Forgotten Hero Of Asia by minnhein khant

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================================================================================ rsufeSmzHk; eSifh aemufa}umzHk; tifwmeufwGif wifoGif;jzef hcsDaom Tpmrl. rsufemS zHk;rSm OD;atmifxl; t*Fvdyb f mom jzifh jyKpkaom “Tin Maung Oo: A Forgotten Hero of Asia” . rl&if;rsufemS zH;k jzpfygonf? xdkenf;wl Tpmtkyef Sifh pyfvSsOf; I jAdwdoSs 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; *dk'ef ba&mif;/ ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Caucas (AIPMC) . 'k OuUX Kraisak Choonhaven/ ordkif;ynm&Sif ygarmuQ *sdL;Zuf aq;vfAm; pwdkif; eSifh tar&duef jynfaxmifprk S David Kramer (Former Assistant Secretary of State and Executive Director of Freedom House) wdk h.oabmxm;rSwfcsuf rsm; az:jyxm;cJhonfh aemufa}umzHk;rSmvnf; tqdkyg pmtkyfryS if jzpfygonf? trsdL;om;'Drku d a&pD tzGJ hcsKyfrS q&m}uD; OD;0if;wif. oabmxm;rSwfcsufudkrl txl;tom;ay;I 4if;. rl&if;a&;om;xm;csuf twdkif; t*Fvdyb f momjzifhyif pmtkyf. a&S hqHk;ae&mwGif az:jyxm;ygonf?

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Forgotten Political Prisoners of Burma’s Gulag Archipelagos

About 35 years ago, a hero of Burma, a hero of Asia, Salai Tin Maung Oo, was murdered in Insein Jail, the most notorious prison in the whole world. Salai Tin Maung Oo was a university student of the Chin nationality, a great lover of humanity, freedom, justice and peace. As a student leader, he was at logger’s head with the military rulers. He led many student demonstrations. At long last, he was arrested and sentenced to death. Then he was sent to the gallows. He is the very first student leader to be hanged during the time of Ne Win’s military dictatorship. He was dead. Unsung. Activists used to say Salai Tin Maung Oo had done a great service to the cause of liberty and democracy. He is a hero. But he is a forgotten hero of Burma. This was not true when I was put behind bars. When I was put behind bars, already two decades had gone since Salai Tin Maung Oo was hanged. Nevertheless, the legend of Salai Tin Maung Oo was the talk of the prison. He was still a legendary hero among us political prisoners. His name, his strifes, his struggles, his sacrifices are lavishly talked about among us. Nowadays, thanks to the thorough and investigative research and lovingly care-intensive prose by the author, U Aung Htoo, Salai Tin Maung Oo is no more a forgotten hero. His life and struggles are unveiled to the people of Burma, Asia, and the world over. He now becomes an icon of all the political prisoners in Burma. While one of the most submerged and unknown figures in Burmese history is unveiled for the first time, there still are more than two thousand political prisoners languishing in various dirty, unhealthy and narrow cells in the gulags, which are widely scattered over Burma. All those political prisoners are serving terms ranging over 100 years to over 30, 40, 50, 60 years, and so forth. Some of those political prisoners’ names crop up sometimes in the overseas media. The media reports just mention their names, not their living conditions. Hence, they virtually are forgotten prisoners anyhow. 6

Over two thousand political prisoners are here in Burma now. There are many kinds of demands for their release; political resolutions, appeals, requests, prayers, etc. to no avail. Recently the so-called civilian government, headed by Thein Sein, formerly a general and prime minister of the military junta, decreed an amnesty order reducing one year for every prisoner. It is a big political joke. A great shame for the country. A huge insult on top of injury. The whole world has cursed the half-military government in diplomacy-coated language. The shameless government remains unperturbed, looking foolish to the whole wide world. There are over two thousand forgotten political prisoners waiting in the gulags of Burma. Where are authors, writers, poets like Aung Htoo? Authors wanted; writers wanted; poets wanted for each and every forgotten political prisoner of Burma. You are highly welcomed. Come ye all. For the moment, Aung Htoo is more than good enough. He has done his best. ~U Win Tin National League for Democracy

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oabmwloGm;onf? 4if;wdk@&Gmudk jyefa&mufvmaomtcg aq;q&mu vlemudk aq;wpfvHk;xdk;ay;+yD; pm;aq;tcsK@d ay;um ta=umaq; ay;xm; cJhonf? odk@aomf ESpf&uf=umaomtcgwGif vlemtrsKd;orD; aoqHk;oGm;jcif;a=umifh udkwifarmifOD; tawmfyif pdwfxdckdufcpH m;cJh&onf? usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifah &Smufrr_ sm; ay;Ekid fjcif; r&Sdjcif;a=umifh jrefrmEkdifiH. qif;&Jom;vlxkwdk@ toufwdkae&jcif;udk udkwifarmifOD;u udk,fawG@}uHKcJh&jcif;jzpfonf? aoqHk;oltrsK;d orD;wGif aqGrsK;d r&Scd Jhacs? udkwifarmifOD;ESifh &Gmom;tcsdK@u tokbcs&ef pDpOf=u+yD; tavmif;wGif;wl;&eftwGuf ocFsKdif;ukef;odk@ oGm;a&muf cJh=uonf? ocFsKdif;ukef;ESifhywfoufvmv#if udkwifarmifOD;. twef;az:rSm t,lonf;+yD; tenf;i,fa=umufwwfol jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh tavmif;udk ajrjr‡Kyf&mwGif yg0ifulnDjcif; r&SdbJ ta0;wae&mu &yfum ajrjr‡Kyfjcif; jrefjref +yD;apzdk@twGuf wwGwfwGwfvkyaf ecJhonf? udkwifarmifOD; ajrwGif;wl;ae&if;u (4)ayteufavmuf a&mufonfh tcgwGif ol.a*:jym;ESifhtwl qHyifrsm;/ t&kd;rsm;ESifh tusôprsm; ygvmcJhonf? Ta'owGif qif;&Jom;rsm;udk ajrjr‡Kyf o+*FKvf&mY tkwf*w l dkifrsm; xm;&Sdavh r&Sd=uacs? xdk@a=umifhvnf; 4if;wdk@u ae&ma[mif;wpfckudk wl;az:rdcJhjcif; jzpfonf? TwGif udkwifarmifOD;. oli,fcsif;rSm aoG;qkwfoGm;um ‚0d^mOfq;dk rsm;‛ol@qo D dk@ rvmEkid fap&eftwGuf bk&m;pmrsm;udk &Gwfavawmhonf? vGecf Jhonfh (3)ESpu f tqkwfema&m*ga=umifh aoqHk;oGm;cJhol rdef;uav;wpfOD;. tavmif;udk Tae&mY jr‡KyfESHxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? c&pf,mefbmom0if jzpfonfEiS fhtnD a=umuf&H@G jcif; (odk@r[kwf) t,lonf;jcif; wpHw k &m r&Sdaom wifarmifOD;u txl;taxG pOf;pm;raebJ tavmif;aumifukd vuf&daS e&mYyif jr‡Kyfvkdufonf? ‚vlaoaumifrsm;onf rnfonfht&mudkr# odEdik fprG f; r&Sdawmh‛[k c&pf,mef usrf;pmY qdkxm;onf r[kwfavm? (a'oemusrf; 9;5) usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifah &SmufrE_ Sifh tjcm;aom ulnDaxmufyHrh r_ sm; uif;rJhae&onfh &Gmol&o G m;rsm;tay: tvGe*f &k%moufcJh&aom udkwifarmifOD;onf 4if;awG@}uHKcJh&aom tqdkygtjzpftysufrsm;udk ol.rdom;pk0if rsm;tm; r=umc% ajymajyavh&dcS Jhonf? vltrsm;wkd@. usef;rma&;qdkif&m ta&;ay: tajctaewGif vdktyfaom jyKpkukor_udk ay;Ekid fjcif; r&SdonfEiS fh ywfoufI awG;rdwkdif; udkwifarmifOD; pdwfqif;&JcJh&onf? Todk@jzifh vkyt f m;ay; oufwrf;rSm (2)vjynfhoGm;cJhonf? wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; ae&yfjyef&rnfhae@rSm tm;vHk;twGuf 0rf;enf;p&m ae@wpfae@ jzpfcJhonf? 0rf;enf;rsuf&nf uscJh&olrsm;vnf; r&Sm;yg? &Gmol&mG om; rsm;onf aiG;a=u;tm;jzifh csK@d iJh=uaoma=umifh 4if;wdk@wGi&f aSd om aumufn‡if;qefrsm;/ i&kwfoD;ajcmufrsm;ESifh yJrsm;udk ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifhtwl twif;xnfhay;=uonf? &Gmom;rsm;. qif;&JErG f;yg;r_ tajctae tvHk;pHu k dk od&dx S m;aom udkwifarmifOD;url 4if;wdk@xHrS bmwpfckr# ,lroGm;vdkay? odk@aomf &Gmom;rsm;u twif;xnfhay;=uonf? udkwifarmifOD;ESifh ol. twef;az:wdk@onf vkyt f m;ay;umvrsm;wGif woufwm tawG@t}uHKrsm; &&SdcJh=uonf? 4if;wkd@u tm;oGecf Gepf u kd f pmoifjyay;cJhonfrsm;. tusK;d &vm'fudk awG@}uHKcHpm; &onfrSm =unfE;l p&m taumif;qHk;yifjzpfonf? 4if;wdk@a=umifh &Gmol&mG om;tawmfrsm;rsm;onf pm a&;wwf/ zwfwwf/ tajccH *%ef;ocsmFrsm;udk wwfvmcJh+yDjzpfonf? vkyt f m;ay; umvtwGif;wGif wifarmifOD;ESifh oli,fcsif;rsm;onf &Gmol&mG om;rsm;. ae@pOfb0 tajctaersm;udk awG@}uHKcJh&+yD; 4if;wdk@ todkif;t0kdif;wGif aexdkif&jcif;. vl@oabmobm0udk od&dcS Jh&onf? ordkif;rwdkifrD acwfumv vlaer_b0rsm;ESifh tawmfyif qifwlaom &Gmom;rsm;. &k;d &Sif;onfh ae@pOfb0rsm;udk vnf;aumif;/ 4if;wdk@. ae@pOftawG@t}uHKrsm;ay: tajccHum qif;&JErG f;yg;ae&jcif; tajctaersm;ESifhpyfv#O;f 34

