The Scoop Online - January 2020 by Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association

SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENTS

CHEERIEST BEAN

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

LETâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S DRIFT APART

ALSO INSIDE:

THRIPS MANAGEMENT IN THE GREENHOUSE PLUS:

SHAPE OF GREEN

jan 2020 n v43 n1

T H E O F F I C I A L P U B L I C AT I O N O F T H E M I N N E S OTA N U R S E RY & L A N DS C A P E A SS OC I AT I ON

ET V SA

T E! A D

2020 SPRING EDUCATION EXPO Thursday, February 20, 2020

BRIGHT IDEAS FOR

2020 • Attend seminars to learn from vendors and experts • Find out about new products and plant material • 2020 catalogs available • Order your 2020 products and receive early order pricing

Meet with industry partners during the trade show and enjoy a FREE lunch! WHEN:

Thursday, February 20, 2020 from 8:00am-3:30pm

WHERE: Mystic Lake Casino, Grand Ballroom 2400 Mystic Lake Boulevard | Prior Lake, MN 55372 RSVP:

Call us at 651-450-0277, ext. 1486.

5500 Blaine Ave. | Inver Grove Heights, MN 55076 651.450.0277 | gertenswholesale.com

WHOLESALE NURSERY & HARDSCAPES

Visit us at Northern Green | January 14-16, 2020 | Booth 1201 • DE-ICING SALTS

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Regular Hours: M - F 7am to 3pm Sign up online for our snow event hours update.

Bulk Salt Bagged Salt

651-209-3148 • www.northernsalt.com 602 Prior Ave. North • St. Paul, MN 55104

jan 2020 n v43 n1

16 42

8 Events 19

10 Benefits of Volunteering President Frampton thanks members for allowing him to serve and promotes volunteerism.

28 Ferriss Scholarship A fundraising effort is underway to raise $50,000 to establish a new scholarship fund to honor Dr.

Let’s Drift Apart Dr. Hannah Mathers explains why knowing how herbicide drift injury occurs and limiting its occurrence is imperative.    

The Cheeriest Bean Why are coffee beans caffeinated? Faith Appelquist explains.   

Terry Ferriss.

34 Northern Green: Legislative Action Center Government Affairs Director Forrest Cyr encourages members to engage in advocacy at Northern Green.

40 Surplus Auction Cleaning out your space? Consider donating to the Surplus Auction to benefit the MNLA Foundation.

Shape of Green of the Deciduous Kind Dr. Robert Schutzki explores geometric expression on larger deciduous plants.    

Thrips Management in the Greenhouse Dr. Vera Krischik explores the life cycle, identification, trapping, and control of thrips in a greenhouse setting.  

42 MNLA Foundation Contribution Report Thank you to all those who supported the MNLA Foundation in 2019.

46 Professional Development Looking for professional advancement? Applications are due this month for the 2020 Mentorship Program and the Green Industry Leadership Institute.

MNLA Foundation Scholarship Recipients Meet the recipients of the 2019-2020 MNLA Foundation collegiate scholarship program. Helping the green industry grow! 

 Landscape & Hardscape Install & Design  Garden Services & Landscape Mgmt  Garden Centers  Growers: Nursery & Greenhouse  Irrigation & Water Mgmt  Arborists & Tree Services  All

Cover photo: iStock.com/YinYang. Table of Contents Images: Top Left: iStock.com/subtropica. Middle: Robert Schutzki. Bottom: Robert Dzwonkowski, Bugwood.org.

january 20 MNLA.BIZ

DIRECTORY

jan 2020 n v43 n1

MINNESOTA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION Successful Businesses Grow Here! 1813 Lexington Ave. N., Roseville, MN 55113 651-633-4987 • Fax: 651-633-4986 Outside the metro area, toll free: 888-886-MNLA, Fax: 888-266-4986 www.MNLA.biz • www.NorthernGreen.org Mission: The mission of the Minnesota Nursery & Landscape Association is to help members grow successful businesses. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Scott Frampton, President Landscape Renovations 651-769-0010 • sframpton@landscaperenovations.com Tim Malooly, CID, CLIA, CIC, Vice-President Water in Motion 763-559-7771 • timm@watermotion.com Randy Berg, MNLA-CP, Secretary-Treasurer Berg’s Nursery, Landscape/Garden Center 507-433-2823 • randy@bergsnursery.com Faith Appelquist, MNLA-CP Tree Quality LLC 612-618-5244 • faith@treequality.com Matt Mallas Hedberg Supply 763-512-2849 • mmallas@hedbergaggregates.com Mike McNamara Hoffman & McNamara Nursery & Landscaping 651-437-9463 • mike.mcnamara@hoffmanandmcnamara.com John O’Reilly Otten Bros. Garden Center and Landscaping 952-473-5425 • j.oreilly@ottenbros.com Jeff Pilla, MNLA-CP Professional Turf, Inc. (Proturf) 952-469-8680 • jeff@professionalturf.com Nick Sargent, MNLA-CP Sargent’s Landscape Nursery, Inc. 507-289-0022 • njsargent@sargentsgardens.com Cassie Larson, CAE MNLA Executive Director 651-633-4987 • cassie@mnla.biz STAFF DIRECTORY Executive Director: Cassie Larson, CAE • cassie@mnla.biz Membership Director & Trade Show Manager: Mary Dunn, CEM • mary@mnla.biz Communications Dir.: Jon Horsman, CAE • jon@mnla.biz Education/Cert. Manager: Susan Flynn • susan@mnla.biz Government Affairs Dir: Forrest Cyr • forrest@mnla.biz Regulatory Affairs Manager: Jim Calkins • jim@mnla.biz Accountant: Kris Peterson • kris@mnla.biz Foundation Program Coordinator: Paulette Sorenson • paulette@mnla.biz Administrative Assistant: Lora Sondrol • lora@mnla.biz Advertising Sales: 952-934-2891 / 763-295-5420 Faith Jensen, Advertising Rep • faith@pierreproductions.com Betsy Pierre, Advertising Mgr • betsy@pierreproductions.com Legislative Affairs Consultant: Doug Carnival

