Thesis Proposal | April 2014 by Michelle Sloan

[dis] C O N N E C T

A therapeutic environment in a wooded natural setting near the city and the water. Focusing on the emotional healing process of children who have recently lost someone close to them.

BOSTON ARCHITECTURAL COLLEGE MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE

Thesis Program Director: Ian Taberner Thesis Seminar Instructor: Frank Smith Thesis Studio Instructor: Ian Taberner

   

 Thesis Summary

Thesis Abstract

Thesis Statement

Methods of Inquiry

Terms of Criticism

Building Systems

Site Statement

Program Statement

Case Studies

Sketch Problem

Health and Wellness

Client

Qualifications & Requirements

Annotated Bibliography

Appendix



struggle

“the you’re in

today

is developing the

strength

you need for

tomorrow”

NATURE HEALING RETREAT:

Recreating the qualities of overnight camp while providing a therapeutic space for children going through the healing process

Statement:

Children are often overprotected, shielded from experiences that will actually help them grow and develop. It is through this healing retreat that we will begin to address these issues, in a design that both allows children to express themselves as well as develop confidence and understanding of the process of life.

Abstract:

This thesis studies the qualities of overnight summer camp, what this type of environment gives to children, and how these ideas can be used to allow children a place to emotionally heal. Camp gives them confidence, a place to call home, a place to develop relationships, and a place to grow. This type of environment, one that is nestled in the woods and away from everyday technology, can refresh, reinvigorate, and prove to create positive effects on the mind. The qualities of a camp are similar to a place of pause, relaxation, learning, leisure and community. It is these ideas and qualities that I will take away from the typical camp experience and with them, create a space that is knotted into the natural world, designed specifically for children that have recently lost someone close to them.

Methods of Inquiry:

RESEARCH | Healing in a natural environment, How families deal with loss, Child Psychology, Environmental Psychology, Mind-body connection SITE | Mapping of views to enhance, Analysis of “safe” spots on site, Photographs discovering areas of connection to the natural site, Usage documentation ABSTRACT ART | Connect vs. Disconnect, Stress vs. Calmness, City vs. Suburb COLLAGE | Layering of program spaces PROGRAM | interviews, client input CASE STUDIES | related projects throughout the world MATERIAL STUDIES | How architecture can be flexible to accommodate all seasons

Terms of Criticism:

Does the design reflect a sense of connection to nature with disconnect from the outside world? Are there spaces that foster social interaction between different age children? Is this a space that creates a feeling of safety from exterior life? A feel of peace and relaxation with opportunity for healing? Do the spaces recreate the idea of struggle that eventually leads to a resolution? Do the spaces and views create a sense that the environment is therapeutic? Does architecture enhance the natural beauty of the site?

Building Typology:

Healing Retreat (approximately 32,500 SF): a therapeutic environment for children focusing on the emotional healing process of losing someone close to them. It is about dealing with the idea of struggle and how to cope with finding resolution and peace

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Site & Location:

Boston Harbor Islands | World’s End | Hingham, MA

Thesis Summary Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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There is a secret bond deep down inside, known only to those that have experienced the magic of sleepaway camp. I went to sleepaway camp for nine summers, an experience I wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t trade for the world. Camp gave me a sense of independence; it is there that I grew up, discovered a lot about who I am as a person, and developed into an adult that was strongly influenced by my summers at camp. It is also there that I realized the sense of peace one can get from being intertwined in outdoor life, and how strong this separation from the world of technology can impact the senses in a new way. It can refresh, reinvigorate, and prove to create positive effects on the mind. The qualities of a camp environment are similar to a place of pause, relaxation, learning, leisure and community. It is these qualities and ideas of development that I will take away from the typical camp experience and with them, create a space that is knotted into the natural world, designed specifically for children that have recently lost someone close to them. Inside this Nature Healing Retreat will be a therapeutic environment where children will continue the emotional healing process while being surrounded by other children going through the same trauma. In parallel with going through these hard times come sadness and loneliness, yet children will find themselves stepping into a new space, one of relaxation and safety, separate from their normal daily encounters. While the loss of someone close could cause your world to feel black and white, coming to this place will begin to let that color back in. The healing retreat is close enough to the city that public transportation is easily accessible, yet far enough away that children feel as though they are in a new spot, one of comfort that promotes feelings of safety and disconnect from the troubles they are facing. The retreat will provide areas to focus on creative thoughts and activities, places to concentrate on physical well-being, quiet spaces where reflection can occur, and comfortable spaces where children can talk with counselors about their feelings. By creating spaces that inhabit these different activities, reflection and interaction will occur and support systems will begin to grow, working together to find moments of joy during times of sadness. They will create bonds with each other similar to that of summer camp, and at the same time learn how to cope with loss. It is new opportunities and challenges that will teach children how to take control in unfamiliar situations, and have a greater understanding of the process of life. It is a place that focuses on healing, community, social interaction, and letting go of everyday stresses in an environment that is completely inspired by the close interaction with nature enhanced by architecture.

Thesis Abstract Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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The Retreat will create a space that is central to the healing process for children. It is in a natural environment that provides emotional nourishment for children who are struggling with loss. It enables them to open up with their feelings and bond with others going through similar life events. Unfortunately, children are often not given the attention they need when it comes to the traumatic experience of death at such a young age. Their needs are overlooked while the parents or caretakers try to protect them. However, in trying to protect them, the child’s feelings become bottled up and stored away to only come out later in life. Ignoring the problem and ‘protecting’ the child is in no way helpful to their development. They need the exposure to understand that death is a part of life. It will help them to grow up with a more solid understanding of how to cope with such an extreme life change. It will help them to understand how to handle tough situations. Talking through these feelings and being involved in the process is just the beginning of healing. Without understanding, the wound cannot fully be healed.

The universe will become whatever guardians determine: “...we would accept suffering as inevitable to the human condition, and that through suffering we have opportunities to develop wisdom. Suffering is not to be avoided but to be embraced as a necessary component of our lives and our evolutionary development. It is through suffering that humans come to know the meaning of an individual life, gain a sense of the human condition, and develop compassion.”

Thesis Statement Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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“When trauma strikes, the child’s mind draws a mental boundary between the mind and the body (which are not two, but one), splitting off bodily meanings from awareness. While the boundary is successful in isolating painful, embodied meanings from awareness, the meanings are neither experienced nor revised, but remain underground, unnamed, and active forever.” Through working with a therapist in the right environment, finding a voice that represents the unconscious meanings are gradually resolved. The unique sequence of sensory and symbolic experiences provided by the microcosm of nature in the therapeutic garden invites and enables the child to journey into the outer reaches of his or her inner self.

SITE | Mapping of views to enhance, Analysis of “safe” spots on site, Photographs discovering areas of connection to the natural site, Usage documentation

MATERIAL STUDIES | How architecture can be flexible to accommodate all seasons | ‘Rustic’ materials

Methods of Inquiry Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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“The word ‘heal’ derives from an Old English word haelon which means wholeness.” DISCONNECT | Does the design reflect a sense of connection to nature and a sense of disconnect from the outside world?

CONNECT | Does the architecture connect with and form an integration with the surrounding landscape? INTERACTION | Are there spaces that foster social interaction between different aged children, and spaces that create interaction between indoor and outdoor life?

BOUNDARY | Is this a space that creates a feeling of safety from exterior life? A feel of peace, relaxation and community with opportunity for healing?

TRANSITION | Is there an architectural feel of procession into and through the spaces? A pathway that allows a smooth transition physically and emotionally? EMOTION | Do the spaces and views create a sense that the environment is therapeutic, providing views to nature with outdoor spaces connected to the landscape?

Terms of Criticism Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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T h e concept model represents the ability to travel into and through the spaces of my healing retreat, while feeling a sense of groundedness. This sense comes from the connection to the idea of the ‘circle’. The circle acts as the bonding force and strength that brings everyone and everything together. It is this strength that is created on the site through the program, through the people, and through the emotion that is evoked through the architectural spaces, all factors in helping to push the healing process forward. The very act of healing can be done through space, it can be done through architecture, and through the act of feeling something emotionally. We are all connected through this one place, and it is the place where we begin to understand ourselves, understand each other, and understand emotion. The deepness of the problem that is to be solved in this space requires a path to be traveled. It is not a black and white answer, yet a process that must be figured out and one that is different for everyone. We must travel down this path, metaphorically through different openings until we find the one that is right for each of us. odel M t p e Conc 

MATERIALITY | Discover through research. Different materials that are flexible and adaptable in a natural setting during all seasons. In creating a therapeutic environment for children, this is a year-round retreat. EXPOSED STRUCTURE | Although sometimes exposed structure may feel a bit industrial, the nature of the project, finished and framed in wood, will give a rustic feel to the site while integrated into nature creating a soft environment. It is easier to heal in a place that feels comfortable and like home, and this will help add to that sense of comfort. AESTHETIC | Integrating this rustic aesthetic into the project ties back to the idea of the overnight camp nestled into the woods, giving a feel of being away from the city and technology - a feeling of refreshment and renewal. ENVIRONMENT | The buildings will be situated in, and integrated into the natural environment. Not an addition to, but a part of it. This will help the spaces feel more grounded which adds a sense of safety. Respecting existing views and trees plays a large part of the environment aspect as well. SUSTAINABLE | Being near water will help keep the spaces a bit cooler in the summer. Windows and roof overhangs will be designed in a way that lets in as much natural light as possible throughout the year. The buildings will also be built from local materials, such as stone and wood. As this site is set away from city life, fire pits and fireplaces will be used as a heating supplement throughout the year.

Issues to Think About FOUNDATION | Building near water could create foundation issues FLOODING | How to avoid this in areas close to water MATERIALITY / WATERPROOFING Building in land home to many plant life species ADAPTABILITY | Building system’s flexibility for year-round use in a program that is largely outdoors

Building Systems Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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n ion P la Di vis

Sit

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In 1856, John Brewer built a mansion along Martin’s Lane and acquired most of the peninsula over the next few decades, including Sarah and Langley Islands which only cost him $250.

World’s End consists of 248 acres of land and over 5 miles of shoreline. The site is defined by four hills, running north to south called drumlins, characterized by their half egg shape. These hills were all formed at roughly the same time by glacial action. On the underside of the bedrock lies glacial till, the parts of the sediments that were deposited directly by the glacier, which contains mixtures of sand, clay, gravel, and boulders.

L d’s e t Olms

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World’s End was never industrialized or developed. Through the 19th and 20th centuries it was used as cropland, hay meadows, and pasturage by Hingham farmers. The farm (1855-67) was headed by John Brewer who built farm buildings on the site (in addition to his mansion) including a blacksmith shop, greenhouses, a bathhouse, a stable, a smokehouse, and homes for farmers and their families (shown on the plan to the left). In 1886, Brewer requested Olmsted to plan roads, landscape, and subdivisions of the land in preparation for a residential neighborhood to develop. The double rows of trees planted along all roads on both sides still exist today, though the land was never developed into the residential neighborhood that it was planned for. In 1945, World’s End was considered a possible site for the United Nations, which was eventually built in New York. In 1965, World’s End was considered as a site for a nuclear power plant, though it was eventually built in Plymouth, MA. Finally in 1967, a campaign to raise money for the acquisition of World’s End succeeded in raising funds sufficient to assure preservation of the property.

Greenhouse in the 1930’s

Stable in the 1930’s

Mansion View from West

Site History Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Table of Contents

Existing State Site Description & Analysis

Codes 32 Cultural Context 34 Informational Context

Precedents 42

Future State Issues, Mission and Goals

Cost Evaluation 56

Program Statement Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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State: Massachusetts

County: Plymouth County

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Town: Hingham, MA

Site: World’s End

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20’ FRONTAGE

World’s End is a conservation and park area located on a peninsula in Hingham, MA, one of Boston’s Harbor Islands. The site is accessible by commuter rail on the Greenbush line. It is the only Harbor Island that can be accessed year round by visitors. Its location is distant from Boston, yet still easily accessed through car or public transportation. In the 1880’s, Frederick Law Olmsted was hired by landowner John R. Brewer to prepare the land for a residential community. Olmsted’s design of curvilinear roads and trees were set into place, though the homes were never built. This however, left the land open for other development ideas - possibly building the United Nations headquarters on this site. This plan also never happened, due to a last minute gift from John D. Rockefeller who offered up a free site on the east side of Manhattan. In 1967, the site was acquired by the Trustees of Reservations and made into a public park, still widely used today.

Potential Building Site @ World’s End

Site Description Michelle Ungar | Thesis Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Site Diagrams Lynch Diagram

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Adjacent Land Use

Landmark

Residential

Node

Official/Open Space

District

Business

Path

Hull, MA

Edge

Transportation Nodes & Walking Radii

Potential Building Site @ World’s End

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MBTA - Nantasket Junction Parking Areas 5-Minute Walking Radius 10-Minute Walking Radius

Site Diagrams Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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8 9 4 10

2 11

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Site Photographs Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Spring Equinox Multi-use Dining Cabins Nurse Healing Main Lodge

8am

12pm

4pm

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Summer Solstice

Fall Equinox

Winter Solstice

8am

12pm

4pm

Site Sun Studies Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Site Visit #1 Sunday March 9, 2014 9:00am - 11:00am 30 degrees, clear skies Site Visit #2 TBD

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Orientation | Wayfinding

Density | Crowding

Wayfinding maps are placed throughout the sites paths

Some areas of the site, especially as you get farther out, the trees are much more densely packed

Traces | Adaptations

Adaptation: Benches have been added throughout the site for stopping points, and enjoying views

Adaptations: Site has been adapted to allow for proper water drainage

Trace: Muddy path shows footsteps and tracks

Adaptation/Trace: Trees have been cut down, adapting the site & leaving a trace that someone was here, modifying existing conditions

Adaptation: Paths have been adapted to allow for proper water drainage

Trace: Snowy path shows footsteps and tracks

Site Observations Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Documented Site Usage

Educational Use Dec 3244

Aug 50

Jan 4141

Nov 3661

Sept 20

July 40

Feb 3744

May 220

June 60

Oct 4306 March 3945

Sept 6329

April 5688

Additionally, a number of educational programs are offered on site from May through September, getting up to 220 participants. These activities include summer camps, adult educational walks, invasive plant removal days, and 3-4 volunteer work days.

Site Events May 4858

August 4699

July 5925

July 12

Oct 20

April 23

June 4738 June 3400

According to these site statistics from 2013, World’s End is most visited in the month of September, followed by July, then April. While no month has less than 3200 visitors, it is clear to see the popularity of the World’s End site.

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World’s End also partners up with the National Park Service for a few events throughout the year. In 2013, these events were held in April, July, and October. There is a summer solstice event every year in June, attracting 3400 guests last year, clearly the largest event that is held on the site.

Average Hingham Temperatures

Average Hingham Windspeed

Average Hingham Snowfall

Average Hingham Rainfall

US Averages

Site Statistics Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Significant Site Factors for Program Direction LOCATION | The site’s location will factor into the program direction because of its separation from city life. This will define areas for more calm, residential activities in a natural environment. ADJACENT LAND USE | With the majority of adjacent land use being residential neighborhoods,

this plays into the idea of having the residential program, a camp. This plays a major role in helping create a sense of community on the site.

TOPOGRAPHY | Using the site’s rolling hills, outdoor program can be inspired. While the topography

varies greatly throughout the entire site, different types of outdoor activities can be programmed.

DISTANCE FROM PARKING NODE | With the site in a location close to a 10 minute walk from

the closest existing parking node, this gives the feel that the site is beginning to separate from outside life. This sense of seclusion will help drive program ideas.