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udkwifarmifOD;eSifh oli,fcsif; wpkvHk;rSm &kwfw&uf rSifoufro d vdk jzpfoGm;}uonf? trSwfwrJh bmjyefajym &rSe;f rodcJh}u? rdrw d dk@udk tovGwf &efpaejyD [k odvdkufonf? c%av; }umjyD;aemuf udw k ifarmifOD;u ‚igwdk hem;ryif;bl;? pum;ajym&if; vrf;avSsmufvm}uvdk hrif;wD;wJh [Gef;udk r}um;wm?rif; pum;ajym&if aumif;aumif;ajymyg‛ [k jyefajymonf? *spfum;xJrS vli,fu ‚aumif;aumif; rajymawmh bmjzpfvJ? --- jzpfvm;? rif;ubmaumifvJ csjcifvdk@vm;?‛ [k qdkum tqdkyg vli,fu *spfum;ay:uae atmufudkqif;um um;ab;wGif &yfjyD; udkwifarmifOD; udk pl;pl;0g;0g; }unfhvdkufonf? vrf;oGm;vrf;vmawG a&m aqmif0if;xJ&Sd rdef f;cav;awGuyg wckckjzpfawmhrnfudk pd;k &drjf yD; 0dkif;}unfhae}uonf? udkwifarmifOD; twGufrl onfvdk yGJrsdL;rSm &dk;aeygjyD? cyfat;at;yif rwfwyf&yfvdkufjyD; ‚iguawmh rcsjcifygbl;? rif; csjcif&if vmavuGm? vmprf;}unfhaygh‛ [k wkef hjyef vdkufonf? wa,muf wa,mufjcif; jzpfaeojzifh rdrdwdk holi,fcsif;awGuvnf; udkwifarmifOD; bmvkyrf vJ onftwdkif; }unfhaevdkufonf? 0ifa&mufulnDp&mrvdk [kvnf; ,Hk}unfonf? *spfum;xJwGif xdkifae}uaom wzufu vli,ftyk fonfvnf; xdkenf;twdkif;yif jzpfyHk&onf? bmrS 0ifrajymbJ tomyif }unfhae }uonf? *spfum;ay:u qif;vmjyD; &efpum;ajymaom vli,frmS 4if;udk,fwdkifu a'goxGufaeoavmufudkwifarmifOD;u cyfat;at;yHak y:aeojzifh rdef;cav;rsm;eSifh vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm; a&S hwGif &SufoGm;yHk &onf? &Suf&rf;&rf;onfh taejzifh *spfum;xJudk vufedKS ufI ypPnf;wckudk xkwf,ljyD; udkwifarmifOD;udkcsdef&G,fum yg;pyfuvnf; }udr;f armif;&if; udkwifarmifOD; &yfae&modk hwvSr;f jcif; avSsmufvmonf? ‚acG;rom; rif;u ighudk bmaumifxifovJ? aooGm;jcifovm;? tckcsufjcif; t0Dpd a&mufoGm; csifovm;?‛ tqdkyg vli,f. vufxJrS ajcmufvHk;yl; aoewfudk awG@vdkuf&aomtcg udkwifarmifOD;onf wcsufawmh tH}h ooGm;yHk&onf? odk@&mwGif enf;enf;rS pd;k &drx f dwfvef@yrHk ay:? aemufudkvnf; wvSr;f rSrqkwfbJ awmifhawmifh}uD; &yfaeonf? ajcmufvHk;yl; jcdrf&G,fvmaom vli,fu udkwifarmifOD;eSifh rvSrf;rurf; ta&mufwGif &yfvdkufonf? xdktcg udkwifarmifOD;u xdkvli,f. rsufemS udk wvSnfh ajcmufvHk;yl;udk wvSnfh}unfh&if; oljyHK;aeus twdkif; raxhwaxh jyHK;vdkufonf? xdk@aemuf ol@tusF D &ifyyfus,foD;rsm;udk wckjcif; jzKwfI &ifudk aumhay;vdkufjyD; ‚a[haumif rif;owWd&if ypfavuGm‛ [k ajymvdkufonf? ywf0ef;usio f nf tyfusoH }um;&avmufatmifyif jidrfoufoGm;cJhonf? tm;vHk;. tm&Hkonf olwdk@ eSpfOD;ESifh ajcmufvHk;yl;xHodk ha&mufae}uonf? aemufrS od&onfrmS *spfum;ay:u qif;vmaom vli,fonf ppfAkv d ftodkif;t0dkif; tm%mydkif vl}uD;rdom;pkxJrS jzpfjyD; naeydkif;rsm;wGif &dk;raqmif&Sd rdef;cav; wOD;udk yHrk Sef vma&muf yd;k yrf;aeoljzpfonf? tcsif;jzpfcsdeYf 4if;ydk;yef;aeaom rde;f cav; udk,fwdkifxGuf}unfhae aoma}umifh vla&;jyvdkonfh oabmjzifh 4if;.zcif udkif[efwlaom ajcmufvHk;yl;udk xkwfI jcdrf&G,fum jcdrf;ajcmufvdkufjcif; 50