MNLA.BIZ january 20

Anderson Nurseries, Inc. ................................................................... 35 Arborjet .................................................................................................. 18 Aspen Equipment ................................................................................ 35 Bachman's Wholesale Nursery & Hardscapes .............................. 3 Brandl Motors ....................................................................................... 21 Bullis Insurance Agency ..................................................................... 35 Central Landscape Supply ................................................................ 21 COWSMO, INC. ....................................................................................... 15 CST Distribution, LLC .......................................................................... 44 Cushman Motor Co. Inc ...................................................................... 44 Dayton Bag & Burlap .......................................................................... 39 Edney Distributing Co., Inc. ............................................................... 32 Farber Bag & Supply Co. .................................................................... 40 Frost Inc ................................................................................................. 39 Fury Motors .......................................................................................... 45 Gertens Wholesale & Professional Turf Supply ............................. 2 Glacial Ridge Growers ........................................................................ 15 Hedberg Landscape & Masonry Supplies ....................................... 4 Jeff Belzer Chevrolet ..................................................................... 24–25 Lano Equipment, Inc. .......................................................................... 40 Maguire Agency ..................................................................................... 11 Northern Salt Inc ................................................................................... 4 Out Back Nursery .................................................................................. 11 Plaisted Companies .............................................................................. 7 Rock Hard Landscape Supply ........................................................... 21 SMSC Organics Recycling Facility .................................................... 41 The Tessman Company ....................................................................... 41 The Resultants ..................................................................................... 32 Tri-State Bobcat, Inc. .......................................................................... 47 Truck Utilities, Inc. ................................................................................ 11 Unilock ..................................................................................................... 9 Versa-Lok Midwest .............................................................................. 26 Ziegler CAT.............................................................................. Back Cover

UPCOMING

JAN

14 –16 FEB



NORTHERN GREEN 2020 Register onsite for the green industry experience where you browse + do business, learn + let loose, and connect + grow. Minneapolis Convention Center ➽NorthernGreen.org

LMN BEST IN LANDSCAPE WORKSHOP Join thousands of business owners across North America who are mastering the ‘business’ end of running a landscape company...and experiencing amazing results! Minneapolis, location TBD ➽ Golmn.com

FEB



MNLA CERTIFICATION EXAM Sit for the exam to become an MNLA Certified Professional in 2020. Additional dates: February 14 & 21. MNLA Office, Roseville ➽ MNLA.biz

FEB

20 MAR



GERTENS SPRING EXPO The Gerten’s Expo offers a day filled with education, demos and discounts. ➽Gertens.com

GREEN INDUSTRY DAY ON THE HILL This a great opportunity for YOU to build relationships with elected officials and raise awareness about issues impacting your business, workforce, and the green industry. St. Paul ➽ MNLA.biz

MAR



GREENHOUSE IPM AND BIOCONTROL PESTICIDE RECERTIFICATION WORKSHOP This workshop is geared to greenhouse growers, applicators, and managers. Midland Hills Country Club, Roseville ➽MNLA.biz

MAR



MNLA CERTIFICATION EXAM Sit for the exam to become an MNLA Certified Professional in 2020. Additional dates: March 20 & 27. MNLA Office, Roseville ➽ MNLA.biz

MAR

iStock.com/JPLDesigns



OSHA CHAINSAW & CONCRETE SAW SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE SEMINAR – ENGLISH AND SPANISH This half-day seminar (English in the morning/Spanish in the afternoon) covers OSHA rules and regulations regarding protective clothing, safety features, starting procedures, operating procedures and productivity, maintenance, chain sharpening, and more.

MAR

The Scoop, January 2020, Issue 1, is issued monthly, 12 times per year. All original works, articles or formats



published in The Scoop are © Minnesota Nursery &

MASTERING FOREMANSHIP TRAINING In this dynamic seminar, foreman learn how to more effectively handle tight deadlines, tight margins and increase customer satisfaction. ➽MNLA.biz

Landscape Association, 2020, and may not be used without written permission of MNLA, 1813 Lexington Ave

MAR

N., Roseville, MN 55113. Subscription price is $99 for one year, which is included with member dues. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Scoop, MNLA, 1813

BACHMAN’S SPRING OPEN HOUSE The annual open house offers free seminars, food, savings and prizes! Cedar Acres Garden & Hardscapes Center, Farmington ➽ Bachmans.com

Lexington Ave N., Roseville, MN 55113.

2020 MNLA seminars

Editorial Contributions. You are invited to share your

generously supported by:

expertise and perspective. Article ideas and manuscripts should, whenever possible, reflect real and specific experiences. When submitting an article, please contact

Business

 Skills Training

 Networking

Leadership Development

General

the publisher at jon@mnla.biz or 651-633-4987. MNLA



reserves the right to edit all Scoop content.

➽Information on industry events: MNLA.biz/events. Free member-only videos: MNLA.biz/OnlineEducation.

MNLA.BIZ january 20



UNLIMITED OPTIONS CONTACT YOUR LOCAL UNILOCK TERRITORY MANAGER TODAY FOR A HANDS-ON DEMONSTRATION. 1-800-UNILOCK | UNILOCK.COM/UCARA US Pat. 9,453,341

FROM THE PRESIDENT

The Benefits of Volunteering Scott Frampton

Landscape Renovations

Continuing to advance industry initiatives. Greetings fellow members, I have thoroughly enjoyed

serving as a volunteer MNLA Board member and as its President. Tim Malooly has served as Vice-President during my tenure and is the candidate on the ballot to be our next President. For those of you that don’t know Tim, he has served as a Board member and Government Affairs Committee Chair for nearly two decades. Tim is one of the most thoughtful, and knowledgeable legislative and association minds I’ve had the pleasure to work with. He has been invaluable in keeping our legislative initiatives alive despite the constant threats and relentless opposition from our opponents. Tim is also a champion of career development for all MNLA industry professionals. He and our current Board, the MNLA Foundation Board, and staff have gone above and beyond in recent months to create a vision and working plan to continue current student and employee professional development, strengthen programing, and build new opportunities for our future professionals. I am very thankful for all the leaders and staff that served ahead of me who created this amazing professional association. Words alone are not enough to describe the

quality of this organization. In order to fully understand, you must join a committee or task team to experience for yourself the professional development possibilities that come from being a volunteer member. Being a volunteer on committees, task teams and the board have allowed me to develop meaningful relationships with many of you and for that I am incredibly grateful. I have gained more knowledge and respect for our profession than I could have working alone. Many of us find the peer experience of working together with likeminded enthusiasts is unmatched in other areas of our careers. Together we have accomplished many important leadership, legislative, and professional development initiatives that simply could not have been accomplished without an organization such as this. Together we will continue to advance MNLA professionalism, education, and legislative strength above and beyond what could be done without all of us working together. Thank you for trusting me to lead the MNLA the past two years. I look forward to continuing to serve with you on committees and task teams into the future.

➽SCOTT FRAMPTON is co-owner of Landscape Renovations and can be reached at sframpton@landscaperenovations.com.

