CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS FLIPBOOK SECTION: 2D
ABPL20033_2020_SM2 CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 01
b
SITE AND FOOTING PREPARATION
a
Prior to the initial commencement of the project construction, a building permit is to be obtained and approved. In Victoria, the builder must register with the Housing Guarantee Fund [HGF].
Hoarding is placed to bb. A temporary site office is bbb. implemented on-site. Land idenitfy site boundarsurvey services The location ies and separate from certification, building public access. Demoliset-out, contours, and buildtion of pre-exisiting ing format should abide by houses, structures and Australian standards and the footings commence after Building Code of Australia. the demolition plan is approved and hoardings implemented.
The following subcontractors should be contacted prior to construction; 1. Excavator, trencher or post hole digger 2. Electrician [temporary power] 3. Plumber 4. Drainer 5. Concretor 6. Carpenter 9. Bricklayer
Underground c A geotechnical/civil engineer d The excavation phase services to be completes a soil report, takes place after identified. vital in determining type of the site demolition Workers must footings. The site is classiis complete. Trenchreview safety fied, along with bearing es are dug for and hazards capacity of soil. placement of footwhen working in ings and pipings; trench. cc. The geotechnical approves this is a crucial engineered fill; after the stage in corresponsand bed is laid, the engidance to the grid neered fill soils [stiff clay] set-out established are compacted using a hand or mechanical [vibratory equipin the architectural ment] tamper, thus minimising drawings. water erosion [moisture] and Following the departure dd. incorpoating a sound grading of the excavators, envelope, bearing capacities footings are cleaned and and clay and silt content. corners are squared. The bottom surface of footings should be levelled. Site levelling to occur.
Soil stockpile b
Following the trench work, drainage pipes and electrical services [refrigeration lines] to be capped in preparation for pouring of concrete slabs.
EXCAVATION OF FOOTINGS: STRIP FOOTING
aa. After the permit is successfully obtained, the demolition contractor observes existing site conditions and agriculture; all gas, electricity and hydraulic services are to be prohibited and protected during this stage. Any requirements for construction work must be complied with regulations concerning an engineering survey, in relations to section 274 of the Work Health and Safety Act by Safety Work Australia, applied to all types of demolition works.
e
Bulldozer Class M Soil Structural engineers are to run soil tests to identify soil properties on site and issues to correctly design footings for such site conditions. The Lake Wendouree Residence site is presumably classified as soil type ‘M’; see for further detail
A bulldozer is utilised on-site for trench excavation, as well as reducing ground fall and creating a level site for concrete slab floor
Service pipes
Part 3.2.2 Preparation 3.2.2.1 Excavation for footings
Services pipework installation of refridgerant lines
Soil stockpile on site from excavation; unobstructed from delivery trucks and materials
d
a
e
c ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
Section 1:50
case study:
lake wendouree residence
SECTION 5B PAGE 1
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 02
c
GROUND FLOOR SLAB
a b
d
Waffle pod slab system installation; including waterproofing membrane, polystyrene [EPS] void formers, steel bar chairs then trench mesh reinforcing steel
Other methodical measures can be taken place before pouring concrete slab is poured; such as backfilling, ensuring sub-grade is stabilised and ground is leveled
e
Blinding concrete is poured, adhering to a min. 200mm into the stiff soil [excavated for strip footing previously] to set up a damp proof course, a later stage involving masonry. Ensure enough moisture content to stabilise optimum curation process.
cc. Hydronic heating is utilised in the Lake Wendouree Residence; coils are installed and laid before after concrete slabs are poured. ee. Base columns are
Apply chemical treatment for termites. Formwork set to perimetre, set downs in slab edges are prepared for.
welded in place. Ensure that concrete is cured between each pour.
bb. Trench grates are casted in at the edges.
TYPICAL BRACED FORMWORK FOR SLABS >150MM
NCC Part 3.2.5 Footing and Slab Construction
CURING & PROTECTION All render coats, including undercoats and dash coats, should be kept damp for 3 days or until the next coat is applied. Curation time is dependent on specific chemical compounds of concrete, hoever typical curation duration occurs for 7 days.
