1. We can use question word with the verb be to form wh-Question Where are you from? What’s your name? 2. We don’t use the contracted from of are with a question word NOT whe’re you from? 3. Have got 4. We use have got to express possession Sharon’s got long hair We’ve got time for a coffee Affirmative Full from I have got You have got He has got She has got It has got We have not got You have not got They have not got
Contracted form I’ve got You’ve got He’s got She’s got It’s got We’ve got You’ve got They’ve got
Negative Full form I have not got You have not got He has not got She has not got It has not got We have not got You have not got They have not got
Contracted form I haven’t got You haven’t got He hasn’t got She hasn’t got It hasn’t got We haven´t got You haven’t got They haven’t got
He hasn’t got a brother They haven’t got s pet
Question Have I got? Have you got? Has he got? Has she got? Has it got? Have we got? Have you got? Have they got? Short Answer Affirmative Yes, I have Yes, You have Yes, He has Yes, She has Yes, It has Yes, We have Yes, You have Yes, They have 1. 2. 3.
Negative No, I Haven’t No, You Haven’t No, He hasn’t No, She hasn’t No, It hasn’t No, We haven’t No, you haven’t No, they haven´t
Have you got brother and sisters? Yes, I have We don’t use the contracted form in affirmative short answer NOT Yes, I’ve We use question words to from wh question What have you got there? Why have you got two TV’s in your bedroom?
There is/there are There’s + a/an + singular countable noun There’s + some + uncountable noun There are + some + plural countable noun We can use there is and there are to describe a scene There’s a cupboard near the door There’s some sugar on the table There’s are some clothes on the bed 1. We can’t use the contracted from of are in the phrase there are 2. NOT there’re some books
Negative There isn’t +a/an + singular countable noun There isn’t + any + uncountable noun There aren’t + any + plural countable noun 1. There isn´t a dog in the garden 2. There isn´t any milk in bowl 3. There aren´t any posters on the wall Affirmative I work You work He works She works It works We work You work They work We use the present simple talk about: 1. Repented action, habits and everyday I get up at seven o’clock every morning She doesn’t go to school by bus 1. Facts and things that are always true: Carmen ‘ is a Spanish name We don’t like Japanese food 2. We add –s to the third person singular affirmative form She chats to her friends on the internet It rains all the time in spring NOT It rain all the time Negative Full from I do not paly You do not play He does not play She does not play It does not play We do not play You do not play They do not play
Contracted form I don’t play You don’t play He doesn’t She doesn’t It doesn’t We don’t play You don’t play They don’t play
3.
We use doesn’t ford the third person singular negative from He doesn’t watch TV She doesn’t live near here NOT she don’t live near here
Spelling rules Most verb Verbs Ending -s,-x,-ch,-o Verbs Ending Consonant + -y Irregular Verbs
Run eat Watch Go Fly Try Be Have
+s
Runs eats Watches goes Flies tries Is Has
+ es -y + -ies irregular
Adverbs of frequency: Never:0
sometimes Hardly
usually often
always: 100
4. We use adverb of frequency to talk about how regularly we do something I sometime play football with my friends 5. We use the following word order with adverb of frequency Adverbs of frequency + verb I hardly ever go to the cinema 6. Be + adverb of frequency Oliver is usually very happy 7. To ask about someone’s routines and habits we can use How often + question form How often does Vanessa play cards?
