4
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
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NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
1
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'Dru kd a&pDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf arQmv f ifch su&f &dS UJ vm; &Syd gw,f/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ xufjrufw?hJ owåAd sw&då w dS hJ acgif;aqmifrsm;[m usaemfw&Ykd UJ jrefrmjynfrSm 'Drdkua&pDudk jynfvnfaqmifusOf;Edkifwmudk odMuw,f/ 'gaMumifhom Mum &Snpf mG wku d yf 0JG ifaeMuNy;D rsm;pGmpGev Yf w T rf aI wG ay;qyfaeMuwmjzpfw,f/ a':atmifqef;pk
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
2
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
Munf? trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGUJ csKy?f tjcm;acgif;aqmif tzGUJ tpnf;trsm;tjym;[m usaemf wd&Yk UJ 'Dru kd a&pDvyI &f mS ;rIukd OD;aqmifaeMuw,f/ &efuek u f ppftmPm&Siaf wG[m 'D 'Dru dk a&pD wkdufyGJawGaMumifh tvGeftrif; wkefvIyfaeMu&w,f/ vlxkxHu ppftmPm&SifawGcdk;0Sufxm;wJh? tvGJoHk;pm;jyKaewJh tmPmawGudk 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&w&yfu jyefvnf&,lrSmjzpfw,f/ tcktcsdefrSm a':atmifqef;pkMunfeJY 'D r d k u a&pD t a&; wd k u f y G J 0 if a ewJ h toif ; tzG J Y a wG [ m cif A sm;wd k Y & J U tul t nD u d k vdktyfaeygw,f/ usaemfwdkYtm;vHk; twlwuGnDnGwfpGm tmPm&SifawGudkz,f&Sm;NyD; b0awGwdk;wufatmif jyKvkyfMu&rSm jzpfw,f/
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ppftmPm&Siaf wGu tmPmvTaJ jymif;ay;r,fvYkd ajymaeMuygw,f? ,HMk unf&yghrvm; rjzpfEikd yf g/ tmPm&Siaf wG[m tmPmudk jynfox l ufyckd spw f wfMuygw,f/ 1990 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd jyefajymif;owd&Mu&atmifyg/ usaemfw[ Ykd m acgif;aqmiftopf? b0yHpk t H opfukd a&G;cs,cf MhJ uw,f/ 'gayrJh ppftmPm&Siaf wGu usaemfwaYkd cgif;aqmifawG udk axmifxx J nfw h ,f/ 'g[m usaemfw&Ykd UJ qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd rav;rpm;jyKwmjzpfw,f/ 'g[m jrefrmvlrsK;d awG&UJ "avhr[kwb f ;l / tmPm&Siaf wG[m usaemfwaYkd cgif;aqmifawG vufeuf
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
3
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usaemfw&Ykd UJ qE´awGuakd v;pm;zkYd Edik if w H umzdtm;ay;rIawGu pGr;f aqmifEikd yf ghrvm; rjzpfEdkifyg/ tiftm;BuD;EdkifiHwcsKdUu(odkYr[kwf)urÇmhukvor*¾BuD;uvmNyD; u,fwifvdrfhr,fvdkY tcsKdUuarQmfvifhaeMuygw,f/ ta0;BuD;rSm&SdwJh EdkifiHwumjynfol awG[m usaemfwu Ykd u kd n l ED ikd zf Ykd tpGr;f ukeBf uKd ;pm;aeMuygw,f/ usaemfwb Ykd 0awG 'kuq © if;&J a&mufaeyHkudk wurÇmvHk;odjrifvmapzdkY olwdkYawG[m trsm;BuD;pGrf;aqmif cJhMuygw,f/ 'gvJ ta&;ygwJhtvkyfwckjzpfwJhtwGuf usaemfwdkYtaeeJY aus;Zl;wifp&myg/ odkYaomfvJ usaemfweYkd m;vnfMu&rSmu Edik if w H umrdwaf qGrsm;&JU BuKd ;yrf;pGr;f aqmifr[ I m twdik ;f twm wckxdyJ atmifjrifEdkifw,fqdkwmygyJ/ usaemfwdkY[m usaemfwdkYta&;awmfyHk&JU yifrZmwfaumifawGygyJ/ EdkifiHwum rdwaf qGawG[m ab;rS0ikd ;f 0ef;axmufco H al wGomjzpfw,f/ usaemfwjYkd refrmjynf 'Dru kd a&pD &&Sda&;[m usaemfwdkYBudK;yrf;rItay: t"duusygw,f/ EdkifiHwumeJY wdkuf½dkufrqdkifyg/ 'Dvq kd &kd ifjzifh usaemfwzYkd mom vGwaf jrmufa&;udk BuKd ;yrf;Edik yf ghrvm;/ jrefrmjynfukd tmPm &SifawGvufatmufuvGwfajrmufatmif b,folrSvmru,fbl;qdk&if usaemfwdkYzmom vGwfajrmufatmifvkyf&rSmyg/ jrefrmjynf[m usaemfwdkY ydkifqdkifwJhEdkifiHyg/ vufwqkyfpm ppfAdkvfcsKyfawGydkifqdkifwmr[kwfygbl;/ usaemfwdkY&JU pGrf;aqmifrIeJYom jrefrmjynfudk 'Dxufaumif;rGew f hJ tajctaersK;d udk a&mufapygvdrhf r,f/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ rdbawG? aemufvm r,fhrsKd;quf uav;i,fawGtwGuf usaemfwdkYrSm wm0ef&Sdygw,f/ EdkifiHwumudk usaemfwdkYMunfhvdkufwJhtcg tjcm;EdkifiHu jynfoltrsm;tjym;[m tmPm&Siaf wGuzkd ,f&mS ;vdYk 'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k & xlaxmif atmifjrifcrhJ &I &Scd yhJ akH wG trsm;tjym; ygyJ/ usaemfwYkd bmjzpfvrYkd atmifjrif&rSmvJ/ jrefrmppftmPm&Siaf wG[m &uf&ufpufpuf zdESdyfw,f/ usaemfwdkYudk usaemfwdkY tiftm;csdeJYwJh u,folrJhwJh b0vdkYxifvmatmif
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
8
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
wpdww f ydik ;f tm;jzifjh zpfap Edik if aH &;tefwrk w I u kd yf aJG wGeYJ wdu k yf 0JG ifcw hJ maMumifjh zpfygw,f/ ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm &ufpufwt hJ pd;k &rsm;&JU Adv k u f styk cf sKyrf aI wGukd olwjYkd ynfoal wG[m tMurf; rzufww hJ u kd yf eJG nf;vrf;awGeYJ olwt Ykd mPm&Sipf epfawGukd NzKd csEikd cf MhJ uygNy/D 'DEikd if aH wGxrJ mS csv D ?D ydv k ef? csuu f pkd vdAk ufu;D ,m;? ½k&mS ;? vwfA;D ,m;? tufpw f ;kd eD;,m;? vpfoal ,;eD;,m;? r*wfpum;? ta&SU*smreD? [efa*&D? zdvpfyikd ?f awmifu&kd ;D ,m;? awmiftmz&dueJY b&mZD;vfwYkd yg0ifMuyg w,f/ aocsmwmwckuawmh tcsut f vufaygif;rsm;pGm[m 'Dru kd a&pDpepf ajymif;vJa&;odYk a&SUaqmifcMhJ uygw,f/ Edik if aH wG&UJ ordik ;f [m wxyfwnf;awmh rusEikd f ygbl;/ odkYaomfvJ vGwfajrmufa&;eJY'Drdkua&pDodkY jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vIyf&Sm;rI ordkif; wavQmufv;kH udjk yefMunf&h if t"duuswhJ tiftm;pkwck&adS ecJw h mudk avhvmawGU&Sd &ygw,f/ 'guawmh jynfolawGu olwdkY&JUvGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tMurf;rzufwJhenf;vrf;awGeJY wuf<upGm yg0ifwu kd yf 0JG ifcw hJ myJ jzpfygw,f/
jrefrmjynfrmS Edik if aH &;tefwrk eI nf;vrf;udk toH;k jyKEdik yf govm; toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/ tjcm;EdkifiHujynfolawGtoHk;jyKEdkifcJhMuovdk usaemfwdkYvJ toHk;jyK wdkufyGJ0ifEdkifygw,f/ usaemfwdkY[m owåd&SdwJhjynfolawGyg/ usaemfwdkY[m OmPf&nfvJxufjrufMuw,f/ usaemfwdkYnDñGwfpGm vkyfEdkifygw,f/ 'DvdkeJYyJ usaemfwdkY udkvdkeDe,fcsJUvufatmufu jrefrmjynfudkvGwfajrmufatmif vkyfcJhMuNyD; jzpfygw,f/ ,cktcsed rf mS awmh usaemfw[ Ykd m tmPm&Siaf wGeYJ olw&Ykd UJ wdik ;f wyg;axmufyu hH n l aD eolawGukd &ifqdkifaeMu&wmjzpfygw,f/ a':atmifqef;pkMunfeJY tjcm;acgif;aqmifawG[m usaemfwdkYu tMurf;zuf awmfveS af &;qifE&JT if (odrYk [kw)f ppfa&;tm;jzifh awmfveS zf BYkd uKd ;pm;&if tmPm&Siaf wGzufu tusK;d tjrwf&EdS ikd w f mudk oabmaygufMuw,f/ olwrYkd mS vufeuftiftm;omvGew f ,f? ppfom;ta&twGurf sm;w,f? o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;aumif;w,f? ydu k q f yH &kd w dS ,f/ usaemfw[ Ykd m 'DxufyNkd y;D vdrm® yg;eyfzv Ykd w kd ,f/ usaemfw[ Ykd m tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ tm;aumif;wJah e&mudk wdu k cf u kd rf mS r[kwb f ;l / Edik if aH &;tefwrk eI nf;vrf;eJY toH;k jyKwu kd cf u kd &f if usaemfwt Ykd wGuf tompD;&Edik rf ,fvYkd qH;k jzwfcsucf scMhJ uw,f/ jrefrmjynf[m usaemfwEYkd ikd if yH g/ 'DEikd if x H rJ mS vGwfvyfa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;vdkvm;wJh jynfoloef;aygif;rsm;pGm &SdMuw,f/ tjcm;wzufraS wmh tmPm&Sipf pfAv kd cf sKyaf wGu tenf;pkjzpfMuw,f/ usaemfwYkd twlwuG wGef;vSefMu&if usaemfwdkYudkzdESdyfaewJhtmPm&SifawG NydKusoGm;EdkifwJh tajctaevnf; &Sdygw,f/
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
5