POURED FROM CONCRETE TRUCK
To satisfy building performance, concrete must meet specific requirements in both plastic and hardened state; in its plastic state, concrete should be workable and free from segregation and bleeding; in its hard state, concrete should be strong, durable and impermeable. The common use of concrete in construction is due to its compressive strength [capacity of a material to withstand loads], as well as: • durable and economical • high plasticity • readily available material in most locations • non-combustible [improved fire-resistance] • properties can be interchanged easily • provided with lateral reinforcement [e.g. Stage 03], concrete is able to withstand tensile stress (Fig. 1.0.).
d
Edge form rebate
e
Rebates at the slab edge to allow an external skin of brickwork to sit on a damp-proof course (DPC) below the floor level
c
a
GRADING
b
Section 1:50 ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
1) Quantity 2) Strength 3) Slump
The typical chemical composition of concrete includes a mixture of cement, water, aggregate (fine and coarse), and admixture, to further modify properties.
SPACING The spacing of chairs must ensure reinforcement is adequate and supported in the required position. Bar chairs for mesh are spaced at 0.9-m to 1.0-m intervals, or at an average of three chairs per metre square
Typically plywood, shoring structures are placed on either side of trenches to support concrete backfill, as it is poured - this inhibits collapse
ORDERING CONCRETE ASAS 3972: Off-white, white portland cement AS 1379: General concrete specification
TYPICAL CONCRETE COMPOSITION
CORRECT CHUTE METHOD FOR CONCRETE POURING - CONCRETE PUMP TRUCK
Shoring timbers
Buxton, P. (2018). The Metric Handbook, p. 66.
case study:
lake wendouree residence
1) Normal class concrete: basic concrete application purposes 2) Special class concrete: utilised for harsh environments; concrete classed other than standard properties of concrete
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 03
a
VERTICAL STRUCTURES ABOVE GROUND
WELDING - RESIST SHEAR AND MOVEMENT FORCES 1. CFW CFW [Continuous fillet weld] is an instruction to the fabricator that a fillet weld joint is required between 2 pieces of steel. It is utilised to hide visible beginning/ending of welding, sealing the hollow steel profile [SHS].
2. FSBW
b
FSBW [Full Strength Butt Weld] is a steel base plate to column welding method relevant to the construction prodcedure of section 5B. A fully welded connection is typically as high in strenght as its connecting members; see ROLE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION.
After sitecast steel columns are cured in STEEL UNIVERSAL BEAMS - UB compliance to AS/NZS 5131, above ground Grade 300 beam steelwork [vertical] is erected through lifting and placement of steel framing members. The cast-in-plates are identified in correspondance to drawings.v All loads are transferred down to the pad or strip footing, into the compact soil. Steel beams are passed around the site by a mechanical crane; and beams are bolted in place [ rigid/simple ]
250 PFC
PFC in place of timber stud for maximised bearing of vertical loads using Suitable for bending steel channel instead movements parallel to of wood rafters; web longer-lasting, and it will not be damaged by rot, fungal FL 460.4 decay or moisture
Mild steel lintels Trench Grate
Steel lintels installed for vertical support of ceiling structures above: top and bottom plate
Balcony drainage cast into slab
Welded shelf angle
200 PFC and stiffener plate to stud wall
AS/NZS4680 Shelf angle to match arch control joint location hot-dip galvanised to AS/NZS4680 for corrosion protection. In preparation of bricklaying, masonry support is provided to ensure dead loads are transferred back to main building frame, allowing optimum performance in stability
AS3679.2
FCL
459.5
Suitable for all vertical loads of building, as well as Suitable for load bearing elements when height is limited framing
ROLE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION Steel is composed of a range alloys with >2% carbon; in construction, it has been economically suited towards mass/rapid structures. Changing web and flange dimensions is achieved through hot-rolling to suit different building load requirements.
EXAMPLES OF STEEL CONNECTIONS FOUND IN LAKE WENDOUREE RESIDENCE
Stiffener plate continuous fillet weld [CFW,see CFW: WELDING] to stud wall on either side of steel member [internal load bearing performance]
RIGID CONNECTIONS Rigid construction refers to sufficient rigidity in maintaining original angles of steel members, with little or no deformation of the framework.
Cleat plate
Nut and washer Shank Head
Cleat plate connections - unstiffened for lightweight steel beam connections
b
FFL
456.8
FCL
456.2
Simple connections refer to the connections at the ends of members, providing required rotation stiffness at the connection, thus upholding bending restraints. The connection is then subject to shear forces found in the bolts [see ROLE OF BOLTS].
