CONTENT
3 STAGE 1 PLACE
11 LIGHT STUDY 1 LUMINOSITY
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22
STAGE 2 IDEA
LIGHT STUDY 2 REFLECTION
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STAGE 3 FORM
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LIGHT STUDY 3 OPACITY
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STAGE 4 MATERIAL
LIGHT STUDY 4 FILTRATION
STAGE 1 - PLACE
3
To Scale Plan 1:850
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The Braggs
Molecular Life Sciences
Barr Smith Library
Elevations Ingkarni Wardli
Engineering and Maths. Sciences
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Arial view
3D VIEWS Arial views & Ground views Ground view
Ground view
Arial view
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SHADE & SHADOW Summer | Winter
SUMMER 9AM
WINTER 9AM
SUMMER 12NOON
WINTER 12NOON
SUMMER 3PM
WINTER 3PM 7
ACCESS MOVEMENT T
his site is quite an open area, passeners are allowed to enter the site through Barr Smith Lawns, Hub Central and the gate at Frome Road. The Maths Lawns is surrounded by pedestrian and it is allowed to walk through the Lawns. So it is free to walk inside the site
PEDESTRIAN
PEDESTRIAN
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PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDY OF AMBIENT LIGHT A
s it is shown in the photography, there are plenty of street lamp in the site. Also the light from building itself is strong enough . Especially Barr Smith Library, there are two extra spot lights projecting to its front side.
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SOCIAL / CULTURE T
his Maths Lawns is surround by five buildings. It offers large enough public space for students in thiese five buildings for their relaxing or activities. In the Orientation Week, this lawn is chosen to hold different welcome-activities. During the semester, free BBQ is hold in this site also. So this site offers lots of opportunities for students and teachers to have their extracurricular activities
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A LIGHT STUDY 1 LUMINOSITY
ccording to dictionary, luminosity have different meanings in different category. Basically it stand for luminous intensity, but it become a unit of energy that emitted from stars or galaxy in astronomy. The luminosity I will talking about in this article is related to the lightness and brightness and its relationship with architecture.
The Phaeno Science Centre (Wolfsburg, 2005)
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n philosophy aspect, luminosity is a topic worth discussing in all ages. As we all know, we can see everything because we have eyes and eyes can received all the luminosity reflected by substance. In other words, luminosity is a medium transmitting information between substance and human beings, this process is what we called cognition which is the way how human beings know the world. If anything cannot be perceived by human beings, it is called null in science. So in a sense, information is the whole of this world, including space and time, and luminosity is the medium transmitting information to us. Zaha Hadid (1950-2016) Hoenheim-Nord Terminus and Car Park (2001)
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I
n addition, Kiasma is a contemporary art museum located on Mannerheimintie in Helsinki, Finland which is also an amazing building which relies on nature light as the major luminous of the building itself. As what its designer Steven Holl said, for this museum, the most important material is light. For the sun in Helsinki never reach above fifty-one degree, so twenty-five galleries which made up this museum all have slices of natural light. With the dependence to nature light, people inside the building have unique experience with the change of natural light condition: passing cloud brings shadows or brightness varies as the interior experience varies. However, the exterior of Kiasma’s lack of conventional lights made it projecting its light from inside to outward at night so it needs artificial light when the sun goes down.
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kiasma museum of contemporary art
n the aspect of architecture, luminosity is acting an important role in all the buildings and environments. Zaha Hadid, one of the most famous architectural designer of the world, is well-known for her remarkable masterwork. The reason why she became such a successful architectural designer is not only her theory of fragmentation and fluidity which is a well-known design technique all over the world but her advanced in using light to decorate the building. Light is a medium between our perception and architecture. We cannot sense all the forms and material without light. What Zaha Hadid is good at using is the luminous line, either as decorative lighting or windows, it completely present the character of her design in earlier stage. Therefore, Zaha Hadid is apt at combining her structure with surrounding landscape, for example, for Strasbourg's Hoenheim-Nord Terminus and Car Park (2001), she was attracted by the white traffic marks on the road so she created linear light through creating gap on the façade and let the nature light go into the parking area to made light patterns on the road. However, Zaha Hadid’s design form changed to fluid curve shape but not edge shape since The Phaeno Science Centre (Wolfsburg, 2005) which was a decisive turning point in Zaha Hadid's lighting command. According to all her masterwork, we can find that her application of luminosity is not depending on using magnificent decorative lighting but combining luminosity with the building itself, using simple lights to create grand luminous effect.
