Sharing Best Management Practices
Also Inside
Employee Incentives
Smarty Parties Landscape Awards Networking News
a healthy debate
Listening, learning, questioning & considering makes for a stronger industry
Vol: 37 No: 4 Apr 2014 t h e o f f i c i a l p u b l i c at i o n o f t h e M i n n e s o ta N u r s e r y & L a n d s c a p e A s s o c i at i o n
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To l l f r e e : 1 . 8 5 5 . 8 4 7 . 7 7 6 7
Volume 37 No. 4 Apr 2014
contents 29
51 38
IN THIS ISSUE 9
Events
10 From the Executive Director Membership Survey Results 14 EAB Biological Control in MN
66
17 Sharing Best Management Practices Heidi Heiland shares her company’s monthly schedule.
20 Employee Incentives How and why to create a culture that rewards high achievers and frustrates poor performers.
29 New Plant Forum, Part III The final round of highlights from the Northern Green Expo’s New Plant Forum moderated by Debbie Lonnee.
38 COVER STORY: More on the Mulch Debate
25 Marketing Fresh Flowers Research for the Real World from the MNLA Foundation 44 Gypsy Moth Detection Results MDA’s annual survey on gypsy moth trapping 51 Hiring Workers Under 18 Years Old Patrick McGuiness lays out helpful guidelines for utilizing high school students in your company. 56 Foundation Corner Dean Engelmann reminisces about his younger days. 60 MNLA Landscape Award Winners 64 Networking News & Business Briefs
The issue of applying mulch to newly planted trees stimulates healthy discussion among green industry professionals.
46 Smarty Parties Educational events help promote the value of your premium brand.
66 Create a Wildlife Tree — Leave the Snags! We sometimes overlook the importance of deadwood in a functioning forest ecosystem, notes Faith Appelquist. Landscape & Hardscape Install & Design Garden Services & Landscape Management Garden Centers Growers: Nursery & Greenhouse Irrigation & Water Management Arborists & Tree Services All
The Scoop, April 2014, Issue 4 (USPS # Pending) (ISSN # Pending), is issued monthly, 12 times per year. All original works, articles or formats published in The Scoop are © Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association, 2014, and may not be used without written permission of MNLA, 1813 Lexington Ave N., Roseville MN 55113. Subscription price is $100 for one year, which is included with member dues. Application to mail at Periodical Postage Prices is Pending at St Paul, MN. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Scoop, MNLA, 1813 Lexington Ave N., Roseville MN 55113. Editorial Contributions. You are invited to share your expertise and perspective. Article ideas and manuscripts should be submitted to the publisher at jon@mnla.biz or 651-633-4987. MNLA reserves the right to edit all articles.
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Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association Successful Businesses Grow Here! 1813 Lexington Ave. N. Roseville, MN 55113 651-633-4987 • Fax: 651-633-4986 Outside the metro area, toll free: 888-886-MNLA, Fax: 888-266-4986 www.MNLA.biz • www.NorthernGreenExpo.org
MNLA Mission: The mission of the Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association is to help members grow successful businesses.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
heidi heiland, mnla-cp, president Heidi’s Lifestyle Gardens 612-366-7766 • heidi@BloomOnMN.com
herman roerick, vice-president
Central Landscape Supply 320-252-1601 • hermanr@centrallandscape.com
scott frampton, secretary-treasurer
Landscape Renovations 651-769-0010 • sframpton@landscaperenovations.com
debbie lonnee, mnla-cp, past president
Bailey Nurseries, Inc. 651-768-3375 • debbie.lonnee@baileynursery.com
randy berg, mnla-cp
A Top Notch Equipment ................................................................................... 16 Alliance Designer Products ................................................................................ 4 Anchor Block Company .................................................................................... 24 Ancom Communication & Technical Center .................................................... 27 Arborjet ............................................................................................................ 67 Astleford Equipment Co. .................................................................................. 62 Better Homes & Gardens Real Estate .............................................................. 48 Carlin Horticultural Supplies/ProGreen Plus ..................................................... 35 Central Landscape Supply ................................................................................ 23 COWSMO, INC. ............................................................................................... 57 Cushman Motor Co. Inc ................................................................................... 27 D. Hill Nursery Co. ............................................................................................ 57 Dayton Bag & Burlap ........................................................................................ 57 Edney Distributing Co., Inc. ............................................................................. 15 Farber Bag & Supply Co. .................................................................................. 23 Fury Motors ........................................................................................................ 8 Gardenworld Inc. .............................................................................................. 23 Gertens Wholesale ........................................................................................... 53
Berg’s Nursery, Landscape/Garden Center 507-433-2823 • rberg@smig.net
GM Fleet and Commercial ................................................................................. 3
tim malooly, cid, clia, cic
Gopher State One-Call ..................................................................................... 15
Water in Motion 763-559-7771 • timm@watermotion.com
patrick mcguiness
Zlimen & McGuiness PLLC 651-331-6500 • pmcguiness@zmattorneys.com
mike mcnamara
Hoffman & McNamara Nursery & Landscaping 651-437-9463 • mike.mcnamara@hoffmanandmcnamara.com
Great Northern Equipment Distributing, Inc. ..................................................... 8 Haag Companies, Inc. ...................................................................................... 33 Jeff Belzer Chevrolet .................................................................................. 36–37 Johnson’s Nursery, Inc. ..................................................................................... 35 Kage Innovation ............................................................................................... 58
jeff pilla, mnla-cp
Klaus Nurseries ................................................................................................. 58
cassie larson, cae
Landscape Alternatives Inc. .............................................................................. 58
Bachman’s Inc. 612-861-7600 • jpilla@bachmans.com
Kubota Dealers ................................................................................................. 43
MNLA Executive Director 651-633-4987 • cassie@mnla.biz
Midwest Groundcovers .................................................................................... 50
Staff Directory
Plaisted Companies ............................................................................................ 7
Cassie Larson, CAE • cassie@mnla.biz
Prairie Restorations, Inc. ................................................................................... 57
membership director & trade show manager:
RDO Equipment Co. ........................................................................................ 48
communications director: Jon Horsman • jon@mnla.biz education/cert manager: Susan Flynn • susan@mnla.biz government affairs director: Tim Power • tim@mnla.biz administrative assistant: Jessica Pratt • jessica@mnla.biz accountant: Norman Liston • norman@mnla.biz mnla foundation program director:
RDO Equipment Co. – Vermeer ....................................................................... 24
executive director:
Mary Dunn, CEM • mary@mnla.biz
Jodi Larson • jodi@mnla.biz • www.TheLandLovers.org
advertising sales: 952-934-2891 / 763-295-5420
Faith Jensen, Advertising Rep • faith@pierreproductions.com Betsy Pierre, Advertising Mgr • betsy@pierreproductions.com
legislative affairs consultant: Doug Carnival 6
ad list
Volume 37 No. 4 Apr 2014
➾ section title
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➾
Did you miss a webinar? ALL of our webinars are recorded and available for viewing afterwards. Login to MNLA.biz to learn more!
MNLA Event
MNLA Event
APR8 Webinar Limited Liability Status for Small Companies What it Means and How to Keep It
APR9–10 ➾
➾
OFA Short Course is now Cultivate 14
sponsor
Columbus, Ohio Cultivate14.org It is a dynamic experience designed to offer interactive learning, community building, and it celebrates all of horticulture.
➾
JUL31
MNLA Event
JUL 22
➾ Landscape
Design Tour
24th Annual Widmer Golf Tournament
➾
jul 12–15
Pesticide Certification Workshop & Exam TIES Conference Center, St. Paul MNLA.biz Prepare for the category A and E pesticide applicator certification exam by attending this 1½ day study program. Day 2 includes testing, if desired. (Does not qualify for MDA RE-certification.)
MNLA.biz Bryan Zlimen, Zlimen & McGuiness PLLC, will discuss how the use and maintenance of a business entity can protect business owners from liability. If you’re operating without a business entity or have a business entity but are unclear about what business practices and records you should be maintaining, this presentation is for you!
Oak Marsh Golf Course, Oakdale, MN MNLA.biz Join your fellow Hackers for Horticulture at the 24th Annual Widmer Golf Tournament! An awards reception will immediately follow the tournament with a chance to win great prizes.
2014 MNLA seminars generously supported by John Deere Landscapes
➾
651-633-4987 MNLA.biz This year’s tour will highlight outstanding sustainable landscape designs in the metro area.
aug7
➾ garden
center Tour 651-633-4987 MNLA.biz We will tour several MNLA garden center locations in the Twin Cities. Network with other professionals and take away great ideas to implement at your own garden center.
Key:
Event Education
All information on these and other industry events are online at MNLA.biz. april 14
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➾ from the executive director
The Results Are In: 2014 MNLA Membership Survey Our deep appreciation goes to all our members and prospective members who completed the 2014 MNLA Membership Survey in January. the information gleaned from the survey will help guide the association in the coming months and years as we chart our course through this critical time. Cassie Larson These results shed more light on what services, projects, MNLA Executive Director and overall goals members desire from us, while the demographic information highlighted who we serve. The survey was spearheaded by the Communications + Technology Committee and distributed via e-mail to all current and past MNLA members. It was also advertised and made available at the 2014 Northern Green Expo. A total of 253 members and prospective members completed the survey. Here are a few high level insights that caught my attention: Member Satisfaction, Benefits and Services
• 95% of respondents were MNLA members; 32% have been members for 15 years or more; and 10% have been members for 2 years or fewer. • Approximately 50% of respondents have served in some sort of volunteer capacity with the organization over the years. This is a tremendous
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testament to the legacy of MNLA volunteer leadership! • Topping the list of member benefits used were discounts on education, events, seminars and the Green Expo (90%). • 62% percent said they were unaware of the changes occurring at MNLA resulting from the latest strategic plan, with many acknowledging this was due to their lack of interest in learning more. • The discounts our members use most frequently are Holiday Stationstores gas discounts (45%), SuperAmerica gas discounts (38%), Zlimen & McGuiness legal services (29%), and the GM Fleet Discount (25%). Industry Trends
• The top three industry trends that respondents identified for the industry over the next 3–5 years were: 1) Finding laborers (53%); 2) Pest issues (42%); and 3) Paying full time vs. seasonal employees (40%).
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➾ from the executive director
National publications and this magazine, The Scoop, both ranked over 60% as the top two sources for information to run their businesses more successfully. In fact, The Scoop was ranked by 65% of respondents as their number one communication vehicle.
Communications
• National publications and this magazine, The Scoop, both ranked over 60% as the top two sources for information to run their businesses more successfully. In fact, The Scoop was ranked by 65% of respondents as their number one communication vehicle. • The way most respondents felt that MNLA could improve communications was to make it more user-driven (i.e. just show me things that are relevant to me). — 42%. • The following is a breakdown of technology: 49% own an iPhone; 36% own an Android phone; 38% own an iPad; and 15.7% either don’t own a mobile device or have only a non-smart phone. • 77% percent of respondents use Facebook to promote their business. Government Relations
• In an open ended question about what government affairs issue MNLA could assist with, taxes and healthcare appeared the most frequently.
resources, marketing, pest/disease issues, and leadership/ management. • The highest ranked preferred learning method was an in-person half day session with a total of 37% of respondents; and 21% most preferred an in-person full day session. This data will be analyzed by the MNLA Board of Directors as well as committees and task teams to help make decisions about how to continue to move the organization forward. Congratulations to the following five individuals who each won $100 in the weekly drawings of survey participants: • Rick Walter Northway Irrigation • Dennis Jenkins Boulder Express • Cindy Matiski Plant Care Specialist LLC • Kirk Brum Creative Lawn and Landscapes Inc. • Dianne Sikkila Cherry Greenhouse
Networking
• Approximately 60% of respondents were aware of MNLA Networking groups. About 32% of respondents had participated in a networking group and 68% found that simply the existence of them is a benefit to their business.
