Lighting India Nov-Dec 08 by Miguel Daza

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Publisher’s Publisher’s Notes

. .

While wishing you all a prosperous new year it is difﬁcult to put out of mind the 26/11 gory end of 2008. We have come to a stage where one can only hope that peace disturbing terror acts do not become inherent part of our life. In this issue we bring into focus James Law’s Cybertecture with its very happening phenomenon fusing the worlds of technology with architecture in prominent cities of the globe topped with an exclusive interview with him. We get a whiff of how the DALI protocol (Technology Disappears Light Appear by ERCO’s Thomas Schielke) can transform our leaving spaces where borders between functional zones get dematerialized, provided of course if you can share your apartment with invisible “intelligence”. For art lighting enthusiasts Valentina Figuerola in Perfect Communion takes us close to reality of the works of artists displayed at the Inhotim Centre of contemporary Art. Pradeep Bhagat’s Urban Lighting Master Plans looks at productivity, visibility and lighting pollution among others. The ‘Dark Sky’ crusader Pradeep Bhagat is hammering at it once again and those graduating to parenthood can educate on Children Lighting. In the interview with Prof. Thomas Little of Boston University we get an insight in the futuristic development of optical communication technology that would make an LED light the equivalent of a WiFi access point. With Clay Paky’s Alpha Beam 300 highlights for the roaring Tina Turner concerts this appetizer number is a pleasant starter for more things to come through 2009. Meanwhile can we have your enlightening views on miyer@charypublications.in ?

Mahadevan Iyer Editor &Publisher

November - December 2008 Lighting India

In this issue we bring into focus James Law’s Cybertecture with its very happening phenomenon fusing the worlds of technology with architecture.

Live The Future - James Law

Cybertecture A futuristic office building for Mumbai

Interview

C70 Cybertecture Egg project is a “Cybertecture” ofﬁce building that brings together Iconic Architecture, Environmental Design, Intelligent Systems, and New Engineering together to create the most innovative building for the city of Mumbai and for India in the 21st Century.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Cover Story

Interview

Contents

Illumination & Communication - Prof. Thomas Little

Contents

Vol - III • No.6 November - December 2008

New Generation Tunnel Lighting - by Keselec Schréder

Technology disappears – Light appears - Thomas Schielke

At the Water Tower in Saragossa...

Lighting Challenges in the Project of an Aircraft Carrier

- Maurici Ginés & Diana Joels

Light Sense of Urban Lighting Master Plans and Light Pollution

- Cinzia Ferrara

- Pradeep Bhagat

74 Perfect Communion - Valentina Figuerola

Professional Lighting

- by Clay Paky

84 Departments Publisher's Note ............. 02 Editorial ......................... 06 Newsline ........................ 08 Product Profile ................ 83

Children’s Lighting : No Kidding

- Indira R Acharya

Lighting India November -December 2008

Editorial Editor/Publisher Mahadevan Iyer miyer@charypublications.in

ghting designing, the effective execution of art, architect and technology together has emerged as a very important aspect in today’s world. Successful lighting designing of a space is as important as the architectural designing. So the role of a lighting designer is no way less vital than that of an architect when the question of high quality, energy efficient and eco-friendly atmosphere arises. Earlier, Lighting was being considered as an afterthought for some architects, but the situations have changed drastically. Over the decade lighting design has been able to grab the global attention and started gaining credibility as an essential component in creating dynamic environment. Gradually, implementation of lighting design plan from the commencement of any architectural projects has become a need of the hour, thus Architect and Lighting designer become equally important and ought to work hand in hand. Lighting is not merely to illuminate a space from the Lighting designer’s point of view. It is also to make a space more livable. The more attention is dedicated to every facet of lighting whilst designing an architectural project, the more a building becomes comfortable and efficient. A precisely created lighting design reduces maintenance costs, energy guzzling, and creates a mood of happiness. Over a period of time Daylighting has evolved as an important segment of lighting designing. Bulk of electrical energy is being utilized for lighting our spaces artificially. Daylighting can play a significant role by allowing the admittance of required natural light into a space through windows to diminish the use of artificial lighting. Thus, by providing the natural light, Daylighting technology helps to create a visually inspiring and quality atmosphere, while reducing the energy consumption and carbon footprints. It has therefore become equally important to give fanatical attention in effective utilization of Daylighting to reduce the electricity loads and enhance environment from the point of view of aestheticity as well as productivity.

Associate Editor Subhajit Roy subhajit@charypublications.in

Editorial Consultant Rajendra Kumar Rai Design & Production Bipin Balakrishnan Accounts Department Dattakumar S. Barge Director Advertising Pravita Iyer pravita@charypublications.in

Subscription Department Nafisa S. Kaisar nafisa@charypublications.in

Advertisement Executive Yasmeen Kazi Editorial, Subscription & Advertisement Office : 311, Raikar Chambers, Govandi (E), Mumbai 400 088. Tel.: 4017 3300 • Fax: 022-4017 3301 Printed, published, edited and owned by Mahadevan Iyer and published from 311, Raikar Chambers, Govandi (E), Mumbai 400 088 and printed at Finalcopy (India) Pvt Ltd., b-33, 4th Floor, Royal Indl. Est., Wadala, Mumbai 400 031.

Disclaimer

- Subhajit Roy

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Readers are recommended to make appropriate independent enquires before incurring any expense or entering into any commitment in relation to any advertisement published in this edition and magazine. Chary Publications Pvt. Ltd. does not vouch for any claims made by the Advertisers. Further Chary Publications does not take responsibility for claims made by advertisers relating to ownership, patents, and use of trademarks, copyrights and such other rights. The Printer, Publisher, Editor and Owner of Chary Publications shall not be held responsible/liable for any consequences, in the event such claims are found not to be true. All objections, disputes, differences, claims and proceedings are subject to Mumbai jurisdiction only.

NewsLine Madison Area Technical College Joins the LED University™ Program

ree, Inc. , a leader in LED lighting, announces that Madison Area Technical College (MATC) in Wisconsin is joining the LED University™ program, an international community of universities working to accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient LEDs across their campuses. MATC began installing LED lighting fixtures in mid-2007 with eight BetaLED bollard lights that illuminate student walkways on the college’s downtown campus. Approximately 400 LED fixtures illuminate a number of MATC campus venues, including outdoor walkways, the student center, administration offices, bus stop shelters and display cases. “We estimate that MATC is achieving, on average, a 30percent reduction in energy use for lighting across a variety of indoor and outdoor applications. That’s pretty impressive given that indoor LED lighting installations have replaced T8 fluorescent tubes, which had previously been considered the most energy-efficient option,” said Wes Marquardt, MATC engineering services manager. “We are committed to energy conservation while at the same time providing good lighting levels for our staff and students. We are evaluating LED lighting across nearly every lighting application and deploying LED lights when they meet our requirements for energy savings and light quality” he added.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Philips Restores Iconic Boston Tower With EnergyEfficient Led Lighting

oston's first official skyscraper, the Marriott Custom House Tower, has undergone a longawaited lighting makeover to reclaim its skyline prominence in a smart and sustainable way. Formerly lit by incandescent-based fixtures that had fallen into disrepair, the Tower has been restored to its fully-illuminated state using LED fixtures that consume just one third the energy of the previous sources. The permanent installation was unveiled in October as part of illuminale BOSTON 08. The Tower's lighting scheme was conceptualized by Lam Partners Inc., who had also designed the former lighting treatment 20 years ago. Since then great progress has been made in energy-efficient and longer-life sources, particularly LEDs. The design team chose new LED-based lighting fixtures from Philips Color Kinetics that, in addition to consuming less energy, require far less maintenance with a projected lifetime of more than 20 years at six hours of use per day. An approximate total of 125 eW® Blast Powercore and eW Graze Powercore fixtures now illuminate the Tower from the 17th floor to the peak, while energy-efficient metal halide fixtures from Philips Lightolier illuminate the building's base

Italian premier division football club chooses Lighthouse LED Screens

rtemio Franchi Stadium, home to Italian premier division and UEFA Champion’s League club ACF Fiorentina, has recently seen the installation of a new Lighthouse P12-ER LED screen to provide added interest for the club’s supporters and visiting football fans. Measuring six panels wide by six panels high (9.60m x 7.20m), the 12mm visual resolution P12-ER screen is being used as a scoreboard and to show advertisements during matches. It serves as a medium that can support new and interesting content and provide a valuable additional revenue stream for the club. Lighthouse handled both the sale and integration of the screen. It was chosen as the best technological solution available to meet the club’s requirements. Alessio Giagnoni, Lighthouse’s sales support manager for Southern Europe said, “P12-ER was designed specifically for the sports market. Its 5000 nits of brightness can cope with direct sunlight and its wide viewing angle gives the best possible view for the maximum amount of spectators possible.”

NewsLine

Tripping the light fantastic

IALD Announces Partnership With US Department of Energy Designed to Improve Energy Efficiency In Lighting Systems

howlight has always been highly regarded as one of the best networking events in the international lighting calendar, with plenty of time given over to the social side of the event. Showlight 2009 continues in that tradition. Showlight is a colloquium - a meeting for discussion – and papers of between 15 and 25 minutes duration are presented over the three days. The event is supported by an exhibition of some 40 companies, which is closed during presentation of the papers. Sponsored by Martin Professional, Showlight 2009 will be of interest to anyone involved in entertainment and architectural lighting design. One of the most popular will undoubtedly be the visit to the Philips factory in Hamilton, which offers the opportunity to see one of the last remaining lamp manufacturing processes in Western Europe. Philips makes the SOX range of lamps here, with much of the work still being carried out by hand, and also assemble other types of luminaires, many of them specifically for sports venues, such as all the fittings for the first night time Grand Prix at Singapore. This visit will undoubtedly be heavily booked, and will be allocated on a first come, first served basis. Showlight takes place from May 16 to 19, 2009, at BBC Scotland's new state of the art headquarters in Glasgow.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

he International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) and The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in November 2008 to work cooperatively toward improving the efficient use of energy by lighting equipment and systems. The MOU emphasizes the importance of minimizing the impact of energy use on the environment in support of DOE SSL programs on lighting quality. The MOU highlights four key areas on which the IALD and the U.S. DOE will collaborate: • Promoting lighting design principles and technologies that improve lighting quality, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability • Developing and disseminating technical information to assist the lighting design community in the assessment and specification of SSL and other efficient technologies • Jointly facilitating forums in which lighting designers can exchange ideas and information with DOE and provide input to DOE lighting program planning • Encouraging professional lighting designers to participate in DOE lighting projects

The Ion-isation of entertainment lighting control

ince ETC introduced its compact new Ion lighting control desk a year ago, orders have come in from around the world. Nearly 1,000 new end users have seized the value in Ion’s powerful functionality and affordable price point, from traditional mid-sized theatres, to independent contractors who own their own Ions. Lighting designer Tim Edwards of TS Lighting in west London uses an Ion for control on all of his shows – from simple generic rigs to large ones requiring moving lights and complicated cueing. In addition to Ion’s operational simplicity and the ability to address very simple or very complex luminaires, the desk’s optional Universal Fader Wings appeal to TV production, with up to 300 pageable submasters for the kind of quickchange, hands-on control so often critical to daily demands of TV lighting. Pittsburgh Public TV in Pennsylvania, TV 2 in Oslo, Norway; and Dubai TV in the UAE, are just some of the broadcast venues controlling their rigs with Ion. Wherever sophisticated yet highly accessible lighting control is needed, Ion is specified

