Al-Tounsi Market Relocation - Participatory Approach Implemented In Relocation of Vendor Markets

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH IMPLEMENTED IN RELOCATION OF VENDOR MARKETS

Al-Tounsi Market Relocation to Al-Tounsi Civilized Market (Cairo, Egypt) Relocating Banjarsari Vendor Market, in Relation to Participation Approach (Surakarta, Indonesia)

Presented by: Nour Qader & Mirna Ali | Spring 2020

‫ق م ن� ق‬ ‫ن‬ ‫عل‬ �‫م‬ �‫ ور �ادر و ي ر�ا ي‬: ‫م�دم ن‬

RELOCATION OF Al-TOUNSI MARKET ALSO KNOWN AS AL- SAYEDA AISHA MARKET Al-Tounsi Market in Al-Tounsi region, in Al-Khalifa district, one of the biggest street vending markets in Cairo, which is a critical site that is exposed to many fires and losses. For this reason, the government contemplate relocating it to eliminate its life dangerous impact, finding a safe alternative without harming those who work in it, also maintaining job opportunities. As the market includes several activities that constitute 5 random markets, namely the market for sanitary ware, ceramics, the furniture market, used furniture, the Aluminum and building materials, all of which are random activities located north The automatic slaughterhouse in Al-Basatin region between the tombs of Al-Tounsi and the tombs of Imam Al-Shafi’i.

‫ت ن‬ ‫ف �أ‬ ‫نق‬ ‫ل ة� ئ ش ة‬ � ‫ل‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ �‫ل‬ ‫س‬ � � ‫م‬ �� �‫ل وق ا و ي� ا عرو� ب� م وق ا يس�د عا‬ ‫ أحد أكرب أسواق الباعة الجائلني بالقاهرة‬،‫سوق التونىس مبنطقة التونيس بحي الخليفة‬ ‫ وهو ما جعل الدولة تفكر ىف نقله وإيجاد‬،‫التى تتعرض للعديد من الحرائق والخسائر‬ ‫ حيث يضم‬.‫بديل آمن مع عدم اإلرضار مبن يعمل به والحفاظ عىل فرص العمل بالسوق‬ ‫ وهى سوق األدوات الصحية والسرياميك‬،‫ أسواق عشوائية‬5 ‫السوق عدة أنشطة تشكل‬ ‫ وجميعها أنشطة عشوائية‬، ‫ وسوق األملونتال ومواد البناء‬،‫وسوق املوبيليا واالثاث املستعمل‬ ‫موجودة شامل املجزر اآلىل بالبساتني ىف املنطقة بني مقابر التونيس ومقابر اإلمام الشافعي‬، .

‫تطبيق منهجية املشاركة املجتمعية يف نقل‬ ‫أسواق البائعني‬ ‫سوق التونيس إىل سوق التونيس الحضاري‬ ‫نقل الباعة الجائلني بحديقة بنجارساري بإندونسيا‬ Participatory Approach Implemented In Relocation of Vendor Markets Al-Tounsi Market to Al-Tounsi Civilized Market Relocating Banjarsari Vendor Market, in Relation to Participation Approach (Surakarta, Indonesia) ‫ مرينا عيل‬-‫ نور قادر‬:‫الباحثني‬ Researchers: Nour Qader - Mirna Ali

Page | 4

ACRONYMS FEDA

The Federation for Economic Development

RoW

Right of the Way

ISDF

Informal Settlements Development Fund

URHC

Urban Regeneration of Historic Cairo

NGO

Non- Governmental Organization

Page | 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION

9

1.1 Research Problem Definition

10

1.2 Research Questions, Objectives and Methdology

11

1.3 Political Dimemsions and Legalization

12

2 AL TOUNSI MARKET CASE STUDY

13

2.1 History of the site

14

2.2 Physical Context

15

2.3 Facilities and Infrastructure

15

2.4 Thematic Markets at Al-Tounsi Market - Vending Market

15

2.5 Transporation Nodes 16 2.6 Physical Configuration 17 2.7 Activity- Users and Street Vending

3 PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN AL-TOUNSI MARKET

18

19

3.1 Problems and Challenges 20 3.2 Stakeholders of AL-Tounsi Market, before relocation

4 AL TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET

21

22

4.1 Al-Tounsi Civilized Market Agreement of Estabishment 23 4.2 Main Features of the new market

24

4.3 The relocation to Al-Basatin Industrial Area

24

4.4 Relocation Strategy 25

Page | 6

5 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY INDONESIA

30

5.1 Case Study Overview - Banjarsari Park

31

5.2 Street Vendors in Surakarta

32

5.3 The relocation of Panjarsari vendor market

33

5.4 Social Context

33

5.5 Physical Context

33

5.6 Transporation Nodes

34

5.7 Activity Setting

34

6 PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES

35

7 RELOCATION PROCESS OF STREET VENDORS 7.1 Relocation Process

37 38

7.2 Phases of Relocation Process

39

7.3 New Market in Surakarta

40

6.1 Problems and Challenges

7.4 Financing of the Project

36

42

7.5 Participation Level

43

7.6 Comparison between Al-Tounsi Market and Banjarsari Matket Street Vendors

43

8 CONCLUDING REMARKS 8.1 Findings and Conclusions 8.2 Reccomendations

45 46

9 REFERENCES

48

10-APPENDICES

51

Page | 7

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH IMPLEMENTED IN RELOCATION OF VENDOR MARKETS LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF FIGURES AND MAPS FIGURE 1: CHILDREN AS STREET VENDORS IN AL-TOUNSI MARKET, IN THE SCRAP ELEMENTS MARKET...........................................

8

FIGURE 2: AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET STRUCTURES IN AL-BASATIN INDUSTRIAL AREA.................................................................

8

FIGURE 3: THE QUALITATIVE INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL DEDUCTION OF THE RESEARCH METHDOLOGY.........................

10

FIGURE 4: TIMELINE OF THE STREET VENDING LAWS IN EGYPT........................................................................................................................

11

FIGURE 5: TOUNSI MARKET IN 1890..............................................................................................................................................................................

13

FIGURE 6: THE GENERAL SITE OF THE TOUNSI MARKET, SHOWING THE THE HELWAN RAILWAYS (IN BLUE LINE) AND MILITARY (IN RED) AND THE EXPANSION OF THE MARKET THE ORANGE REGION , 2011................................................................................................ 13 FIGURE 8: THE THEMATIC MARKET OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET..............................................................................................................................

14

FIGURE 7: PHYSICAL CONTEXT OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET......................................................................................................................................

14

FIGURE 9: THE PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION AND TYPE OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET........................................................................................

15

FIGURE 11: FIXED FEATURE ELEMENTS OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET, WOODEN STALLS, THE BRIDGE STRUCTURES..............................

15

FIGURE 10: PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION AND ACTIVITY SETTING OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET..................................................................

15

FIGURE 12: NON-FIXED FEATURE ELEMENTS OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET.............................................................................................................

15

FIGURE 13: SEMI-FIXED FEATURE ELEMENTS OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET............................................................................................................

16

FIGURE 14: THE USERS, PASSERBYS OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET AND THEIR RANGE.........................................................................................

17

FIGURE 15: THE POWER MATRIX DIAGRAMOF THE STAKEHOLDERS OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET BEFORE RELOCATION...................

20

FIGURE 16: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE OLD LOCATION OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET TO THE NEW LOCATION OF AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET, SHOWING THE RANGE OF THE LOCATION IN ORANGE.................................................................................................

22 FIGURE 17: THE FIVE BUILDINGS OF THE NEW CIVILIZED TOUNSI MARKET, IN AL-BASATIN INDUSTRIAL AREA...........................

23

FIGURE 19: THE LAND DISTRIBUTION OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET, SHOWING, THE NUMBER OF UNITS AND AREAS IN FEDDANS..

24

FIGURE 18: THE MEASUREMENTS AND NUMBER OF THE UNITS OF AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET..................................................

24

FIGURE 20: THE SURROUNDING RESIDENTIAL CONTEXT OF BOTH AL-TOUNSI MARKET AND AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET.