Thanks again to all those who took the time to participate; best wishes for a prosperous spring season!
Education
• In an open ended question asking, “What is the number one educational need for your business or position?” some of the most frequently cited responses included: legal issues, human 12
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cassie larson
can be reached at: cassie@mnla.biz.
➾ emerald ash borer
EAB update Emerald Ash B orer B iological Control in M innesota Jonathan Osthus
Research Scientist at the Minnesota Department of Agriculture
EAB biological control release site at Great River Bluffs State Park. Since 2010,
the Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) has been deploying tiny parasitic wasps in an effort to combat the impact and spread of the emerald ash borer (EAB). Each year since initial releases began, the number of wasps and sites has increased. The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) EAB Parasitoid Rearing Facility in Brighton, MI has been able to increase production and keep pace with demand from an ever growing number of state cooperators. Increased production, alongside research partnerships with the University of Minnesota (U of M), Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and U.S. Forest Service (USFS), has created the unique opportunity at one release site of significant importance in southeast Minnesota. Great River Bluffs State Park, located just south of Winona, is the site of the state’s worst EAB infestation. Discovered in the late summer of 2011 during the statewide EAB trapping survey, a purple panel trap in the southeast corner of the park captured a single adult beetle. This led to follow-up and the discovery of the epicenter of the infestation at the Nodine exit along Interstate 90. Since then, the EAB has been documented in all areas of the state park, with ash tree mortality now apparent in certain portions. MDA, with the guidance from DNR land managers, were clued into a portion of the park dominated by green ash in an open sunny bowl. The area is managed with prescribed fire resulting in stressed ash trees that are attractive to EAB. The optimal conditions allowed MDA to partner with DNR and USDA’s EAB Parasitoid Rearing Facility to “carpet bomb”, or
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saturate the area, with parasitoid wasps. The goal: speed up establishment, dispersal and population growth of the larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi in an effort to keep pace with the rapidly growing EAB population. Over 25,000 T. planipennisi were released at the site during the summer of 2013. In October 2013, MDA had its first parasitoid wasp recovery while sampling infested ash trees. The first clutch of parasitoid wasp (T. planipennisi) larvae was found on October 23 by MDA staff at Great River Bluffs State Park. A second clutch was found by MDA staff on November 1 from the same vicinity of the park. The larvae were brought back to Saint Paul and reared at MDA to adulthood and then shipped to experts with United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA APHIS) for definitive identification. These parasitoid finds are important. They confirm that T. planipennisi, initially released in September 2011, is attacking the EAB and reproducing in the field in Minnesota. Also, we know that the parasitoids are dispersing well. These larvae were found approximately a half mile from the nearest release site. Over 130,000 parasitoid wasps have now been released at 20 sites in the state since September 2010. Implementation of biological control will continue in 2014 and beyond as the EAB continues to spread and infestations become more dispersed. Scouting for new EAB infestations by looking for woodpecker damage and vertical bark splits are key indicators used over the winter
GOPHER STATE ONE CALL This time and every time.
Protect What Matters
Adult Tetrastichus planipennisi (larval parasitoid of EAB) on the bark of an ash tree.
www.gopherstateonecall.org
14010591_4.75x4.75.indd 1
2/25/14 8:16 AM
A clutch of Tetrastichus planipennisi larvae found in an EAB gallery while sampling infested ash trees at Great River Bluffs State Park. months, and the findings are central to planning parasitoid wasp releases. There will also be a continued emphasis on river and other forested corridors where little to no other management activities will occur. In 2014, MDA expects to expand release areas to increase distribution and account for the more dispersed populations of EAB in both southeast Minnesota and the Twin Cities. An interactive map of up-to-date locations of EAB biological control sites and the
known extent of the EAB in Minnesota can be found at http://gis.mda.state.mn.us/ eab/. For in-depth information on the biology and current research underway on the parasitoid wasps, visit http://www. mda.state.mn.us/en/plants/pestmanagement/eab/eabbiocontrol.aspx.
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Sharing Best Management Practices
A Professional Gardening Service Company’s Monthly Management Schedule The idea for sharing this calendar with the MNLA community came from the Professional Gardening Networking Group. The group was discussing how each company plans their work and I offered to share this schedule with the group. Heidi Heiland | Heidi’s Lifestyle Gardens
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➾ best management practices
March Continue to sow seeds (indoors). Remove wintergreen materials and holiday lights. Winter pruning. Tap maple trees. Pond prep. Pot up overwintered Dahlias, Cannas, Elephant Ears, etc. Install ‘Fifth Season’ containers — beautiful stems and twigs to reuse for spring container planting. Start spring cleanup activities.
April
D
o you have similar documents that guide your business? Why not share them with your MNLA Networking Group? When we share our BMPs, we all learn and can improve our own processes. All ships rise with the tide.
Continue spring cleanup activities. Cut back ornamental grasses left up for winter interest. Deer/bunny control — especially emerging bulbs. Spring soil prep — includes adding compost and fertilizers, possibly soil test.
January Identify new trends — Green Expo and other industry conferences. Dormant pruning.
Divide, thin and transplant perennials in need including fall-blooming plants. Lift Hybrid Tea Roses from MN tip method or uncover mounded soils.
Critter control continues.
Early spring pruning — including dormant fruit trees, Arborvitae, Dogwood, Euonymous and winterkill pruning.
Feed wildlife (except deer).
Installation projects begin.
Refresh water in bird bath.
Install early spring containers — Pansies and ornamentals.
Dust snow off wintergreen containers and selected evergreens.
Install or seed frost-tolerant veggies (outdoors).
Deice with natural products.
Begin new garden bed creation.
Winter tree care.
Photograph spring landscape.
Prepare seed order; planting plans and Pansy pot orders.
Pot up bare root perennials.
Design gardens for the next planting season.
Return fish to ponds.
Pre-order plant materials for new gardens.
Identify/repair lawn issues.
Remove wintergreen or holiday light installations, if desired.
Remove tree wrap.
February Perennial Plant Association (PPA) award entry due. Identify winter interest and photograph for future reference.
may Continue spring soil prep. Receive new seasons plants in nursery yard.
Winter pruning.
Install new gardens and general annual planting after fear of frost has passed and soil has warmed to 50 degrees.
Deer/animal control.
Sow seeds (outdoors).
Deicing — sand/salt.
Initiate watering schedule.
Sow seeds (indoors).
Begin monitoring of irrigation systems.
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June
september (cont’d)
Maintenance activities begin: month one — including weeding, cultivating, monitoring water conditions, deploying deer/rabbit control management practices.
Install harvest containers — mum pots and harvest displays.
Begin fertilizing all annual gardens and containers biweekly — using appropriate fertilizers rotated throughout season.
october
Monitor gardenscapes for insect & diseases and take appropriate action
Fall cleanup activities.
Install new gardens.
Initiate the process of putting gardens to bed for the winter — digging rhizomes and tubers to winter-over.
Apply mulch — 1 year mulch to annual beds, sustainable hardwood mulch to landscape.
Photograph fall landscape and displays.
Leave up strategic perennials for winter interest.
Prune Lilacs, Forsythia & evergreens.
Begin stringing holiday lights.
Party preparation and staging, as requested.
Plant garlic.
july
Fall soil prep — soil testing can be performed prior. Bury Hybrid Tea Roses in MN tip method or cover with mounded soils.
Continue maintenance activities: month two — including staking.
Close down ponds.
Install new gardens.
Water periodically until ground freezes & continue to create new garden beds.
Cut flower bouquets from the garden and leave for clients to enjoy. Watering and monitoring water conditions. Photograph summer landscape.
august
Install fall bulbs with bone meal and deer/squirrel control materials. Holiday light installations.
november Put gardens to bed.
Maintenance: month three — including weeding, fertilizing, removing any areas of overzealous perennials, monitoring moisture conditions and deploying deer control management practices.
Fall soil prep activities.
Install new garden beds — planting through mid-October.
Install Wintergreen containers and displays.
Install new hardscape areas.
Install straw/leaf cover when required after ground freezes.
Harvest edibles from the garden and leave for clients to enjoy.
Photograph winter displays.
Prepare beds for fall bulb planting of spring bloomers.
MNLA Award entry due.
Take orders for fall containers & design fall containers.
Continue holiday light installations.
Design spring flowering bulbs displays, then ordering of bulbs.
december
PLANET Award entry due.
Continue straw/leaf cover installations.
MN State Fair begins, staffing the MNLA Display Garden.
Freeze ice lanterns and install before parties and holidays.
september Maintenance activities: month four - watering evergreens deeply and deploying deer control management.
Party prep — holiday party staging. Hang custom wreaths, wrap garlanding. Pre-lit Christmas tree delivery. Photograph holiday light displays.
Divide, thin and transplant perennials in need including spring blooming plants.
Deice with natural products.
Fall soil prep — adding compost.
Dust snow off wintergreen containers and selected evergreens.
Install new beds for next season planting. Install trees, shrubs and perennials.
became MNLA President in January of this year, and is the Chief Experience Officer at Heidi’s Lifestyle Gardens. You can contact her at heidi@bloomonmn.com.
Heidi Heiland
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➾ section title
Employee incentives:
not just how, but why The hiring turnstile. That feeling in your stomach as you leave a jobsite bracing yourself for all the things that might go wrong when you take your eyes off the job. That overwhelming frustration of pouring most of your waking hours and energy into a business that doesn’t deliver anything close to the potential you know exists. Sound familiar? Let’s try to take 2014 in a different direction. Mark Bradley | TBG Landscape
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Y
ears ago, we realized that training was a priority if we were going to keep growing. I had too much on my plate, our jobs had too many mistakes, we burned through too many new hires — yet the solution to these problems kept coming back to the same thing: I needed to train my staff more and better if I was going to make this business bigger than myself. And so we did. We implemented on-the-job training to build new skills in our crews. We sought out and employed the best subcontractors we could find so we could watch and re-create the systems they used for efficient work or craftsmanship. We implemented, and still use today, an online training program for every staff member that comes aboard to cover the basics of safety, construction orientation, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as well as courses that taught the language and culture of problem solving and waste elimination. We saw a difference almost immediately. We quickly grew stronger. I could delegate more. I could take on more work and bigger jobs without the fear I used to have when I left the jobsite. We were getting better, but we were still lacking something. My business was my life. It was how I provided for my family. It’s my future, it may be my children’s future, and I spent most of my waking life thinking about, living and breathing our company. But for my staff, it was not the same. Understandably, for them, this was just a job. Just a way to a paycheck. And all our talk of getting bigger, better, more profitable… it just wasn’t delivering the results I knew it should. The problem though, was obvious. We were teaching our crews how to do their jobs better, but we were failing to show them why to do their jobs better. Proper training will solve problems, but it can’t solve the underlying problem that robs companies of their true potential: motivation. If we were going to build a successful business, stop the hiring turnstile, and improve profits on productivity, then there was no other option. We had to show our staff why all this talk about productivity was important to them, not just to our business.
Over the years, we’ve been developing and refining a multi-tiered approach to employee incentives. Some rewards are financial. Others are not. Combined, they work together to create a culture that rewards high achievers and frustrates (and drives out) poor performers. Going into this season, ask yourself one simple question: If you worked for your company, why would you work harder, faster and better? What’s in it for you?