Edik if aH &;tefwrk I qdw k m bmvJ EdkifiHa&;tefwkrIqdkwm tqifhjrifhwJh tMurf;rJhwdkufyGJenf;vrf;yJ jzpfygw,f/ ppf vufeufawGeJY wdkufyGJqifrJhtpm; jynfolawGu pdwf"gwfa&;&m? vlrIa&;&m? pD;yGm;a&;&m? Edik if aH &;&m tp&Sw d v hJ ufeufawGuo dk ;kH Ny;D tmPm&Siaf wGvufxu J tmPmawGuzkd ,f&mS ; Edik w f t hJ xd rdrw d zYkd mom MoZmtmPmBu;D xGm;vmatmif wku d cf u dk w f ehJ nf;vrf;yJ jzpfygw,f/ vdrm® yg;eyfpmG a&G;cs,Nf y;D tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ tm;tenf;qH;k ae&mawGukd tMurf;rzufwv hJ uf eufeJY csdef&G,fwdkufcdkuf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ EdkifiHa&;tefwkrI}} qdkwmu tmPm&SifawGeJY yl;aygif;raqmif&Gufjcif;tm;jzifh ]]Ed tmPmudk pepfwusjyefvnf½w k o f rd ;f ,ljcif; jzpfygw,f/ jynfot l rsm;pk&UJ yl;aygif;aqmif &Gurf rI &wJt h cg tmPm&Siaf wG[m tkycf sKyzf &Ydk m rpGr;f omMuawmhygbl;/ Edik if aH &;tmPm[m ppfwyftBu;D Bu;D ydik x f m;rItay:rSmrlwnfwmr[kwyf gbl;/ jrefrmppfwyfrmS ppfom;(4)ode;f ausmf&Sdygw,f/ odkYaomf usaemfwdkYjynfolvlxkzufrSmu oef;(50)ausmf&Sdwm jzpfygw,f/ aocsmwmwckuawmh tmPm&SifawG[m usaemfwdkYwOD;pD&JUaemufrSm ppfom;wOD;pD csxm;NyD; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufvmapzdkY t"r®vkyfzdkY&m rwwfEdkifbl;qdkwmygyJ/ olwdkY vkyfEdkifwmu ppfwyftm;jzifh usaemfwdkYudkESdyfuGyf? usaemfwdkYudk aMumufvefYapNyD; olwdkY&JU trdefYawGudk emcHvmapa&;ygyJ/ vlxktrsm;pku emcHvmrSom tmPm&SifawGtwGuf tkycf sKyzf jYkd zpfEikd f ygw,f/ taMumufw&m;tm;jzifh tkycf sKyjf cif;jzpfygw,f/ Edik if aH &;tefwrk I qdkwmu 'DvkdoHo&mvnfaewJh zdESdyfrI? taMumufw&m;? yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIqdkwJh puf0idk ;f udk zsucf sK;d vdu k w f m ygyJ/ a':atmifqef;pkMunfukd MunfMh uygpd/Yk ol[m (6)ESpaf usmf tcsKyfcHcJh&w,f/ Ncdrf;ajcmufcHcJh&w,f/ tusnf;wefwJhapmfum; armfum;vkyfrIawG cHcJh&w,f/ 'gayrJhol[m rw&m;wJh tmPm&SifawG&JUtkyfcsKyfa&;eJY yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI rjyKygbl;/ tmPm&SifawG[m a':atmifqef;pkMunfudk axmifcs&ifcsEdkifygw,f/ 'gayrJh olwdkYtvdkusvkyfapzdkYawmh rpGrf;omygbl;/ vuf&SdtmPm&tpdk;&&JUtjrifawGeJY a':atmifqef;pkMunfu ajymcJzh ;l ygw,f/ ]]vuf oabmrwl o l t m;vH k ; u obm0tm;jzif h tvd k t avsmuf w k e f Y j yef c suf a wG [ m EdkifiHa&;tefwkrIawG ygy ygyJ}} wJ/h 'Dtjrift&qd&k if jrefrmjynfu jynfot l rsm;pk[m Edik if aH &; tefwkrIawGudk vufawGUtm;jzifhr[kwfawmifrS ESvHk;om;xJu vdkvdkvm;vm; pGJudkifvkyf aqmifchJ Muygw,f/ ,cktcsed u f awmh Edik if aH &;tefwrk v I yk if ef;awGukd ydNk y;D vkyaf qmif&r,fh tcsdefa&mufaeygNyD/
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
6
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf; tmPm&Siaf wG[m Edik if aH &;tmPmawGukd b,fu&ovJ
usaemfw[ Ykd m tmPm&Siaf wG b,fvt kd mPmud&k vmovJqw kd mudk ydo k zd Ykd vdt k yf ygw,f/ EdkifiHa&;tmPmqdkwm olYtvdkvdk&vmwmr[kwfygbl;/ EdkifiHa&;tmPm[m arG;&mygr[kwb f ;l / Edik if aH &;tmPmqdw k m yHyh ;kd rI? axmufyrhH ?I tm;jznfah y;rIawGeo YJ m &&Sv d m Muwm jzpfygw,f/ Edik if aH &;tmPm&JUt&if;tjrpfawG[m ae&mtESt YH jym;rSm wnf&adS eMu ygw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wGtm;vH;k ,kwpf t G qH;k &efuek &f pdS pftmPm&Sirf sm;tygt0if[m tJ'D tmPmt&if;tjrpfrsm;rSaeNy;D uif;vGwNf y;D &Sio f ef&yfwnfEikd Mf uwm r[kwyf gbl;/ Edik if aH &; tefwkrIenf;vrf;[m tmPm&Sifrsm;&JU 4if;wdkYtmPm&&Sd&m a&aomufjrpfrsm;udk jywf awmufapjcif;jzpfw,f/
tmPm&JUt&if;tjrpfawGu bmvJ tmPm&Siaf wG[m olwrYkd mS tkycf sKyyf ikd cf iG w hf &m;0if&adS Mumif;udk jynfoal wG,MkH unf apNyD; jynfolawGu olwdkYtvdkusyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIudk tvdk&Sdygw,f/ 'Dtjcif;t&mudk tmPmydkifrI(odkYr[kwf)w&m;0ifrIvdkY ac:qdkMuygw,f/ 'gudkvufcHvdkufwmeJY tmPm&Sif awG[m w&m;0iftrdefYay;cGifh&vmMuNyD; jynfolawG[m trdefYemcHMu&ygawmhw,f/ tmPmydkifrIudkvufcHav;pm;wJh woD;yk*¾vyk*¾dKvfrsm;? bmoma&;? vlrIa&;&macgif; aqmif r sm;? tzG J U tpnf ; rsm;eJ Y usm;uef M uygw,f / 'D t mPmyd k i f r I u d k quf v uf xde;f odr;f Edik af &;twGuf Oyrmtm;jzifh 'Dru kd a&pDuv kd v kd m;wJh oHCm? q&mawmfBu;D rsm;udk oHCmhtodkif;t0dkif;rS y,fxkwfjcif;awG vkyfvmMuygawmhw,f/ tmPm&SifawG[m EdkifiH wckvHk;udk tkyfcsKyfvnfywfzdkY olwdkYzmom rwwfEdkifMubl;qdkwm xif&Sm;ygw,f/ olwdkY twGuf 'g[m ½IyfaxG;eufeJvSygw,f/ 'gaMumifh tmPm&Siaf wG[m t,ltqoGwo f iG ;f ay;rI? Ncrd ;f ajcmufr?I rw&m;toH;k csrIawGeJY wdkif;jynf&JUpD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? EdkifiHa&;,EÅ&m;awGudk vnfywfatmif pGrf;aqmifEdkifr,fh vlom;t&if;tjrpfawG&JU yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI &&Sdvmatmif jyKMu &ygw,f/ 'DtmPm&JUt&if;tjrpfeq YJ ufpyfNy;D tmPm&Siaf wG[m tjcm;uRr;f usio f rl sm;&JU t&nftcsif;? A[kokw? todynmawGtay:udkvJ rSDcdkMu&ygw,f/ qdkMuygpdkY tmPm&Sif awG[m &JawG&UJ t&nftcsi;f eJY uRr;f usirf ?I av,mOfrLS ;awG&UJ t&nftcsi;f eJY uRr;f usirf ?I uGefysLwmynm&SifawG? ppfom;awG? q&m0efawG? pm&if;tif;ynm&SifawG? &xm;vrf; vkyo f m;awG? ,mOfarmif;olawG? v,form;awG? w,fvzD ek ;f jyifvyk o f m;awG? vQypf pfynm &SifawG? pufrIvkyfom;awGr&SdyJ tmPm&Sifpepfudk qufvuf&yfwnfEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl;/ NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
7
ppftpdk;&&JUay:vpDawGudk tmrcHtaumiftxnfazmfay;Edkifr,fh tpdk;&0efxrf;awGudk tmPm&SifawGu tvkyftmrcHrI? rqefYusifEdkif&ef Ncdrf;ajcmufrIawGeJY csKyfudkifMuw,f/ olwdkY[m vlrsm;pGm&JU yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIudk vdkygw,f/ tmPm&SifawG[m tpdk;&tmPmtjzpf vlxkeYJ vlrIpepfw&yfvHk;udkxdef;EdkifzdkY? trdeaYf y;apcdik ;f Edik zf Ykd ajrmufjrm;vSwhJ ½kyyf pön;f t&if;tjrpfawGvJ vkt d yfygw,f/ 'DtxJrmS aiGaMu;? &dum© ? ukeMf urf;? xkwv f yk Ef ikd pf rG ;f ? o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;? qufo, G af &;ud&, d mawG vnf; yg0ifygw,f/ 'D½yk yf pön;f t&if;tjrpfawGukd &&Szd Ykd toH;k csxed ;f csKyEf ikd zf t Ykd wGuf tmPm &Siaf wG[m tvkyo f rm;or*¾awGukd acsreI ;f Muygw,f/ t"r®vyk t f m;ay;apcdik ;f rIawG vkyf Muygw,f/ tmPm&Si&f UJ tdwu f yfukd aiGaMu;jznfah y;r,fh Edik if jH cm;&if;ES;D jry§ Ef o HS l ukeo f nf BuD;awGudkom tm;ay;aeMuygw,f/ wdkif;jynf&JUtzdk;wefopfawm? <u,f0wJh pD;yGm;a&; t&if;tjrpfawGukd a&mif;pm;avh&MdS uygw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG[m usaemfwu Ykd kd owfjzwfjcrd ;f ajcmufzYkd usaemfwpYkd m;r,fq h efawGuykd ga&mif;Ny;D vufeuf0,fMuygw,f/ aemufq;kH tpd;k & tay: onf;cHpw d u f ek cf rf;Ny;D jynfoal wGu tpd;k &cdik ;f ovd(k trdeaYf y;ovd)k rvkyMf u&muae ylaygif;aqmif&u G rf u I ½kd yk o f rd ;f Ny;D pwiftmPmzDqefvmMuwJt h cg tmPm&Siaf wG[m Ncrd ;f ajcmufrI? tjypfay;ta&;,lrI? 'Pfay;rIawGvkyfNyD; xdef;csKyfzdkYBudK;pm;Muygawmhw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wGtaeeJY Edik if aH &;acgif;aqmifrsm;eJY 'Dru kd a&pDta&;vIy&f mS ;olrsm;udk zrf;qD; jcif;;? ESdyfpufn§if;yrf;jcif;? owfjzwfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfNyD; jynfol oef;aygif;rsm;pGmudk aMumuf&GHUae&atmif? trdefYemcHvmMu&atmif Ncdrf;ajcmufMuygawmhw,f/ 'DtmPm&JU t&if;tjrpfawGukd tmPm&Siaf wGu ydik q f ikd w f mr[kwyf gbl;/ olw[ Ykd m tmPmudak rG;uwnf;u ygvmMuwmr[kwyf gbl;/ wu,fawmh 'DtmPm&JU t&if;tjrpf rsm;[m usaemfwdkYqDuyJ vmwmyg/ vlaerIpepfxJrS vlxkBuD;w&yfvHk;qDu usaemfwdkY&JU toif;tzGJUrsm;? vlrItodkif;t0ef;rsm;qDu vmwmyg/ 'gawGudk usaemfwdkY jyef,l&r,f/ 'gawGtm;vH;k udk usaemfwYkd ydik q f ikd yf gw,f/ Edik if aH &;tefwrk u I awmh tmPm&Siaf wGeYJ Edik if aH &; tmPmt&if;tjrpf? a&aomufjrpfawGukd tjrpfjzwfay;r,fh oifah wmfavQmu f efwhJ ud&, d m wpHkjzpfygw,f/ tyif[m ajrqDr&&if ñId;EGrf;&ovdk tmPmtjrpfjzwfcH&wJh tmPm&Sif [mvJ csdeJYNyD; aemufqHk;rSm us½HI;NyD; bHk;bHk;vJ&rSmjzpfygw,f/
tjcm;Edik if aH wGrmS Edik if aH &;tefwrk w I u kd yf eJG YJ atmify&JG &Scd MhJ uygovm; taotcsmyg/ Edik if aH ygif;rsm;pGmrSm wcsed u f tmPm&Siaf wGBu;D pd;k cJMh uayrJh ,ck vuf&rdS mS qufvufrBu;D pd;k Edik Mf uawmhygbl;/ taMumif;uawmh tus,t f jyeft Y m;jzifjh zpfap?
