Coordinator Samer Akkach Peter Cittadini Candy Aung Katie Miller
STRUCTURES OF LIGHT
LIGHT PAVILION
Minh An Thuy NGUYEN a1745218
The University of Adelaide School of Architecture and Built Environment
Representation II 2018
Contents PLACE
IDEA
FORM
01 • Site description • Scale study • Site analysis
04 • Seek Light metaphor • Spatial explorations • Plan
07 • Light Pavilion • Plan • Explored perspective • Movement • Internal views • Construction detailing
Light Pavilion
CASE STUDY
13 • Luminosity • Reflection • Opacity • Filtration
APPENDIX
Site description 3D views Maths Lawns is surrounded by six building that are the Barr Smith Library, Ingkarni Wardli, Engineering & Maths Sciences, Santos Petroleum Engineering, the Braggs, and Molecular Life Sciences building. The architecture of the area is the intersection of classic and modern.
South West Ground View
North East Ground View
South West Aerial View
North East Aerial View
Light Pavilion
Ambient light There is an abundance of ambient light on the site which lights up most of the area. Although the shadow casts in the morning in winter, sunlight presents a nice ambiance for many outdoor activities, which are the events of the University of Adelaide, relaxing from studying, even lying in the lawn. At night, artificial lighting dominates the interior ambient light which created the peaceful place and cozy atmosphere. 85 years of the Barr Smith Library is heritage listed by South Australian Heritage Register, which was built in the medieval Gothic style.
Day light
Night light
The Barr Smith Library - Night light
1
Scale study Proportion in Architecture The English author Henry Wotton translated ‘de Architectura’, which was written by Roman architect Vitruvius in 1624, and interpreted Vitruvius’ three conditions of a good building to be commodity (usefulness), firmness (solidity or strength) and delight (beauty). Proportion plays an important role in all three, as it provides guidelines for laying out useful spaces, for designing structural systems, and for creating an aesthetically pleasing environment. The proportions of a space can dramatically change how visitors feel in it, and the proportions of a facade design can affect whether a building appears welcoming threatening, or impressive.
Proportion as the expression of rchitecture
Bar Smith Library Plan - Scale 1:200
Light Pavilion
The golden ratio The golden ratio (also called the golden rectangle) is a proportioning system that governs the relationship of smaller parts to the whole. It has long been believed to produce some of the most aesthetically pleasing shapes in nature, and as such has been used in many works of art and architecture. The ratio is AB:BC=BC:AC=1:1.618.
Bar Smith Library Elevation - Scale 1:200
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Scale study Light and Shadow
Summer 9am/12pm/3pm
Movement and Access
Light Pavilion
Light and Shadow
Winter 9am/12pm/3pm
Study
Meeting
Clubs
Passenger
Social character
N
N
Winter Soltice
Summer Soltice
Sun direction (South Australia)
Events
3
Seek Light Seek Light is a journey
“There is a crack in everything. That's how the light gets in.” Leonard Cohen, Selected Poems, 1956-1968
I sense Light as the giver of all presences and material as spent Light. What is made by Light casts a shadow and the shadow belongs to Light. Louis Kahn
Light Pavilion
Light in architecture helps break up a vast amount of space. It also gives a building three-dimensional feeling. The natural light casts natural shadow, creates a space with a dynamic appearance as the shadow changes as the sun moves, giving life to space.
“A room is not a room without natural light.� Louis Kahn
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Spatial explorations Spatial diagram of concept 1 Pattern of rotten leaf
Dried leaf
Sketch
Dewdrops
Leaf lies on the ground
Plan
En���
En���
E�i�
Elevation 1
Day light
Elevation 2
Night light
Light Pavilion
Spatial diagram of concept 2
Solar system
Green house
The Green Earth
Plan - 1:500 Mars
Pluto
Venus Jupiter Earth
Saturn
Mecury Moon
Uranus
Neptune Entry
Pluto
Mars Jupiter Earth
Saturn
Mecury Moon
Uranus
Neptune Entry
1
7
4
2
5 1
3
3
6
1. An exhibition area 2. Reception area 3. Seminar room 4. Reading space 5. Small library 6. Storage space 7. Toilets (M/F/D) 8. Disable access
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5
Spatial explorations Spatial diagram of concept 3 Dandelion flowers
Rainbow
Sketch
Plan 1:500 Storage Seminar 1 Seminar 2
Toilet Ehibition space Reception Elevator (Disable access)
Movement
Reading space
Library
Light Pavilion
SECTION A-A
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Light Pavilion
Light Pavilion
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Plan
Sections A-A
Sections C-C
A
Seminar 1 Seminar 2
C Ehibition space Reception Elevator (Disable access)
Plan 1:200
A
Light Pavilion
Section B-B
B Storage
Toilets Reading space
Library
B
C
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Explored perspective Structure
Glass roof Lawn Concrete roof
Partition
Stairway
Wall
Floor
Light Pavilion
Composition
Seminar room 1
Toilets (M / F / D)
Seminar room 2 Storage Exhibition area
Stairway
Library
Disable access (Elevator)
Reception area
Reading area
Stairway
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Movement MOVEMENT Inside
Outside
Disable Access (Elevator)
Light Pavilion
Aerial View
Ground View
10
Internal views MOVEMENT
Light Pavilion
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Construction detailing
Glass roof detail
Concrete roof detail
Light Pavilion
Partition detail
Stairway detail
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Luminosity Linguistic definitions
References ArchDaily. 2018. Fluid Luminosity: The Architectural Lighting of Zaha Hadid. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/868157/fluid-luminosity-the-architectural-lighting-of-zaha-hadid. Accessed August 2018. Archdaily. 2009. MAXXI Museum / Zaha Hadid Architects. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/868157/fluid-luminosity-the-architectural-lighting-of-zaha-hadid. Viewed 16 December 2009.