25

FIGURE 20: SHOWS THE NEW STRUCTURES IN REALITY OF AL-TUNIS CIVILIZED MARKET IN AL-BASATIN......................................

26

FIGURE 21: SHOWS THE NEW STRUCTURES IN REALITY OF AL-TUNIS CIVILIZED MARKET IN AL- BASATIN.....................................

26

FIGURE 22: THE POWER MATRIX DIAGRAMOF THE STAKEHOLDERS OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET AFTER RELOCATION.......................

28

FIGURE 24: CHRONOLOGICAL TIMELINE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SURAKARTA CITY IN INDONESIA.............................................

30

FIGURE 25: NUMBER OF STREET VEENDORS ON STREET PER YEAR IN SURAKARTA....................................................................................

31

FIGURE 26: NUMBER OF STREET VENDORS RELOCATED IN A YEAR IN SURAKARTA...................................................................................

31

FIGURE 27: TOTAL NUMBER OF STREET VENDORS RELOCATED IN A YEAR IN SURAKARTA....................................................................

31

FIGURE 28: CHRONOLOGICAL TIMELINE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF BANJARSARI VENDOR MARKET................................................

32

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH IMPLEMENTED IN RELOCATION OF VENDOR MARKETS

Page | 8 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 31: DEPCITING THE PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE MARKET, FIRST PHOTO DECIPIING FIXED VENDING ELEMENTS, SECOND PHOTO; SEMI FIXED-ELEMENTS, THIRD PHOTO; NON-FIXED ELEMETS..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

33

FIGURE 29: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION LAB INSIDE THE PARK...................................................................................................................

33

FIGURE 30: DEPICTING THE ARRANGEMENT OF STREET VENDORS INSIDE THE PARK..............................................................................

33

FIGURE 32: THE POWER MATRIX DIAGRAMOF THE STAKEHOLDERS OF PANJARSARI................................................................................

35

FIGURE 33: MAP DEPICTING THE LOCATION OF BANJARSARI PARK AND PASAR KILTHIKAN NOTOHARJO.......................................

37

FIGURE 34 MONUMENT 45 PARK (2005), BEFORE THE REVITALIZATION PROGRAM, CROWDED WITH INFORMAL VENDORS ......

38

FIGURE 35: MONUMEN 45 PARK AT PRESENT, AFTER THE REVITALIZATION PROGRAM..........................................................

38

FIGURE 36: PHOTOS SHOWING THE PASAR KLITIKAN NOTOHARJO...............................................................................................................

39

FIGURE 37: PHOTO SHOWING THE TRADITIONAL RELOCATION PROCESSION..........................................................................................

39

FIGURE 39: MAP OF THE NEW MARKET OF SURAKARTA ......................................................................................................................................

39

FIGURE 38: NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING KLITHIKAN NOTOHARJO..................................................................................................................

39

FIGURE 40: ACTIVITY SETTINGS OF BANJARSARI PARK.......................................................................................................................................

40

FIGURE 41: STAKEHOLDERS OF BANJARSARI VENDOR MARKET ATER RELOCATION...............................................................................

40

FIGURE 42: SHOP EXTENSION AND FRONTAGE GUIDLINE...................................................................................................................................

45

AlJazeera, March 20014

Page | 9

‫ق ة �أ‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ م�دم� عن سواق ال ب�ا�ع ي�ن‬- ١

1.INTRODUCTION ABOUT STREET VENDING

Page | 10 1.INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH

Regulating street trade is a challenge across the globe. Many countries have rapidly growing cities and increasingly dense urban cores. In these areas, street vending not only provides on-the-go services to pedestrians passing by, but also creates opportunities for people to slow down and connect. Fruitful regulations should consider the contributions vendors bring to the sidewalks. To ensure these policies are effective, street vendors themselves should take part in devising them. This will help get incentives right and improve vending sites for all concerned. However, relocating street vendors may not be the best solution, and upgrading the market should be taken into consideration.

Shedding the light on street vending, it is an integral part of the economic status worldwide. However, informal street vending is often ignored by governments or viewed as a problem to be eliminated. In Egypt, there are 5 million street vendors, including 1.5 million in Greater Cairo, 30% of the sellers are women and 15% are children who support their families.

This research focuses on the study and analysis of the relocation process of Al-Tounsi Market (Fig.1); an extroverted natural market, that is going to be evicted after the completion of the construction of Al-Tounsi Civilized Market in Al-Basaten Area (Fig.2). This eviction is seen as an emblematic operation of the decongestion and beautification of the historic area in Al-Khalifa, with the motto of combatting the informality in Egypt. Also combating the hazard of frequent fires that took place in the market in 2010 and 2016, due to the car accidents from Al-Tounsi bridge. Relocated into new introverted market structures, 1km away different from their former open market; street vendors are set up to new kinds of organizations, which creates a challenge in the suitability and the adaptation to the new setting.

The strategy of the relocation process raises the issue of the economic and political transformation of the conditions of street vendors experiencing eviction and relocation. The development of the relocation space 1 manifests the relationship between vendors, city dwellers and the urban authorities in the city.

Figure 1: Children as Street Vendors in Al-Tounsi Market, in the scrap elements market.

Source: Maverickbird journal , November 2017

Figure 2: Al-Tounsi Civilized Market Structures in Al-Basatin Industrial Area Source: Youm7 journal , January 2020

1 Ibrahim Mouwad. “Cairo signs an agreement of 180 million pounds to implement the Civilized Tounsi Market.” Al-Masry Al Youm, August 6, 2017. https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1145992.

1 INTRODUCTION

Page | 11 1.INTRODUCTION

The first part of this research analyses the national case study of Al-Tounsi market, studying the market before relocation, documenting the relocation strategy and identifying the participatory approach adopted. The second part of the research focuses on the study of the international case study of relocating street vendors in Surakarta, Indonesia, conceived one of the most successful examples in relocation of street vendors worldwide using participatory approach. Thus a comparison is established between the national and the international case to acquire lessons and outcomes from that analytical comparative study, and use it as recommendations for a comprehensive planning in future studies and relocation projects.

1.1 Research Problem Definition • Underestimation of the informal markets, as an integral part of the economical status of the cities’ worldwide; therefore it affects the incorporation of the participatory approach in the planning and relocation of street vendors.

• Street Vending in Al-Tounsi market-initiated life hazardous impacts (Repeated Fires), which was the main trigger for the relocation process, that had a huge propaganda, especially that this market had numerous relocation drafts before the final one.

• Critical Analysis of the political agenda, analyzing the laws and regulations of street vending in Egypt.

1.1 Research Problem Definition

Page | 12

1.INTRODUCTION Research Questions, Objectives and Methdology 1.2.1 Research Questions • Was there a participatory approach for relocating Al-Tounsi Market to the Civilized Tunsi Market?

• How far the adopted strategy affected the relocation process of the markets?

• What are the criteria needed for a successful relocation strategy?

• Why the relocation of the street vendors in Surkarta is considered one of the best successful adopted approaches? And How we can benefit from it in the national case study in Egypt?

1.2.2 Research Objectives • Raising economical and political responsibilities in the relocation strategy. Politically by means of Chronological analysis of the street vendors in Egypt. Economically throughout the relocation phasing and the selection of the new site.

• Assessment of criteria considered in the participatory approach in the relocation strategy of street vending.

Developing a tool to research other scenarios to achieve a successful relocation strategy using participatory approach.

1.2.3 Research Methdology • Analytical –Comparative Methodology. (Between the case study of Al-Tounsi market relocation and International case study in Surakarta, Indonesia.

•

Qualitative information and analytical deduction

Figure 3: The Qualitative Information and Analytical Deduction of the Research Methdology.

Source: the researchers.

1.2 Research Questions, Objectives and Methdology

Page | 13

1.INTRODUCTION History of Street Vending in Egypt

1.3 Political Dimensions and Legalization The presence of street vending association is a prominent factor in adopting a successful participatory approach, not only for this reason, but it was mentioned more than once in the regulatory laws concerning the street vendors in Egypt, to ensure the rights of licensing and registration. Also here are the main aspects that were mentioned in the political frame. In 1941 in Law 33. no. 48, concerning the public affairs, prohibiting parking in streets, squares, neighborhoods, or near shops that trade in similar items, or merchandise using bells, loudspeaker horns or any other method that causes anxiety for the public’s comfort.