Question Do I read? Do You read? Does He read? Does She read? Does It read? Do We read? Do You read? Do They read? Short answer Affirmative Yes, I do Yes, You do Yes, He does Yes, She does Yes, It does Yes, We do Yes, You do Yes, They do
Negative No, I don’t No, You don’t No, He doesn´t No, She doesn’t No, It doesn’t No, We don’t No, You don’t No, They don’t
8. It short answer we repeat the auxiliary do or does not the infinitive Do you play tennis? Yes, I do Not Yes, I play 0
Hate
Not like
Not mind
Like
Love
100
We use hate, not like, not mind, like and love + ing form talks about preferences I hate writing letters Paul doesn´t like cleaning the car Not she loves play basketball Spelling Ruler: -ing form Most Verb Verb Ending –e Verb Ending –ie Verbs Ending Consonant + Vowel
Read, Fly, listen Make, Write Lie Swim, Chat, shop
+ing -e + -ing -ie + y + ing Double consonant + -ing
Reading, listening Making, Writing Lying Swimming chatting
Present Continuous Affirmative Full From I am listening You are listening He is listening She is listening It is listening We are listening You are listening They are listening
Contracted From I’m listening You’re listening He’s listening She’s listening It’s listening We’re listening You’re listening They’re listening
She’s changing her clothes They’re going ice skating Negative Full form I am mot dreaming You are not dreaming He is not dreaming She is not dreaming It is not dreaming We are not dreaming You are not dreaming They are not dreaming
Contacted Form I’m not dreaming You aren´t dreaming He isn´t dreaming She isn´t dreaming It isn´t dreaming We aren´t dreaming You aren´t dreaming They aren´t dreaming
I’m not doing anything at the moment They aren´t speaking English Question Am I sleeping? Are you sleeping? Is he sleeping? Is she sleeping? Is it sleeping? Are we sleeping? Are you sleeping? Are they sleeping? Are you writing to jack? / Who is he talking to
Short answers Affirmative Yes, I am Yes, You are Yes, He is Yes, She is Yes, It is Yes, we are Yes, You are Yes, They are
Negative No, I’m not No, You aren´t No, he isn´t No, she isn´t No, it´s isn´t No, were aren´t No, you aren´t No, they aren´t
Is it raining outside? No, it isn´t NOT no it isn´t raining 9. We use the present continuous to talk about what were are doing at the moment of specking often with expression such as now and at the moment Karla’s having a shower at the moment I can’t come to the phone right now. I’m washing my hair 10. We can use the present continuous to talk about future plans Later, tonight, tomorrow Next/this + week end/week/month On + day of week/date At + time In + month Object pronouns We use object pronouns to say who or what is the object of the verb We broke it He loves me Subject Pronoun I You He She It We You They
Object Pronoun Me You Him Her It Us You Them
Object pronouns go after the main verb There’s pasta for lunch we don’t like it very much Not we don’t it like Present simple v present continuous We use the present simple and present continuous for different situation Present simple For routines and habits My dad works in an office For facts and things that are always true An author writes books With adverbs of frequency and other frequency expressions I go to the park every day With state and sense verbs (e.g. Like love,hate,want,know,ect)
Present Continuous For things that are happening right now I’m writing to my granny For situations that are happening around now My dad is working on a new project With time expression such as now and at the moment He’s doing his / Homework now Not used whit state and sense verbs (e, g like, love , hate , want, know , etc.) Not They aren’t liking coffee
Time expression We use the following expression with the present simple and present continuous with present meaning Present Simple Adverbs of frequency At + time at three o’clock, at midnight at the weekend In + part of a day in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening BUT at night Every Every day, Every week, Every Saturday Once a …, twice a week, three times a month Bob plays football once a week He’s making lunch now
Present Continuous Now Right now At the moment
Comparative
11. We use comparative adjectives to compare people, animals or things A tiger is quicker than an elephant My bedroom is smaller than the living room 12. We always follow the comparative adjective with than, not than A tiger is quicker than many animals NOT A tiger is quicker that an elephant
Generally, we form comparative by adding –er to the adjective but there exception (see table) Spelling Rulers Adjective Short adjective Adjective ending in –e Short adjective ending ending in consonant + -Y Adjective ending in vowel + consonant, except –w Irregular adjective
Tall Blue
+ -er +-r
Taller than Bluer than
Fat
Double the consonant +- er
Fatter tan
Early
Change – Y to+ er
Earlier than
Difficult
More adjective
More difficult tan
Superlative We use superlative adjectives to compare Short Adjective Adjective Ending Short adjective ending in vowel + consonant + Y Adjective of two or more syllables Irregular adjective
Adjective small Large Big Early Good Bad Far
+ -est + -st Double the consonant + -est Change –Y to –I +est
Comparative The smallest The largest The biggest The earliest The best The worst The feather
Was/Were Affirmative I was You were He was She was It was We were You were They were My grandfather was an engineer His parents ere very poor Negative Full from I was not You were not He was not She was not It was not We were not You were not They were not
Contracted form I wasn’t You weren’t He wasn’t She wasn’t It wasn’t We weren’t You weren’t They weren’t
You weren’t at home when I called John wasn’t interested in sport Question Was I…? Were you…? Was He…? Was She…? Was It…? Were We…? Were You…? Were They…? Was van Gogh Dutch? Were Marie and Pierre curie artist?