Luminosity, the presence, and diffusion of light is the brightness of a light source of a certain wavelength, which has a resultant effect on the way it appears to the human eye, measured as the ratio of luminous flux to radiant flux at that wavelength. In the architecture, luminosity is the illumination of an object, space or building that uses artificial or natural light to create an aesthetic appeal. Leeza SOHO, Beijing, China
Philosophical definition Luminosity or illumination from a philosophical perspective can be defined as the action of illuminating or the state of being illuminated in either a spiritual or intellectual enlightenment. The concept involves applying a source of light that achieve a practical or aesthetic effect, and this can include both natural and artificial approaches. In terms of visible light, luminosity is the only thing that allows us to perceive a design through our sense of sight. Therefore, six important principles are color and temperature, height, density, direction and distribution, luminance, and illuminance in architectural design. The difference between “luminance” and “illuminance” is that luminance represents the amount of light emitting, passing through or reflected from a particular surface. It also indicates how much luminous power can be perceived by the human eye, while illuminance describes the quantification of the amount of light falling onto and spreading over a surface area. Two terms measured using a chroma meter, an illuminance (lux) meter, or an illuminance spectroradiometer.
Graphic of luminance, illuminance, luminous intensity, and luminous flux, www.studiojpic.com
Light Pavilion
“I started out trying to create buildings that would sparkle like isolated jewels; now I want them to connect, to form a new kind of lanscape, to flow together with contemporary cities and the lives of their peoples”. Zaha Hadid
The Architectural Lighting of Zaha Hadid Dame Zaha Mohammad Hadid DBE RA was an Iraqi-British architect and the first woman to receive the Pritzker Architecture Prize, in 2004. Her projects are remarkable for an innovative way of using materials and for advances in using light to render. The remarkable development of Zaha Hadid’s luminous legacy is seen at Vitra Fire Station to the Leeza SOHO skyscraper, which collects an abundance of daylight. The gap between architecture and perception is closed by light, especially the reflected light. By Hadid's architectural imagination, light lines might appear graphical at first sight, which is considered luminous lines. They play a vital instrument in her architecture when it comes to enhancing fluidity with daylight and lighting. Zaha Hadid applied virtuous flowing forms to the concept of de-constructed fluidity. Firstly, it is important to recognize that the plan of MAXXI, Museum of Arts of the XXI century, in Rome, created the unison between fluid forms, daylight, and lighting. The museum is a campus of art where particular attention has been given to the natural lighting. It crosses through the thin concrete beams on the ceiling together with glass covering and filtering systems, that guide the visitors through the interior walkway. Although the building is applied the simple colors such as black and white, the effect of them is over expectations through using the concept of reflection that can draw out contrasts between different colors and create a very specific distribution of light in a space. Moreover, specular materials, reflect light as a mirror does, which can result in reflected images of the light source being visible ‘on’ the surface and matte surfaces, such as concrete, reflect light diffusely equally in all directions.
In this case, the glass covering with the thin concrete beam on the ceiling is the perfect combination that can bring the natural light into the building by utilizing the rule of reflection. Diffuse light flows through the building and builds a calm counterpoint to the dynamic lines and the black and white material contrast. Secondly, the Hey Aliyev Centre, Baku 2012, refers to a softer graduation of light and shadow. The flat glass facades mirror the surrounding environment during the day. The interior artificial light reflects on the exterior surfaces and exterior floodlights that can emphasize the architectural design. In sum up, a remarkable architectural design is not only in the innovative way of handling tangible materials but also in the utilizing fluidly of light.