In 1957, in Law 33, but concerning the organizing Street vendors, The law requires street vendors to practice the profession of a street vendor to obtain a license from the competent authority responsible for organizing the work. In 2009, there was a field study conducted by FEDA, concerning the presence of public facilities, as well insurances for the street vendors, stating that The sellers are working in harsh climatic conditions without the presence of public facilities and without social or health insurance, and therefore any injury, disability or death eliminates the family of the street vendor. In 2012, Street vendors in Cairo established the Union of Indepedent Street Vendors to emphasize their rights to own spaces to sell their products.

And finally in 2018, Representative Hala Abu Al-Saad, head of the Governorates Party’s parliamentary body, presented a draft law to regulate the work of street vendors. This law is not enforced yet, however it emphasized more than once in its articles, especially Artcle (11), in the presence of membership of the license applicant in the Street Vendors Association or the Trade Union Committee.1

Figure 4: Timeline of the Street Vending Laws in Egypt.

Source: Socialist Party of Egypt, 2012, edited by the researchers.

1.3.1 Review of the Political Dimensions and Legalization All the laws are concerned with controlling the street vendors, lack:- Maintenanc regulations for the display areas, rental fees for the display areas or units and regulations concerning the right of health and social insurance.

1 “Socialist Party of Egypt.” Accessed May 20, 2020. https://www.facebook.com/Socialist.Party.of.Egypt/posts/388299511238849/.

1.3 Political Dimemsions and Legalization

Maverickbird journal,2017

Page | 14

‫ت �ن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ �‫دراس� حال� سوق ال�و ي‬-٢

2. AL-TOUNSI MARKET CASE STUDY

Page | 15 2. AL-TOUNSI CASE STUDY PRESENTATION Documentation of Case Study 2.1 History of the Site 1890

Figure 5: Tounsi Market in 1890.

Source: Edwards, Amelia B. “A Thousand Miles up the Nile.” George Routledge and Sons, Limited: London, 1890. p 007.

1970s

Late 1970

Mid 1980s

Today

Figure 6: The general site of the Tounsi market, showing the the Helwan Railways (in blue line) And Military (in red) and the expansion of the market the orange region , 2011 Source: M.Sc. thesis of Hussam Magdy, edited by the researchers.

The remarkable area of ​​the Tounsi market dates back to the Mamluk’s period in 1890, known as the slave market. It was held in the Sayeda Aisha area and slave was sold in it, and when this trade ended it turned into a market for selling animals, especially horses and donkey. Then in the seventies it was known as “Al-Harameyah Market” and its location was in the Imam Al-Shafi’i area next to its current location. The name of the region is attributed to the Tounsi name due to the presence of the mosque and the shrine of the Imam of Tounsi, facing the western side on Helwan Railway Street, or what is known as Al-Mawasala Street. The space was a street that defines the end of old cairo urban areas, and the existence of the railway line (Helwan - Bab Al-Luq) confirmed that end, which was a barrier between the urban area and the cemeteries.1With stopping the work on the railway line and building a highway in the middle The eighties, a significant change took place specifically with the last years of the end of the first phase of constructing the metropolitan Cairo (line) Helwan - Al Marg).The street joined the railway line, which together became deserted to create a great urban space. In light of the urban sprawl. The rapid expansion of the city of Cairo during that period, a lot of residents began to take the graveyard areas to the right. The bridge is left as a permanent residence area changing the shape of the urbanization of the area.2

1 Hussam Aldin Mohamed Magdy Abd El-kawi. “Under the Bridge” as an urban space in the Egyptian City.” Master’s Thesis, Cairo University, 2011.

2.1 History of the site

Page | 16

2. AL-TOUNSI CASE STUDY PRESENTATION Documentation of Case Study 2.2 Physical Context • Al-Tounsi Market is located in Imam Shafei district, south east of Cairo, it extends along the Autostrad with a long more than 800 km.

• The space is considered one of the important urban spaces connecting the Fatimid area of ​​Cairo with the regions of the East (Al-Mokattam, Nasr City) and the south (Heloun, Maadi) 2.3 Facilities and infrastructure • Since the beginning of the construction of cemeteries, the area is serviced with facilities and infrastructure such as electricity and drinking water.

• The sanitation process in the eastern region is carried out using sewers and the western region has been upgraded To accommodate an area that has recently entered the urban space of the city.

Figure 6: Shows the surounding context of Sayeda Aisha Market.

Figure 7: Physical Context of Al-Tounsi Market Source: M.Sc. thesis of Hussam Magdy, edited by the researchers.

2.4 Thematic Markets at Al-Tounsi Market | Vending Activities In Al-Tounsi market there are different thematic markets: 1- Souq el Kellab (Dog Markets) 2- Souq El Hammam (Pigeons and Birds Market) 3- Garments Market.

4- Plumbing Market.

5- Scrap Elements Markets.1

Figure 8: The Thematic Market of Al-Tounsi Market.

Source: M.Sc. thesis of Hussam Magdy, 2011

1 Maverickbird journal. “Friday’s Market in Cairo the City of the Dead,” November 2017. http://www.maverickbird.com/outside-india/africa/egypt/friday-market-in-cairo/.

2.2 Physical Context

Page | 17

2. AL-TOUNSI CASE STUDY PRESENTATION Documentation of Case Study

2.5 Transporation Nodes It is a commercial vehicular street where lines of public transportation, as well as informal transportation (microbuses), coming from Al-Agzakhana and Al-Imam Al-Shafei pours in Al-Sayyeda Aisha square. Al-Sayyeda Aisha square is one of the main cores of transportation in Cairo, like Ramses, Al-Abbaseyya and Al-Tahrir.

2.6 Physical Configuration Extroverted Natural Market The Market itself is an appropriation of public space since it completely occurs in the street. Vendors station themselves just in front of the pavement and expand along the street respecting the RoW.

Figure 9: The Physical Configuration and Type of Al-Tounsi Market.

Source: URHC Activity Pattern by Dina K.Shehyeb , 2011

2.6.1 FIXED feature elements: 1) Fixed Built Structure – Stalks (Storage Areas.)

2) Wooden Structures for Display, Under the Bridge 3)Al-Tounsi Bridge.

2.6.2 NON-FIXED feature elements: Street vendors line themselves on both sides on the street without obstructing the RoW. The pavement (no fixed features are built specifically for this market. Street vendors start to line themselves in the street just after Figure 10: Physical Configuration and Activity Setting of Al-Tounsi Market the pavement).

Source: URHC Activity Pattern by Dina K.Shehyeb , 2011

Figure 11: Fixed Feature Elements of Al-Tounsi Market, wooden Stalls, the bridge structures Source: M.Sc. thesis of Hussam Magdy, 2011

2.5 Transporation Nodes

Figure 12: Non-Fixed Feature Elements of Al-Tounsi Market

Page | 18

2. AL-TOUNSI CASE STUDY PRESENTATION Documentation of Case Study SEMI-FIXED feature elements: vehicular type: - Motorcycle.

- Medium truck (1/2 suzuki) (the vendor has a number of wood ribbed boxes full of ducks and a balance in the back of the car where he stands and sells to clients encircling his truck).

The stationary type: - The vendor lines some cages over each other in the street and stands beside them or use a wooden chair for sitting.

- The vendor uses loose pieces of sidewalks curbs as tables to put on them iron utensils usually full of birds and animals food.

- The vendor sits on fixed sidewalks curb and use wood ribbed boxes as tables. 1

Figure 13: Semi-Fixed Feature Elements of Al-Tounsi Market.

Source: Maverickbird journal , November 2017

1

Dina K. Shehayeb. “Living and Working in Historic Cairo - Sustainability of Commercial and Productive Activities.� URHC, 2011.