kiasma museum of contemporary art
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n all these examples I mentioned above, the designers have their unique perspective on luminosity in architecture but what they have in common is that they do not rely on magnificent decorating light to made their buildings looks luxury and imposing but skilfully control natural light and combine it with surroundings and itself harmoniously.
kiasma museum of contemporary art
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STAGE 2 - IDEAS
SPATIAL DIAGRAM OF TWO DESIGNS idea 1
sketch of interior space of two ideas
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idea 2
1:300
1:300
TO SCALE PLANS OF TWO IDEAS
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idea 1
idea 1
ELEVATIONS
idea 2
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&
SECTIONS
idea 2
idea 1
VIEWS OF TWO IDEAS
idea 1 idea 2
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idea 2
AERIAL & GROUND
INTERNAL VIEWS
Idea 1 is basically inspired by the pipe light. Sunlight comes through the circle hole on the top during day time and there will be artificial light come out from the tube on the top at night.
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INTERNAL
VIEWS
Idea 2’s idea comes from the triangle shape prisma and the refraction of light. Lights through the prisma on the top will refraction the light to different colors to create unique light experience inside the pavalion
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Design precedents for idea one: light comes through the hole on the top and projected their shape on the ground and tube shape roof can also create unique experience for people inside
DESIGN
PRECEDENT 20
DESIGN
PRECEDENT
Design precedent for idea two is the prism and the chromatic dispersion which is able to make fancy internal space with a prism on the ground
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LIGHT STUDY 2
REFLECTION
In inorganic nature, reflec-
tion is the process of things get reproduced under the influence of other things, traces or imprints of the things exercising that influence; In organic nature, reflection is an active process, such as the adaptation and irritability of animals to their environment.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
In philosophy aspect, Hegel claimed
that the correspondence between phenomena and their essence is founded on his critique of formal logic. According to his idea, being is with us as qualities passing one to another and quantitative changes in qualities, and it emerges in the form of measure relatively-stability. We have recognized one thing effectively when we have measure of it. We will fixed it in our consciousness and labelled it differently with others once we have measure something. When we made the recognition explicit, we recognise something and that is the process of reflection and it is the beginning of Essence.
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Nordpark Railway Station (2007)
Serpentine Sackler Gallery (2013)
In architecture, what we can think of reflec-
tion firstly are mirror, metal, glass and some other materials which are able to reflect what we can see. Reflection is not that simple in architect nowadays. Firstly in luminosity, reflection plays an important role. For example, Zaha Hadid’s Nordpark Railway Station (2007) in Austria, began a new stage of light and fluidity in Zaha Hadid’s design. Light is reflected by glass but not absorbed by the concrete. She increased the reflectance of her surface for amazing mirror images but not directly use artificial light which made this building seem not standing isolated in this area but combining with the local landscape. It happens that there is a similar case, the Serpentine Sackler Gallery in London built in 2013 is also using the same concept in lighting. Secondly, in material selection and the representation. A lot of buildings and skyscrapers choose to use reflective façade.