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‚'Dtpd;k &&J@ qdk&S,fvpf pD;yGm;a&;pepfatmufrmS aeae&wmqdkawmh rif;wkd@ bJG@&+yD;wJhtcgus&if udk,hfbmomudk,f vGwfvGwfvyfvyf &Smpm;Ekdifzk@d / b0 wnfaqmufEikd fzd@k qkw d mu vHk;0 raocsmwJh udp&P yfbJuG? tpdk;&XmewckckrmS 0efxrf; jzpfatmif vkyfawmhrSbJ vpmaumif;aumif; &Ekdifr,f?‛ armifarmifajymonfh pum;udk rnfodk@jyefajz&rnf rodaoma=umifh tm;vHk;u wdwfwqdwf xkdifem;axmif ae=uonf? TwGif armifarmifu qufajymonf? ‚igajymcsifwJh &Sif;&Sif;av;yguGm? ppfwyfu t&m&Sd}uD;awG&@J om;orD;awG/ tpdk;&0ef}uD;awG&@J om;orD;awG 'DwuUodkvfrSm vmwufae=uwmudk rif;wkd@vJ todbJ r[kwfvm;? rif;wdk@u olwdk@eJ@ cifatmifaygif;xm;? rif;wdk@ bGJ@&+yD;vkd@ 450 usyfpm; tpdk;&t&m&Sd tvkyfwpfckckudk oGm;av#mufr,fq&dk if a&;ajz pmar;yJGwpfck ajz&w,f? +yD;awmh tifwmAsL;vJ xkdif&w,fav? 'gayr,fh rif;wkd@u tJ'gawGudk atmifw,f qdk&ifawmifrb S J b,fawmhrS ta&G;cH&rSm r[kwfbl;? at; 'gayr,fh tvkyfcef@wJh bkwftzGJ@udk ppfwyfxJu tqifhjrifht&m&Sd}uD;wpfa,muf a,mufu w,fvDzek f;wpfcsuf aumufquf+yD; rif;&J@emrnf ajymvku d fwmeJ@ t&nftcsif; &S&d Sdr&Sd&Sd rif; tJ'Dtvkyfudk wef;&oGm;r,f? igajymwmudk rif;wdk@ em;vnfvm;?‛ armifarmif. t}uHtpnfudk =um;vkduf+yD;aomtcg tcsdK@u bmrSrajymbJ +idrfxkdifae=uonf? armifarmif ajymwmudk vufcHonfh oabmyif? odk@aomf tjcm;olrsm;u wpfa,mufwpfaygufjzifh uef@uGuf=uavonf? ‚tpdk;&0efxrf; tvkyu f dk ig pdwfr0ifpm;bl;?‛ ‚iguawmh &Gmjyef+yD; v,fxGepf m;rSmuG?‛ ‚igu ightazudk ulvkyaf y;+yD;awmh &Smpm;vdk@&w,f? "gwfykq H &mwpfa,muf jzpfvmatmif tazhudk oifckdif;r,f?‛ ‚igu udk,fhbmomukd,f oD;oef@ pmtkyfqdkifwpfqkdif axmifrmS ?‛ ‚iguawmh pma&;q&mwpfa,muf jzpfvmatmif vkyrf ,f? 'Dtvkyu f rcsrf;ombl; qdkayr,fhvJ pm;vdk@aomufvkd@ &avmuftxdawmh ydkufqH&SmEkdifvdrhrf ,fvdk@ ar#mfvifhwmbJ?‛ TuJhodk@ ajymqdkae=ucsdew f Gif ausmif;om;wpfa,mufu toHus,fus,fjzifh xajymonf? wuUodkvf 'kwd,ESpf ordkif;ar*smu xGef;0if;yg? ‚igu rif;ajymwmudk vHk;0 vufrcHbl;uG?‛ TwGif tm;vHk;. toHwdwfoGm;+yD; xGe;f 0if;udk 0kid f;=unfh=uonf? xGe;f 0if;u ol. oabmxm;udk xyfajymjyefonf? ‚rif;ajymwJh t}uHu udk,fusihfw&m;eJ@ rnDwma=umifh ig vHk;0 vufrcHEdik fbl;?‛ TwGif armifarmifu jyefyufonf? 82