2.6 Physical Configuration

Page | 19

2. AL-TOUNSI CASE STUDY PRESENTATION Documentation of Case Study 2.7 Activity - Users and Street Vending • ACTORS: • Vendors: This is an open market. It hosts the type of professional vendors who arrive regularly to the market to earn their living. Usually, regular vendors earn their locations so that clients would come to them at the same spot every time, and that if they were not found at their location, it would mean they did not attend.

• This market also hosts the regular people who just need to sell their pets. It is so common to bring their pets and stands on the street for display. That is why selling stolen pets is common in this market.

• Clientele: This market attracts clientele at city scale. 1

Figure 14: The Users, Passerbys of al-Tounsi Market and their Range.

Source: URHC Activity Pattern by Dina K.Shehyeb , 2011

1

Dina K. Shehayeb. “Living and Working in Historic Cairo - Sustainability of Commercial and Productive Activities.” URHC, 2011.

2.7 Activity- Users and Street Vending

Rasad News journal,2017

Page | 20

3. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN AL-TOUNSI MARKET

‫ت �ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫س‬ � ‫ل‬ � ‫ل‬ � ‫س‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ق‬ ‫م‬ ‫ح‬ �‫د�ا� و ا و ي‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ ا‬-٣ ‫ي‬

Page | 21

3. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET Documentation of Case Study 3.1 PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES 1-The frequent Fires and accidents broke out due to poor planning and lack of civil protection means, the last of which was a massive fire in the market on June 8 2016, which devoured A number of booths that sell scrap and old appliances before the Civil Protection succeeded in putting out the fire by pushing 18 fire trucks to control it . After 5 months passed, the Central Operations Chamber of Cairo Governorate received, on Saturday morning, November 26 2016, a report of a huge fire in the Tunisian market and the civil protection also succeeded in controlling the fire by 12 cars, and the extinguishing was done without any injuries. 1 After the fire. Residents of Al-Tounsi Market: They will leave us in our condition without compensation, but we will work, and we will not get out from here except when we’re dead. And May 15 is isolated and full of bandits.

2-The transfer of Al-Tounsi market reduces the suffering of the citizens and residents of the Sayyidah Aisha area, and it also contributes to eliminating the traffic crises caused by the market, which leads to congestion and accumulation in the whole region and impedes movement in all areas surrounding the market.2 3- A campaign from the ministry of the Environment for stopping the trade of endangered pets. 3 Which contributed as a threat for Al-Tounsi market trade, which is against national environemntal affairs.

4- Souq el Hamam (Birds) Relocated more than once for a better urban setting and talked to the district presidency – The final located destination is Mabret Mostafa kamel. One of the representatives of the birds’ market, Mr. Hossam El-Nashar:“We are trying to choose a better urban setting away from vandalism and chaotic settings in the Sayeda Aisha Market.” They were relocated to the Salah al din al Ayouby Market before it’s renovation, then thought of Mabret Mostafa kamel. 4

1 2

AlBwaba News. “The Government Begins Disposal of the Friday Market,” January 8, 2017. https://www.albawabhnews.com/2643425.

Al-Wafd. “Friday Market Deposits anarchy,” January 14, 2018. https://alwafd.news/

3 Kg.

Ministry of Environment Egypt. 2016 ,19-2-2016 ‫حملة وزارة البيئة عىل سوق الجمعة بالسيدة عائشة لتجارة الحيوانات الربية‬. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ggx_HzAH-

4 Dostor. “‘Buying, Selling and Competitions’ .. The Pet Birds Market in Sayyida Aisha (Video),” December 4, 2019. https://www.dostor. org/2588953?fbclid=IwAR1BGXhDH5KiH8Vd5-CkTpLsDzZLoYUoBzgvv1WuOFQ3YNmUC30Qyong7ak.

3.1 Problems and Challenges

Page | 22

3. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF AL-TOUNSI MARKET Documentation of Case Study 3.2 Stakeholders of Al-Tounsi Market - Before Relocation

Figure 15: The Power Matrix Diagramof the Stakeholders of Al-Tounsi Market Before Relocation.

Source: Conducted and analyzed by the researchers.

3.2 Stakeholders of AL-Tounsi Market, before relocation

Medso Agency Youtube Channel , 2015

Page | 23

4. AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET

‫ن‬ ‫س ق تل� � س ل ض‬ �‫ار‬ ‫ و ا و ي� ا ح� ي‬-٤

4. AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET Documentation of Case Study

Page | 24

4.1 Al-Tounsi Civilized Market Agreement of Establishment Eng. Atef Abdel Hamid, Governor of Cairo, and Engineer Khaled Seddik, Executive Director of the ISDF, signed on the 1st of August 2017, Thursday morning, a cooperation agreement to establish the new Tounsi civilized market, as an alternative to 5 daily random markets. The meeting was attended by the represintitave of the region Jamal Al-Shuwaikhi.

The Governor stressed that the design should include service areas such as a police unit, a fire brigade, cafeterias, and public restrooms. He also asked Khaled Al-Mansi, Head of the Licensing Unit in the General Department of Civil Protection, to put the conditions required for civil protection in the new market to be taken into account when developing the final scenario for it.

The head of the neighborhood added that the process of developing the market is to preserve the cultural appearance of the neighborhood and evacuate the streets from vendors and works.

The agreement was witnessed by Jihan Abdel Rahman, Deputy Governor of the Southern District, Mohamed El Sheikh, Secretary General of Cairo Governorate, Hany Chenation, Director of the Housing and Utilities Directorate, heads of the Khalifa and Basatin neighborhoods, and a number of the leaders of the governorate and the ISDF.1

Figure 16: The Relationship between the old location of Al-Tounsi market to the new location of Al-Tounsi Civilized Market, showing the range of the location in orange.

Source: Google Earth and visiualized by the researchers.

1

ElBalad News. “The Capital Adopts a New Plan to Accommodate Street Vendors from the Streets of Cairo ... The Governor Orders the Streets

to Be Cleaned of Works ... and Sellers: ‘The New Markets Ruined Our Income,’” October 1, 2017. https://www.elbalad.news/2571921.

4.1 Al-Tounsi Civilized Market Agreement of Estabishment

Page | 25

4. AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET Documentation of Case Study 4.2 Main Features of Al-Tounsi Civilized Market 1- It is being established with funding from ISDF. 2- It costs approximately 205 million pounds in the region.

3- On an area of ​​more than 50 thousand square meters in the industrial area of ​​Al-Basatin district.

4- It is only about 1 km away from the old site.

5- It connects to the Autostrad road, which provides easy access to the new market in all Cairo regions.

6- It includes a scrap market and parking lots.

7- Providing the new market with all the services of toilets and cafeterias serving the sellers and those who frequent it.

8-Establishing a police point serving the market and the surrounding area.1 4.3 The Relocation to Al-Basatin Industrial Area

Figure 17: The five buildings of the new Civilized Tounsi Market, in Al-Basatin Industrial Area..

Source: Google Earth and visiualized by the researchers.

1 ElBalad News. “With a budget of 250 Million pounds, the Tunsi Civilized market is constructed, 12 facts about the new market ’” November 29, 2019. https://www.elbalad.news/4075987

4.2 Main Features of the new market

Page | 26

4. AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET Documentation of Case Study 4.4 Relocation Strategy The Major General Mahmoud Dia, head of Al-Basateen district, confirmed that the market will accommodate the 5 markets previoulsy located in the old Tounsi Market; 3 buildings for wood, furniture, Aluminium, and 2 buildings for sanitary and ceramic activities, in addition to the scrap market, with a total area of 45 ​​ thousand meters, in addition to 5 thousand meters divided shops for building materials.

• The first phase will be devoted to the relocation of 4 markets, which are the markets for the used furniture, and the markets below Al-Tounsi bridge, which will accomadate 315 UNITS ​​40 - 44 M2 PER UNIT • The second phase allocated to the transfer of the 16th Street Market (Scrap elements) over a total area of ​​8,830 square meters and accommodate 340 UNITS WITH AN AREA OF ​​12 M2 PER UNIT. 1

Figure 18: The measurements and number of the units of Al-Tounsi Civilized Market.

Source: Youm 7, January 2020 and Visualized by the Researchers.

Figure 19: The land distribution of Al-Tounsi market, showing, the number of units and Areas in Feddans.