ROLE OF BOLTS Bolts generally hot dip galvanised for external applications, or stainless steel grading to combat corrosive environments
a
TYPICAL AUSTRALIAN STEEL TYPES FFL
Cast-in FSBW (typ.) to C10 RHS
Rounded steel bars
Due to its low tensility, concrete structures require reinforcing steel bars; lapped 600mm with main slab to ease tensile loads
ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
SIMPLE CONNECTIONS
Section 1:50
453.2
1. MILD STEEL Advantageous building strength; ductile, flexible; suitable for fire protection and prevention of buckling and collapse 2. REBAR STEEL Often co-operated with masonry and concrete industry; suitable anchoring concrete compression [Plain steel wire] 3. STRUCTURAL STEEL Used for production of beams [e.g. angles, universal, channel] in order to withstand transfer of buiding loads
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 04 INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE
a
Intermediate floor structure consists of wall framing construction, after steel construction. Frames supporting the roof and ceiling of the Lake Wendouree Residence are load-bearing walls and partitions.
b
Position timber bracing in accordance to structural framing plans and code requirement AS1684
In skeletal construction [see ROLE OF TIMBER IN SKELETAL WALL BRACING] metal connections are required to secure timber cross sections; loads 2. MECHANICAL STRESS GRADING [MGP: Machine Graded [lateral] is transferred from [e.g.] Pine] - Mechanical test to verify module of elasbolts to max. no. of timber fibres ticity [MOE], which refers to the stress v. strain ratio of timber. M10 Bolt Hexagon Head
bb. The saw cut position is marked. Optimum angle of 45° - no less than 30° or greater than 60° between the top wall plate and wall bracing.
e
c
Cut the marked studs and plates to a depth of 18mm (no deeper than 20mm).
d
Nail studs to plates - add trimmer members nogging, and temporary brace
aa. Stud positions on top and bottom plate are marked.
TIMBER STRESS GRADE 1. VISUAL STRESS GRADING [F] - A piece of timber is inspected for in final sizing and assigned a grade according to visual properties.
JOINTS/CONNECTIONS
After timber framing is erected, ceiling joists and roof trusses are assembled.
Bolts Zinc Plated
AS1720.1 BUILDING PERFORMANCE Located at floor slab below [interior use only] braced wall/anchored for rigid founda- WIND LOADS tion support - combat against articulation To inhibit building vertical joints. Strutural timber is classified as structural failure, bolt con‘joint groups’ [AS1720.1] to determine strength of timber connections. The combined nections to joists prevent load in the bolt should not exceed the bolt trusses from deflecting and material’s tensile yield limit in order to provide steel-to-timber connective solutions overcome lateral loads from the wind. against lateral loads [see WIND LOADS] FL 460.4 PROPERTIES
FCL
a
-
durable elastic lightweight workability fire-resistant sustainable sourcing renewable
b
APPLICATIONS - damping; studs for separation of two walls [see STAGE 06] - sufficient acoustic wall insulation
ROLE OF TIMBER IN SKELETAL WALL BRACING
Waterproof membrane
FFL
d
FCL
Wall batts thermal insulation
459.5
SEISMIC LOADS Timber is able to withstand seismic forces, due to ability to retain elasticity and strength. Paired with steel, an ideal building performance is ensured at connections [see JOINTS/CONNECTIONS].
Frames designed and built to the relevant Australian Standards must comply with BCA requirements, with the addition of appropiatejoints and connections.
456.8
456.2
e
A building construction method is deemed as skeleton construction if primary load-bearing structure is made of columns and beams, interconnected with a secondary supporting system of beams and rafters.
Installation of wall insulation batts commence. Electrical services should be inhibited during installation
GROUND FRAME c
FFL
453.2
Prefabricated trusses: Mitek gang nail / Posi bracing system
Section 1:50 ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
UPPER FRAME
Posi strut webs and timber studs form a braced panel, suited for larger wall openings. Can be prefabricated units as an economic alternative to conventional cross bracing. Provides easy access for electrical and plumbing services
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
Fixed roof battens
stage 05 ROOFING SYSTEMS
Insulation for metal roofing
Continuous battens fastened to perforated aluminium roof sheet for support
Bradford Gold ceiling batts + Bradford Anticon Roof Blanket installed directly under metal sheeting for condensation control and filtering moisture, thus preventing mould and mildew
A lifeline and safety harness should be considered as a safety hazard for workers on the roof
b
c
To be installed facing the interior of home
To begin roof construction, safety hazards must be taken. A reliable scaffold must be constructed - for gutter and fascia board mounting purposes, a rail is recommended.