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olu oifcef;pmwpfckudk ausmufoifyek f;ay:Y pa&;avonf? TwGif ausmif;olwpfOD;u qD;aphwpfaphjzifh ypfayguf&m xkdq;D aphonf udkwifarmifOD;. OD;acgif;tem;&Sd ausmufoifyek f;udk oGm;a&mufxdreS fonf? ausmif;ol rsm;u q&mtopfudk prf;vdkaoma=umifh ol.tidkufwGif xdkuJhodk@ jyKvkyfvkdufjcif; jzpfEikd fayonf? qD;aphudk ypfayguf+yD;onfEiS fh w+ydKifeuf 4if;wdk@u rodcsifa,mifaqmifae=uonf? odk@aomf qD;aphvm&m vrf;a=umif; bufudk rSef;qrdaom udkwifarmifOD;u csufcsif;vSnfh=unfhvkduf&mwGif tqdkyg ausmif;olrsm; tht H m;oifhoGm; =uonf? olu xdkausmif;oltyk fpkudk tvGeyf if wnf=unfaom rsufEmS xm;jzifh pdu k f=unfhonf? udkwifarmifOD;u wnf=unfav;eufaom rsufEmS xm;jzifh wpfpHkwpfOD;udk pl;pl;&J&J pdu k f=unfh+yDqdkv#if vrf;o&J *d% k f;om;rsm;uyif ol@rsufvHk;rsm;udk &ifrqkdif&=J uacs? csufcsif;qdkovdkyif ausmif;oltkyfpo k nf toHwdwfoGm;+yD; wkwfwkwfr# rv_y&f J=uawmh? 4if;wkd@udk wc%=umatmif pdkuf=unfh+yD;aemufwGif udkwifarmifOD;u ausmufoifyek f; bufodk@ vSnfhum pmqufoifavonf? xdktcsdeu f pwifum tqdkygausmif;oltkyfpk tygt0if twef;xJ&Sd ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk;onf udkwifarmifOD;tay: av;pm;vmcJh=uonf? ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;u ol. pmoifjyyHkudk tvGeEf Spfouf=uonf? 4if;wdk@ em;rvnfaom ocsmFypk >mrsm;udk udkwifarmifOD;u vG,ful&iS f;vif;oGm;atmif &Sif;jyEkid fprG f;&Sdojzifh ausmif;pmrsm;wGif wdk;wufr_ rsm;pGm &&SdvmcJhonf? csOf;uyf&vG,ful+yD; azmfazmfa&Ga&G&dSolwpfOD; jzpfonfEiS fhtnD ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;u ol@twef;wuf&onfudk ESpf+cdKuf=uonf? &ufumvrsm; =umjrifhvmonfEiS fhtr# pum;ajymaumif;+yD; [mo^m%f&i$ faom udkwifarmifOD;a=umifh twef;xJwGif aysmf&$if&,farmp&mrsm;jzifh touf0ifvmonfrmS =unfE;l zG,f&maumif;vSayonf? Todk@jzifh vuke&f ufwGif udkwifarmifOD;onf ol. yxrqHk;aom vpmudk &vmonf? jrefrmusyfaiG (100)/ tar&duef aiGjzifhqkv d #if (35) a':vmcef@ &Sad yrnf? xdktcsdeu f qdkv#if tawmfrsm;aom aiGyrm%yif jzpfonf? vpmaiG &aoma=umifh tvGepf dwfv_y&f Sm;aeaom udkwifarmifOD;u rnfuJhodk@ vky&f rnfudk pOf;pm;avonf? wuUodkvf ausmif;om; vli,fwpfOD; jzpfonfhtavsmuf ausmif;odk@ 0wfoGm;&ef t0wftpm; aumif;aumif;rsm; (odk@r[kwf) tjcm;aom t&mrsm;twGuf rdrdpw d f}udKuf 0rf;csrf;Ekdifrnf jzpfaomfvnf; olu xdkuJhodk@ rvkycf Jhacs? rdom;pk0ifrsm;u xdknaecif;udk aumif;rGepf Gm trSwf&aeayao;onf? xdknaeu ol tdrfjyefaemufuscJhonf? xrif;[if;csufonfhtdk; topfcsyfc|wfrsm; 0,fjyefvmaom udkwifarmifOD;udk awG@aomtcg rdom;pk0ifrsm;tm;vHk; th=H ooifhoGm;=uonf? 4if;wkd@ rdom;pkwGif TuJhodk@aom xrif;[if;tdk;rsm; vdktyfaeonfrmS twef=umjrifhcJhay+yD? xdk@jyif olu pawmfb,f&o D D; vwfvwfqwfqwfrsm;/ Edk@qD/ o=um;ESifh a&cJwkH;}uD;wpfwHk;udkyg ,laqmifvmcJh ao;onf? rdom;pk0if tm;vHk;twGuf TuJhodk@ 'umcH au|;arG;onfrSm aysmf&i$ fp&myif? nDi,f/ nDri,frsm; tljrL;ae=uonf? vdkcsifaewm =umcJh+yDjzpfaom xrif;tdk; [if;td;k topfrsm;udk &&Sdvkdufaoma=umifh taru 0rf;omyDwdjzpfum bmrS rajymEkdifcJhovdk rsuf&nfrsm;yif 0kid f;vmcJhonf? tdk;opfwpfckxJwGif udkwifarmifOD;u pawmfb,f&/D Ekd@qD/ o=um;ESifh a&cJwdk@udk xnfhar$um rdom;pk0ifrsm;twGuf pawmfb,f&aD zsmf&nf vkyaf y;onf? 4if;wdk@ rdom;pktwGuf aysmf&i$ f=unfE;l zG,f&maumif;aom aEG&moDnaecif;wpfck jzpfcJhayonf? wuUodkvf 'kwd,ESpaf &mufonftxd olu usL&Sifq&mtjzpf vkycf Jhonf? tpdk;&qef@usifa&; ajratmuf ausmif;om;v_y&f Sm;r_rsm;Y yg0ifywfoufcJhjcif;a=umifh 1972ckEpS f 'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@Y tzrf;cH&onfh tcgrSomv#if usL&Sifq&mtvkyu f dk &yfem;cJh&jcif; jzpfonf? 1974ckEpS f Zefe0g&Dv (3)&ufae@ axmifrS 85

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TuJhodk@ qdk;oGr;f aom tajctaetrsm;udk awG@}uHKae&or# umvywfvHk; jynfol jynfom;taygif;wkd@onf twGif;pdwf +idrf;csrf;r_udk &SmazG&eftwGuf vrf;a=umif; ajzmifjh zL;rnf r[kwfa=umif;/ Ekid fiHhpD;yGm;a&; jy\emrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;+yD;onfhwkdif EkdifiHa&; vGwfvyfcGifhudk csKyfcs,fxm;v#if jynfolwdk htwGuf twGi;f pdwf +idrf;csrf;r_udk &SmazG&mYtcuftcJ}uHKawG haernfjzpfa=umif;wkd@udk oluem;vnfoabmaygufcJhonf? xkd@aemufwGif udkwifarmifOD; onf vl@tzG@J tpnf; twGi;f Y jzpfysufaeonfrsm;ESifh tusKd;ta=umif;rsm;udk eufeufeeJ J od&dv S dkvmcJhonf? vl@tzG@J tpnf; twGuf trSefw&m;udk &SmazGvdkvmcJhonf? yxrOD;qHk;taejzifh udkwifarmifOD;onf vrf;o&J*kd%;f 0ifrsm; tjzpf owfrw S fjcif; cH&ol vli,frsm;ESifh &if;ESD;r_ &Sv d m &mrS 4if;wkd@ trsm;pkonf vl@tzG@J tpnf;udk 'kuQay;aeolrsm; qdkonfxuf vl@tzG@J tpnf;. om;aumifrsm;om jzpfaea=umif;udk avhvmod&dcS Jh&onf? twGif;pdwf +idrf;csrf;r_twGuf &SmazGEkdifa&; qdkonfudk tomxm; ae@pOfb0 &yfwnfa&;twGufudkom v_yf&Sm;&kef;uefae&aoma=umifh 4if;wdk@xHwGif pd;k &drfpdwfrsm; t+rJwap zH;k v$r;f aecJhonf? xkd@aemuf vd_if/ r&rf;uke;f ESifh urm&Gwf +rdK@e,frsm;&Sd usL;ausmf&yfuGufrsm;wGif exdkifol tedrhq f ;Hk vcpm; tvkyform; vlwef;pm;wkd@xH oGm;a&mufum pum;ajymqdkcJhonf? 4if;wdk@. ae@pOfb0rsm;udk tcsde, f l avhvmonf ESifhtr# 4if;wdk@ }uHKawG@ae&aom twd'u k Q tajctaersm;rSm udkwifarmifOD; acgif;xJodk@ pl;epf0ifa&mufcJhonf? axmifwGif;Y (1)ESp=f um aecJh&onfh tcsdeu f mvrsm;wGifvnf; vl@b0tajctaersm;udk ydrk adk vhvm tuJcwfcGifh& cJhonf? 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk usifhoHk;&mwGif vltrsm;pk. oabmqENwckwnf;tay:wGifom tajccH&krH sS ESifh wkdif;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfrnfqdkv#if wkid f;&if;om; vlenf;pkwdk@. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk jznfhqnf;&mY tm;enf; aeedkifonfukdvnf;aumif;/ tm%m&Sif tkyfcsKyfra_ tmufwGif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wdk@. tcGifhta&;rsm;/ txl;ojzifh wef;wlnDr# tcGifhta&;rsm;ESihf udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfykdifcGifhrsm; qHk;&_;H =u&rnfudk vnf;aumif; od&deS m;vnfvmcJhonf? axmifu vGwfvm+yD;onfhaemufwGif udkwifarmifOD;onf wuUodkvf qufwufum oli,fcsif; taygif;toif; rsm;ESifhtwl vl@tzGJ@tpnf;ESifh ywfouf aom oabmw&m; t,ltqrsm;udk avhvmvkdufpm;cJhonf? 'Drdkua&pD pepfatmufwGif wkdif;&if;om; vlrsKd;pkrsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wqifhcsif; wdk;jr‡ifhxm;&Sday;oGm;Ekdifaomfvnf; tm%m&Siftyk fcsKyfr_pepf wnf&daS eygu 'Drdkua&pD ESifh vlrsKd;pk tcGifhta&;rsm; &moufyef jiif;qefaejcif;cH&rnfudk em;vnfcJhonf? vll@tzG@J tpnf;ta=umif; ydrk edk ufeJpGm avhvmvdkufpm;vmonfEiS fhtr# vl@tzG@J tpnf;udk t"du qdk;usK;d jzpfaeaponfht&mrSm tm%m&Sif pepfom jzpfa=umif;/ tm%m&Sifpepfudk pJu G dkifum tkycf sKyf rif;vkyfaeaom tpd;k &onf omref jynfoljynfom;wkd@. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tumtuG,fay;&rnfhtpm; 4if;. tm%m oufq;dk &Snfapa&;twGuf wdkif;jynf taqmufttHkrsm; eSifh tkyfcsKyfr, _ EW,m;rsm; udk zefwD;jcif;/ }udK;udkifjc,fvS,fjcif;/ tjynfht0 toHk;csjcif;jzifh jynfolrsm;udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,faea=umif;wkd@udk &Sif;vif; jywfom;pGm odjrifcJhonf? Ttcsuf onf jrefrmEkdifiH wpfEkdifiHwnf;twGufom r[kwfbJ tm%m&Sifpepfudk usifhoHk; aeaom tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;wGifvnf; rSefuefaeayonf? 1966 ckEpS frS 1976ckEpS f udkwifarmifOD;. vli,fb0 tcsdeu f mvrsm;wGif tmz&duESifh ta&S@ Oa&mywdkuf&Sd Ekid fiH trsm;pkonf tm%m&Sif tkyfcsKyfrp_ epfatmufwGif usa&mufaecJh=uonf? 1968ckESpw f Gif qkdAd,uf jynfaxmifpu k csufudkpvdkAm;uD;,m;EkdifiHudk usL;ausmfodr;f ydkufch+J yD; Ekid fiHtwGif;Y vGwfvyfcGifh ydrk &dk &Sda&; v_y&f Sm;r_rsm;udk ysufp;D ap cJhonf? vufwif tar&duwdkuf&dS Ekid fiHaygif; (20)cef@wGifvnf; ppftm%modr;f r_rsm; wacwfxcJhonf? xdkEkdifiHwGif ppftm%modr;f tpd;k & rsm;u 4if;wdk@onf pkpnf;r_tm;aumif;jyD; xda&muf xuf 94