NewsLine Crystal IS Wins $800,000 Defense Grant To Develop Deep UV LEDs

rystal IS, Inc., the world’s leading manufacturer of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) based on aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate technology, announced it will receive an $800,000 appropriation from the U.S. Department of Defense to advance development of large AlN crystals for effective deep ultraviolet sources. “Our unique technology allows us to manufacture UV LEDs with unsurpassed performance at truly commercially viable costs,” said Crystal IS CEO Steven Berger. “This grant serves as yet another validation of using AlN-based UV-LEDs to enable cleaner water and air for consumer, industrial and government customers.” As part of the program, Crystal IS will partner with the Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, MD as well as the Electro-Optics Center (EOC) at Penn State University. The program will leverage the recent development of large singlecrystal AlN substrates into robust semiconductor sources of deep ultraviolet light as well as other high power, high temperature applications of great importance to the military. AlN has been demonstrated to be superior for deep UV light-emitting applications. The primary applications of UV-LEDs are as long-lasting, energy efﬁcient, water and air disinfection devices. Crystal IS Inc is developing its deep UV-LEDs at 265nm, the peak germicidal wavelength

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Inventronics Announces 100W Constant Current Supply for LED Lighting Applications

nventronics, a China based company has announced the release of the EWC-100 series power supplies designed specifically for high brightness LED lighting applications. At present, there are eight different models in the family providing current levels ranging from 350 mA to 4000 mA. These products deliver up to 93% efficiency and have been specifically designed for maximum reliability and extended operating life. They are housed in a rugged aluminum enclosure which meets the IP67 ingress protection standard allowing this product to be used in indoor or outdoor applications. All of the products in the new EWC-100 series operate over a universal input range of 90 - 264 Vac and offer active power factor correction. These power supplies provide a variety of critical protection features such as short-circuit, over voltage, and over-temperature protection. This new series also offers robust lightning protection and complies with UL8750 and EN60950-1 safety standards. “As the demand heats up for high efficiency general purpose lighting more and more people are turning to solid-state solutions,” said Gary Hua, President and founder of Inventronics.

Lighting Retailers Market to Transform in 2009

new report from MTW Research on the UK Lighting Market forecasts that whilst independent lighting retailers may lose some market share in 2009, a period of rapid transition and market re-positioning should result in a more healthy lighting distribution channel from 2010 onwards. The report, based on company sales from 70% of the market, found that lighting retailers are facing an increasingly difﬁcult and complex trading environment in late 2008, with rising pressure on sales and proﬁtability likely to characterise the channel in 2009 as DIY, home improvement and refurbishment activity slows. MTW’s report forecasts that the sector will undergo a period of rapid transformation in the coming 12-18 months, as retailers reposition themselves in order to avoid further pricing pressures. However, the report also provides a degree of optimism, with market growth forecast for the medium term and more than 70% of the industry regarded as being a ‘low or below average risk

NewsLine Eden Park Illumination Announces a New Generation of Light

den Park Illumination is proud to announce the development of a unique patented ultra-thin flat lighting technology based on the science of Microplasma LightingTM. This new lighting device, almost as thin as average credit card, offers remarkable form factor versatility and will inspire many professionals involved in the application of light. In addition to producing light levels suitable for illumination applications and being very energy efficient, Microplasma is an earth-friendly, mercury-free light source with a long expected lifetime of up to 50,000 hours. “This disruptive technology will provide the designer for the first time flat and homogeneous light sources that can be integrated into a space,” comments Philip G. Warner, CEO of Eden Park Illumination. “With efficiencies surpassing that of functional LED systems and soon to equal that of fluorescent lighting, and without any mercury content, it can produce form factors that are discreet and will lead to flexible sources in the near future. Micro and nano technology will become common place and will rapidly apply to lighting, emerging as the light source solutions of the 21st century.” Beyond its extremely thin profile of less than 3mm thick, Eden Park’s Microplasma device combines a high luminance of up to 13,000 cd/m2 and a current luminous efficacy of 30 lumens per watt (LPW), expecting to reach over 100 LPW

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Oree Inc. Secures $4 Million Venture Loan from Silicon Valley Bank and Kreos Capital

ree Inc., developer of the world’s first flat, ultra thin, highly energy efficient LED lighting engine, announced that it has secured a $4 million venture loan from SVB (Silicon Valley Bank) and Kreos Capital. The funding will be devoted to manufacturing and expanding business developments activities. Oree’s technology enables the transmission of LEDs into a uniform surface in an ultra thin structure, making the “light bulb” as thin and flat as a credit card. The technology significantly decreases the energy consumption and radiated heat of standard lighting solutions. The product, made of entirely non-hazardous materials, offers improved light quality with a longer life span. Oree improves the amount of light extracted and significantly reduces the cost of the system. As there is no physical depth for the lighting fixtures, the product is ideal for displays and decorative lighting environments where a uniform surface illumination is needed, but space is limited. The product is flexible inviting creative applications of all shapes and sizes

LightWild Lighting Illuminates "Thin Blue Line" of the Peace Officers Memorial in St. Paul LightWild announced that it has completed the LED in-grade lighting for the "Thin Blue Line" on the Peace Officers Memorial in St. Paul, MN. The memorial, which is located on the State Capitol Mall, was conceived by Jim Crawford, then Chief of Police in Golden Valley, Minnesota. The Minnesota Law Enforcement Memorial Association (LEMA) was founded with the sole purpose of building a memorial to Minnesota peace officers who have died in the line of duty. The "Thin Blue Line" is a phrase known worldwide by Police Officers which denotes the separation of lawful society and unlawful society or chaos. To achieve the dramatic lighted blue line, lighting designer, Deb Edwards of Lighting Matters, used thirty-six rectangular LightWild Tiles (2x48 in or 50x1200 mm) installed endto-end starting at the front of the memorial, up the stairs, across the plaza, under the waterfalls, ending at the back of the memorial. In addition to the LightWild Tiles, blue glass tiles were installed to ensure the "Thin Blue Line" is illuminated day and night

NewsLine EU Member States approve the phasing-out of incandescent bulbs by 2012

Nila Lighting System wins LDI Debuting Product Award

At a meeting of the Ecodesign Regulatory Committee, EU Member States experts endorsed the European Commission's proposals for a regulation progressively phasing out incandescent bulbs starting in 2009 and finishing at the end of 2012. By enforcing the regulation of switching to energy saving bulbs, EU citizens will save close to 40 TWh (roughly the electricity consumption of Romania, or of 11 million European households, or the equivalent of the yearly output of 10 power stations of 500 megawatts) and will lead to a reduction of about 15 million tons of CO 2 emission per year.

The regulation targets lamps typically used in households (in particular incandescent lamps, halogen lamps and compact fluorescent lamps) by setting minimum energy efficiency and functionality requirements. The regulation takes into account consumer expectations in terms of aesthetics, functionality and health concerns. It progressively removes incandescent bulbs from the market in a way that allows manufacturers to adapt their production. Consumers will still have the choice between long-life compact fluorescent lamps that currently yield the highest energy savings (up to 75% less energy than incandescent lamps), or efficient halogen lamps that are fully equivalent to incandescent bulbs in terms of light quality, providing between 25% and 50% energy savings.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

t the LDI 2008 tradeshow in Las Vegas, the Nila Lighting System won a prestigious Debuting Product Award, Lighting. The judges felt that “the Nila Lighting System is a new lighting solution for the entertainment industry, setting an unprecedented environmental standard for low-energy consumption, while delivering unmatched lighting performance and product versatility.” The Nila Lighting System is manufactured by Nila, Inc. and distributed for sales and rentals exclusively by PRG. Nila is an easily configurable, modular solid-state light designed for film and television applications that raises the standard for environmental sustainability without sacrificing performance. It is designed to be rugged and durable enough to stand up to the rigors of location shooting and it easily mixes with tungsten and HMI sources. The Nila Lighting System is an innovative and forward thinking tool that is already being quickly adopted by the industry, including extensive use in the new James Bond film, Quantum of Solace. The Nila Lighting System offers unprecedented durability without forfeiting output or control. The Nila light is designed to be green from start to finish.

Barco Releases New High End Systems Automated Luminaire Barco, a global leader in Video Lighting Solutions, announces the release of a new High End Systems automated luminaire. The new version of SHOWGUN, the SHOWGUN 2.5 automated luminaire, begins shipping today. SHOWGUN 2.5 offers 30 percent more photonic output than its predecessor via a new 2500-watt Philips MSR lamp source producing 130,000 lumens of light. High End Systems co-developed the lamp with Philips. The SHOWGUN 2.5 automated luminaire is a hybrid spot/ wash beam combination which provides entertainment lighting design possibilities in three dimensions: first, in the air with hard or soft-edge beams; second, with images projected on the stage surface; and third, at the SHOWGUN fixture itself by using an innovative LED Tracking System. SHOWGUN 2.5 produces a true focused hard-edge (for projecting LithoPattern images) or brilliant soft-edge, without the need for two fixture types.

NewsLine EML of Belgium adds G-LEC Phantom30 system to stock

ML Productions, one of Europe’s leading lighting, sound and video hire and production companies, is adding G-LEC’s Phantom30 LED video display system to its inventory, with the acquisition of 150 frames. Based in Belgium, with offices in the Netherlands and Spain, EML is the main supplier for the biggest festivals and concerts in Europe, so quality and performance were paramount in the decision making process. Dirk Bosloirs, operations director for EML, explains, “We have worked with Supporting Role for many years and when we were looking for an LED frame system, they gave us good reports of G-LEC. We investigated further, saw the system in action at Hockenheim in July, and then met up again at PLASA in September. The beauty of the system is its flexibility – you can configure it to any kind of production type, from very small to extremely large.” As a production company, EML provides its services to a broad range of markets, including television, corporate event, theatre and concerts, and has several projects in the pipeline where they expect the Phantom30 to work well. “Our clients will really appreciate the quality and flexibility of the G-LEC system,” says Dirk, “and our crew members like the quick and easy way the system is rigged.”

GE's New Tetra® FX Special Effects Controller Sets the Stage for Dynamic LED Lighting

rchitectural lighting professionals are able to create a broad assortment of vibrant lighting effects using the new Tetra® FX special effects controller from Lumination, LLC, GE Consumer & Industrial's LED business. The controller allows designers to create dynamic LED lighting effects such as dimming, sequencing, flashing, chasing, color changing and color mixing. Tetra FX is designed to provide maximum compatibility. It seamlessly connects and interfaces with standard DMX 512 controllers, enabling tremendous flexibility when paired with any 12V or 24V Tetra LED lighting system. The easy-to-use address selector allows for the creation of up to 512 unique controller addresses, and four output banks can support up to four different Tetra LED lighting systems. Additional systems can easily be added by connecting multiple Tetra FX controllers with a Y-splitter cable. Tetra FX also brings the many benefits of Tetra LED systems to architectural lighting design. Durable and impact resistant, Tetra LED systems deliver a long lifespan of up to 50,000 hours. The systems are also simple to install and are up to 80 percent more energy efficient than neon

ETC Source Fours light the Eiffel Tower

he Eiffel Tower is often lit in different colours and hues, such as green for the Rugby World Cup – with white beams of light to form a crossbar – or scarlet for the Chinese New Year. For the second half of 2008, blue has had its turn, with over 140 ETC Source Four luminaires being used to wash the world famous landmark in the colours of the European flag, celebrating France taking its turn to hold the Presidency of the European Union. To safeguard against the elements, French rental company Magnum used dichroic glass filters, avoiding the need for perishable lighting gels. They then used LED luminaires to create yellow stars on the structure, symbolising the 12 stars of the flag. Jean Louis Pernette, managing director of ETC’s French distributor Avab, says: “Magnum has always used lots of ETC Source Four profile, zoom and fixed focus luminaires, but wanted an MSR lamp for several applications.” Jean Louis concludes: “Magnum was able to provide an excellent and innovative solution, resulting in perfect results which millions of visitors to Paris were able to experience.”