Wrapped over steel frame [SHS] standing seam roofing clips composition of metal: stainless steel, mild steel, pre-galvanised steel, galvanneal and aluminium inc. anodised solid edging for tension stabilisation
VMZinc cladding panels
Battens 430 CNTRS
Marine plywood beneath Vapro shield - maximised passive thermal performance through air convection in ceiling
AS 4654.1, 1. NCC (National Construction Code) 5654.2 Waterproofing - For minimum safety standards in construction membranes AS 3740 Domesic wet areas
2. BCA Building Code of Australia For structural adequacy and technical provisions of plumbing, drainage solutions, fire resistance
VAPOUR BARRIER
c
Light permeable vapour barrier utilised for an airtight wrap, reducing heat loss/cool air [conditioned air], thus optimising thermal performance through protection of building envelope and insulation from condensation, mold, timber rot and corrosion
460.4
FCL
459.5
Concealed box gutter
AS/NZS 4200.1:1994 Pliable building membranes and underlays Installation
ProctorWrap™
Permeable vapour barrier utilised in Lined with 19mm marine plywood [water proof] for steel and timber wall framing construction, effective storm-water as well as beneath control the perforated zinc roofing
Ridge beam and purlins are fixed, along with wall plates. Must be correclty aligned and spaced with ridge beam for optimal load transfer SUBSTRUCTURE: Rafters and battens are erected for working platform supprt, as well as roof sheeting support
In order to provide a waterproof, water resistant, water sensitive and watertight residential home, strategies such as external waterproofing membranes must be installed. The following codes must be met for a compliant level of building performance solution;
Vapro shield vapour barrier
FL
b
BUILDING PERFORMANCE: WATERPROOFING
Titanium zinc with copper for mechanical resistance - ideal blend for natural building materials [e.g. timber substrate]
Lifeline
Vapour underlay installation a
Perforated aluminium roof sheeting: Terrace Roof
FLASHING a
FFL
456.8
FCL
456.2
VaproShield
Water resistive barrier self-bonded to 19mm marine plywood substrate; reduces loss of conditioned air and seals building from external air and moisture
Flashing is a typically a fastened metal sheeting over wall penetrations or window openings to ensure direction of water is diverted. The slope design encourages for the function of gravity to weatherproof the building interior. Usually galvanized steel. BOX GUTTER An example of flashings utsed in the Lake Wendouree Residence is the concealed box gutter - reduces stormwater runoff and prevents ingress of water into internal areas
Custom timber profiles Tasmanian Oak custom profile pieces for window sills and jamb delivered on site
PARAPET
FFL
453.2
Directs storm-water overflow; allows for large water storage capacities which connects to downpipes for adequate drainage. In the Lake Wendouree Residence, an angled [aluminum clip] flashing is fastened over the external brick wall to neutralise forces.
DAMP ROOF COURSE
Brick prototyping Bricks are delivered on site for initial prototyping at this stage ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
Section 1:50
SEALING
DPC [Damp Roof course] is a horizontal barrier in a wall which resists moisture, embedded as a watertight strategy [see STAGE 07 for more detail.]
Air leakage accounts for 15−25% of winter heat loss in buildings; efficent sealing reduces energy loss through sealing off building envelope. Common heat loss junctions include wall to ceiling and unsealed skylights.
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
Fixed roof battens
stage 05 ROOFING SYSTEMS
Insulation for metal roofing
Continuous battens fastened to perforated aluminium roof sheet for support
Bradford Gold ceiling batts + Bradford Anticon Roof Blanket installed directly under metal sheeting for condensation control and filtering moisture, thus preventing mould and mildew
A lifeline and safety harness should be considered as a safety hazard for workers on the roof
b
c
To be installed facing the interior of home
To begin roof construction, safety hazards must be taken. A reliable scaffold must be constructed - for gutter and fascia board mounting purposes, a rail is recommended.