Many company owners I’ve met spend more time and energy worrying how to stop breaking a $50 shovel than how to motivate their staff. But with only a 10% improvement in productivity, you could afford to buy your crews new shovels every day. You wouldn’t… but you could. I don’t believe there is one right answer to this question, but I will share just some of the tools that help us: • Attract superior talent • Produce industry-leading revenue per man hour • Retain and develop long-term employees Financial motivators Standardize your wages. Get rid of annual reviews and arbitrary
raises and create defined roles in your company. Show the paths to advancement (e.g. Landscape Technician C, $15/hr.; Landscape Technician B, $17/hr.; Landscape Technician A, $18/hr., etc.). Define your expectations for what it takes to move up the ladder: certification, education, field-proven skills, clean driving record, perfect safety record, etc. Show your staff the opportunities within your company and define for them how they can progress towards their goal. Go to salary for better stability. Consider moving key field staff to an annual salary. Seasonal layoffs or reduced income force good staff to look to other trades for more predictable employment april 14
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➾ employee incentives
Landscape Construction Project Manager Estimator
Landscape Maintenance Production Manager
Landscape Construction Production Manager
Landscape Maintenance Supervisor
Landscape Construction Supervisor
Landscape Maintenance Foreperson
Landscape Construction Foreperson
Landscape Maintenance Technician A
Landscape Construction Technician A
program is based more or less on two simple metrics that are easy to measure, and easy for staff to control: sales and field wages. We have a clear sales goal and we have a clear percentage of sales that we can afford in field wages. If crews beat their production (produced revenue) goal without overspending on wages (as a percentage, not a flat number), it’s bonus time. It’s not a perfect system, but it is perfectly simple. At almost any time of the year, I can pull a very accurate sales and field wage spending to date. That’s all we need to know whether we’re tracking to meet, beat, or fall short of our goals. Give them a future. Offer a pension contribution plan. Most banks and major investment houses will help you setup a company pension plan where your employees can contribute pre-tax income directly from their paychecks. Match their contributions up to a maximum that grows each year. Have your investment agent show your staff what it takes to retire a millionaire. It’s not as much as you and your staff might think. You’ll attract/motivate people who see their future tied to our industry and improve your retention rates. Pay for vacations. Pay your vendors with credit cards (but pay your cards promptly!). Collect travel points. Attract new, key staff with a paid vacation benefit, or reward your best performers with a pair of flights anywhere in North America during your down season. Other motivators
Landscape Maintenance Technician B
Landscape Construction Technician B
Landscape Maintenance Crew Member
Landscape Construction Crew Member
ADDITIONAL PAY ESCALATORS: • MNLA Certified Professional • ICPI Paver Certification • NCMA SRW Certification • MDA Licensed Pesticide Applicator • DOLI Power Limited Technician Create a flowchart showing how employees can advance within your company. It inspires your employees along a path toward career growth, and helps you plan to profit from investing in human talent.
compensation. If you’re an upstanding, responsible person trying to build a future and raise a family, you’re going to need job with a predictable, stable income. Talk it over with key staff and agree on a salary based on a conservative estimate of hours worked multiplied by their hourly rate and make up the difference if you’ve overworked or underworked them at the end of the year. Bonuses and incentives. Have a bonus/incentive program linked to company success. Keep it simple. I can’t stress that enough. Our 22
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Share your goals for company growth. Growth and profitability are not just important to you, they are critical to staff who want opportunities to advance in rank and pay. Stagnant companies can’t offer promotions and raises. Employees see nothing but a dead-end, the same job every morning with no hope for anything greater. Use a scoreboard. Put 12 guys out on a pond to play hockey and they’ll have a blast. Put 12 guys in an arena with some fans in the stands and a working scoreboard, and they’re ready to kill each other just so their number can be bigger than the other guys’ number at the end of the game. We use our mobile timekeeping system to show our staff real-time, up-to-the-minute estimated vs. actual hours on every job. When everyone knows “the score,” everyone starts playing to win. It’s simple. Offer training and education. Through on-the-job training, industry training events, and online training, we want to offer our staff opportunities to build their skills. It gives them a chance to move ahead in this industry and in my company. It gives our company the opportunity to promote from within. Key roles are assumed by current staff who already know our systems, know our procedures, and know our expectations, rather than trying to fill these roles with other companies’ castoffs. Do regular company events. BBQs, a company team in a beer hockey or softball league, pro hockey tickets, Christmas parties, a company golf tournament, foreman dinners… Once a quarter, try to host some kind of special event for some/all of your staff to reward and reinforce your direction, your progress, and opportunities available in your company.
Mark Bradley, based in Ontario, is president of TBG Landscape and the Landscape Management Network.
TIME to RENEW your MEMBERSHIP! Renew online by June 8 to be entered in a drawing for 2 Expo registrations and a hotel stay; or watch for your renewal by mail soon.
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➾ Research for the R eal World
Marketing Fresh Flowers Research highlights consumer attitudes about floral products and the value of floral preservatives and consumer education.
Dr. James Calkins
Research Information Director MNLA Foundation
over the past decade studies have indicated that the demand for fresh cut flowers, and sales and profits generated by floral products, have been decreasing and that this decrease is especially significant for younger consumers; specifically Generations X and Y which are variously described as being born between 1961 and 1985 (29–53 years old) and 1980 and 2004 (10–34 years old), respectively. For various reasons, these younger consumers are generally much less likely to purchase cut flowers and other floral products compared to the Baby Boomers who were born between 1946 and 1965 (49–68 years old). A number of reasons have been suggested as being responsible for these declines including increased competition, perceptions about product quality, desirability, and price, and a variety of other factors. In addition to age, many factors have been shown to influence the likelihood that consumers will purchase flowers for themselves or as gifts for others. Two recent studies are of interest relative to consumer attitudes about floral products and how these products might be marketed to younger consumers to increase sales and profits. One study (Rihn et al, 2011) investigated the attitudes of residents of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, and Lansing and East Lansing, Michigan, regarding the suitability of flowers as gifts and their perceptions of the four Ps of marketing — price, product, promotion, and placement. Participants were recruited for the study through advertisements in local newspapers and on Craigslist (a popular classified advertisement website). For the purposes of the study the participants must have purchased gifts in the past year and been 18 to 50 years old. Participants aged 18 to 32 years were classified as Generation X and those aged 33 to 50 years were classified as Generation Y. Individuals under the age of 18 were excluded from the
study because they are minors and are typically dependent on their parents for financial support. People over 50 were excluded because earlier research has already documented the propensity of this age group to purchase floral products. The second study (Jenkins et al, 2013) investigated whether knowledge about floral preservatives influenced consumer perceptions of the quality and price of a floral arrangement and the likelihood that they would purchase the floral arrangement. Study participants were presented with a floral arrangement associated with four levels of information about the use and effectiveness of floral preservatives: 1) a floral arrangement without preservative, 2) the same floral arrangement with a small, unlabeled packet of preservative, 3) the same floral arrangement with a large, clearly labeled packet of preservatives, and 4) the same presentation as #3 along with information about the science behind floral preservatives and their ability to extend vase life of cut flowers including three functions of a floral preservative (minimize the growth of bacteria that can reduce water uptake and cause smelly water, provide the food for the flowers, and improve water uptake and prevent wilting) and a message that using floral preservatives can extend the vase life of flowers so they can be enjoyed longer. The study was performed in Manhattan, Kansas. Both studies used survey instruments to gather data about consumer attitudes and preferences. Floral preservatives are formulated to maintain the quality and improve the longevity of cut flowers by providing a food source, promoting water uptake, and reducing bacterial growth in the water supply. A fair amount of research has investigated the effectiveness of floral preservatives and influenced their composition. The primary ingredients used in floral preservatives, alone or in combination, include carbohydrates (sugars; april 14
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➾ research for the real world
“my friends do not like to receive flowers as gifts compared with other products,” and “there are many other choices of gifts that are more appropriate than flowers.” • Younger consumers (Generation Y) had a lower exposure to advertising related to floral products, tended to believe purchasing floral gifts was difficult, and were less aware and less interested in floral products. • In general, the Generation X population appears to have a positive attitude toward flowers as gifts while the younger Generation Y population tends to have a more negative perspective.
Figure 1. Research focused on understanding consumer perceptions and knowledge about floral products can provide the floral industry with valuable information about their potential customers and lead to improved marketing strategies and increased sales of fresh flowers like these on display in a Twin Cities grocery store setting. (Photo Credit: Jim Calkins)
typically sucrose), hydrators (acidifying agents; typically organic acids like citric acid), and anti-microbial compounds. Antimicrobial agents help maintain the quality of floral arrangements in several ways. They help keep the water clear by reducing the growth of microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, and fungi). The growth of microorganisms is enhanced by the sugars included in floral preservatives so these compounds also help counteract this effect. Microorganisms in the vase water also block the xylem, reduce water uptake, and hasten wilting and the anti-microbial compounds help reduce these effects. Finally, microorganisms produce ethylene, a plant growth regulator that stimulates senescence and can reduce the longevity of cut flowers, and antimicrobials can reduce ethylene production and its negative effects. Acidifying agents help promote water uptake and maintain hydration. Although the effectiveness of floral preservatives can be influenced by a variety of factors including how the flowers are handled postharvest and the specific formulation of the preservative, floral preservations have generally been shown to be effective in increasing the vase life of cut flowers and flower arrangements. Findings of these two studies indicate: • Younger consumers tend to be dissatisfied with floral products based on perceptions that floral products are short lived, lack trendiness, expensive, inappropriate, and not unique; they also tend to think their friends don’t appreciate floral gifts. • Regardless of age, study participants tended to agree with the statements “fresh flowers are good gifts for cheering someone up,” “flowers remind me of a special memory,” “flowers are the best way to put a smile on someone’s face,” “flowers are a way to convey a number of messages in a unique way,” “I enjoy receiving flowers,” “flowers are safer gifts than others,” and “it is hard to go wrong with flowers as gifts,” but Generation X participants tended to have a higher level of agreement with these statements than Generation Y participants. • Generation Y participants were more likely to agree with the statements “flowers are a perishable luxury,” “I am reluctant to spend money on something that will only last a few days,” 26
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• Of the non-calendar occasions offered as choices (thank you, congratulations, get well, host/hostess, and birthday), study participants indicated they were likely to spend the most for birthday gifts in general and for floral products purchased as birthday gifts. • Members of Generation Y appear to be less inclined to spend money on floral gifts and indicated they prefer more practical, long-lasting gifts and are less likely to spend money on perishable, luxury items. • Study participants felt in-store sales and discounts, increased longevity of floral arrangements, more price options, and trendier arrangements and flowers would increase the likelihood that they would purchase fresh flowers. • Interestingly, based on focus group discussions, Generation X participants indicated a preference for blooming plants over cut flowers related to longevity while Generation Y participants were biased against blooming plants based on a perceived increase in responsibility and preferred cut flower over blooming plants. • The theory that a gift reflects the personality of the gift giver may also play a role in consumer gift choices including the purchase of floral gifts; for example, using wine as the alternative, Generation Y participants felt wine reflected their personalities better than floral gifts while Generation X participants believed the opposite. • As consumers become more aware of the potential benefits of floral preservatives and understand how and why they are effective, they place a higher value on floral arrangements accompanied by floral preservatives; as a result they are willing to pay more for flowers sold with preservatives and are likely to purchase flowers more often. The authors of the “fresh flowers as gifts” study believe Generation Y is an untapped marketing opportunity and that targeted marketing that includes an educational component can overcome some of the negative attitudes this group has about floral products and increase sales. They suggest marketing activities designed to improve the image of floral gifts that include the message that fresh flowers are a peer-safe, trendy, and appropriate gift for all may benefit the floral industry. Other actions like trendy packaging may also increase sales. More targeted advertising based on age is also likely to increase interest and sales of floral products including a focus
on social media for younger, Generation Y consumers. Finally, supplying floral preservatives was also suggested as a way to combat the perception that floral gifts are too ephemeral and thereby increase sales. Citing evidence that use of floral preservatives effectively extends the vase life of cut flowers and the observation that the use of floral preservatives is highly variable, the authors of the “floral preservative” study encourage florists to use floral preservatives throughout the postharvest period. They also believe florists should educate their customers about the effectiveness of floral preservatives and market their use of floral preservatives to provide a better product to increase sales. The findings of these studies clearly have the potential to benefit the floricultural segment of the nursery and landscape industry. Additional findings and the results of other studies related to the quality of floral products and consumer preferences for floral products can be found by reading the studies. Understanding the needs and perceptions of consumers relative to the products and services offered by the nursery and landscape industry can enable better marketing techniques that result in increased sales and profitability. Research that investigates these factors and improved methods of marketing green industry products and services can help individual firms and the industry as a whole achieve these goals.