Lighting India November -December 2008

Cybertecture

Cybertecture A futuristic office building for

Mumbai

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Cybertecture

C70 Cybertecture Egg project is a â&#x20AC;&#x153;Cybertectureâ&#x20AC;? office building that brings together Iconic Architecture, Environmental Design, Intelligent Systems, and New Engineering together to create the most innovative building for the city of Mumbai and for India in the 21st Century.

Lighting India November -December 2008

Cybertecture n the 21st Century, buildings will be different from 20th Century, they are no longer about concrete, steel and glass, but also the new intangible materials of technology, multimedia, intelligence and interactivity. Only be recognizing this will bring a new form of architecture to light namely a “Cybertecture”.

The concept was inspired by looking at the world in terms of the planet being an ecosystem that allows life to evolve. The concept for this building is rather like planet earth, where a sustainable ecosystem is derived from an integrated and seamless Cybertecture that is evolving to give the building’s inhabitants the very best space to work in. The analogy to the form of the building is for the beautiful planet form to “land” on site in Mumbai, and create a new Cybertecture ecosystem for people who will use this building. The form of the architecture is one that symbolizes with optimism about the future and of the 21st Century. The symbolic “planet” form is further stretched to cater for ground floor plus 13 levels of office space derived a “Egg” shaped building. This “Egg” is further orientated and skewed at an angle to create both a strong visual language as well as to alleviate the solar gain of the building. By using this “Egg” shape, compared to a conventional building, this building has approximately 1020% less surface area. The architecture is sleek and computer designed, with engineering that creates a building of extremely high quality and geometric sophistication. This building will act like a “jewel” for the new Central Business District of Mumbai, and a worthy neighbor to the esteemed neighboring buildings of the district. Within the building, an innovative structure derived from the skin of the egg creates up to 30m spans of columnless floors. Also within, innovative Cybertecture Technologies empower people to work in a better way.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Cybertecture

O Tower

Fusion of Engineering and Technology

Lighting installed on faรงade diagrid is not for decorative purpose but to abstractly provide useful information such as the weather forecast like an art grow in the dark.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Cybertecture

s the world becomes inter-connected and globalization ever apparent, Cybertecture offers deﬁnitive solutions redeﬁned to encompass both the worlds of technology and architecture. The world of Cybertecture provides a limitless world of possibilities – projects requiring this have led to

DALI an evolution that has technology with architecture merged together in a futuristic balance. O-Tower is an iconic residential building in Jumeirah Village, Dubai. With no restriction in height for the development, O-Tower had been designed to reach more than 240m to embody the mini Burj

Dubai Tower effect. With this extreme in height and the incorporation of wrap around garden terraces, views of apartments can be further enhanced. The thin ﬁnger form can also maximize the buffer space to adjacent buildings to enhance natural ventilation and sun light. In O-Tower, non conventional steel diagrid structure system is being used, wrapping the facade in the woven pattern and allowing for the floor plates to be column free. This increase the flexibility to utilize the interior space. Cybertecture technologies such as “Cybertecture Health TM ” is installed on each apartment to meet the needs of “live the future”. Lighting installed on façade diagrid is not for decorative purpose but to abstractly provide useful information such as the weather forecast like an art grow in the dark. Wind turbine and PV Panel are proposed to be installed on the roof to generate renewable power to the building. Along with the use of vegetated inﬁll panels and automatically louvers system on the façade, it can effectively help to reduce heat gain and save energy to the building. Automatic car parking negates the need for basement car parks. The fusion of Cybertecture and sustainable features makes the O-Tower to achieve the goal to the next generation building in the world

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Lighting India November -December 2008

Interview

Live the Future James Law Cybertecture International develops the core Cybertecture vision of the World, in which the present and future World is designed and created inspired in a symbiotic balance between space and technology. By doing this, people living, working and playing in Cybertecture will truly be “Living the Future”. In 2004, James was selected as the only Chinese recipient of the Asian Innovation Award given by the President of Singapore. In the same year, the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka invited James Law to participate in a brainstorming presentation on the topic of Cybertecture for the future planning and reconstruction of Sri Lanka. Mr. James Law – Chairman & Chief Cybertect, discusses his perception of future technology with Lighting India.

In 2000, with a passion for innovation and technology, you have created the term “Cybertecture” to symbolize a new horizon in architecture that involves the notion of bringing people together in a “Live The Future” lifestyle. Can you outline the conception of “Cybertecture”?

November - December 2008 Lighting India

At the dawn of the new century, we look forward into the future, and understand that boundless possibilities are available to us through our millennium's worth of hard work, knowledge and experience that has manifested in our culture, science, technology and engineering. It is with this spirit that "Cybertecture" is conceived to be a new paradigm

of design that looks into how we bring a new understanding of the ecosystem of our world that brings into what we design and build the fullest potentials of human achievement. That which goes beyond to make us "Live the Future" in a better world of symbiotic balance between nature and man, between technology and man.

Interview

Lighting India November -December 2008

Interview Building is not only a space for living and commercial usage; it may perform as a multi-functional device. How do you explain it?

believe is a signiﬁcant concept to realize the potentials available to us as we strive to build a better world of the future.

In the new century, human spatial activities goes beyond that of conventional activities under the title of living, work or play in the form of commercial or residential definitions. Other forms of activities including communicating, thinking, creating, managing, synergizing are all activities within Cybertecture space cannot be defined in such a clear way. So a building, by definition a collection of spaces, must be multi functional in its adaptations of the many different types of new activities of the modern world. I see these no longer as "buildings" but containers of software, where software is able to operate and change within the confines of the hardware.

Importance of in successful designing

Due to the enormous technological developments the world has become a global village. How signiﬁcant the concept of Cybertecture is in this aspect?

How do you foresee the steadfast relations between lighting and architecture?

The materiality of buildings should not be only restricted to the physical and typical materials of concrete, steel, timber and glass, but should go beyond into materials that are epherial, that allows for a transient expression of experience and emotion, that allows for the empowerment of new activities. The vehicle that delivers such powers is technology, where devices created by humans, can now deliver, translate, adapt, interpret, compute and enact new forms of materiality such as interactivity, intelligence and adaptation. The combining of the physical materiality of architecture, with the empowerment of technology in a symbiotic balance is what I call Cybertecture, and I

November - December 2008 Lighting India

correct light architectural

Le Corbusier once terms that "Space is the play of light in volume". I would terms that "Modern Space is the play of interactive light in volume". By this I mean that light is not only for illumination, but now use as a form of communication and materiality that is much more powerful that conventional lighting. New technologies of computer controlled lighting, LEDs, screens, digital fabric meshes all emit their own light and can be controlled speciﬁcally for a purpose.

Architecture and lighting will become as one. How do you visualize the importance of lighting and

I would terms that "Modern Space is the play of interactive light in volume". By this I mean that light is not only for illumination, but now use as a form of communication and materiality that is much more powerful that conventional lighting.

lighting designer in Cybertecture projects? Lighting is one of the key materialities of Cybertecture projects. Light is used for delivering intelligence to the space via the visible spectrum. James Law Cybertecture International develops the core Cybertecture vision of the world, in which the present and future world is designed and created, inspired in a symbiotic balance between space and technology. Any comment? Me and my team are vested on a journey to discover the new boundaries of possibilities to build a better world...via our concept of Cybertectue. You are designing a futuristic ofﬁce building “C70 Cybertecture Egg” in India at Bandra Complex, Mumbai. Do you wish to discuss its interior and exterior lighting designing concept in detail? This building will be a symbol of what is possible in the now and

Interview future. Without going into detail, light is uses on the exterior for predicting the future for the public... such as showing algorithmic patterns of the future weather. On the inside, traditional symbolic signage is replaced by transient color light, so that no replacement of signage is necessary. The skin of the C70 Cybertecture Egg Building is designed to be covered with intelligent lighting which will be able to predict the weather of the next day in the form of a visual language. How? What is the technology used for this? We trawl the internet for weather information, which is then interpreted through our own algorithmic programming to become symbolic and instinctual patterns of color on the surface of the egg. The technology allows for such interpretations of information to be reformulated as the transient cameleon-like skin of a building. You have successfully designed O-Tower, an iconic residential building in Jumeirah Village, Dubai. With no restriction in height for the development, O-Tower had been designed to reach more than 240mtrs. Can you highlight the lighting designing

The lighting of the O Tower is designed to show the stresses and strains on the massive tubular diagrid structure as it sways in the wind. By doing so, the public can see how the structure deals with the forces of wind as it tries to hold up such a slim and tall tower. of this massive tower? The lighting of the O Tower is designed to show the stresses and strains on the massive tubular diagrid structure as it sways in the wind. By doing so, the public can see how the structure deals with the forces of wind as it tries to hold up such a slim and tall tower.

the loop, lighting interactively stays on only in their region, giving an almost intelligent zone of light that follows the path of people. Do you wish to share your memories associated with your very ﬁrst architectural project? Every one of my projects feels like the ﬁrst one.

Would you like to give our readers an overview of the lighting of Spiral Building, Hong Kong?

Most important moment of your professional life…….

The Spiral Building is a continuous loop space building used as a gallery. As people travel around

Every moment is important. Life is a Journey. May each of us be blessed to travel it well

Milestones

2001 - 1st January founded James Law Cybertecture International on the ﬁrst day of new millennium 2002 - Began to work as consultant to the United Nations 2003 - Won the Royal Institute of Architects Award for Design in an International Competition 2004 - Invited to consult with Sri Lankan President on the future design of Sri Lanka and selected as the only Chinese recipient of the Asian Innovation Awards given by the President of Singapore 2006 - Designed the world’s most technological-advanced residential building “The Pad Tower”, in Dubai 2007 - “The Pad Tower” has won 4 awards in the CNBC Arabian Property Awards 2007 and the “Best International Apartment” at the CNBC International Property Awards 2007 2008 – Designed the iconic ofﬁce building “C70 Cybertecture Egg” in Mumbai and an integrated building “Technosphere” for Dubai government

Lighting India November -December 2008

DALI

Minimalist architecture allows the technology to vanish behind subtly fashioned materials. The actual effect is the decisive factor, not the technology that produced it – a statement that also applies to the light.