jrufaom vufa&G;pif vlpjk zpfojzifh wkdif;jynftwGif; zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_ESifh wnf+idrrf _wdk@udk az:aqmif ay;edik frnf[k a}uG;a}umfcJh=uaomfvnf; vufawG@wGirf l jzpfrvmcJhacs? tm&yfwkdif;jynfrsm;wGif bk&ifrsm;uomv#if Ekid fiHa&; tm%mudk qkyfudkifxm;=u+yD; tm%m&Sifpepfudk oufq;dk &SnfapcJhonf? tD*spf/ wle;D &Sm;/ ,DrifEiS fh qD;&D;,m; tp&So d nfh orRw EkdifiHrsm;wGifvnf; tm%m&Sif tkyfcsKyfr_pepfudk pwifusihfoHk;vmcJh=uonf? tm%m&Sif pepfrsm; xJwGif tqdk;&Gm;qHk;jzpfaom ‚bk&ifrsm;. bk&ifpepf‛ udk usifhoHk;vmcJhol rmrl0g *g'gzDonf ,ae@tcsdet f xd tm%mwnf+rJaeay ao;onf? vpfbsm;EkdifiHudk bk&if tD'&pfu tkyfcsKyfaepOftwGif; 1969 ckESpfwGif *g'gzDESifhwuG &mxl;i,f ppfAkv d f tcsK@d wdk@u ppfwyftm%modr;f cJhjcif;jzpfonf? ta&S@tv,fykid f;a'o&Sd vli,fwpfOD;jzpfol *g'gzDu tm%m&Sifpepfudk pwif usifhoHk;vmcsdew f Gif tm&Swdkuf&Sd vli,fwpfOD;jzpfol udkwifarmifOD;uvnf; vl@tzG@J tpnf; ESifh ywfoufI pwif avhvmvdkufpm;um tm%m&Sifpepfudk jzKwfcs&eftwGuf jyifqifrr_ sm; jyKvkyaf ecJhonf? Tae&mwGif 4if;wdk@ESpOf D; teuf rnfolu &JpGr;f owWdEiS fh ydjk ynfhpHkonfudk rnfolr# rod&dES dik facs? odk@aomfvnf; owdjyK&rnfh tcsufwpfcsufrSm &nfreS f;csufyef;wdkifodk@ ta&mufvSr;f &eftwGuf 4if;wdk@. vkyyf u Hk dkifykrH sm; rwlnD=ujcif; yifjzpfonf? *g'gzDu ppfwyf tiftm;udk rDcS dktm;xm;aecsdew f Gif udkwifarmifOD;u vlxkprG f;tm;udk trDSjyKcJhonf? +idrf;csrf;aom vrf;pOfudk usifh}uH cJhonf? xdktcsdeu f vlxkprG f;tm;qdkonfrmS a&yef;pm;aom a0g[m&wpfck r[kwfcJhacs?

uGejf rLepfpepfudk a&Smif&Sm;&ef }udK;yrf;&mrS tm%m&Sifpepfudk axmufcHcJh=ujcif; udkwifarmifOD;onf 1969ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf yxESpYf wufa&muf ynmoif=um;cJhonf? zdvpfykid fEdkifiH orRw zm'Deef rm;udk@(pf)u Ekid fiHhordkif;wGif r}uHKpzl; 'kwd,t}udrf orRwtjzpf jyefvnfta&G;cHcJh&onfrmS vnf; 1969 ckEpS fuyif jzpfonf? tif'ked ;D &Sm;Ekid fiHwGif emrnfq;dk jzifh ausmf=um;ol ppftm%m&Sif Adv k fcsKyf ql[mwdkudk v$wfawmf u orRwtjzpf a&G;cs,fcef@tyfcJhonfrmS 1968ckEpS fu jzpfonf? tqdkyg orRwESpfOD;pvHk;onf oufqikd f&m EkdifiH toD;oD;wGif uGejf rLepf ykeu f eftHkºuGrr_ sm;udk ESrd feif;cJhonf[lI emrnfausm=f um;cJh=uonf? tm%mr&rDwGif tif'kdeD;&Sm;Ekid fiH Adv k fcsKyf ql[mwkdonf uGejf rLepfrsm;udk &Sif;vif;okwfoif&eftwGuf ppfwyfudk OD;aqmifcJh+yD; vlaygif; (5)ode;f cef@udk owfjzwfcho J nf? zdvpfykid fEkdifiHwGif rm;udk@(pf)u rm&S,favm xkwfcJh+yD;onfh aemufwGif uGejf rLepfjynfol hwyfrawmfopfudk eSrd feif;&ef ppfwyfudk txl;tm%mtyfeiS f;cJhonf? xdkumvtwGif; Yyif awmifudk&D;,m; EkdifiHwGifvnf; 'kwd, orRwedik fiHudk jzdKcsjyD; OD;aqmiftm%modr;f cJhol Adv k fcsKyf ywfc|ef[D;onf orRwtjzpf jyefvnf ta&G;cHcJh&onf? 1966 ckEpS frS 1976 ckEpS frsm;twGif;wGif w&kwfEdik fiH. acgif;aqmif }uD; armfpDwke;f u ,Ofaus;r_ awmfvSeaf &;}uD;qifEJc$ Jh+yD; jynfolwkd@. vGwfvyfcGifhudk t}uD;tus,f uef@owfcsKyfcs,f cJhonf? TonfrmS rSm;,Gif;aom vkyaf qmifcsufwpf&yfjzpfa}umif; w&kwfEdik fiH uGejf rLepfygwD udk,fYuyif aemufyidk f;Y oHk;oyf oGm;cJhonf? 1975ckESpf uarBm'D;,m;EkdifiHY crmeDygwD tm%m&&Sdvmcsdew f Gif tqdk;&Gm;qH;k aom tm%m&Sif tkyfcsKyfr_ pepf jzpfwnfvmcJhonf? udkwifarmifOD; vli,fb0 tcsdeu f mvrsm;wGif tm&Swkduf&dS EkdifiH rsm;pGmwdk@Y tm%m&Sifpepf yHpk HtrsKd;rsK;d xGe;f um;aecJhonfudk txufyg jzpf&yfrsm;u oufaojyaeayonf?

