2012
Minglu lin practice design analysis
2014
Architectural design, especially healthcare design, is like a delicate surgery. All about human and nature. We diagnose the context issue and what users want. Then fix it. We hear the voice and build up what is inherent. We figure out the complexity and provide comprehensive solution by design. Good environment is healing.
Practice
01 healthcare in china jiahui international hospital in china 2014-2015 nbbj
design
02 poetic living Hospice design in nashivill 2013 healthcare environment award
03 Antigravity usc student health center 2013 Harlan E. Mcclure Award
analysis
04 Healthier senior living model in China Health policy paper 2013Clemson Cowriter: Shuo Yang
others
05 patient room prototype design+build+research 2013clemson - 2014Nbbj
06 design as a product light design 2014 clemson
07 design is... artwork 2013 clemson
Healthcare in different cultures
With commercial and residential projects slow down in China, mo and more attention is paid into healthcare market in China. Existin healthcare system- non-private wards, full of patients- cannot meet th need of better care. New policy of “only child” and allowance of fu foreign owned hospital show the signal. What they want is america standard hospital...
healthcare in china international hospital in China 2014-2015 nbbj Spending almost two years in this project, I played various roles as interior designer, medical planner and project coordinator. First year in New York, I developed main public space (Lobby, procedure waiting, ED waiting, public café and staff canteen) from concept to technical drawings. Second year in Shanghai, I was putting together material sample box and coordinating with MEP, curtain wall consultant, light consultant and LDI. This experience gives me a chance to better understand and compare healthcare design in both countries, and also be more prepared in “design globalization”.
s
ore ng he ully an
Due to the confidenciality of this project, I cannot include drawings, but some issues or solutions are universal or common in China.
01 Culture differential Other than those “hard” rules, there is also a curb called “culture”. For example, most money transition is still by cash, which requests registration station adjacent to back of house area. Due to big family in China, size of waiting area, patient room and number of elevator need more consideration.
02 code differential Chinese code is very different from American’s. For example, according to fire code, every fire compartment (<=2000sqm) should have two egress stair, which eat a lot of programmed space. Also, hospital in China could not use curtain wall except first floor, which put challenge to our façade design.
03 Process of design Something I learned from this project is “options always help”. It is challenge for architects but also a chance to better understand what client wants.
04 detail control Neat detail upscales the design, and is always the thing troubling foreign companies. The schedule doesn’t allow we draw every joint in DD, but the information has to be delivery properly. What is important and what we want to control need to be determine at the beginning.
05 Global and local Materials and furniture selection is also a challenge for designers in different area, especially for
healthcare projects. For example, stone is much cheaper in China, while rubber floor’s price is higher than usual, since Nora is the only mature manufactory. Wood door is cheaper than metal door and CMU is the common material for wall. All these factor change the design slightly. Some change could be benefit, while the others we may want to fight for.
06 Medical planning It is really hard to separate medical planning and hospital interior design. So we worked closely and I always observe what the problem is and what the solutions are. China has it special requirement because of large population and more cautiousness. Also, the care delivery process is slightly different from US. So even most experienced medical planner had a lot to learn when this project is in China. I have participated medical planning issues meeting in CD phase and think that experience really benefit when hearing all detail’s you can never think about as a designer.
07 Coordinate As a comprehensive project, coordination between structure and MEP team is critical. In China, the size of mechanical space is usually bigger than hospitals in US. Also, due to the local code for structure is slightly different from US. Early evolvement of consultant or LDI may save a lot of time.
08 “Break the wall” We are learning and trying to “break the wall” everday. Instead of compromize, we would like to push the edge to better design. For example, we found rubber floor is much expensive then VCT in China market. However, we would like to control the quality of design and plan for future maintain, so we do a study for each floor to find the best way to solve this issue.
poetic living Hospice design in nashivill 2013 healthcare environment award Palliative care is a big gap of hospital system. Instead of acute treatment, residents in hospice expect higher quality of living. So this project is perfect for describing the poetic living in my mind. Gorgeous site and the special function encourage me to create an ideal healthcare facility. In my mind, the ideal healthcare facility should be a poetic living space, a building peaceful, closed to nature and home-like. The hospice is designed to reach this goal.
floating box To minimize the interference with nature, The main part of the building is hidden and cannot be seen from the entrance level. The residents or visitors journary starts from peak of mountain. A two story box catches our eyes first and gives us the cue of the building. The main building and floating box, which contain family support and administration, are connected by a transparent lobby.