Summary Conclusions Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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TOWN OF HINGHAM

ACC O R

R AR

D RN

2013

Flood Zones (full report in Appendix pg. 86)

Legend BUSINESS A

INDUSTRIAL

RESIDENCE A

WATERFRONT RECREATION

BUSINESS B

INDUSTRIAL PARK

RESIDENCE B

HARBOUR OVERLAY DISTRICT

BUSINESS RECREATION

LIMITED INDUSTRIAL PARK

RESIDENCE C

WATERFRONT BUSINESS

INDUSTRIAL EXTENDING INTO WATERFRONT

RESIDENCE D

SOUTH HINGHAM DEVELOPMENT OVERLAY DISTRICT

OFFICE PARK

OFFICIAL AND OPEN SPACE

RESIDENCE E

DOWNTOWN OVERLAY DISTRICT

World’s End is in Flood Zone AE, an area subject to inundation by the 1% annual chance flood event. Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements and floodplain management standards apply.

PERSONAL WIRELESS SERVICES OVERLAY DISTRICT

10,000

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MASSACHUSETTSSOUTH HINGHAM DEVELOPMENT OVERLAY DISTRICT

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1. Data Source: July 2012 FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps, Accord Pond Watershed and Hingham Aquifer Protection District: Part C 1986 2. Revised February, 2013



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101 Accord Park MDrive RRILL S A ME Norwell, MA 02061 T 781-982-5400 www.col-col.com

RD D E WARW AV E

BE L

VIE

BA Y

RD L AIR BE

BEACH OCE AN

ALIC E

Developed by:

210 Central Street Hingham, MA 02043 781-741-1455

Town of Hingham Board of Assessors

Feet

HWY

HULL

MASSACHUSETTS

E ST

ACCORD POND WATERSHED AND

HINGHAM AQUIFER PROTECTION DISTRICT 210 Central Street Hingham, MA 02043 781-741-1455 Town of Hingham Zoning Department

210 Central Street Hingham, MA 02043 781-741-1494

Developed by: Developed by:

101 Accord Park Drive Norwell, MA 02061 781-982-5400 www.col-col.com

Zoning Report Official and Open Space District (OOS) Minimum Lot Size - 20’ frontage Maximum Height - 35’ FAR: 0.1 Max % which may be covered by all buildings - 10% Min Yard Dimensions: Front - 40’ Side - 40’ Rear - 40’

Building Code Report (full report in Appendix pg. 82) Special Requirements: • No building, structure, parking area or septic system shall be constructed within 100’ of a residence district. • A minimum of 15% of the area of each lot shall not be built upon, paved or parked upon, and shall be maintained either in its natural state or landscaped. • A green yard space not less than 20 feet wide shall be maintained open and green with grass, bushes, flowers or trees or any combination of them, along the entire length of each side lot line or rear lot line (except for entrance and exit driveways). • Site Plan Review shall be conducted by Planning Board or its designer. • Contiguous parcels separately deeded to the Town shall be considered a single parcel in application of minimum yard dimensions.

Accessibility Report (full report in Appendix pg. 83) Building Uses: residential occupancies, offices, community gathering space, storage Applicable Accessibility Requirements: 521 CMR MA AAB Regulations: Sections 8, 10, 11, 12, and 19 apply

Zoning & Codes Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children



Architectural and historical context have been studied for this section in order to learn about the town of Hingham, its surroundings, and how my project could act to bring others into the area or to better serve the community. A masterplan for my project displays the explorations I have discovered during site analysis. It shows the direction I am taking at this point, and the reasons for doing so. Recent demographic, and economic data from the town of Hingham are discussed as potential issues and how my project could potentially begin to improve some of these.

Architectural Context Old Ship Church Old Ship Church, built in 1681, is recognized as the oldest wooden church structure and the oldest church building in continuous use in America. In fact, it is the only Meeting House built in the 17th century in the U.S. that still exists. Old Ship Church has a community of about 250 members, including the more than 100 children that participate in their religious education program.

Old Derby Built in 1784 in the heart of Hingham Square, Derby School was established as the first coeducational school in the nation. The school has moved locations, but this original building now houses the Hingham Historical Society, while also hosting meetings and social functions. The building is open to the public, and encourage students to use the space as a resource for school papers and projects relating to Hingham’s history. Old Derby also is home to a gift shop. Guesthouse: 11 Steamboat Ln.

Old Ship Church: 107 Main St Old Derby: 34 Main Street



Historic Context Brief History

11 Steamboat Lane

Hingham dates back to 1633, when the Europeans first arrived and called the area Bare Cove. Hingham was established as the 12th town in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1681, 140 families were living in Hingham, and they raised money to construct the Old Ship Meeting House, still in use today - discussed on the previous page regarding Hingham’s significant architecture. In 1784, the Derby School was established as the first co-educational school in the nation. The school has moved, but the original building remains and houses the Hingham Historical Society, while also hosting meetings and social functions.

There was a proposal to demolish 11 Steamboat Lane, one of 240 homes still listed in the Hingham Historical and Architectural Inventory as of 2003. 11 Steamboat Lane is an example of a Shingle Style house usually favored on country and seaside sites.

In the 20th century, Hingham was dramatically changed by the war. In 1906, the Navy utilized 697 acres in North Hingham to store ammunition. Now known as Wompatuck State Park, this was the site used as the ammunition depot for World War II. The war employed thousands of workers at this time, a mass production of ships across 150 acres at the Hingham Harbor. Once the war years came to an end, there was a large need for housing and schools in order to accommodate men returning from service as well as the resulting baby boom. By the 1970’s, the town began to focus on acquiring land they could preserve as open space. Hingham to this day, still shows a priority for the environment as well as quality of life for its community members. Hingham is now primarily a residential community, and is connected to Boston through highway, commuter boat, bus, and the Greenbush commuter rail line. In the future, Hingham envisions continuing to preserve its town’s rich history, and protecting its open space.

11 Steamboat Lane was built in 1905, and remains on this historical site that imposes views overlooking Hingham Harbor. It was designed to be a guest house rather than a family home, which is why its size does not dominate other homes in the area. It has an architectural simplicity to it, with an interesting play on solid and void through its open porches, and overhanging roofs. This location is one of the most historically and architecturally significant early 20th century Shingle Style residences in the World’s End neighborhood. World’s End connects this neighborhood to the east and north, a 251-acre peninsula of two glacial drumlins joined by a beach, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. There are 3 Boston families that create the history of this house, who made Hingham their summer home and helped to form the center of Hingham’s summer colony. The main house on this site was demolished in 1944 when the couple who inherited the house got divorced. However, there still remains the guest house on the site. 11 Steamboat Lane is Hingham’s last physical connection to the family of the Governor who originally owned it, and this connection has helped make a significant contribution to the narrative of Hingham’s summer colony, an important time in Hingham’s history.

The main house (mansion) connected to the 'guesthouse' @ 11 Steamboat Lane (architect's rendering: 1891)

1928: Aerial of main & guesthouse, connected by a path

1917: Guesthouse @ 11 Steamboat Lane

1952: 11 Steamboat Lane

2008: 11 Steamboat Lane

Cultural Context Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children



“Coordinated effort to design buildings and landscape to work in harmony can also facilitate interaction by creating inviting outdoor places that draw people’s interest and encourage use of outdoor observation from indoors. This interaction is the instrument that acts as the catalyst for both physical and spiritual healing.”

Building Orientation A

Using pathways and existing site to orient and integrate buildings into the landscape

A B A

B 

[dis] C O N N E C T

Topography & Orientation How to maximize use of natural light

INTEGRATE

Building Locations

Respecting existing natural habitat and frequent users of the site

Built vs. Green

Providing ample programmed outdoor spaces for the children

Site Approach

Multiple paths leading to the same destination

RESOLVE

Masterplan: Site Strategy Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Race

Age

<25 25-44 45-64 >64

Sex

White Two or more races Asian Hispanic



African American

Female

American Indian

Male

Income - Hingham

vs.

Unemployment Rate (%)

Most Common Occupations Female (Hingham vs. MA)

Hingham

Male (Hingham vs. MA)

Income

Hingham This data displays the fact that the overwhelming majority of the population is white, and the largest percentage of inhabitants are under the age of 25. It is a town that houses more females than males, and is a dominantly young town, with almost 60% under the age of 44. It is an affluent city with the median household income at over $95,000. The Massachusetts median income is far less than this at just under $63,000. The percentage of family households in Hingham is 74.7% while in the whole state is only 63%. This shows that with more families and children in the town, they would most likely be more supportive to the addition of the healing retreat at World’s End.

Female Male Median Household Income

In regards to employment data, the unemployment rate has been pretty consistent with the recession in 2009, with the unemployment rate falling back down since then. In the charts representing most common female and male occupations, it is clear that Hingham has a much larger percentage of higher paying common jobs than in the state of MA as a whole, confirming the town’s affluence.

Demographic & Economic Data Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children



Comfort Zone Camp Comfort Zone Camp was founded in 1998 in Richmond, VA by Lynne Hughes, author of the bereavement book for teens, You Are Not Alone. Comfort Zone Camp is a nonprofit organization that changes the lives of children who have experienced loss of someone close to them. The camps are free, and include confidence building programs and age-based support groups to break the emotional isolation that often comes with grief. The camps are offered to children ages 7-17 and are held year-round across the country. The main offices are in CA, MA, NJ, and VA. Their mission is to provide grieving children with a voice, a place and a community in which to heal, grow and lead more fulfilling lives. The camps are powered by their campers and their instinctual ability to help each other heal. Being in the presence of a strong support network will help children to reach their full potential. Comfort Zone Camp’s design was developed based on the advice from child grief therapists. Comfort Zone Camp envisions a world where grieving children are not forgotten or left to grieve alone, and are supported by a wide community that understands and appreciates them. Often when children go through this type of event, they are forced to become “mini adults” before their time. This is a place where they can become kids again, and be around others who also ‘get it.’

“ safe environment ...a

that is

non-threatening ” Interview #1 (full interview in Appendix pg. 80) Social Worker: Tonimarie Perry

Tonimarie is an in-home therapist working with adolescents ages 1017 who have experienced all sorts of trauma, including traumatic loss. The most important aspect for a child receiving any type of therapy is that they are in a safe, non-threatening environment. Specifically nature, which Toni says is always a soothing and safe place for children to heal.

“ T h e magnitude of the responsibility to help your child cope with such a great loss is infinitely overwhelming. Comfort Zone gave my boys tools to cope and empowered them to help themselves.” – CZC Camper Parent



In order for children to feel this sense of safety, one major thing is confidentiality and the need for children to receive individual as well as group therapy. For the child to figure out how they best cope, they should be given a “box of tools” by their therapist, in which they can then figure out which method works best for them since everybody heals differently. Additionally, animals can also be used as a form of therapy. This is a unique tool that really helps children heal.

Interview #2 (full interview in Appendix pg. 80)

Interview #3 (full interview in Appendix pg. 81)

Planner/Investigator for DCF: Lisa Williford

Community Member: Frank Smith

In Lisa’s experiences, she sees the need for a more immediate retreat where children can go to experience their loss. While she deals with more emergency situations, Lisa thinks that after the traumatic loss of for example, a parent, a child endures too much by the loss itself in addition to being uprooted away from their normal everyday lives. We need to help them figure out a way to deal with this trauma while keeping the rest of their lives as stable as possible.

World’s End is not an overly packed place. At its busiest, there is always an awareness of other people around even if they are not in closer proximity; it never feels overly crowded. It is a family-friendly place because of its safety and ease of getting to. Although the lot seems small, Frank has never had a parking issue, and he is a frequent user of the site. Since the site is so big, even in the summer it feels remote, like you are in the woods even though there is a lot of open space. In winter, there is not much snow because it’s close to the ocean and sun is always hitting the hills to melt it.

Having kids come back to the healing retreat more than once is absolutely necessary and helpful. Something that could help is to split the children up at times based on the type of death since kids tend to internalize certain scenarios differently such as suicide, overdose, or accidental death. It is also important to include the parents/caretakers in their healing process, and to provide at least a day at this healing retreat for these individuals who are providing direct care to the children. This will give them a better understanding of how to care for them.

People are die-hard about World’s End, and may feel strongly about the idea of building on the site unless it is designed in a way that respects the natural habitat. Frank also suggests that the building should really give something back to the site, and offer something up for the frequent users who could benefit from the addition of a building here. Overall, the town would not be affected by this since the site in not really part of the town’s ‘central fabric.’

Informational Context Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children



The following pages are a collection of four precedent studies. Each provide examples of relationships to my thesis between the site and its surroundings, the project topic, proposed materiality, and combination of program spaces. As my thesis aims to solve certain issues related to children, healing, procession, connection to site and organization of buildings on the site, each of these precedent studies will be analyzed through studying boundary, transition spaces, and symmetry / balance.

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Ranco House | Elton+Leniz Location: Lago Ranco, Chile Completion: 2010

In relation to my thesis ideas and concepts, this project adapts to its existing site while respecting views, trees, and the existing natural landscape. The materiality is mostly wood, with a shingle roof. The house is compared to that of a tree house, integrating the interior and exterior, and facing views toward the landscape.

Think Tank Retreat | RMA Location: Valpoi, Goa, India Completion: 2009

The Think Tank Retreat is both a living space and an alternate health center. Each space acts independently from one another, connected through a “common plinth.” Related to my thesis ideas of separate cabins for each program space integrated through the landscape, the Think Tank combines these ideas of solitude, living together, and healing all within the same project.

Cabin on Flathead Lake | Andersson Wise Location: Polson, Montana Completion: Unknown

This project is described as a place to observe the natural world. Its architecture is set into the slope of the landscape giving it a better sense that the architecture is not an addition to the landscape, but actually acts as a part of it. This gives a feel of groundedness, developing a sense of safety on the site.

House of Children in Saunalahti | JKMM Location: Espoo, Finland Completion: 2010

The first floor of House of Children is a daycare center. There are public spaces, nurseries, as well as areas for technical program and staff. The design of the building is focused on children, and is intended to incorporate fairytale images into their play areas. This project will help give me a better sense of designing for a children’s environment.

Precedent Studies Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children



Ranco House | Elton & Leniz Location: Lago Ranco, Chile Completion: 2010



Diagrammatic Analysis | Boundary

Diagrammatic Analysis | Transition

Diagrammatic Analysis | Symmetry / Balance Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Think Tank Retreat | RMA Location: Valpoi, Goa, India Completion: 2009



Diagrammatic Analysis | Boundary

Diagrammatic Analysis | Transition

Diagrammatic Analysis | Symmetry / Balance Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Cabin on Flathead Lake | Andersson Wise Location: Polson, Montana Completion: Unknown



Diagrammatic Analysis | Boundary

Diagrammatic Analysis | Transition

Diagrammatic Analysis | Symmetry / Balance Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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House of Children | JKMM Location: Espoo, Finland Completion: 2010

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Diagrammatic Analysis | Boundary

Diagrammatic Analysis | Transition

Diagrammatic Analysis | Symmetry / Balance Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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1. Issue: Sub-issue:

Boundary: How to dissolve physical and emotional boundaries

2. Issue: Sub-issue:

Flexibility: Camp’s are usually only suitable for summer needs to be adaptable for all seasons

3. Issue: Sub-issue:

Connection: Site is away from city / home - how to create this connection

4. Issue: Sub-issue:

Safety: Site is open and large - how to make it feel smaller and safe creating seclusion and safety in one space

5. Issue: Sub-issue:

Disconnect: Site is off the grid electricity, water

6. Issue: Sub-issue:

Transition: site is open / free-flowing - allowing users to feel stress --> calm

7. Issue: Sub-issue:

Emotion: how to evoke emotional feelings through entry

indoor/outdoor, dissolving with nature

enhancing natural beauty through views

entry sequence

evoking feeling, struggle, strength, resolution

Issues Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Mission To create a therapeutic community for children that inspires the healing process through integration of natural elements and calming spaces. Providing spaces where children can bond with each other while overcoming similar struggles of losing someone close to them, learning how to gain confidence as they continue the transition into adulthood. To encourage interaction with others by providing architecture that integrates with the natural landscape. The mission statement provides clarity as to how the spaces will foster interaction between children and their surroundings. Through this transition time in their lives, they will be faced with struggles, and learn how to cope with them to find resolution. Architecture will serve as a means to recreate these times of

Goals 1. This nature retreat for children should integrate natural elements with architecture in a setting away from the city environment to enhance and encourage the healing process in a calming space. 2. The project should provide year-round buildings and spaces that can be used by children once during each season for a few days at a time. The buildings should be flexible and adaptable to all seasons. 3. The site should create an environment that feels secluded yet safe, relaxed, and therapeutic. 4. Through architecture, the retreat should create a community and a ‘pathway’ that children can learn from. Architectural spaces can be used to teach children how struggle gets easier with time once we learn coping strategies for how to get through it. Each time, it gets easier and we feel more confident. The spaces should be designed to evoke these emotions.