Prada Epicenter in Tokyo
In conclusion, the concave and convex forms
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
The Prada Epicenter in Tokyo showed the
desire of Herzog & de Meuron of transforming the mirror effects of modernist glass skyscrapers. The glazing is mainly in rhombus shape but some selected parts are in convex exterior shapes so it is able to create distinct distorted reflections like a contact lens on the façade. This kind of design create intriguing imagery of reflections through the transparent glass façades is not only limited to the passers outside the building. People standing inside of those façades can also have unique experiences and views. Otherwise, reflection can relative to not only glasses but also other materials. One of the representative works is the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in 1997 designed by the American architect Frank Gehry. He transferred the aesthetic of brilliance from glass to metal with the titanium cladding. One of the key successful factor in this design is the sparkling light qualities of the titanium sheets and its changing appearance. Frank Gehry has not only brought the dynamic composition of forms to the building but also gave his design a unique dynamic image varies with surrounding landscape, cloud and sunlight. 23
in buildings, reflective and curve façade elements or the mixture of these two is opening a new way for architecture in cities to generate more multifaceted images for the city. Reflection is not only limited to mirror image reversal and the new landmarks will continue to try innovative materials and forms to create a more beautiful and brilliant city.
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
STAGE 3 - FORM
TO SCALE PLANS OF LIGHT PAVILION 1:160
PLAN OF THE GROUND FLOOR
PLAN OF THE BASEMENT LEVEL ONE
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PLAN OF THE BASEMENT
SECTION A
SECTION B
ELEVATION
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GROUND VIEWS
AERIAL VIEWS
APPROACH ACCESS AND MOVEMENT
APPROCH AND ENTRANCE TO THE BASEMENT
MOVEMENT INSIDE THE BASEMENT
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LIGHT IN THE PAVILION USE PRISMA SCULTURE TO CREATE FANTASTIC COLOR AND UNIQUE EXPERIENCE
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Use of prism and the chromatic dispersion which is able to make fancy internal space with a prism on the ground.
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LIGHT STUDY 3
OPACITY
However, we can know
Opacity is one kind of radiation especially visible light describing the absorption and scattering of radiation in a medium and opaque is the substance with this property. The one which can reflect some of the luminosity and does not allow gaze to pass through is called opaque.
In
philosophy meaning, opaque is the one blocking human being’s vision from one thing. As is well-known that visual is the most immediate and the fastest way to perceive one thing. But without our vision, we can only perceive one thing through our tactile sense, auditory sense, sense of smell, etc. In fact, knowing one thing through our vision will lead us to a wrong way in sometime, we can only understand the apparent meaning of this object. 32
one thing much deeper inside through touching it, hearing it and so on. In summary, vision sometimes acting a role misleading us to a wrong way to perceive one substance and cheating on our brain but opacity block our visual perceive so we can only cognize it through the other ways and this helped us know it in multiaspect and know in deeper.
In
It
architecture aspect, opacity is also acting unique role as one of the lighting method in the building. In Nordic countries, the sun is in a low position so the shadow of sunlight is long and most of the sunlight entered the building from aside but not from the above. To use this environment, the Nordic architectures played with the sunlight with whiteness. In Steven Holl’s Herning Museum of Contemporary Art, the use of white surfaces not only offered a high reflectance in order to maximize the interior brightness for dark winter but also linked to the surrounding snow-cover landscape.
This kind of white archi-
tecture became one kind of architecture style called Nordic Style after years of development. On the other hand, when we are talking about opacity, we will think of transparency immediately because their opposite relationship. Glass has both of these property so it is important for architecture. Apart from transparency, glass possess another attribute named reflection and it became opaque through reflection. A reflective glass is an opaque surface much like a wall which doesn’t allow the gaze to pass through.
Herning Museum of Contemporary Art
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does not have any openings within its reflective surface so it can not interact with the outside world and the building with such glass does not make distinct its separation from the city. In such architecture, the reflecting glass becomes a mystifying opaque surface with a unique aura of its own. When glass is used in architecture, it is often used with translucency in mind and it give enough information to leave the imagination free.