01 Original site Keep the existing path of site and follow the contour
02 Extension
Extend the mountain top platform as main building
03 Floating box Leave the platform as an outdoor activity space and put hotel for family and administration in a floating box
04 Enhance axis A meditation room and fountain was added to complete the path.
05 Breathing Faรงade treatment and mass transform give residents more access to nature.
06 Communication The platform and living space are connected by punch through box.
keep original path In addition to the gorgeous view, the nature of the existing path attracts my attention. Instead of keeping trees or topology, I think keeping the way people experience it is a more respectful way to treat the site. What I did in this project is based on the respecting the site, keeping and enriching the experience for people to explore the site and building.
Nature When we visit the existing nursing home, I found most elders like to hang out in the corridor and talk to each other. According to that evidence, I designed the corridor wider than normal size and provided seating along it. Also, the single loaded corridor allow one side open to the central garden. The circulation space is improved as a social space with nature view and daylight.
A
Level 4 54' - 0"
Level 3 41' - 0"
A
Level 2 28' - 0" A
A
Main Level 13' - 0"
Ground Level 0' - 0"
A
A
A
A
Level 4 54' - 0"
Level 3 41' - 0"
Level 2 28' - 0"
Main Level 13' - 0"
Ground Level 0' - 0"
UP
Mechanical 400 SF
Multisensory Room
Storage
262 SF
42 SF
Bulk Storage 403 SF
E
Storage 37 SF
art therapy 288 SF
Trash/recycling
Restroom
Loading area
403 SF
Hazardous waste
51 SF
967 SF
57 SF
music therapy
Nurse director
203 SF
pool/spa
holding/ seclusion
360 SF
90 SF
Kitchen
shipping and receiving
889 SF
189 SF
a
143 SF
Staff nurses
Medical director
353 SF
143 SF
Staff physicians
Restro
222 SF
central nurse station
A
A
56 SF
153 SF
65 S
electrical
restroom
131 SF UP UP DN DN
UP UP
UP DN
therapists office
314 SF
Central pharmacy
329 SF
restroom
corridor
101 SF
67 SF
central dinning
Social work
964 SF
115 SF
Outdoor dinning
B
B
nurse station satellite
86 SF
85 SF
Big bath
big bath
197 SF
195 SF
C
C
Day room 312 SF
Day room 310 SF
Pet sleeping/ playing room 127 SF
Library 198 SF
central living 502 SF
Dining Option
Dinning option
199 SF
205 SF
Activity/ Daycare room
informal kitchen
195 SF
60 SF
day room 303 SF
Chapel
Chaplain's office
D
623 SF
96 SF
D
community room 484 SF
Grieving room 144 SF
Grieving room 137 SF
E
ground level
88 SF
87 SF
92 SF
level 2
473 SF
Nurse station satellite
Community Pediatric education Business
entry level
C
01 Family zone located behind bathroom, which
03 02
increases the privacy of family. Small kitchen and window desk meet family needs for months of care.
01
02 Curtain wall introduces gorgeous views and daylight into residents room and window seat at bedside allows families to care for the patient and sleep at night.
03 Patio encourages outdoor activity
administration 157 SF
Family apartment
Volunteer work
494 SF
04
Family apartment 488 SF
157 SF
oom
Volunteer coordinator
Communications closet
Janitor's closet
67 SF
63 SF
64 SF
SF
Break room
Consultor 168 SF
Restroom Family apartment
105 SF
156 SF
UP
441 SF
DN
Locker
Consultation
156 SF
131 SF
Accounting 139 SF
family apartment
family apartment
Conference
506 SF
499 SF
194 SF
level 3
04
Light well in the roof provides light for living
room bathroom and corridor, and provides light for roof garden during the night.