MNLA.BIZ january 20

A Deeper Shade of Green Local Genetic Origins

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HERBICIDE DRIFT

MNLA.BIZ january 20

DRIFT Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

APART:

Reducing Herbicide Drift Hannah Mathers, PhD, Mathers Environmental Science Services, LLC

PART 1. THE ROLE OF NOZZLES, BOOM HEIGHT, WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION. Herbicides are designed to kill undesirable plants. Unfortunately, desired plants can be injured or killed as well. In ornamentals, knowing how herbicide injury occurs and limiting its occurrence are imperative. Chemical damage to ornamental, Christmas, fruit and nut trees can be extremely

Dr. Hannah Mathers

expensive due to their high value and replacement costs which are generally much higher than for other crops. Pesticide law is very clear: the applicator, or the licensed applicator supervising the application, is always responsible for understanding the chemical being applied; identifying and eliminating potential risks associated with applications including, the contamination of water sources or drift to non-labelled crops. Following safe mixing and application procedures; and strictly adhering to the label are the law. Misuse of herbicides can be subject to state or federal penalties that may include fines, loss of applicator license, or refusal of crop at point of sale due to non-allowable residues. At minimum the label states what is reasonable in terms of applying and using the herbicide. However, label violation pertaining to drift due to atmospheric and operating conditions are still not fully understood. The EPA defines spray drift as â&#x20AC;&#x153;the physical movement

Fig. 1. Herbicide drift injury on field grown peonies in a commercial operation showing severe injury; however, the weeds in the field are fine. In many cases the ornamental is far more susceptible to the herbicide that drifted than the perennial weeds in adjacent areas. (Picture by: H. Mathers, May 2016). january 20 MNLA.BIZ

HERBICIDE DRIFT

Follow the Nozzle Recommendations: In terms of following proper GPA the following example is provided. A sprayer is operated at 12 mph and 40 psi. The TeeJet nozzle nomenclature rates spray tips for different operating conditions (TeeJet Technologies, 2014). If the operator was using AI11005-VS nozzles, (AI) stands for air induction (flat spray tip), the first numbers are the spray angle (110°) and the two remaining numbers signify the discharge rate at rated pressure (usually 40 psi) or 0.5 gallons per minute (GPM) (TeeJet Technologies, 2014). The VS stands for the VisiFlo color-coding used. These air induction nozzles have a pre-orifice which is their main drift reduction benefit via increased droplet size. They also cause air to be included into the water droplets of the spray. However, AI nozzles can have their limits and problems with drift, especially if operated outside their specifications (Bretthauer, 2015) and/or sufficient concentrations of surfactants are not added to create the air-filled droplets. The nozzle height suggested for A110005VS nozzles (TeeJet Technologies, 2014) is based on minimum overlap required. In the case of 110°, 20" spacing the “minimum” height recommended would be 16–18". However, “typical” height adjustments are based on a 1 to 1 nozzle spacing to height ratio. For example, 110° flat spray tips spaced 20" apart 14

MNLA.BIZ january 20

are commonly set 20" above the target (TeeJet Technologies, 2014). At a boom height of 18" the 110-degree nozzle would have theoretically covered 51.4"; however, if the boom was set at 36" it would cover 103" or twice as much area (non-uniformly) (TeeJet Technologies, 2014). According to manufacturer’s specification at the psi and speed provided above the operator would have applied rates of 12.4 GPA or 0.5 GPM: (http://www.teejet.com/literature_pdfs/catalogs/C51A/broadcast_nozzles.pdf). This is verified using the standard formula for GPA calculation: GPA = 5,940 × GPM (Where: W=nozzle spacing) ∴ 5,940 × 0.5 / 12 × 20 = 12.4 GPA MPH X W

H. Mathers, August 2016

of pesticide droplets or particles through the air at the time of pesticide application or soon thereafter from the target site to any non- or off-target site.” Clemson University Cooperative Extension proposes that a good drift management program includes applying the coarsest droplet size spectrum that provides coverage and control, using the “minimum” application height recommended by the manufacturer, to provide maximum distribution uniformity and minimum off-site deposition, applying only during favorable weather conditions, not applying when the wind is blowing towards a sensitive area, and using common sense, good judgment, and a well-trained applicator (Degiorgo and King, 1998). Applications occurring during wind speeds higher than labelled, wind blowing towards the non-target crop, operating at boom or nozzle heights that will increase drift, and the high sensitivity of trees to herbicides are four common mistakes. Additionally, excessive rates (higher than labelled) and not following a manufacturer’s specifications for gallons/acre (GPA) also lead to problems.

Fig. 2. Populus tremuloides ‘Select’ Summer Splendor™ in foreground showing injury from spray drift the year before, but the Pyrus sp. in the background show no injury.

Wind Speed: Note that drift hazard doubles as nozzle height doubles (Cook, 2015). However, some research indicates doubling the boom height quadruples drift (Tharp, 2017). The difference is dependent on wind speed during application. By using a 36" boom height in the example above versus the recommended 20" drift was increased 1.8 times. That is why most agricultural spray information and manufacturer specification indicate operating the boom at the “minimum” practical height (Bretthauer, 2015; Cook, 2015; TeeJet Technologies, 2014; Tharp, 2017). As the boom height is increased, the distance the individual spray droplets must travel before they reach the target increases. This increase in distance, increases the time in which they are exposed to the wind, allowing them to be blown longer distances downwind (Bretthaurer, 2015). Operating a sprayer in 20 mph

wind speeds versus the label recommended 10 mph could cause another 70% increase in drift, 90 feet downwind (Cook, 2015). Accumulated Potential: If the applicator in the above example indicated a 1080 gallons tank would cover 158.67 acres, then the application rate is 1080/58.67 or 18.4 GPA. This application could have been performed at 8 mph and 40 psi; however, it could not be achieved at the 12 mph and 40 psi indicated in the example above (TeeJet Technologies, 2014). In fact, the applicator goes out and applies 247 gallons (1080 gallons – 833 gallons left in tank) to the 8.9 acres, 247 gal./8.9 ac = 27.8 GPA. Definitely is a large disparity between the applicators intended rate of application (18.4 GPA), the manufacturer’s specified rate (12.4 GPA), and the actual application rate of 27.8 GPA has occurred. There could be several reasons for this large discrepancy; regardless, the amount of product available for drift increased 1.5 times. Therefore, the A110005-VS nozzles were no longer able to deliver their specified output and their drift reduction capabilities were negated. The spray boom in the example above was twice as high as it should have been for drift reduction, thus doubling drift. The sprayer was outputting 1.5 times the product the applicator thought he was applying. The wind speed was double (20 mph) versus the label specified 10 mph, thus increasing drift by 70% (Cook, 2015). The resulting accumulated drift increased by 5.7 times, i.e., 2 (due to ht.) X 2 (due to wind speed)/ 0.70 = 5.7 times. If the AI10005- VS nozzles had not already been comprised in their drift reduction abilities by the 1.5 increase in output, most definitely a 5.7 additional increase, made drift inevitable. Wind Direction and Crop Sensitivity: Herbicide drift can occur with any herbicide. Nevertheless, the risk of damaging drift is directly

correlated to the level of susceptibility of the

non-target plant to the herbicide being applied

(Dexter, 1995). For this reason, wind direction is as important as wind speed. I have heard several people say when an ornamental crop has been severely injured, well the weeds are still there, so it could not have been spray drift (Fig. 1). Again, we are interested in the non-target crops sensitivity. In many cases the ornamental is far more susceptible to the herbicide than the perennial weeds in adjacent areas (Fig.1). Additionally, in a drift event one genus or species maybe impacted whereas another non-sensitive genus or species may