Wrapped over steel frame [SHS] standing seam roofing clips composition of metal: stainless steel, mild steel, pre-galvanised steel, galvanneal and aluminium inc. anodised solid edging for tension stabilisation
VMZinc cladding panels
Battens 430 CNTRS
Marine plywood beneath Vapro shield - maximised passive thermal performance through air convection in ceiling
AS 4654.1, 1. NCC (National Construction Code) 5654.2 Waterproofing - For minimum safety standards in construction membranes AS 3740 Domesic wet areas
2. BCA Building Code of Australia For structural adequacy and technical provisions of plumbing, drainage solutions, fire resistance
VAPOUR BARRIER
c
Light permeable vapour barrier utilised for an airtight wrap, reducing heat loss/cool air [conditioned air], thus optimising thermal performance through protection of building envelope and insulation from condensation, mold, timber rot and corrosion
460.4
FCL
459.5
Concealed box gutter Lined with 19mm marine plywood [waterproof] for effective storm-water control
Ridge beam and purlins are fixed, along with wall plates. Must be correctly aligned and spaced with ridge beam for optimal load transfer SUBSTRUCTURE: Rafters and battens are erected for working platform supprt, as well as roof sheeting support
In order to provide a waterproof, water resistant, water sensitive and watertight residential home, strategies such as external waterproofing membranes must be installed. The following codes must be met for a compliant level of building performance solution;
Vapro shield vapour barrier
FL
b
BUILDING PERFORMANCE: WATERPROOFING
Titanium zinc with copper for mechanical resistance - ideal blend for natural building materials [e.g. timber substrate]
Lifeline
Vapour underlay installation a
Perforated aluminium roof sheeting: Terrace Roof
AS/NZS 4200.1:1994 Pliable building membranes and underlays Installation
ProctorWrap™ Permeable vapour barrier utilised in steel and timber wall framing construction, as well as beneath the perforated zinc roofing
FLASHING a
FFL
456.8
FCL
456.2
VaproShield
Water resistive barrier self-bonded to 19mm marine plywood substrate; reduces loss of conditioned air and seals building from external air and moisture
Flashing is a typically a fastened metal sheeting over wall penetrations or window openings to ensure direction of water is diverted. The slope design encourages for the function of gravity to weatherproof the building interior. Usually galvanized steel. BOX GUTTER An example of flashings used in the Lake Wendouree Residence is the concealed box gutter - reduces stormwater runoff and prevents ingress of water into internal areas
Custom timber profiles Tasmanian Oak custom profile pieces for window sills and jamb delivered on site
PARAPET
FFL
453.2
Directs storm-water overflow; allows for large water storage capacities which connects to downpipes for adequate drainage. In the Lake Wendouree Residence, an angled [aluminum clip] flashing is fastened over the external brick wall to neutralise forces.
DAMP ROOF COURSE
Brick prototyping Bricks are delivered on site for initial prototyping at this stage ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
Section 1:50
SEALING
DPC [Damp Roof course] is a horizontal barrier in a wall which resists moisture, embedded as a watertight strategy [see STAGE 07 for more detail.]
Air leakage accounts for 15−25% of winter heat loss in buildings; efficent sealing reduces energy loss through sealing off building envelope. Common heat loss junctions include wall to ceiling and unsealed skylights.
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 07
b
INTERNAL PARTITIONS, ROUGH-IN SERVICES, CEILING AND WALL LINING STRUCTURES
a
Rough-in services installed [floors, walls and ceilings]; Once electrical and plumbing services are cast into slab, it is extended to secondary internal stud partitions and ceilings
c
After rough-in services are fixed, ceiling insulation is installed Internal wall lining; plywood ceiling sheeting and gypsum plasterboard over thermal batts insulation and rough-in services
Weepholes Gaps left in external masonry for surface tension control functions primarily for ventilation [inc. bushfires], drainage, pest control [see WEEPHOLES stage 07 for more detail]
d
Window panes are installed
BUILDING PERFORMANCE: WATERPROOFING
e
Progression of surrounding landscaping
ROLE OF MARINE PLYWOOD AS SUBSTRATE AS/NZS 2272: Marine plywood grades and specifications
Rough-in services Plumbing and electrical services installed and identified roughly where required - installed in cavities before plasterboard is lined
Rough-in services
MDF Pellet 130mm Overhang of plywood pelmet for blinds installation
Electrical and plumbing pipework fed through bored timber holes in timber stud, then distributed to the rest of the home in a concealed method FL
FCL
460.4
459.5
Marine plywood is a material utilised for cladding, substrate layer in the Lake Wendouree Residence. Marine Plywood is manufactured with a durable face and core veneers with few defects so it is able to withstand humid and wet conditions. The durable face and core veneers combined with the core gap and glue bond creates a sufficient water resistant material composition. Thus, marine plywood is utilised for applications prone to moisture such as the parapet and ceiling substrate
b
c
19mm marine plywood e
floor
FFL
456.8
FCL
456.2
BONDEKÂŽ sheeting Guttering, fascia and rainwater elements installation complete
a
FFL
Section 1:50 ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
453.2
Waterproofing and preparation of screeding over hydronic coils
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 08
d
Internal terrace and living room screed flooring for resilience and durability. Cleaning of floors commence afterwards
e
Fit-off services and bulk head installation over electrical and plumbing piping
FINISHING TRADES, JOINERY AND APPLIANCES
a
Custom joinery is measured and approved by architects off-site in a factory
b
c
Wall linings and internal plasterboards are installed around joinery [e.g. living room shelves]
PAINT AND COATING
Terrace sliding door
WINDOWS
Terrace glass sliding door pane and sill installation complete
Windows fitted and glass pane installation finalised. Double glazing solutions applied for thermal performance in external windows.