Antigravity usc student health center 2013 Harlan E. Mcclure Award Why cannot hospital design be exciting and attractive? Instead of massive or institutional, hospital could be as delightful and popular as other type of buildings are. This project is trying to explore this possibility. In my interpretation, antigravity means developing building vertically, leaving ground floor as public open space and creating a light image, which I think is ideal feature respond to healthcare facility in urban environment. Compared to mega hospital, simple and light volume decreases the visual pressure. Leaving ground floor as public open space shows a welcome attitude to the city (campus) and changes health environment to multiple use and popular space.
site analysis 1. Limited space and rigorous edge around. 2. Large and different flow go through this site. 3. Lack of outdoor activity space 4. Good view and important image for the campus
PARKING
Edge
Gateway
Green space
Connection
01 seperate flow
Design the void
Since this is important gateway between two campuses, most people are passing by instead of going into health center. The building has responsibility to shape the flow and avoid intersection between different types of people.
Plaza
02 shaded plaza
Lift
To activate existing plaza and involve student life, an outdoor shaded green space needs to be designed for our site.
Health center
03 Small footprint
Fit
The site is a typical urban setting, with tight and rigorous surfaces around. A new mass will bring vision pressure to the environment. So the height and footprint are controlled to have minimal impact to the environment.
Landmark
04 landmark As a new building At the corner of campus, the place should be attractive and delight. To celebrate the plaza, the building needs to be iconic and easy to identify.
View
Transform
concept & program
0’
~1
0’
~1
12’ 12’ 12’
0’
~1
Orthogonal
Diagonal
Overla
Orthogonal grid keeps the building consistant with environment and also respond to one important path.
Diagonal grid responds to the other major path go through the site.
Two grid sy for consist and base
Base
Tower
Interac
By designing the internal plaza and steps which connect two levels, the base is shaped.
Floating tower as a clinic environment is twisted towards good views to the south.
The uppe shadow for
8’
10’ SF ~120 10’ SF ~120 10’ SF ~120
Module 8’
The orthogonal grid 120 SF 12’ is 12’x12’ and the 120 SF 12’ diagonal grid is around 9’ 9’ 10’x10’ 9’ 8’ 120 SF 12’
20’ 20’ 20’ 19’ 19’ 19’
8’ 0’ ~1 8’ 0’ ~8’1 13’ 12’ 120 SF~10’ 13’ 120 SF 12’ 13’ 12’ 120 SF
8’
Function 20’
120 SF 24’ 120 SF 24’ 120 SF 21’ 24’ 21’ 21’
9’ 9’ 9’
8’
20’
120 SF
24’ 120 SF 120 SF 8’ 13’ According to 120 20’SF 24’ 120 SF 21’ 13’ exam120 SFroom, the 24’ grid 13’ 21’ 19’ 120 SF 9’ could be combined 21’ 19’ 19’ or divided for different 9’9’ functions. 20’
20’ 20’ 19’ 19’ 19’
24’
13’ 13’
21’
13’
21’ 21’
24’ 24’
Struct
Every 24’ grid system point, whic for structur another grid
Counseling L5
ape
ystem work together tent design in tower General Clinic Eye Care L4
Woman Care
ct
er floor r plaza.
provides Lab Imaging L3
Mechenical
DNUP
ture
(orthogonal), two ms insect at the one ch provide possibility re system transfer to d.