Fig. 3. Note the classic symptoms of dicamba injury on the Cercis canadensis with a darker green color, puckered appearance, marginal chlorosis and cupping with the upper leaf surface composing the outside of the cup (Picture by: H. Mathers, August 2017).

not (Fig. 2). Genus/species sensitivity also influences the severity of symptoms, their expression and manifestation (Fig. 3). It is because of the sensitivity of the non-target crop that many herbicide labels contain warnings about sensitive areas and desired vegetation including: 1) avoid application “under conditions favoring drift;” 2) take “extreme care… to avoid spray or drift onto the foliage or any other green tissue of desirable vegetation;” 3) “avoid contact … with foliage, green stems.. or “severe injury or destruction” will occur; 4) “only apply if wind direction favors on-target deposition and sensitive areas including non-target crops do not occur within 250 ft. downwind of application;” 5) “do not apply where spray drift may occur to… fruit trees and ornamentals;” 6) “avoid all direct and/or indirect spray contact with non-target plants;” and, 7) “make application when wind is blowing away from adjacent sensitive areas.” Depending on the sensitivity of non-target crop to the herbicide being sprayed, a realistic distance from the non-target crop maybe ½ mile (2640 ft.) (Successful Farming , 2018). Common sense suggests if you are spraying next to a sensitive area of high value, do not conduct the application unless wind speed is low, wind direction is blowing away from non-target crop, the boom is set as low as possible, drift reduction nozzles and retardants are used, all sprayer manufacturers recommendation for GPA, speed, psi are followed, plus the sensitive area is a considerable distance away. Other factors that cause drift will be discussed in upcoming articles in this series. Literature cited: Bretthauer, S. 2015. Boom height: Uniformity and drift. Farm Journal, Inc. -

AGPro. http://www.agprofessional.com/news/boom-height-uniformity-and-drift. Cook, T. 2015. Reducing herbicide spray drift. New South Wales. Department of Primary industry. http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/biosecurity/weeds/weed-control/herbicides/spray-drift

Degiorgo, F. and G. King. 1998. DuPont sulfonylurea herbicide spray drift

management fact sheet. Clemson University. p.1 https://www.clemson.edu/ extension/pest_ed/safety_ed_prog/drift/sulfonylurea.html

Dexter, A.G. 1995. Herbicide spray drift. North Dakota State University Extension Service EXT-A-657.

TeeJet. 2014. (http://www.teejet.com/literature_pdfs/catalogs/C51A/broadcast_nozzles.pdf).

Tharp, C. 2017. Avoiding Pesticide Drift. Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. http://pesticides.montana.edu/reference/drift.html.

➽HANNAH MATHERS, PhD, operates Mathers Environmental Science Services, LLC from Gahanna, Ohio and can be reached at www.mathersenvironmental.com and mathers326@gmail.com.

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Early OrdEr discOunts cOntact us fOr a frEE catalOg january 20 MNLA.BIZ

CAFFEINE BEAN

The

BEAN CHEERIEST

Faith Appelquist

iStock.com/subtropica

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MNLA.BIZ january 20

Faith Appelquist

The flowering branches of Coffea arabica. Flowers are highly scented and caffeinated to attract pollinators such as honeybees.

“HAVE NOT PLANTS served humans throughout our history just as they have served insects? Does the plant serve the gardener, or the gardener serve the plant?” – Claude Gudin, Nique Ta Botanique 1996 Every day, your mood, behavior and sleep may be dictated by a single plant. You probably start your day with a beloved cup of coffee. Why do we bother? Caffeine, that’s why; the mildly addictive stimulant found in abundance in coffee beans. Caffeine is not a food supplement. Rather, caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive stimulant in the world. Caffeine tricks you into feeling alert and awake, despite your body telling you it’s time to sleep. The body’s sleep chemical is adenosine, a naturally mellowing agent. It slows neurons and triggers a whole chain of events that lead eventually to sleep. Coffee drinkers feel alert because caffeine gets in the way of that process, replacing adenosine and tricking the brain into speeding up when it would otherwise be slowing down. Caffeine doesn’t actually give people energy; it just renders them less capable of feeling tired. Why is coffee caffeinated in the first place? Producing caffeine requires precious nitrogen that might otherwise be used for growth, so coffee trees make the most of their investment. They manufacture caffeine mainly in the most vulnerable tissues, the seeds. For without seeds, there is no plant. Plants don’t put caffeine into their seeds for our pleasure. They’re meant to be toxic, as indeed they are to a good many weeds, insects and fungi. The fruit, a reddish berry, produces caffeine, much of which

Faith Appelquist

Roasted and raw coffee seeds. Coffee berries contain two seeds, called “coffee beans”, though they are not true beans.

Faith Appelquist

Coffee fruits at various stages of ripeness. The purple berry is spoiled, the orange berry is too raw and the red berry is just perfect.

Coffee beans contain at least 800 other compounds in addition to caffeinemaking the daily cup, by some accounts, the most chemically complex food in the human diet. Most of coffee’s components have never been studied, so their health effects remain mysterious.

diffuses inward to the pair of seeds nestled inside. And those seeds not only receive caffeine, they make a concentration potent enough to fend off all but the hardiest attackers. Caffeine is so effective against such a broad range of pests, coffee wasn’t the only plant to think of it. The seeds of cacao (chocolate), guarana (Brazilian soda) and kola nut (Coke and Pepsi) also contain caffeine. It seems that wherever caffeine turns up in nature, people aren’t far behind holding up mugs. In essence, we are drinking a natural insecticide. Caffeine also shows up in flower nectar. This has long puzzled researchers. What is the point in putting insecticide into something designed to attract pollinators? At the right dosage, caffeine doesn’t repel pollinators, it keeps them coming back. Honeybees are three times more likely to remember and visit flowers dosed with caffeine. Honeybee brains work just like ours do - their reward pathways light up when they drink caffeine. For coffee trees, producing caffeinated flowers attracts a dedicated clientele of pollinators, lined up like morning commuters at their favorite espresso stand. The goal for any plant is to be fruitful and multiply. Our fondness for caffeine makes coffee beans the world’s second most traded commodity. Only oil futures generate more annual revenue. Coffee is now grown in 26 countries around the world. Not bad for starting out as a scrubby East African tree. ➽FAITH APPELQUIST is an ISA Board Certified Master Arborist, an ISA Municipal Specialist MN, and an ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist®. Faith can be reached at faith@treequality.com.

january 20 MNLA.BIZ

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PRUNING CLIPS

DECIDUOUS Shapes of Green of the

KIND

Robert E. Schutzki Department of Horticulture Michigan State University

This article was originally published in The Michigan Landscape magazine, a publication of the Michigan Nursery & Landscape Association.