Source: Video youm 7. ‫ سوق التونيس الجديد يوفر مكان امن للباعة‬:‫مدير إسكان القاهرة‬. Cairo, Egypt, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbTTX9sWUU8.

1 Youm 7. “The Tunisian Civilized Market Complex in Al-Basateen rid the capital of random markets .. It accommodates scrap and cars with an area of 60 thousand meters at a cost of 350 million pounds and the opening next April .. The Governor of Cairo is equipped with all services and surveillance cameras,” January 21, 2020. https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/1/21/

4.4 Relocation Strategy

Page | 27

4. AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET Documentation of Case Study

Figure 20: The surrounding residential context of both Al-Tounsi market and Al-Tounsi Civilized market.

Source: Google Earth and visiualized by the researchers.

Page | 28

4. AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET Documentation of Case Study 4.5 Documentation of the Relocation Strategy - Vendors’ Opinion Abd al-Rahman, one of the motor sellers in the market, considers himself one of the new sellers in the market, where his work duration in the market did not exceed 6 years, Abd al-Rahman said that the government came about a year ago and confiscated everyone who had a store to have a place in the new market. He also expressed his intense love for the place and his attachment to it, describing that he could not stay and he would leave if the government wanted, saying: “I will work, and if people walked away I would have anyother choice than to leave..”

“Majdi Abu Muhammad” one of the street vendors, said that “Not everyone who works in the market is uneducated but rather there are educated people who can talk about everything. Adding that this market is found in all countries of the world. The market age ranged between 20 to 25 years.”

“No one who will take the same area of ​​the aisle or the shop as it is. It is impossible for the new place to be able to distribute the whole number, but we are paying rent, electricity and others.” Thus, Ahmed Taj, the owner of a fu r niture store, expressed his rejection of the decision to move the market from his current locati o n to another, as he talked about The role of members of the Representatives in the region, expl a ining that Jamal Al-Shuwaikhi, the deputy of “Tok-tok’s” as they are nicknamed him, due to his i n ability to solve any problem except with regards to holding “tok-toks” and returning them to th e ir owners, since his arrival he has not been able to provide solutions to the problems suffered by the people in terms of neglect and marginalization.1 His friend Karam Majdi disagreed with him, explaining that the market and the region are not appropriate to remain on its shape while it’s is in Cairo, the capital of the country, and Majdi considered that moving to another place would give them work and better housing opportunities than the existing ones, “The government has the right that we are sitting here without rights, and the state does not benefit from us, and if so it will take money from us, we will live in a better condition and order without any neglect.”

Figure 20: Shows the new structures in reality of Al-Tunis Civilized Market in Al-Basatin.

Source: Youm7 journal , January 2020

Figure 21: Shows the new structures in reality of Al-Tunis Civilized Market in alBasatin.

Source: Youm7 journal , January 2020

1 ElBalad News. “The Capital Adopts a New Plan to Accommodate Street Vendors from the Streets of Cairo ... The Governor Orders the Streets to Be Cleaned of Works ... and Sellers: ‘The New Markets Ruined Our Income,’” October 1, 2017. https://www.elbalad.news/2571921.

4.5 Documentation of the Relocation Strategy - Vendors’ Opinions

Page | 29

4. AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET Documentation of Case Study 4.6 Stakeholder of Al -Tounsi Civilized Market - After Relocation

Figure 22: The Power Matrix Diagramof the Stakeholders of Al-Tounsi Market After Relocation.

Source: Conducted and analyzed by the researchers.

4.6 Stakeholders of Al-Tounsi Civilized Market- After Relocation

Page | 30

4. AL-TOUNSI CIVILIZED MARKET Documentation of Case Study 4.7 Level of Public Participation The government started to inform the public about the program without further participation from the public, this level of participation is considered INFORMING LEVEL. A number of interviews where recorded to ask the street vendors specific questions about their needs and requirements, however these interviews where done by local media networks not by the government; as shown in Fig.(23) • Do you prefer to relocate the market to another place or enhance the current place instead?

• What specifications you recommend in case of enhancing the market?

• Are you willing to contribute in the enhancement of the market and pay in return for a licensed unit? 1 Characteristics of INFORM level.

• provides the public with information to understand the decision-making process.

• There is no opportunity for the public to influence decision-making.

• When you conduct the “inform” level of public participation, you should not try to persuade or manipulate the public in any way.

• The inform level requires to serve as an honest broker of information • Give the public what they need to fully understand the project and decision and to reach their own conclusions as to the appropriateness and adequacy of the decision.

INTEGRATE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION • No public participation is integrated in the decision process as; • No dialogue of environment was created.

• No negotiations took place with the stakeholders, thus most stakeholders lack any information about each others interest and concerns.

• No presentations were prepared for the stakeholders to help them understand

Figure 23: The questions conducted by the local media interview for Al-Tounsi Market Street Vendors.

Source: Conducted and analyzed by the researchers.

1

Video youm 7. ‫ سوق التونيس الجديد يوفر مكان امن للباعة‬:‫مدير إسكان القاهرة‬. Cairo, Egypt, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbTTX9sWUU8.

4.7 Level of Public Participation

Jakarta Globe, 2018

Page | 31

5. INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY- INDONESIA

‫ة ض� ه ل ة ة ن �ن‬ ‫ ا�دو س ي�ا‬-��‫دراس� و ع را ن حال� دول ي‬-٥

Page | 32

5. BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study 5.1 Case Study Overview Surakarta, also known as Solo, is a municipality in Central Java Province in Indonesia of more than 500.000 people. Surakarta city follows the decentralization governance system adopted by Indonesia since 1999. The increasing number of street vendors, people struggling to make a daily income in a weakened economy due to Indonesian financial crisis of 1998, brought a large number of complaints to the City Mayor’s desk. Based on a negotiation approach adopted by the former mayor of the city Surakarta managed to solve the very sensitive issue of illegal street vendors. The relocation and re-arrangement of street vendors in Surakarta has been done with great consideration of the local culture and humane methods.

Figure 24: Chronological timeline of the development of Surakarta city in Indonesia.

Source: Conducted and analyzed by the researchers.

5.1 Case Study Overview - Panjarsari Park

Page | 33 5. BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study 5.2 Street Vendors in Surakarta According to the statistics published by the city government of Surakarta from 2004 until 2014, a decline is observed in the number of street vendors on the street with 5,817 street vendors in 2004 and 1,395 in 2014, as they started to be relocated in 2005. At this time 989 street vendors were relocated.

The largest number of street vendor relocated in 2006 when 1422 street vendors were relocated and the minimum number of vendors which was 18 vendors relocated in 2012. The data also shows that by 2014 a total number of street vendors which was 4455 had been relocated.

ďƒ˜ STATISTICS SHOWING THE NUMBERS OF VENDORS ON THE STREETS AND THE NUMBERS OF RELOCATED STREET VENDORS. Figure 25: Number of Street Veendors on Street per year in Surakarta.

Source: Conducted by the researchers depending on the information provided by Surakarta Government.

Figure 26: Number of Street Vendors Relocated in a year in Surakarta.

Source: Conducted by the researchers depending on the information provided by Surakarta Government.

5.2 Street Vendors in Surakarta

Figure 27: Total Number of Street Vendors Relocated in a year in Surakarta.

Source: Conducted by the researchers depending on the information provided by Surakarta Government.

Page | 34

5. BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study 5.3 The Relocation of Banjarsari Vendor Market The Monument 45 Banjarsari Park was initially a part of the Villapark, an urban dwelling with a spirit of garden city concepts that was designed by the architect and urban planner Ir. Thomas Karsten in the early 20th century. The residential units in the park were leased to the Dutch plantation employees. In the center of the park and open space with a symmetrical form was designed which was divided to four equal parts with an axis. During the political development of city after Indonesia’s independence Villa Park was renamed to Monument 45 Banjarsari (Monjari Park). Later in 1949 the park had served the army students’ headquarter during the fight against the Netherland’s second military aggression. After the Indonesian financial crisis in 1997 the park became a flea market, until 2006 when the former Mayor Joko Widodo successfully relocated the street vendors to a new area in Semanggi.