Counselling entrance
Public
L2
Second level entrance
DNUP
Public Consult entrance (Egress)
Sport Medicine
L1
Wellness entrance
Wellness Center
Main entrance
Physical therapy Main entrance Wellness entrance
Admini
Logistic L-1
Mechenical
mep & daylight Structure
Daylight
63.7% Window
Multi-panel frame structures
Light well Courtyard Atrium Artificial
Truss
L4
01 c
24' - 2"
19' - 5"
20' - 10"
22' - 2"
21' - 6"
21' - 0"
W16X40
19' - 6"
21' - 0"
21' - 0"
21' - 0"
W33X387
21' - 0"
W14x34
12' - 6"
12' - 6"
Truss 1
W33X387
Truss
10' - 1"
7' - 2"
2' - 0"
1' - 1"
9' - 11"
2' - 6"
W24X103
53' - 2"
3' - 0"
10' - 1"
Multi-panel frame structures
Mechanical concept
Two mechanical rooms were planned in this building. The one for clinic zone is located in the structure layer. The other for base is underground. Multiple zone VAV system apply to different program.
Solid wall
Light well
Window wall
Window
Curtain wall
Atrium
For punch both r
courtyard
basement, four courtyards are hed through to provide daylight for room and corridor
02 Narrow plans & light drive layout
Narrow plan guarantee more daylight into interior space. Exam room as an environment used by both staff and patient get more daylight and nature view.
03 Light well One floor building has chance of introducing light from roof. Some walls are replaced by light well, providing both corridor and room light.
Level 4 +62'-0"
Level 4 +51'-0"
Level 4 +38'-0"
Level 4 +26'-0"
Level 4 +14'-0"
Level 4 Âą0'-0"
Level 4 -14'-0"
material & detail
01 Vertical louver To keep consistent and sculptural looking but also respond to different orientations, the tower employs varous space vertical louvers as facade treatment. 9’ 3’
9’ 6’
9’ 3’
9’ 3’
02 Corten as time variable material The louver will be Corten mesh, which shows color varied with time. Also, the color of Corten is consistent with surrounding brick building.
03 readable floor The floor is shown as the reference of slanted panel. Frost glass is used to defined the ceiling space and also read as horizontal element.
Healthier senior living model in China Health policy paper 2013Clemson Cowriter: Shuo Yang Elder care is a booming industry in all countries especially in China. One child policy creates a huge demand of elder care facilities. Although it is still in early stage, a lot of investment companies already started to explore of senior living model. However, those pioneers cannot be all successful because of the special culture and economic situation in China. From analyzing mature model in developed countries, we are trying to find a better solution of aging society.
Senior society
Traditional
Current
Senior people (60+) population is over 200 million in 2013, which is 14.8% the total population. Demographics Facing Nearly 1/2 Billion Over 60 Years of Age by 2050 or 1 in 3.
Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Over 60 years people 2010-2050 437M
Difficulty
1.
Age related diseases
70% chronic disease 15% severe disease 2. Dangers in life
Demand
1. Accessibility to hospital 2. Assistant for life 3. Social demand 4. Hobby demand 5. Quiet space
248M
12800 dead because of fall (US, CDC 2002) Burns and scalds
167M
3. ADLs (difficulty in performing activities of daily living)
2010
2020
33,000,000 (19%) Losing ability of driving Losing ability of cooking
2050
Source: United Nations Population Division. MIT Agelab, 2010
4.
Depression & Inactivity
Source: http://baike.baidu.com/view/6432569. htm http://baike.baidu.com/view/4267601. htm http://cswb.changsha.cn/ CSWB/20111107/Cont_1_7_189555. HTM
Support by children 40.7%
elders income
Other 1.8% Working income39.6%
Pension 24.1% Social Assistance
Working income Pension Social Assistance Properties investment Support by children
60-69 42.6% 24.1% 2.8% 0.4% 28.8%
70-79 14.8% 25.9% 5.1% 0.3% 51.9%
80-89 3.5% 21.1% 6.0% 0.2% 67.1%
90+ 2.9% 14.2% 6.9% 0.2% 73.6%
3.9% http://www.zhidaochina.com/17a.asp?id=876ng
Nursing facility 3%
Community 7% Living at home 90%
Distribution of different ways Big group of elders chose living at home. Finance situation is part of the reason but not most of it. Most elders born in depression time, and would rather have money in pocket instead of spending in improving their own life. But with new generation getting older, the situation will be improved.