MAXXI Museum, Rome, Italy
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Reflection Linguistic definitions
References Schielke T. Veiled in Brilliance: How Reflective Fasades Have Changed Modern Architecture. ArchDaily. 2017. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/796974/veiled-in-brilliance-how-reflective-facades-have-changed-modern-architecture. Accessed August 23, 2018. Eric David. The Majestic Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg by Herzog & de Meuron. Yatzer. 2018. Available at: https://www.yatzer.com/elbphilharmonie-hamburg. Accessed August 23, 2018.
Reflection is the process by which light and heat are sent back from a surface and do not pass through it. In other words, a reflection is an image that you can see in a mirror or in glass or water but not the source of the image itself. In space, reflection is a universal property of matter, the
Laeiszhalle,
Hamburg,
Philosophical definition For Hegel, the concept of reflection is the correspondence of mental images with the material world, the basis of the materialist approach to cognition. In inorganic nature, reflection is the process of things reproducing, under the influence of other things. Inorganic nature, reflection is an active process, such as in the adaptation of animals to their environment or the irritability of plants and other organisms. For example, a particular flower turns towards the Sun although Faรงade with curved glass elements,
Light Pavilion
In the years since countless uniform structural skyscrapers with the monotony of large glass facades have promoted and bored urban citizens. Thus, reflective facades such as glass and metal have been innovatively transformed to create crystalline images, which has changed the meaning in architecture from the internal space-from towards the external surface.
Aluminium discs, Selfridges
Messe Basel - New Hall, Basel
How Reflective Facades Have Changed Modern Architecture The glass facade at the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg by Herzog & de Meuron reshapes the perception of the city, water, and sky by inside and outside curved glass elements. The building reflects not only the light of the blue sky but also lines of brilliant light streaks as shimmer through the distinctive curves of balconies and facades. The Elbphilharmonie operates as a magical eyecatcher with the curved facade which printed dot screens evokes a vivid and liquid image. Additionally, the vertical and horizontal convex curves of numerous single glass elements reinforce the shiny distorted reflections of the sky. Transparent glass facades combined with the distinctive curves, which created the intriguing imagery of brilliant reflections. This form not uses as the limitation with outside, it also creates an interesting view for those inside of the building. The building is a crystal sculpture on a pedestal or a glass castle on a rock, gleaming with reflections of the river below and the sky above. It also features both architecture and art which majestically soars above the city. The glass facade, which has been intricately curved to bulge, changes color in response to the shifting light, adding to the building’s crystal-like appearance. In addition, the glass façade brings to the building the flexible transformation in performance, which can create various figure thanks to the reflection of both natural light and artificial light.
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute
Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles
It also refers to the color of the surrounding area when it comes to day and night light, water surface movement, and the atmosphere. In sum up, the reflective facade of the building, as a clear mirrored picture reflects the surrounding environment, is a process of modification and reproduction by using transparent material and distinctive curves of the balconies combine.
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Opacity Linguistic definitions
References Architecture Design Primer. "Opacity, Transparency & Translucency". Published November 20, 2012. https://architecturedesignprimer.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/opacity-transparency-translucency/ Thomas Schielke. "Light Matters: Whiteness in Nordic Countries". published August 29, 2014. https://www.archdaily.com/542503/light-matters-white-
The opacity of an object is defined as “the quality of a material that does not allow light to pass through it” or opacity of state of a body is defined that “quality makes it impervious to the rays of light”. It can be also considered as the quality of lacking transparency or translucence. Hence, opacity and transparency are two completely opposite side. Hyvinkää Church, Hyvinkää, Finland
Philosophical definition Opacity in architecture can be quality of opaque of materials which have an influence on the quality of organization of spaces. In other words, opacity and transparency are the basic qualities of the surface that can help designers treat space effectively by utilizing opaque or transparency surfaces. While transparent surfaces allow full visual, opaque surfaces can create partial visual separation with partial physical separation. For example, a mesh can allow facilitating sound and air movement, which cannot be allowed by a transparent material such as glass. Relationships between various spaces can be made flexible when architects begin to combine these qualities of the material.
Dybkær Kirke Church, Silkeborg, Denmark
Light Pavilion
Bagsværd Church, Copenhagen, Denmark
The Bagsværd Church by Jorn Utzon plays with white. The architect elucidated that light is the most important feature of the church and he provided white walls and ceilings to make an intensity of light inside building in the limited daylight situations of Denmark.