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Citations: Jenkins, M.M., K.A. Williams, and L.A. Brannon. 2013. Increased Knowledge about Floral Preservatives Influences Consumers’ Perception of the Quality and Value of a Floral Arrangement Purchase. HortTechnology 23(2):142-148. http://horttech.ashspublications. org/content/23/2/142.abstract (abstract only)
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Rihn A.L., C. Yue, B. Behe, and C. Hall. 2011. Generations X and Y Attitudes toward Fresh Cut Flowers as Gifts: Implications for the Floral Industry. HortScience 46(5):736-743. http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/46/5/736.full.pdf+html To comment on this research update,
suggest research topics of interest, or pass along a piece of research-based information that might be of interest to your industry colleagues, please email us at Research@MNLA.biz.
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Highlights from EXPO 2014’s
New Plant Forum Part III: The New Plant Forum is an educational session developed for the Northern Green Expo to highlight and bring attention to new plant cultivars for landscapes and gardens in the Upper Midwest. The person who presented the plant is listed just prior to the plant name. Some presented multiple plants. *Please note: plants protected by a plant patent or trademark may not be propagated without a license from the originator/introducer.
Dave Van der Sman // Gardenworld, Inc. Astilbe ‘Verslilac’ PP19,847 Younique Lilac™ astilbe Origin: bred by Dutch hybridizer Jan Verschoor USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 3–8 Height and Spread: 12–16" × 16–20" Availability: Gardenworld Propagation method: division The Younique™ series is a new group of hybrid astilbes that are very compact and floriferous. There are three other colors in the series. These shorter hybrids produce more flowers than foliage. They are excellent for the woodland or shade garden.
Brunnera macrophylla ‘Sea Heart’ PPAF Sea Heart heartleaf alkanet (forget-me-not, Siberian bugloss) Brunnera macrophylla ‘Silver Heart’ PPAF Silver Heart heartleaf alkanet (forget-me-not, Siberian bugloss) Origin: bred in The Netherlands and introduced by AB Cultivars USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4–8a Height and Spread: 6–12" tall × 12–24" wide (same size on both) Availability: Gardenworld Propagation method: tissue culture Brunneras are a beautiful shade plant, preferring moist soils. They have large, heart-shaped leaves and attractive blue forget-me-not type flowers. ‘Sea Heart’ is an improved ‘Jack Frost,’ ‘Silver Heart’ is similar to ‘Looking Glass.’
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➾ new plant forum
Chelone ‘Tiny Tortuga’ PPAF Tiny Tortuga turtlehead Origin: bred in the Netherlands and introduced by Concept Plants USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 3–8 Height and Spread: 14–16" × 12–14" Availability: Gardenworld Propagation method: vegetative A wonderful mid to late summer bloomer with pink flowers atop dark green foliage. ‘ Tiny Tortuga’ is more compact than other Chelone varieties and is very pest resistant.
Mary Beth Eckhart // Midwest Groundcovers Clematis ‘Sweet Summer Love’ PPAF Sweet Summer Love clematis Origin: bred by Szczepan Marczyski of Poland USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4 Height and Spread: 20–25' × 3–4' Availability: commercially available by all propagators and distributors of Proven Winners ColorChoice® shrubs Propagation method: softwood cuttings Flowering from July through October, this highly floriferous clematis blooms with multicolored cranberry-violet flowers that have a beautiful fragrance. Can produce over 2000 flowers in one growing season! Somewhat deer tolerant. Will benefit from a hard pruning in early spring when new buds begin to show — remove all dead material above those buds.
Hydrangea paniculata ‘ILVOBO’ PP22,782 Bobo® panicle hydrangea Origin: bred by Dr. Johan Van Huylenbroeck at the Flemish IVLO breeding station USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 3–8 Height and Spread: 30–36"× 36–48" Availability: commercially available by all propagators and distributors of Proven Winners ColorChoice® shrubs Propagation method: softwood cuttings A dwarf, highly floriferous panicle hydrangea. Blooms abundantly on new wood with white flowers will age to a light pink blush in fall. Blooms July through September.
Spiraea betulifolia ‘Tor Gold’ PPAF Glow Girl™ spirea Origin: developed by Ton Stolwijk of The Netherlands. USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4–8 Height and Spread: 3–4' × 3–4' Availability: commercially available by all propagators and distributors of Proven Winners ColorChoice® shrubs Propagation method: softwood cuttings Bright, lemon-lime Spiraea betulifolia foliage. Nice flower show: the red flower buds open to clusters of white flowers in June. Great fall color tones of rich burgundy. Somewhat deer tolerant.
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Marc McCormack // Bailey Nurseries, Inc. Rubus ‘NR7' PP22,141 BrazelBerries® Raspberry Shortcake™ raspberry Origin: Fall Creek Farm and Nursery, Lowell, Oregon USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 5–9 (trial in 4) Height and Spread: 2–3' × 2–3' Availability: Bailey Nurseries, Inc. and other BrazelBerries® licensed network growers Propagation method: tissue culture This revolutionary, thornless raspberry has an endearing dwarf, compact growth habit that thrives in patio pots or the landscape. Whether you have an urban balcony or a country estate, you can savor the experience of fresh raspberries from your plants. No trellising or staking necessary like the raspberries you’ve seen before, and the compact shape means no big garden spaces are required. This raspberry produces full-size, nutritious and super sweet raspberries in mid summer.
Berberis thunbergii ‘BailJulia’ PPAF First Editions® Toscana™ barberry Origin: bred by Don Selinger at Bailey Nurseries, Newport, MN USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4–7 Height and Spread: 4–5' × 3–4' Availability: Bailey Nurseries, Inc. Propagation method: softwood cuttings The large showy foliage emerges red in spring with a fine bright yellow margin. The margin eventually fades through summer but the foliage remains red. The red color darkens in autumn, taking on burgundy tones. Forms an upright shrub, with arching branches.
Clematis ‘Eviop011(N)’ PP16,072 Empress™ Clematis Origin: bred by Raymond Evison, in Guernsey, Great Britain USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4–9 Height and Spread: 6' Availability: Bailey Nurseries, Inc. Propagation method: softwood cuttings Pink outer sepals create a frilly pompom-like bloom that sits on top of recurved pink petals with dark pink center bars. A compact, free-flowering plant that displays well in containers. Part of the Raymond Evison Collection of clematis.
Carolyn Jones // BFG SUPPLY CO. Lophospermum ‘Compact Rose’ Lofos® Compact Rose lophospermum Origin: Suntory USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: annual Height and Spread: trailer that grows up to 2' in length Availability: Malmborgs, Mast, Plantpeddler, Botany Lane, Raker Propagation method: cuttings Not only is this new variety more compact than past Lophospermum varieties, it also blooms higher on the plant, so the bloom comes earlier for better retail sales.
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➾ new plant forum
Petunia ‘Heavenly Blue’ Surfinia® Heavenly Blue petunia Origin: Suntory USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: annual Height and Spread: 5–7" × 8' spread or 4' trailing/hanging Availability: Raker, Plantpeddler, Botany Lane, Meadowview Growers Propagation method: cuttings This new petunia was a big hit at Spring Trials and the Ohio Short course. It has great flower power, a beautiful blue color and the petals are “wavy”. Great for hanging baskets and mixed containers.
Gerbera jamesonii Cartwheel® Strawberry Twist gerbera Origin: Syngenta Flowers, Inc. USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: annual Height and Spread: 16–18" × 12–16" Availability: Wagners, Mast, Gro n Sell, Plug Connection Propagation method: seed This is a drop-dead gorgeous gerbera, especially when you see the rose/cream bicolor semi double flowers. The flowers are larger than Festivals or Jaguars.
Jayne Roberts // Roberts Horticultural Sales and Service Heuchera ‘Pink Pearls’ Pink Pearls coral bells Origin: bred by Thierry Delabroye of France USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4–8' Height and Spread: 20" × 12–15" Availability: order liners through Jayne Roberts Propagation method: tissue culture A new coral bells with wow factor! Incredible amounts of pink flowers on top of foliage whose color shows tones of orange, peach and mauve-pink.
Nepeta ‘Early Bird’ Early Bird catmint Origin: North Creek Nurseries USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 3–8 Height and Spread: 10–12" × 12" Availability: North Creek Nurseries Propagation method: softwood cuttings The earliest blooming Nepeta ever! Flowers start in spring and last up to six weeks! Clean aromatic foliage and a compact habit make it an excellent groundcover.
Festuca ‘Casca11’ PP23307 Beyond Blue blue fescue Origin: Concept Plant of The Netherlands USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4 Height and Spread: 9–12" × 18" Availability: Skagit Gardens Propagation method: vegetative Intense, powder blue foliage. Color stays bright throughout the season without browning. Evergreen.
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➾ new plant forum
Helenium ‘Short ‘n’ Sassy’ PPAF Short ‘n’ Sassy sneezeweed Origin: USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4 Height and Spread: 12–18" × 24" Availability: Skagit Gardens Propagation method: vegetative Bright orange and gold flowers with a chocolate brown cone. This perennial offers a cheery color on an up-right and compact plant. A shorter version of the stately Helenium, Short ‘n’ Sassy blooms earlier and longer. Continues to produce flowering stems from the crown through the summer and well into fall.
Debbie Lonnee // Bailey Nurseries, Inc. Magnolia stellata ‘Centennial Blush’ PP22,248 First Editions® Centennial Blush™ star magnolia Origin: bred by Dr. Michael Dirr at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4–9 Height and Spread: 12–18' × 10–15' Availability: Bailey Nurseries, Inc. Propagation method: cuttings Pink buds open to incredibly full and delightfully fragrant pale pink flowers in spring, which ultimately fade to white. Blooming well before the leaf buds open, it is one of the first plants to bloom after a long northern winter. Attractive medium green foliage through the summer, turning yellow in autumn. Can be grown as a multi-stemmed shrub or single stem tree.
Hydrangea paniculata ‘Rensun’ PPAF First Editions® Strawberry Sundae™ panicle hydrangea Origin: bred by Mr. Jean Renault, Pepinieres Renault, France USDA Cold Hardiness Zones: 4–8 (trial in zone 3) Height and Spread: 4–5' × 3–4' Availability: Bailey Nurseries, Inc. Propagation method: softwood cuttings From the same breeder of Vanilla Strawberry®, just think of this as a more compact version of that same plant. Flowers emerge creamy white in July and as the evening temperatures cool in late summer, it starts to take on tones of pink and ultimately strawberry red, lasting well into autumn. The flowers are proportionate to the size of the plant, at 4–5' it works well in small space gardens and foundation plantings.
DID YOU KNOW? MNLA has catalogs to help you introduce your customers to plants that would work well for their home! Visit MNLA.biz or call Jessica at 651-633-4987 to order now!
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âžž C OV E R STORY
more on the mu
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Dr. James Calkins | MNLA Foundation Research Information Director
lch debate
A suggestion that mulch not be applied to newly planted trees stimulates healthy discussion among green industry professionals.