2010 data <http://finance.people.com.cn/n/2012/0711/c1004-18489997.html>
Almost half 60+ senior people live alone or with spouse living alone
9.7%
Living with spouse 39.6%
Living with children 50.7%
Chinese tradition culture highly praises provision for the aged parents. So empty-nester is new phenomenon for china since 20 years ago, because 1.After 1990â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, it is easier to move to other places for working and living. 2.One child policy in cities since 1978. 3.Life longer . 4.Economic independent (have properties and income) .
Centralized U.S.
Level of care
Familiarity
Willing
Cost
ccrc (Centralize) sun city, Florida
Living at home Independent living Assisted living Nursing home Specialty care facility CCRC(continuing care retirement)
deCentralized Japan
Level of care
Familiarity
Willing
Cost
assisted living in community (deCentralize) nichi senior daycare center
Living at home Independent living Assisted living at home In community Nursing home Specialty care facility CCRC(continuing care retirement)
Continuing-Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) are facilities that include independent living, assisted living, and nursing home care in one location, so seniors can stay in the same general area as their housing needs change over time. There is normally the cost of buying a unit in the community as well as monthly fees that increase as you require higher levels of care. It also mean spouses can still be very close to one another even if one requires a higher level of care. Most CCRC requires residents to pay entrance fee as well as ongoing monthly fees. Monthly fees can be as low as $500 at some communities, escalating up to $3,000 or more depending on your contract type and service plan. Entrance fee usually is the cost of new house or apartment. For the rental agreement, the price varies from $20,000 to $500,000.
Another type of assistant living raised in Japan attracts our attention, which is also occurred in China from 21 century. That is assistant living provide by community. Those daily care facilities are implanted to existing or new community like retail. The facility provides the same level of care as independent living. Since it is intermediation between individual care and group care, the cost will be much low compared to assistant living at home. Other significant advantage is neighbors getting together in the day care facility fill the social demand.
“Senior friendly community instead of senior community” Following the discussion above, we would like to find a most suitable model for Chinese Senior living. As we can see, CCRC has various levels of care which is more advanced but high cost for getting certain level of care in CCRC set up the barrier for low income group. Moreover CCRC living environment is usually only a place for the senior. When we analysis need of different group, we found there is possibility they can satisfy the need of each other. For example, elder people can help take care of children, while those young couples are struggling with overtime work. The senior are also experienced and knowledgeable. Talking with the senior may help young people solve problems no matter in work or life. On the other hand, young people could definitely help old people with heavy labor. It is actually win-win mixing these two groups. However, we cannot deny that CCRC will eventually become a better-developed and affordable system in China. Before that happen, there are two obstruction. Firstly, most 50-60 years old people have been through “depression period”. Given the experience, those people are less willing to spend money on themselves, although they have enough to make life better. The other is
from culture. To ensure majority population in community is old people, most houses or apartments are for rental only, or for membership. In either way, their children cannot inherit this property. They will think it is unworthy to make that investment. In conclusion, we advocate a new type of elder care system based on the CCRC model but the community is not only for elder. Instead of senior community, we advocate senior friendly community. The community should be designed to accommodate senior living and also provide various levels of care by plug-in “retail” day care facility. “Two generation house” may be one of the housing types of community. The model allows the senior lived with their children or other young people but also accept necessary care. What makes this new model more potential is the senior could have different options and choose their care type depending their economic status. We will analyze the economic feasibility more in Chapter 3. To illustrate what we recommended for the senior friendly community, several strategies are listed below.
patient room prototype design+build+research 2013clemson - 2014Nbbj
Exam & treatment
family invo
In my option, graduate study is not only about getting knowledge but also exploring more possibility. Patient room prototype is that kind of pioneer work. We cooperated with product design students in Carlton University (Canada) and challenge existing patient room design. We are finally design and built a patient room. We learned a lot construction issues which we have never thought about before. This process doesn’t end after I graduated. By comparing various types of patient rooms in NBBJ projects, I have better understanding from more respective.