When the technology disappears and becomes invisible and intangible this gives rise to interface problems. This would explain why what is technically possible today, as summed up by the buzzwords “intelligent home”.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

lthough the presented examples of contemporary architecture differ greatly in their shape, some overarching trends and concepts can still be identified. These influence our idea of life, lifestyle and work in a way which is obviously related to our times but, in the mid-term, may even come to be accepted in the wider current of everyday architecture. They include features such as the clear preference for continuously flowing spaces

DALI

Technology

disappears

Light

appears

Digital lighting systems allow rooms & occupants to interact

– up to and including the “mobius loop” spatial forms by Ben van Berkel – as opposed to delineated and specialised, individual rooms. Yet the borders between functional zones are not the only ones being dematerialised, those between interior and exterior are disappearing too. Sometimes these borders disappear into transparency using glass; elsewhere they vanish behind very subtly worked, exotic materials in a minimalistic style à la John Pawson. The technology is

becoming increasingly more complex, yet at the same time is less and less on display. When the technology disappears and becomes invisible and intangible this gives rise to interface problems. This would explain why what is technically possible today, as summed up by the buzzwords “intelligent home”, still ﬁnds incredibly low acceptance – precisely in the private residential sector. One

aspect of building automation, which is accepted without question in the public world of commerce, culture and leisure yet appears to be undesirable in the area of private retreat, is that nobody really wants to share their apartment with an invisible “intelligence” – well, would you? This topic has been extensively dealt with via caricatures in book and ﬁlm, ranging from “Mon Oncle” to “2001 – A space odyssey”. This, together with the

Lighting India November -December 2008

DALI

The building technology bus system installed throughout the entire building allows programmed light scenes to be recalled or luminaire groups to be manually dimmed.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

DALI

Lighting India November -December 2008

DALI

The software functions include the interactive colour selection for RGB colour mixing luminaires by mouse clicking in the colour wheel or the settings for Goborotator luminaires: an ease of operation that inspires the user to be creative with light. fact that comparable, electronic systems are taken for granted in private cars, is one of the many paradoxes of our civilised lives.

Light as a form of expression for intelligent house technology Light in the form of scenic, dynamic architectural lighting is an integral part of every predicted scenario for how we will live in future. In fact, it plays a very special role. This is because, in contrast to many building functions, such as security technology or air conditioning (whose design brief is to be as inconspicuous as possible and to

November - December 2008 Lighting India

at least avoid the need for manual intervention) using light as a design tool suggests itself as a means of expression for the new technology. It is precisely the flowing, unbounded rooms of new houses that are so completely reliant on light to provide temporary structure and to define zones. At the same time, the lighting also gives the building occupant a creative playing field where ideas can be tired out without any real danger or lasting consequences, something one could call “making it mine through design”. This is where the immaterial, virtualised technology becomes tangible and, by way of direct feedback, can be experienced. Light

literally makes architecture and technology visible. This concept is given even further impetus by the latest developments in the ﬁeld of lighting technology. The approach of conventional lighting control systems, which is to link complex lighting installations containing a myriad of separately controllable circuits to building automation systems in the central switch cabinet on either a LON or EIB basis, has been replaced by a paradigm shift towards individually addressable luminaires with integrated control functions. Happily a new industry standard has already become established for this concept: it is

DALI known as DALI protocol (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) and enables the electronic control gear of modern luminaires to communicate with other corresponding control gear. In practice, this means that the control function, connected via a two-core control line, is now completely separated from the power supply of the individual luminaires. This not only makes the installation a great deal easier but also creates a new level of abstraction, whereby the formation of luminaire groups, spatial zones and light scenes no longer takes place on the wiring level but is done entirely on the “virtual” level within the DALI system’s software. However, making the step up from automated industrial lighting and ofﬁce lighting to scenic lighting of residential space necessitates a greater range of hardware, i.e. DALI-compatible

luminaires that go above and beyond the area of ﬂuorescent luminaires and also include the integration of luminaires with halogen lamps or track systems for instance. On the other hand, providing an easier access to the system by way of a user-friendly software interface is also crucial. The design of the corresponding DALI-based system and how it works shall be discussed in detail below.

DALI – from industry standard to user-friendly standard The DALI approach understands lighting as a building technology subsystem with speciﬁc functions and requirements. As such, the DALI protocol solely deﬁnes the digital communication between the individual components of a lighting system only and deliberately avoids using the

maximum possible functionality of a complex building management system. This makes it easy to use and economically efﬁcient. Using the appropriate gateways, DALI lighting subsystems can be linked to control systems that cover all technologies. In terms of technology, DALIcompatible control gear form the basis of a DALI installation. This control gear provides each individual luminaire with functions such as switching and dimming that can be addressed via the DALI interface. Corresponding control gear for ﬂuorescent lamps have already been available for several years now. Recent developments include DALI transformers for low-voltage halogen lamps. The cutting edge of this technology is represented by DALI control gear for LEDs. DALI mains voltage

Setting up the light scenes, arranging the spatial zones and programming the timer functions: it’s all done via the PC software.

Lighting India November -December 2008

DALI applications, both the number of individual addresses and the amount of required light scenes can be signiﬁcantly higher. If a provider specialising in corresponding lighting solutions develops a DALI implementation as a lighting control system, then it is therefore necessary to ﬁnd solutions that overcome such limitations and that respond to the particular requirements of the application areas.

The lounge can be constantly reinterpreted by different light scenes. Seen first here is a neutral atmosphere with a high component of vertical lighting. dimmers and switching actuators enable any electrical load to be connected to the system. In short, whereas the emphasis was on ﬂuorescent light in the early pioneering days of DALI, DALIcompatible systems are now available for virtually all types of lamp, including those typically used in households. An important economic aspect is the modest requirement that the DALI standard places on the wiring. In principle, any cable type that is insulated for mains voltage can be used. The power supply line and control line can be routed along the same cable. Thus, for instance, a 5-core NYM cable can be used to connect DALI control gear without problem. It is not necessary to think about the allocation of power supply, pushbuttons or control panels for the luminaires at the planning stage because this can be done later

November - December 2008 Lighting India

at any time without having to rewire anything. The basic DALI conﬁguration is supported by a wide alliance of control gear, lamp and luminaire manufacturers who are united under the umbrella of the DALI association. The other key data for the DALI conﬁguration is as follows: 64 individual devices maximum (individual addresses), 16 groups maximum (group addresses) and 16 scenes maximum (scene lighting settings), whereby the latter are stored de-centrally in the control gear.

Expanding DALI scenographic light

for

If, however, DALI is to be used for prestigious, scenic lighting – I’m thinking here not only of living areas but also high-quality retail stores, restaurants or hotel lobbies, then this deﬁnition reaches its limits. In such

It seems that one possible approach would be to have a powerful central DALI controller take over the task of saving the scene settings. This has several advantages. On the one hand, assuming the controller has an appropriately dimensioned memory, it would enable a sufficiently large number of light scenes to be stored. On the other, the memory space this frees up in the control gear could then be used for implementing userfriendly functions that make the use of DALI for scenographic light a truly viable possibility. In particular, these would include automatic setup procedures that also comprise automatic luminaire recognition à la “plug ‘n’ play”. The prerequisite for this is that the manufacturer of the DALIcompatible luminaires must write a coding in the flash drive of the control gear that specifies the luminaire type and the control parameter. This is especially necessary for those luminaires that contain several control gear units, such as RGB-technology colour mixing luminaires. In practice, this means that during the commissioning process the correspondingly equipped lighting system will recognise

Warship Lighting

Challenges in the Lighting Project of an

Aircraft Carrier

The lighting design of parts of the brand new Italian Aircraft carrier has been one of the strongest experiences in my professional life.

hips like Aircraft carriers generally are not very imaginative places from the lighting perspective as compared to other spaces. With its ﬂat tops designed to facilitate unobstructed take-offs and landings for aircrafts they do not quite make a fancied project and so offer a challenging environment for a lighting designer. Here functionally takes precedence limiting ones

November - December 2008 Lighting India

scope for achieving aesthetic and decorative results. This lighting project for an Italian Aircraft carrier, the crew’s cabins and a large super-structure called bridge on the side of the carrier were demanding situations wherein Cinzia Ferrara of Ferrara Palladino Srl (Italy) has been able to achieve remarkable results. Faced with several constraints of working under pressure

of time and with paramount secrecy possible preventing use of detailed drawings, smallest numbers of ﬁttings and energy consumption and low ceilings it was quite a task to deliver the best. Here we have a brief narrative of the project in Cinzia Ferrara’s own words. The lighting design of parts of the brand new Italian Aircraft carrier has been one of the

Warship Lighting strongest experiences in my professional life. The carrier is the newest and the only very big military ship that the Italian Nation has built in the last ten years. As everybody can easily understand, for military reasons we have been suggested to keep everything under secret and this is why no document, pictures or data could leave our office (It looked like we were working half blind!!). Most of the drawings that have been given to us were not useful, too little details and very poor sections. Relating to the project I believe that in this project our major task was related to two different areas: the soldiersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; cabins and the very long bridge on the side of the carrier. The skills were obviously very different and quite technical: we couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t make any mistake, there was no time to make any correction on site and each of our proposals had been seriously checked and valuated by a military commission. We felt a strong responsibility and we started working on the project, with the feeling that somebody was checking our work day after day.

View of the cabin: 3D model of the cabin

Illuminance values on 3D model

We started working at the small cabin where four people are supposed to sleep. Each cabin is only 5,40 X 3,40 meter with four small beds, one on top of the other, on two sides of the room. There was a table opposite to the door and a small closer. The windowless cabins with very low ceiling covers were challenging to find the best solution from the following aspects:

Lighting India November -December 2008

Warship Lighting Minimum energy consumption for cabin The total electrical power was obviously one of the major issues of this project and for this reason we decided to work with lamps that could guarantee a good quality of light and a good lamps life. We ended up with linear ﬂuorescent lamp of 18 W.

Low ceiling offering very little depth

View of the cabin: 3D model

The total dimensions of the fitting have been quite a difficult matter to tackle. In lighting designing, it is learned that when the fitting is smallest, problems of heat and light distribution are highest. We had to opt for round and smooth shapes lights to avoid any injuries. Onboard ships, a lot of precautions are needed to evade fire. So, we also had to pay proper attention towards “no fire” parameters when selecting materials for our fittings.

Minimum fittings for cabin This issue is directly related to the first one, i.e. minimum energy consumption. As a lighting designer one always has to give utmost concentration to the aspect of providing sufficient light using minimum fittings. We have succeeded by using energy-efficient products. But, I think a major constraint in this part was that spare parts could not be collected in large numbers in these kinds of ships, so we did our best to work on a fitting design that could have been constructed with a very small quantity of different parts and equipped with only one type of lamp. Thus, we could design

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Warship Lighting

Render of the fitting for the cabins. Each of them is semirecessed in the ceiling

View of the bridge: rendering of the LED line

similar lamps for all the cabins to minimise the storage places.

Efficient light distribution of cabin Achieving best distribution of light was one of the most difﬁcult aspects to control, as always. The 3D images will give a better idea to understand design of cabins which are made to occupant four sailors. There is no natural

light coming into the confined space of living. For this reason we worked on different types of fittings, especially working on different kinds of light distribution in order to have the widest distribution obtained through the high efficiency of the luminaire. The main effort was to have a diffuse light with high level of illuminance all over the room including ceiling. Thus, we

Lighting India November -December 2008

Warship Lighting

View of the bridge: 3D model

Illuminance values on 3D model of the bridge

could accurately avoid the dark areas or strong shadows.

Linear lighting for the Bridge The design of a linear fitting that could facilitate effective lighting outdoor along the bridge has been the other major issue of this project. We started making a comparison between fluorescent and LED and we chose the second one as a better option. Light distribution, uniformity and the possibility to install plastic flexible stripes with LED inside made our solution a good answer to all the requirements. The stripes have been mounted with an inclination of 30°to the floor at 50 cm from the floor to avoid any kind of glare.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Cinzia Ferrara

Cinzia Ferrara, trained and practised as an architect before deciding to focus on the special relationship between light and architecture. Concerned with dynamics of human space and the role that lighting can play, she works in a big variety of settings, approaching lighting to all aspects combining creativity, technology with innovative and original design solutions.