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
12
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
csw D ufjcif;? qE´jyjcif;rsm;txd yg0ifygw,f/ &ufpufwhJ ppftmPm&Sirf sm;vufxufrmS awmifrS 'Denf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tmPm&Sit f yk cf sKyaf &;pepfukd qefu Y siEf ikd Mf uygw,f/ qefu Y sif vIy&f mS ;olrsm; twGuv f nf; tEÅ&m,ftenf;eJt Y rsm;rqdk &Sw d wfMuygw,f/ odaYk omfvnf; 'DvdkoauFwoabmaqmifwJh qE´jyojcif;enf;oufoufjzifhawmh tmPm&Sifrsm;&JU vlxrk sm;tMum;wnf&adS ewJh tmPmcsed cf iG &f mS tajymif; tvJukd rjzpfay:apEdik yf gbl;/ Edik if aH &;tefwrk I tjcm;enf;vnf;rsm;pGm&Syd gw,f/ 'gawGuawmh jynforl sm;u tmPm&Sirf sm;eJU yl;aygif;aqmif&u G &f ef jiif;qefwt hJ cg bmjzpfvmrvJ/ ausmif;om;rsm;eJY oHCmrsm;u tmPm&Siaf wGukd trdeeYf mcH&efjiif;qefNy;D olw&Ykd UJ vGwv f yfciG ahf wGudk wd;k wuf usio hf ;kH vmwJt h cg bmjzpfvmrvJ/ ukeu f m;armif;olrsm; &JU rD;&xm;vkyo f m;rsm;u tpd;k &eJU ppfom;rsm;? ppftoHk;taqmifrsm;udk ydkYay;&ef jiif;qefMuwJhtcg bmjzpfvmrvJ/ v,form;rsm;u olwdkY&JUpyg;rsm;udk tpdk;&xH t"r®owfrSwfwJhaps;EIef;eJU a&mif;cs&ef jiif;qefMuwJh tcg bmjzpfvmrvJ/ &JawGuqE´jyolrsm;eJY 'Dru kd a&pDrsK;d csprf sm;udzk rf;qD;&ef jiif;qefMuwJt h cg bmjzpfvm rvJ/ ausmif;q&mrsm;u tmPm&Sirf sm;&JU 0g'jzefcY scd suf awGukd ausmif;awGrmS oifMum;&ef jiif;qefMuwJt h cg bmjzpfvmrvJ/ ppfom;rsm;u qE´jyol awGukd rSeaf tmifrypfvw kd t hJ wGuf acgif;ay:ausmyf pfwt hJ cg ppfom;awGu olw&Ykd UJ tcGihf ta&;rsm;twGuf ykeu f efMuwJt h cg? 'grSr[kwf t&yfom;t0wftpm;rsm;ud0k wfqifNy;D olwt Ykd &m&Srd sm;&JUcsKyu f idk rf aI tmufu ud, k af ,mifazsmufxu G af jy;wJt h cg bmawGjzpfvm rvJ/ ppfwyft&m&Sd rsm;u olwpYkd pfom;awGukd jynfoal wGu&kd ufpufpmG zdEydS &f ef trdeaYf y;wm awGrvkyfawmhwJhtcg bmjzpfvmrvJ/ owif;pmq&mrsm;eJY owif;aMunmolrsm;u tmPm&Sirf sm;&JU tvdrt f nmrsm;udk 0g'jzefU&efjiif;qefMuNy;D owif;rSerf sm;udjk zefaY 0um vGwv f yfwphJ mom;tjrifrsm;azmfjywJt h cg bmjzpfvmrvJ/ tmPm&Sirf sm; utrderYf sm;udk qufwkdufxkwfjyefaeNyD; EdkifiHwckvHk;rSm vkdufemvkyfudkifaqmif&GufrIr&SdawmhwJhtcg bmjzpfvm rvJ/ 'gawGuawmh urÇmay:&Sd Edik if w H umrSmjzpfymG ;cJw h hJ Edik if aH &;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlraI &;wdrYk mS ryl;aygif;raqmif&u G rf I OyrmtcsKUd yJ jzpfMuygw,f/ tJ'gtjyif tMurf;rzufyJ 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufwhJ ydrk x kd ad &mufwehJ nf;vrf;rsm;pGm udkvJ toHk;jyKEdkifygao;w,f/ 'Denf;awGuawmh tpdk;&½Hk;rsm;yHkrSefvIyf&Sm;aqmif&Guf aejcif;rSm ud, k x f v d ufa&muf 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Denf;rsm;rSm tpmiwfcH qE´jyjcif;? ½H;k rsm;ud0k ifa&muford ;f ydu k jf cif;? vrf;rsm;ay:wGif xdik cf sjcif;? vGwv f yfaom vlrt I zGUJ tpnf;rsm;wnfaxmifjcif; (Oyrmtm;jzifh aps;toif;rsm;? ausmif;&St d oif;rsm;? EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? aemufqHk; pifNydKiftpdk;&wnfaxmifjcif;? jynfolwdkYa&G;cs,f wifajrm§ ufxm;wJh trwfrsm;eJzY UJG pnf;xm;wJt h pd;k &udk todtrSwjf yKjcif;) Oyrmtm;jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGUJ csKy&f UJ w&m;0iftpd;k &udk todtrSwjf yKvu dk jf cif;yJ jzpfygw,f/
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
9
usaemfw&Ykd UJ ordik ;f udjk yefMunf&h if usaemfw&Ykd UJ 'kw, d tBurd af jrmuf vGwv f yfa&; wku d yf t JG a&;awmfyBkH u;D twGuf oifcef;pmrsm;pGm jyifqifxm;ay;cJw h m awGU&r,f/ usaemf wdkY&JU taz? tzkd;rsm;[m yxrtBudrf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJumvu EdkifiHa&;tefwkrI enf;vrf;awGoHk;cJhMuwm tcsuftvuf txift&Sm;yJ/ trsKd;om;aeYvdkYtrnfwGifcJhwJh 1920 'DZifbmv (5)&uf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;oydwftaMumif;udk usaemfwdkY aumif;aumif;odMuw,f/ 1936 rSm Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;[m ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifb0eJY oH;k vausmMf um ausmif;om;oydwu f q kd ifEcJT w hJ ,f/ 1938 rSm a&eHajrtvkyo f rm;awG[m (11)vausmMf um tvkyo f rm;oydwef YJ Edik if t H ESUH tjym;rSm qE´jyyGaJ wG? oydwaf wGqifEJT cJMh uw,f/ tMurf;rzufwhJ Edik if aH &;tefwrk w I u kd yf [ JG m usaemfwo Ykd rdik ;f rSm txift&Sm; wnf&cdS w hJ ,f/ 'gudk usaemfwt Ykd rSw&f Mu&r,f/ *kPv f jJ yKMu&r,f/ &efuek u f tmPm&Siaf wG[m ]]Edik if aH &;tefwrk }I }udk Edik if &H yfjcm;u oGi;f ukew f ck tjzpf? Edik if &H yfjcm;u taumufBurH w I cktjzpf aoG;xd;k rIawGjyKvyk Nf y;D tBurd af ygif;rsm;pGm ykwcf wfcMhJ uygw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG bmvdYk ykwcf wfaeMu&ovJqakd wmh Edik if aH &;tefwrk I wdkufyGJ[m olwdkYtmPmawGudk wdkufpm;ukefrSm odMuvdkYygyJ/ usaemfwdkY 'Drkdua&pD tiftm;pkawG ydNk y;D tm;aumif;vmr,f? ydNk y;D pkpnf;nDnw G v f mMur,f? jynfoal wG[mvJ tmPm&Sit f yk cf sKyaf &;udk raysmyf u kd Mf ubl;qdw k mawG olwjYkd rifawGUaeMuvdyYk jJ zpfw,f/
tmPm&Siw f Ukd \a'gufwikd rf sm; Edik if aH &;tefwrk q I w kd m odyu f x kd ad &mufygw,f/ taMumif;uawmh tmPm&Siaf wGeYJ tmPma&aomufjrpfawGudk jzwfawmufypfEdkifvdkYyJjzpfw,f/ tmPm&JUt&if;tjrpf awGjzpfwhJ tiftm;pkrsm;? toif;tzGUJ rsm;udk tmPm&JUa'gufwikd rf sm;vdaYk c:ygw,f/ tmPm &Sifpepfwckudk yHkaz:MunfhwJhtcg a'gufwdkifawGtay:rSm&yfwnfaewJh tdrfwvHk;eJY wlygw,f/ a'gufwikd af wGr&Sad wmhwt hJ cg tdr[ f m&yfwnfaevdYk r&awmhygbl;/ tmPm&Sif pepf&UJ a'gufwikd af wGu opfom;awG? 0g;awG? oHacsmif;awG? tkww f ikd f awGr[kww f myJ uGmygw,f/ a'gufwikd af wGuawmh tmPm&Sipf epfut kd yk cf sKyEf ikd zf Ykd Edik if aH &;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlraI &; t&if;tjrpfawGeYJ usm;uefaxmufuefay;xm;wJh tiftm;pkawG? vlraI &; toif;tzGUJ awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ MoZmtmPm wnfaqmufxm;yHu k Mkd unfw h hJ tcg tmPmudk axmufuefay;xm;wJh yifra'gufwidk af wGukd aocsmxif&mS ;pGmyJ cGjJ cm;awGU&Sd Edkifygw,f/
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
10
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
usaemfwaYkd cgif;aqmifrsm; odMuovdyk gbJ/ Edik if aH &;tefwrk [ I m tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ MoZmtmPm taqmuftOD;uae a'gufwikd af wGukd qG, J zl ,f&mS ;ypfzYkd enf;vrf;awGtrsm; Bu;D ay;aeygw,f/ usaemfwYkd wJtrd af qmufMuwJch g tdru f w kd ikd v f yk zf Ykd opftrsK;d tpm;trSm;udk a&G;cs,rf w d t hJ cg ] NcH }awGu wdww f w d q f w d q f w d ef YJ wajz;ajz;csi;f tdr&f UJ a'gufwikd af wGukd pm;ypfMuygvdrfhr,f/ tmPm&SifawG&JUa'gufwdkifawG[mvJ 'DOyrmtwkdif;ygyJ/ odyfNyD; NyKd ysuv f , G Mf uygw,f/ yxrydik ;f rSmawmh a'gufwikd af wG[mrodvu kd &f yJ wajz;ajz;eJcY sed YJ
tmPm&Sif (etz)
ppfwyf
&J jynolYppfESifh owif;ay;rsm;
0g' jzefYcsda&;
jynfolY 0efxrf;
Mu^hH zGUH pGr;f tm;&SiEf iS h f avmbom;rsm;
vmygw,f/ 'Daemufyikd ;f rSmawmh olw[ Ykd m 0eftav;Bu;D &JU'Pfukd rcHEikd Mf uawmhygbl;/ aemufq;kH rSmawmh a'gufwidk w f ckuaewck ,dr;f xd;k tufuNJG y;D bH;k bH;k vJNyKd vJ us&ygawmh w,f/ oHCmawGeYJ av;pm;MunfnKd z, G b f moma&;acgif;aqmifawG&UJ yl;aygif;aqmif&u G rf I rygyJ ppftmPm&Siaf wG[m w&m;0iftyk cf sKyyf ikd cf iG &hf zdS Ykd rjzpfEikd yf gbl;/ tu,fítvkyf trm;tiftm;pkrsm;u xkwv f yk rf EI eI ;f awG udk aES;auG;vku d &f if? uRr;f usio f yl nm&Sirf sm;u olwdkYynmawGudk xdefcsefxm;vdkuf&if tmPm&SifawGtzdkY vlYpGrf;tifvkyftm;awGr&½Hk omru tmPm&Sipf epfukd qufvufxed ;f odr;f zdrYk vG,yf gbl;/ ppfwyfxrJ mS &Sad ewJh usaemfwYkd rdbawG? nDtpfuakd rmifErS awG? om;orD;awGu usaemfw&Ykd UJ rdom;pkawGukd 'kua© y;zdu Yk pd aö wG rSm yg0ifaqmif&u G zf jYkd iif;qdck MhJ u&if tmPm&Siaf wGu usaemfwu Ykd kd ta&;,ltjypfray;Edik f Muawmhygbl;/ jynfov l x l k Bu;D u tpd;k &tkycf sKyo f al wGuq kd efu Y siv f mMuNy;D trdeaYf wGukd zDqefvmwJt h cg aemufq;kH rSm tmPm&Sipf epf[m NyKd usysupf ;D &awmhrmS jzpfygw,f/ 'Dtjzpftysuaf wG[m yHjk yifawG? '@m&DawG r[kwyf gbl;/ aus;vufawGrmS vnf; 'Doabmw&m;awGukd usaemfweYkd m;vnfMuNy;D om;yg/ tpm;tpmr&&if usaemfw&Ykd UJ uREJ mG ; wd&pämefawG aorSmyg/ a&r&if? pyg;ysK;d cif;awG ñI;d ajcmufNy;D aoukerf mS yg/ usaemfw[ Ykd m 'Dvykd J tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ MoZmtmPma&aomufjrpfawGukd jzwfawmufypfMu&r,f/
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
MuHh^zGHU? pGrf;tm;&SifESifh 0doravmom;rsm;
EdkifiHa&;tefwkrIrSm enf;vrf;rsm;pGm? vufeufrsm;pGm&Sdygw,f/ 'Dpmtkyfi,f&JU aemufyikd ;f rSm enf;vrf; tcsKUd udk pm&if;jyKpak zmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Edik if aH &;tefwrk eI nf;vrf;rsm; rdrd tjrifudk ½dk;om;pGmazmfxkwfjyjcif;}} uaeNy;D xJrmS todraf rGUqH;k enf;vrf;jzpfwhJ ]]rd Ed k i f i H a &;pepf B uD ; wck v H k ; }}udk Ncdrf;ajcmufEdkifwJh tqifhtjrifhqHk;? tiftm;tBuD;qHk; ]]Ed enf;awGtxd yg0ifygw,f/ tmPm&SifawG&JU tmPma'gufwdkifawGudk z,f&Sm;ypfEdkifzdkY 'Denf;vrf;rsm;udka&G;cs,fwJhtcgrSm txl;*½kpdkufa&G;cs,fMu&ygr,f/ tcsKdUenf;vrf; awG[m wpHkw&maom xl;jcm;wJh tajctaeeJUyJ avsmfnDygw,f/ usaemfwdkY[m usaemfwdkYacgif;aqmifawG *½kwpdkufa&G;cs,fxm;wJh oifhavsmfwJhenf;awGudk oHk;&rSmyg/ tcsKdUoauFawGeJUjyowJhenf;vrf;rsm;pGmvnf;&Sdygw,f/ 'Denf;vrf;rsm;jzifh jynfoal wG[m tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ rl0g'rsm;udk qefu Y siaf Mumif;? tajymif;tvJukd vdv k m;aMumif; jyoEdkifMuygw,f/ 'Denf;vrf;awGxJrSm toem;cHpmwifjcif;? qdkif;bkwfrsm;wifjcif;? wm;jrpfxm;aomtvHrsm;vTifhxljcif;? oauFwaqmifaomt a&mifrsm;0wfqifjyjcif;?