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➾ C OV E R STORY
A
research paper entitled “Impact of Mulch on Water Loss from a Container Substrate and Native Soil” published in the journal Arboriculture & Urban Forestry last year (2012) has gotten the attention of nursery and landscape professionals. It was certainly interesting to me which is why I chose to highlight the study and its findings in a Research for the Real World article posted a year ago — Does Mulch Really Prevent Water Loss? (January 2013). Of the many research updates that have been published over the past couple of years, this one has elicited the biggest response. People have strong opinions and the study’s findings have stimulated a healthy discussion about mulch and mulching practices by nursery and landscape professionals. This is great! Highlighting the importance of nursery and landscape research, sharing research findings, and stimulating thought and discussion are important goals of this effort and will hopefully benefit Minnesota’s green industry. Once again, the study in question was designed to measure evaporative water loss from simulated root balls in the presence and absence of mulch. No plants were used in the study so only evaporative losses directly from the growing medium (artificial medium and field soil) were measured and compared. Evapotranspiration — the combined evaporative (moisture loss directly from the growing medium) and transpirational (moisture loss from the growing medium mediated by plants) moisture loss — was not accounted for in the study. Water loss from the root zone was found to be minimal (0.5 to 1.0 liters/day) and evaporation accounted for only 4% of the water lost. Based on the findings of other research where trees were present, it was assumed that the remaining 96% of the soil moisture that was lost was the result of transpiration (estimated at 28 liters/day for red maple); in other words, mulch provides little benefit in reducing water loss from the root zone of newly planted trees. In short, the published results of the study indicated the effects of mulch on the evaporative loss of water from the root zone of newly planted trees was minimal compared to the water extracted from the soil by transpiring trees. This finding supported the researcher’s hypothesis that mulch has a negligible effect on evaporation from the root balls of newly planted trees and, based on this finding and concerns about mulch applied too close to the trunks of trees, the study’s authors suggested landscape managers might want to consider changing mulching practices for newly planted trees. Specifically, the abstract states “Given the minor reduction in evaporation, and reported disadvantages of mulch application close to the trunk, landscape managers might consider changing mulch application practices for newly planted trees.” Though never stated directly by the authors of the study as a recommendation, the implication was that it would be better if the root balls of newly planted landscape trees were maintained in a bare, mulch-free condition. Not surprisingly there has been considerable push-back in response to this recommendation. Although some of the documented benefits of mulch were discussed briefly in the paper’s introduction, the effects of mulch on 40
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Figures 1 & 2. Mulch Properly — Research supports the idea that the benefits of mulching outweigh the potential drawbacks so long as mulches are applied properly; the depth of mulches should depend on the conditions of the site and the type of mulch used and should generally be in the range of 1–3 inches; mulch should also be kept away from plant stems; there is no excuse for the type of mulching seen here and the fact that it was done by a professional firm makes it even more egregious. (Photo Credit: Jim Calkins)
So where does this leave us relative to a recommendation about mulching landscape plants? Even though it is generally accepted that mulching is beneficial, most of the concerns that have been raised relative to the use of landscape mulches are generally valid and should be taken seriously. soils and plants is a complicated issue and research findings are mixed. And although there are inconsistencies, a review of the literature reveals a preponderance of evidence supporting the benefits of mulch in horticultural systems. It would have been helpful if the authors of the study in question had addressed this body of research in more detail and more comprehensively in the analysis of their research findings. Although the effects of transpiration on soil moisture are clearly significant and cannot be discounted, there are many studies that have documented noteworthy reductions in evaporative moisture loss from mulched soils compared to bare soils so caution would be advised when deciding whether to mulch or not based on the results of one study. In addition, based on the description of their construction, it is possible the design of the lysimeters used to simulate planted root balls may not have been a fair representation of actual root balls planted in the landscape. Whether this was true or not cannot be determined without additional information. Regardless, the system used was very artificial and may not represent actual conditions under landscape conditions. As mentioned previously, a significant body of research related to mulches and their effects on plants, soil systems, and native and landscape ecosystems has been developed over the years and ongoing research continues to expand our knowledge. Some of the potential benefits of mulch include: • Mulches moderate soil temperatures; in general, cooler in summer and warmer in winter; mulched soils freeze slower in the fall, remain frozen longer in the spring, and experience reduced freeze/thaw cycles • Organic mulches absorb water and reduce runoff and erosion; mulches can be especially effective and beneficial in reducing erosion on sloped sites. • Mulches protect the soil surface from the impact of rain droplets, reduce surface sealing and crusting, and increase water infiltration. • Organic mulches help improve soil structure and, depending on soil texture, variously improve soil aeration, drainage, and water and nutrient holding capacity. • Mulches stabilize the soil surface and reduce erosion caused by wind and water. • Organic mulches add organic matter and nutrients to the soil as they degrade; improved soil fertility can reduce the need for supplemental fertilizer and improve plant nutrition. • Mulches can reduce evaporation from soils and help improve and maintain soil moisture reserves; conservation of soil moisture can reduce the need for supplemental irrigation.
• Mulches can reduce weed competition for water and nutrients and reduce herbicide inputs and labor requirements related to weed management. • Organic mulches benefit soil micro-organisms and macro-invertebrates their role in healthy soil ecosystems. • Mulches can improve aesthetics and provide a unifying effect in designed landscapes. • Mulches can provide opportunities to reuse and recycle organic and inorganic materials. • Mulches can reduce soil splashing which can help keep plants and structures cleaner and can reduce the likelihood of infection by soil-borne diseases. • Mulches can benefit human and vehicular access by providing a uniform, stable surface that is less likely to be muddy following precipitation or irrigation events; mulches can also help prevent soil compaction through partial mitigation of traffic-related compaction forces. • Mulches can improve the establishment, survival, growth, and performance of landscape plants. • Mulch rings help prevent damage to trees and other landscape plants from lawn mowers and string trimmers. Research has also raised questions related to the use of mulch and a number of potential concerns associated with the use of landscape mulches have been raised. Examples include: • Mulches applied too deeply or in contact with plant stems can be detrimental and mulching poorly drained soils can aggravate an already detrimental situation. • Some mulches can float and move during storm events; movement of organic mulches into storm drains and surface waters can be a source of phosphorus loading which can have negative effects on water quality. • Absorption of water by mulches, especially when applied too deeply, can reduce the amount of water that reaches the soil and is available to plant roots. • Organic mulches can promote the growth of a variety of mushrooms (fruiting bodies of fungi) and slime molds which can bother some homeowners; while some mushrooms can be toxic and might be a concern when children are present, these organisms are generally not harmful to plants. • Mulches can attract voles and harbor slugs and other pests that may damage plants. • Mulches are generally ineffective in controlling existing, perennial weeds. april 14
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➾ C OV E R STORY
Figure 3. Nature Mulches — Here dwarf bush honeysuckle (Diervilla lonicera) is nestled in a fresh mulch of fallen leaves added to an existing layer of organic material from previous years; this is the norm in natural systems. (Photo Credit: Jim Calkins)
• Mulches can sometimes contain toxic materials and harbor diseases; mulches can also be a source of weed seeds including seeds of invasive species. • Some mulches can become matted and can repel water and reduce water infiltration. • Plant roots can grow into the mulch which may increase susceptibility to drought and has been mentioned as a concern relative to the formation of stem girdling roots. As is almost always the case with scientific pursuits, research findings are rarely absolute and a comparative analysis of the body of research is needed in an attempt to draw meaningful conclusions. The research related to landscape mulches is no exception and, as new research findings are continually added to the mix, what is believed to be true today, may be proven false tomorrow. So where does this leave us relative to a recommendation about mulching landscape plants? Even though it is generally accepted that mulching is beneficial, most of the concerns that have been raised relative to the use of landscape mulches are generally valid and should be taken seriously. Even so, none of the concerns, alone or in combination, seem to outweigh the potential benefits of mulching and are sufficient to support a recommendation not to mulch landscape plants. Bare soils are prone to erosion and eroded sediment and attached phosphorus can damage surface waters; bare soil should be a rare occurrence in managed landscapes and mulching is one of the best ways to achieve this goal. In addition, most of the concerns can also be addressed by mulching properly. Mulches should be chosen carefully based on the circumstances involved, shouldn’t be applied too deeply, and should be kept away from plant stems. The interception of rainfall and irrigation water by mulch can be mitigated by using low-density mulches that tend not to absorb excessive amounts of water. It should also be noted that absorption of rainfall that reduces runoff during storm events can reduce flooding and benefit water quality. With the exception of living mulches, it is likely that concerns about voles and other pests associated with mulched situations are fairly minor and methods for controlling these pests are available. Lastly, research supporting the idea that roots growing into surface mulches is detrimental to plant performance and may be related to girdling roots is lacking and seems at odds with most natural systems where mulch in the form of a duff layer is the norm. Each situation is unique and an almost endless variety of materials are available for use as mulch, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. It is, therefore, important that all of the potential benefits and drawbacks of any mulch be considered when choosing and applying landscape mulches. 42
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Research continues to refine our understanding of mulches and how they are best used and nursery and landscape professionals should keep up with current research in order to make informed decisions about landscape mulches and their application. A review paper written by Linda Chalker-Scott and published in the Journal of Environmental Horticulture does an especially good job of summarizing the benefits and concerns associated with the use of landscape mulches and is included in the reference list. Those interested in learning more about the benefits and drawbacks of mulches are encouraged to read this informative publication. Finally, from a practical, real-world perspective, it is important to note that Mother Nature mulches. And while the phrase “Mother Nature knows best” may be a bit teleological (the idea that nature is knowingly purposeful and has a plan), and is perhaps questionable in the scientific realm, Mother Nature does indeed mulch and thereby provides an example for the rest of us. Personally, I believe the benefits of mulching far outweigh the potential drawbacks and most of the drawbacks can be avoided or at least minimized sufficiently by applying mulches and maintaining landscape plants properly. For additional information about research related to mulches and mulching, see the following selected references: Gilman, E.F., R.C. Beeson, and D. Meador. 2012. Impact of Mulch on Water Loss from a Container Substrate and Native Soil. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38(1):18-23. (the study originally highlighted in the January 2013 Research for the Real World article) Chalker Scott, L. 2007. Impacts of Mulches on Landscape Plants and the Environment – A Review. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25(4):239-249. (an excellent and comprehensive review of research related to mulches) Scharenbroch, B. 2009. A Meta-Analysis of Studies Published in Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Relating to Organic Materials and Impacts on Soil, Tree, and Environmental Properties. Arboriculture & Urban forestry 35(5):221-231. Calkins, J.B. 2013. Does Mulch Really Prevent Water Loss? Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association, Research for the Real World.
To comment on this month’s research update, suggest research topics of interest, or pass along a piece of research-based information that might be of interest to your industry colleagues, please email us at Research@MNLA.biz.
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➾ MDA
gypsy moth MDA’ s Annual G ypsy M oth D etection T rapping S urvey Natasha Nelson
MDA Gypsy Moth Trapping Coordinator
The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) is one of North America’s most destructive tree pests. This invasive insect will feed on 300+ species of trees and shrubs. In eastern states with significant infestations, gypsy moth caterpillars have defoliated entire forests and caused millions of dollars of damage to urban landscapes. Minnesota participates in a multi-state effort to prevent and delay this harmful pest from becoming established here.
The Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) has been the lead agency undertaking the annual gypsy moth detection trapping survey since 1973. High-risk regulatory sites annually receive two or more gypsy moth detection traps, which are set in addition to traps set on the standard trapping grid that blankets the entire eastern side of Minnesota. Wholesale nursery dealers and nursery growers that report stock sources from gypsy moth quarantined areas or have a history of pest problems are considered high-risk for bringing gypsy moth into the state. Mills, campgrounds, and other sites associated with the movement or sale of logs, firewood or outdoor items from infested areas for tourism/recreation are also deemed high-risk. The western part of the state is only trapped on a rotating basis since the generally infested area is to the east and it is less likely to find moths to the west. Gypsy moth trapping at your nursery can be thought of as a safety net and as being proactive. Eradication depends on early detection — trapping allows us to find infestations early on so that if something does make it through to your nursery it can be taken care of right away. This also prevents the further spread of gypsy moth through dispersal of infested nursery stock.