DALI all the encoded luminaires that are connected via DALI, will put these in a list, will provide the control parameters that are available in each case (e.g. switch status, dimmer setting or colour value) and will also offer a series of standard lighting scenes to facilitate the acceptance and immediate use of the lighting system. While such a system can be operated during both commissioning and everyday use via a special wallmounted control panel or, alternatively, by typing the input into the controller, the user-friendly option for the more complex operating steps such as setting up lighting scenes, arranging spatial zones and programming timer functions is to use PC software. Interfaces such as USB are ideal for the connection between the PC and the DALI controller. Within the integrated PC software some extremely user-friendly functions can be realised thanks to the automatic recognition of appropriately encoded luminaires. These include the interactive colour selection for RGB colour mixing luminaires by mouse clicking in the colour wheel. Luminaires and control gear that are not encoded by the manufacturer can be seamlessly integrated in the system afterwards via the software. The familiar environment of Windows software invites professional lighting designers and affected users alike to be creative with the “immaterial construction material” of light.

A light scene with a few, intensely directional lighting accents emphasises individual spatial zones and objects, creating an intimate mood. A crucial factor for the breakthrough of DALI, where designing with light is to the fore, will be the availability of appropriate, integrated lighting tools in the manufacturers’ product ranges. This equally includes control hardware and software

Thomas Schielke

just as much as a wide range of DALI-compatible luminaires and infrastructure such as DALI track. Once this is in place, DALI-controlled light will emerge as the ideal medium for liberating how building occupants deal with “intelligent architecture”.

Thomas Schielke studied architecture at the University of Technology in Darmstadt, Germany. He has been in charge of the didactic and communication division at the lighting manufacturer ERCO since 2001 where he designed an extensive online guide for architectural lighting. Additionally, he lectures at different international universities *Copyrights for all images with ERCO GmbH

Lighting India November -December 2008

Interview

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Interview

Illumination Communication

Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center is part of an $18.5 million, multi-year National Science Foundation program awarded to Boston University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the University of New Mexico to develop the optical communication technology that would make an LED light the equivalent of a WiFi access point. This innovative alternative may one day replace most of today’s lighting devices. Prof. Thomas Little, Boston University lead and Smartlighting Center Associate Director gives an insight into the technology of tomorrow in an exclusive interview with Lighting India.

Why are the Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center (ERC) Project and its goals significant? Replacing existing lighting with low-power, high-efficiency LEDs is significant in itself due to the enormous energy savings and reduction in carbon emissions. Integrating light emitting diodes

(LEDs) with optical wireless communications is a new technology paradigm that combines brighter light and longer life bulbs with ubiquitous network access provided by the existing infrastructure–light fixtures, power lines or network cabling. The combination provides significant energy savings for lighting homes and offices, almost limitless bandwidth for multiple

users, greater security and privacy and many desirable technical characteristics not offered in current Radio-Frequency (RF) communications, such as no electromagnetic interference. In connecting the physical world with the Internet, RF and optical freespace communications will co-exist, each serving complementary and, in some cases, competitive services.

Lighting India November -December 2008

Interview

Airplane Illustration • The use of LED communications for reducing ground collisions at airports • LEDs provide signaling among airport lighting infrastructure, ground vehicles and aircraft

What are the real cost savings of this new wireless optical technology going to be? For starters, LED bulbs are high priced ($15 to $90 each), but that cost is considerably lower when measured against their longevity of 30,000 to 50,000 hours. By contrast, Compact Fluorescent (CF) bulbs cost $2 each and last about 5,000 hours versus 1,000 hours for the vanishing incandescent bulbs that are $1 each. But with volume production, and new materials and device development, these prices will fall. LED bulbs also produce less heat, which can save on Air- conditioning costs, are more robust to shock and vibration,

and unlike CF bulbs they contain no mercury. Communications uses the same medium – light – so there are no additional energy costs due to RF transmission circuits. Ultimately, worldwide deployment of solid-state lighting systems could result in ﬁnancial savings of about $18 trillion dollars over a 10-year period. How do you foresee the future of this technology? As the cost of LED lighting decreases, we expect an opportunity to embed communications wherever there is light. Thus we foresee ubiquitous communications

enabling corresponding ubiquitous computing. Can you further explain the advantages and disadvantages of this wireless optical technology? There are a variety of beneﬁts. The main ones are Opportunity to put localized networking at low cost Low energy consumption in illumination Low energy consumption in networking Higher density of communications (more devices in a smaller area) Enhanced security.

Office Illustration • Dual use of LED lighting for illumination and communication • Ubiquitous lighting enables ubiquitous com puting

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Interview RF communications. Both will have a role in the future because they have different characteristics. Security of industries and establishments is always an important factor. How can we make use of this technology effectively in this purpose? The use of light as the communication medium does not penetrate walls. By using light and RF in concert, there is improved security.

BU faculty investigators, Jeff Carruthers,Thomas Little, and Hatice Altug employing a prototype LED transceiver for “illumination and communication.” “Smart Lighting” is going to be faster and more secure than current network technology. How? Potentially faster in terms of bandwidth density due to reduced contention that exists in a shared RF environment. Potentially more secure

due to light’s lack of penetration of walls and to line of sight characteristics. Is your innovation going to create any revolution in Communication technology using LEDs? This is hard to say. LED communications are different from

With changing economy and lifestyle, the number of vehicles is increasing indiscriminately around the world. Thus automobile safety has emerged as a growing concern for all. Does your technology have any implications in this regard? If yes, how? Yes, by enabling vehicle to vehicle communications, for example, using LED tail lights. V2V communications have been identiﬁed as a key component to enabling emerging vehicular safety systems.

Today and the Future Illustration • Deployment of wireless networking in the current and future scenarios. WiFi relies on network cabling and access points • Future systems leverage

existing wiring – networking or power lines – to disseminate data to LED lighting as the new access point

Lighting India November -December 2008

Tunnel Lighting

NEW GENERATION OF

TUNNELS

More and more town planners are building tunnels to pro protect precious urban space and countryside. Tunnels can â&#x20AC;&#x153;re-conquerâ&#x20AC;? degraded surfa surface streets in towns and cities. Tunnels can free local roads, reducing traffic congestion, improving public transport services and making walking and cycling safer. Tunnels can create real value by allowing networks of streets to be reborn and improving the living conditions in urban areas. In this article, we look at Spain, Madrid that has chosen to build tunnels to improve the quality of life in their cities and how lighting plays an essential role in maximising user safety in these tunnels.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Tunnel Lighting Spain, Madrid: Greater mobility with more green spaces The Madrid M30 motorway, the inner ring road of the city, is at the centre of a major urban renewal project. Within the framework of this project, over 48km of tunnels, including the longest urban tunnel (7.5km) in Europe has been lit. Schréder collaborated by supplying a record order of over 27,000 luminaires. The city of Madrid was faced with a rapidly expanding trafﬁc crisis due to congestion and an increasing number of road accidents. Over 300,000 cars per day use the M30 ring road, the busiest in Spain. It was in drastic need of structural work. High pollution and noise levels were also making life unpleasant for its inhabitants. The city decided to take action and the largest civil engineering project in Europe began; the remodelling of the M30. The Spanish capital has seen work of titanic proportions as the M30 project aims to solve the problems by refurbishing the road and rerouting major sections of it beneath the city, creating new parkland and riverside above. A total of 48km of tunnel have been constructed in an impressive 24 months. Schréder, through its Spanish company, Socelec, was entrusted with lighting most of these tunnels with the very clear goal of providing users with added safety and comfort.

Quality lighting

luminaire with superior photometric efficiency was essential. Fitted with a highly reflective reflector offering an asymmetrical light distribution and with the latest generation fluorescent lamp, the FV1, a compact luminaire made completely of aluminium and glass, was selected. The FV1 luminaires are installed in bilateral continuous lines on both sides of the tunnel at a height of 4.6m

to provide perfect visual guidance and excellent uniformity.

Visual comfort efficiency

and

The FV1 luminaires were equipped with an extremely pure aluminium reflector with a reflection co-efficient of 92%, especially designed to suit the geometry of the tunnel and the

FV1 – M30, Madrid • • • • • • •

Compact luminaire IP 65 49W and 80W T5 fluorescent lamps White light for visual comfort Electronic ballast Sturdy materials Easy acess for maintenance via frontal opening

Given the heavy trafﬁc density in these new tunnels, a robust

Lighting India November -December 2008

Tunnel Lighting specific reflective properties of the road surface and wall. They provide an asymmetrical lighting solution to balance the luminance levels of the road and walls. The latest generation T5 fluorescent lamps were chosen to provide a white light (4000K) for safety and excellent visual comfort in Madrid’s tunnels. The T5 fluorescent lamp also offers other advantages; a high-level of efficiency, low energy consumption and a long life. Various power levels were installed depending on the width of the tunnel; a 49W source was used to light the 2 lane tunnels while an 80W source lights the 4 lane sections of the tunnels. The IP 65 tightness level of the FV1 guarantees long term internal cleanliness and therefore a stable high photometric performance during the lifetime of the luminaire. Maintenance operations are reduced to a minimum.

Control dimming

system

and

The control system for the FV1 luminaires, which utilises the DALI protocol, achieves the required luminance level of 4.5cd/ m² day and night. Each luminaire is controlled independently and is adjustable from 3 to 100%. Using this DALI system meant that the luminous ﬂux has been set to not exceed 80% during the day and 50% at night. In case of an emergency, the luminous ﬂux can be increased to 100%.

Installed in continuous lines on both sides of the tunnel, the FV1 luminaires provide perfect visual guidance, excellent uniformity and unprecedented visual comfort in the Spanish capital in order to maximise user safety. luminaires are ﬁtted with 250W and 400W metal halide lamps to reinforce the white light while maximising visual comfort.

Courtesy : Keselec Schréder Private Ltd. Member of Schréder Group G.I.E.

Emergency lighting Emergency lighting must meet the strictest standards regarding reliability and robustness. An adaptation of the FV1, the FV-E was installed in the M30 tunnels. In case of fire, it switches on automatically to provide standby lighting of 10 lux average and can run autonomously for 2 hours. They are fitted with a 36W compact fluorescent lamp that provides an asymmetrical light distribution for the evacuation corridors.Their design greatly facilitates maintenance by providing front access to the lamp and to the control gear via a continuous hinge/closing system.

Boost lighting

Lining panels

Given the trafﬁc density in this tunnel, Schréder proposed a symmetrical lighting solution for the boost lighting. AF4 luminaires are installed in a parallel line to the FV1 luminaires. The AF4

The tunnel walls are vertically lined with smooth aluminium panels to further guarantee visual comfort. To minimise the amount of luminous flux to be emitted onto the walls, these panels are very light (high reflection coefficient) and smooth (easy maintenance).