PRUNING CLIPS is a series focused on mastering the art, science, and practice of pruning.

Figure 1: Geometric art forms.

Figure 3: Chicago.

Figure 2: Gardens at Villandry.

In a previous article Pruning Clips: Shapes of Green we took a look at geometric and other artistic forms in the landscape (Fig. 1). Villandry, in France, is a classic example of European gardens architecturally shaped by clipped rows, columns, and topiaries (Fig. 2). The artistry in these gardens is a tribute to the craftsmanship passed down through generations of horticulturists who knew what, when, where and how to cut. These time-honored horticultural skills continue and are ever popular in present day landscapes (Fig. 3 and 4). Narrow-leaved evergreens were and are traditionally the plant type of choice for geometric expression. Fine textured foliage, year-round color and short internodes lend themselves to developing uniform density, shaping horizontal and vertical lines and/or sculpting the flow of curves (Fig. 5). The fine textures and delicate foliage of some broad-leaved evergreens and deciduous plants also work well for maintaining geometric form (Fig. 6). The smaller leaf size and short internode length ease the transition from natural form into a more rigid geometric shape. This year, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Shapes of Greenâ&#x20AC;? goes beyond clipped yews and boxwood and takes a look at geometric expression on the larger deciduous plants in our palette (Fig. 7 and 8). Growth forms, branching patterns, internode length and leaf size of these plants often make it more difficult to achieve and maintain a desired geometric shape. When all of these characteristics are taken into consideration, a more january 20 MNLA.BIZ

PRUNING CLIPS

Figure 5: Uniform foliage density reinforcing geometric lines and curves.

Figure 4: San Francisco.

Figure 6: Fine textured broad-leaved evergreens and deciduous plants.

logical decision may be to choose a different species or abandon it entirely. Some species are favorable to the manipulation (Fig. 9) and some species are not (Fig. 10). Understanding the natural form of these species is paramount to achieving success. Where branches originate, their positioning in the crown, branch density, leaf size and their arrangement are important considerations when approaching deciduous plants with the intent of altering their natural being. Seasonal stem elongation and internode length also play a part in developing a pruning strategy as does light and its influences on future bud development. Pruning these plants requires thoughtful planning to avoid creating holes (Fig. 11) or distorted crowns (Fig. 12). And finally, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Every cut initiates a response; every cut leads to a set of

Figure 7: Miss Kim Lilac.

Figure 8: Shade tree.

Figure 10: Ninebark's natural form does not respond well to geometric manipulation.

Figure 9: Crabapple. 20

MNLA.BIZ january 20

Figure 11: Holes in the outer crown.

Figure 12: Distorted crown.

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PRUNING CLIPS

Figure 14: A geometrically shaped Miss Kim lilac in bloom.

Figure 13: Crabapple's response to heading.

consequences.â&#x20AC;? All pruning involves two cuts, heading and/or thinning. Heading cuts are made directly above a bud and initiate a vigorous response from buds behind the cut. Heading is often used to shape a crown only to have the shoots return due to the stimulated growth. Thinning refers to cutting a stem back to its point of origin. Thinning can be used to reduce overall size and open a crown to light without the growth stimulation caused by heading. Pruning to a geometric form employs heading cuts more so than thinning, with shearing the preferred method of choice. However, note that on deciduous plants, the growth response to shearing tends to initiate sooner as well as being more in line with the normal shoot elongation of the species, resulting in outliers soon after pruning is completed (Fig. 13). Small stature deciduous plants usually conform well to the intensity of geometric pruning. The combination of small leaves, short internodes and fine branching serves the desired outcome well. The Miss Kim lilacs in Fig. 14 and 15 provide a good example of the suitability of this species both in and out of bloom. Crabapples are an extremely popular species for geometric shaping, although the results may not always be considered an art form. The slightest irregularity in branching patterns is noticed. Position of the branches has a lot to do with the ability to develop and maintain perfect geometry. It seems to be plant specific, it works in some cases (Fig. 16) and not in others (Fig. 17 and 18). There are also many crabapple examples where the crowns have been destroyed by attempts at geometric expression (Fig. 19 and 20). Weeping plants tend not to benefit from geometric shaping. Basically, it is due to the irregularity of the 22

MNLA.BIZ january 20

Figure 15: A mature Miss Kim lilac.

Figure 16: Relatively uniform crown.

Figure 17: Lopsided crown.

Figure 18: Lopsided geometry.

Figure 19: Crown distortion.

Figure 20: Flat-topped crabapple.

Figure 21: Weeping Cherry.

Figure 22: Weeping Crabapple.

Figure 24: Doublefile Viburnum.

Figure 25: Burning bush.

Figure 23: Weeping Mulberry.

Figure 27: Geometric Mastery.

branching structure and a tendency not to develop symmetrically even with a little coaching from pruning shears. Lopsided crowns and irregular outlines tend to be the rule when trying to bring weeping plants into some geometric shape (Fig. 21 and 22). This can be further complicated by large leaves and coarse branching structure like that found on Weeping Mulberry (Fig. 23). Natural form, coarse branching structure and lopsided shoot development often prevent many of our shrub species from conforming to geometric shaping (Fig. 24 and 25). Inadequate environmental condition, poor vigor and repeated shearing can also take their toll on the appearance of these plants (Fig. 26). We often laugh at geometric shapes in our landscapes and refer to them as hockey pucks, nose cones, meatballs, and other not-so-complimentary words. However, look at the form, the exactness of the shape and the precision in which it is done (Fig. 27). Mastering geometric expression is having the ability to cut, step back, shape, and fine tune with precision. Mastering geometric expression with a saw, lopper and hand shears is a treasured horticultural skill. The horticultural craftsmanship born in the Renaissance is alive and well in the 21st Century. My hats off to the people behind the tools (well, maybe not all, but certainly many). â&#x17E;˝ DR. ROBERT SCHUTZKI is an Associate Professor in the Department of Horticulture at MSU. His research interests include plant exploration, plant evaluation and landscape development. Figure 26: Inadequate conditions, poor vigor and repeated pruning.