2013 Trapping Results MDA set 13,903 traps in 2013 yielding 71,258 gypsy moths, the most moths ever trapped in a single year in Minnesota. Cooperators set an additional 646 traps yielding an additional four moths, three of which were west of MDA’s trapping area. MDA staff set 381 traps at 68 nursery sites in 2013, yielding 24 positive traps and a total of 139 moths recovered from nine different nursery sites. The majority of these moths were trapped in the “Slow the Spread” (STS) area
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in the northeastern corner of the state where gypsy moth is becoming more prevalent. Gypsy moths trapped in Minnesota increased by 582% since 2012 (see chart). Moths found in St. Louis, Lake, and Cook counties accounted for 99% of the 2013 statewide trap counts (Lake County alone accounted for 84%). 2014 Trapping, Treatment and Quarantine Plans MDA’s proposed 2014 treatment blocks, trapping area and grid densities are shown on the map below. Treatments have been proposed for areas with the highest trap counts in the STS area of St. Louis County. The annual survey will continue to focus on the eastern half of the state, including the STS area. It is projected that ~14,000 traps will be set in 2014. High-risk sites will once again receive traps to help play a key role in slowing the spread of gypsy moth into Minnesota. The MDA is also proposing a gypsy moth quarantine for Lake and Cook counties to help slow the movement of the insect across the state. High moth numbers and evidence of a reproducing population led the department to make the proposal. For more information on the planned quarantine, go to www.mda.state.mn.us/ gmquarantine.
Regulatory Tips for the Nursery Industry Know the locations of a gypsy moth quarantined areas. The proposed gypsy moth quarantine for Minnesota’s Lake and Cook counties will likely be implemented as early as April 30, 2014.
List all out-state stock sources on your MDA nursery certificate application form. Verify that all stock received from a quarantined area arrives with proper certification.
Contact MDA immediately if you find any gypsy moth life stages. Compliance agreements are available to businesses that regularly import nursery stock into Minnesota from quarantined areas. These agreements stipulate handling practices that minimize the risk of introducing gypsy moth and other invasive species.
Isolate stock received from a quarantined area from other stock on your premises. Train your staff to recognize all gypsy moth life stages. Inspect all stock you receive to verify that it is free of gypsy moth. Consider conducting precautionary treatments of high-risk stock from April–June.
about gypsy moth, visit MDA’s website: www.mda.state.mn.us/gypsymoth.
To find out more information
“Arrest the Pest” (report
suspect gypsy moth finds): gypsy.moth@ state.mn.us or 1-888-545-6684
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Smarty Parties
Educational Events To Help You Brand Yourself Better “Your premium brand had better be delivering something special, or it’s not going to get the business.” – Warren Buffett Jonathan Matteson | Garden Marketing
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A
great marketer is similar to a sculptor: they both work directly and indirectly to impart immaterial ideas and feelings to an audience through materials that affect the senses. Efficiently and effectively brand the hearts and heads of your current and future customers by modeling perceptions through utilizing a mix of new and traditional media advertising tools of different sizes, frequencies and channels (especially those impressions that maintain a similar identity). Remember to evaluate every campaign by the traffic, ticket and talk it generates. These factors are the key indicators of engagement. The current challenge I have made to my clients is for them to get “4 More In ’14”; wherein they successfully identify and inspire the top 20% of customers (that account for 80% of their business) to do four more projects with them this year. A goal for incremental growth like this is the kind of achievement that any savvy sales or marketing professional strives to accomplish. As you consider the following marketing suggestions keep the above foundational concepts in mind. There are three obvious consumer event opportunities that, in more than 15 years of working with nurseries, garden centers, landscapers and growers, I think are very underutilized: Earth Day, Arbor Day, and one’s own local business’ anniversary. Now, more than ever before, these community-oriented celebrations have great potential for highlighting your store’s story, staff (relational marketing) and product selection to today’s target customer… ladies who tend to shop at value-added department stores, like Target. If handled with care, these “Smarty Parties” will end up being positive and memorable experiences for both you and your customers because of the intimate and immersive “you can’t get that online” atmosphere they create. On Earth Day (Tuesday, April 22nd) throw a “garden party” for your customers and help them collectively explore more sustainable options that, when chosen, reduce their environmental impact and guilt. Help your customers understand the physical, chemical and
biological aspects of their local soil since soil is the key carbon filter and support for vigorous plant life, fresh water and clean air. In preparation for this event, check to see if it is clear to your customers (on billboards such as your website) that you offer sustainable services such as recycling containers. The recent trend in edible gardening sprung from the success of farmer’s markets and cooking shows. Consider offering “Grow Your Own Food” classes to your customers. I recommend that you offer a fruit tree seminar and/or tasting on Arbor Day (National Arbor Day is on Friday, April 25th). In the retailing of fruit trees and containers, the gift card and certificate sales is the easiest thing to quickly do, but don’t forget the power of the punch/stamp cards to induce and reward frequent purchases for smaller ticket items. As for celebrating your store’s anniversary, I’ve noticed that more and more IGC’s are hosting Ladies Nights, Wine/Cheese/Tomato Tastings, Celebrity Cook-offs and Container Planting Days, which I think are all great ideas. Remember that older folks typically don’t RSVP until later because they are not sure how they are going to feel until shortly before the event. However, I might suggest that your staff choose another local business or area in town to “adopt,” so your goodwill in the community can be seen by customers throughout the year. Because some of these educational events occur during the busy time of year, it is important to plan ahead by creating a marketing calendar to schedule your social media posts, tweets, and other marketing and advertising duties. Make sure you send out regular updates with pictures. I highly suggest that you start by forming a consistent identity for your campaign(s) to be used in radio, print and online. And always get three quotes and see three drafts before moving ahead with any design. Here are a few last tips: • Ask your vendors to get involved in providing you with advertising funds to help monetize the “free” events and services to your customers. april 14
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➾ smarty parties
• Consider hiring a visual merchandising expert to teach your team how to implement an event theme and build some outstanding vignette displays. • Schedule a presentation by a 3rd party expert and create a package kit deal with them to offer to attendees that you can order supplies for in advance. • Visit www.pinterest.com/gardenmarketing to see more ideas relating to events, signage, and other marketing ideas. By using a mix of digital and analog brand impressions to promote more “Think Global, Act Local” face-to-face, educational events like Earth Day, Arbor Day and your business’ anniversary, you can positively model the perceptions of your customers to obtain measureable results. These are some ideas that will grow your independent business and promote the sale of your premium brands.
is the founder of Garden Marketing, which exists to help the lawn and garden industry successfully reach the highly valuable and tech savvy X & Y Generation customers that he represents. You can connect with Mr. Garden Marketing at www.facebook. com/FollowGardenMarketing.
Jonathan Matteson
DID YOU KNOW? MNLA has catalogs to help you introduce your customers to plants that would work well for their home! Visit MNLA.biz or call Jessica at 651-633-4987 to order now!
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➾ legal issues
Can You Hire Workers Under 18 Years Old? Maybe. The green industry is full of small businesses and family owned businesses. We often rely on family members and their friends to help out during the busy times of the year. With much of the green industry’s busy season coinciding with summer break from school, high school students can be a useful addition to a business.
Patrick McGuiness
Zlimen & McGuiness, PLLC
however, there are many restrictions on the hours minors can work and what duties they can perform. Here is what Minnesota law says about what workers under the age of 18 can do for a business. Workers Younger Than 14 Years Old:
Let’s start with the youngest workers. With a few exceptions, minors under the age of 14 may not be employed at all. The exceptions include: • Minors can be newspaper carriers (but must be at least 11 years old). • Minors can work in agriculture if they are at least 12 years old and have parental consent. Remember that the only part of the green industry that qualifies as agriculture is work that involves the production and propagation of crop or plant material. • Minors can be employed as actors or models. • Minors can be referees for youth athletic programs, but must be at least 11 years old and have parental consent. Time Restrictions for Minors Under 16 Years Old:
Once a minor is 14 years old, they can work for an employer under some strict guidelines about when and where they can perform the work. Keep in mind that these restrictions are cumulative; meaning the restrictions for minors under 18 years old also applies to minors under 16 years old. • Minors under 16 cannot work before 6 a.m. or after 9 p.m., (newspaper carriers are exempt from this rule)
• Minors under 16 cannot work more than 40 hours per week or more than 8 hours per 24 hour period. Agricultural workers are exempt from this rule. • During the school year, minors under 16 years may not work later than 7pm; may not work more than 3 hours per day and not more than 18 total hours per week. • Minors under 16 may not work during school hours on school days unless they have a certificate issued by the school district superintendent authorizing them to work. Work Restrictions for Minors Under 16 Year Old:
In addition to the limitations on hours for minors under 16, there are also many restrictions on the type of work and duties that a minor under 16 can perform. These restrictions also apply to minors under the age of 14 to the extent that they are otherwise allowed to work. This list does not include every prohibition, but instead lists the ones that most commonly apply in the green industry. Keep in mind that these prohibitions apply to work being performed as an employee of a business. Nothing listed is meant to imply that minors can’t perform these tasks at home or in other non-employment settings. Minors under 16 are prohibited from performing the following work:
• operating or assisting in the operation of machinery • operating power-driven snowblowers, lawn mowers or garden equipment
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➾ legal issues
I know, you really need the help and it is a busy time of year. However, the penalties for violating the Minnesota Child Labor Act can be steep. • operating drill presses, grinders, portable power-driven machinery such as drills, sanders, and polishing and scrubbing equipment • oiling, cleaning or maintaining any power-driven machinery • using pits, racks or lifting apparatus at service stations or in mounting tires on rims • welding • as an outside helper on a motor vehicle Time Restrictions for Minors 16 & 17 Years Old:
Once a child reaches 16 years old, but before they turn 18 years old, there are expanded hours they can work. Minnesota law states that students may not work after 11pm on evenings before school days, or before 5am on school days. These hours may be expanded to 11:30pm and 4:30am respectively if the employer receives written permission from the workers parent or guardian. Work Restriction for Minors Under 18 Years Old:
There are also many restrictions on the type of work that workers under 18 can perform. These restrictions also apply to minors under the age of 16 to the extent that they are otherwise allowed to work. Again, this list does not include every prohibition, but instead lists the ones that most commonly apply in the green industry.
daily by one or both parents when performing the work. Finally, minors can perform allowed tasks in a business whose primary function would otherwise be prohibited. For example, a minor can be hired to sweep at a factory as long as the tasks performed take place away from the area of any hazardous operation, equipment, or materials. What Happens If You Get Caught:
I know, you really need the help and it is a busy time of year. However, the penalties for violating the Minnesota Child Labor Act can be steep. Additionally, if you violate the law and a minor worker is injured while working for you, your workers compensation insurance may attempt to recover from you or your business for any losses. Finally, an employer that repeatedly violates the Minnesota Child Labor Act can be convicted of a gross misdemeanor. Please keep in mind, I am only telling you what the law says, not what I personally think. Due to a lack of knowledge of the law, I was hired by a small green industry company at the age of 15. The Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry may assess the following fines for violations: FINE
CHILD LABOR VIOLATION
$500
For employment of minor under the age of 14
$500
For employment of minor under the age of 16 during school hours while school is in session
• with chemicals or other substances when present at excessive temperatures or in explosive, toxic or flammable quantities
$500
For employment of minor under the age of 16 before 7 a.m.