jynfolY0efxrf;
tmPm 0g'jzefYcsda&;
Edik if aH &;tefwrk &I UJ vufeufawGu bmawGvJ
&J? jynfolYppfESifh owif;ay;rsm;
tmPm&Sief tz\ tmPma'gufwikd rf sm;jyyHk
ppfwyf
axmuf v S r f ; a&;
axmufvSrf; a&;
11
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
16
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;udk aemufxyfESpfaygif;rsm;pGm ay:rvmapa&;? aemufwBudrf owfjzwfacsrIef;Edkifapa&;twGuf taMumif;jycsufaumif;wck&zdkY axmifacsmufwck yJ jzpfygw,f/ usaemfw[ Ykd m tMurf;zufru I t kd oH;k jyKzYkd vHUI aqmfvmrIawGukd jyif;jyif;xefxef qefu Y si&f ygvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfw&Ydk aJ 'goawGukd xde;f csKy&f ygvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfwYkd tMurf;r zufwJh EdkifiHa&;tefwkrIenf;vrf;rsm;tay:rSmyJ pGJpGJNrJNrJ &yfwnfMu&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'Denf;tm;jzifo h m usaemfw&Ykd UJ vIy&f mS ;olta&twGut f iftm;udk Bu;D xGm;apygvdrrhf ,f/ 'Denf;awG[m a':atmifqef;pkMunfu usaemfwu Ykd v kd yI &f mS ;zkYd awmif;qdak ewJeh nf;vrf; rsm;vJjzpfygw,f/
ppfwyfuakd &m b,fvv kd yk rf vJ yHrk eS af wG;ac:yHek nf;vrf;tm;jzifh ppfwyfwcke&YJ ifqikd &f mrSm ppfvufeufypön;f rsm; oH;k Ny;D wdu k cf u kd Mf uzdYk enf;vrf;om&Syd gw,f/ 'g[m usaemfwaYkd wmfveS af &;rSm rrSeyf gbl;/ yxrtm;jzifh jrefrmjynf'rD u kd a&pDvyI &f mS ;olawGukd tiftm;Bu;D rm;Ny;D vufeuftjynft h pHk &Sw d hJ ppfwyfwckeaYJ wGUzdYk wdu kd yf x JG x J nfah y;zd&Yk m rjzpfEikd yf gbl;/ 'kw, d tm;jzifh 'Dvw kd u kd cf u kd f cJ&h ifawmifrS jynfwiG ;f ppfBu;D [m jrefrmjynfot l rsm;tjym;udk zsuq f ;D ypfNy;D vlawG&m? axmifeYJ csaD oaprSm jzpfygw,f/ usaemfwYkd 'Dvrkd jzpfvMkd uygbl;/ wwd,tm;jzifh usaemfwYkd [m tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ ppfwyfukd ydNk y;D xdxad &mufa&mufacsreI ;f Edik rf ,fh tjcm;enf;vrf;wck &Sv d yYkd J jzpfygw,f/ 'guawmh Edik if aH &;tefwrk yI gyJ/ tus,t f jyefY tMurf;rzufyJ ryl;aygif;raqmif&u G rf aI wG jynfoal wGuvkyv f m MuwJt h cg ppfwyfenf;tm;jzifah csreI ;f zdYk odycf ufcyhJ gw,f/ usaemfwYkd tMurf;rzuforQ umvygwfv;kH tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ usaemfwt Ykd ay: tMurf;zufr[ I m olwt Ykd zdYk qd;k 0g;wJt h usK;d qufawGyJ oufa&mufapygw,f/ jynfwiG ;f eJY Edik if w H umu vlxak wG[m tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ ajAmifusus&ufpufru I jkd rif&wJt h cg olwu Ykd akd xmufco H l &Sad wmhrmS r[kwyf gbl;/ vlxk trsm; pk[m 'Dru kd a&pDvyI &f mS ;rIBu;D udk axmufcv H mMuygr,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ ppfwyf[m jyóem aygif;pHek YJ BuKH &ygvdrrhf ,f/ ppfwyftwGi;f u omrefwyfom;i,fawG[m pdw"f mwfa&;&m xdckdufvmygvdrfhr,f/ tvGeftusL;jzpfvmwJhtcg onf;rcHEdkifawmhwJhtxd jzpfvmyg vdrrhf ,f/ trdeaYf wGukd aqmif&u G zf Ykd wkeaYf ES;vmygvdrrhf ,f/ aemufq;kH xGuaf jy;jcif;? ykeu f ef jcif;rsm; jzpfvmygvdrrhf ,f/ yHkrSeftm;jzifh ppfom;wa,muf[m ppfAdkvfwa,muf&JU trdefYudkemcH&ygw,f/ taMumif;uawmh emcHzYkd 0wå&m;&Sw d ,fvYkd ,lqvdyYk jJ zpfygw,f/ taMumif;uawmh emcHzYkd
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
13
'Denf;vrf;rsm;udk tiftm;tvHt k avmuf&jdS cif;? umva'oESit hf nD rSeu f efpmG toH;k jyKEikd jf cif;? tMurf;rzufaomenf;vrf;rsm;udk pnf;urf;wustoH;k jyKjcif;? wpHw k &maom twkid ;f twmtxd a&&Snq f x JG m; Edik jf cif; ponfwu Ykd kd pepfwus aygif;pyftoH;k jyKjcif;tm; jzifh 'Denf;vrf;rsm;[m tvGex f ad &mufaom tvGet f m;aumif;aom enf;rsm;jzpfaMumif; odomapygw,f/ 'Dvkd Edik if aH &;tefwrk eI nf;vrf;rsm;udk toH;k jyKvyI &f mS ;jcif;tm;jzifh vlxrk sm; tzdUk tmPm&Sirf sm;\ppfwyfxuf tiftm;omvGev f mygvdrrhf ,f/ vlxrk sm;tzdYk tMurf; rzufwdkufenf;rsm;\ pnf;urf;userI? enf;y&d,m,f r[mAsL[mrsm;udk toHk;jyKwdkuf cdu k ef nf;udk aumif;aumif;od&ydS gu Edik if aH &;tefwrk eI nf;vrf;udk toH;k jyKwu dk cf u kd af ewJh jynolrsm;tzdUk ydrk t kd usK;d aus;Zl;&SEd ikd yf g vdrrhf ,f/ 'Drdkua&pDtwGuf EdkifiHa&;tefwkrIwkdufyGJ[m pwifESifhNyD;jzpfw,f/ usaemfwdkY acgif;aqmifrsm;u EdkifiHa&;tefwkrIwdkufyGJrsm;twGuf pepfwustpDtpOfrsm; MuHpnf a&;qGx J m;Bu;D jzpfw,f/ usaemfw[ Ykd m rnhMH uygbl;/ tmPm&Siaf wGuNkd zKd cszUkd qd&k if vdrm® yg; eyfpmG jyKvyk Mf u&ygvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfwt Ykd iftm;csed UJ aepOfumvrSm pdwu f ;l ,OfNy;D NzKd vyJS pfzYkd BudK;pm;cJh&if ½IH;edrfh&ygvdrfhr,f/ ,cifuxufydkwJh aMumuf&GHUtm;i,fpdwfrsKd; xyfjzpfyg vdrfhr,f/ 'gaMumifh usaemfwdkY[m EdkifiHa&;tefwkrItaMumif;udk wwfEdkiforQrsm;rsm; avhvmNyD; wdkufyGJ&JUtqifhwdkif;rSm pepfwuspDrHudef;a&;qGJNyD; vkyfoGm;MuzdkY vdkygw,f/ usaemfwUkd rSm tmPm&SiNf yKd usapEdik af vmufwhJ tiftm;awG&v dS matmif vky&f rSmyg/ 'grSom tmPm&Siaf wG[m NyKd usysupf ;D ukeyf gvdrrhf ,f/
tmPm&Siaf wGu b,fvw kd ek jYf yefMurvJ tmPm&SifawG[m olwdkYus½IH;rSmudk rvdkvm;Muygbl;/ 'gaMumifhvnf; olwdkY&JU owif;pm? ½kyjf rifoH Mum;uaeNy;D Edik if aH &;tefwrk u I kd tBurd Bf urd yf w k cf wf wku d cf u kd cf MhJ uwm jzpfygw,f/ olwu Ykd usaemfwu Ykd kd Edik if H a&;tefwrk q I w kd m Edik if u H zkd ½dzk &JjzpfapNy;D Edik if jH cm;om; awG&UJ aoG;xd;k rItjzpf ,HMk unfapcsiMf uygw,f/ olwYkd rSm;,Gi;f aewmudk olwo Ykd Md uygw,f/ Ekid if aH &;tefwrk w I u kd yf q JG w kd m jrefrmjyolawGuyJ ydik q f ikd yf gw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG[m 'Dwu kd yf JG yHo k @mefawGukd acsreI ;f rSmrvGyJ g/ zrf;Mur,f? ESyd pf ufMur,f? ½du k yf w k Mf ur,f? axmifcs r,f? owfjzwfr,f? aemufyw d q f ;kH tpkvu kd t f NyKH vu kd f owfjzwfEikd yf gao;w,f/ odaYk yr,fh vnf; usaemfwu Ykd tvH;k t&if;eJU jynfwiG ;f ppfBu;D qifEw JT mxufpm&if xdcu kd u f sq;kH rI[m trsm;Bu;D enf;yg;vdrrhf ,fqw kd m aocsmygw,f/ usaemfwYkd owdBu;D pGmxm;Mu&ygvdrrhf ,f/ ordik ;f u usaemfwu Ykd kd trSw&f aeygvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ vkyaf qmifcsuaf wGaMumifh usaemf
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
14
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
wdkY&JUrsKd;qufopfuav;i,fawG[m vGwfvyfwJh'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfopfrSm aysmf&TifpGm aexdkifMu&ygvdrfhr,f/
usaemfw&Ykd UJ aMumuf&UG pH w d af wGukd b,fvv kd yk Mf urvJ aMumufpw d u f kd em;vnfEikd Mf uygw,f/ aMumufpdwfqdkwm tEÅ&m,feJY&ifqdkif vm&wJhtcg obm0 tavsmuf wkefYjyefrIwckyJjzpfygw,f/ usaemfwjYkdrefrmjynforl sm;[m tmPm&Sirf sm;&JU&ufpufraI tmufrmS aMumuf&UHG Ny;D aevmcJMh u&ygw,f/ aMumuf&UHG pdw&f w dS m &Supf &mr[kwyf g/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ om;awG? orD;awG? vifom;awG? ZeD;r,m;awG? zcifawG? rdcifawG b,favmufaoqH;k cJMh uNyv D /J 'gayrJh usaemfweYkd m;vnfxm;&rSmu tmPm&Siaf wG [m wrifoufouf taMumufw&m;tm;jzift h yk pf ;kd Ny;D usaemfwu Ykd kd tpOfojzifah Mumuf&UHG usKd;EGHaeapcsifwmjzpfygw,f/ taMumufw&m;[m tmPm&SifawG&JU vufpGJvufeuf wckjzpfygw,f/ usaemfwdkY&JUb0awGudk wdk;wufajymif;vJapcsif&if 'DaMumuf&GHUrI awG&UJ MoZmudk ausmv f mT ;Edik zf Ykd usaemfwaYkd vhvmMu&ygvdrrhf ,f/ ppfom;awG[m olw&Ykd UJ taMumufw&m;udk xde;f odr;f Edik zf Ykd avhusiMhf u&ovdk usaemfwv Ykd J tqifq h ifh avhusihf ,lEdkifMuygw,f/ usaemfwdkY[m tmPm&SifawGuwkeYfjyefvmEkdifrIudk BudKwifwGufqNyD; tvpftiku d rf cH&a&;twGuf usaemfwt Ykd wGi;f rSm BuKd wifaqG;aEG;xm;Mu&if oufomEdik f ygw,f/ xl;jcm;wJh tajctaew&yfrmS usaemfwb Ykd mvky&f r,fqw kd m BuKd wifox d m;&if oufomygw,f/ &Jom;rsm;eJU ppfom;rsm;udk rvdv k m;tyfwhJ wdu k cf u kd yf w k cf wfjcif;awGukd a&SmifusO&f ygvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ enf;vrf;rsm;udk vdrm® yg;eyfpmG a&G;cs,Mf u&yg vdrrhf ,f/ tEÅ&m,fenf;yg;wJh pGepYf m;rIvyk if ef;rsm;udk a&G;cs,Ef ikd Mf uygw,f/ usaemfw[ Ykd m tmPm&Sif awGudk tmPmqufvufwnfNrJaecGifhay;xm;&if aemufxyf usaemfwdkYjynfolawG trsm;BuD;xdcdkufaoaMu&r,fqdkwm usaemfwdkYem;vnf&ygvdrfhr,f/ EdkifiHa&;tefwkrI wdu k yf t JG m;jzifh tMurf;zufyek u f efrx I uf txdtcdu k ef nf;Edik w f ,fqw kd mudk usaemfwt Ykd od trSwfjyKMu&ygr,f/ EdkifiHa&;tefwkrIenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;rSm &ufpufwJh tmPm&Sirf sm;pGmudk atmifjrifcMhJ uwm usaemfwYkd trSw&f Edik Mf uygw,f/ usaemfwYkd atmifyJG &wJhtcsdefusrS txdtcdkufenf;cJhwmudk oabmaygufMu&ygvdrfhr,f/ usaemfwdkYEdkifiH&JU 'Dru kd a&pDa&;? wkid ;f &if;om;ta&;awG[m rGejf rwfwt hJ a&;awGjzpfygw,f/ a':atmifqef; pkMunf[m owå&d NdS y;D wnfMunfcidk rf mwJh acgif;aqmifjzpfygw,f/ ol[m usaemfwjYkd ynfol awGukd cspw f ,f/ usaemfwt Ykd a&;twGuf axmufc&H usK;d vJ eyfygw,f/ usaemfwYkd wcgw&H aMumuf&GHUMuwmudk 0efcHEdkifygw,f/ 'gayrJh taMumufw&m;udkwGef;vSefNyD; oleJYtwl