Mission & Goals Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Stargazing Firepit 500 SF Fitness 2000 SF 1500 SF

Firepit Stargazing Area Fitness Multi-Use Nurse Office

Multi-use Dining Camper Cabins 7800 SF

Multi-Use 5100 SF

Healing Space

Nurse Healing

Dining Hall Meditation

Cabins

735’

Staff Cabin 1500 SF Nurse Office 1300 SF

Main Lodge

Main Lodge 3200 SF Dining Hall 4800 SF

Staff Cabin

Main Lodge

Camper Cabins

Meditation 3000 SF

Healing Space 1800 SF

Total SF: 32,500 Administration Costs Contingencies Professional Fees Movable Equipment Site Development Fixed Equipment Building Cost

Admin Costs Contingencies $38,130 $399,750 Prof. Fees $239,850 Movable Equip. $260,000 Site Devel. $487,500

90’

Fixed Equip. $260,000 Building Cost $3,250,000

$100/SF Building Efficiency Factor: Net/Gross = 23,547 SF / 32,500 SF

= .72

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500’

Cost Evaluation Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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The following pages are a collection of four case studies. Each provide examples of relationships to my thesis between the site and its surroundings, the project topic, proposed materiality, combination of program spaces, and implied proposed program elements. As my thesis aims to solve certain issues related to children, healing, community, connection to site and organization of buildings on the site, each of these studies discuss the relationships between my proposed project of a healing space for children.

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Haystack Mountain | Edward Larrabee Barnes Location: Deer Isle, ME Completion: 1950 Haystack was founded in 1950 by a group of craft artists. Haystack Mountain is a School of Crafts located in mid-coast Maine on the Atlantic Ocean, about 250 miles from Boston. It is designed as an ‘overnight camp’ setting, connected to its surrounding natural elements. Its ability to create a sense of community and interaction between visitors is an admirable part of its project that I aim to incorporate into my Healing Retreat for Children.

Kamp Kill Kare | William West Durant Location: Lake Kora in the Adirondacks Completion: 1899

Kamp Kill Kare is located in the Adirondacks, one of the oldest locations for a camp of this type. It’s integration into the natural environment creates a secluded home for its campers while also creating a sense of its own community. Its strategy of bringing natural elements into the interior spaces helps to feel that connection to the greater outdoors.

Art Therapy Location: All Over the World Invention: 1942

Art Therapy is a therapeutic discipline benefiting a large population over the world. It is one of the first things that mental health professionals do when working with disturbed or traumatized children. There is no time frame for grief or mourning, and everyone mourns differently, yet one proven effective way to help children deal with this grief is through art therapy.

Think Tank Retreat | RMA Location: Valpoi, Goa, India Completion: 2009

Case Studies Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Haystack Mountain Deer Isle, ME HISTORY:

Haystack Mountain, founded in 1950, is a School of Crafts located in mid-coast Maine on the Atlantic Ocean, about 250 miles from Boston. The school is located on a cliff overlooking Jericho Bay on 40 acres of quiet, wooded land. Students here are exposed to a variety of different art workshops, which they apply for attendance in the summer months. They live, eat, and work at the school. People come to Haystack to “develop and discover skills, to nurture their creativity, to ask questions, to reassess their work, and to push into the unknown.” It is the unique natural setting that enhances this idea of pushing into the unknown, and allowing the students to let go of the outside world and dive into their creative thoughts.

RELATION TO THESIS CONCEPT:

A site in a wooded, rural area A site inspiring social interaction between strangers A site connected to surrounding natural elements Feeling of peace, learning, leisure, and relaxation that the project seems to radiate • The idea of procession into the space • Relationship to the overnight summer camp feel • These ideas relate to my concept of letting go of the stresses of the outside world. As you enter the space, you feel a sense of freedom falling away from the city, and allow yourself and your mind to get lost in its natural surroundings • • • •

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A site built on the side of a cliff overlooking the Jericho Bay on the Atlantic Ocean

A path through the woods, on the site of Haystack Mountain

Social interaction on the deck outside one of the artist studios. Shows collaboration, and bonding between individuals

This central stairway is what first grabs visitor’s attention. It is lined on either side by cedar-shingled studios, a dining hall, and student/faculty cabins

Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Kamp Kill Kare

Lake Kora in the Adirondacks HISTORY:

In 1899, Kamp Kill Kare was described as “a palatial log home in the heart of the hills.” In 1903, it was described as “one of the most elaborate and picturesque in the mountains.” Another writer thought of it as more “unique and cozy.” The entrance to the camp is a pathway that leads you past the service complex and through towering pine trees, eventually giving way to the beautiful view of the lake. Kill Kare has major buildings that are arranged around an interior court, which is a common set up for camps of this type. How Kamp Kill Kare differs from others is the fact that a lot of its buildings were combined into one main building, whereas other camps separate buildings based on function. “The main lodge here was essentially a set of interconnected structures, creating a beautifully active composition from afar of horizontal and vertical elements rising in a long succession of low log forms from Lake Kora to the top of the ridge.” This building sat on a hill and became the main focus of the camp. The use of stone is seen throughout the main camp, particularly in the fireplaces and chimneys that take over many rooms of the camp, also adding to the rustic nature of the site.

RELATION TO THESIS CONCEPT:

• The way that natural elements are brought into the interior architecture • Natural wooded site • Feeling of seclusion yet community at the same time • Natural materiality of the buildings (wood and stone) • Creation of a common ground for people to gather is a strategy for social interaction. • The idea of procession as one enters into the camp • Aspects of overnight camp: a place that you believe is beautiful because it is your summer home, a place where you can feel cozy and safe, and a place that feels different from any place you’ve been before - unique to your own camps’ traditions, environment, and surroundings.

An aerial view of the main lodge and boathouse

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“Kamp Kill Kare’s siting, structure, and details create a harmonious whole.”

A main bedroom with natural elements and rustic materials adding to its character

The main lodge, appearing as detached cabins to lessen its scale, on the hill leading down to Lake Kora

Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Art Therapy HISTORY:

Art is just as much a part of our life as speech, taste, sight, and hearing. Drawing as a means of communication is more ancient than language, a fact that helps bring some of its importance back to the surface. Art therapy uses the creative process of art to help people of all ages to resolve conflicts, develop social skills, reduce stress, increase self-esteem, and achieve insight. “Art is a type of communication, and when it enters the environment it produces its effects just as any other form of action does.” More than just looking for a diagnosis in which to use art therapy as a recovery mechanism, we can also look at art as a type of enjoyment experience “the simple experience of creative expression has a healing effect.”

RELATION TO THESIS CONCEPT: • • • •

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The idea of going somewhere for a therapeutic activity Act of relieving stress through creativity Benefits of social interaction If thinking about an enjoyment experience, whether creating art or thinking about something completely unrelated to art, it can be a stressreducer, take our minds off of life’s realities, and bring us into a new world of freedom and relaxation.

The Process & its Benefits One of the first things that mental professionals do when working with traumatized children is giving them art supplies and letting them express themselves. Children love artwork. It is an excellent way to reach kids who are grieving the loss of a significant person from their lives.

“At the deepest level, the creative process and the healing process arise from a single source; a wordless trust of the same mystery is the foundation of your work and its integrity.” Sometimes the most satisfying emotional release is the actual making of the art, the creative process and not the final results.

“...create from your soul”

Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Think Tank Retreat Valpoi, Goa, India

HISTORY:

This project is described as a place to observe the natural world. It contains eight living units as well as a health center including massage rooms, meditation spaces, a conference area, and kitchen. The interior has a natural cross ventilation, and its double roof structure provides built-in insulation. Its architecture is set into the slope of the landscape giving it a better sense that it is not an addition to the landscape, but actually acts as a part of it. This gives a feel of groundedness, developing a sense of safety on the site.

RELATION TO THESIS CONCEPT: • • • • •

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a healing space set into the slope of the natural landscape feels open yet contains spaces of peace of meditation wood and stone materiality - natural feel surrounded by trees - feel grounded

Boundary

Hierarchy

Additive / Subtractive

Symmetry / Balance

Massing

Circulation to Use-Space

Transition

Repetitive to Unique

Geometry asymmetry to the space | almost no enclosed spaces | open floor plan | abundance of circulation space | natural light creating sense of peace | loft breakaway spaces for private time/meditation | enclosed walls upon entry creates feeling of safety | juxtaposition of heavy material next to glass and light | maze-like circulation pattern relates metaphorically to my thesis topic - helping children find comfort in times of struggle. A maze is something that is difficult but can be resolved, similar to a child going through a traumatic life experience

Unit to Whole

Structure

Summary

Case Study Analysis Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Procession

Transition | Emotion

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Pathway

THE SKETCH PROBLEM FOCUSED ON ISSUES RELATED TO THE SITE AND BUILDING ENTRANCES. I FOCUSED ON A FEW DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR THE APPROACH TO MY HEALING RETREAT FOR CHILDREN.

Procession:

My project is about the idea of coming away from city life, into a calming natural environment. This requires a procession through the site in order to stray away from the boundaries where most activity takes place.

Pathway: Creating a pathway for visitors to travel, providing areas of interest along the way. Circulation

is the space between the buildings, becoming an important space. Adding some excitement to bring the users in through this pathway is a project goal.

Transition:

The transition from the site’s entrance into the campgrounds relates to the goals of procession and pathway, enabling a sense that the users are transitioning from city life into a healing space.

Emotion: Emotion ties into the goal of transition.

As the children come into the space, the main goal before they return home is to overcome an emotional struggle. The entry into the spaces is the beginning of this emotional transition.

The sketch and model are representative of this idea of coming into the site feeling very closed-off, and through the experiences of procession, pathway, transition, and emotion, the children will eventually be able to open up, close their wounds, and move on with life in a new and different way - one of confidence and strength.

Close & Open:

As a metaphor for healing, the children probably come into the space very closed off and lonely. Slowly as they travel into and through the camp for the few days they are there, they will begin to open up. Contrary to this, children come into the camp with an open wound that will begin to heal through their experiences on the site.

Close & Open

Sketch Problem Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Discussing Difficult Topics With Your Children Provide simple, yet accurate information Don’t overshare, but explain in an age-appropriate way what

happened. If the child asks questions that you don’t know how to answer, you could simply say that you don’t know or ask the child “what do you think?”

Reassure the child, but don’t lie to them Pretending that tragic events don’t happen will only hurt the child.

Acknowledge the child’s feelings Tell the child that you can understand they are sad or hurt, and

tell them you are sad too so they feel they are not alone. This helps to reassure that these feelings are normal.

Maintain regular routines and provide enough opportunity for ‘play’ Keeping a regular routine will make the child feel more secure.

Playing helps the child cope with stress and express their feelings. In order to respond to the child appropriately, the adult also needs to make sure they properly take care of themselves so they can offer the care that is required.

“...such a cultural denial and the

Struggle 

STRENGTH

heal

lack of integration of death into the natural processes of life results

in a socio-cultural failure to develop attitudes of acceptance toward this natural phenomenon.”

”Only through

“Parents who do not allow their child to be involved in death related activities due to their own confusion or to protect the child may not be helping the child develop a full appreciation for life cycle adjustments. These children often have more confusion and greater need for support during life transitions.”

coming to terms with death can young people

My thesis responds to the responsibility of adults and children in local and global areas. It discusses and explores topics that relate to everyone in the world, something that everyone at some point will go through, and it is a space to better that experience for children and to teach adults how to address these issues with children.

come to terms

It is a space that focuses on the health and well-being of children following the death of someone close to them. My program will respond to the struggles they face and the challenges they must overcome in order to continue into a confident and healthy adulthood.

with life.”

I will look at the idea of healing gardens as well as a medical-type perspective in order to bring different aspects and disciplines to this wooded retreat space. It will bring people together to overcome challenging and stressful times in their life. Childhood and environmental psychology will also shed a light on my thesis topic and help to drive the design and ideas of the built forms.

Health & Wellness Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Camper Thoughts

“I didn’t like to talk about my father’s death, when I thought about him, I cried. When I went to Comfort Zone, they helped me. Now I love talking about my dad.” (Reba, 9, MO) “It’s amazing. Everyone at CZC has been through what I have. We are all in this together.” (Lexi, 21, KS) “Each camp makes me feel like my soul has taken a shower. My loss has been the mud puddle, and Comfort Zone helps clean it off of me.” (Tyler, 12, NJ) “It’s the most amazing place and it’s so much fun, and it’s more than helpful. It’s changed my life.” (Sydney, 14, NJ)

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What Works For CZC

• Healing circles broken up by age • Round tables in cafeteria to be used at night for games • Having few distractions in rooms • More active activities for the younger campers • Each camper to have a big buddy • 69 - 72 campers per camp

Client Suggestions For Improvement

• Large common space with good technology (projection system, good speakers) • Big open field for running games • Display positive words • Environment to feel like nothing is around them • Golf carts to get around quickly • Lots of trees • Be able to feel the outdoors / fresh air • Built-in fans inside camper cabins (white noise) • Cabins should have front porch • An animal (ex. baby chick) that children could cuddle/nurture

Possible Additions For Thesis

A meditation space would be very helpful & beneficial. It could incorporate quiet spaces to lie down, as well as some spaces that feel ‘tucked in.’ It would include spaces for larger groups as well as more individualized areas. Since everyone heals differently, we need to offer multiple options. An outdoor pavilion area where children could come to relax, sit, talk or participate in art projects. It would be a covered space that feels protected, yet open to the fresh air. A kitchen for campers to cook healthy meals together, separate from the main staff kitchen.

omfort one amp was founded in 1998 in Richmond, VA by Lynne Hughes, author of the bereavement book for teens, You Are Not Alone. Comfort Zone Camp is a nonprofit organization that changes the lives of children who have experienced loss of someone close to them. The camps are free, and include confidence building programs and age-based support groups that break the emotional isolation grief often brings. The camps are offered to children ages 7-17 and are held year-round across the country.