• in logging/lumbering operations (sorry arborists this includes you too) or in sand and gravel pits
$500
For employment of minor under the age of 16 after 9 p.m.
• on construction or building projects (this is pretty broad and includes most landscaping)
$1,000
• in building maintenance or repair higher than 12 feet above the ground or floor level
For employment of a high school student under the age of 18 in violation of section 181A.04, subd. 6
$500
For employment of minor under the age of 16 more than eight hours a day
$500
For employment of minor under the age of 16 more than 40 hours a week
$1,000
For employment of minor under 18 in occupation hazardous or detrimental to minor’s well-being
$1,000
For employment of minor under 16 in occupation hazardous or detrimental to minor’s well-being
$5,000
For minor under the age of 18 injured in hazardous employment
$250
For minor employed without proof of age
Minors under 16 are prohibited from performing the following:
• in oxy-acetylene or oxy-hydrogen welding • operating or assisting in the operation of power-driven machinery, such as forklifts, skid steers, tractors, etc. • operating a lift or hoisting machine • operating a passenger-carrying vehicles as a driver A Couple of Exceptions to the Prohibited Work Rules:
There are a few limited exceptions to the multitude of rules that were just covered. First, if a 17 year old has graduated from high school, they can work full time and are not subject to the other work restrictions. Second, minors may work for a business that is solely owned by their parent(s), as long as the minor is supervised 52
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What it All Means:
If you hire minors, or are thinking of hiring minors, you must look closely at the hours you will have them work and the job duties they will perform. Due to the nature of jobs in our industry, many positions are completely off limits to minors. Despite increased enforcement, unintentional and intentional violations will continue to take place. Protect your business by taking a careful look at the job duties of the positions you are considering hiring minors for. This article provides general information on employment law and does not list all prohibitions, exclusions and regulations. Do not rely upon this article as legal advice. A qualified attorney must analyze all relevant facts and apply the applicable law to any matter before legal advice can be given. If you would like more information regarding employment law or other legal matters, please contact Patrick McGuiness at Zlimen & McGuiness, PLLC at 651-206-3203 or pmcguiness@zmattorneys.com
Additional Resources:
Thanks to the internet, it is easier than ever to access information that you need. However, sometimes it can be overwhelming to figure out the best source of information. So, are a few good links to check out if you’d like more information on employing minors. • Minnesota Department of Labor & Industry: http://www.dli.mn.gov/LS/ChildLabor.asp • U.S. Department of Labor: http://www.dol.gov/whd/childlabor.htm
DID YOU KNOW? MNLA members receive a reduced rate at Zlimen & McGuiness, PLLC.
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➾ leadership
green industry leadershiP I nstitute L aunches at F ull Capacity
At 4:15 p.m. on a Wednesday afternoon in February, they began filing in to the MNLA conference room. Fifteen people from MNLA member-companies were gathering for the first meeting of the Green Industry Leadership Institute. Each participant had already successfully completed an application process and not one, but two self-assessment exercises, so the high expectations of their commitment to this group had already been established. The facilitators, Steve & Terri Wilcox of Resultants for Business, Inc. had arrived earlier and set up the room to utilize a white board, flip charts, posters, and work binders. “By understanding yourself, you can learn to understand and value others,” read a poster on the wall. It was an environment designed for learning.
As handshakes and smiles were offered freely all around, you could sense the natural nervousness and excitement that comes with a new undertaking. This venture had been initiated by the MNLA Networking Committee and its Leadership Institute Task Team. In each planning meeting, the vision of what this Institute could be generated more and more excitement. This would be a leadership development course developed BY the green industry, FOR the green industry, and would take into account the seasonality and special conditions that exist for operating within the green industry. It would draw on expertise within successful MNLA businesses. It seemed like this program would meet a need being expressed in the MNLA community for intense green industry-focused leadership training. But anxious thoughts persisted as well: would we be able to find the right facilitator, create the right curriculum, and publicize it sufficiently in a short window of time to fill up the class? Thanks to the hard work and leadership of Networking Committee chair Nick Sargent of Sargent’s Landscape Nursery and the members of the Green Industry Leadership Institute Task Team the program launched with a full class of 15. We found incredibly qualified facilitators who fit with and embody the leadership principles at the heart of the program. The course was designed with the content and configuration that will
truly impact the participants and the companies behind them. The Task Team that helped to shape this unique offering for MNLA’s members by developing the concept, topics, and processes of the program and approving the candidates for acceptance into the Institute are Susan Bachman-West, Bachman’s, Inc.; Chris Clifton, Southview Design; Duggan Kelly, Kelly Green Irrigation; Matt Mallas, Hedberg Landscape & Masonry Supplies; and Mike McNamara, Hoffman & McNamara Nursery and Landscape. Each one of the 15 participants in the inaugural class of the Green Industry Leadership Institute was identified by their company as a worthy candidate for this intense year-long program. The dollar investment of $1,200 for each participant was only part of the outlay of resources. Each company has also committed a key employee to a time-intensive learning experience that will not be able to be wholly completed outside of work hours. The intended payoff for each company is that their employee will leave the class taking ownership of their company’s mission and bottom line, having greater confidence in decision making, increasing their skill in identifying and facilitating solutions within their company, and developing a network of peer advisors to engage with as they grow and advance in their career. Congratulations to the 2014 class of the Green Industry Leadership Institute! Adam Bachman, Bachman’s, Inc. Joseph Blumhardt, Southview Design Ben Cooper, Rainbow Tree Companies Justin Dorschied, Southview Design Tyler Grissman, Phillips Garden Catherine Hanson, Sargent’s on 2nd Matthew Kuha, Irrigation by Design Alicia Morarie, Sargent’s Landscape Nursery Jon Prochnow, Rainbow Tree Companies Ann Standish, Heidi’s Lifestyle Gardens Richard Triviski, Irrigation by Design Fernando Villafan Foldan, Bailey Nurseries, Inc. Paula Wagner, Prescription Landscape Kent Williamson, Dulcet Fountains & Aeration Michael Zetah, biota | Landscape Design + Build
about the Green Industry Leadership Institute or are interested in applying for the 2015 class, please contact any of the volunteer leaders mentioned in this report or MNLA Communications Director Jon Horsman at jon@mnla.biz or 651-633-4987.
If you would like to learn more
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➾ mnla foundation
foundation corner Dean Engelmann
can tackle. Back when I was riding my bike as fast as I could on my way to the bank, I didn’t realize that what resided in my hand if only for a short while represented an investment. An investment that someone in this fine industry made in me with the hopes that I too might one day help further the causes that we all believe in. Fast forward 20+ years and I have now found those pages that were absent from my life’s handbook back in college that prevented me from fully understanding the magnitude of that seemingly mundane transaction that had taken place so many years before.
Tangeltown Gardens
As a college student in the early ’90s, I was always grateful when those much needed scholarship funds arrived just in time for me to forward them on to the University in the hopes that they would continue stuffing my brain full of the knowledge I so desperately craved. Although I did greatly appreciate the money at the time, and was always eager to send out a thank you note to the provider, I don’t think I could completely comprehend what I got out of it, nor what the donor got from it. On the surface it seems like a static transaction that really had no feeling deeper than the thickness of the paper that the check was printed on. Shows how little I really understood the bigger picture of the world at that young age in life. You see, what I failed to realize at the time was that I was really a small part of a much bigger machine. A machine that represented the industry I so much wanted to be a part of. An industry that is much greater than the sum of its parts.
We have seen year after year the legislative mountains that have been climbed, the regulatory issues that have been carefully managed, the educational opportunities that continue to strengthen our core, and the public awareness we all rely on, all things that no one of us could do on our own, but as a group they are tasks that strong-willed and dedicated individuals
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As a trustee on the board of the MNLA Foundation I feel fortunate to have the opportunity to repay that scholarship with service to the industry. The MNLA Foundation has a long history dedicated to research, career development, and yes, scholarships that help young people find their way into our industry. As spring nears and we stretch our legs and warm up, getting ourselves ready for another competitive performance much like a snowboarder in Sochi prepares to hit the half pipe, I want each of you to think about how you may have benefited from the actions of another on your journey. An instructor that was all too happy to share everything they know, an industry mentor that took you under their wing as you learned your own style of flight, the countless researchers that make our lives easier because of their work, or maybe that person writing a scholarship check to someone that they don’t even know just because they have a deep love for this industry and want to see it continue as a strong body. Ask yourself how you can give back to help all of us move forward. Go talk to your old high school biology class, become a mentor for a young person with an interest in our industry, provide a scholarship in any way you can, or simply donate to the MNLA Foundation which actively participates in all of these areas. Learn more about all of the great work the foundation is actively participating in and how you can help keep our industry strong both today and into the future. That college-aged kid that once thought he was the only one receiving something now understands that both parties get equal reward for that investment that was made so long ago. is on the MNLA Foundation board of trustees and can be reached at dean@tangletowngardens.com.
Dean Engelmann
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SCOOP COMING In January, MNLA will be introducing a redesigned Scoop. Our goal is to provide even greater value to you, the member, through this vital communication service. To do that, we need to know what your current needs are! We would like to gather your feedback on how you read The Scoop, which content you value most, and what you wish we would include. Please take five minutes and give us your opinions via a quick 5-question survey found here: http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/ScoopFeedback. If you’d rather forward your comments via email, send those to jon@mnla.biz. WRITERS WANTED We’re also looking for members who love to write – members who want to share useful information, ideas, and innovations with their fellow members in the association’s monthly magazine. Write from the perspective of your industry segment (landscape install, garden center, grower, etc.); share knowledge on business management or human resources; or offer insights via our soon-to-premiere features “Ideas That Work” and “My Favorite Tool.” To offer your services and/or receive information on deadlines and other parameters, email susan@mnla.biz or call Sue Flynn or Jon Horsman at 651-633-4987.
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www.MNLA.biz | ocTober 2012
➾ workman’ s comp
2014 workers compensation Insurance R ates for M N L A M embers M ay Be I ncreasing
Dennis Medo
The Builders Group
Some MNLA members may be seeing their 2014 Workers Compensation insurance premium increasing due to the Minnesota base rate increase. The base rates for workers compensation are set by the Minnesota Workers Compensation Insurance Association (MWCIA). The rates are determined based on the experience of all companies doing business in the State of Minnesota and the class codes in which the business is written for the past three years. The MWCIA then sets the base rates based on the experience in each class code and publishes these rates around August 1 each year for the upcoming year.
Companies then review these rates against their experience in each code for the past three years and will either adopt the new rates and apply their own multiplier that reflects their experience or not adopt these new rates. Most companies usually will adopt these rates. For 2014 the landscaping codes increased an average of at least 10% due to the prior year’s loss experience being poor. Keep in mind that your final rate is based not only on the facts stated above, but also on what your individual experience modification has done; the various credits that are applied to your policy by your company; and
how your individual experience has been for the past 3–5 years. It’s conceivable that your increase could be greater or less than the 10% previously mentioned. Make sure to ask your agent what factors went into the make up of your new or renewal premium.
either ask your agent or call Dennis Medo at The Builders Group at 651-389-1043 or dmedo@tbgmn.com.
If you have questions
DID YOU KNOW? Did you know that MNLA includes TBG’s workers compensation insurance as an MNLA Member Service? Call Dennis to take advantage of insurance built by the industry for the industry.