Aarno Ruusuvuori states that “Light originates somewhere, but man does not need to know where. Lighting is not an end in itself. But its meaning is to create This quote can describe that light can be seen indirectly through reflected of multiple surfaces before illuminating a space and how opacity appears in many ways. Without the doubt, white surfaces offer a high reflectance which response to unique light situations in Scandinavia countries. Pirkkala Church, Tampere, Finland
Whiteness in Nordic Countries The term "Nordic countries" is used unambiguously for Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland where share a similar light environment with the scarce light in either winter and long summer days. Because of the low position of the sun in northern regions, daylight enters the buildings from the side and creates long shadows at a sharp angle indoors and outdoors. The Nordic countries have developed great buildings that counterbalance the unique light in this environment. Henry Plummer, Professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, has studied the various Nordie daylight phenomena with extensive photo journeys and brilliant writing of an analytical and poetic style. His view is that utilizing reflective white spaces to maximize interior brightness for dark winter periods. He also reveals that whiteness is an important aspect of how subdued light enter the buildings effectively
Dybkær Kirke Church, Silkeborg, Denmark
The Pirkkala Church by Käpy and Simo Paavilainen, an outstanding example of a dramatic light and shadow in the time sequence. Lights are filtered through glazing bars of the side window and glass acts as a lens that creates the richly contrasting sunlight projections. Denmark´s medieval churches, an early example of whiteness, feature this white interior architecture which still influences modern buildings such as the Dybkær Church by Regnbuen Arkitekter. The light presented within this building as a glancing wash and a shower of light throughout different times of the day. Further on, textured walls are animated by irregular white brickwork.
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Filtration Linguistic definitions
References https://www.archdaily.com/597598/light-matters-le-corbusier-and-the-trinity-of-lightly.com/542503/light-matters-whiteness-in-nord ic-countries
Filtration is defined as "the act of passing a liquid or gas through a piece of equipment in order to remove solid pieces or other substances" or "the process of using a filter to remove solids or gasses" (Cambridge Dictionary). Filtration is also a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass, but not the solid. Monastery of Sainte Marie de la
Philosophical definition Light filtration involves “a screen, plate, or layer of a substance which absorbs light or other radiation or selectively absorbs some of its components”. It allows patterns to form and elements to be removed. Filtration is an integral part of decision and ‘goodness’ are the basic for every decision however it is filtration and clarification that allow the decisions to materialise into actions. It is believed that “any theory that a person can use to guide his actions must be irreducibly subjective; that is, the considerations a person uses to guide his actions must be filtered through his own beliefs (this is why goodness alone cannot guide action).’ It cannot be determined through practical reasoning.
Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, France
Light Pavilion
Le Corbusier and the Trinity of Light The architects of modernism in the early twentieth century saw light as perhaps the most important fundamental of architecture. In his later works, Le Corbusier’s attitude towards light shifted. Light no longer revealed his architecture; instead, his architecture revealed light. The depth in the facades of his buildings such as the Mil Owners’ Association Building in Ahmedabad (1951-54) used their pure geometries not as ends in themselves but as means to celebrate light shadow. Light’s truth became a truth of emotion change rather than of pure reason. For his three sacred buildings, Le Corbusier subtly interprets the direction, openings and textures to create a dynamic architecture. His pilgrimage chapel at Ronchamp, the Monastery of Sainte Marie de La Tourette, and the parish church of Saint-Pierre in Firminy showcase a unique and individual approach, each using light to render a space of contemplation. Henry Plummer, Professor Emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, analysed these projects with outstanding photos and wonderful writings in his book "Cosmos of Light: The Sacred Architecture of Le Corbusier". In term of Plummer, the main characteristics of the Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950-1955) form the continouus circle of solar events. The drawing dung illuminates The alcove of the side chapel and turns the red-painted void even redder. In term of Plummer, this reddish morning light is a clear analogy to human birth. Later, the tall slot between the east and south walls are flooded with sun, continous with the rays of light through the deep cavities of the south wall. The small horizontal crack of ten centimetres lifts the roof from the wall and creates a harsh contrast to the glow of the vertical brise-soleil at the southeast corner. Church of Saint-Pierre, Firminy, France
The light orchestration at La Tourette is more complex and widely dispersed in comparison to Ronchamp, remarks Plummer. The Monastery of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'arbresle (1953-1960), with its rectilinear geometry, embodies a clear counterpoint to the poetic forms of Ronchamp and Firminy. Around noon the waves of light disappear and sunlight from two angled tubes in the roof stribes down into the darkness with sharply defined beams. On overcast days, tow soft luminous veils emerge on the walls. With the approach of the sunset a golden light shoots into the church and hits the altar wall. A rectilinear light cannon projects the intense warm sunlight onto the interior wall while a cool sky blue falls softly through the stella windows. Here the cosmic scenes of day and night appear mysteriously together. The scenography at the church of Saint-Pierre at Firminy (1960-2006) is arranged in three acts, waves of light are generated by dots of lights on the floor which come from the small stellar windows on the east facade. Polycarbonate cylinders woth concentric grooves holding the glue cause these impressive wave effects. The luminous cylinders were mounted into the concrete wall. Plummer pointed out that Le Conrbusier could not have envisioned this phenomenon. Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, France
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