Mission

Providing grieving children with a voice | creating a community in which to heal | allowing the children to grow confidence to lead more fulfilling lives | giving children the opportunity to help each other heal | focusing on the children’s transition into adulthood | creating a strong support network | creating an environment where children know and feel they are not alone | teaching children not to get rid of their grief, but to evolve with it

Client Representative Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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QUALIFICATIONS Michelle Ungar Address:

1799 Beacon Street Apt. 2 Brookline, MA 02445 michelleungar@gmail.com

Summary:

Other Professional Experience:

Determined, motivated, independent individual with well-defined organizational skills

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS | TA for Sustainable Living Class | Spring 2010

Education:

HILLEL HOUSE | Fundraiser | September 2007 - May 2010 HILLEL HOUSE | Fundraising Supervisor | September 2009 - May 2010

Design Skills:

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CAMP PEMBROKE | Counselor | June 2005 - August 2008 CAMP PEMBROKE | Counselor Trainer | Summer2009

Volunteer Experience:

Strong Personality Traits Include:

Self motivated | Dependable | Open-minded | Determined | Responsible

THESIS I SCHEDULE OF REVIEWS Introductory Review Week of September 15th, 2014

Discussion of Issues | Recap of Thesis Seminar & Studio

Preliminary Review Week of October 20th, 2014 Thesis Concept | Site | Program | Conceptual Schemes

Schematic Review Week of December 8th, 2014

Thesis Concept | Site | Building Organization | Architectural Character | Building Systems

THESIS II SCHEDULE OF REVIEWS Design Development Review Week of March 9th, 2015

Thesis Concept | Site Design | Architectural Design | Building Systems | Other Technical Issues

Final Review Week of April 20th, 2015

Architectural Drawings | Building & Wall Sections | Materiality | Systems Concept | Perspectives

Final Book Due May 8th, 2015

Qualifications & Requirements Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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“ArchDaily.” ArchDaily. N.p., n.d. Web.

Arch Daily was extremely useful in finding precedent studies related to my thesis concept.

Arnold, Julie. Habitat for Artistic Expression. Thesis. Boston Architectural College, 2002.

This is a thesis that I can use for reference when developing spaces and ideas. The similarity of wanting to create spaces for children that allow them to feel comfortable and safe in their environment is important to both of our projects. For children to express emotion, they need to feel comfortable in their surroundings. For this reason, it is a major element of my project to provide this comfort, and a reason for Julie Arnold’s thesis to be a good reference project for me.

“Boston Harbor Islands Trip Planner | Worlds End | Boston Harbor Islands.”Boston Harbor Islands Trip Planner | Worlds End | Boston Harbor Islands. N.p., n.d. Web. This site provided me with useful site information such as travel information, open hours, and activities that occur on the site.

“Comfort Zone Camp - Bereavement Camp for Children.” Comfort Zone Camp - Bereavement Camp for Children. N.p., n.d. Web.

Comfort Zone Camp has provided me with an extensive amount of useful information regarding my thesis topic and project. Comfort Zone Camp is a camp for grieving children offered in locations all over the country.

“Coping with Grief and Loss.” : Support for Grieving and Bereavement. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Mar. 2014. <http://www.helpguide.org/mental/grief_loss.htm>.

This website has helped me to understand how people go about dealing with loss in a number of different ways. Everybody is different, everyone takes their own amount of time for grieving, and understanding this is key to helping a person heal. From this, I can pull out specific information that will help drive the design for creating a better environment for coping through architecture and design. Another main idea I took away from this was the idea of art and creativity as a means for healing. Especially for children who may not always know how to express themselves in words, can use their creativity and hands to express themselves nonverbally.

Cox, Helen M., and Colin A. Holmes. “Loss, Healing, and the Power of Place.” Human Studies 23.1 (2000): 63-78. JSTOR. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.

“When one’s primary dwelling places are filled with pain, the natural environment becomes the place of refuge.” Understanding through this article that we need to recreate spaces that give the feeling of ‘at-homeness.’ Although in a new environment, these spaces that give off the sense of comfort, and safety are the ones that people will respond most positively to: “the celebration of nature as a healing force was evident.”

Curtis, Sarah. Space, Place and Mental Health. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub., 2010. Print.

This book shares an overview of research on mental health from a geographic perspective. It explains why space and place are important for mental health of individuals. From this book, I will take away facts about the types of spaces and places that are most beneficial for individuals to experience. It will assist in my design ideas of how to integrate architecture into the process of emotional healing.

Day, Christopher. Environment and Children: Passive Lessons from the Everyday Environment. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd, 2007.

Day, in this book Environment and Children, develops ideas about the development of children in the built environment. He studies ways that spaces can affect a growing child. His purpose is to show the readers that there are many different environmental factors that become important in the process of designing a space. He studies issues, learning/teaching environments, etc. This source will be highly valuable to my paper due to the fact of all the different environmental factors described for children in the developmental stages in life. Understanding how children develop in a more social/psychological sense is information that will come from this source.

Gesler, Wilbert M. Healing Places. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. Print.

This book focuses on all aspects of healing, not just physical or emotional, but the whole well-rounded spectrum that a healing environment can provide. It discussed historical examples of healing, as well as current-day beliefs and rituals about the topic. Spiritual, emotional, and physical ideas are talked about, which leads to ideas about different architectural spaces that can provide the types of spaces needed for individuals who need all different types of healing. Additionally, a couple precedent studies are mentioned which informs us about what aspects worked and didn’t work, and what could be improved upon for future projects.

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Haas, Steven A. “The Longterm Effects of Poor Childhood Health.” Demography 44.1 (2007): 113-35. Springer. Web. 02 Mar. 2014.

This article demonstrates studies done to compare childhood health in relation to how this child develops and maintains health in their adulthood. There seems to be a direct correlation between the two, which stresses the importance of maintaining a healthy life during childhood. Having poor childhood health greatly increases the risk for chronic disease and poor health in adulthood. This article plays a role in strengthening my case that it is important to help children maintain a healthy lifestyle, both physically and mentally and directing them through struggles they may encounter as a young person. Dealing with struggles at a young age makes for a more successful life overall.

Hendricks, Barbara E. Designing for Play. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2011.

Hendricks, in this book Designing for Play, looks at a new approach to the design of play spaces. While it is not a ‘how-to’ book on designing these spaces, it is about a new perspective, one that looks at design from the ‘child’s eye’. It is their view of the world that inspires these designs. This source will be beneficial to my research because it will allow me to get inside a child’s mind and figure out what they want out of a play space. This can relate back to how they learn best, and in what spaces they feel most comfortable. I can then imply from this the development and growth of the child and in what types of spaces they interact best with others.

“Hingham Heritage Visitor Center at Old Derby.” Hingham Historical Society. N.p., n.d. Web.

Historically, Old Derby is an important landmark for Hingham, MA described by the information found on this webpage.

“Hingham, MA Income and Economy.” Hingham, MA Economic Data. N.p., n.d. Web.

Here I was able to find statistical data regarding the town of Hingham in comparison with the United States. It was useful regarding all forms of demographic and economic data, and well as information on climate and weather conditions.

“How Much Does It Cost to Build a Log Cabin.” - Ask.com. N.p., n.d. Web.

Information about the cost of building a camp-type structure was useful information that I got from this website. This was one factor that helped me to determine the cost per square foot of my program.

Kaiser, Harvey H. Great Camps of the Adirondacks. Boston: D.R. Godine, 1982. Print.

This book clearly discusses the relationships between a camp environment and the outdoors. It discusses the history of many camps and how they came to be. With my thesis topic relating back to the ideas and qualities of an overnight camp, this book has given me true insight into how these spaces provide for its users. It discusses architectural styles and materials that I wish for my retreat to embody in order to give that rustic feel to the site. It brings users away from the modern-day world, and into a place of relaxation and peace. Just as it discusses in this book when it comes to camps, I have the same reasons for choosing a site: available views, access, and tree-protected waterfront. Additionally, structures are discussed as being an outgrowth of and harmonizing with the site, something I wish for mine to embody as well.

Marcus, Clare Cooper., and Marni Barnes. Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations. New York: Wiley, 1999. Print.

The authors in this book describe a garden setting in a new way: “a place where children are in control of their environment rather than being controlled by it.” This could be a major driving force in my design ideas for a healing center for children. It is about the ideas of children getting away from their normal lives where they are overwhelmed with emotion and controlled by it. However, in this new space, I can create an environment that they feel comfortable, a place where they feel they can roam about on their own, while being in control of the paths they decide to take.

Moore, Christine M. “Teaching about Loss and Death to Junior High School Students.”Family Relations 38.1 (1989): 3-7. National Council on Family Relations. Web.

“Providing an opportunity to explore death-related events with the support of understanding adults may help mitigate impact of events on children.” This article discusses the philosophy that should be taught to children at a young age to accept death. It is about helping children to realize both positive and negative ways to deal with crisis and how to come to terms with it. This is helping in my research due to the fact that it is giving me fuel to drive design ideas further. It is giving me ideas to help realize the type of help that children need, and that this healing center for children is something that could truly benefit them during times that other adults in their lives cannot seem to handle giving them the true care and attention that they need.

Annotated Bibliography Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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News and Announcements from Jack: What Is the Turnkey Cost for a Log Home? N.p., n.d. Web.

This was another website that helped to determine the cost of building log cabins as a residential project.

O’Connor, Aidan and Juliet Kinchin. Century of the Child: Growing by Design. New York: MoMA, 2012.Feb. 2014.

O’Connor and Kinchin, in their book Century of the Child, looks at how art and design can be used to create a better world for children. For my research, it will be beneficial in the way that at looks at different types of children in relation with different styles of art and architecture. It will be good in comparing how different types of children learn and grow in different types of settings, which could eventually inspire architectural form and design.

“Old Ship Church.” Old Ship Church. N.p., n.d. Web.

The website for Old Ship Church provided historical data for this building in regards to the town of Hingham and its importance to the town’s existence.

Press, Ginko. Play: Indoor & Outdoor. Berkeley: Sandu Publishing Co., Limited, 2011.

This book discusses the creativity of children’s spaces and the unique ways that children interact with and learn from them. One key ingredient found in play spaces ranging from daycares, to schools, to playgrounds, etc, is that children need to be involved in the design of these spaces. Having their input really is what helps these designs become successful. In this way, this source will be important to my research, having this input from a young child as part of the design process. It is a new perspective. This also will benefit my research since it is discussing new types of spaces such as daycares and schools. I will be able to compare the environments and spatial qualities here to that of camps and see which qualities overlap. This will help me prove what types of spaces are imperative to children by seeing where these ideas overlap.

“The Stages of Grief” Recover From Grief. N.p., n.d. Web.

Stages of grief described here were helpful in understanding the process one goes through when dealing with such a traumatic life event. I am beginning to understand how I can provide certain elements in my program for the children going through this healing process.

Sternberg, Esther M. Healing Spaces: The Science of Place and Well-being. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2009. Print. “Sternberg is a physician who healed herself by going back to ancient truths known by the Greeks, and proving them. With her scientific expertise and crystal-clear prose, she illuminates how intimately the brain and the immune system talk to each other, and how we can use place and space, sunlight and music, to reboot our brains and move away from illness to health.”

Tyson, Martha M. The Healing Landscape: Therapeutic Outdoor Environments. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998. Print.

In this book The Healing Landscape, Tyson describes the importance of being a part of the natural environment. In a medical sense, gardens have recently been incorporated into hospital environments as a place for viewing from indoor rehabilitation centers, or for experiencing first hand through outdoor pathways. In any case, there is proof that this type of space acts as a catalyst for both physical and spiritual healing: “The common foundation is a simple truth that as humans, we are part of the larger created natural world; therefore we can assert that we are designed to live in harmony with the world of nature.”

Walker, William H. C., and Willard Walker. A History of World’s End. Milton, MA: Trustees of Reservations, 1973. Print.

This book explains the complete history of the World’s End site. It gave me insight into how the site was used in historic times, and the process of how it got to where it is today.

Watts, Ann. Every Nursery Needs A Garden. London: Routledge, 2011.

Watts, in her book, Every Nursery Needs A Garden, is a thoughtful look at how children interact with natural elements. She studies the reasons that children need a space like this in the developmental stage in their life, and how it can support or enhance their growth. This source is a different look on how children learn through their surroundings, and looks at a different kind of environment than has been touched on in any other source. It shows how this is just one of many ways that children can successfully learn and develop at a young age.

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Weber, Joseph A., and David G. Fournier. “Family Support and a Child’s Adjustment to Death.” Family Relations 34.1 (1985): 43-49. JSTOR. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.

This article discusses the importance of communication with children when it comes to death-related topics. Keeping this information from them hinders their developmental process of healing and understanding the events that have occurred. In relation to my thesis project, it allows me to understand that the child needs to express their emotions, and needs to be able to discuss their feelings in order to fully heal from the traumatic event. In interviews, the child has even expressed their desire to talk about the death that has occurred.

Williams, Allison. Therapeutic Landscapes. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007. Print.

This book discusses concepts and strategies for therapeutic spaces in both the natural and built environment. This will help me to figure out how I can integrate both these environment types together to create spaces for children that are beneficial in the medical and physical senses. The focus on the medical/health aspect of this book is different in terms of how the author is thinking about the landscape which will give me a different perspective on my research.

Annotated Bibliography Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Full Interviews

Interview 1 | Tonimarie Perry | Social worker

Q: What exactly do you do, and what age children do you work with? A: My degree is in social work and I am an in-home therapist and work with adolescents ages 10-17 who have experienced all different types of trauma such as physical, sexual, emotional abuse, neglect, witnessed domestic violence, and traumatic loss as well. Q: What environment do you generally provide for children who have experienced loss? A: Especially when a child has experienced a loss, the number one thing we recommend is a support group for not just the children but for the parents as well. The most important aspects of children receiving any type of therapy, should include a safe environment that is non-threatening. In our offices, we use things such as comfortable chairs or bean bag chairs, warm colors, and just create a cozy environment. I think the setting of your retreat is right on; Nature is always a soothing environment and usually a safe place for children to heal. Q: What are types of things that make a child feel safe / help the healing process? A: An important piece is confidentiality. When providing support groups or group therapy, that is just one piece of the tool to help a child heal. The second piece is for the child to receive individual therapy as well. Every child experiences and deals with trauma differently which is why it is important for them to receive individual therapy as well as the group setting. The group setting is so that the child knows that they are not alone and have someone with whom they can relate. A lot of times, talking in a group setting can trigger a child and they can become emotionally deregulated which is why it is always important to have an individual therapist of them to talk to as well. Another piece of group therapy for a child who has experienced loss is to increase their self-confidence and self-awareness. We want children to be able to recognize when they are beginning to feel deregulated and provide them with coping skills to ground themselves. Q: What are the types of coping skills that you can provide for children? Are these skills that can be used in an individual as well as group setting? A: Every child is different, so providing them with a “tool box” of coping skills is important. It can be deep breathing, imagery, journaling, walking, music and art, prayer or meditation, writing a letter to the deceased…etc. Some of these are individual activities while others can be done in a group setting. It really depends on the person, and what they are comfortable with. Q: Can animals be used for a form of therapy? A: Actually yes, animals are also a very unique tool that really helps children heal such as equine therapy and therapy dogs.

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Interview 2 | Lisa Williford | Social Worker/Investigator for DCF

Q: What type of environment/location do you see best fit for children who are going through struggle? A: I would love to see a focus on how to help a child process trauma while keeping connections and keeping the rest of their lives as stable as possible. I think what would be more convenient about doing it based out of the Boston area is you’d be able to serve children more quickly. I think one of the things I really see a need for is a more immediate retreat where children are able to process the loss. As far as location I would suggest somewhere that is more easily accessible to the population. Location may limit who you’re able to serve unless there can be transportation provided. Q: What is one of the bigger issues you see in children that you deal with? A: Often especially in my experience if a parent passes children are immediately removed from their families and are traumatized by both the loss as well as their world being uprooted in several ways - change in home, location, school, friends etc. Q: How do you feel about children being able to return to that camp multiple times a year? A: I absolutely think having kids come back is absolutely necessary as well as helpful. I think like CIT positions and the like would allow kids to understand others have gone through similar experiences and are doing very well now. Q: At the camp, would you suggest dividing up the children by age group or a different way? A: I would suggest possible groupings or splits based on the type of death as kids often internalize certain scenarios like suicide different than perhaps an overdose or accidental death. Where I think it makes sense for them all to be together in part it makes sense to break them up at times. I also would suggest and this would be a very big undertaking but some type of aftercare/follow up problem which would include coming back to camp but maybe also making sure they are in therapy and check ins prior to admission back to camp. Q: What are your thoughts on having a 1-day parent/caretaker workshop as part of the camp program? A: I think it is very important to do a parent/caretaker day. I think this population is vastly underserved and that’s who is providing direct care to these kiddos!