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
15
&yfwnfzdkY vkdygw,f/ ]]taMumuf taMumuf w &m;rS uif ; a0;jcif ; tm;jzih f }} tmPm&Sifpepf tqH;k owfa&;eJY zuf'&,f'rD u kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfwnfaxmifa&;rSm rsm;pGmtusK;d &Sad pEdik yf gw,f/ usaemfwYkd vkyEf ikd Mf uygw,f/
tMurf;zufawmfveS af &;w&yfvJ rvdt k yfb;l vm; Edik if aH &;tefwrk w I u kd yf rJG mS atmifjrif&eftwGuf tMurf;zufrrI vdt k yfyg/ vufawGU wGif tMurf;zufrIvkyf&yfrsm;aMumifh tMurf;rzufwkdufyGJ\&vm'fudk tm;enf;apNyD; qd;k usK;d rsm; jzpfay:vmEdik yf gw,f/ wcgu *E´aD jymzl;ygw,f/ NAw d o d Qtpd;k &&JU tMurf;zufrI us aemfwdkY[m rsufvHk;wvHk; vky&f yfrsm;udk wkeUf jyefvufpm;ajczdYk vkrd vdek UJ yufoufNy;D ]]us twGuf rsufvHk;wvHk;? oGm;wacsmif;twGuf oGm;wacsmif;rludk vdkufemcJhMu vdkY&Sd&if usaemf w d k Y t m;vH k ; [mrsuf p d a wG u ef ; NyD ; oG m ;vnf ; wacsmif ; rS usef a wmh r S m r[k w f awmh y gbl ; }} usaemfwdkY[m usaemfwdkYEdkifiHrSmjzpfay:aewJh tMurf;zufrIoHo&mudk ½du k zf sucf sK;d zdYk jzpfygw,f/ 'Doo H &ma&pD; aMumif;twdik ;f oGm;aezdYk r[kwyf g/ usaemfww Ykd ckowd&Mu&rSmu ,aeYumvrSm tmPm&Siaf wGvufxrJ mS ppftif tm;tqrwefomvGerf I &Sw d ,f/ usaemfwYkd vufeufuakd wmfveS af &;qifEzJT BYkd uKd ;pm;cJ&h if tmPm&Siaf wGrmS tusK;d tjrwf&rdS mS rvGyJ g/ olw[ Ykd m usaemfwu Ykd akd csreI ;f ypfrmS aocsm ygw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG[m usaemfwu Ykd kd tMurf;zufraI wGusL;vGezf Ykd trSeyf v J v kd m;Muyg w,f/ bmaMumifv h J qdak wmh 'DtMurf;zufraI wGut kd aMumif;jyKNy;D usaemfwu Ykd ½kd UIH csEikd yf gw,f/ usaemfwdkY&JU'Drdkua&pDta&;twGuf jynfwGif;eJUEdkifiHwumaxmufcHrIawG avsmhusoGm; apEdik yf gw,f/ 'ghtjyif tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ tMurf;zufEydS u f yG rf t I wGuv f nf; qifajcaumif; awG &apEdik yf gw,f/ 1988 tMurf;rzufwhJ tH<k uawmif;qdrk BI u;D udk jyeftrSwf &Edik yf gw,f/ trsm;pkBu;D u tMurf;rzufvyI &f mS ;cJMh uayrJh tenf;pkuav;&JU tMurf;zufru I t kd Mumif; jyKNy;D ppftmPm&Siaf wGu axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom tjypfrjhJ ynfov l x l Bk u;D udk owfjzwfchJ w&m;Oya'jyefvnfpdk;rdk;&efvdktyfaMumif;}} ygw,f/ ppftmPm&Siaf wGu Edik if w H umudk ]]w&m;Oya'jyef ajymjyMuygw,f/ ('DtaMumif;jycsuftwGufyJ usaemfwdkY&JU'Drdkua&pDol&Jaumif;rsm;udk ypfowfcJhMuygw,f) usaemfwo Ykd wd&Mu&rSmu tmPm&Siaf wG[m olw&Ykd UJ olvQK'd vefawGukd usaemfwYkd twGif;rSmjr§yfESHNyD; tBurf;zufrIvkyf&yfrsm;udk a&maxG;vmaprSmjzpfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm tmPm&Sirf sm;u vufO;D rItcGiahf umif;,lNy;D usaemfwu Ykd kd ypfcwfErdS ef if;Edik yf gw,f/ 'g[m
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
20
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
xdef;odrf;&ygr,f/ tmPm&Sifrsm;u tMurf;zufzdESdyfrI? vIHUaqmfrIrsm;&Sdonfhwdkifatmif tMurf;zufru I kd usaemfwv Ykd ;kH 0 a&SmifusO&f ygvdrrhf ,f/ bmaMumifv h q J akd wmh tMurf;zufrI aMumifh usaemfwdkYus½HI;Edkifygw,f/ usaemfwdkY[m usaemfwdkY&JUwkdufyGJenf;vrf;jzpfwJh Edik if aH &;tefwrk eI nf;vrf;oufoufuykd J pGNJ rpJ mG toH;k jyKMu&ygr,f/
toif;tyif;rsm;zGUJ &ef rvdt k yfb;l vm; taotcsm vdt k yfygw,f/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ 'Dru kd a&pDtoif;tzGUJ rsm;[m usaemfwYkd vIy&f mS ;rI&UJ tajccH jzpfygw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG[m usaemfwv Ykd rl t I zGUJ tpnf;rSm&Sw d hJ toif; tyif;rsm;udk csKyfudkifzdkYBudK;pm;NyD; olwdkY&JUtmPmckdifNrJvmatmif vkyfwwfMuygw,f/ olwdkY&JUtkyfcsKyfrIudk jyif;jyif;xefxefqefYusifrIrjzpfatmifvnf; umuG,fMuygw,f/ jynfow l &Ykd UJ vGwaf jrmufa&;wdu k yf rJG mS usaemfw[ Ykd m tzGUJ tpnf;topfawGukd rsm;rsm;zGUJ ? &SdNyD;om;toif;tzGJUrsm;udk xdef;csKyfEdkifatmifBudK;pm;? NyD;awmh 'Drdkua&pDaxmufcHwJh tiftm;pkawGjzpfvmatmif vky&f r,f/ usaemfwt Ykd zGUJ tpnf;rsm;udk ydrk zkd UJG pnf;vmEkid ?f ydrk x kd ed ;f csKyv f mEdik w f meJt Y rQ usaemf wdkY&JUa'gufwdkifrsm;udk ydkrdkzefwD;EdkifMuwm jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmjynf[m usaemfwdkYEkdifiHyg/ tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ Edik if rH [kwyf g/ 'gudk tNro J wd&Mu&r,f/ 'Dvb kd J usaemfw&Ykd UJ tcGit hf vrf; awGuvnf; usaemfw&Ykd UJ vdt k yfcsuaf wGukd jznfq h ;D zdjYk zpfNy;D vufwqkypf mtmPm&Siaf wGukd tusKd;jyKzdkYr[kwfbl;/ rnfonfhtzGJUtpnf;rqdk BuD;i,fr[l 4if;wdkYudk,fydkifusifhoHk;EdkifwJh tmPm&Sd ygw,f/ tzGUJ tpnf;Bu;D vmwmeJt Y rQ? vIy&f mS ;rIt0ef;t0dik ;f us,jf yefNY y;D tpGr;f xda&muf vmwmeJt Y rQ tmPmusio hf ;kH Edik rf [ I m ydrk rkd sm;jym;vmygw,f/ usaemfwrYkd mS tmPm&Sirf sm; wd k u f c d k u f c sKd ; ES d r f x m;wJ h M um;xJ u &S i f o ef & yf w nf a eEd k i f w J h vG w f v yf w J h tzGJUtpnf;tcsKdU&Sdygw,f/ usaemfwdkY[m 'DtzGJUtpnf;awGudk umuG,fay;zdkY? olwdkY&JU vGwfvyfrIe,fy,ft0ef;udkus,fjyefYapzdkY ulnD&efwm0ef&SdMuygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh – trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGUJ csKyf jzpfygw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wGu trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGUJ csKyu f kd acsreI ;f ypfz?Ykd w&m;r0ifaMunmypfz(Ykd rw&m;toif;aMunmjcif;) usaemfwt Ykd aeeJY tcGihf ta&; ray;oifyh gbl;/ 'DvdktzGJUtpnf;awGMum;xJu 'Drdkua&pD&SifoefzHGUNzdK;vmrIudk tmPm&Sifrsm;u ESpv f ½kd pI rd Mhf urSm r[kwyf gbl;/ olw[ Ykd m usaemfw&Ykd UJ tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;udk zdEydS v f mrSmrkcsyg/ 'Dvzkd Ed ydS v f mcJ&h if tmPm&Sirf sm;&JU zdEydS rf t I qifw h ikd ;f rSm Edik if aH &;tefwrk t I wGuf ppfajrjyif
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
17
0wå&m;&Sw d ,fvYkd ,lqvdyYk jJ zpfygw,f/ 'gayrJh w&m;r0ifw(hJ odrYk [kw)f w&m;0ifrv I ;kH 0r&Sw d hJ tmPm&Siw f pk&UJ ay;vmwJt h rderYf sm;udek mcHzYkd wm0efr&SMd uygbl;/ ppfom;wOD;[m Nird ;f csr;f pGm qE´jyaewJh ausmif;om;? oHCm? tvkyo f rm;? v,form;? tmPm&Sirf sm;eJY oabmrwlwhJ tjcm;aomjynforl sm;udyk pfowfzYkd wm0efr&SMd uygbl;/ ae0if;&JUaemufvu kd rf sm;[m Armh wyfrawmfukd t&Su&f apcJw h ,f/ Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;wnfaxmifcw hJ hJ wyfrawmf&UJ *kPo f u d m© udv k nf; ñI;d EGr;f apcJw h ,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG[m olw&Ykd UJ om;auR;rI? r,m;auR;rItwGuf aiGvdktyfaeMuwJholawGudk wyfxJ0ifapcJhw,f/ 'DvdkeJY qE´tavsmufwyfxJ0ifolrsm; tvHktavmufr&awmhwJhtcg vli,fvl&G,fawGeJY aemufqHk; vlrr,ft&G,frsm;udkyg t"r®ppfom;pkaqmif; Muawmhw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG[m 'Dvv kd il ,fav;awGukd jynfov l x l k tay: &ufpufMurf;MuKww f hJ ppfom;rsm;jzpfatmif toGiaf jymif;cJMh uw,f/ vlx&k UJ ay;tyfxm;wJt h mPmudk tvGo J ;kH pm;jyKvyk zf ?Ykd ppftmPm&Siaf wGatmufrmS jrefrmhwyfrawmftaeeJY w&m;r0ifwhJ trdet Yf mPmrsm;udk vku d ef mxrf;aqmifzYkd rvdt k yf awmhygbl;/ usaemfwdkY[m ppfwyftcsif;csif;wdkufyGJjzpfNyD; jynfwGif;ppftopfwck zefw;D rSmvnf; rvdv k m;bl;/ 'g[m usaemfw&Ykd UJ tajz r[kwyf gbl;/ 'grSr[kwf ppfwyfxu J t&m&Sw d csKUd u tmPmodr;f ,lNy;D ppfwyfu tkycf sKyaf &;udx k al xmifrmS vnf; rvdv k m;ygbl;/ 'g[m tmPm&Sit f opfw&yfyJ jzpfaerSmyg/ usaemfwv Ykd v kd m;wmu ppfom;awGeYJ ppfwyf[m b0wljynfov l x l t k ay:owf jzwfwm? vk,ufwm? rk'ed ;f usiw hf mawGukd &yfqikd ;f vdu k zf yYkd gyJ/ usaemfwdkYodem;vnfapcsif wmu 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd m t&nftaoG;&Sw d hJ wyfrawmfom;rsm;twGuf tEÅ&m,fwckr[kwf bl;qdkwmyJ / 'ghtjyif 'Dru kd a&pDacwfumvrSawmif aocsmavhusix hf m;wJ?h t&nftaoG; aumif;rGew f hJ wyfrawmfw&yfvt kd yfNy;D ppfom;ppfAv kd af wGukd vlxu k av;pm;MuwmygyJ/ usaemfwu Ykd jrefrmhwyfrawmfukd ppfwef;vsm;awGqD jyefapcsiMf uygw,f/ wyfrawmftaeeJY jrefrmjynfov l x l u k w&m;0ifa&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufxmwJt h pd;k &udo k m tvkyt f auR;jyK apvdMk uygw,f/ jrefrmhwyfrawmfrmS xGe;f ajymifwo hJ rdik ;f &Scd yhJ gw,f/ ppftmPm&Siaf wG aMumifh wyfrawmf&UJ xGe;f ajymifcw hJ hJ ordik ;f eJo Y u d m© udk rñI;d apvdMk uygbl;/ ppfAv kd pf pfom; awGuckd w k ;kH vkyNf y;D tmPm&Siaf wGu ppfwyfuo kd u d m© usatmifjyKvyk af erIrsm;udk &yfwef; u&yfatmifjyKvyk o f ifNh y;D jynfov l x l ak wG&UJ 'Dru dk a&pDvyI &f mS ;rItay: tMurf;zufErdS ef if;rI awGrmS yl;aygif;aqmif&u G zf Ykd jiif;qefaeoifyh gNy/D