Figure 28: Chronological Timeline of the development of Banjarsari Vendor Market.

Source: Conducted by the researchers depending on the information provided by Surakarta Government.

5.4 Social Context The park is considered a national park where the regular Independence Day is celebrated and the informal vendors who illegally inhabited this area were marginal community. while the street vendors in the park attracted tourists, the people would get disturbed by the visual and environmental pollution caused by the vendors and the neighborhood’s function as residential area was disturbed.

5.5 Physical Context The Monument 45 Barjarsari Park is located in the city center and surrounded by residential blocks from all sides, the park is very close to Legi market. The west direction of the park is very close to the train station Balapan while towards the south it is close to the Mangkunegaran palace. The north direction is towards the Tirtonadi terminal. As shown in Fig (29)

5.3 The relocation of Panjarsari vendor market

Page | 35

5. BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study 5.6 Transportation Nodes The location of the public park is considered important as it is very close to Balapan station in the west direction while the north direction is towards the Tirtonadi terminal which is the largest bus terminal in the city of Surakarta

5.7 Activity Setting The market is considered an “Extroverted Natural Market� where the street vendors used to station themselves on both sides of the pedestrian paths which is the axis that divides the whole park into four equal blocks. The market was known for selling used goods.

Figure 29: Environmental Education Lab inside the park.

Source: Google Earth, edited by the researchers.

Street vendors would sell their goods using different types of street vending elements inside the parks as; Fixed structures which are stationary elements as fixed kiosks, or stationary elements that are semi fixed as umbrella, tables, or tents, there are also non fixed street vending that include stationary vending elements as mats and ambulatory vending elements as motors, bicycle, tricycle, pushcart and baskets.

Figure 30: Depicting the arrangement of street vendors inside the park.

Source: Studiopie blogspot, 2014

Figure 31: Depciting the physical configuration of the market, first photo decipiting fixed vending elements, second photo; semi fixed-elements, third photo; nonfixed elements Source: Pemerintah Korta Surakarta

5.6 Transporation Nodes

‫‪Page | 36‬‬

‫‪6. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN‬‬ ‫‪BANJARSARI PARK, INDONESIA‬‬

‫ة ئ ف‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫�‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫�‬ ‫ك‬ ‫�‬ ‫ل‬ ‫�‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ح‬ ‫د�ا� ب�ال ب�اع� ا �ج ا ن ي�‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ا �ا نل وا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ن �ن‬ ‫ق‬ ‫�‬ ‫ب‬ ‫�‬ ‫ارسار� ب إ���دو س ي�ا‬ ‫حد ي��� �ج‬ ‫ي‬

Page | 37

6. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study 6.1 Problems and Challenges The concerned raised largely by the middle and upper class to relocate the street vendors stated that the informal street vendors are creating traffic and circulation crowd whiel the residents complained that the function of the area as a residential area was disturbed and the complains also stated that the vendors are degrading the scenic quality of the city Polluting the environment.

While the main challenge faced the government during the relocation program was building the trust of the street vendors, and engaging them in all the processes in order to achieve the aims set by the Program.

6.2 Stakeholders of Panjarsari Park- Before Relocation

Figure 32: The Power Matrix Diagramof the Stakeholders of Banjarsari.

Source: Conducted and visualized by the researvhers.

Depending on the analysis conducted by the authors, we assume that the street vendors and the traditional street vendor association were resistant to the relocation program as they were being informed of the program without further participation from their side. While the park visitor and the city inhabitants were very supportive as they wanted to have the public park back with its original function.

While the NGOs, city information offices and the local university of Sebelas Maret are considered neutral stakeholders as they facilitate the program.

6.1 Problems and Challenges

Page | 38

7. RELOCATION PROCESS OF STREET VENDORS BANJARSARI PARK, INDONESIA

‫نق‬ ‫ة ل ئ ب� ق ة ب��ن‬ � � � ‫ل‬ � ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫ل‬ �‫ارسار‬ ‫�ج‬ ‫ا‬ � � ‫د‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�ج‬ �‫اع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ � ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ ن ب‬-٧ ‫ن‬ ‫ب إ���دو� س ي�ا‬

Page | 39

7. RELOCATION OF BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study 7.1 Relocation Process In 2005, the new mayor, Joko Widodo, tried a fresh approach. The Mayor (now President of Indonesia) invited the street traders and other stakeholders to over 50 open dialogue meetings. The rapport and personal relationships that he built were instrumental in convincing them to support his relocation plan, which was implemented within a year’s time. The involvement of the local government, the partner NGO (SOMPIS - Solidaritas Masyarakat Pinggiran Surakarta – Solidarity of Marginal Societies in Surakarta) and the street vendors’ representatives was of crucial importance to approach street vendors and reaching an agreement. 1 The relocation process was implemented in one year.

The negotiations included; • Significant concessions from the government, including the development of a new purpose-built market.

• The provision of stall ownership certificates, and access to business loans to support the vendors’ businesses.

• The government also responded to vendors’ concerns that the relocation site was too remote and disconnected from the city, by surfacing roads, installing signage, designing new bus routes.

• Promoting the new market through the media.

Figure 33: Map depicting the location of Panjarsari Park and Pasar Kilthikan Notoharjo.

Source: Google Earth and visualized by the researchers.

1 Song, L., & Taylor, J. (2018). Making food markets work: Towards participatory planning and adaptive governance. In Y. Cabannes & C. Marocchino (Eds.), Integrating Food into Urban Planning (pp. 229–246). UCL Press; JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/j. ctv513dv1.18

7.1 Relocation Process

Page | 40

7. RELOCATION OF BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study 7.2 Phases of Relocation Process

The relocation process was implemented in different stages: Stage 1 –Preparation: The first stage consisted of collecting data about the street vendors as (citizenship, style of trades, type and size of stalls). This stage was implemented by the help of the researches from a local university (Universitas Sebelas Maret of Surakarta), during the first stages also a number of official meetings with the local parliament were held in order to draw out the budget, as well as formulating the objectives and strategies.

Stage 2- Agreement: During the second stage the informal representatives of street vendors were invited to the Mayor’s residence for dialogue, during this stage the NGOs assisted as community facilitators.After more than 50 meetings, an agreement was signed between the street vendors and the municipality which states that the vendors agree to be relocated and the municipality agrees provide appropriate relocation sites, providing free infrastructure (e.g. kiosks) and free trading license.

Stage 3- Design and Construction: During this stage the Universitas Sebelas Maret of Surakarta started to design and construct the new market place. The market place area covered 11,950 m2 and could hold 1,018 kiosks, with total cost IDR 9 billion (approx. USD 1 Million). Also during this stage a number of training were provided to the street vendors.

Stage 4- Relocation Ceremony: A traditional relocation procession (referred to as kirab) The procession symbolized a peaceful relocation to a new market, it also symbolized that the government is standing by its citizens. At the new market place the local government provided incentives: free kiosks, working capital, free trading licenses and grace period of trade tax for first six months.

Figure 34: Shows Monument 45 Park (2005), before the revitalization program, crowded with informal vendors .

Source: Journal Sains dan Teknologi Lingkungan

7.2 Phases of Relocation Process

Figure 35: Shows Monumen 45 Park at present, after the revitalization program.

Source: Journal Sains dan Teknologi Lingkungan

Page | 41

7. RELOCATION OF BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study Stage 5 –Publications on the program: Trainings and capacity building was provided to the street vendors to manage their business and the street vendors association merged into the Masyarakat Mandiri Cooperative. Also during this stage the city information offices provided publications on the program.

Figure 36: Photos showing the Pasar Klitikan Notoharjo Source: Pemerintah Kota Surakarta.

Figure 37: Photo showing the traditional relocation procession Source: Pemerintah Kota Surakarta.