Interview 3 | Frank Smith | Community Member

Interview 4 | Chad Cronin | Volunteer at Comfort Zone Camp

Q: Do you think it will affect the way the site is used in a positive or negative way? A: A lot of this has to do with approach to the buildings. Again, not imposing too strongly on what exists will result in the most positive outcome.

Q: What happens while they are there to make this transformation happen? A: It is a different moment for every camper and sometimes it doesn’t occur at the first camp for a camper. CZC has a system of doing ice breakers and fun activities to make children feel comfortable and integrated. Healing circles allow the children to share their stories and process their feelings. Outside of healing circles the kids talk with one another about anything and everything including their losses and for many that may be where the real transformation occurs.

Q: How do you feel about the addition of a retreat for children at World’s End? A: As long as you integrate it into the site, and offer something up for the people that use it regularly, I think it will be a great addition. A big concern would be making sure to not impose too strongly on the natural environment. People view this place as sacred, a refuge, but the majority of the population would be concerned with the sensitivity of how the building is designed and the site is treated.

Q: How is the transformation from when the campers get to camp to when they leave? Is it always just a weekend stay? A: Camps vary in length. Most camps are weekend camps across the country but they also have day camps or week long camps (for young adults). The camper’s transformations also vary. Often many campers don’t want to come and by the end of the day, weekend, or week they have made so many connections and do not feel alone in the grief journey they don’t want to leave the camp. On the opposite hand many campers can’t wait to get to camp. Of course without knowledge of the camp any child would have some hesitation to go to a grief camp. Comport zone does an excellent job at incorporating a fun environment into the healing process.

Q: How do you think the healing retreat could play a positive role in the community? A: The buildings should really give something back to the site. Consider its current views; offer something up. Think about what the clientele needs and think about how your buildings could offer that.

Q: Is it a positive experience for mostly everyone that attends? What is it that makes this experience positive or negative for them? A: I believe that while it may not be transformative for every camper it is a step in the right direction for every camper as even if they do not participate they recognize that they are not alone.

Q: Do you think it will change the way that town of Hingham is viewed? A: My impression is that more out-of-town people use the site. The battle for Hingham is its perceived stigma since it is a well to-do town. The town would not overall be affected by this since it’s not really part of the towns ‘central fabric.’

Q: What exactly is your role in helping them to resolve these internal/emotional struggles they are going through? A: There are different roles for volunteers at CZC. Descriptions of these roles can be found on their website https://www. comfortzonecamp.org/. I have volunteered as a big buddy and your role is simply to be their and relate to your “little.” Is not your job to do any of the therapeutic work, that is the role of the Healing circle leader and the camper themselves.

Q: Is World’s End a spot often used by community members? How busy does it get at a given time of year? A: Summer/Fall/Spring are the busiest times of year. It is a Mecca for people that ‘sort of’ want to experience the woods in manicured areas. It is largely populated by fair-weather hikers. At its busiest, you are always aware that people are around even if they are not close in proximity. When the site is least busy, you could feel you are alone. While not many people travel here in winter, there also is never too much snow either since it’s near the ocean and the sun is always hitting hills directly. World’s End is family-friendly because it is safe, and there’s not much you could hurt yourself on. There is parking at the site, and even though the lot seems small I have never had a problem finding parking.

Q: What is the feel of the camp? What type of environment is it in? Is it mostly log cabins? A: To the surprise of many the camp is a fun camp where children are able to be comfortable and have fun while processing the lose of a serious loved one. Each Camp nation wide is set in a different environment. MA Summer camps are at Camp Burgess in Sandwich, MA set on the water with a wide range of different activities available to campers. The housing is cabins and they are shared by large groups of big buddies and campers. Day camps are normally held at schools and activities occur in the gym and healing circles in classrooms. Q: Is there public transportation available or is the camp in a remote location where children need to be dropped off? A: The Camp in MA is held at Camp Burgess in Sandwich, MA. CZC is nationwide. CZC prides itself in assuring that every child is able to get to camp and will do whatever it is to get a child to camp from driving the camper themselves or flying the family. Q: What got you interested in volunteering here? A: My girlfriend at the time had lost her mother and she volunteered so I went to support her. Since our relationship has ended I remain involved because of the amazing work that CZC does as well as the great people it attracts.

Appendix Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Special Requirements

No building, structure, parking area or septic system shall be constructed within 100' of a residence district, except where the zoning district boundary is in a street, in which case the setback from said boundary shall be 50'. A natural or landscaped vegetative barrier as approved under site plan review shall be retained or created and maintained within this setback. A minimum of 15% of the area of each lot shall not be built upon, paved or parked upon, and shall be maintained either in its natural state or landscaped. Along the entire street frontage of each lot a green or landscaped strip not less than 15’ wide shall be maintained in its natural state or landscaped with grass, trees and shrubs, not paved except for driveways, not parked upon and not built upon except for signs. The required 15% may include the 15’ green strip. A green yard space not less than twenty (20) feet wide shall be maintained open and green with grass, bushes, flowers or trees or any combination of them, along the entire length of each side lot line or rear lot line of such a lot and (except for entrance and exit driveways) along the entire street frontage of such lot, and such yard space shall not be built on nor paved nor used for automobile parking. Not less than 80% of the land area of such a lot shall remain open and unbuilt on, but such open space may be used for automobile off-street parking, driveways, sidewalks and store service yards, except that such use shall not be permitted in any part of the 20’ wide green perimeter strip above specified. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a green yard space not less than fifty (50) feet wide shall be maintained open and green with grass, bushes, flowers, trees, or in an undisturbed natural condition, or any combination of the foregoing, along the entire length of each side lot line and rear lot line of such lot where such side lot line or rear lot line abuts a Residence A or Residence B or Residence C District. Site Plan Review, as defined in Section I-I, shall be conducted by the Planning Board or its designer, for all projects which meet the following criteria: a. all non-residential projects which are estimated to cost $20,000 or more; b. all projects which 1) create a land disturbance or an alteration of drainage patterns over an area greater than 20,000 square feet; or 2) create a land disturbance of more than 2500 square feet in areas with slopes greater than 10%; provided, however, that the following types of projects shall be exempt from site plan review under this subsection b: i. normal maintenance and improvement of land in agricultural use as defined by the Wetlands Protection Act regulation 310 CMR 10.04; ii. routine maintenance of existing landscaping, gardens or lawn areas; iii. the construction of fencing that will not alter existing terrain or drainage patterns; iv. installation of utilities other than drainage (gas, water, electric, telephone, etc.) which will not alter terrain, ground cover, or drainage patterns; or v. projects wholly within the jurisdiction of the Conservation Commission and requiring an Order of Conditions under the Wetlands Protection Act, MGL c. 131, s. 40, the Town of Hingham Wetlands Protection By-Law, and/or the Rivers Protection Act. Contiguous parcels separately deeded to the Town shall be considered a single parcel in application of minimum yard dimensions.

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Accessibility Report 521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD 521 CMR 8.00: 8.1

GENERAL Transient lodging facilities shall comply with 521 CMR, except as specified or modified in 521 CMR 8.00. Transient lodging shall include but not be limited to hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts, inns, boarding houses, dormitories and resorts. Transient lodging facilities shall also include homeless shelters, halfway houses, lodging houses and transitional housing, and other places that provide temporary accommodations. Transient lodging includes facilities, or portions thereof, used for sleeping accommodations. Sleeping accommodations in a medical care facility are covered by 521 CMR 13.00: MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES.

8.4.5 Sleeping Accommodations for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing. In all transient lodging facilities, additional accessible sleeping rooms and suites with accommodations for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing shall be provided in conformance with the table below. These rooms and suites shall comply with the requirements of 521 CMR 8.6, Sleeping Accommodations. Number of Rooms 5 to 25 26 to 50 51 to 75 76 to 100 101 to 150 151 to 200 201 to 300 301 to 400 401 to 500 501 to 1000 1001 and over

a. contains five or fewer beds or contains five or fewer rooms for rent or hire; and b. is actually occupied as a residence by the proprietor of the establishment (See 521 CMR 5.00: DEFINITIONS.) 8.2

PUBLIC AND COMMON USE AREAS In transient lodging facilities, common use and public use areas shall be designed and constructed to comply with 521 CMR. (See 521 CMR 5.00: DEFINITIONS.)

8.2.1

General: The public use areas in hotels, motels or inns shall include but not be limited to: the general public function areas, recreation areas, health facilities, pools, meeting areas, restaurants, lounges, public toilet rooms, public telephones, vending areas, laundry rooms, other amenities installed for the use of occupants, walks, elevators, and all public entrances as well as the stairs and corridors to the accessible units. Registration counters shall comply with the following: a. Location: The counter shall be on an accessible route. b. Length: A portion of the counter or an auxiliary counter shall be at least 36 inches (36" = 914mm) in length. c. Height: That portion of the counter shall not exceed 36 inches (36" = 914 mm) above the finish floor. d. Clear Floor Area: Shall be provided in front of the counter.

8.3

PARKING SPACES Where parking is provided, it shall comply or be capable of complying with the provisions of 521 CMR 23.2, Number through 521 CMR 23.8, Valet Parking. If parking spaces are assigned to individual units, said spaces designated for accessible units shall have signage reserving said space. An international symbol of accessibility need not be used.

8.3.1

Visitor parking spaces: Where parking is provided for visitors, it shall comply fully with the requirements of 521 CMR 23.00: PARKING AND PASSENGER LOADING ZONES.

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a. b. c.

8.5.1 Accessible Route: Accessible units, sleeping rooms, and suites shall be on an accessible route. An accessible route shall connect all accessible spaces and elements including telephones, televisions, alarms clocks, and climate controls within the unit, sleeping room, or suite. 8.5.2 Elevators: An elevator is not required in a transient lodging facility that is less than three stories or that has less than 3000 square feet per story if all rooms are proportionately distributed in accordance with 521 CMR 8.4.1 and all public spaces are fully accessible.

8.5.7 Controls: All controls in accessible units, sleeping rooms, and suites shall comply with 521 CMR 39.00: CONTROLS. 8.5.8 Accessible spaces: Where provided as part of an accessible unit, sleeping room, or suite, the following spaces shall be accessible and shall be on an accessible route: a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

8.4.1

Distribution: To provide persons with disabilities a range of options equivalent to those available to other persons served by the facility, accessible sleeping rooms and suites shall be dispersed proportionally among the various classes of sleeping accommodations available to patrons of the place of transient lodging. Factors to be considered include room size, price, location, smoking/ non-smoking, amenities provided, and the number and size of beds provided.

8.4.2

Equivalent Facilitation: The operator of a facility may elect to limit construction of accessible rooms to those intended for multiple occupancy, provided that these rooms are made available at the cost of a single occupancy room to an individual with disabilities who requests a single-occupancy room.

8.4.3

Bathrooms and Kitchens: Accessible units shall have bathrooms and kitchens (where provided), that comply with Group 2B requirements in 521 CMR 44.00: GROUP 2 BATHROOMS and 521 CMR 45.00: GROUP 2 KITCHENS.

8.4.4

Wheel-in Showers: In transient lodging facilities with 50 or more sleeping rooms or suites, accessible sleeping rooms or suites shall include a wheel-in shower in conformance with the table below. Wheel-in showers shall comply with the requirements of 521 CMR 44.6.2, Showers. Rooms with Wheel-in Showers 1 2 3 4 5 2% of total 22 plus one for each 100 over 1000

8.6.3 Telephones: Telephones in rooms for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing shall have volume controls complying with 521 CMR 37.00: PUBLIC TELEPHONES. An accessible electrical outlet within 48 inches (48" = 1219mm) of a telephone connection shall be provided to facilitate the use of a Text Telephone (TTY). 8.6.4 Televisions: Where televisions are provided in sleeping rooms or suites, the operator of the facility shall provide a television amplifier and a caption decoder in rooms for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing. 8.6.5 Equivalent Facilitation: For rooms required under 521 CMR 8.3.5, the operator of a facility may either permanently install the equipment required under 521 CMR 8.5 or may elect to install electrical outlets (including outlets connected to a facility's central alarm system) and telephone wiring in sleeping rooms and suites to enable persons with hearing impairments to utilize portable visual alarms and communication devices, which shall be provided by the operator of the facility. 8.7

OTHER SLEEPING ROOMS AND SUITES Doors and doorways designed to allow passage into and within all sleeping units or other covered units shall comply with 521CMR 26.00: DOORS AND DOORWAYS on the corridor side of the door only.

8.5.9 Patios, Terraces, and Balconies: Where it is necessary to utilize a door threshold or a change in level between the interior and exterior greater than ½ inch (½" = 13mm) to protect the integrity of the unit from water or snow damage, equivalent facilitation such as raised decking or a ramp shall be provided. See Fig. 8a.

8.5.4 Doors and doorways designed to allow passage into and within all accessible units, sleeping rooms, or suites shall comply with 521 CMR 26.00: DOORS AND DOORWAYS.

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521 CMR - 38

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521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

UNITS, SLEEPING ROOMS, AND SUITES: MINIMUM NUMBER At least 5% but in no case less than one of the units, sleeping rooms, and suites shall be accessible. In applying the 5% rule to facilities which consist of more than one building, all of the units in the entire facility shall be added together.

the living area; the dining area; at least one sleeping area; at least one bathroom; if only half baths are provided, at least one half bath; carports, garages or parking spaces; and patios, terraces, and balconies.

8.6.2 Visual Notification Devices shall be provided in sleeping accommodations to alert room occupants of incoming telephone calls and a door knock or doorbell. Visual notification devices shall not be connected to auxiliary visual alarm signal appliances.

8.5.3 Maneuvering Space: Accessible sleeping rooms shall have a 36 inch (36" = 914mm) clear width maneuvering space located along both sides of a bed, except that where two beds are provided, this requirement can be met by providing a 36 inch (36" = 9 14mm) wide maneuvering space located between the two beds.

521 CMR - 39

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521 CMR - 42

521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

8.00: TRANSIENT LODGING FACILITIES

8.4

A peephole mounted at 42 inches (42" = 1067mm) above the floor; A vision panel in the door with its bottom edge no higher than 42 inches (42" = 1067mm) above the floor A sidelight with its bottom edge no higher than 42 inches (42" = 1067mm) above the floor.

8.5.6 Storage: If fixed or built-in storage such as cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers are provided in accessible spaces, at least one of each type of storage space shall comply with 521 CMR 34.00: STORAGE.