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➾ landscape awards
2014 MNLA Landscape Award Winners
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Congratulations to all the winners of the 2014 MNLA Landscape Awards! This issue of the Scoop will highlight only seven of the 21 winning entries, with future Scoops profiling the other projects. All winners were honored guests at the MNLA Awards Gala, January 9, 2014 at the Millennium Hotel, Minneapolis, where they received their plaque and enjoyed the festive atmosphere and views of the Millennium’s unique glass dome room. The MNLA Landscape Awards is a program of recognition for installed landscapes. Submitting companies must be MNLA members who offer design, installation, design/build, bid/build, or other landscape specialty to their clients. Did you know that in any given year, ALL entries could win awards, or NO entries could win awards? Entries are not judged against each other; rather each entry is judged against the standards of excellence. Judges must decide whether an entry, in their opinion, meets or exceeds those standards and is worthy of being recognized for excellence. Firm: biota | Landscape Design + Build Project: Private Residence - Eagan, MN Entrant: biota - Landscape Design + Build Team: Foreman: Mike Mead; Crew: Chad Folstad, Joe Hafner, Tom Kobayashi, Osmany Seaz, Matt Sand Designer: Steve Modrow Subcontractors: Terry Owens, Deck Green Acres, Irrigation < Firm: biota | Landscape Design + Build Project: Private Residence- Excelsior, MN Entrant: biota - Landscape Design + Build Team: Site Supervisor: Mike Zetah; Stonework: Mike Mead; Design: Steve Modrow; Project Manager: Jim Saybolt Subcontractors: Pete Boyer Construction, Inc: Timber frame construction; J. Forsberg: Sitting wall masonry
Firm: Bachman’s Landscaping
Firm: Axel Landscape
Project: East Lake Harriet Residence
Project: Woodland backyard with terraced patios with two-level fireplace
Entrant: Alyson Landmark
Entrant: Jodi Axel
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< Firm: biota | Landscape Design + Build Project: Private Residence, Minneapolis Entrant: biota - Landscape Design + Build Team: Steve Modrow, design; Matt Sand, build; Joe Hafner, build Subcontractors: Terry Owens: French doors and deck work.
Firm: Landscape Renovations Inc. Project: Lowry Hill Entrant: Scott Frampton Team: Landscape Architecture: Don Colberg - Colberg–Tews; Project Manager: Scott Frampton; Project Manager: Jim Kosowski; Construction Supervisor: Todd Schumacher Subcontractors: Olympic Pools: pool construction; Bulach Custom Rock: walls and stairs; Motion Work Shop: deck; Dakota Unlimited: fence and railings; Bauer Custom Metal: pool scuppers; Vineland Tree Care: tree canopy pruning and removal; Irrigation By Design: irrigation; Plehal Blacktop: driveway
a special thank you to our sponsors: Firm: Designing Nature Inc. Project: Mill Run Entrant: Mindy Zittel
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➾ don't forget
utility locates important advisory to members
mnla advises its members to remember the following: Anytime Anytime you you are are going going to to dig dig anywhere anywhere in in a a landscape, landscape, CALL CALL BEFORE BEFORE YOU YOU DIG. DIG. In In the the metro metro area, area, call call the the Gopher Gopher State State One One Call Call at at 651-454-0002 651-454-0002 or, or, outside outside the the metro, metro, call call toll-free toll-free 800-252-1166 800-252-1166 at at least least 48 48 hours hours in in advance advance of of anticipated anticipated excavation. excavation. In In the the busy busy spring spring season, season, be be aware aware that that experience experience has has shown shown that that it it can can take take even even longer longer for for markings markings to to occur. occur. You You have have 96 96 hours hours (4 (4 days) days) to to begin begin digging digging after after the the markings markings are are placed. (Both (Both the the 48-hour 48-hour rule rule and and 96-hour 96-hour rule rule exclude exclude Saturdays, Saturdays, Sundays Sundays and and holidays.) holidays.) placed. After markings have been made, excavators are required to maintain a minimum horizontal (side to side) clearance of two feet (24 inches) between an unexposed facility and the cutting edge or point of any power operated excavating or earth-moving equipment. For example, if the markings indicate a 6" pipe is buried, the hand dig zone is 54" wide (6" + 24" on each side of the mark). If excavation is required within the hand dig zone, the excavation must be performed very carefully, with vacuum excavation or hand tools, and without damage to the facility or undermining lateral support. Remember that facility depths may vary due to installation practices, changes in the grade, erosion and other variables. In the course of digging, if you expose a utility line, it is your responsibility to inspect and support the facilities before backfilling. If you damage the utility line, it is your responsibility to immediately notify the utility owner directly. For a Professional Excavators Manual, call 651-454-8388 (do not call this number for locates) or see the website www.gopherstateonecall.org. Once at the website, click on “site map” in the lower right corner; in the “select-a-link” section, choose “Professional Excavators Manual;” and then click on the picture for the table of contents.
MNLA also reminds members of the following information: Gopher State One Call now has a free mobile app, which offers quick access to many of Gopher State One Call’s resources from a smartphone or tablet, whether you’re at the office or working at a job site. The app is available for both Apple and Android devices. To download the free GSOC app, visit the Apple App Store or Google Play and search for “GSOC” or “Gopher State One Call.” Minnesota Statutes section 326B.35 clearly identifies that communication utility work is covered by the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC). “Communication utility work” includes burial of telephone and cable TV lines. (Source: Minnesota Department of Labor & Industry Construction Codes and Licensing Division) National Electrical Safety Code table 352-1 requires communication cables to be installed at a 24" burial depth. A lesser depth is allowed if the cable is provided with supplemental protection. If you cut a communications line during routine lawn work such as aeration, or if you have followed ALL of the utility marking procedures required, yet inadvertently cut a communications line that has not been properly buried, it may be a reasonable business practice to bill the offending utility for any inconvenience caused to you or your customer.
Remember, follow the rules and call before you dig! april 14
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➾ mnla news
networking news Nursery Networking Group
The networking event was well attended and enjoyed by 37 participants. Top Takeaways
date & time: 2/11; 9:30 a.m.
• Status report on Japanese barberry regulation and likely timeline.
location: Bailey Nurseries
• Bailey’s production manager reviewed their new 4-year production plan for bare-root trees. • Extensive tour of Bailey’s coolers, with commentary on grading, storage and shipment practices.
Mankato Area Green Industry Networking Group
Topic: Employees
date & time: 2/18; 10 a.m
It was the first meeting of this group and three people attended. One other person had signed up but called the morning of the meeting and had to cancel. We all thought it was a good thing to do and we will meet again, hopefully with more participation.
location: Drummer’s Garden Center
Takeaways from the meeting were: • The difficulty to hire and retain quality employees in our industry. • Use of training cards to train new employees. • Using a set of questions in the training process to help train new hires.
Professional Gardening Services date & time: 3/4; 10:30 a.m location: Beez Kneez Honey House
We had another great turn out. 24 people came out to hear Gary Reuter speak about bees. Erin Rupp and Kristy Lynn Allen, from The Beez Kneez, also spoke about their beekeeping classes, honey extraction services and bicycle powered honey delivery service. The main take away from the morning was that bees are at risk because of four main factors: 1. Pesticide use — air borne and systemic 2. Pathogens — viruses and bacteria 3. Parasites — mites and other parasites 4. Poor Nutrition and lack of plant diversity Some steps that we can take to protect bees include: 1) Only use chemical compounds that don’t harm bees. 2) Use chemicals that have no residual effect after they dry. 3) Spray early or late in the day when bees are less active. 4) Don’t allow spray to drift onto flowering plants where bees may be present. 5) Use plants and seeds that have not been treated with neonicotinoids by the grower. The four most common neonicotinoids include imidacloprid, dinotefuran, chlothianidin and thiamethoxam. 6) Plant diverse communities of plants that provide flowers from early spring to late fall. Native plants should be in that mix. 7) Talk to our clients about the problem. Encourage them to ask questions of any company proposing a chemical spray program for their home or landscape to determine if it will be harmful to pollinators.
Get involved in an MNLA networking group in 2014! Visit MNLA.Biz for a list of upcoming MNLA networking group meetings/events. Outside of the Twin Cities? Watch for new regional green industry networking opportunities in your area.
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Landscape Design date & time: 3/6; 10:30 a.m location: MNLA Office
Meeting Topic: Technology for Landscape Designers (drafting, sketching, managing time, measuring, other) Takeaways: 1. Digitally generated plans can be superior to hand drawing in at least two regards: First, changes are made dramatically easier and more efficiently with digital drawings. Second, digital plans can be transmitted electronically saving valuable time and potentially cutting down on on-site meetings. 2. Using County/Government generated GIS maps where available are great ways to get a start on base plans and also to get they lay of the land prior to meeting with clients. 3. A possible resource for advertising is getlisted.org — this website takes you through the process of taking advantage of as much free advertising via the internet as possible. 4. The jury is still out on how Notebook computers may be of value to landscape designers. Potential uses include on-site access to portfolios and specific product info, sketching, estimating and billing.
business briefs Congratulations to Kris Radford, KMR Design Group, on being named to the Minnesota Green Roofs Council board of directors. St. Croix Tree Service has merged with SavATree, a provider of tree and lawn care in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest states. Daniel van Starrenburg, President and CEO of SavATree noted, “We are pleased to be joining together with Dennis Ullom and his talented team at St. Croix Tree Service, as we all share a commitment to excellence in generating consistent results for our customers. We have had a great deal of experience bringing strong, local brands under our canopy of services and are confident that this will be a very successful partnership.” Dennis Ullom, president and CEO of St. Croix Tree Service will be staying on the team while continuing his other passion, the selection and planting of beautiful trees and shrubs under the trade name of Instant Green Tree Planting. Long-time MNLA member Gary Anderson Landscaping has something to celebrate. They were awarded Best Customer Service Results at the 2014 America’s Business Excellence Awards ceremony. “This is a big win for our company and the efforts we put in each and every day to ensure our clients have the best experience
possible”, stated Anderson. “Winning the award among some of the best businesses in the country means that our efforts are being noticed not only by our customers, but our peers as well.” Horticultural Research Institute (HRI) Invests $400,000 Spread among Sixteen Projects HRI has announced it will grant $400,000 in financial support for 16 new projects that investigate solutions in the areas of horticultural production, pest management, environmental stewardship, and business and marketing. Marketing: Projects aimed at giving valuable information on trends in nursery and greenhouse crop production/ management and providing the “hows” of better marketing based on consumer buying practices will receive $119,000 in HRI funds. Pest Management: Projects on mite, insect, and plant pathogen control are the focus of four studies and will be garner $112,352 in HRI support. Sustainable Production & Environmental Resource: Projects focused on irrigation methods, water quality/degraded water sources, and nutrients/fertilization are represented by nine projects, with $168,158 in HRI funding.
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➾ last word
Create a Wildlife Tree Faith Appelquist
Tree Quality, LLC
When faced with the prospect of a large tree removal for a client, why not consider suggesting your client make it a wildlife tree? A wildlife tree (or snags as it is sometimes called) is simply a standing dead tree retained for habitat. In areas of human activity these trees are reduced in size so they do not pose a risk as they decay. We are so conditioned to manicured and highly managed landscapes that we sometimes overlook the importance of dead wood in a functioning forest ecosystem. In fact, for some forest wildlife, wood only becomes valuable after death.
Dead wood provides more to wildlife than just shelter within cavities. Crevices formed between the trunk of a dead tree and the peeling bark provide protection from the sun for bats and amphibians. Branches free of leaves serve as perches for birds of prey to view movements of small animals below. Decaying wood is home to many insects and fungi which serve as food for birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. In addition, dead wood stores carbon which is sustainable in the era of climate change. Be the trendsetter in your profession. Give your client’s tree another life … long after death. For more information, visit: http://wdfw.wa.gov/ living/snags/
is an ISA Board Certified Master Arborist, an ISA Municipal Specialist MN, and an ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist® and can be reached at faith@treequality.com. Faith Appelquist
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651-955-3319 jeffpalmer@arborjet.com
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Visit www.arborjet.com or call 781.935.9070. LEADER IN TREE INJECTION TECHNOLOGY • TREE CARE CONSULTING • INVASIVE PEST MANAGEMENT
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