udkwifarmifOD; t&G,fa&mufpjyKcsdef 1969ckESpw f Gif Adv k fae0if;u wkdif;jynftm%modr;f +yD; tkyfcsKyfvm cJhonfrSm (7)ESpf=um &SdoGm;cJh+yDjzpfonf? ppfat;umvrsm;wGif tif'dkeD;&Sm;Ekid fiH Akv d fcsKyf ql[mwdk/ zdvpfydkifEdik fiH zm'Deef rm;udk@(pf)ESifh jrefrmEkdifiH Adv k fcsKyfae0if;wkd@u ta&S@awmiftm&Sa'owGif uGefjrLepfpepf rjyef@yGm;apa&; twGuf [ef@wm;ay;Ekdifvdrhrf nf[k tar&duefEkdifiHEiS fh taemufwkdif; 'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHrsm;u ar#mfvifhcJh=uonf? wzufuvnf; tm&SEdik fiHtoD;oD;wGi&f aSd om uGejf rLepfygwDrsm;ESifh 4if;wdk@. v_y&f Sm;r_rsm;udk qdkAD,uf ESifh w&kwfEdik fiHwdk@u axmufcHay;cJh=uonf? xdk@a=umifh ppftm%m&Sifrsm;udk qef@usifwkdufzsuf ae=uaom jrefrmEkdifiH twGif;&Sd omref ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifh jynfolvlxktwGuf Ekid fiHwum. ulnDaxmufyHrh u _ dk &&Sda&; qdkonfrmS vHk;0 rjzpfEdik f cJhacs? TwGif udkwifarmifOD;u jrefrmEkdifiH. v_yf&Sm;r_onf wkdif;wyg; tultnDrsm;tay: tm;udktm;xm;jyKaernfh tpm; jynfwGif;Yom tajcjyKoifha=umif;/ 4if;onf +idrf;csrf;aom v_y&f Sm;r_ jzpfoifhaomfvnf; wufยบuGr&_ &Sd ef/ toufyg&efESifh vlxktiftm;udk tcsuftjcmjyKaom v_y&f Sm;r_ jzpf&ef vkdtyfa=umif;wkd@udk od&eSd m;vnfcJhonf? wuUodkvf wwd,ESpYf udkwifarmifOD; ynmoif=um;aecsdef 1973ckEpS fwGif zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'opf rl=urf;a&;qJGa&; vkyif ef;pOfudk ppftpdk;&u zefwD;cJhonf? jrefrmEkdifiH. 1947ckESpf zG@J pnf;yHktajccHOya'onf 1962ckESpf tm%modr;f +yD; aemufykid f;wGif ysufy,foGm;+yDjzpfaoma=umifh ppftpdk;t&u zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' opfwpfckudk a&;qJG&eftwGuf tpjyKcJhjcif; jzpfonf? jrefrmEkdifiH ordik f;udk=unfhrnfqv dk #if vGwfvyfa&;&+yD; aemufyidk f;wGif 1947ckEpS f zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'ESifhtnD ygvDrefpepfudk usifhoHk;cJh+yD; OD;Ekonf jrefrmEkdifiH. yxrqHk;aom 0ef}uD;csKyf jzpfvmcJhonf?

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tajccHOya'opfonf tm%m&Sif tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfudk t"du tmrcHcsufay;xm;a=umif;/ jynfvlolxkudk yl;aygif;yg0if cGifhrjyKbJv#uf zG@J pnf;yHktajccHOya' a&;qGJa&;vkyfief;pOfukd jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwDuom tºuGif;rJh xde;f csKyf xm;a=umif;/ xkd@a=umifh 1974 zG@J pnf;yHktajccHOya' eSifh TzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhtnD usif;yjyKvkyrf nfh a&G;aumufyGrJ sm;udk vufrcHoifha=umif;wdk@udk udkwifarmifOD;u &Sif;vif;pGmod&Sdxm;cJhonf? zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccH Oya'jzifh omru tjcm;aom wdkif;jynf tpdk;& taqmufttHkrsm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW,m;rsm;jzifhyg tm%m&Sifpepfudk ausm axmufaemufcH jyKaeor# umvywfvHk; tqdkyg zG@J pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk tajccHI jyKvkyo f nfh a&G;aumufyGrJ sm; onf vlxktwGuf vGwfvyfr_udk aqmifusOf;ay;Ekid frnf r[kwfouJhokd@ ppfrSeaf om 'Dru dk a&pDodk@vnf; ta&mufvSr;f Ekid f rnf r[kwf a=umif;wkd@udk olu }udKwifreS f;qEkdifcJhonf? udkwifarmifOD;onf trSefw&m;udk &SmazGcJholwpfa,muf jzpfayonf? vl@tzG@J tpnf;&Sd jy\emrsm;udk ESpfwcsK@d =umatmif apmifh=unfhavhvmcJh+yD;onfaemufwGif udkwifarmifOD; xHY todynm wpHkw&m &&Sv d mcJhonf? jynfolwdk@. 'kuQcHpm;&r_rsm;/ jy\em tajccH&if;jrpfrsm;ESifh jzpfEikd fajc &Sad om ajz&Sif;enf;rsm;udk od&deS m;vnfcJhonf? ‚4if;wkd@ESifh pyfvsO;f I rnfuJhokd@ jyKvkyaf qmif&GufEdik frnfenf;? jynfol jynfom;wkd@. twd'u k Qrsm;udk vpfvsL&_um rdrd wudk,fa& aumif;pm;a&;twGufaomfvnf;aumif;/ twGi;f pdwf +idrf;csrf;r_udk &SmazGEkdif&eftwGufaomfvnf;aumif; ukd,fusK;d &SmazGa&; vrf;a}umif;udkom avSsmufvSrf;&rnfavm? okd@r[kwf vl@tzG@J tpnf;wGif jzpfysuf aeaom raumif;r_rsm;udk z,f&mS ;&efvdkvm;olrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;um wdkufyJG0ifv_y&f Sm;&rnfavm?‛ ponfhar;cGe;f rsm; udkwifarmifOD;. acgif;xJ 0ifa&mufvmcJhonf? rnfonfh vrf;a=umif;udk a&G;cs,frnf qdkonfu rdr. d qHk;jzwfcsuf tay:Yom rlwnf+yD; rnfolur# rdrt d m; twif;t=uyf vkycf dkif;aejcif; r[kwfa=umif;udk olu aumif;rGepf Gm em;vnfcJhonf? omrefvli,ftrsm;pkuom qdkv#if udk,fusK;d &Sma&;vrf;a}umif;oufoufudkom vkyu f dkifaqmif&Guf=uayrnf? vlwkdif;onf rdrdb0twGuf udk,fusK;d &Sm Ekid faom vGwfvyfcGifhudk &&SdcHpm;aecJhrnf qdkv#if udkwifarmifOD;u tqdkyg vli,frsm;udk tjypfwifrnfr[kwfacs? odk@aomf udkwifarmifOD; twGufrl w&m;rSswr_ qdkif&m jyoemrSm ar;cGe;f xkwfp&m jzpfcJhonf? w&m;rSswr_onf ol vGerf if;pGm pdwf0ifpm;onfh ta}umif;&yfjzpfcJhonf? w&m;r#wr_ &&Sda&;tm; wefbdk;xm;I }udK;yrf;pGrf;aqmif oifhonf [lIvnf; cH,lcJhonf?

