java by balaji miriyam

Java Programming

Java Basics

Incheon Paik

Java

Computer Industry Lab.

Contents ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Java

Background Java Virtual Machine Application & Applet Class & Object 3 Principles of Object Oriented Programming Start up Java Variables & Assign String & Character Arithmetic Operator & Expression Type Conversion Comment Array Keywords 2

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Background / History ?

Sun Microsystems Inc. ? James Gosling

1990, “Green Project” 1991, Develop the Language for Household Products => To General Developing Language

? ?

Java

Java ? James Gosling, Arthur Van Hoff, Andy Bechtolsheim ? Coffee Materials in Indonesia Write once, Run everywhere Spread Rapidly through WWW and Internet

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Byte Code and Java Virtual Machine ?

Existing Development Environment

Binary File Compiler(Pentium)

Source Code

Binary File Compiler(PowerPC)

Run Java

PowerPC Binary File

%cc Hello.c â&#x20AC;&#x201C;o Hello % Hello

Pentium

Compiler(SPARC)

SPARC

Binary Code 4

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Byte Code and Java Virtual Machine ?

Java Development Environment

Java Interpreter Java Compiler

(Pentium)

Pentium

Java Code

Java ByteCode

(Independent on Platform)

Java Compiler

(PowerPC)

Java Interpreter

PowerPC Java Interpreter

%javac Hello.java Hello.class created

Run Java

JVM

SPARC

Java Compiler

% java Hello

(SPARC) Byte Code 5

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Java Program ?

Java Application Program ? Application ? Program written in general programming language ?

Java

Applet ? Program running in Web Browser Environment ? Can be viewed by appletviewer or Web browser with JVM

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Class and Object

Java

Object ? Memory Space to Define State and Operation ? Instance of Class

Class ? Template of Creating Object

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3 Principles of Object Oriented Programming ?

Encapsulation ? Control Access the data and method in program code Inheritance ? Inherit the data and methods of parent class Polymorphism Shape

getArea()

Shape Obj = new Ellipse(); Obj.getArea();

Ellipse

Rectangle

Triangle Which Area?

getArea()

Java

getArea()

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Java Class Library ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Java

java.applet : Applet related java.awt : Abstract Window Toolkit java.awt.event : Event process from awt component java.awt.image : Image processing java.beans : JavaBeans Component java.io : File or Network I/O Support java.lang : Java Language Support java.net : Network related functions java.util : Utility function

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Java 2 SDK ?

Java 2 Software Development Kit (Java 2 SDK) ? Java Application or Applet Development and Running Environment

Java 2 Runtime Environment (JRE) ? Java Running Environment

Java 2 Standard Edition Java 2 Micro Edition Java 2 Enterprise Edition

? ?

Java

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Java 2 SDK ?

Java 2 Software Development Kit (Java 2 SDK) ? Java Application or Applet Development and Running Environment

Java 2 Runtime Environment (JRE) ? Java Running Environment

Java 2 Standard Edition Java 2 Micro Edition Java 2 Enterprise Edition

? ?

Java

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Start Java Application Java

Class Name

Main Function

“Hello.java” Main method class Hello { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(“Hello World”); }

% javac Hello.java

Run

% java Hello

Result

Java

Compile

“hello.c” void main() { printf(“Hello World\n”); }

% cc hello.c –o hello

% hello

Hello World

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Variable and Assign ? ?

Java

Variable Type ? char ? boolean ? byte ? short ? int ? long ? float ? double

16bits Unicode character data Boolean Variable 8 bits signed integer 16 bits signed integer 32 bits signed integer 64 bits signed integer 32 bits signed floating point number 64 bits signed floating point number

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Variable and Assign Variable Declaration type varName;

float x, y, x;

Value assign varName = value; int num = 100; long m = 21234234L double type : .5 0.8 9e-2 -9.3e-5 float type : 1.5e-3f;

Java

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String and Character ?

String : sequence of character String s = “Enter an integer value: ” ; Char c = ‘A’; Unicode

Concatenation Operator ‘+’

String s = “Lincoln said: ” + “\” Four score and seven years ago\”” ;

Result : Lincoln said: “Four score and seven years ago”

Java

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Arithmetic Operator ?

Java

Operators ? + - * / % ? += -= *= /= %= ? ++ -5/2 ? 2 Why isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t it 2.5 ? 5%2 ? 1 4/2 ? 2 4%2 ? 0 ? count * num + 88 / val â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 19 % count ? j += 6; ? j = j + 6;

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Type Conversion in Expression char ch; int i; float f; double outcome; ch = ‘0’; i = 10; f = 10.2f; outcome = ch * i / f; int float double

double

Yes

double

float Yes

float

long Yes

long

Java

int

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Type Conversion in Assignment Widening Conversion byte b = 127; int i; i = b; ? Narrowing Conversion byte b; int i = 258; b = (byte) i; ? Wrong Conversion byte b; int i = 127; b = i; ? Right Conversion (But data may be lost) byte b; int i = 127; b = (byte) i; ?

Type Casting

Java

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Comment ?

Java

Single Line Comment ? int i = 10 ; // i is counter Multiple Line Comment /* Some comments */ Documentation Comment /** Documentation Comment */

Using â&#x20AC;&#x153;javadocâ&#x20AC;? Tool, make document

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Arrays ( One Dimensional) Definition of One Dimensional Array type VarName[] int ia[];

Assign Range to One Dimensional Array varName = new type[size] ia = new int[10];

Declaration of One Dimensional Array with Range type varName[] = new type[size] int ia[] = new int[10];

Java

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Arrays ( One Dimensional) Number of elements in Array varName.length

Initialization of One Dimensional Array Type varName[] = {e0, â&#x20AC;Ś , en}; int j[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; int k[]; K = j;

Example 1.15

Java

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Arrays ( Multi-Dimensional) Definition of Two Dimensional Array type VarName[][]; float fa[][];

Assign Range to Two Dimensional Array varName = new type[size1][size2]; fa = new float[2][3];

Declaration of Two Dimensional Array with Range type varName[][] = new type[size1][size2]; float fa[] = new float[2][3];

Java

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Arrays ( Two Dimensional) Number of elements in Multi-Dimensional Array varName.length

Number of Raw

Number of elements in Each elements of Multi-Dimensional Array varName[index].length

Initialization of Multi-Dimensional Array Type varName[][] = {{e00, … , e0n}, {e10,… ,e1y}, {e20, … , e2z}};

Example 1.16

Java

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Java Keywords ?

Java

47 Java Keywords abstract boolean break byte case catch char class const* continue default do

double else extends final finally float for goto* if implements import instanceof

int interface long native new package private protected public return short static

super switch synchronized this throw throws transient* try void volatile while

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Exercise ?

Step 1 ? Refer this lecture slide #11 Step 2 (How to make & run Applet) ?

(1) Make Applet Program import java.awt.Graphics; public class HelloWorldApplet extends java.applet.Applet { public void paint (Graphics g) { g.drawString(â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hello World!â&#x20AC;?,5,25); } } // end of Applet

? ?

(2) Compile(using javac) to create HelloWorldApplet.class (3) Create HTML file (ex; HelloWorld.html) to include applet <applet code="HelloWorldApplet.class" width="150" height="25">

Java

(4) Run Applet using Appletviewer or Applet enabling Web browser % appletviewer HelloWorld.html

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Exercise ?

Java

Step 3 (Type Conversion) ? Refer this lecture slide #16,17 Step 4 (Array) ? Refer this lecture slide #22

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