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
18
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
Edik if aH &;tefwrk w I u kd yf rJG mS jynfot l rsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&u G v f mMuatmif b,fvv kd yk &f rvJ usaemfw[ Ykd m tajccHuswhJ pnf;urf;awGeYJ tqifih ,frsm;pGmuae pwifjzwfoef; &rSm jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmjynf[m usaemfw&Ykd UJ Edik if yH g/ bk;d bGm;tarGtESpt f &ydik q f ikd cf MhJ uNy;D om;pOfajr;quf usaemfwq Ykd ufvuf ydik q f ikd Mf u&rSmjzpfygw,f/ tmPm&Siaf wGyidk q f ikd w f hJ Edik if rH [kwyf gbl;/ usaemfwEYkd ikd if u H kd tmPm&Siaf wGvufu jyefv, k &l ygr,f/ usaemfwYkd ud, k u f saemfwYkd wefz;kd xm;Mu&ygvdrrhf ,f/ 'Dru kd a&pDta&;twGuf yHt k yfxm;wJh usaemfw&Ykd UJ pGrf;tm;awGudk ,HkMunfMu&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJ[m rsm;pGmtEÅ&m,f&SdaMumif; usaemfweYkd m; vnfxm;Muygw,f/ odaYk yrJh usaemfwrYkd o d m;pkawGtwGuf ydrk akd umif;rGepf mG aexkid &f r,fb h 0? &&Sv d mrJt h usK;d &v'f[m ydNk y;D Bu;D rm;ygw,f/ taMumufw&m;udzk ,f&mS ;Ny;D ? pepfwusOmPf&nfut kd oH;k csNy;D rvdv k m;tyfwhJ zdEydS v f mrIawGukd a&Smif&mS ;Mu&ygvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfwt Ykd pGr;f tprJjh zpfaewm ,m,DygyJ/ usaemfwu Ykd , kd u f saemfwYkd vGwaf jrmufzt Ykd iftm; pkawG pkpnf;Edik w f meJt Y rQ taES;eJt Y jrefqo kd vdk atmifycJG MH u&rSmyg/ usaemfw[ Ykd m usaemfwaYkd cgif;aqmifawGcsrw S af y;wJh Edik if aH &;tefwrk t I pDtpOf twdik ;f vdu k ef mMu&ygvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ t&nftaoG;? tjyeftvSeef m;vnfr?I owå?d pnf;urf;? tjyeftvSeu f n l yD yhH ;kd rIwu Ykd kd cdik rf mapMu&ygr,f/ tmPm&Siaf wG&UJ a&aomufjrpf awGudkjzwfawmufzdkY usaemfwdkYrSm vHkavmufcdkifrmwJhtiftm;? pnf;urf;awG&SdrSom tmPm&Sipf epf[m NyKd ysuu f svmrSmjzpfygw,f/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ 'Dru kd a&pDvyI &f mS ;rItiftm;aumif;vmzdYk vkyaf qmifEikd w f hJ enf;vrf; rsm;pGm&Syd gw,f/ ½d;k &Si;f vG,u f Nl y;D tEÅ&m,fenf;yg;wJh pGepYf m;rIvyk if ef;awGeYJ usaemfww Ykd u kd yf JG awGudkpwifNyD; usaemfwdkYtiftm;udk wnfaqmuf&ygr,f/ usaemfwdkYvIyf&Sm;rIawG[m usaemfwdkYr[mAsL[meJU wom;wnf;usNyD; usaemfwdkY'Drdkua&pDtzGJUawG&JU ñTefMum;rI twkid ;f om jzpf&ygr,f/ usaemfwt Ykd m;vH;k yg0ifaqmif&u G Ef ikd Mf uygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh – • a':atmifqef;pkMunfukd *kPjf yKjcif;? ol\a&;om;rIrsm;udk zwf½jI cif;? vufqifhurf;jcif;jzpfEdkifygu olr\w&m;yGJrsm;odkY wufa&mufjcif;? olr\a[majymcsuw f yd af cGrsm;udk jzefaY 0jcif;/ • 'Dru kd &ufwpfjrefrmhtoH? bDbpD ?D AGt D akd t? vGwv f yfaomtm&StoHwu Ykd kd em;axmif&ef acwfNydKifESifh tjcm;'Drdkua&pDpmapmif? pmwrf;rsm;udk zwf½jI cif;? tjcm;olrsm;udv k nf; wku d w f eG ;f jcif;/
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
19
• tmPm&Sirf sm;udk ajAmifziG [ hf tefw&k ef? tiftm;raumif;aom tcsed f txd tmPm&Sirf sm;ESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&u G rf u I kd wdww f qdwf rodrom avQmch s&ef? Oyrmtm;jzifh trderYf sm;udw k vGv J yk jf cif;? o,f,yl Ykd aqmifjcif;/ • owif;ay;[k rouFmolrsm;udk z,fusOx f m;jcif;? rSeaf omowif;rsm;udk ray;jcif;? yl;aygif;aqmif &Gu&f efjiif;qefjcif;? 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrsm; tMum; 4if;wdt Yk rnfrsm;udk jzefaY 0xm;jcif;/ • 'Drkdua&pDacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh qufom;rsm;udk c&D;oGm;vdk&mwGif ulnDay;jcif;? tpm;tpm? ydkufqHESifh t0wftpm;rsm;axmufyHhjcif;? vHNk cKH aomtdy, f mudk ay;jcif;/ • vlxu k kd &ufpufpmG acsreI ;f &ef ay;aomtrderYf sm;udk remcHvakd omaMumifh ppfwyfrSxGufajy;aom&Jabmfrsm;? ppfwyfodkYr0ifvdkaomvli,frsm;udk ulnDay;jcif;/ • tpd;k &\ vlxpk nf;a0;yGrJ sm;odYk qE´jyí rcsw D ufbaJ ejcif;? csw D ufvQif vnf; pdwrf yg rwufr<uvkyjf cif;/ • 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;\ oauFwta&mifrsm;udk 0wfqifjcif;? tdrrf sm;? vkyif ef;Xmersm;wGif wyfqifjcif;/ • t0wftpm;? qHyifypkH rH sm;udk enf;wrsK;d jzifh 0wfqifjcif; (odrYk [kw)f 'Dru kd a&pDacgif;aqmifrsm;udk axmufcaH Mumif;jyo&ef carmufrsm;udk 0wfqifjcif;/ • eH&rH sm;ay:wGif cGyaf 'gif;yHrk sm;udak &;qGjJ cif;? vlxjk rifuiG ;f wGif a'gif;rsm;udk tpmauR;jcif;/ • rdrdwdkY\b0wdk;wufa&;twGuf vGwfvyfpGmtjyKoabmaqmifaom vkyfief;rsm;udk tpdk;&cGifhjyKcsufrygbJ vkyfaqmifjcif;? Oyrmtm;jzifh a&wGi;f topfrsm;wl;jcif;? vrf;oef&Y iS ;f a&;jyKvyk jf cif;? ausmif;rsm;udjk yK jyifjcif; ponfwdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifygw,f/ txufyguJo h Ykd (odrYk [kw)f tvm;wlvyk if ef;rsm;[m 'Dru kd a&pDvyI &f mS ;rIrsm;udk rsm;pGm taxmuftuljzpfygw,f/ usaemfwt Ykd m;vH;k 'Denf;vrf;rsm;xJu tqifrh sm;udk rSefuefpGm pwiftoHk;jyKEdkifMuygw,f/ tcsKdUtqifhrsm;[m tEÅ&m,f&SdNyD; vdr®myg;eyfzdkY vdkygw,f/ usaemfwdkY tNrJowd&Mu&rSmu ppfom;aumif;wa,muf&JUpnf;urf;&SdrIrsKd; vdt k yfygw,f/ usaemfw&Ykd UJ ,HMk unfrt I wGuf owå&d zdS v Ykd t kd yfNy;D ? a':atmifqef;pkMunfukd pHerlem jyKMu&ygvdrrhf ,f/ tmPm&Siaf wGujyKvyk v f mr,fh Ncrd ;f ajcmufraI wGukd wnfNird pf mG ? ,HkMunfrI&SdpGm tmcHMuzdkYvdkygw,f/ rdrdwukd,f&nfpnf;urf;&SdrIeJY trdefYemcHwwfrIudkvJ
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
24
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
vGwv f yfa&;&ygNy/D 'gayrJh tmPm&Sipf epftopfwck jyefvnfvrT ;f rd;k zdYk BuKd ;pm; vmrSmudk usaemfwu Ykd muG,Mf u&OD;r,f/ tJ't D csed t f xd usaemfwrYkd mS jyóemaygif;pH?k tcuf tcJawGrsm;pGm BuKH ae&OD;rSmrvGyJ g/ usaemfw[ Ykd m 'Dru kd a&pDz,f'&,f jynfaxifpjk refrm Edik if aH wmfukd wnfaqmufomG ;MuzdYk &nf&, G x f m;wmeJt Y rQ 'Djyóemrsm;udk 'Dru kd a&pDenf;us ajz&Si;f oGm;Mu&rSmyg/ vuf&u dS mv[m usaemfwt Ykd wGuf ulou l ,forl ,fb h 0? aMumuf&UHG ae&wJb h 0 uae Ed;k xMu&awmhr,fh tcsed jf zpfygw,f/ usaemfw[ Ykd m owåx d eG ;f ajymifwhJ usaemfw&Ykd UJ 'kw, d tBurd v f w G v f yfa&;wdu k yf JG qifEaJT eMuol trsK;d om;aumif;? trsK ;d orD;aumif;awGeYJ yl;aygif;Mu&r,ft h csed yf g/ usaemfw[ Ykd m tmPm&Sipf epfuckd sKyNf ird ;f apzd?Yk 'Dru kd a&pDz,f'&,f jynfaxmifpw k nfaxmifzYkd Edik if aH &;tefwrk eI nf;udk oH;k Mu&ygr,f/ 'Dpepfuom usaemfwYkd jynfoal wG&UJ tusK;d udk aqmif&u G Ef ikd yf gvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfwt Ykd em*wf[m usaemfwv Ykd ufxrJ mS &Syd gw,f/ usaemfwrYkd mS a&G;cs,pf &mu &Si;f ygw,f/ uReb f 0eJY qufNy;D tESyd pf ufcrH vm;? 'Dru kd a&pDev YJ w G v f yfrt I wGuf wdu k yf 0JG if rvm; a&G;cs,Mf uzdjYk zpfygw,f/ tckcsed u f wdu k yf pJG Mu&ygvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfw[ Ykd m usaemfwYkd Edik if u H kd b,fvv kd w G af jrmufapr,fqw kd m odaeMuygNy/D usaemfwYkd nDñw G pf mG vkyaf qmif Muygpd/Yk usaemfwYkd vkyEf ikd yf gw,f/ usaemfwYkd rkcsvGwfajrmuf&ygr,f/
(aemufqw J )JG
tMurf;rJhwduk ef nf;rsm; tMurf;rJu h efu Y u G q f E´jyjcif;ESihf rdrb d ufygatmifqaJG qmifaomenf;vrf;rsm; pnf;urf;wus aMujimxkwfjyefcsufrsm; 1. vlxak [majymyGrJ sm;? 2. uefu Y u G pf mrsm;? 3. toif;tzGrYJ sm;\xkwjf yefaMunmcsurf sm;? 4. jynfov l x l u k vufrw S x f ;kd xm;aompmwrf;rsm;?