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101

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tvkyo f rm;wpfOD;qdkv#if vSHpGyjf zifh em;onfudk xkwfcsif;ayguf txdk;cHcJh&onf? rdrda&S@ ajr}uD;ay:Y aoG;tef+yD; aovkarsmyg;jzpfaeaom tvkyo f rm;udk rsufjrifoufaowpfOD;u jrifhawG@cJh&onf? '%f&m&aeoltwGuf bmrS vkyrf ay;Ekdif? tjcm;tvkyo f rm;wpfa,mufqv dk #if aoewfusnfqHxdrSefojzifh ol. atmufar;&dk;wpfckvHk; r&Sdawmhonfh tjyif ol. v#mudkvnf; uwfa=u;ESifh jzwfxm;ouJhodk@jzpfonf? qmavmifiwfrw G faeaom rdrw d dk@. rdom;pk0ifrsm; qefyrdk dk &&Sda&;twGufudkom awmif;cHcJh=ujcif;jzpfaomfvnf; tvkyform;rsm; qef r&onfhtjyif 4if;wdk@ rdom;pkrsm;udkyg t+yD;tydik f pGe@f cGmoGm;cJh&onf? 1974ckESpf tvkyform;ta&;tcif; jzpfyGm;csdefwGif owif;rD', D mrsm;onf rvqygwDEiS fh ppftpd;k &. vufatmufodk@ vHk;0usa&mufaecJhonf? xdkumvwGif ,ae@acwfuJhodk@ owif;rD', D mESifh qufoG,fa&; uGe, f uf rsm; rxGeu f m;ao;? vli,fvl&, G frsm; tygt0if tvkyo f rm; axmifaygif;rsm;pGm yg0ifonfh tvkyform; ta&;tcif;rsm; jrefrmEkdifiH tESH@tjym;wGif jzpfyGm;cJhaomfvnf; ppftpdk;&. zdESdyfrE_ Sifh t=urf;zufrr_ sm;a=umifh tvkyo f rm;wdk@. epfemr_rsm;/ twd'u k Qrsm;/ '%f&mtemw& jzpfrr_ sm;ESifh aoqHk;r_rsm;udk wurBmvHk;odk@ jynfhjynfhpkpH kH az:xkwftoday;jcif; r&SdEkdifcJh? toufpaw; cHcJh&olrsm;ESifh 4if;wdk@ rdom;pkrsm;twGuf av#mfa=u; wpfpkw H pf&m ay;jcif;rsK;d vJ r&SdcJh? rdrdwdk@. epfemcHpm;&r_rsm;udkyif &ifzGifhtoday;Ekdifaom tcGifhtvrf;rsm; r&Sdonfh tajctae jzpfcJh&onf? vl@tzG@J tpnf;wGif ‘w&m;r#wr_’ vHk;0O\Hk uif;rJhaecJhonf[k qdkEkdifayonf?

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1974 zGJ hpnf;ykHtajccH Oya' yk'fr (157) ESifh (158) wdk@wGif txufaz:jyyg rlvtcGifhta&;rsm; taejzifh jyXmef; xm;aomfvnf; ‚qdk&S,fvpftusdK;pD;yGm;udk rqef husifv#if‛ [lonfh c|if;csufqidk f&m jyXmef;csufjzifh uef@owf xm;onf? tvkyo f rm; qENjyyGrJ sm;udk t=urf;zufjzdKcGif;jyD;aemuf rqvtpdk;&u jynfolvlxkudk &Sif;vif;csuf ay;&mwGif t"dutm;jzifh tvkyo f rm; qENjyyGJrsm;onf qdk&S,fvpfpepf. tusdK;pD;yGm;udk qef@usifa=umif;[lI jzpfonf? ,ck 2008 zGJ hpnf;ykHtajccHOya' yk'fr (354) wGif jyXmef; xm;onfh c|if;csufqidk f&m jyXmef;csufrmS 1974 zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccH Oya' rSmxuf ydrk I dk abmifudk csJ hum uef howfjyXmef; xm;onf? 4if;rSm ‚EdkifiHawmf vkHjcKHa&; tusdK;iSm jyXmef;xm;onfh Oya'rsm;ESifh rqef husifv#if‛ [lIjzpfonf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vuf&St d csdeYf EdkifiHawmf vkHjcHKa&;tusdK;iSm jyXmef;xm;onfh Oya'rsm; tajrmuftrsm; wnfqJjzpfonf? vGwfvyfpmG ajym qdkcGifh/ pnf;&kH;cGifh/ pka0;cGifh/ pDwef; vSnfhvnfcGifh tp&daS om tajccH vGwfvyfcGifh wdk hudk usifhokH; vdkv#if tqdkyg Oya'rsm;ESifh rqef@usif ap& [lonfrmS tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhwdk hudk usifhokH;cGifhr&d[ S lI oG,f0ku d fjyXmef;xm;onfh oabm aqmifonf? odk@jzpfI 1974ckEpS f zGJ hpnf;ykHtajccHOya' atmufwGif tvkyo f rm; qENjyyGJrsm; t=urf;zuf zdEdSyfcHvdkuf &onfh tawG t=uKHudk oifcef;pm,lum tqdkyguJhokd@aom zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'rsm;udk csKyfjidr;f apjyD; vlxk. tajccH vGwfvyfcGifhrsm; tjynfht0 &,lusifhokH;cGifh&dSaprnfh jyXmef;csufrsm; yg0ifaom zGJ hpnf;ykHtajccHOya'w&yf ay:ayguf vma&;twGufom v_y&f Sm;wkdufyJ0G ifoGm; oifhonf? vlxkt"du vl@tzG@J tpnf; [laom t,ltqY tpdk;&. tcef;u¾onf tvGet f rif; ta&;ygvSonf? odk@&mwGif Zlvdkifv(7)&ufae@wGif ausmif;olausmif;om; rsm;pGmwdk@ udk owfjzwfch&J ko H mrubJ 1974ckEpS f tvkyf orm; ta&;tcif;wGifvnf; tvm;wljyKrlcJhonf? odk hjzpfI tpdk;&taejzifh vlxkudk umuG,f&rnfh 4if;. wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk csK;d azgufcJhonfrmS odomxif&mS ;ayonf? TonfrmS tm%m&Sif tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfudk usifhoHk;jcif;a=umifhyif? udkwifarmifOD;onf tm%m&Sif tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfudk tjrpfjzKwf&eftwGuf rdrd.pdwfukd ,wdykid f;jzwfum vkyaf qmifcJhonf? Tv_y&f Sm;r_ twGuf ol@xHwGif ‘aiGa=u;’/ ‘vufeuf’ESifh ‘ppfwyf tiftm;’ wpHkw&m r&SdcJh? odk@aomf ‘cdkifrmaom oENdÏmef’/ ‘rav#mhaom ZGJvHk@v’ESifh ‘,Hk=unfcsuf’wdk@ &Scd Jhonf? ‘trSefw&m;’rSm ol@&ifxJwGif ude;f atmif;aecJhonf? ppftpdk;onf 4if;.tm%mwnf+rJa&;twGuf vlxk. pGrf;tm; udk wpfOD;csif; taeESifhjzpfap/ tpktzGJ@taeESifhjzpfap/ avsmhenf;atmif enf;trsK;d rsKd;jzifh vkyu f dkifaqmif&Gufaejcif; jzpfa=umif;ESifh Ttaetxm;udk ajymif;jyefvSe&f rnfjzpfa=umif;wdk@udk udkwifarmifOD;u &dyfpm;rdcJhonf? 1974ckEpS f tvkyo f rm; ta&;tcif;udk awG@}uHK jzwfoef;cJh&+yD;onfh aemufyikd f;wGif udkwifarmifOD;. ,Hk=unfcsufrsm; ydrk cdk dkifrm vm+yD; ‘ausmif;om; or*~’ay:aygufvmatmif }udK;yrf;jcif;enf;vrf;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;. pkaygif;tiftm;udk jr‡ifhwifay; &ef twGufvnf;aumif;/ ‘tvkyo f rm;rsm;’ ESifh yl;aygif;um vlxktoif;tzG@J rsm; tm;aumif;vmap&ef twGuf vnf;aumif;/ ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk jzKwfcsvdkaom ‘ppft&m&S’d rsm;eSifh qufoG,fum wyfrawmftm;jyKjyif ajymif;vJekid fap7ef }udK;yrf;jcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ ol. v_y&f Sm;r_t0ef;t0dkif;udk csJ@xGifjcif;jzifh vlxkprG f;tm;jrifhrm; vmapa&;twGuf }udK;yrf;aqmif&u G fcJhonf?