UNITS, SLEEPING ROOMS AND SUITES: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Accessible units, sleeping rooms and suites shall comply with the following:

521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD 8.00: TRANSIENT LODGING FACILITIES

Number of rooms 50 to 100 101 to 200 201 to 300 301 to 400 401 to 500 501 to 1000 1001 and over

Accessible Equipment Provided 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2% of total 20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1000

8.00: TRANSIENT LODGING FACILITIES

8.5.5 Visitor Identification: Every entry door to each accessible unit shall have a means by which the person can visually identify a visitor before opening the door. This may be achieved by any of the following means:

8.4.6 In facilities with multi-bed rooms (such as dormitories) or spaces, 5% of the beds shall comply with 521 CMR 8.5.3, Maneuvering space. 8.5

521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

8.00: TRANSIENT LODGING FACILITIES

Exception: 521 CMR 8.00 does not apply to an establishment located within a building that:

8.2.2

521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

TRANSIENT LODGING FACILITIES

8.00: TRANSIENT LODGING FACILITIES

8.5.10 Kitchenettes: When provided, kitchens and kitchenettes in accessible units, sleeping rooms, and suites shall comply with the requirements for Group 2B Kitchens in 521 CMR 45.00: GROUP 2 KITCHENS. 8.5.11 Wet Bars: When provided as an accessory to an accessible unit, sleeping room or suite, wet bars or similar amenities shall be accessible, on an accessible route, and comply with the following: a. b. c.

Clear floor space for a front or parallel approach to cabinets, counters, sinks, and appliances shall be provided to comply with Fig. 8b. Countertops and sinks shall be at a maximum height of 34 inches (34" = 864mm) above the floor. Accessible storage: At least 50% of shelf space in cabinets or refrigerator/freezers shall comply with 521 CMR 6.5, Forward Reach and 521 CMR 6.6, Side Reach and space shall be designed to allow for the operation of cabinet and/or appliance doors so that all cabinets and appliances are accessible and usable. Controls and operating mechanisms shall comply with 521 CMR 39.00: CONTROLS.

8.6

SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS FOR PERSONS WHO ARE DEAF OR HARD OF HEARING Sleeping accommodations for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing required by 521 CMR 8.4.5 shall comply with the following requirements for smoke/fire/safety alarms, visual signal devices, telephones, televisions, alarm clocks and climate controls.

8.6.1 Auxiliary Visual Alarms: Sleeping Accommodations shall be equipped with auxiliary visual alarms which comply with 521 CMR 40.4: a. b.

a visual alarm connected to the building emergency alarm system; or a standard 110-volt electrical receptacle into which such an alarm can be connected and a means by which a signal from the building emergency alarm system can trigger such an auxiliary alarm. Such receptacle shall be connected to the emergency or standby power, (if provided in the building).

The visual alarm signal shall be visible in all areas of the unit or room. Instructions for use of the auxiliary alarm or receptacle shall be provided.

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521 CMR - 37

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Appendix 521 CMR - 40

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521 CMR - 41

Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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Accessibility Report 521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD 521 CMR 10.00: 10.1

521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

PUBLIC USE AND COMMON USE SPACES IN MULTIPLE DWELLINGS

GENERAL The public use and common use spaces of multiple dwellings in existing buildings consisting of 12 or more units in a building, shall be accessible and shall comply with 521 CMR. The public use and common use spaces of multiple dwellings in new construction consisting of three or more units shall comply with 521 CMR. Public and common use spaces are those spaces inside or outside a building that are used by residents and/or visitors. Public use and common use spaces shall include but not be limited to community facilities, meeting rooms, restaurants, recreation spaces, health facilities, pools, public toilet rooms, laundry areas, trash areas, storage areas, mailboxes, walks, sidewalks, parking lots and garages, entrances, elevators, lobbies and foyers, as well as corridors and stairways leading to dwelling units.

10.2

ACCESSIBLE ROUTES There shall be an accessible route at least 36 inches (36" = 914mm) wide connecting accessible parking, accessible entrances, public and common use spaces, and dwelling units. Wherever possible, the accessible route shall be the shortest possible route, see 521 CMR 20.00: ACCESSIBLE ROUTE

10.3

PARKING SPACES FOR DWELLING UNIT OCCUPANTS Where parking is provided, it shall comply or be capable of complying with the provisions of 521 CMR 23.2, Number through 521 CMR 23.8, Valet Parking. The number of accessible spaces shall not be limited in number by 521 CMR 23.2.1, Number but shall be provided in sufficient numbers to meet the needs of the dwelling unit occupants. If parking spaces are assigned to individual units, those spaces designated for accessible units shall have signage reserving said space. An international symbol of accessibility need not be used.

10.3.1

Visitor Parking Spaces: Where parking is provided for visitors, it shall comply fully with the requirements of 521 CMR 23.00: PARKING AND PASSENGER LOADING ZONES.

10.4

DOORS All doorways and openings located in common use and public use spaces and along accessible routes shall comply with 521 CMR 26.2, Revolving Doors through 521 CMR 26.11, Door Hardware.

10.5

STORAGE If remote storage is available to residents, equivalent accessible storage shall be provided to residents.

10.6

ALARMS Where a fire alarm is provided, it shall comply with 521 CMR 40.00: ALARMS.

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10.00: PUBLIC USE AND COMMON USE SPACES IN MULTIPLE DWELLINGS 10.7

HEIGHT OF CONTROLS The highest position of the operable parts of any control, dispenser, receptacle, or other operable equipment shall be located within the zone of reach as defined in 521 CMR 5.00: DEFINITIONS.

10.8

LAUNDRY FACILITIES If laundry facilities are provided in Multiple dwellings, then equivalent, accessible laundry facilities shall be provided.

10.8.1

Location: Laundry facilities shall be on an accessible level and on an accessible route.

10.8.2

At least one washing machine and at least one clothes dryer shall be front loading, shall have a side hinged door, and shall be located so that the door can be opened 180°. See Fig. 10a.

10.8.3

Where laundry work space, such as a folding table, is provided, it shall comply with 521 CMR 35.00: TABLES AND SEATING.

10.8.4

Controls, including the payment mechanism, shall fall within the zone of reach as defined in 521 CMR 5.00: DEFINITIONS.

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521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD 521 CMR 12.00: 12.1

12.00: EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

Applicability: Administrative spaces, instructional spaces, and areas open to students or the general public shall comply with 521 CMR.

12.1.2

Dormitories shall comply with the requirements of 521 CMR 8.00: TRANSIENT LODGING FACILITIES.

12.1.3

Amphitheaters, lecture halls and classrooms of educational facilities shall comply with 521 CMR 14.00: PLACES OF ASSEMBLY.

12.2

LIBRARIES Shall comply with the following and Figure 12a.

12.2.1

General: All public areas of a library, including but not limited to, reading and study areas, stacks, reference rooms, reserve areas, and special facilities or collections, shall comply with 521 CMR 12.00. Reading Areas, Study Areas and Computer Workstations: Where tables, study carrels, computer workstations, or fixed seating are provided, at least 5% with a minimum of one of each element shall be accessible, be on an accessible route, and comply with the following: a. Access aisles: A 36 inch (36" = 914mm) access aisle shall be provided between tables and between study carrels. No seating shall overlap the access aisle. See Fig. 12a. b. Clear floor space as defined in 521 CMR 5.00: DEFINITIONS shall be provided at each seating space. Such clear floor space shall not overlap knee space by more than 19 inches (19" = 483 mm). See Fig. 12a. c. Knee Clearances: If seating for disabled persons is provided at tables or counters, kneespaces at least 27 inches (27" = 686mm) high, 30 inches (30" = 762mm) wide, and 19 inches (19" = 483mm) deep shall be provided. See Fig. 12a. d. Height of Tables or Counters: The tops of accessible tables and counters shall be from 28 inches to 34 inches (28" to 34" = 711mm to 864mm) above the finished floor or ground.

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10.9

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521 CMR - 56

Check-Out Areas: At least one lane at each check-out area shall have a counter a minimum of 36 inches (36" = 914mm) in length and a maximum of 36 inches (36" = 914mm) in height. See Fig. 7a.

12.2.4

Security Devices: Any traffic control or book security gates or turnstiles shall not prevent access or egress to people in wheelchairs. Security gates shall have a 32 inch (32" = 812mm) clear opening. If turnstiles are used, an adjacent accessible, unlocked door or gate shall be provided. Any level changes created by such devices shall comply with 521 CMR 20.00: ACCESSIBLE ROUTE and 521 CMR 29.00: FLOOR SURFACES.

12.2.5

Card Catalogs: Clear aisle space at card catalogs shall be a minimum of 36 inches (36" = 914mm) and comply with Fig. 12b. Maximum reach height shall be between 18 inches (18" = 457mm) and 54 inches (54" = 1372mm), with a height of 48 inches (48" = 1219mm) preferred.

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12.00: EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES 12.2.6

12.2.3

KITCHEN FACILITIES Sinks, counters, and cooking facilities provided in common use spaces shall comply with 521 CMR 32.00: KITCHENS.

521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

GENERAL Educational facilities shall comply with 521 CMR, except as specified or modified in 521 CMR 12.00. Educational facilities shall include but not be limited to: public and private schools, nurseries, pre-schools, day care facilities, colleges and universities, libraries, galleries, museums, and training facilities.

12.1.1

12.2.2

521 CMR - 52

10.00: PUBLIC USE AND COMMON USE SPACES IN MULTIPLE DWELLINGS

521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

521 CMR - 57

Stacks: Aisles between stacks shall have a minimum clear width of 36 inches (36" = 914mm) and preferably 42 inches (42" = 1067mm), where possible, as shown in Fig. 12c. Shelf height in stack areas is unrestricted.

12.3

KITCHENS IN CLASSROOMS: Kitchens in classrooms shall comply with the requirements of 521 CMR 32.00: K ITCHENS.

12.4

SINKS, COUNTERS, AND OTHER WORK AREAS IN CLASSROOMS OR LABORATORIES At least 5%, with a minimum of one of each type of element, in each classroom or laboratory shall comply with the following: a. Countertops and sinks shall comply with 521 CMR 12.2.2 b, 12.2.2 c. and 12.2.2d. b. Accessible storage: At least 50% of shelf space in cabinets or refrigerator/freezers shall comply with 521 CMR 6.5, Forward Reach and 521 CMR 6.6, Side Reach and space shall be designed to allow for the operation of cabinet and/or appliance doors so that all cabinets and appliances are accessible and usable. c. Controls and operating mechanisms shall comply with 521 CMR 39.00: CONTROLS.

12.5

DRINKING FOUNTAINS IN CLASSROOMS: Shall comply with the requirements of 521 CMR 36.00: DRINKING FOUNTAINS.

12.6

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AT EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES shall comply with the requirements of 521 CMR 19.00: RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

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521 CMR 11.00:

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

11.1

GENERAL The design of commercial buildings shall comply with 521 CMR, except as specified or modified in 521 CMR 11.00. Commercial buildings are public buildings as defined in 521 CMR and shall include but not be limited to: the part or parts of buildings where a service or product is offered to the public and into which a member of the public may enter including but not limited to: doctors', dentists', and counseling offices, chiropractors', psychologists' and psychiatrists' offices, lawyers', and accountants' offices, insurance companies, veterinarians, realtors, travel agents, as well as city and town halls and facilities.

11.2

COMMERCIAL FACILITIES LOCATED IN PRIVATE RESIDENCES When a commercial facility is located in a private residence, the portion of the residence used exclusively in the operation of the commercial facility or that portion used both for the commercial facility and for residential purposes shall comply with 521 CMR

11.3

COMMERCIAL CONDOMINIUMS Those spaces in commercial condominiums where the service or product is offered to the public, and those premises which a member of the public may enter shall comply with 521 CMR.

11.4

PUBLIC TOILETS Wherever public toilets are provided for customers, visitors or clientele of said businesses, they are required to comply fully with 521 CMR 30.00: PUBLIC TOILETS.

11.5

PUBLIC TELEPHONES Wherever public telephones are provided for customers, visitors or clientele of said businesses, they are required to comply fully with 521 CMR 37.00: PUBLIC TELEPHONES.

11.6

TRANSACTION AREAS Transaction areas in commercial buildings shall comply with 521 CMR 7.2.2 Other transaction areas.

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Accessibility Report 521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD 521 CMR 19.00: RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 19.1

521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

19.00: RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

GENERAL Recreational facilities shall comply with 521 CMR, except as specified or modified in 521 CMR 19.00. Recreational facilities shall include but not be limited to courts, rinks, swimming pools, gymnasiums, stadiums, health and sports clubs, radio control facilities, whirlpools, jacuzzis, gyms, weightlifting areas, playgrounds, zoos, fairgrounds, beaches, piers, docks, bandstands, gazebos, parks, bowling alleys, picnic areas, video arcades and campsites. All areas open to and used by the public, including but not limited to locker rooms, shower facilities, saunas, steam rooms, suntanning rooms, weight rooms, aerobics and dance rooms, tennis, racquet and squash courts and spectator areas in recreation facilities shall be accessible.

19.2

WATER FACILITIES Swimming pools, lap pools, wading pools, diving pools used for scuba or general swimming, and whirlpools and jacuzzis in all locations subject to 521 CMR shall be accessible .

19.2.1

Access Devices: Accessibility to water facilities shall be by means of any of the following: a. A 34 inch (34" = 864mm) wide ramp with a slip resistant surface extending into the shallow end of the pool. Such ramps shall have a slope not exceeding one-in-six (1:6), and shall have handrails on both sides. See Fig. 19a.

19.2.2

Path of travel: There shall be an accessible route not less than 48 inches (48" = 1219mm) wide around such pools. These paths shall have a surface that is slip resistant.

19.3

BOWLING ALLEYS Shall provide an accessible route to at least two adjacent lanes.

19.4

LOCKER ROOMS Shall have a 36 inch (36" = 914mm) wide accessible route around all lockers.

19.4.1

Lockers: At least 5% of the lockers, but not less than one, shall be accessible and shall have locking/opening devices that are operable with a closed fist and mounted no higher than 42 inches (42" = 1067mm) from the floor.

19.4.2

Seating: If benches are provided, there shall be a 36 inch (36" = 914mm) wide aisle between benches and lockers and a five foot turning diameter near the accessible lockers. See Fig. 19c.

19.5.3

Public restrooms and shower facilities, where provided, shall comply with 521 CMR 30.00: PUBLIC TOILET ROOMS and 521 CMR 31.00: BATHING ROOMS.

19.6

PICNIC AREAS AND HIGHWAY REST AREAS Shall comply with the following:

19.6.1

Access: All facilities shall be accessible and shall be on an accessible route that is paved or hard packed. If curb cuts are provided, they shall comply with 521 CMR 21.00: CURB CUTS.

19.6.2

Tables: At least 5% of tables, where provided shall be accessible and shall comply with 521 CMR 19.5.2.

19.6.3

Public restrooms, where provided, shall comply with 521 CMR 30.00: PUBLIC TOILET ROOMS and 521 CMR 31.00: BATHING ROOMS.

19.5

CAMPSITES Shall comply with the following:

19.6.4

Public telephones, where provided, shall comply with 521 CMR 37.00: PUBLIC TELEPHONES.

19.5.1

Campsite Access: At least 5% of campsites shall be accessible and dispersed among those campsites that could be reached from an accessible route. Areas leading into such sites should be paved or hard packed.

19.7

PLAYGROUNDS An accessible route, complying with 521 CMR 20.00: ACCESSIBLE ROUTE shall be provided to reach playground equipment and around the playground.

19.5.2

Tables: At least 5% of tables shall be accessible . Tables for the accessible sites shall provide clear space under the table top not less than 30 inches wide (30" = 762mm) and 19 inches (19" = 483mm) deep per seating space and not less than 27 inches (27" = 686mm) clear from the ground to the underside of the table. See Fig. 19d.

