Childhood Leukemia

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1;Childhood Leukemia;2 1.1;Copyright Page;3 1.2;Preface;4 1.3;Acknowledgments;5 1.4;Contents;6 1.5;Part I:Genetics and the Epidemiologyof Leukemia in Children;8 1.5.1;1: Epidemiology of Acute Childhood Leukemia;9 1.5.1.1;1.1 Classification and Natural History;9 1.5.1.1.1;1.1.1 Classification: Immunophenotype, Morphology;9 1.5.1.1.2;1.1.2 Classification: Molecular and Cytogenetics;10 1.5.1.1.2.1;1.1.2.1 Acute Lymphoid Leukemias;10 1.5.1.1.2.2;1.1.2.2 Acute Myeloid Leukemias;11 1.5.1.1.3;1.1.3 Natural History of Leukemia;12 1.5.1.2;1.2 Incidence, Survival, and Trends;13 1.5.1.2.1;1.2.1 International Incidence Rates;13 1.5.1.2.2;1.2.2 U.S. Incidence Rates and Trends;13 1.5.1.2.3;1.2.3 Survival;16 1.5.1.3;1.3 Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia;17 1.5.1.3.1;1.3.1 Genetic Syndromes;17 1.5.1.3.2;1.3.2 Environmental and Other Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia;17 1.5.1.3.2.1;1.3.2.1 Ionizing Radiation;18 1.5.1.3.2.2;1.3.2.2 Prior Chemotherapy;18 1.5.1.3.2.3;1.3.2.3 Reproductive History;18 1.5.1.3.3;1.3.3 Lifestyle Factors;19 1.5.1.3.3.1;1.3.3.1 Cigarette Smoking;19 1.5.1.3.3.2;1.3.3.2 Alcohol Consumption;19 1.5.1.3.3.3;1.3.3.3 Occupational Exposures;19 1.5.1.3.3.4;1.3.3.4 Maternal/Child Diet;19 1.5.1.3.3.5;1.3.3.5 Vitamin Supplementation;20 1.5.1.3.3.6;1.3.3.6 Pesticides;20 1.5.1.3.3.7;1.3.3.7 Infections;20 1.5.1.3.3.8;1.3.3.8 Birth Weight;21 1.5.1.3.4;1.3.4 Genetic Susceptibility;22 1.5.1.4;1.4 Challenges and Future Directions;23 1.5.1.4.1;1.4.1 Improvements in Identification of Cases and Controls for Studiesin the United States;23 1.5.1.4.1.1;1.4.1.1 Cases;23 1.5.1.4.1.2;1.4.1.2 Controls;24 1.5.1.4.2;1.4.2 Opportunities for Validation;24 1.5.1.4.2.1;1.4.2.1 Neonatal Blood Spots;24 1.5.1.4.2.2;1.4.2.2 Maternal-Fetal Cohort Studies;25 1.5.1.4.3;1.4.3 Comprehensive Use of Animal Models to Assess Exposure/Cancer Relationships;25 1.5.1.5;1.5 Conclusion;26 1.5.1.6;References;27 1.6;Part II:Biology of Pediatric Leukemia;33 1.6.1; 2: The Biology of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia;34 1.6.1.1;2.1 Introduction;34 1.6.1.2;2.2 The Cellular Biology of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL);35 1.6.1.2.1;2.2.1 Lymphoid Development and Immunophenotype of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia;35 1.6.1.2.1.1;2.2.1.1 Lymphoid Development;35 1.6.1.2.1.2;2.2.1.2 B-Cell Development;36 1.6.1.2.1.3;2.2.1.3 T-Cell Development;36 1.6.1.2.1.4;2.2.1.4 Immunophenotype of Acute Leukemia;37 1.6.1.2.2;2.2.2 Antigen Receptor Genes and Clonality;38


1.6.1.2.2.1;2.2.2.1 Immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-Cell Receptor (TCR) Gene Rearrangements in ALL;38 1.6.1.2.2.2;2.2.2.2 Assessment of Clonality by PCR Amplification;39 1.6.1.2.2.3;2.2.2.3 Use of Ig and TCR Gene Rearrangements for the Detection of MRD;39 1.6.1.2.3;2.2.3 Leukemia-Initiating Cells in ALL;40 1.6.1.3;2.3 The Molecular Biology of ALL;41 1.6.1.3.1;2.3.1 Introduction to Cancer Genomics and New Technology;41 1.6.1.3.2;2.3.2 Host Susceptibility to ALL;42 1.6.1.3.2.1;2.3.2.1 Genetic Syndromes and Down Syndrome ALL;42 1.6.1.3.2.2;2.3.2.2 Germline Genetic Variation and ALL;43 1.6.1.3.3;2.3.3 Somatic Genetic Changes in ALL;43 1.6.1.3.3.1;2.3.3.1 Chromosomal Lesions and Karyotype;43 1.6.1.3.3.2;2.3.3.2 Copy Number Abnormalities;45 1.6.1.3.3.3;2.3.3.3 Gene Expression Profiling;48 1.6.1.3.3.4;2.3.3.4 Discovery of Novel Therapeutic Targets Through DNA Sequencing and Genomic Studies;51 1.6.1.3.3.5;2.3.3.5 Epigenetic Modifications and Posttranscriptional Regulation by microRNAs;53 1.6.1.4;2.4 Signaling Pathways in Childhood ALL;55 1.6.1.4.1;2.4.1 BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase;55 1.6.1.4.2;2.4.2 FLT-3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase;55 1.6.1.4.3;2.4.3 JAK Tyrosine Kinase;56 1.6.1.4.4;2.4.4 Pre-B Cell Receptor;56 1.6.1.4.5;2.4.5 RAS Pathway;56 1.6.1.4.6;2.4.6 NOTCH1 Pathway;57 1.6.1.4.7;2.4.7 Therapy Targeted to Signaling Pathways;57 1.6.1.5;2.5 The Apoptotic Pathway and ALL;57 1.6.1.6;2.6 The Biology of Relapsed ALL;59 1.6.1.7;2.7 Summary;62 1.6.1.8;References;62 1.6.2;3: Biolog EAN/ISBN : 9783642137815 Publisher(s): Springer, Berlin Discussed keywords: Kinderheilkunde, Onkologie, Leukmie Format: ePub/PDF Author(s): Reaman, Gregory H. - Smith, Franklin O.

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