SLIDING DOOR
f
Custom joinery/furniture to be completed and installed
Excess materials are cleaned and waste discarded; remaining timber located internally for custom work
Main bedroom carpet
Terrace sliding door - glass pane and frame fitted and fixed.
Carpet not yet installed - due to manufacturing time of a light coloured finish
Bulk head plywood finishes over mechanical/ electrical ixtures [e.g. AC, GPO]
BULK HEAD
All living room timber sills oil finished [1 preservative coat, 2 acrylic coats, 2 clear coats]. Exposed galvanised steel t be painted. Steel corrosion practices include protective coat and powdercoats. Powdercoats over over steel dividers in living room joinery shelves, and protective coating over mild steel reveals in sashless terrace windows.
CUSTOM JOINERY
Ceiling finish water resistant plasterboard
FLOORING
Custom joinery and furniture delivered from off-site after approval at factory. FL
e
FCL
Grouting to finish stone tiling in living room and terrace area. Screed flooring finishes are applied as a protective layer over hydronic floor heating - provides smooth and leveled finish
460.4
459.5
Screed flooring Layer of cementituous applied to concrete floor slab - sharp sand finish for internal terrace floor. Apvplied over hydronic heat coiling using a trowel
f
FFL
456.8
FCL
456.2
Blinds
Blind fixings installed behind pelmet as passive shading strategy implmentation, thus reducing energy usage of home
b
Client Client to inspect and select finishing trades off-site for custom joinery
d
FFL
453.2
c
a
Section 1:50 ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
Mortar bed Mortar bed is laid for stone tiling finish after waterproofing membrane is applied, along with a layer of tile bond coat
AS 4386:2018 Cabinetry in the built-in environment
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 02 09
GROUND FLOOR SLAB AB
10
Waffle pod system
08
07
06
After the polystyrene [EPS] void formers have been placed, a layer of underslab waterproofing membrane is installed. The bar chairs and trench mesh are installed afterward
Base columns
External edge concrete slab
Base columns welded after blinding concrete [min. 200m] has been poured. Curation process must be properly undertaken beforehand
Normal-class concrete Normal-class concrete is specified by reference to standard parameters which describe the characteristics of most concrete applications • the strength grade (N20, N25, N32, N40, or N50), or the corresponding characteristic strength (20, 25, 32, 40, or 50 MPa at 28 days) • the slump required at the point of delivery (20–120 mm) • the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate (10, 14 or 20 mm) • the level of entrained air (if required) In addition, the order for concrete should specify– • the intended method of placement • if the project assessment is to be carried out by the supplier In stage 02, before the blinding concrete is poured, all services are to be capped and prohibited. Timber formwork is first erected, following the adequate site parameters to inhibit structural collapse during stage 01-03. Backfilling can proceed as required. After the termite application, and sand bed is laid as per NCC requiremnts, the polystyrene waffle pod system is able to be installed.
Concrete truck chute Concrete is pumped for pouring from concrete truck. Curing must be allowed for water evapouration prevention [cracks]
ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
Plan
Bar chair spacing
1:50
0.9-m to 1.0-m intervals
Shoring
Curing factors
Timber formwork is set out to prevent structural collapse during concrete curing
ASAS 3972: Off-white, white portland cement AS 1379: General concrete specification
As the concrete is poured, the base columns are welded in place. Allow concrete to be properly cured between each pour to maximise strength and compressive abilties for optimal building performance in upholding loads. Concrete curing reaches a min. of 7 days to become properly cured.