19.8

MARINE FACILITIES: Marine facilities are docks and/or piers that service waterborne passenger vessels with a vessel length of 40 feet (40' = 12m) or greater. These facilities shall provide persons with disabilities unassisted access measured under nominal marine conditions throughout spring tide range or 9½ feet (9½' = 2996mm) whichever is less. Marine facilities shall comply with the following:

19.8.1

Unassisted Access between the land or fixed facility and a floating vessel, with or without an intervening floating structure, shall be provided.

19.9

MARINE RAMPS shall comply with the following:

19.9.1

Handrails: Marine ramps shall be equipped with handrails which comply with 521 CMR 24.5 Handrails. Exception: At the top and bottom of the marine ramp the upper and lower rails shall be connected with a circular return extending a minimum of 12 inches (12" = 305mm) beyond the edge of the ramp. It is not intended that handrail extensions be horizontal during all tidal or weather conditions.

b. A lifting device. c. When the water level of the pool is above the level of the path of travel, a raised coping may be utilized as a transfer area, if it is 18 inches (18" = 457mm) above the path of travel and is a minimum of 18 inches wide (18" = 457mm). See Fig. 19b.

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521 CMR - 71

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521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD 19.00: RECREATIONAL FACILITIES Width: The clear width of the marine ramp shall be a minimum of 36 inches (36" = 914mm) measured between the handrails.

19.9.3

Platforms: Marine ramps shall terminate in level platforms that are a minimum of 48 inches (48"= 1219mm) by 48 inches (48" = 1219mm), clear and unobstructed by handrails, door swings, entrances, or other projections. Such platforms shall occur at the top and bottom of each ramp and at intervals not exceeding the maximum ramp length as described in Table 1: RAMPS

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19.00: RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

19.9.2

1:12 but less than 1:14 1:14 but less than 1:16 1:16 but less than 1:18 1:18 but less than 1:20 1:20 and over

521 CMR - 84 521 CMR: ARCHITECTURAL ACCESS BOARD

Table 1 MAXIMUM RAMP LENGTH (excluding transition plates) Not to exceed 30 feet (9m) Not to exceed 35 feet (11m) Not to exceed 40 feet (12m) Not to exceed 45 feet (14m) Unlimited length

19.12

ACCESSIBLE ROUTE There shall be an accessible route to and throughout the marine facility that connects the vessels boarding area with all other areas and services available to the public within the marine facility. The accessible route shall comply with 521 CMR 20.00: ACCESSIBLE ROUTE.

19.13

ANCILLARY FACILITIES Where provided within the marine facility, ancillary facilities such are fare transaction areas, public toilets, public telephones, vendor(s) stands, etc., shall comply with 521 CMR.

19.14

MARINE FACILITIES THAT SERVICE WATERBORNE PASSENGER VESSELS WITH A VESSEL LENGTH OF LESS THAN 40 FEET (40' = 12m) - Reserved.

19.9.4 Transition Plates shall be a maximum of eight feet (8' = 2438mm) in length and shall have slopes less than or equal to 1:12. Transition plates longer than 18 inches (18" = 457mm) shall be equipped with handrails complying with 521 CMR 19.9.1. These handrails must be parallel to the handrails on the marine ramp(s), but may not necessarily be continuous with them. Transition plates shall be at least as wide as the ramp. The change in level between the end of the transition plate and the adjoining level surface shall be no greater than ½ an inch (½" = 13mm). 19.10 BRIDGE PLATES Vessels using bridge plates to provide access at boarding and disembarking areas shall comply with the following: 19.10.1 A maximum slope of 1:8 to 1:10 is allowed for a maximum rise of three inches (3" = 76mm). A maximum slope that is less steep than 1:10 and no steeper than 1:12 is allowed for a maximum rise of six inches (6" = 152mm). 19.10.2 Bridge plates shall have a minimum clear width of at least 36 inches (36" = 914mm). 19.10.3 Bridge Plates longer than six feet (6' = 1829mm) are marine ramps and shall comply with 521 CMR 19.9, Marine Ramps. 19.11 FLOATING AND FIXED DOCKS The edge of all floating and fixed docks shall provide at least one of the following: a. Handrails that comply with 521 CMR 24.5, Handrails; b. Curbs that are at least four inches (4" = 102mm) high and are preceded by detectable warnings that comply with 521 CMR; or c. Detectable warnings that comply with 521 CMR. 1/27/06

521 CMR - 87

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Appendix 521 CMR - 88

Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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ct<09>2002

Flood Report § 60.3

44 CFR Ch. I (10–1–02 Edition)

been issued for the community at the time of application. Thereafter, the community will be given a period of six months from the date the Administrator provides the data set forth in §60.3(b), (c), (d), (e) or (f), in which to meet the requirements of the applicable paragraph. If a community has received a FHBM, but has not yet applied for Program eligibility, the community shall apply for eligibility directly under the standards set forth in §60.3(b). Thereafter, the community will be given a period of six months from the date the Administrator provides the data set forth in §60.3(c), (d), (e) or (f) in which to meet the requirements of the applicable paragraph. (b) A mudslide (i.e., mudflow)-prone community applying for flood insurance eligibility shall meet the standards of § 60.4(a) to become eligible. Thereafter, the community will be given a period of six months from the date the mudslide (i.e., mudflow) areas having special mudslide hazards are delineated in which to meet the requirements of § 60.4(b). (c) A flood-related erosion-prone community applying for flood insurance eligibility shall meet the standards of § 60.5(a) to become eligible. Thereafter, the community will be given a period of six months from the date the flood-related erosion areas having special erosion hazards are delineated in which to meet the requirements of § 60.5(b). (d) Communities identified in part 65 of this subchapter as containing more than one type of hazard (e.g., any combination of special flood, mudslide (i.e., mudflow), and flood-related erosion hazard areas) shall adopt flood plain management regulations for each type of hazard consistent with the requirements of §§ 60.3, 60.4 and 60.5. (e) Local flood plain management regulations may be submitted to the State Coordinating Agency designated pursuant to § 60.25 for its advice and concurrence. The submission to the State shall clearly describe proposed enforcement procedures. (f) The community official responsible for submitting annual or biennial reports to the Administrator pursuant to § 59.22(b)(2) of this subchapter shall also submit copies of each annual or bi-

ennial report to any State Coordinating Agency. (g) A community shall assure that its comprehensive plan is consistent with the flood plain management objectives of this part. (h) The community shall adopt and enforce flood plain management regulations based on data provided by the Administrator. Without prior approval of the Administrator, the community shall not adopt and enforce flood plain management regulations based upon modified data reflecting natural or man-made physical changes. [41 FR 46975, Oct. 26, 1976. Redesignated at 44 FR 31177, May 31, 1979, as amended at 48 FR 29318, June 24, 1983; 48 FR 44552, Sept. 29, 1983; 49 FR 4751, Feb. 8, 1984; 50 FR 36024, Sept. 4, 1985; 59 FR 53598, Oct. 25, 1994; 62 FR 55716, Oct. 27, 1997]

§ 60.3 Flood plain management criteria for flood-prone areas. The Administrator will provide the data upon which flood plain management regulations shall be based. If the Administrator has not provided sufficient data to furnish a basis for these regulations in a particular community, the community shall obtain, review and reasonably utilize data available from other Federal, State or other sources pending receipt of data from the Administrator. However, when special flood hazard area designations and water surface elevations have been furnished by the Administrator, they shall apply. The symbols defining such special flood hazard designations are set forth in § 64.3 of this subchapter. In all cases the minimum requirements governing the adequacy of the flood plain management regulations for flood-prone areas adopted by a particular community depend on the amount of technical data formally provided to the community by the Administrator. Minimum standards for communities are as follows: (a) When the Administrator has not defined the special flood hazard areas within a community, has not provided water surface elevation data, and has not provided sufficient data to identify the floodway or coastal high hazard area, but the community has indicated

Federal Emergency Management Agency the presence of such hazards by submitting an application to participate in the Program, the community shall: (1) Require permits for all proposed construction or other development in the community, including the placement of manufactured homes, so that it may determine whether such construction or other development is proposed within flood-prone areas; (2) Review proposed development to assure that all necessary permits have been received from those governmental agencies from which approval is required by Federal or State law, including section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, 33 U.S.C. 1334; (3) Review all permit applications to determine whether proposed building sites will be reasonably safe from flooding. If a proposed building site is in a flood-prone area, all new construction and substantial improvements shall (i) be designed (or modified) and adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyancy, (ii) be constructed with materials resistant to flood damage, (iii) be constructed by methods and practices that minimize flood damages, and (iv) be constructed with electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, and air conditioning equipment and other service facilities that are designed and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding. (4) Review subdivision proposals and other proposed new development, including manufactured home parks or subdivisions, to determine whether such proposals will be reasonably safe from flooding. If a subdivision proposal or other proposed new development is in a flood-prone area, any such proposals shall be reviewed to assure that (i) all such proposals are consistent with the need to minimize flood damage within the flood-prone area, (ii) all public utilities and facilities, such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems are located and constructed to minimize or eliminate flood damage, and (iii) adequate drainage is provided to reduce exposure to flood hazards;

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Regulations for 60.3 (C)

12:27 Oct 16, 2002

Jkt 197174 PO 00000 Frm 00252 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\197174T.XXX VerDate 0ct<09>2002 12:27 Oct 16, 2002 These regulations apply if FEMA has provided a notice of final flood elevations for one 197174T or more special flood hazard areas on the community's FIRM and, if appropriate, has designated other special flood hazard areas without base flood elevations on the community's FIRM, but has not identified a regulatory floodway or coastal high hazard area. Prior to submitting any information to FEMA, verify the information against the actual language of the section.

1) Require the standards of 60.3(b) within all A130 zones, AE zones, A zones, AH zones, and AO zones, on the community's FIRM 2) Require that all new construction and substantial improvements of residential structures within Zones A130, AE and AH zones on the community's FIRM have the lowest floor (including basement) elevated to or above the base flood level, unless the community is granted an exception by the Administrator for the allowance of basements in accordance with 60.6 (b) or (c) 3) Require that all new construction and substantial improvements of non-residential structures within Zones A130, AE and AH zones on the community's firm a. have the lowest floor (including basement) elevated to or above the base flood level or b. together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, be designed so that below the base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy 4) Provide that where a non-residential structure is intended to be made watertight below the base flood level, a. a registered professional engineer or architect shall develop and/or review structural design, specifications, and plans for the construction, and shall certify that the design and methods of construction are in accordance with accepted standards of practice for meeting the applicable provisions of paragraph together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, be designed so that below the base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy - or - together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities be completely floodproofed to that level to meet the floodproofing with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, be designed so that below the base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy and b. a record of such certificates which includes the specific elevation (in relation to mean sea level) to which such structures are floodproofed shall be maintained with the official designated by the community under 59.22(a)(9)(iii) 5) Require, for all new construction and substantial improvements, that fully enclosed areas below the lowest floor that are usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement and which are subject to flooding shall be designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls by allowing for the entry and exit of floodwaters. Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect or meet or exceed the following minimum criteria: A minimum of two openings having a total net area of not



§ 60.3

(5) Require within flood-prone areas new and replacement water supply systems to be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the systems; and (6) Require within flood-prone areas (i) new and replacement sanitary sewage systems to be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the systems and discharges from the systems into flood waters and (ii) onsite waste disposal systems to be located to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding. (b) When the Administrator has designated areas of special flood hazards (A zones) by the publication of a community’s FHBM or FIRM, but has neither produced water surface elevation data nor identified a floodway or coastal high hazard area, the community shall: (1) Require permits for all proposed construction and other developments including the placement of manufactured homes, within Zone A on the community’s FHBM or FIRM; (2) Require the application of the standards in paragraphs (a) (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) of this section to development within Zone A on the community’s FHBM or FIRM; (3) Require that all new subdivision proposals and other proposed developments (including proposals for manufactured home parks and subdivisions) greater than 50 lots or 5 acres, whichever is the lesser, include within such proposals base flood elevation data; (4) Obtain, review and reasonably utilize any base flood elevation and floodway data available from a Federal, State, or other source, including data developed pursuant to paragraph (b)(3) of this section, as criteria for requiring that new construction, substantial improvements, or other development in Zone A on the community’s FHBM or FIRM meet the standards in paragraphs (c)(2), (c)(3), (c)(5), (c)(6), (c)(12), (c)(14), (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section; (5) Where base flood elevation data are utilized, within Zone A on the community’s FHBM or FIRM: (i) Obtain the elevation (in relation to mean sea level) of the lowest floor

§ 60.3

44 CFR Ch. I (10–1–02 Edition)

(including basement) of all new and substantially improved structures, and (ii) Obtain, if the structure has been floodproofed in accordance with paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section, the elevation (in relation to mean sea level) to which the structure was floodproofed, and (iii) Maintain a record of all such information with the official designated by the community under § 59.22 (a)(9)(iii); (6) Notify, in riverine situations, adjacent communities and the State Coordinating Office prior to any alteration or relocation of a watercourse, and submit copies of such notifications to the Administrator; (7) Assure that the flood carrying capacity within the altered or relocated portion of any watercourse is maintained; (8) Require that all manufactured homes to be placed within Zone A on a community’s FHBM or FIRM shall be installed using methods and practices which minimize flood damage. For the purposes of this requirement, manufactured homes must be elevated and anchored to resist flotation, collapse, or lateral movement. Methods of anchoring may include, but are not to be limited to, use of over-the-top or frame ties to ground anchors. This requirement is in addition to applicable State and local anchoring requirements for resisting wind forces. (c) When the Administrator has provided a notice of final flood elevations for one or more special flood hazard areas on the community’s FIRM and, if appropriate, has designated other special flood hazard areas without base flood elevations on the community’s FIRM, but has not identified a regulatory floodway or coastal high hazard area, the community shall: (1) Require the standards of paragraph (b) of this section within all A1– 30 zones, AE zones, A zones, AH zones, and AO zones, on the community’s FIRM; (2) Require that all new construction and substantial improvements of residential structures within Zones A1–30, AE and AH zones on the community’s FIRM have the lowest floor (including basement) elevated to or above the base flood level, unless the community