STAGE 4 - MATERIAL
STRUCTURE GROUND SHELTER
BASEMENT LEVEL 1
PRISM SCULPTURE
TOILETS
PATIO/ BENCH
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EXPLODED PERSPECTIVE
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PRISM SCULPTURE IT IS HANGING ON THE MIDDLE OF THE ROOF OF THE BASEMENT CONNECTING WITH THE GROUND. IT IS NOT ONLY A ORNAMENTAL BUT ALSO THE LIGHT SOURCE OF THE PAVILION
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GLASS SHELTER ON THE GROUND AND A PRISMA SCULPTURE IS CONNECT WITH IT UNDERGROUND AND MADE THE LOGHT GOING THROUGH IT CHROMATIC DISPERSION TO MAKE INTENAL SPACE FANCY.
THE PATIO IN THE MIDDLE OF THE BASEMENT IS MADE OF TIMBER AND IT IS ALSO USED AS BENCH FOR PEOPLE TO TAKE A SIT ON IT OFFERING AREA FOR THEM TO REST UNDER UNIQUE LIGHT EXPERIENCE.
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GREY MATERIALS THE INTERNAL SPACE IS MAINLY MADE OF CONCRETE AND GREY STONE TO MAKE IT MORE LIKE A GREY SPACE. IN COMPARISON WITH THE COLORFUL CHROMATIC DISPERSION, THIS GREY SPACE CAN MAXIMUM THE FANCY EXPEREINCE OF PASSERBYS.
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CONCRETE FLOOR
CONCRETE WALL
GREY STONE FLOOR
MATERIALS IN THE BASEMENT
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TIMBER BENCH/STAIRS
LIGHT STUDY 4
FILTRATION
Filtration is an operation that separate solid from fluids. There are two kinds of filtration, one is physical filtration which just add a physical filters to filtrate the oversize solid. The other is using chemical substances to change the property through chemical reaction.
Greek philosopher Socrates
One
of the most famous people who hold knowledge in high esteem in ancient Greece, Socrates, had a Triple Filter Test before hearing from the others. The first one is Truth, have you made absolutely sure that what you are trying to talk is true? The second one is Goodness, is that thing you are trying to tell good? The third one is Usefulness. Is what you want to tell going to be useful to me?
Think
before telling someone, if what I want to tell is neither true nor good nor even useful, why tell it to others at all? Use the triple filter each time you hear loose talk about any of you friends and that made your life easier and happier. For the same reason, try to filtrate bad things from your life is one wisdom of your life.
Socrates’s Triple Filter Test
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With the rapid develop-
ment of architecture, use of daylight is not only limited in lighting effect but also used as decoration in the building. As for Le Corbusier, he created kinetic architecture by playing masterfully with orientation, openings and textures with daylight. In his La Tourette’s church, there was choreography of the light and the highlight of it begins with the sunset. There was a crack on the top of the west wall and it draws a warm line along the side walls. The north wall connects with the two golden lines and it slowly moves upward with the falling sun. This effect changed with the season: it is a small triangle in winter and a large rectangle in summer when the sun reaches its maximum power.
La Tourette’s church
Saint-Pierre at Firminy
In
his another masterwork called church of Saint-Pierre at Firminy also played little tricks using the sunlight. There are stellar windows on the east façade and it creates dots of light on the floor which turn into waves of light mysteriously. The waves changes gently with the movement of sun and it creates wonderful pattern on the walls. Around noon, the waves disappear and the sunlight will strikes down into the darkness with sharply defined beams. On cloudy days without powerful sunlight, two soft luminous veils will appear on the walls. During the sunset, when the golden light comes into the church, the warm sunlight and the blue sky from the stellar windows combined together and created a cosmic scenes of day and night appear incredibly together. In conclusion, Le Corbusier’s light techniques created a new era for light use in architecture and a lot of buildings after that tried to do such light patterns in their building.
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Architecture is the learned game, correct and magnificent, of forms assembled in the light. -Le Corbusier