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 033
Steel crawler Steel crawler used to manoeuver steel members - for accurate bracing, and beam positioning as required through transversal building loads
VERTICAL STRUCTURES CTURES URES RE 10 ABOVE GROUND
09
08 08
07 07
06
Grated pit for drainage Trench is dug at the edge for drainage solutions connected from stormwater downpipes and parapet
VERTICAL LOADS STEEL REINFORCEMENT
In stage 03, steel members arrive on-site for vertical structures above ground. A steel crawler is utilised to manoeuver members such as bracing and beams to correct positioning, as determined by building load capacity. There are 3 main steel in building construction; 1. Plain Carbon Steel or Mild Steel x Low carbon steel consists of 0.05%-0.25% carbon x x x x
Ductile High plasticity Prone to deformation Fire resistant
2. Rebar Steel
Steel profile delivery on-site Steel profiles and beams transferred on site, inc. some timber in preparation for stage 04
Temporary bracing
Rigid connections
Piping
Bracing to support axial loads and supply rigidity
Allows for absence of deformation as vertical articulation movements are transferred from bolts, to beams
Pipework for refrigeration lines to penetrate first floor
Plan 1:50
ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
x Enhances concrete compression x Plain steel wire for concrete reinforcement x Steel and zinc coated bars, low-alloy steel, stainless steel, axel steel, welded deformed steel, fabricated deformed steel bar mats, chromium, low carbon steel bars 3. Structural steel x U beams, L beams, angles, PFC x Vulnerable to corrosion
A.2
flipbook section 2D
AS/NZS 5131 AS 3679.2
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 04
Scaffolding
09
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR OR 10 STRUCTURE
Sufficient scaffolding to be erected at building edge for multi-storey buildings - to follow Work health and safety AUstralia requirements
08
07
06
Timber profiles in Australia
Brick prototyping Masonry units are tranported on site for prototyping purposes mortar bed consistency is addiitonally to be tested
In stage 04, a scaffold is to be erected around building edge perimetre for safety precautions. Floor joists, timber intermediate stud rafters and cross bracing walls are installed to combat cross sectional loads from e.g. wind. Vertical elements such as timber studs are placed first to divert load-bearing forces to subsoil, then horizontal elements such as the top and bottom plate, lintels and window will frames. Prefabricated trusses are installed at this stage for the commencement of roofing rafters and distribution of building loads in steel-timber construction within sub-floor. An additional concrete pouring is to be undertaken at the terrace floor, after Bondek sheet has been placed for gutter/rainwater flashing above timber sills.
Subflooring structure Timber stud profiles
Aluminium bracing
Timber studs, rafters and beams are transported on site
Aluminium bracing rods for horizontal articulation movement control - diagonal braces for a lightweight and durable performance
ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
Plan 1:50
lake wendouree residence
Vapour barrier underlay over floor joists as a working platform for first level
Thermal soundscreen insulation Installed between floor joists for thermal resistance
AS1720.1 Australian timber species AS1684 Bolts compliance
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 05 ROOFING SYSTEMS
09
10 Aluminium roof bracing
Mitred corner timber joint
ALuminium roof bracing beneath battens for load transfer support [horizontal elements]
08
07
06
Floor joists Floor joists for level 1 are installed; studs are fixed in place to provide a platform for intermediate sub flooring
Edge particle board Particle board squared for mitered joint corner
In stage 05, waterproofing measures are installed in sub-flooring as an underlay, beneath roof metal sheets [over ceiling battens], and external masonry surfaces for moisture control. Particle boards are installed over floor joists, waterproofing and insulation for commencement of roofing structures. Steel-timber framing members are in place for rafters, purlins, battens to be constructed for VMZinc metal sheeting support in the next stage.