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Creative Lighting

PERFECT

COMMUNION The lighting project encountered the challenge of enhancing the art works on display, at the same time fully integrating the lighting into the architecture, characteristically pure in its lines.

he little town of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, contains a veritable haven for art lovers: the Inhotim Centre of Contemporary Art. Set within an area of 35 hectares of gardens, part of them conceived by the landscape designer Roberto Burle Marx, Inhotim brings together in its several pavilions the works of artists from a number of

November - December 2008 Lighting India

countries, with special emphasis on Brazilians. Two new buildings have recently been opened: one devoted to Colombian artist Doris Salcedo (built to house a single work, “Neither”) and the other to exhibit, as a permanent display, four works by the Rio de Janeiro artist, Adriana Varejão. In the pavilion devoted to Adriana Varejão, the lighting project

created by lighting designers Carlos Fortes and Gilberto Franco encountered the challenge of enhancing the art works on display, at the same time fully integrating the lighting into the architecture, characteristically pure in its lines. The lighting ﬁxtures were strategically built into openings, ceilings, walls and structures, so as not to contaminate the clean lines of the building.

Creative Lighting

Surrounded by gardens, the pavilion, conceived in an architectural idiom of the utmost purity, appears to float over the lower court and the ornamental pool

The gallery hovers above a slope like a suspended concrete cube, reached across a footbridge surrounded by an ornamental pool. The route is lit by bollards, with 26W compact fluorescent lamps of 2,700K colour temperature, built into a concrete wall. “The same ploy was used to light the ramps connecting the first floor with the pavilion’s roof garden,” explains Carlos Fortes.

After crossing the footbridge, the visitor reaches the ground ﬂoor of the building, where two huge works by Adriana Varejão are displayed. Fortes explains that the lighting project took advantage of the “slits”, through which daylight reaches the inside of the gallery, to locate the artiﬁcial lighting points. The mural painting, “The Collector”, from the Saunas series, is lit from a coving built into one

of these “slits” in the fabric of the building . “This coving with T5 ﬂuorescent lamps of 28W/3,000K, gives out a diffused light, having an effect close to that of daylight,” adds the lighting designer. Nearby this painting is “Linda do Rosário” (‘Beauty with a Rosary’), a sculpture resembling a wall splattered with guts, inspired by the collapse of a

Lighting India November -December 2008

Creative Lighting

On the ground floor, where daylight is allowed in, the lighting of the painting “The Collector”

The sculpture “Beauty with a Rosary” is complemented with lights integrated into the building itself.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Creative Lighting

Lights fittings within the lateral opening of the building light the sculpture â&#x20AC;&#x153;Beauty with a Rosaryâ&#x20AC;?, on the ground floor

Lighting India November -December 2008

Creative Lighting Rio de Janeiro hotel. The direct frontal lighting of this work uses PAR 30 halogen floodlights built into the suspended concrete floor above. In the daytime, the work is flooded with daylight coming from a side opening behind it. Above the sculpture, a prismshaped opening running from side to side of the building , is equipped with halogen PAR 30 lights, illuminating the back of the sculpture and the ceiling of the first floor of the gallery, where the “Carnívoras”(‘Carnivores’) painting stands out. These lights follow the general plan of integration into the architecture, insofar as they are effectively concealed from view, by being positioned within this empty space linking the ground floor with the first floor.

The painting “Carnivores” on the ceiling of the first floor

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Creative Lighting

On the upper floor, the shiny floor demanded precision in the lighting, directed solely at the walls, themselves clad with the painting on blue tiles â&#x20AC;&#x153;Coelacanth Causing Maelstromâ&#x20AC;?

Lighting India November -December 2008

Creative Lighting

Access to the upper floor is by a staircase that is surrounded by the same ornamental pool encircling the entrance footbridge. The route comes to an end at the centre of an area totally devoid of daylight, where only a single work of the Rio de Janeiro artist is displayed. Here, the four walls are taken up by 184 large, blue-painted tiles that compose the work “Celacanto Provoca Maremoto” (‘Coelacanth Causing Maelstrom’) The shiny floor, reflecting the walls, demanded lighting directed solely at the art work, so as to avoid unwanted reflections and glare. Fitted behind the concrete beams,

November - December 2008 Lighting India

four tracks parallel to the walls house 300W halogen lights with adjustable ﬂaps that cut off the light beam at the edge of the wall. The end result is an atmosphere propitious to artistic fruition, fruit of the fullest possible integration of the lighting equipment into the architecture. “The pure forms of

the architectural project, with its straight lines and sharp corners, led us to seek out a way in which the lights and lamps could be concealed within the architecture itself, not competing with the purity of the design, nor with the works on display — the main object of enhancement,” Carlos Fortes concludes.

Author : Valentina Figuerola Lighting Project : Carlos Fortes and Gilberto Franco Architecture : Rodrigo Cerviño Lopez Photographer : Eduardo Eckenfels Translator : Michael L Jordan Published in L+D Magazine, issue 19, Brazil

Lighting India

Color Lighting

View of the East faรงade, with the city of Saragossa on the background and the Expo venue on the foreground Photographer: Miguel Daza

The main intention in the lighting concept developed by Barcelona based lighting design practice artec3 was to enable architecture to transmit sensation of water and to that aim, the application of light nuances was a key design decision.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Color Lighting

At the Water Tower in

he “Torre del Agua” (Water Tower) is a 76 meters height building located in the “Parque Metropolitano del Agua” (Water Metropolitan Park) is Saragossa, Spain, and was built as part of the Expo2008, which had Water and Sustainable Development as its theme. The expo happened between June and September this year and in the tower´s interior an exhibition was open to the public. Externally, the

architecture was a landmark both in the Expo´s venue, being the highest construction within its borders, as well as to the city of Saragossa. Its presence was remarkable by day and night, when light came in to play an important role. The main intention in the lighting concept developed by Barcelona based lighting design practice artec3 was to enable architecture to transmit sensation of water and to that aim, the application of light

Pic by Miguel Daza

Saragossa...

nuances was a key design decision. Six different blue filters were used, related in meaning to the water present in the 5 continents plus the poles. The horizontal structures existing in the façade, made in perforated metal, allows light to pass through, and that interaction enhances the sensation of transparency, aimed as adequate to the Water Tower. At the same time, these horizontal structures are used to support the lighting fixtures,

Lighting India November -December 2008

Pic by Miguel Daza

Color Lighting

which provide up-lighting and remain invisible, both externally and internally, due to its mounting and orientation. The lighting solution is based on asymmetric linear luminaires,

equipped with T5 linear fluorescent tubes and different color filters. An individual regulation, fixture by fixture, DALI system copes with the different light transmittance

View from ground level upwards, revealing the transparency of the perforated metal plates and its interaction with light.

levels characteristic of each blue filter and allowed the achievement of smooth transitions from color to color. The idea of emphasizing the architecture was taken care

Faรงade and interior lighting scheme

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Color Lighting

of through the dominance of the horizontal luminous direction. The use of color variations in connection to concavities and convexities of the shapeÂ´s revolution revealed

Pic by Miguel Daza

The lighter color creates stronger reflections of light on the diagonal elements of the architectural structure, contributing to the perception of variations and dynamism

the expressions performed by the building itself. At the same time, the interplay between architectural and luminous directions creates multiple visual perceptions, depending

on the observerÂ´s position. Walking around the building in night-time is to be constantly discovering new images of a same architecture, which, itself, being the extrusion of

Pic by Xavier Graells

Architecture is revealed through the variations in color tones, in relation to its shapeÂ´s transitions and movements

Lighting India November -December 2008

Pic by Miguel Daza

Color Lighting

Detail of the towerÂ´s West oriented side, showing 3 of the different colors applied

Pic by Miguel Daza

North-West faĂ§ade detail

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Pic by Miguel Daza

Color Lighting

North-West nocturnal view

an organic shape of a water droplet, creates that experience by day. Light successfully kept that character in the tower´s nocturnal experience. The nocturnal image of the tower is, thus, based on transparency and also on subtle brightness. The differences between each tone of blue are visible through color itself and also through the interaction of light and the façade´s materials, which provides more or less reflected light on the structure, contributing to the sensation of dynamism

Maurici Ginés

Diana Joels

Maurici Ginés is the founder and director of artec3, company he founded in 1998 under the name of Artecluminotecnia. Maurici Ginés was the first Spanish lighting designer to be a PLDA professional member in 2004. Possibly, he is the first Spanish independent architectural lighting designer to introduce this profession in the country through his work.

Diana Joels is an architectural lighting designer, working for artec3 as lighting department head and project development team leader, actually responsible for projects as the Torres Fira by Japanese Toyo Ito and the Centre de Disseny (Design Museum) by Catalan Oriol Bohigas, both in Barcelona.

Lighting India November -December 2008

Children's Lighting

Proper lighting is as important as any other decor in a childâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s room. But unfortunately most of us are under the impression that a swanky bed and a couple of cartoon characters on the wall are all that make a childâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s room. A thought of right illumination for the room rarely pops up in our mind.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Children's Lighting

LIGHTING FOR CHILDREN No

n fact, the lighting needs of a kid start right from the moment it gets detached from the umbilical cord. As most part of the indoor time of the children is spent in their cosy rooms, lighting of their rooms should be done with utmost thought and care.

the best type of lighting ﬁxture is a simple direct light that signiﬁcantly illuminates the entire room brightly. But in a baby’s room, the ceiling light should be controlled by a dimmer and a table lamp or a nightlight can be used for late night feeds.

. . g n i Kidd

Bedside lighting

bad dream. Children like to have a dim light in the room so that if they are out of their slumber suddenly in the night, they can see themselves in their familiar surroundings. In case they want to relieve themselves in the night, they need not grope in the darkness for the switch or stumble over the objects on their way to the toilet.

A bedside luminaire is a comforting light as well as a reading light. Moreover this can give solace to the petrified minds of the children after a

The bedside luminaires can be either stationary or portable like table luminaires. But they should be fitted with the options like rotating and swivelling

General illumination A good central ceiling light for general illumnation is a primary requirement in a child’s room irrespective of his/her age. So

Lighting India November -December 2008

Children's Lighting ground for negative thoughts. All of the shadows that the light fixtures create can scare the child, which may end up with the children abhorring their room.

Task lighting As the toddlers get older their priorities change, so are their lighting requirments. They need more task lighting for reading and homework. A desk light is ideal for the purpose. Apart from generating direct task light, the desk light helps to prevent eye strain. A glare-free ambient light has been becoming increasingly important nowadays as many children spend time on a computer.

Lighting options

reflectors as well as a movable arm, enabling the fixture to be flexible to avoid glare. As diffuse soft lighting is found agreeable, a lamp with a narrow beam angle is not a good option. In some cases wall luminaires cannot be installed and in most high beds there is no bedside table also. So what is the solution? Here come into picture the clamp luminaires. But this alternative can only be used with grown up children whose beds do not double as romping grounds. If even this

November - December 2008 Lighting India

is not feasible, the only option is to have an additional switch for the ceiling light near the bed. The nightlights for childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rooms have a soothing effect on their mind. With nightlights on children can slip into sleep with a calm mind. However, it would not be a good idea to use a lighting fixture that produces too many shadows. Children tend to interpret these images in their own ways and more over their mind in the night is a fertile breeding

The lighting in childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s room should be functional as well as aesthetic. Children enjoy bright colours and innovative designs. There is a wide array of novelty lighting for children with bright colours There are lights with designs such as cartoon characters for the fun-loving, fairytale characters for the fantasy-loving and the dreamykind and space fighters for the bravehearts. There are also lights to cater to the different tastes of boys and girls. Some of the brands have come up with safe bedside lamps which do not pose danger even if the child naps with the lights left on. The energy saving bulbs cannot be accessed by little fingers. The fully enclosed lights are cool to touch. With the market flooded with such

Children's Lighting

impressive products, a lot of thought goes into selecting the right light.