All photos used in this article are used by permission of Robert Schutzki and may not be reused in any way without express written permission. january 20 MNLA.BIZ

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thrips MANAGEMENT IN GREENHOUSE

Vera Krischik University of Minnesota

january 20 MNLA.BIZ

THRIPS

hrips are the worst pests in greenhouses as they have short generation time and are resistant to many insecticides, which permits thrips to reach high population size very fast. Thrips are in the order Thysanoptera, which means fringe wings. Thrips are tiny, slender insects with two pairs of feather-like, long, narrow wings, which have few or no veins and bear fringes of long, fine hairs along their margins. The wings are held parallel along the back when at rest. Immature forms of thrips are wingless. Colors vary from white to straw yellow to brown. Many species of thrips are commonly found in greenhouses: greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis), Eastern flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici), Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), and chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis). Thrips feed by puncturing the outer layer of Nymphs are whitish to slightly yellowish in leaf and sucking out the cell contents, causing color and produce a globule of fecal fluid at stippling and silvering of the leaf surface as the tip of their abdomen. These globules of well as damage to flower and fruit. Thrips fluid increase result in black specks on foliage. can be noticed by the black spots of feces that THERE IS they leave behind on leaves. Western flower Monitoring thrips vector virus that prevent the plant from If you want to monitor only for adult thrips, NEVER ONE flowering and growing. use the blue sticky cards. To monitor for a THRIPS wider range of flying greenhouse pests such Life cycle as winged aphids, whiteflies, and fungus Eggs are laid on leaves. Thrips hatch from an gnats, use yellow sticky cards. The numegg and develop into larval that feed and then ber of thrips per card should be recorded turn into non-feeding prepupa and pupa, weekly and graphed to detect trends. This before becoming an adult. In Western flower information will help you decide whether a thrips, the pale prepupae and pupae drop to population is increasing or decreasing and the soil or leaf litter. Greenhouse thrips assist you in correctly timing your pesticide pupate on the lower leaf surfaces. Thrips may applications. have 8 generations a year in a greenhouse, with the life cycle from egg to adult taking 2 Trap counts and tolerance levels weeks. The adults can survive from 30 to 45 Adult thrips can also be monitored by hangdays. Female thrips lay 150 to 300 eggs. ing bright yellow sticky traps in or near host

NEWS & NOTES

MNLA.BIZ january 20

Student Scholarship Fundraising Campaign to Honor Dr. Terry Ferriss

Wisconsin-River Falls

chair; and the first

for the Horticulture

honored as an ASHS

(UWRF), after 36 years

woman to serve as an

National Certification

Fellow. Terry and her

of teaching. She was

associate dean for the

Board, chaired the

husband Ron,

the first tenured

college. Terry was very

Teaching Methods

currently reside in

A fundraising effort is

female faculty

active with ASHS

Working Group, served

Southeastern

underway to raise

member in the College

during her academic

on the ASHS

Minnesota. In their

$50,000 to establish a

of Agriculture and

career. She served on

Scholarship

retirement, they have

new scholarship fund

Environmental

the leadership group

Committee; and was a

been enjoying the

to honor Dr. Terry

Sciences at UWRF; the

in establishing the

member and chair of

opportunities to

Ferriss. Dr. Ferriss

first woman to serve

Certified Horticulturist

the Collegiate

garden, travel, bike,

retired in 2015 from

as the Plant and Earth

Program, served as a

Activities Committee.

and spend time with

the University of

Sciences Department

member and the chair

In 2012, she was

their children and

1. Top: Scarring injuries to flower petals on

2. Top: Thrips damage on eggplant.

3. Bottom: Tomato spotted wilt (TSWV) damage on

sweetpea. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University,

J. Guyot, INRA, Pointe-à-Pitre, Bugwood.org.

tomato. G. Marchoux, INRA Station de Pathologie

Bugwood.org.

Végétale, Bugwood.org.

4. Multiple life stages and damage.

5. Thrips foliage damage. Gerald

6. Greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips

Robert Dzwonkowski, Bugwood.org.

Holmes, California Polytechnic State

haemorrhoidalis). Whitney Cranshaw.

7. Western flower thrips

(Image also on page 27).

University at San Luis Obispo, Bugwood.org.

8. Eastern flower thrips (Frankliniella

9. Adult chilli thrips

10. Chilli thrips damage causing

11. Chilli thrips damage causing reddening

tritici). Public Domain Photo.

(Scirtothrips dorsalis).

curling of leaves. Florida Division of

of the leaves. Matthew Chappell, University of

Andrew Derksen, USDA-APHIS,

Plant Industry, Florida Dept of Agriculture

Georgia, Bugwood.org.

Bugwood.org.

and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org.

(Frankliniella occidentalis). Frank Peairs, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org.

grandchildren.

success through her

in building a well-

are now all over the

Scholarship committee

Following Terry’s

teaching and advising.

recognized and

horticulture industry.”

for 14 years. She was

retirement, UWRF

She engaged students

respected horticulture

said Dr. Chad Miller,

also a strong advocate

alumni joined forces

in their education not

program at UWRF.

professor at Kansas

for student internships

with AFE to establish a

only in the classroom,

Local, regional, and

State University and

and she served as the

new scholarship to

but also through

national horticulture

UWRF alumnus.

director of the college

forever honor Ferriss

educational trips to

companies regularly

Terry was a devoted

internship program for

and her devotion to

experience the industry

turned to her to

faculty advisor and

many years. Terry was

horticulture and the

first hand and with

recruit highly qualified

supporter of the

instrumental in

floral industry. “Dr.

undergraduate

horticulturists. Terry

American Floral

assisting students find

Ferriss was dedicated

research opportunities.

impacted hundreds of

Endowment Vic &

and apply for

to ensuring student

She was instrumental

students at UWRF, who

Margaret Ball Intern

scholarships and

➽ CONT'D on page 44

january 20 MNLA.BIZ

THRIPS

plants. Anywhere above 10 thrips/card a week are a threshold for which cultural, chemical, and biocontrol must be applied. Trap counts and keeping records are meaningful in two ways. Keeping records over time will provide information on what direction the population is changing and at what rate. This information is useful in determining the efficacy of a treatment or control measure. Tolerance levels or damage thresholds determine the damage that is likely to occur at a particular population level. Tolerance levels will vary depending upon the crop, its stage of growth, local market standards and whether or not either INSV or TSWV are present at the site. Record thrips counts on cards and correlate this information to the damage you see on your crops. Begonias and poinsettias are have damage thresholds of around 10 thrips on a card. However, if INSV or TSWV is present, the tolerance levels for thrips is zero and a strict thrips control program should be implemented. Biological control Biological control can only work when thrips populations are low, less than 10 per yellow sticky card. Higher numbers must be treated with both insecticide and biocontrol tactics. The predatory phytoseid mites, Amblyseius cucumeris, A. swirskii, Macrocheles robustulu, and Hypoaspis miles are used for immature thrips control. Like thrips, they prefer small niches where contact between predator and prey is likely even without specific searching. The mites establish themselves on leaves, usually on the undersides, and are most effective in attacking thrips. These predators feed on pollen when thrips populations are low and must be introduced before a thrips population has built up to damaging levels. Amblyseius swirskii and some strains of A. cucumeris do not undergo diapause and can be released during the short days of winter. Temperature is critical with A. swirskii since it is not active below 59°F. Release one to five predaceous mites per square foot of growing area. Release rates vary depending on the species predatory mite that is used. The mite Hypoaspis miles can be released in the soil for pupae and fungus gnat management. Amblyseius swirksi mites arrive from insectaries in sachets that are placed on plants, often found inside hanging baskets in the summer. The sachets need to be deployed when thrips populations are 10 or lower for each yellow card. 30