253

less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding shall PO 00000 Frm 00253 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\197174T.XXXVerDate 197174T 0ct<09>2002 12:27 Oct 16, 2002 be provided. The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one foot above grade. Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, valves, or other coverings or devices provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters. 6) Require that manufactured homes that are placed or substantially improved within Zones A130, AH, and AE on the community's FIRM on sites a. Outside of a manufactured home park or subdivision b. In a new manufactured home park or subdivision c. In an expansion to an existing manufactured home park or subdivision, or d. In an existing manufactured home park or subdivision on which a manufactured home has incurred substantial damage as the result of a flood, be elevated on a permanent foundation such that the lowest floor of the manufactured home is elevated to or above the base flood elevation and be securely anchored to an adequately anchored foundation system to resist floatation collapse and lateral movement. 7) Require within any AO zone on the community's FIRM that all new construction and substantial improvements of residential structures have the lowest floor (including basement) elevated above the highest adjacent grade at least as high as the depth number specified in feet on the community's FIRM (at least two feet if no depth number is specified) 8) Require within any AO zone on the community's FIRM that all new construction and substantial improvements of nonresidential structures a. have the lowest floor (including basement) elevated above the highest adjacent grade at least as high as the depth number specified in feet on the community's FIRM (at least two feet if no depth number is specified), or b. together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities be completely floodproofed to that level to meet the floodproofing together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, be designed so that below the base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy 9) Require until a regulatory floodway is designated, that no new construction, substantial improvements, or other development (including fill) shall be permitted within Zones A130 and AE on the community's FIRM, unless it is demonstrated that the cumulative effect of the proposed development, when combined with all other existing and anticipated development, will not increase the water surface elevation of the base flood more than one foot at any point within the community. 10) Require within Zones AH and AO, adequate drainage paths around structures on slopes, to guide floodwaters around and away from proposed structures. 11) Require that manufactured homes to be placed or substantially improved on sites in an existing manufactured home park or subdivision within Zones A130, AH, and AE on the community's FIRM that are not subject to the provisions of paragraph (6) of this section be elevated so that either a. The lowest floor of the manufactured home is at or above the base flood elevation, or Jkt 197174

is granted an exception by the Administrator for the allowance of basements in accordance with § 60.6 (b) or (c); (3) Require that all new construction and substantial improvements of nonresidential structures within Zones A1– 30, AE and AH zones on the community’s firm (i) have the lowest floor (including basement) elevated to or above the base flood level or, (ii) together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, be designed so that below the base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy; (4) Provide that where a non-residential structure is intended to be made watertight below the base flood level, (i) a registered professional engineer or architect shall develop and/or review structural design, specifications, and plans for the construction, and shall certify that the design and methods of construction are in accordance with accepted standards of practice for meeting the applicable provisions of paragraph (c)(3)(ii) or (c)(8)(ii) of this section, and (ii) a record of such certificates which includes the specific elevation (in relation to mean sea level) to which such structures are floodproofed shall be maintained with the official designated by the community under § 59.22(a)(9)(iii); (5) Require, for all new construction and substantial improvements, that fully enclosed areas below the lowest floor that are usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement and which are subject to flooding shall be designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls by allowing for the entry and exit of floodwaters. Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect or meet or exceed the following minimum criteria: A minimum of two openings having a total net area of not less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding shall be provided. The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one foot above grade. Openings

Federal Emergency Management Agency may be equipped with screens, louvers, valves, or other coverings or devices provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters. (6) Require that manufactured homes that are placed or substantially improved within Zones A1–30, AH, and AE on the community’s FIRM on sites (i) Outside of a manufactured home park or subdivision, (ii) In a new manufactured home park or subdivision, (iii) In an expansion to an existing manufactured home park or subdivision, or (iv) In an existing manufactured home park or subdivision on which a manufactured home has incurred ‘‘substantial damage’’ as the result of a flood, be elevated on a permanent foundation such that the lowest floor of the manufactured home is elevated to or above the base flood elevation and be securely anchored to an adequately anchored foundation system to resist floatation collapse and lateral movement. (7) Require within any AO zone on the community’s FIRM that all new construction and substantial improvements of residential structures have the lowest floor (including basement) elevated above the highest adjacent grade at least as high as the depth number specified in feet on the community’s FIRM (at least two feet if no depth number is specified); (8) Require within any AO zone on the community’s FIRM that all new construction and substantial improvements of nonresidential structures (i) have the lowest floor (including basement) elevated above the highest adjacent grade at least as high as the depth number specified in feet on the community’s FIRM (at least two feet if no depth number is specified), or (ii) together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities be completely floodproofed to that level to meet the floodproofing standard specified in § 60.3(c)(3)(ii); (9) Require within any A99 zones on a community’s FIRM the standards of paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4)(i) and (b)(5) through (b)(9) of this section; (10) Require until a regulatory floodway is designated, that no new construction, substantial improve-

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The manufactured chassis is supported by197174T reinforced piers or12:27 other Frm 00254 Fmt 8010 home Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\197174T.XXX VerDate 0ct<09>2002 Oct 16, 2002 Jkt 197174 foundation elements of at least equivalent strength that are no less than 36 inches in height above grade and be securely anchored to an adequately anchored foundation system to resist floatation, collapse, and lateral movement. 12) Notwithstanding any other provisions of 60.3, a community may approve certain development in Zones Al30, AE, and AH, on the community's FIRM which increase the water surface elevation of the base flood by more than one foot, provided that the community first applies for a conditional FIRM revision, fulfills the requirements for such a revision as established under the provisions of 65.12, and receives the approval of the Administrator. 13) Require that recreational vehicles placed on sites within Zones A130, AH, and AE on the community's FIRM either (i) Be on the site for fewer than 180 consecutive days, (ii) Be fully licensed and ready for highway use, or (iii) Meet the permit requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this section and the elevation and anchoring requirements for manufactured homes in paragraph (c)(6) of this section.

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A recreational vehicle is ready for highway use if it is on its wheels or jacking system, is attached to the site only by quick disconnect type utilities and security devices, and has no permanently attached additions.

§ 60.3

ments, or other development (including fill) shall be permitted within Zones A1–30 and AE on the community’s FIRM, unless it is demonstrated that the cumulative effect of the proposed development, when combined with all other existing and anticipated development, will not increase the water surface elevation of the base flood more than one foot at any point within the community. (11) Require within Zones AH and AO, adequate drainage paths around structures on slopes, to guide floodwaters around and away from proposed structures. (12) Require that manufactured homes to be placed or substantially improved on sites in an existing manufactured home park or subdivision within Zones A–1–30, AH, and AE on the community’s FIRM that are not subject to the provisions of paragraph (c)(6) of this section be elevated so that either (i) The lowest floor of the manufactured home is at or above the base flood elevation, or (ii) The manufactured home chassis is supported by reinforced piers or other foundation elements of at least equivalent strength that are no less than 36 inches in height above grade and be securely anchored to an adequately anchored foundation system to resist floatation, collapse, and lateral movement. (13) Notwithstanding any other provisions of § 60.3, a community may approve certain development in Zones Al– 30, AE, and AH, on the community’s FIRM which increase the water surface elevation of the base flood by more than one foot, provided that the community first applies for a conditional FIRM revision, fulfills the requirements for such a revision as established under the provisions of § 65.12, and receives the approval of the Administrator. (14) Require that recreational vehicles placed on sites within Zones A1–30, AH, and AE on the community’s FIRM either (i) Be on the site for fewer than 180 consecutive days, (ii) Be fully licensed and ready for highway use, or (iii) Meet the permit requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this section and the

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§ 60.3

44 CFR Ch. I (10–1–02 Edition)

elevation and anchoring requirements for ‘‘manufactured homes’’ in paragraph (c)(6) of this section. A recreational vehicle is ready for highway use if it is on its wheels or jacking system, is attached to the site only by quick disconnect type utilities and security devices, and has no permanently attached additions. (d) When the Administrator has provided a notice of final base flood elevations within Zones A1–30 and/or AE on the community’s FIRM and, if appropriate, has designated AO zones, AH zones, A99 zones, and A zones on the community’s FIRM, and has provided data from which the community shall designate its regulatory floodway, the community shall: (1) Meet the requirements of paragraphs (c) (1) through (14) of this section; (2) Select and adopt a regulatory floodway based on the principle that the area chosen for the regulatory floodway must be designed to carry the waters of the base flood, without increasing the water surface elevation of that flood more than one foot at any point; (3) Prohibit encroachments, including fill, new construction, substantial improvements, and other development within the adopted regulatory floodway unless it has been demonstrated through hydrologic and hydraulic analyses performed in accordance with standard engineering practice that the proposed encroachment would not result in any increase in flood levels within the community during the occurrence of the base flood discharge; (4) Notwithstanding any other provisions of § 60.3, a community may permit encroachments within the adopted regulatory floodway that would result in an increase in base flood elevations, provided that the community first applies for a conditional FIRM and floodway revision, fulfills the requirements for such revisions as established under the provisions of § 65.12, and receives the approval of the Administrator. (e) When the Administrator has provided a notice of final base flood elevations within Zones A1–30 and/or AE on the community’s FIRM and, if ap-

propriate, has designated AH zones, AO zones, A99 zones, and A zones on the community’s FIRM, and has identified on the community’s FIRM coastal high hazard areas by designating Zones V1– 30, VE, and/or V, the community shall: (1) Meet the requirements of paragraphs (c)(1) through (14) of this section; (2) Within Zones V1–30, VE, and V on a community’s FIRM, (i ) obtain the elevation (in relation to mean sea level) of the bottom of the lowest structural member of the lowest floor (excluding pilings and columns) of all new and substantially improved structures, and whether or not such structures contain a basement, and (ii) maintain a record of all such information with the official designated by the community under § 59.22(a)(9)(iii); (3) Provide that all new construction within Zones V1–30, VE, and V on the community’s FIRM is located landward of the reach of mean high tide; (4) Provide that all new construction and substantial improvements in Zones V1–30 and VE, and also Zone V if base flood elevation data is available, on the community’s FIRM, are elevated on pilings and columns so that (i) the bottom of the lowest horizontal structural member of the lowest floor (excluding the pilings or columns) is elevated to or above the base flood level; and (ii) the pile or column foundation and structure attached thereto is anchored to resist flotation, collapse and lateral movement due to the effects of wind and water loads acting simultaneously on all building components. Water loading values used shall be those associated with the base flood. Wind loading values used shall be those required by applicable State or local building standards. A registered professional engineer or architect shall develop or review the structural design, specifications and plans for the construction, and shall certify that the design and methods of construction to be used are in accordance with accepted standards of practice for meeting the provisions of paragraphs (e)(4) (i) and (ii) of this section. (5) Provide that all new construction and substantial improvements within Zones V1–30, VE, and V on the community’s FIRM have the space below the

Federal Emergency Management Agency lowest floor either free of obstruction or constructed with non-supporting breakaway walls, open wood latticework, or insect screening intended to collapse under wind and water loads without causing collapse, displacement, or other structural damage to the elevated portion of the building or supporting foundation system. For the purposes of this section, a breakway wall shall have a design safe loading resistance of not less than 10 and no more than 20 pounds per square foot. Use of breakway walls which exceed a design safe loading resistance of 20 pounds per square foot (either by design or when so required by local or State codes) may be permitted only if a registered professional engineer or architect certifies that the designs proposed meet the following conditions: (i) Breakaway wall collapse shall result from a water load less than that which would occur during the base flood; and, (ii) The elevated portion of the building and supporting foundation system shall not be subject to collapse, displacement, or other structural damage due to the effects of wind and water loads acting simultaneously on all building components (structural and non-structural). Water loading values used shall be those associated with the base flood. Wind loading values used shall be those required by applicable State or local building standards. Such enclosed space shall be useable solely for parking of vehicles, building access, or storage. (6) Prohibit the use of fill for structural support of buildings within Zones V1–30, VE, and V on the community’s FIRM; (7) Prohibit man-made alteration of sand dunes and mangrove stands within Zones V1–30, VE, and V on the community’s FIRM which would increase potential flood damage. (8) Require that manufactured homes placed or substantially improved within Zones V1–30, V, and VE on the community’s FIRM on sites (i) Outside of a manufactured home park or subdivision, (ii) In a new manufactured home park or subdivision,

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§ 60.3

(iii) In an expansion to an existing manufactured home park or subdivision, or (iv) In an existing manufactured home park or subdivision on which a manufactured home has incurred ‘‘substantial damage’’ as the result of a flood, meet the standards of paragraphs (e)(2) through (7) of this section and that manufactured homes placed or substantially improved on other sites in an existing manufactured home park or subdivision within Zones VI–30, V, and VE on the community’s FIRM meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(12) of this section. (9) Require that recreational vehicles placed on sites within Zones V1–30, V, and VE on the community’s FIRM either (i) Be on the site for fewer than 180 consecutive days, (ii) Be fully licensed and ready for highway use, or (iii) Meet the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) and (e) (2) through (7) of this section. A recreational vehicle is ready for highway use if it is on its wheels or jacking system, is attached to the site only by quick disconnect type utilities and security devices, and has no permanently attached additions. (f) When the Administrator has provided a notice of final base flood elevations within Zones A1–30 or AE on the community’s FIRM, and, if appropriate, has designated AH zones, AO zones, A99 zones, and A zones on the community’s FIRM, and has identified flood protection restoration areas by designating Zones AR, AR/A1–30, AR/ AE, AR/AH, AR/AO, or AR/A, the community shall: (1) Meet the requirements of paragraphs (c)(1) through (14) and (d)(1) through (4) of this section. (2) Adopt the official map or legal description of those areas within Zones AR, AR/A1–30, AR/AE, AR/AH, AR/A, or AR/AO that are designated developed areas as defined in §59.1 in accordance with the eligibility procedures under §65.14. (3) For all new construction of structures in areas within Zone AR that are designated as developed areas and in other areas within Zone AR where the AR flood depth is 5 feet or less:

§ 60.4

44 CFR Ch. I (10–1–02 Edition)

(i) Determine the lower of either the AR base flood elevation or the elevation that is 3 feet above highest adjacent grade; and (ii) Using this elevation, require the standards of paragraphs (c)(1) through (14) of this section. (4) For all new construction of structures in those areas within Zone AR that are not designated as developed areas where the AR flood depth is greater than 5 feet: (i) Determine the AR base flood elevation; and (ii) Using that elevation require the standards of paragraphs (c)(1) through (14) of this section. (5) For all new construction of structures in areas within Zone AR/A1–30, AR/AE, AR/AH, AR/AO, and AR/A: (i) Determine the applicable elevation for Zone AR from paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) of this section; (ii) Determine the base flood elevation or flood depth for the underlying A1–30, AE, AH, AO and A Zone; and (iii) Using the higher elevation from paragraphs (a)(5)(i) and (ii) of this section require the standards of paragraphs (c)(1) through (14) of this section. (6) For all substantial improvements to existing construction within Zones AR/A1–30, AR/AE, AR/AH, AR/AO, and AR/A: (i) Determine the A1–30 or AE, AH, AO, or A Zone base flood elevation; and (ii) Using this elevation apply the requirements of paragraphs (c)(1) through (14) of this section. (7) Notify the permit applicant that the area has been designated as an AR, AR/A1–30, AR/AE, AR/AH, AR/AO, or AR/A Zone and whether the structure will be elevated or protected to or above the AR base flood elevation. [41 FR 46975, Oct. 26, 1976] EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting § 60.3, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.

§ 60.4 Flood plain management criteria for mudslide (i.e., mudflow)-prone areas. The Administrator will provide the data upon which flood plain manage-

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ment regulations shall be based. If the Administrator has not provided sufficient data to furnish a basis for these regulations in a particular community, the community shall obtain, review, and reasonably utilize data available from other Federal, State or other sources pending receipt of data from the Administrator. However, when special mudslide (i.e., mudflow) hazard area designations have been furnished by the Administrator, they shall apply. The symbols defining such special mudslide (i.e., mudflow) hazard designations are set forth in § 64.3 of this subchapter. In all cases, the minimum requirements for mudslide (i.e., mudflow)-prone areas adopted by a particular community depend on the amount of technical data provided to the community by the Administrator. Minimum standards for communities are as follows: (a) When the Administrator has not yet identified any area within the community as an area having special mudslide (i.e., mudflow) hazards, but the community has indicated the presence of such hazards by submitting an application to participate in the Program, the community shall (1) Require permits for all proposed construction or other development in the community so that it may determine whether development is proposed within mudslide (i.e., mudflow)-prone areas; (2) Require review of each permit application to determine whether the proposed site and improvements will be reasonably safe from mudslides (i.e., mudflows). Factors to be considered in making such a determination should include but not be limited to (i) the type and quality of soils, (ii) any evidence of ground water or surface water problems, (iii) the depth and quality of any fill, (iv) the overall slope of the site, and (v) the weight that any proposed structure will impose on the slope; (3) Require, if a proposed site and improvements are in a location that may have mudslide (i.e., mudflow) hazards, that (i) a site investigation and further review be made by persons qualified in geology and soils engineering, (ii) the proposed grading, excavations, new

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Appendix Michelle Ungar | Thesis Proposal | Nature Healing Retreat for Children

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