Thus if right luminaires are chosen while decorating a child’s room, the room can be transformed into a fairytale land. A little imagination coupled with the safety awareness can indeed light up the childhood years of the future generation. It can complement the personality

of the child besides reflecting the creative intution of the parent. So it’s rightly said: light always follows the path of beautiful.

Safety concerns Safety should be a prime consideration while lighting children’s room. Lights should be suitable to the age of the child. Kids have the tendency of experimenting with everything unaware of

the lurking danger. Lights should be positioned in such a way that hot fittings, cables and switches should be out of small children’s reach. Fixed lights are a good option as they can be positioned beyond children’s reach and also cannot be knocked over.

Indira R. Acharya

Lighting India November -December 2008

Light Sense

Urban Lighting Master Plans & Light Pollution

The natural rendering of the night sky has already been obliterated for much of the population of the developed world. But, it is still our obligation to our future generations to maintain the spectacle of starry night for them before it becomes totally unknown to them

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Light Sense

ow that the diffused picture gets clearer on who is campaigning for Ban the Incandescent or Save the Incandescent in the country, and as the battlecry for CFLs gets louder, the question of ‘Who will bring back the Dark Sky’ remains where it has always been – in the mind and the internet. Call it commercialization, competition, limited choice of affordable luminaires or the sense of expressing with light and colour, the casualty has been what the dark sky aﬁcionados are trying to retrieve and to protect – starry nights over our cities. There is no denying that light pollution is here to stay, and damage control means dusting out misplaced lighting master plans, proposing new ones where missing and consulting lighting professionals in both cases. It also means going back to photometry basics. In retrospect, the ICSU/ UNESCO Exposition on Adverse Environmental Impacts on Astronomy held in Paris in July 1992, highlighted the enormous damage wreaked upon astronomy by excessive artiﬁcial lighting and declared that starry nights were a part of the world’s heritage that should be safeguarded – “A precious treasure of all humanity,” being encroached upon by 30% excessive lighting.

Evolving a Lighting Master Plan to ensure:

A formal hierarchy of illumination – Avenue lighting, street and signage lighting, park lighting, residential, entertainment, landmark or historical area lighting and other urban design developments. Lighting and illumination regulations, guidelines and bylaws for daylighting and artificial lighting with elaborate sketches and figures, more than what the NBC 2005 says. Apt lighting design respecting local culture, sensitivities of populace and the philosophy of the architect, architecture and planning. Use of correct luminaires, lenses, filters. Energy savings by using correct luminaires, lenses, filters and sustainable lighting applications. Exact Illumination levels in lux, (required on a particular surface or façade), dictated by air particle quality of particular areas in the city and also by the material and luminance of the façade. Experimentation and use of lighting softwares to make simulations for precision work. City beautification through illumination. An increase in revenue due to tourist circulation.

Soul searching: The natural rendering of the night sky has already been obliterated for much of the developed world. But, it is still our obligation to our future generations to maintain the spectacle of starry night for them before it becomes totally unknown to them.

Unlike the daytime built environment image that gives every Indian town and city its place in history, the nighttime identity of our main cities still qualiﬁes as ‘patches of light.’ In direct contrast, one look at other Asian action hubs like Hongkong, Singapore and

Shanghai show how much the luminaire manufacturers have been busy with their wares creating a different evening panorama for tourists – pleasant for some, ‘loud’ for some. The debate that gets generated again is: Is commercialization getting the better of our culture and sensitivities? Then why clamor for “bring back the dark sky?” Lighting designers and the lighting industry today bear an enormous responsibility and the accountability to make sure that no unnecessary light gets on anybody’s nerves.

The Panacea: In consequence to above, the objective now is to improve upon the existing lighting master plans in key municipalities in the country and to formulate lighting master plans where none exist, as stated earlier. A comprehensive urban lighting master plan can provide the therapy containing a lighting concept, lighting strategies, energy savings, sustainable ideas, light colours, increasing night tourism and local economy, and above all, controlling light pollution and glare. “Beautiful cities destroyed by terrible lighting” is a bitter verdict passed by lighting designers around the world nowadays. No doubt the situation is brutal, but repairable. Therefore, sharing the responsibility, the players in question, i.e. lighting designers, illumination engineers, luminaire manufacturers, associated administrators, town planners, artists, and architects should try not to push same ideas and concepts in all situations. Appropriate luminaires with

Lighting India November -December 2008

Light Sense related paraphernalia will ensure the perfect illumination and energy savings.

criminal useless glowing energy could have lit up thousands of poor homes for free.

Light as a pollutant and light as a stress buster

Two examples of architectural lighting design are being analyzed in the article:

When it comes to illuminating facades, ediﬁces, commercial streets, roads, signage, memorials and shopping malls, most end results suffer from an overdose of illumination or from selection of wrong luminaires. This gives way to glare, light intrusion, light trespass, light spill and sky-glow – all adding up to the nuisance light under discussion. The warm HPSV sky glow and light escape is enough to convince that this

The War Memorial, Chandigarh and, The Staten Island September 11 Memorial, New York city. The ﬁrst example is on how one-off cases add to a disappearing night sky, and the second on how some one-off cases, act as stress relievers and energy savers with negligible

light spill.

The War Memorial, Chandigarh: Representing the 8459 fallen war heroes hailing from Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh region, the largest War Memorial in the country is set up in the city’s Bougainvillea Garden, about 250 metres away from Le Corbusier’s Capitol Complex. It owes its spiraling galaxy-like design concept to two students of Chandigarh College of Architecture, Nanki Singh and Shivani Guglani (plan later detailed out meticulously by

War Memorial - Glare of 400 W HPSV

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Light Sense architect Shams S Shaikh of the Department of Urban Planning Chandigarh Administration). However, the entire project is the outcome of Indian Express Citizen’s Initiative and was inaugurated in August 2006 by the then President of India, APJ Abdul Kalam. The epicenter of the folding-unfolding galaxy is the metal sculpture cladded by dark brown powdered-coated brass sheeting curving upwards in 3 divisions to form a common point of union. It is a very evocative design and during daytime presents a ﬁne blend between the

surroundings and the memorial. The low height of the structure does not stick out or jar vision of the serene settings, (except for the 3 narrow ﬂoodlights perched on top of the two radiating walls) and indeed, it is an unbelievably poignant experience to be there, moving down the gradual ramp, reading the names of the brave men who ‘gave up their tomorrow for our today.’

The Architectural Concept: The twin spiraling arms enclose a space 10.2 sq. m wide between them and ramp down to minus 1.9 m. A three - pronged painted brass sheeted sculpture

spires up 6.7 m high from the central pedestal, symbolizing the 3 arms of our defence forces – Army, Navy and Air Force. Names of all the martyrs are engraved on black granite slabs ﬁxed on two 2.28 m high concrete walls of the spiraling arms. Building Materials used range from black granite, Kota green, Dholpur pink and Agra red sandstone, red ﬂoor tiles concrete, concrete and powder coated brass etc.

The Lighting Concept, as existing: It is admirable that a serious

Wrong choice of luminaires

Staten Island Memorial

Lighting India November -December 2008

Light Sense effort was undertaken for the night lighting and has the added attraction of attracting evening visits, It also is a mark of respect to highlight the sacrifice made by our brave soldiers but going by the very perceptive and judicious nature of the project, a lot more deliberation was required before finalizing the challenging lighting concept. Too much energy has been wasted to light up the monument, and atleast 60% is escaping as waste. The fault here lies with the 400W HPSV luminaires, which are good for area or flood lighting since they are of spherical reflector type, which spreads light. The other fault is human - the incorrect positioning of the asymmetrical 150 W HPSV luminaires. It is advisable to use parabolic reflector to generate a parallel beam, or to use a lens system with spherical reflectors, either a Fresnel or a Museum lens for a parallel or a concentric elliptical beam respectively.The lighting, as existing is divided into HPSV- Warm (2000 K) and

CFL- cool white (6500 K):

A. The Central Sculpture. 3 X 400 W HPSV narrow floodlights or outdoor spotlights, IP 66 wall mounted (total lumens 3 X 48000); beam throw distance to sculpture is 15.0 M. 3 X 150 W HPSV outdoor spotlights, floor mounted at the base (total lumens 3 X 15000); 6 X 150 W HPSV kick throw asymmetrical floor mounted wall washers at the base (total lumens 6 X 15000). Total lumens of all 12 luminaires is 2,79,000 lumens. Total wattage of all 12 lamps focusing on the sculpture: 2550 Watts, After taking readings from a light meter, average beam illuminance being received on the top of the dark brown sculpture is 24 lux and 90 to 300 lux at the base with 12 luminaires throwing

2,79000 lumens on all three sides of it. Reﬂected light is between 20 to 30 lux at the base level after absorption. This is a whopping wastage of illuminance, wattage and energy, the savings could have lit the entire garden paths with ease.

Proposed Solution The tapering sculpture top at 5.5 m height from Pedestal: Three inground symmetrical luminaires, with Fresnel lens, HST – DE 70W IP 67, narrow beam 11°, 6800 lumens. The amount of light level reaching the ﬁnial is approximately 500 lux, and with reﬂection factor at 0.15 (being dark brown coloured), peak lux of 75 is a very healthy illumination level.

For sculpture base Three inground Asymmetrical HST – DE 70W IP 67, 7000 lumens situated 1.0 M away from the base.

Reflecting Polished Granite, War Memorial

November - December 2008 Lighting India

Light Sense

Total wattage of all 3 + 3 lamps: 6 X 70 = 420 W, which is 6 times less energy used as of now. Lumens used: 42,000 lumens, which is 4.5 times less lumens than the existing, none adding to light spill.

Existing illumination on engraved Martyrs’ Names Staten Island Memorial

2 X 18 W CFLs or 36 W per luminaire, light up the engraved names. Total Luminaires 116 . Ingress Protection Rating 66 seems dubious since all the 116 CFLs have collected dirt, moisture and the acrylic covers are getting ripped apart in less than 2 years time. Solution: White LED Neon-Flex, Low

degradation using high powered LEDs, in lengths from 10.0 to 50.0 M, IP 67 to be ﬁtted in the cove above the black granite slabs.

Miscellaneous: 1. Footlights along the spiraling ramp for orientation: CFL 40 X 18 W (as existing), the existing number is okay, but could do with aesthetically better looking ﬂoor washers. 2. Outer curving walls need a wall-wash from LEDs or FTLs.

Conclusions: The luminaires in use at present are lighting more of the tree foliage and causing blinding glare which forces the visitor to look down. Wrong direction of the asymmetrical wall washers end up washing the visitors. The three 400 W HPSV luminaires spoil the skyline of the War Memorial, being placed on top of the two concrete walls. 60 % of the energy or the illumination on the central sculpture is going waste. The energy consumption with proposed scheme is reduced by 3 to 4.5 times. The proposed lighting scheme has HPSV luminaires and LEDs, leading to better luminous efficacy and longer life. The sculpture colour demands a single wavelength colour.