Figure 38: Newspaper Advertising Klithikan Notoharjo Source: Muhammad Khoirul Sholih, 2009

7.3 New Market Pasar Klithikan Notoharjo The new market was built on 17000 m2 vacant land on the main street of Semanggi consisting of building structures for indoor display areas as well as outdoor marketing areas where the vendors can place their stationary and ambulatory vending structures. The market also includes a Mosque.The market is working all days of the weeks from morning till evening and the selling items in the market includes; Used goods, shoes, helmets, motorcycle parts, cellphones and musical instruments. The traders are from Surakarta City and Outside of Regions such as Sukoharjo, Karanganyar, Semarang The building structures inside the market consist of two storey buildings where the vendors can display their goods and outdoor markets as shown in the photos.

Figure 39: Map of the new market.

Source: https://pwk.ft.uns.ac.id/pasarsolo/pasar-notoharjo/

7.3 New Market in Surakarta

Page | 42

7. RELOCATION OF BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study

Figure 40: Showing activity settings.

A: Street vendors selling on non-fixed elements in the outdoor display area.

B: Street vendors selling on semi-fixed elements in the outdoor display area, C: Street Vendors selling inside the first floor of the indoor display area.

D: Street vendors selling inside the second floor of the indoor display area.

Source: https://pwk.ft.uns.ac.id/pasarsolo/pasar-notoharjo/

based on the analysis conducted by the authors, we assume that the stakeholders’ feedback and interests changed after the series of meetings and agreements held between the vendors and the government with the assistance of other stakeholders. At this stage the street vendors and the traditional street vendor association were quite supportive as their requirements were met. At this stage the park visitor and the city inhabitants continued being supportive of the program. While the NGOs , city information offices and the local university of Sebelas Maret are considered stayed as neutral stakeholders in the program.

Figure 41: Stakeholders of Panjarsari Vendor Market Ater Relocation Source: Conducted and visualized by the researvhers.

Page | 43

7. RELOCATION OF BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study 7.4 Financing of the Project The budget invested in this program was provided by the government as the municipality annual budget and the street vendors’ self-help budget. and it was invested in; • Social and institutional preparation.

• Physical and construction of relocation sites, stalls, carts and tents.

• Relocation costs and free license fee • Research and training • Working capital for street vendors.

• Promotion of the new marketplace 7.5 Partcipation Level The Government worked together with the street vendors through a number of meetings to engage the street vendors in the decision making, the street vendors requirements were taken into consideration; however the government was the ultimate decision maker, and this level of participation is known as collaborate level 7.6 Comparison between two case studies

7.4 Financing of the Project

Page | 44

7. RELOCATION OF BANJARSARI STREET VENDORS International Case Study

7.6 Comparison between Al-Tounsi Market and Panjarsari Matket Street Vendors

Page | 45

8. CONCLUDING REMARKS

‫ظ ت تن ة‬ ��‫ ملاح�ا� اس��ا�ج ي‬-٨

Page | 46

8.CONCLUDING REMARKS International Case Study 8.1 Findings and Conclusions • Strategies for pertaining the natural market such as financing for construction of infra-structure and provision of amenities, mechanism for allotment of the designated spaces needs to be developed through: multi-stakeholder consultations, government authorities, planners, police, vendors and other community members.

• Need for inclusive comprehensive planning, thus achieving in depth level of participatory approaches.

• From the planning perspective, it’s assumed that natural markets are overpopulated without adequate space to accommodate all the occupying groups and the multiple activities. Harsh steps of removal the vendors are consider predictable for ensuring smooth flow of traffic. These views are shared by local authorities, city planners, designers and citizens, however they overlook the significance of natural markets and their role in income generation for the poor. There should be an involvement of all the stakeholders in the planning process.

• It’s a suggestion to a schematic design solution for inclusive planning to achieve equitable growth and development of the city.

• Inclusive planning for the community of the graveyards.

• There should be a comprehensive planning for the pet’s (Birds market) and other thematic markets of Al-Tounsi market, as the relocation strategy targeted some of the thematic markets.

8.2 Reccomendations The solution should be on three levels: • The first legislative level amending the laws in force since the forties and fifties and creating a flexible system of licenses and conditions for obtaining and renewing them and the fines and training required for street vendors. With specifying the advantages that the seller gets, such as the rights to social and health insurance.

• The second level is to form a committee at the level of each local unit for the sale of the locals, specifying the locations of the fixed and weekly markets, organizing and monitoring the workers therein, provided that the street vendors and their organizations are represented in the membership of these committees.

• The third level of street vendors themselves is to form independent trade unions, independent cooperatives, social ties, and associations that organize their ranks and defend their rights and interests. The phenomenon of roaming sale is an economic and social phenomenon in which millions of Egyptians work and serve millions of Egyptians. Dealing with it should not be limited to the security concept only. It is not only security that regulates life.

Regarding the stolen, endangered specied of pets, it goes to the level of legalization of licenses and monitoring the sellers, aside giving their rights, as mentioned previusly in the above three points.

8.1 Findings and Conclusions

Page | 47

8.CONCLUDING REMARKS International Case Study 8.2 Reccomendations Integrating the academia and researchers in the relocation strategy starting from the participation to the design process. Including Extensions method, as the proposed units might fulfill the needs.

Thinking about the furniture and the activity settings, and the ony day market potential; in order to fit in the extroverted atural market, into the introverted new setting in Al-Basatin.

Figure 42: Shop Extension and Frontage Guidline Source: Cluster, Archiving the City in Flux, 2013

8.2 Reccomendations

Page | 48

9. REFERENCES

‫ل‬ � ‫م‬ ‫ا را ج ع‬-٩

Page | 49 9. REFERNCES REFRENCES: 1 17300IIED.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2020, from https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/17300IIED.pdf 2 Prajasari, F., Wijaya, A. F., & Saleh, C. (2015). Policy Evaluation Of Restructuring Street Vendors in Surakarta City (Study of Street Vendors in Monument Park Banjarsari and Street Vendors in Manahan Stadium). Wacana, Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 18(03), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.21776/ ub.wacana.2017.018.03.4 3 Song, L., & Taylor, J. (n.d.). A CASE STUDY OF STREET FOOD VENDOR RELOCATIONS IN TWO INDONESIAN CITIES. 14.

4 Song, L., & Taylor, J. (2018). Making food markets work: Towards participatory planning and adaptive governance. In Y. Cabannes & C. Marocchino (Eds.), Integrating Food into Urban Planning (pp. 229–246). UCL Press; JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv513dv1.18 5 Surakarta_2010_en_final.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2020, from https://www.uclg-cisdp.org/ sites/default/files/Surakarta_2010_en_final.pdf 6

Taylor, J., & Song, L. (2016). Return to the Streets. Cityscape, 18(1), 71–88. JSTOR.

7 Urban-Agriculture-Magazine-no.-31-Inclusive-Use-of-Urban-Space.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2020, from https://ruaf.org/assets/2019/11/Urban-Agriculture-Magazine-no.-31-Inclusive-Use-of-Urban-Space.pdf 8 Ahmed Moustafa Osman. “In ‘Al-Tunisi’ .. burials turned into ‘Source of income’ and vendors refuse to move the market.” Al-Watan. Accessed May 23, 2020. https://www.elwatannews.com/news/ details/2380679.

9 AlBwaba News. “Eye on the News .. The Government Begins Disposal of the Friday Market,” January 8, 2017. https://www.albawabhnews.com/2643425.

10

Al-Wafd. “Friday Market Deposits anarchy,” January 14, 2018. https://alwafd.news/

12 Dina K. Shehayeb. “Living and Working in Historic Cairo - Sustainability of Commercial and Productive Activities.” URHC, 2011.

13 ElBalad News. “The Capital Adopts a New Plan to Accommodate Street Vendors from the Streets of Cairo ... The Governor Orders the Streets to Be Cleaned of Works ... and Sellers: ‘The New Markets Ruined Our Income,’” October 1, 2017. https://www.elbalad.news/2571921.

9 REFERENCES

Page | 50 9. REFERNCES 14 Hussam Aldin Mohamed Magdy Abd El-kawi. “Under the Bridge” as an urban space in the Egyptian City.” Master’s Thesis, Cairo University, 2011.

15 Ibrahim Mouwad. “Cairo signs an agreement of 180 million pounds to implement the Civilized Tounsi Market.” Al-Masry Al Youm, August 6, 2017. https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/ details/1145992.