How to design a efficient headwall with non-institution looking is critical topic. designed as a “plug and play” system. Based on the acuity, different rooms In addition, with the use of a simple tool, the panels could be replaced to a adding new technology.
daytime
nighttime
olving
. The side panel of headwall was s could have different mountings. adapt to changing functions and
outboard Square footage Same-handed Mirror-handed Headwall toilet Footwall toilet Centralized Decentralized Ada accessible toilet Feature
inboard Square footage Same-handed Mirror-handed Headwall toilet Footwall toilet Centralized Decentralized Ada accessible toilet Feature
interlock Square footage Same-handed Mirror-handed Headwall toilet Footwall toilet Centralized Decentralized Ada accessible toilet Feature
design as a product light design 2014 clemson Design is a whole life cycle process. From the concept to installation and even operation should all be design issues. In another word, I believe all issues could be solved by good design. Although building is much complex than most products, but I would like to think architectural design as an unrepeatable product design. The light is what I design for Clemson Chinese New Year Event. They are made by those thing easily get: painted cardboard, tracing paper and desk lamp.
design is... artwork 2013 clemson When we were assigned to make a “manifesto” in 2’x2’ size, I have my idea right away. Architecture is an art in three-dimension, or I will say fourdimension. Viewers experience our design by moving, recording and involving, which is like this manifesto itself. It is three-dimension and people have to move to understand what they are looking at. After all, it is about to find that “unique angle” to see ordinary thing, which is design itself.
EDUCATIONS
Minglu Lin
08/2006-06/2011
minglulin@gmail.com 864.650.7272 (US) 9 North Xihuan Rd, Apt.404 Fuzhou, Fujian, China 350001
08/2011-05/2013
Clemson University Master of Architecture Architecture+ Health Program GPA 3.9/4.0 Southeast University, Nanjing, China Bachelor of Architecture Overall GPA 3.6/4.0 Studio GPA 3.9/4.0 rank 6th of 84
AWARDS 10/2013 05/2013 06/2011 04/2009
Healthcare Environment Award Contract Magazine Harlan E. Mcclure Award Clemson School of Architecture City Sense Competition First Prize of Clemson Charrette, http://issuu.com/actar/docs/city_sense â&#x20AC;&#x153;Modern Cupâ&#x20AC;? Architecture Design Competition Second Prize - in historical block of Shanghai, China
EXPERIENCE 07/2014-NOW
07/2013-06/2014
Designer in NBBJ Shanghai office Project:Jiahui International hospital(China)[CD Coordinate] Scope for projects: Medical planning, Architecture design & Interior design Designer in NBBJ New York office Project:NYU Kimmel Pavilion, Jiahui International hospital(China)[SD,DD], Children hospital of Philadelphia[Master plan], PENN Medicine Perelman imaging expansion [Interior design] Charleston Children hospital [Competition] Scope for projects: Medical planning, Architecture design & Interior design
]
10/2014 11/2013 11/2012 06/2012-08/2012 11/2011
Publication <Efficiency and User-friendly> in <Chinese Hospital Architecture & Equipment> Issue 2014 No.10. 2013 Healthcare Design Conference Receive Healthcare Environment Award Attender to lecture and talk 2012 Healthcare Design Conference Student Charrette Clemson representative team Intern in KMD Architects SF office Interior rendering 2011 Healthcare Design Conference Volunteer Attender to lecture and talk
LANGUAGE Chinese (Native Speaker) English (Fluent)
CERTIFICATIONS LEED AP BD+C Certificated by GBCI. License No. 10821070
SOFTWARE SKILL CAD, Modeling & rendering Autodesk Revit [fluent user], Autodesk CAD, Sketchup, Rino, Vary for Sketchup Graphic Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrate, Adobe Indesign
2012
Minglu lin practice design analysis
minglulin@gmail.com 864.650.7272 (US) 9 North Xihuan Rd, Apt.404 Fuzhou, Fujian, China 350001
2014