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
21
rsm;ozG,f jzpfvmygvdrrhf ,f/ usaemfwt Ykd zGUJ tpnf;rsm; &JU pnf;½H;k a&;pGr;f &nfawGjri§ w hf ifEikd zf Ykd usaemfwv Ykd yk if ef;rsm;pGm aqmif&u G Ef ikd yf gw,f/ usaemfwYkd atmufygvkyif ef;awGukd aqmif&u G f Edkifygw,f • usaemfwdkY[m EdkifiHa&;ygwD(odkYr[kwf)vGwfvyfwJhtoif;tzGJUwckck&JU toif;0iftjzpfyg0ifNy;D 4if;&JUvkyif ef;aqmifwmawGrmS yg0ifaqmif&u G f Edkifygw,f/ • Mu^hH zGUH toif;&JUtoif;0iftjzpfaeNy;D 4if;tzGUJ tpnf;csed aYJ tmif vkyEf ikd f ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 4if;toif;&JUypön;f Opömrsm; oH;k ypfjcif;? aumv [mvrsm;jzefaY 0jcif;? acgif;aqmifrsm;tay:a0zefjcif;? rauseyfrrI sm; rsm;jym;vmapjcif;? vkyif ef;aqmifwmrsm; aES;auG;apjcif;awG jzpfygw,f/ • trsm;tusK;d &Srd ,fh vkyif ef;aqmifwmawGvyk Ef ikd zf Ykd Edik if aH &;eJY rywfoufwhJ tzGUJ tpnf;rsm; xlaxmifEidk yf gw,f/ Oyrm – 0goem&Sirf sm;toif;? tm;upm;? *Dw? pdkufysKd;a&;? EdkifiHjcm;bmomoif pojzifhxl;jcm;wJh 0goemwl&m toif;tyif;rsK;d awG jzpfygw,f/ odaYk omfvnf; 'Dtoif; rsm;uae tpd;k &udyk iG yhf iG v hf if;vif; twdu k t f cHjyKzrYkd [kwyf J tmPm&Sif awGcsKyrf rI S uif;vGwaf tmifaezdyYk J jzpfygw,f/ • a':atmifqef;pkMunf&UJ vrf;ñTerf rI sm;udk rdryd g0ifaeaomtzGUJ tpnf;rS raoGzDatmifxdef;odrf;ay;jcif;? umuG,fay;jcif;? a':atmifqef;pk Munfuakd xmufcaH pjcif;? a':atmifqef;pkMunfEiS hf 'Dru kd a&pDvyI &f mS ; rIrsm;udk ydrk t kd iftm;&Sv d matmif pGr;f aqmifay;jcif;/ • Edik if aH &;tefwrk v I yk if ef;rsm; tav;xm;aom ]]vkyif ef;vrf;nTe}f }rsm;udk rdrdtzGJUtwGif;&SdtzGJU0ifrsm;rS usifhoHk;vmap&ef wGef;tm;ay;jcif;? þvkyfief;pOfrsm;xJwGif tMurf;zufvkyfief;rsKd;pHkrS a&SmifusOfjcif;? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfESifh tjcm;'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmifrsm;\ nTeMf um;csurf sm;twdik ;f aqmif&u G jf cif;? tmPm&Sirf sm;ESihf yl;aygif;aqmif &Guf&ef jiif;qefjcif;/ • oifhavsmfaom 'Drdkua&pDawmif;qdkcsufrsm;csrSwfjcif; (Oyrmtm;jzifh Edik if aH &;tusO;f rsm;tm;vH;k vTwaf y;&ef? 'Dru kd a&pDenf;t& a&G;aumuf wifajrm§ ufxm;aomtpd;k &udk tmPmvT&J ef? ppfa&;xd;k ppfrsm; csujf cif; &yfpJypf&ef ponfjzifh) • ,if;uJhodkY rdrdarQmfrSef;csufrsm;&&Sda&;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;nTefrsm;udk jyKp&k iS ;f jyay;xm;jcif; ponfwYkd jzpfayonf/
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
22
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
vIy&f mS ;rIukd ydrk t kd m;aumif;vmatmif tjcm;rnfonfv h yk if ef;rsm;jzifh aqmif&u G Ef ikd rf nfenf; usaemfwYkd tiftm;Bu;D vmwmeJt Y rQ 'Dru kd a&pDvyI &f mS ;rI[m vlxBk u;D w&yfv;kH Mum;rSm ysUH ESUH vmrSmjzpfygw,f/ usaemfw[ Ykd m tjcm;Edik if aH &;tefwrk eI nf;vrf;awGvJ toH;k jyK Edkifygao;w,f/ 'Denf;vrf;awGuawmh tmPm&SifawGudk tBuD;tus,fpdefac:vIyf&Sm; jcif;jzifh vIy&f mS ;olawGtwGuv f nf; tEÅ&m,fBu;D wwfw,f/ 'DvyI &f mS ;rItwdik ;f usaemfw[ Ykd m waoGrwdr;f vdu k ef mvkyaf qmifMu&ygr,f/ 'DvyI &f mS ;rItqifah wGuawmh • Edik if aH &;tefwrk EI iS q hf ikd af om vufurf;pmapmifrsm;jzefaY 0jcif;? tjcm; 'Dru kd a&pDpmtkypf mwrf;rsm; jzefaY 0jcif;/ • 'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;OD;aqmifaom tMurf;rzufcsDwufyGJ? tiftm;jyyGrJ sm;wGif yg0ifjcif;/ • tmPm&Sirf sm;aMumifh usq;kH cJ&h aomjynforl sm;? ol&aJ umif;rsm;twGuf trSwfw&aeYrsm;usif;yjcif;/ • tmPm&Sirf sm;udk rulnv D akd omaMumifh tcsKUd trde?Yf wm0efrsm;udk wrif wum rxrf;aqmifjcif;/ • ]]ppfom;rsm;udk usaemfwrYkd rke;f aMumif;? ulnaD y;rSjzpfaMumif;? ppfom;rsm; tzdYk jynforl sm;onf rdrd rdom;pkrsm;jzpfaMumif;? xkaYd Mumifh Nird ;f csr;f pGm aevdak omjynforl sm;udk rypfowf&ef}} ponfjzifh owif; rsm;jzefaY 0&ef/ • tcsKdUtpdk;&½Hk;rsm;wGif tcsKdUaomvkyfief;vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udk yvyf xm;jcif;? ½Iyaf xG;apjcif;/ • tmPm&Sifrsm;udk ajymifavSmifaom a<u;aMumfoHrsm;? vGwfvyfa&; a<u;aMumforH sm;udk eH&rH sm;ay:wGif a&;om;jcif;/ • tmPm&Sirf sm;rSusi;f yaom tpnf;ta0;tcsKUd udk rwufa&mufyaJ ejcif;? tmPm&Sirf sm;\ vkyt f m;ay;tvkyrf sm;udk rvkyb f aJ ejcif;? tmPm&Sif rsm;odYk ajrrsm;? rdrx d u G u f ek rf sm;udk ra&mif;bJaejcif;/ • zrf;qD;cH&rnfph m&if;ygolrsm;udk owday;csuaf y;ydjYk cif; (&Jrsm;ESiphf pfom; rsm;tzdYk þvkyif ef;udk vkyu f ikd Ef ikd yf gw,f/ tu,fí &SmazG&efapvTwf vdu k yf gu ]]&SmrawGUbl;}} ponfjzifh taMumif;jyEdik yf gw,f)/ • usq;kH oGm;aom rsK;d cspyf *k Kd¾ vw f OD;(odrYk [kw)f bmoma&;ud;k uG,rf t I ay: taMumif;jyí tvkyw f em&D &yfem;jcif;/
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
23
• wNydKifeufwnf; tdrfrsm;wGifaejcif;? vrf;rsm;ay:wGif vloluif;&Sif; aeapjcif;? ypfcwfvakd om ppfom;rsm;twGuf ypfp&mr&Sd vlou l if;&Si;f aeapjcif;/ • taxGaxGoydwBf u;D jzifh tpd;k &,EÅ&m;Bu;D tm; &yfpyJ pfjcif;/ txufyguJo h aYkd om Edik if aH &;tefwrk v I yk if ef;rsm;udk vkyEf ikd Mf uygw,f/ odaYk omf usaemfw'Ykd rD u kd a&pDacgif;aqmifrsm;&JU vrf;nTerf aI tmufrmS aqmif&u G Mf u&rSmyg/ þuJo h Ykd tEÅ&m,frsm;jym;wJhvkyfief;awGudk tcsdef udkufvkyfEdkifrSom tusKd;&Sdygw,f/ ‘gawGudk usaemfwaYkd cgif;aqmifrsm;u pDpOfneT Mf um;ygvdrrhf ,f/
rkcs vGwaf jrmuf&rnf Edik if aH &;tefwrk [ I m tmPm&Siaf wGtwGuf tBu;D tus,Nf crd ;f ajcmufryI J jzpfw,f/ bmaMumifv h q J akd wmh Edik if aH &;tefwrk &I UJ ADZoabmrSmudu k 'Dru dk a&pDwnfaqmufjcif; oabm aqmifwt hJ wGujf zpfw,f/ tmPm[m vlxq k u D qif;oufvmNy;D wcsed x f rJ mS yJ vlxu k v kd nf; tiftm;Bu;D xGm;vmapzdYk jzpfw,f/ Edik if aH &;tefwrk eI nf;awGuwqifh usaemf wd[ Yk m usaemfwt Ykd em*wfukd zefw;D Edik w f o hJ al wGjzpfvmr,f/ 'g[m jzpfvnf;jzpfoifw h ,f/ 'gayrJh vGwfvyfa&;&zdkY rnfrQMumrvJ/ 'g[mtcsufrsm;pGmtay: wnfrSDae ygw,f/ usaemfwdkY[m cGeftm;b,favmufBuD;rvm;ovJqdkwJhtay: wnfygw,f/ (5)ESpv f nf; MumEdik w f ,f/ (5)vyJ jzpf&ifvnf; jzpfygvdrrhf ,f/ 'gayrJh wrk[w k cf si;f awmh jzpfvmrSm r[kwyf gbl;/ vGwaf jrmufa&;vIy&f mS ;rIBu;D [m tpDtpOftvdu k f wqifNh y;D wqifh jrifw h ufvmrSm jzpfygw,f/ usaemfwt Ykd m;vH;k [m 'Dwu kd yf t JG qifw h ikd ;f rSm yg0ifvyI &f mS ;Edik f Muygw,f/ MoZmtmPmBuD;rm;vmwmeJYtrQ usaemfwdkY&nfrSef;csufawG ydkNyD;BuD;rm;pGm xm;Edkifygvdrfhr,f/ tu,fí usaemfwdkYtm;vHk;yg0ifvmwmeJYtrQ tmPm&SifawG&JU a'gufwidk af wG[m NyKd usysupf ;D &rSmyg/ olw&Ykd UJ w&m;0ifru I kd todtrSwrf jyK&if? uRr;f usio f l ynm&Sirf sm;&JU A[kow k t&nftaoG;awG r&&S&d if vlx&k UJ yl;aygif;aqmif&u G rf u I kd r&&if? pD;yGm;a&;udx k ed ;f csKyv f Ykd r&&if? tpd;k &0efxrf;rsm;&JUvkyif ef;awG r&&if? ppfwyfe&YJ aJ wGu trdeeYf mcHru I kd jiif;y,fvmvmMu&if? jynfoal wGu qeftzltvHrk pm;&&if? tmPm&Sif pepf[m NyKd u&JG rSmjzpfygw,f/ olw&Ykd UJ ab;em;u zdEydS af &;,EÅ&m;awG[m NyKd uu JG ek Mf uNy;D olwt Ykd mPmawGNyKd uv JG mwmeJt Y rQ tmPm&Siaf wG[m teD;pyfq;kH Edik if w H umavqdyq f u D kd ajy;zdo Yk m jyifMu&awmhrmS jzpfygw,f/
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
28
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf; ydkif&Sifrsm;ESifhtkyfcsKyfolwdkY\vIyf&Sm;rI 80. ukefonfoydwf? 81. aps;ra&mif;bJxm;jcif;? ypön;f rsm;? tdrrf sm; ra&mif;jcif;? 82. qdik af omhyw d x f m;jcif;? 83. pufrv I ufrt I ultnDrsm;ray;jcif;? 84. aps;onfrsm;\taxGaxGoydw?f b@maiGt&if;tESD;axmufyHholrsm;\vIyf&Sm;rI 85. bPfüoGi;f xm;aomaiGrsm;udk xkw, f jl cif;? 86. tzd;k tcrsm;? ta<u;rsm;? wef&mwefz;kd rsm; ray;bJxm;jcif;? 87. ta<u;rqyf? twd;k ray;bJaejcif;? 88. axmufyahH Mu;rsm;&yfpjJ cif;? 89. tcGet f aumufay;&efjiif;qefjcif;? 90. tpd;k &aiGrsm;udv k ufrjH cif;? tpdk;&rsm;\vIyf&Sm;rI 91. jynfwiG ;f ukeo f , G af &;&yfpjJ cif;? 92. ukeo f nfrsm;tm;emrnfysupf m&if;oGi;f jcif;? 93. Edik if w H umrSa&mif;csorl sm;u ta&mif;t0,f&yfqikd ;f jcif;? 94. Edik if w H umrS0,f,o l rl sm;u ta&mif;t0,f&yfqikd ;f jcif;? 95. EdkifiHwumrStultnD&yfqdkif;jcif;
oydwfrsm; txdrf;trSwfoydwfrsm; 96. uefYuGufqE´jyyGJrsm; 97. wr[kwcf si;f qE´jytvkycf iG rf x S u G cf mG oGm;jcif;? v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;oydwfrsm; 98. v,form;rsm;oydw?f &Gmol&mG om;rsm;oydw?f 99. v,f,mpdu k yf sK;d olrsm;oydw?f oD;oefYtkyfpkrsm;oydwf? 100. tvkyu f Rr;f usio f rl sm;\oydw?f 101. tusO;f om;oydw?f 102. vufryI nm&Sirf sm;oydw?f 103. ynm&Sv d yk o f m;rsm;oydw?f
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
25
5. ta&;,lrnf? w&m;pGrJ nf[k aMujimcsurf sm;? 6. vlpv k t l yk Ef iS chf sND y;D wifoiG ;f aom toem;cHpmrsm;? yefMum;vTmrsm;? vltrsm;Mum;a&mufatmif qufoG,fa&;rsm;jyKvkyfjcif; 7. oHcsy?f ½kyaf jymifEiS hf oauFwtrSwt f om;rsm;? 8. tvHrsm;? ydpk wmrsm;ESihf vltrsm;jrifavmufatmif pmwrf;rsm;jyoxm; jcif;? 9. pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;? vufvrf;pmapmifrsm;? pm&Gurf sm;? 10. pme,fZif;? owif;pmrsm;? 11. "gwfjym;rsm;? a&'D,Ekd iS hf ½kyjf rifoMH um;? 12. aumif;uifwiG f pmwrf;rsm;a&;aom rd;k ysaH MumfjimESihf ajrjyifaMumfjimrsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tvkdufudk,fpm;jyKjcif; 13. ud, k pf m;vS,v f w T jf cif;? 14. ysuf&,fjyKqkay;yGJrsm;? 15. tzGJUESifhrJqG,fjcif;? 16. oydww f m;jcif;? 17. ysu&f ,fjyKa&G;aumufyrJG sm; vlxktMum;[eftrlt&mrsm;ESifho½kyfazmfjcif; 18. tvHrsm;xljcif;? ta&miftaoG;rsm;ESijhf yojcif;? 19. t0wftpm;ESiv hf u©Pmrsm;jyojcif;? 20. qkawmif;0wfjyKrrI sm;? 21. oauFwtrSwt f om;rsm;ygonfyh pörsm;udk jzefaY 0jcif;? 22. ouFef;cRwfqE´jyyGJrsm;? 23. ud, k yf ikd yf pön;f rsm;zsuq f ;D jcif;? 24. rD;xGe;f ítxdr;f trSwjf yojcif;? 25. ½kyyf u kH m;csyrf sm; cif;usi;f jyojcif;? 26. aq;okwNf y;D uefu Y u G q f E´jyjcif;? 27. trSwt f om;opfrsm;? emrnfopfrsm;xkwjf yefjcif;? 28. tauFwygonft h oHrsm;vkyjf cif;? 29. jyefvnfo;fd ydu k rf jI yonfh vu©Pmrsm;? vlyk*¾dKvftvdkuf taESmifht,Sufay;jcif;/ 30. tpd;k &t&Sm&Srd sm;udk pdwaf jcmufjcm;vmatmifvyk jf cif;? 31. tpd;k &t&Sm&Srd sm;udk rcHcsrd cHomjzpfatmifvyk jf cif;?