MNLA.BIZ january 20

Predatory true bugs in the genus Orius (minute pirate bugs) are commercially available for thrips control. Pirate bugs are voracious, reproduce well in greenhouses, and attack all stages of thrips. Pirate bugs are released onto ornamental pepper plants that are in flower which serve as a banker plant attracting the thrips and harboring the predators. Recent research reported that the cultivar “Purple Flash” was more effective as a banker plant than the ornamental pepper variety “Black Pearl” which has been used over the past few years for this purpose. About 60–80 pirate bugs can be released per flowering pepper plant. Also, use lacewing larvae, Chrysoperla to control thrips. Several pathogens can control thrips. Be sure to test a small sample of nematodes before using to make sure that the nematodes are alive. Parasitic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora can be sprayed on the soil surface or the foliage. Steinernema feltiae is primarily used against fungus gnat larvae and thrips pupae in the soil. Once they find their prey, the nematodes will enter through an opening like the mouth or anus of the insect. Inside, the nematodes release a bacteria that kills the insect. The nematodes reproduce inside the insect, and then emerge through the decaying body. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana can be applied as a fine mist spray over soil and foliage to control thrips in greenhouses. The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is also available. Insecticides When applying insecticides for thrips control, use a droplet size that is less than 100 microns in diameter to attain contact that is more effective. Also, apply insecticides every two to three weeks before peak thrips activity to ensure control of adults before they begin to lay eggs. When thrips populations are high, insecticide application should be every 7 days. Rotate among classes of insecticides to delay the development of resistance. Research suggests using an insecticide for two to three weeks, then switching to an insecticide in another class. There is no single insecticide that will provide total thrips control. See the insecticide table. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as Flagship®, Safari® and Tristar®, have shown effectiveness against thrips in the past. Mesurol® was one of the more effective products

for thrips control, but results have been more inconsistent in recent years. Avid® (abamectin) can be tank mixed with an insect growth regulator (IGR), such as Azatin® O or AzaGuard, and applied as a foliar spray two times, seven days apart. IGRs, insect growth regulators for immatures and are generally used in combination with adulticides and after a good knockdown has been achieved with other products. IGR labeled for trips control are Pedestal (novaluron), Enstar®, and Fulcrom®, Distance® (pyriproxifen). Pyridaly (Overture®), Kontos® (spirotetramat), and Aria® (flocidamid) are slow acting and are for suppression, not knock down. Thrips control in the soil for WFT pupae are a combination of IGR, nematodes, and microbial products. Nematodes Steinernema feltiae control the pupal stages of thrips in the soil, such as western flower thrips, but not greenhouse thrips that pupate on leaves. Applications to the soil every two to three weeks of Distance® (pyriproxyfen) + Talsatr® (bifenthrin), BotaniGard® (Beauveria bassiana), Preferal® (Isaria), Met52® (Metarhyzium), and Grandevo® (Chromobacterium). Western flower thrips In Western flower thrips, the pale prepupae and pupae drop to the soil or leaf litter. Western flower thrips (WFT) are probably the most serious pest of floriculture crops in the world and is native to the Southern US. WFT damage plants directly by feeding and laying eggs on the plant, and indirectly by acting as vectors for tospoviruses such as tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV). Seven species of thrips are vectors for TSWV, but the only confirmed vector for INSV is WFT. WFT acquire tospoviruses by feeding on infected host plants during the two larval instars and remain infected for life. Adult WFT, however, are not infected by feeding on tospovirus-infected plants because tospoviruses pass right through the gut. As a result, tospoviruses do not enter the salivary fluid and, thus, cannot infect plants. Several host plants are susceptible to both and INSV, but it is important to note that not all plants susceptible to TSWV or INSV are hosts for WFT. Although WFT may probe non-host plants, they do not continue to feed and do not lay eggs. If thrips do not lay eggs (even though that plant is susceptible to tospovirus), that particular plant is not considered as a reservoir for either tospovirus. A complete host list for WFT has not been established, but finding any WFT larvae

Table 1. Pesticides labeled for thrips in greenhouses. Mode of Action Number

Common Name

Trade Name

acephate

1300 Orthene® TR, Orthene® TT&O, Orthene® TT&O 97

chlorpyrifos

DuraGuard® ME

1B and 3

chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin

Duraplex® TR

bifenthrin

Talstar® Select, Attain® TR

cyfluthrin

Decathlon® 20 WP

3 and 27A

pyrethrins and PBO (piperonyl butoxide)

Pyrethrum TR, Pyronyl™ Crop Spray

methiocarb

Mesurol® 75-W

imidacloprid

Marathon® II, 1% Granular, 60 WP and many others

6 and 20D

Floramite (bifenazate) and abemectin

Siroco

kinoprene

Enstar® AQ IGR for immatures, use in combination with knock down insecticide.

pyriproxifen

Distance IGR for immatures, use in combination with knock down insecticide.

novaluron

Pedestal IGR for immatures, use in combination with knock down insecticide.