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puf&Hk taemufbufwGif wnf&daS om tif;pdev f rf;ESifh tvkyo f rm; tdrf,mrsm;. ta&S@bufwGif wnf&daS om ordkif;aumvdyv f rf; wdk@t=um;&Sd tawmfyif {&d,mus,f0ef;aom ajrae&mwGif ordik f; csnfr#ifEiS fh txnfpuf&HkESifh tvkyo f rm; tdr, f mrsm; wnf&daS eonf? tvkyo f rm;tdrf,mrsm;u puf&. Hk ta&S@bufjcrf;wGif wnf&do S nf? ordkif;aumvdyv f rf; wav#mufwGif tkwfwHwdkif;}uD;u tvkyo f rm; tdrf,mrsm;udk ydik f;jcm;xm;jcif; jzpfonf? tif;pdev f rf;teD;wGif &maygif;rsm;pGmaom tvkyo f rm;rsm; tvkyf+yD;cgp tcsdejf zpf+yD; puf&ku H ae tvkyform;rsm; jyefxGufvm=u+yDjzpfonf? 4if;wkd@ tvkyrf qif;rDuwnf;uyif tjyifbufY jzpfysufaeaom &kwf&w k foJoJ tajctaersm; tm;vHk;udk =um;odcJh&+yD;jzpfum tjyifbufwGif qlylrr_ sm; qufjzpfaeOD;rnfudk 4if;wkd@u twwf odaecJh=uonf? vGecf JhonfhEpS f 'Duae@'D&ufwGif puf&Hk tjyifbuf tif;pdev f rf;ray:Y tvkyo f rm;rsm; owfjzwf zrf;qD;jcif; cHcJh&onfh tajctaersm;udk ,ae@wkdif jrifa,mifaeao;onf? tjyifbufY ,ckuJhodk@aom qENjyyJGrsm; xyfrH jzpfysufaeonfudk =um;odvdkuf&aomtcg 4if;wdk@ th=H o rqHk;Ekid fcJh? rdrdwdk@. udk,fpt D vkyfrsm;udk jrefjref+yD; atmifvkyu f m tjyifxGufoGm; =unfhvdkpdwfudk reJxde;f xm;cJh&onf? puf&kx H JwGif tvkyfvkyf&if;u wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf=unfhum &$ifvef;wufยบuGaecJh=uonf? =uufoD;arG;nif;rsm; xvmonf? txl;ojzifh ,ckvdk ae@&ufrsKd; wGif TuJhokd@ aemufwpf}udrf xyfjzpfvmrnfudk 4if;wdk@ ar#mfvifhrxm;cJh? tjyifbufu tajctaersm;udk 4if;wkd@ awG@}uHKcJhbl;=uovdkyif? 4if;wdk@tvkyq f if;I puf&HkwHcg;aygufrsm;rS toD;oD; xGufvmcsdew f Gif tjyifbufY axmifcsDaom qENjyvltyk f}uD;udk awG@vdkuf&onf? tvkyo f rm;rsm;u xdkqENjyolrsm;qDodk@ vma&mufyl;aygif;=ujcif;a=umifh vltyk f}uD; uvnf; auseyftm;&um vufckyf wajzmif;ajzmif;wD;=uavonf? TwGif udkwifarmifOD;ESifh twl tjcm;aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmiftcsdK@EiS fh tvkyform;wdk@u rdef@cGe;f rsm; ajym=um;=uonf? qlqn l HnH ysm;yef;cyf aeaom vltky}f uD;twGif;wGifvnf; vlOD;a& axmifaomif;ru wdk;yGm;vmonf? ordkif;aumvdyf tm;upm;&HkY udkwifarmifOD; rdef@cGe;f pajym+yD; aemuf (2)em&D (3)em&D =umaomtcg 4if;wdk@ESifh vma&mufyl;aygif;=uol vlOD;a& aomif;ausmfoGm;cJh+yD; 4if;wdk@tm;vHk;onf ppftpkd;&udkqef@usifaom qENjyyJGrsm; jyKvky=f uavonf? Tenf;jzifh 4if;wdk@u ppftpdk;&udk wdkuf&du k f qef@usifawmfvSeaf e=ujcif;jzpfonf? odk@aomf ppftpdk;&uvnf; TuJhokd@aom qENjyyJGrsm;udk vHk;0 vufoifhrcH? ae0if; tm%modr;f +yD; uwnf;u pwifum tpdk;& qef@usifa&; qENjyyJGrsm;udk ae@nrjywf qufwkduf ESrd feif;vmcJhayonf? 1962ckESpYf tm%m& +yD;+yD;csif;wGif ausmif;om;or*~taqmufttHu k dk AH;k cJGzsufqD;um &maygif;rsm;pGmaom ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;udk owfjzwfcJhonf? xdk@jyif vGecf Jhaom (1)ESpf ujzpfymG ;cJhaom tvkyo f rm; ta&;tcif;ESifh vGecf Jhaom (6)vu jzpfyGm;cJhaom OD;oef@ ta&;tcif; qENjyyJGrsm;udk &uf&ufpufpuf ESrd feif;cJhonf? xdk@a=umifh ,ckuJhodk@aom ae0if;udk 150

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195

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