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
26
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf; 32. &if;ES;D pGmtaygif;toif;vkyjf cif;? 33. Ed;k Mum;pGmaexdik jf cif; jyZmwfESifhtqdktwD; 34. [mojyZmwfEiS hf tajymiftysuyf rJG sm;? 35. jyZmwfEiS w hf ;D vH;k rsm;? 36. oDcsi;f oDqrkd rI sm;? pDwef;vSnfhvnfrIrsm; 37. csw D ufvrf;avQmufyrJG sm;? 38. pDwef;vSnv hf nfyrJG sm;? 39. bmoma&;pDwef;vSnv hf nfyrJG sm;? 40. bk&m;zl;oGm;jcif;? 41. armfawmfum;rsm;ESihf pDwef;vSnv hf nfarmif;ESijf cif;? uG,fvGefolrsm;tm;*kPfjyKjcif; 42. Edik if aH &;0rf;enf;aMuuGrJ jI yojcif;? 43. ysuf&,fjyKtokbrsm;? 44. qE´jyonft h okbrsm;? 45. okóefoo Ykd mG ;a&mufítav;jyKjcif;? vljrifuGif;rsm;wGifpk½Hk;Mujcif; 46. uefu Y u G rf t I wGu(f odrYk [kw)f axmufcrH t I wGuf pkpnf;jcif;? 47. uefu Y u G af &;pnf;a0;yGrJ sm;? 48. ½kyfzsufíqefYusifqE´jypnf;a0;yGJrsm;? 49. oifwef;ay;rsm;ay;jcif;? aemufqkwfjcif;ESifhpGefYvTwfjcif;rsm; 50. xGucf mG qE´jyjcif;rsm;? 51. wHP k b d ma0 qdwq f w d af ejcif;rsm;? 52. *kPx f ;l bGUJ wHqyd rf sm; jyefvnftyfEjHS cif;? pGev Yf w T jf cif;? 53. aemufausmcdik ;f xm;jcif;?
vlrIa&;tultnD? ,kdif;yif;rIrvkyfbJxm;Edkifonfhenf;rsm; rvdkvm;? rESpfoufolrsm;udk 0dkif;y,fjcif; 54. omoema&;oydw?f 55. uGuMf um;vlraI &;oydw?f
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
27
56. tzsuo f rm;rsm;udk vufyu kd Mf unfah ejcif;? 57. tquftoG,jf zwfawmufjcif;? 58. bmoma&;udprö sm;udak usmcdik ;f jcif;? &yf&Gmudpö? vlrIa&;udpö? bk&m;yGJ? w&m;yGJ? "avhxHk;pHESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm; ponfwdkYudk tultnDray;bJxm;vdkufjcif;enf;rsm; 59. &yf&GmwGif; aysmyGJ&TifyGJrsm;ESifh tm;upm;yGJrsm;udk &yfqdkif;xm;vdkufjcif;? 60. &yf&mG udprö sm;udo k ydwaf rSmufxm;jcif;? 61. ausmif;om;oydw?f 62. vlraI &;&mESiyhf wfoufonfh pnf;urf;rsm;udck sK;d azmufjcif;? 63. taysmw f rf;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rS EIwx f u G jf cif;? vlrIa&;yHkpHrSxGufjcif; 64. ud, k t hf rd x f rhJ mS ud, k af ejcif; 65. udk,fxdvufa&mufbmrQtultnDay;rIrjyKjcif;? 66. tvkyo f rm;rsm;? tkypf v k u dk t f vkyrf x S u G cf mG jcif;? 67. ab;rJch v kd jIH cif;/ 68. tpkvu kd t f jyKH vu kd f ud, k af ,mifazsmufjcif;? 69. qE´jyíjynfajy;vkyfvdkufjcif;
pD;yGm;a&;t&ulnD½ikd yf if;rI rjyKvkyo f nfeh nf;vrf;rsm; (odrYk [kw)f pD;yGm;a&;oydwf pm;oHk;olrsm;uvkyfaqmifEdkifaomt&mrsm; 70. pm;oH;k oloydw?f 71. oydwaf rSmufxmonfyh pön;f rsm;udk roH;k bJxm;jcif;? 72. NcdK;NcHacRwmjcif;? 73. tdrv f cray;yJxm;jcif;? 74. tdrrf iSm;yJaejcif;? 75. wkid ;f jynfw0Sr;f vH;k pm;oH;k oloydw?f 76. Edik if w H umpm;oH;k olrsm;oydwf tvkyform;ESifhukefxkwfvkyfolrsm;\vIyf&Sm;rI 77. tvkyo f rm;oydw?f 78. ukex f w k v f yk o f rl sm;oydw?f yGJpm;rsm;\vIyf&Sm;rI 79. ukeaf y;oGi;f olrsm;ESihf ukew f ifuek cf svyk o f rl sm;\oydw?f
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
32
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf; 181. tvkyfcGifwGif; xdkifoydwf? 182. tMurf;rzufonfh ajr,modr;f ,ljcif;? 183. ydwq f x Ykd m;onfwu Ykd kd z,fypfjcif;? 184. Edik if &H t&vkyaf qmif&onfrsm;udk twkta,mifjyKvyk jf cif;? 185. ypön;f rsm;udk BuKd wif0,f,o l akd vSmifxm;jcif;? 186. &ykdifcGifhypönf;rsm;udkodrf;jcif;? 187. vTifhypfjcif;? 188. tydkifpD;oifhonfwdkYudk tydkifpD;jcif;? 189. aps;uGuw f rsK;d xGijf cif;? 190. o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;pepfwrsK;d wnfaxmifjcif;? 191. pD;yGm;a&;tzGt J pnf;wrsK;d ajymif;Ny;D xm;jcif;? EdkifiHa&;t& 0ifa&mufpGufzufrI 192. tkyfcsKyfa&;pDrHcefYcGJrIpepfudk rEdkifreif;jzpfvmatmifvkyfay;jcif;? 193. vQKdU0SufaxmufvSrf;a&;at;*sifh rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif; azmfxkwfjy ojcif;? 194. axmifuscHjcif;? 195. bufrvdu k o f nfh Oya'rsm;udk zDqefjcif;? 196. vkycf ikd ;f onfrsm;udrk vkyb f J ud, k v f yk cf si&f rsm;udo k m qufvyk jf cif;? 197. ppfNyKd it f pd;k &axmifjcif;? pifNyKd ib f &k iftm; eef;xdik af pjcif;/
ààààààààà
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf;
29
104. tvkyf&Sifoydwf? 105. pufrv I ufro I ydw?f 106. qE´jyrItm; pmemaxmufct H m;ay;onft h aejzifh oydwaf rSmufjcif;? tuefYtowfxm;NyD; arSmufonfhoydwfrsm; 107. wdwu d susarSmufaomoydw?f tao;pdwpf Of;pm;Ny;D arSmufaomoydw?f 108. taESmuft,Sujf zpf½akH rSmufaomoydw?f 109. tvkyEf iS ahf ESmufaES;atmifarSmufaomoydw?f 110. ajyma&;qdck iG &hf atmifom tvky0f ifaeaMumif;jyojcif;? 111. aeraumif;í tvkyrf vm[k ajymqdjk cif;? 112. tvkyx f u G pf mwifjcif;? 113. tueft Y owfxm;Ny;D oydwaf rSmufjcif;? 114. ud, k phf w d Bf uKd ut f vdu k Mf unfNh y;D arSmufonfo h ydw?f taxGaxGpufrIvkyfief;oydwfrsm; 115. >cif;csux f m;Ny;D rSarSmufjcif;? 116. jynfv;kH uRwt f axGaxGoydw?f
EdkifiHa&;t&tultnDray;bJxm;jcif;enf;rsm; MoZmtmPmudk jiif;y,fvkdufjcif; 117. opömcHrvkyb f aJ ejcif;? opömcHtjzpfrES w I x f u G jf cif;? 118. vlxak xmufcrH u I kd jiif;y,fxm;jcif;? 119. twdu k t f cHzufuakd &SUaevdu k o f nfh pm&Gupf mwrf;a[majymyGrJ sm;? jynfolwdkYutpdk;&udktultnDray;bJaejcif; 120. Oya'jyKtzGUJ udk oydwaf rSmufjcif;? 121. a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk oydwaf rSmufjcif;? 122. tpd;k &tvky?f tpd;k &&mxl;rsm;udk oydwaf rSmufjcif;? 123. tpd;k &Xmersm;? XmecGrJ sm;? tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;udk oydwaf rSmufjcif;? 124. tpd;k &nma&;? ausmif;rsm;? tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rS EIwx f u G jf cif;? 125. tpd;k &taxmuftyHch H toif;tzGUJ rsm;udk oydwaf rSmufjcif;? 126. Oya'udk ckid v f w kH if;Muyfatmifvyk af eonf½h ;kH rsm;udk tultnDray;bJ xm;jcif;? 127. ud, k &hf mxl;trSwt f om;? ae&mtrSwt f om;rsm;udk y,fzsujf cif;? 128. cefx Y m;vku d o f nft h &m&Srd sm;udv k ufrcH[k jiif;qefjcif;?
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
30
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf; 129. vuf&XdS metoif;tzGUJ tpnf;wdu Yk kd ½kyo f rd ;f cdik ;f vQif jiif;qefjcif;? jynfolwdkYu wrsKd;wrnf trdefYudkzDqefjcif; 130. tvkyu f kd rvkycf siv f yk cf sif vkyjf cif;? ajz;ajz;vkyjf cif;? 131. wdu k ½f u kd Bf u;D Muyfrnfo h rl &Sad omtcg trdeu Yf rkd emcHbaJ ejcif;? 132. trsm;ESiahf &mNy;D trdeu Yf q kd efu Y sijf cif;? 133. pum;em;raxmif[efaqmifjcif;? 134. pk½;kH pnf;a0;yGrJ sm;udv k pl ck cJG ikd ;f vQif em;raxmifbaJ ejcif;? 135. xdik o f ydwaf rSmufjcif;? 136. acR;wyfqv JG Qirf vdu k jf cif;? 137. ykef;atmif;aejcif;? xGufajy;jcif;? emrnfajymif;? vdyfpmajymif;jcif;? trSerf sm;ray;bJaejcif;? 138. w&m;r0ifonfh Oya'rsm;udk zDqefjcif; tpdk;&tvkyform;rsm;\vIyf&Sm;rI 139. tpd;k &uay;onfah xmufychH sut f csKUd udk jiif;y,fjcif;? 140. txufucsrw S o f nft h rde?Yf owif;ponfwu Ykd kd ydwq f x Ykd m;jcif;? 141. tvkyrf sm;[efw Y m;jcif;? aESmifah ES;atmifvyk x f m;jcif;? 142. taxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;udv k nf; 0ifa&mufrulnjD cif;? 143. tvkyfBuD;Muyfolrsm;u wrifoufouftvkyfrvkyfwwfonfh[ef aqmifaejcif;? tultnD ray;bJaeoifo h nfu h pd rö sm;udk rsuEf mS vTjJ cif;? 144. ykefuefjcif;? jynfwGif;tpdk;&vIyf&Sm;rI 145. tmywfvw G o f nfeh nf;jzifh tvkyu f akd &Smifjcif;? tvkyt f csed q f x JG m;jcif;? 146. tpd;k &XmecGrJ sm;u tultnD&yfpjJ cif;? EdkifiHwumtpdk;&\vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; 147. oHwrefu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ajymif;vJjcif;? 148. oHwreftcrf;tem;rsmudk qdik ;f xm;jcif;? zsuyf pfvu kd jf cif;? 149. oHwreftodtrSwfrjyKjcif;? 150. oHwrefqufo, G af &;jzwfjcif;? 151. EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSxGufjcif;? 152. Edik if w H umtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;odYk 0ifa&mufciG u hf kd jiif;y,fjcif; 153. Edik if w H umtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rS xkwyf ,fypfjcif;?
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
jynfowl \Ykd vGwaf jrmuf&mvrf; tMurf;rJh0ifa&mufpGufzufEdkifonfhenf;rsm; pdwf'mwftm;jzifh taESmuft,Sufay;pGufzufjcif; 154. aeylx&J yf? rd;k &GmxJae? tat;cHqE´jyjcif;? 155. oDvaqmufwnfjcif;? 156. pdwt f vdu k rkd vdu k b f aJ ejcif;? 157. tpmiwfcHqE´jyjcif;? 158. trSew f &m;vufuikd x f m;Ny;D oDvaqmufwnfjcif;? 159. ajymif;jyefppfaq;prf;oyfjcif;? 160. tMurf;rJt h aESmuft,Suaf y;jcif;? udk,fxdvufa&mufpGufzufjcif; 161. xdkifoydwf? 162. &yfoydwf? 163. twif;um;0ifp;D jcif;? 164. wd;k Ny;D 0ifa&mufjcif;? 165. taygif;tazmfwpkEiS hf twif;0ifa&mufjcif;? 166. 0ifa&mufqak wmif;jcif;? 167. tMurf;rzufb0J ifa&mufp;D eif;jcif;? 168. tMurf;rzufbJ av,OfysEH iS 0hf ifa&mufNcrd ;f ajcmufjcif;? 169. tMurf;rzufbJ usL;ausm0f ifa&mufjcif;? 170. tMurf;rzufbJ atmf[pfjcif;? 171. tMurf;rzufbJ ydwyf ifwm;jrpfjcif;? 172. tMurf;rzufbJ odr;f ydu k t f ydik pf ;D xm;jcif;? vlrIa&;&mt& 0ifa&mufpGufzufrIrsm; 173. aygif;oif;qufqaH &;yHpk o H pfukd wnfaxmifjcif;? 174. a&;? rD; ponfh trsm;oH;k ypön;f rsm;udk tqrwefo;kH jcif;? 175. twif;0ifa&mufyw d q f jYkd cif;? 176. twif;pum;0ifajymjcif;? 177. ajymufusm;Zmwfyu JG si;f yjcif;? 178. tzGJUtpnf;opfwrsKd;xlaxmifjcif;? 179. qufo, G af &;pepfwrsK;d xGijf cif;? pD;yGm;a&;&mt&0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; 180. wefjyefoydw?f
NLD(LA)MALAYSIA rSjzefYcsdonf
31