16 Islam Sharawy. “The draft law regulating street vendors in egypt.” Cairo, Egypt: Al-Fagr News Gate, February 12, 2018. https://www.elfagr.com/2964893.

17 New Urban Communities Authority. “Relocation of street vendors in Cairo,” August 2017. http://www.newcities.gov.eg/Lists/List7/AllItems.aspx 18 Sada Al-Balad. “2016 ,‫سوق التونيس” يرفضون تهديدات انتقالهم‬. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCJlG2rdYoU&t=96s.

19 Video youm 7. ‫ سوق التونيس الجديد يوفر مكان امن للباعة‬:‫مدير إسكان القاهرة‬. Cairo, Egypt, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbTTX9sWUU8.

20 Youm 7. “The Tunisian Civilized Market Complex in Al-Basateen rid the capital of 7 random markets .. It accommodates scrap and cars with an area of 60 thousand meters at a cost of 350 million pounds and the opening next April .. The Governor of Cairo is equipped with all services and surveillance cameras,” January 21, 2020. https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/1/21/ 21 ElBalad News. “With a budget of 250 Million pounds, the Tunsi Civilized market is constructed, 12 facts about the new market ’” November 29, 2019. https://www.elbalad.news/4075987 22 Maverickbird journal. “Friday’s Market in Cairo the City of the Dead,” November 2017. http:// www.maverickbird.com/outside-india/africa/egypt/friday-market-in-cairo/.

23 Dostor. “‘Buying, Selling and Competitions’ .. The Pet Birds Market in Sayyida Aisha (Video),” December 4, 2019. https://www.dostor.org/2588953?fbclid=IwAR1BGXhDH5KiH8Vd5-CkTpLsDzZLoYUoBzgvv1WuOFQ3YNmUC30Qyong7ak.

24 Ministry of Environment Egypt. ,19-2-2016 ‫حملة وزارة البيئة عىل سوق الجمعة بالسيدة عائشة لتجارة الحيوانات الربية‬ 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ggx_HzAHKg.

Page | 51

10. APPENDICES

‫ح‬ ‫ الملا ق‬-١٠

Page | 52 10. APPENDICES THE DRAFT LAW REGULATING STREET VENDORS IN EGYPT Representative Hala Abu Al-Saad, head of the Governorates Party’s parliamentary body, presented a draft law to regulate the work of street vendors, urging it to be considered quickly, explaining that she had submitted this project wat the beginning of the first session and had not been discussed yet despite its importance.1 • Article (1) A Street vendor is: anyone who sells goods or merchandise, offers them for sale, or practices a trade or industry in any way or public place without a fixed place. Anyone who wanders from one place to another, goes to homes to sell goods, offers them for sale, or practices a trade or industry by roaming.

• Article (2) It is not permitted to practice the craft of a street vendor, unless obtaining a license from the local unit or the district concerned with the governorate.

• Article (3) The license is valid for a period of one year and it may be renewed. The renewal application must be submitted before the end of the last month of the license period, and the license shall not be considered and it’s canceled by the end of its period.

• Article (4) The licensee must carry the license while practicing his craft, and he must present the license whenever requested.

• Article (5) The licensee must return the license and the distinctive mark to the local unit or the relevant district in the event that he stops to practice his craft or in the case of revoking the license.

• Article (6) It is not permitted to license the practice of a street vendor’s for the following persons: 1. Anyone under the age of twelve years.

2. People with an infectious or mental illness.

3. Non-Egyptians even if they are studying in the Arab Republic of Egypt.

• Article (7) The license shall be revoked if it is proven that the licensee is in one of the cases stipulated in paragraphs (1) and (2) of the previous article.

• Article (8) A city council, or licensing authority may allocate specific places for the parking of street vendors or special groups of them, and it may limit the maximum number of them to each, and it may also prevent them from stopping to practice the profession in other than these places.

10-APPENDICES

Page | 53 10. APPENDICES

• Article (9) It is not allowed for street vendors: 1. Prosecuting the public by displaying their goods, practicing their craft, or standing in the streets and fields where a decision is issued by the competent authority.

2. Stand near the schools.

3. Stopping in places where the police are prohibited from stopping them for necessity necessitated by traffic, public order, public security or public health.

4. Standing near shops that trade or practice the same profession to be licensed, and the distance between the applicant for a commodity must not be less than 100 meters.

5. Selling crackers, candles, or fireworks.

6. Selling all kinds of foods unless he has the approval of Minicipality Foods.

7. Sell or display any expired or anonymous sources goods.

• Article (10) The application for licensing shall be submitted to the director of licenses in the local unit or the concerned district in two copies, including the following data: 1. The requester’s name, surname, age, place of birth, industry or profession, place of residence, national ID card number and address to which it is sent.

2. The type of commodity or merchandise whose license is required to practice selling it, or the trade and industry that the license is required to be practiced.

3. The place or region where the work permit is requested.

• Article (11) The following documents shall be attached to the license application: 1. Three recent photographs for the student, size 3 x 4 cm 2. Birth certificate or a copy of the national ID card.

3. A health certificate approved by the health unit stating that it is free from infectious diseases stipulated in Article (6) of this law.

4. A certificate of membership of the license applicant in the Street Vendors Association or the Trade Union Committee, if any.

• Article (12) The Department of Licensing in Districts and City Councils is a record in which applications for licenses are recorded, stating the date of application submission, its serial number, the name of the applicant, the subject of the request and what is done in it first-hand, until a decision is issued in the license to be included in this record.

Page | 54 10. APPENDICES

• Article (13) A special file for each license applicant is created in the Licensing Department and numbered withthe registration numbers of applications in the record referred to in the previous article. The license application or the renewal of the license, documents and data supporting him and the minutes of the committee’s sessions and the original transcripts of its decisions and the papers on the file cover are kept up to date according to the dates of their receipt and are not withdrawn. From this file, any documents after submitting them, except with the approval of the Licensing Manager. In all cases, the period of granting the license to his applicant should not exceed 12 days. If the period is later than that without any reasons, the license applicant may complain to the district head or the secretary of the governorate. The representative of the street vendors association a key member of the District Committee competent to grant licenses. Do not withdraw documents from this file unless approved by the License Manager.

• Article (14) Whenever the requester proves that the conditions stipulated by the law are fulfilled, the competent department will receive the required license and the distinctive mark from him when he grants the license and the distinctive mark, it costs one hundred and twenty pounds and it should be visibly around his arm.The competent district or the licensing committee may collect a work fee of 50-100 pounds from the applicant.

• Article (15) It is not permissible in any case to waive the distinctive mark or hand it over to others to do the same work, and the owner of the mark is deprived of the license for a year if it is proven that.

• Article (16) If the license is lost or damaged, the licensee must lose the distinctive mark to inform the neighborhood to give him a certified copy of it and a mark for practicing a new profession.

• Article (17) The district employee who specializes in the licensing department and who has the right to search shall have the capacity of judicial seizure in proving crimes and violations related to the provisions of this law and the decisions implementing it.

• Article (18) The governorates and city councils organize markets on a regular basis in specific days and places (one-day market) and the applicant for a license to sell in this market applies to the relevant district to obtain the relevant license after paying the prescribed fees.

Page | 55 APPENDICES

• Article (19) If a street vendor exercises the profession without a license, the competent authority may remove the works immediately and seize the things and goods that occupy the road and verify its vocabulary in a record and then transfer it to a store prepared by the competent authority and the offender must recover the seized items within a date determined by the competent authority and notify him of that after paying the consideration fee and a fine not Less than twice the occupancy fee due, and if he does not do so, the competent authority may sell it by public auction or destroy it if it is already perishable and spoiled or if it is an expired commodity and in all cases when unable to pay the fees prescribed for the violation be collected through administrative attachment. • Article (20) Without prejudice to any evil penalty stipulated by another law, he shall be punished with a fine of no less than 500 EGP (five hundred pounds) and imprisonment for a period of no less than a week and not exceeding 60 days, or one of these two penalties, whoever violates this law or the decisions implementing it. • Article (21) All competent authorities, each within its jurisdiction, shall implement this law and it shall be enforced from the date of its publication in the Official newspapers.