Mild steel reveals Steel lintels for terrace open window installed
PFC steel profile Perforated aluminum clip over terrace roof edge PFC utilised as the rafters can be smaller and lighter, while still supporting the same amount of weight. Compared to wood, the steel channel is stronger and longer-lasting, and it will not be damaged by rot, fungal decay or moisture ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
PFC utilised as the rafters are be smaller and lighter; whilststill supporting the same load-bearing amount. Compared to wood, the steel channel is stronger and longer-lasting, and it will not be damaged by rot, fungal decay or moisture
Perimetre set out for drainage Left for downpipes and gas flue penetration
Building envelope is protected and wrapped in Vapro shield for thermal performance and waterproofing. Vapro shiled barrier to maintain conditioned space below and prevent water retention AS 4654.1, 5654.2 Waterproofing membranes AS 3740 Domesic wet areas AS/NZS 4200.1:1994
Plan 1:50
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 06 09
EXTERNAL WALLS, 10 CLADDING, WINDOW SYSTEMS, EXTERNAL DOORS
08
07
06
Roof substrate Marine plywood substrate Plywood sheeting is laid over battens
Aluminum metal sheeting: Standing seam cladding
FRB1 and FRB2 Framing brace fixing locations joint to rafters
Roofing system 1. 2. 3. 4.
Ceiling joists
Rafters 19mm marine substrate Vapro shield VM zinc perforated panels
Ceiling joists are load bearing beams connected to lower ends of rafter for transfer of horizontal articulation joints
Downpipes Connected to rainwater services; parapet and roof edge flashing
Overhead void
Load-bearing stud walls
Vapro shield
Timber studs are bolted to steel columns - 2x multi grip nailed to PFC for connection to ceiling joists
Vapour barrier over 19mm marine substrate for surface protection
Plan 1:50 ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
Breathable sarking
In stage 06, marine plywood sheeting is installed over ceiling joists and temporary bracing. A breathable sarking membrane is placed in roof cavity as a barrier for radiant heat control and a thermal break. Sarking prevents condensation through ventilation design throughout entire roll length beneath the timber roof battens. AS/NZS 2272:2006 - Marine plywood
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 07 INTERNAL PARTITIONS, ON 10 ROUGH-IN SERVICES, S CEILING AND WALL LINING STRUCTURES
09
08
07
06 6
Mortar bedding
Mortar beding is smoothed over with a trowel to seal off building to create an airtight envelope
Bricklayering Bricklayering [soldier course] begins at the corners before intermediate bricks are filled
Efflorescence sealing Sealing over external bricklayer for masonry waterproof application
Brick cavity ties Brick cavity ties for transfer lateral forces from one masonry leaf to another in the cavity wall
In stage 07, brickskin layering is continued. Waterproofing elements such as sealing, grouting, protective brick eflorescence, parapet clipping, rainwater pipes, sloping momentum of roof all are moisture prevention measures to be implmented during masonry unit construction. External roofing systems such as zinc cladding should;
Parapet brick skin edge Parapet designed to conceal box gutter and downpipes
ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
VMZinc standing seam cladding Cladding over 19mm marine plywood substrate - waterproofing building material
Gas flue Plan 1:50
Gas flue to penetrate through first floor to roof
- Ensure prevention of moisture, thus timber shrinkage and brickskin damage in its clay composiiton - Inc. rot and mold resistant barriers - Provide adequate slope bearing for stormwater overflow to downpipes at edging AS/NZS 2272: Marine plywood grades and specifications
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS
stage 08 FINISHING TRADES, JOINERY AND APPLIANCES
Wood joints - joinery
09
10
08
DPC
Main living roof
Bricklayering complete - damp proof course complete [previously commenced at stage 01 trenches]
VMZinc standing seam finish
07 0 7
06 06
Brick veneer cavity Cavity left in brick veneer for thermal resistance for air resistance and water penetration; waterproofing elements include flashing, weep holes, and trench grate on external edge slab, brick skin
Perforated terrace roof Perforated aluminum roof finish
Sloped to parapet to combat water retention and surface tension
In stage 08, finishing trades including painting, glazing, protective coating and cladding. Fittings and fixtures are capped and finished with appropiate surfaces;
Aluminium clipping/parapet capping
Sealing
Aluminum flashing capped over parapet edge
Plan 1:50
Standing seam lock system fastened to plywood and building wrap for airtight performance/ infiltration
- Protective coating for steel corrosion, powerdercoating for internal steel reveals - Painting and coating for timber - Efflorescence for external brick - Capping of services and bulk head finishes over mechanical/electrical units AS 4386:2018 Cabinetry in the built-in environment
ABPL20033_2020_SM2
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS 1182104
MICHELLE CHAN
case study:
lake wendouree residence
A.2
flipbook section 2D
ALBERTO PUGNALE SOFIA COLABELLA
T06 ANASTASIA SKLAVAKIS