18B

azadirachtin (neem)

Aza-Direct®, Azatin® XL, Neemix 4.5 IGR for immatures, use in combination with knock down insecticide.

spinosad

Conserve® SC

abamectin

Avid® 0.15EC, Abamectin E pro, Flora-Mek™ 0.15 EC and others

chlorfenapyr

Pylon®

spirotetramat

Kontos®

cyantraniliprole

Mainspring®

flonicamid

Aria®

unknown

pyridalyl

Overture®

beneficial fungus

Beauveria bassiana

Botanigard® ES, 22WP

beneficial fungus

Isaria fumosorosea

Preferal™

beneficial fungus

Chromo bacterium subtsuggae Grandevo®

beneficial nematode

Steinernema

desiccator membrane disruptors

horticultural oil

Ultra-Pure® Oil

Mention of a pesticide does not constitute an endorsement of any product and any omission from this list is unintentional. The pesticide label is the ultimate authority for pesticide use. IRAC numbers: The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (www.irac-online.org) has assigned IRAC numbers for each chemical class, and these numbers are on labels to make it easier to rotate classes of insecticides and prevent resistance. New England Greenhouse Floriculture Guide, A Management Guide for Insects, Diseases, Weeds and Growth Regulators. https://ag.umass.edu/greenhouse-floriculture/ publications-resources/new-england-greenhouse-floriculture-guide

during plant inspections serves as warning that control measures are needed. The Agdia QTA-Tospo test kit, manufactured by Agdia Incorporated, Elkhart, Indiana uses a linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the presence of specific viral proteins in the sample tissue. Separate kits are available from Agdia to detect TSWV and INSV. Another option for detecting tospoviruses is to send a plant sample to a plant disease diagnostic clinic. Samples may be

sent to the University of Minnesota Plant Disease Clinic, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108. Blue cultivars of petunia plants (Petunia x hybrida) are excellent early indicators for the presence of WFT feeding and the transmission of tospoviruses because petunias are not systemically infected with either TSWV or INSV. In response to a tospovirus infection, petunias show a hypersensitive response. To set up a monitoring program using

petunias, remove flowers from the indicator plants before placing them in greenhouses because petunia flower petals do not express local lesions and attract WFT away from the leave. Flag the indicator plants with blue pie pans or metal sheets to increase the effectiveness of the indicator plants since WFT are more sensitive to blue than to other colors. Look for WFT feeding scars, which are whitish and have an irregular outline. Brown or black-edged lesions will develop on the january 20 MNLA.BIZ

THRIPS

edges of thrips feeding scars within 3 days if a tospovirus has been transmitted. Greenhouse thrips In Greenhouse thrips, the pale prepupae and pupae stay on the leaves. This species is native to South America, but was first described as a species in 1833 from specimens found in a greenhouse in Europe. It now is found worldwide in humid climates, either in tropical regions or in greenhouses. In the U.S. it can be found living outdoors along the southern states from Florida to California and in greenhouses throughout the country.

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MNLA.BIZ january 20

Invasive chilli thrips Chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) attack new foliage growth, and deform and discolor foliage. Chilli thrips are much smaller than western flower thrips and difficult to distinguish from other thrips species without the aid of a compound microscope. Adults are pale with dark wings and less than 2mm in length and immatures are also pale in color and resemble the immatures of many other thrips species. Chilli thrip is native to Southeast Asia and is an important pest of crops in tropical and subtropical regions. In 2005 a population of this pest was first detected in the United States on landscape roses in Florida. In November 2007, chilli thrips were identified on landscape roses in Houston. Chilli thrips have also been detected on a number of ornamental and vegetable plants in retail stores in Northeast and South Texas. Attacks and causes significant damage to over 100 vegetable, ornamental, and fruit crops, particularly peppers, eggplant, and tomatoes. The life cycle of chilli thrips is similar to that of other common thrips species, such as the western flower thrips. Chilli thrips feeding causes leaf, bud, and fruit bronzing. Damaged leaves may curl upward and appear distorted. Infested plants become stunted or dwarfed and leaves may detach from the stem at the petioles in some plant species. If you want to learn more about using biocontrol to manage thrips and other pests in greenhouses, please check out the 2020 Greenhouse IPM Workshop scheduled for late February. Registration information is online at www.mnla.biz. ➽ DR. VERA KRISCHIK is an Associate Professor and Extension Specialist in the Department of Entomology at the University of Minnesota and can be reached at krisc001@umn.edu.

2020 GREEN INDUSTRY DAY ON THE HILL Wednesday, March 4th

Join green industry professionals from around the state for a day of information-sharing and advocacy! Our Day on the Hill is a critical opportunity for YOU to build relationships with elected officials and raise awareness about issues impacting your business, workforce, and the industry as a whole. Members of MNLA’s Government Affairs Team and Day on the Hill veterans will guide you through the day’s events, helping foster connections between attendees and ensuring you’re prepared for successful legislative meetings.

Event Schedule:

Best Western Plus Capitol Ridge (formerly Kelly Inn) • 8:00-8:30 – Check-in & Complimentary Continental Breakfast • 8:30-9:20 – Issue & Advocacy Orientation • 9:20-9:45 – Team Breakout Sessions Capitol Complex, Senate & State Office Buildings • 9:45-4:00 – Meetings with your elected officials

Be sure to register by this year’s deadline – Friday, February 21st!

Registrations can be submitted electronically by visiting the Day on the Hill event page on the MNLA.biz event calendar.

We look forward to advocating alongside you to grow results in government affairs! Thanks to our MNLA Government Affairs Program Sponsor:

GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS

Come Visit the Legislative Action Center at Northern Green! Forrest Cyr

MNLA Government Affairs Director

We invite you to join us! At Northern Green 2020, Minnesota Nursery & Landscape

Association members and attendees will have the opportunity to learn more about MNLA advocacy, network with colleagues, and meet with members of the Minnesota House and Senate at the Legislative Action Center, located on the show floor. To most effectively advocate for priorities essential to the Green Industry, we encourage members to get involved in ongoing government affairs and grassroots advocacy efforts. Your expertise and involvement are essential to our legislative success! MNLA invites members of the Minnesota House and Senate to the Legislative Action Center during the busiest times of the trade show, to allow attendees to connect with these policy makers. With the 2020 Minnesota legislative session beginning on February 11, 2020, the timing is ideal for members to connect with their elected officials at Northern Green and encourage passage of important industry priorities. At the booth, you can learn more about MNLA’s 2020 legislative agenda, learn about policy work done during the interim, engage with association staff about grassroots member involvement opportunities, and connect with invited elected officials from across Minnesota. This session, MNLA is working on a host of topics critical to the green industry in Minnesota, including salt liability transfer reform, “Duty to Defend” subcontractor legislation, irrigation backflow maintenance reform, emerald ash borer funding, and other topics important to members and their businesses. This is your one-stop-shop for green industry advocacy and MNLA Government Affairs. Visiting the Legislative Action Center at Northern Green is just one of many opportunities this year to share

MNLA Government Affairs Director explains to a member how to place a pin on the issue tracking map at the 2019 Legislative Action Center during Northern Green.

your expertise with members of the Minnesota House and Senate on topics related to your success as a green industry professional. On March 4, 2020, join your fellow MNLA members for Day on the Hill, the annual day of advocacy for the association. The Minnesota Nursery & Landscape is honored to advocate for you and your business at the Minnesota State Capitol. Your participation in our legislative outreach is vital for our success.

➽ TO STAY UP-TO-DATE on all things Government Affairs, sign up for MNLA’s Grassroots eNews by sending an email to forrest@mnla.biz!

MNLA.BIZ january 20

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