The Staten Island September 11 Memorial, New York. Lighting as a Peace of Mind, Stress Buster, and curbing light pollution: There are cues and hints of what sensible lighting can do – not only save on energy costs, but

Lighting India November -December 2008

Light Sense give a beautiful illuminated, yet powerful expression to a thought, philosophy and concept to built environment. These are the very places one feels like thronging to, and it is not important that it has to be of a particular genre, The Staten Island September 11 Memorial, New York deserves a special mention in view of the concept of both the architect and the lighting designers in honour of the victims of the tragedy coming from Staten Island. “Postcards” – awesome, gigantic or oversized – reactions of the visitors to the site of the monument erected in fond memory of the 267 Staten Islanders who perished in the September 11 attack on the WTC, New York. (Text and photographs with permission from Joachim Ritter, Editor in chief, Professional Lighting Designers magazine, Germany).

The Architectural Concept: It was in summer of 2004 that this stirring memorial entitled “Postcards,” designed by Masayuki Sono, duly assisted by Lapshan Fong, rose in the island framing Ground Zero across on the other side. The two 12.2 M tall folded wing like features represent large scale postcards intended to connect the victims to those left behind and Sono, simply magniﬁed the size of an ordinary postcard by 267 times to arrive at the scale. Each of the 267 plaques portrays the face of victim in carved granite. The original idea of having shear walls for the memorial was replaced because of longevity of concrete along

November - December 2008 Lighting India

water front and maintenance. As an alternative, a high strength composite ﬁberglass laminate was selected consisting of E – glass, foam core and vinylester resin to clad the walls.

The lighting concept: The consortium of lighting designers Fisher Marantz Stone was associated with the project from the very beginning. During daytime, the sun in orbit casts shifting shadows on the recessed granite and backlights the 267 profiles. In the evening, artificial light substitutes for the sun. The memorial proves that the effect light and shadow has a powerful emotional factor and is directly linked with our inner selves. The silhouettes of the victims are the result of this effect. A full scale mock-up in the studio of the lighting designers proved invaluable and enabled the design team to precisely define the uplight locations, wall wash optics and wall base details needed to realize the architect’s vision. Only two types luminaires

were speciﬁed: 70 watt CDM ceramic metal halide in-ground to illuminate the rear sides of the two postcards to generate the silhouette effect. One inch diameter LED luminaires were fixed between the two postcard leaves as marker lights. Overall, it is the simplicity that makes this memorial so convincingly a masterpiece, with no extra illumination to give it a ‘light bath,’

Summing up, Every town deserves its glowing status, but not at the cost of a disappearing night sky. The International Dark Sky Association is creating awareness and so will a lighting master plan. The lessons to be learnt are: apply aesthetics, right luminaires and make sure that the night attire beﬁts the location. It wouldn’t make sense to visit Paris if its Illumination takes you around Shanghai instead

Pradeep K. Bhagat is an Assistant Professor in Chandigarh College of Architecture with a Masters in Architectural lighting Design from the University of Wismar, Germany.

Pradeep K. Bhagat

Apart from advising Chandigarh Administration on various lighting works, he is also a Design Member of the PLDA.

Product Profile

Steinel Sensor Technology Pammvi introduces the complete range of State of the Art of over 150 different models of motion and occupancy sensors for energy conservation from world leaders – Steinel - Germany, used for both indoor and outdoor applications.

IS 3360

The most important thing is that there is no need of any breakage or damage to any existing false ceiling or wall and no paint is spoilt and the installation is very simple. The DIY {Do It Yourself} category of sensors can be used for residential and small business applications, while the Professional series is used for integration and automation in large business establishments. These sensors switch on and off multiple electrical devices (e.g. fans, air conditioners, lights and appliances) based on human presence

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OMTEK in manufacturing Electronic Ballast Since its inception in 1992, Omtek has achieved global leadership in technology and manufacturing Electronic Ballast for HID (Metal Halide, Sodium Vapor, Mercury vapor, FTL & CFL) lamps. HID ballasts are patented internationally. Features of Omtek HID Ballast • Energy Saving up to 30% • Reduces CO2 Emission • Patented technology • Available from 35 Watt – 2500Watts • Constant Lumen at voltage range from 90 to 290 volts. • Flicker free operation (No 50 Hz ﬂickering) • Both Retroﬁt and CG Models • Lower Total Harmonic Distortion THD (24%, 10% and 3%) depending on models. • High Power factor >0.995 Areas of Application: Flood, Street, Stadium, Petroleum Sector, Mines, Coastal, Industrial, Commercial, Mall, Railways, Airports and Atomic Energy Lab Lighting

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Exd Soot Blower Panels from Baliga Baliga Lighting Equipments Pvt. Ltd., the pioneer in India in the manufacturing of Explosion proof equipments has unbeatable expertise in the design and manufacturing of Exd lighting equipments inclusive of a large variety of control panels. To meet the growing demand for these products prompted Baliga to extend their range of manufacturing to Exd Soot blower control panels for the roto-retractable lance soot blowers that is based on relay logic control. It controls multiple numbers of soot blowers, one main steam supply valve and one condensate drain valve. The area classification is ExdIIBIP-65T3. The panel comprises of several interconnected enclosures mounted on one common support frame provided with sun-rain shield. The support frame is suitable to be installed on the ground or on heater platform.

The Control panel can operate the blowing sequence in three different modes:

• Automatic sequence • Manual from remote (from Local Control Panel) • Manual from local (Local Control Station push buttons on soot blower)

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Lighting India November -December 2008

Ideal Luminosity

Professional Lighting by Clay

Paky Tina Turner Tours With Clay Paky

Some of the most stunning effects occur first during “Addicted to Love”, when the LED wall splits for the first time into four sections, revealing 40 Alpha Beams between the split screens.

November - December 2008 Lighting India

ina Turner, eight-time Grammy Award winner and Rock & Roll Hall of Famer, is currently making her long-awaited return to stages after an eight-year hiatus, during the “Tina Turner – Live in Concert” Tour, spanning North America and Europe. There are currently 80 dates scheduled, with more being added as the massive demand for tickets continues to increase.

Ideal Luminosity hung from custom brackets on the sides of a total of 8 LED screens, with 5 fixtures hanging along each side, which become visible when the screens separate from each other. Lighting Designer is Barry “Baz” Halpin, who lists Cher, Queen, Joe Cocker and Pink among his credits. “I chose the Alpha Beam 300 for Tina Turner because of their low power consumption and unparalleled output compared to anything else in its class,” said Halpin, “I was most impressed by their reliability, speed and effectiveness. They are lightweight, bright and pack a powerful punch. I love them!”

T Turner’s ’ new show h ffeatures t h her entire career of hits, backed by a spectacular production includes the singer’s high-energy band, original choreography, and of course, a jaw-dropping lighting scheme. The stage includes a stunning array of 80 Clay Paky Alpha Beam 300 fixtures, as part of a massive LED wall grid upstage. The fixtures hide behind a motion-controlled video wall, which separates into sections, allowing the Alpha Beams to shine through. The fixtures are

Some of the most stunning effects occur first during “Addicted to Love”, when the LED wall splits for the first time into four sections, revealing 40 Alpha Beams between the split screens, then again during “Simply the Best”, when the four screens divide into eight, showing all 80 fixtures beaming between. Halpin says, “They look just beautiful – they make an incredible impact without overwhelming the other stage elements. We were able to use all of their features in different ways to get a gorgeous variety of looks.” The Alpha Beam 300 is the new 300W Clay Paky Beam Moving Lights that are having a very strong impact on the worldwide market, thanks to their “new concept” exclusivity. It recently won the Award for Innovation at PLASA08 in September. “The judges were impressed by this amalgamation of existing technologies which has created a

new tool for lighting designers, offering greater versatility and flexibility,” said Matthew Griffiths, Managing Director of PLASA. Francesco Romagnoli, Clay Paky GM for the Americas tells us: “Alpha Beam is a winning and innovative product, conceived to complete one of the widest professional moving heads line in the world, the «Alpha Range». We have lit up some of this year’s leading events with these products from Shakira's tour to the Cure’s, from the Beijing Olympics to the Cirque du Soleil's latest show. Clay Paky products are now specifically requested by many American and British LDs following the intense promotion of our products with demos and presentations”. Francesco also mentioned the importance of the partnership between Clay Paky and PRG Distribution, initiated at the beginning of 2008: “PRG Distribution's professionalism and market penetration capacity have been determining factors in Clay Paky product distribution in America. The two companies have high esteem and faith in each other and I am convinced they will bring mutual success on both the short and longterm”. Eric Mueller (PRG Distribution Director of Sales) said, ”We were thrilled when Baz speciﬁed the Alpha 300s. They’re lowmaintenance and look absolutely stunning on stage. We knew every one would be really happy.”

Lighting India November -December 2008

Ideal Luminosity

Clay Paky colors the main buildings of Galati and Tecuci in Romania

foresight and having supported various urbanistic projects aimed at the modernisation of the country.

One of the first interventions was carried out at the Galati County Council, formerly a decadent home owned by Ceauşescu, now magnificent headquarters of the local County Council. Thereafter, it was the turn of the F.P.I.M.M. offices to be renovated, a foundation in charge of promotion of small and medium businesses.

he Romanian cities of Galati and Tecuci are considered the crossroads of Eastern Europe (located only a few km from the border with Moldavia and Ukraine). Today they are experiencing a cultural and artistic renaissance thanks to the resourcefulness of the local Chamber of Commerce. In addition to many enterprises undertaken, the Chamber decided to light the most important buildings in the city centres. Dan Lilion Gogoncea, head of the Galati’s Chamber of Commerce, is renowned in Romania for his

November - December 2008 Lighting India

The last to be renovated was the head office of the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture itself, a historical edifice built in honour of Alexander Ioan Cuza, head of state who, in 1859, unified the three parts into

which Romania had been divided, into one country. In order to light the building in such a way as to attract attention as well as enhance it, Dan Lilion Gogoncea delegated the job to architect Viorel Chirila and lighting designer Ion Calescu. They, in turn, analyzed the client’s requests and identiﬁed the type of product to use. Considering the ﬁxed nature of the installation, it was of vital importance to use projectors able to withstand the harsh elements and long winters for which the Balkan Peninsula is known. Only projectors IP65 protection considered.

offering an grade were

The next step was to select from

Ideal Luminosity

the wide variety of color changers available, those offering the best combination of color quality, lighting power, lamp product life and ﬂexibility in usage. Viorel Chirila and Ion Calescu singled out Clay Paky’s CP Color as the projector most suited for this application. 15 CP Color 150s and 8 CP Color 575s were positioned along the building’s perimeter and were equipped with diffusion ﬁlters that guaranteed even color diffusion. Viorel Chirila says: “Lighting buildings is a new concept in Romania that serves a dual purpose: embellishing the city buildings and creating a real attraction for all citizens. These interventions make the city

more liveable! To help guide us through this small revolution, we chose the products of a toplevel Italian company that is well-known and respected in the ﬁeld: Clay Paky.” The installation required lighting two adjacent buildings and a wall. The color changers were connected and controlled by a DMX signal, so that the color change was completely synchronized or deliberately asynchronous. This served to create a contrast of colors between the two building façades. Multiple programmings were also executed in order to have varying color combinations at hand. Ion Calescu, head of PRO Dance

Company, which carried out the installation, says: “We relied on the CP Colors for a number of reasons, not the least of which was that they used half as much electricity as other projectors with similar features. What’s more, Clay Paky CP Colors offered superb luminosity, saturated and pure colors, low operational and maintenance costs, and were easy to use.” According to the client, and especially the city citizens, the objective was realized in full. Those who either live or visit Galati and Tecuci are enchanted by this exceptionally colorful spectacle. Many people, including several newlyweds, use this setting as a backdrop for their keepsake photographs.

Lighting India November -December 2008