Library Learning center Learning commons Information center Community center Culture house mediatheque Media center “idea� store
Architecture thesis by Mitul Shihora Final year-2019 G.C.P.I.A.F.
Prof.(Dr)Dharmesh Juremalani Principal, Department of Architecture
Ar. Anand Kapadiya Thesis Co-Ordinator
Prof. Mehul patel H.O.D. Architecture
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that Mr. Mitul Ghanshyambhai Shihora of Department of architecture, G.C. Patel institute of architecture and interior design and fine arts has successfully completed the U.G. thesis project 2019 work titled library design for the partial fulfilment of requirement for completion of undergraduate course in bachelor of architecture.
This project is record of authentic work of the project carried himself/herself during the period from 17th December 2018 to 3rd 2019(semester 10)
out May
This work is found to be satisfactory for the purpose.
Mitul Ghanshyambhai Shihroa (145601065) B.Arch - V (semester – X )
Date:6th May, 2019
Ar. Pradeep Choksi Thesis guide
Institute Seal
Library design
CHAPTER
02 02 02 02
CHAPTER 03 04 05
CHAPTER 06 09 10 11 CHAPTER 12 13 14
CHAPTER 15 16 17
CHAPTER 18 23 32
Index
1:PREFACE
Introduction Problem Aim Objective
2:Theory World History of libraries History of Varna city Library of the Varna city
3:Site
analysis
Urban context Adjacent building Transportation and access Climate 4:Plannig
restriction
Different zone site context building parameters
5:Case
studies
Seattle public library Sendai mediathaque Comparative analysis
6:Planning Programme Drawings Views
00
Library design
Acknowledgment
Acknowledgment Apart from an individual efforts, success of any project largely depends on the encouragement and guidance of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all those people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this dissertation.
Firstly, I would like to thank my mother and father for being with me and supporting me. They have been the pillars of strength on which I stand.
Secondly, I would thank Ar. Anand Kapadiya for his guidance, encouragement and faith in me for this project.
I cannot afford to not to thank Ar. Pradeep Choksi, for his immense and very crucial help in developing a very imtresting approach for the dissertation and for all his guidance in the library design scope. I also thank Ar. Bhavesh Patel and Ar. Kunal Biscuitwala for there guidance.
Lastly, but very important, all my friends, parth, chirag, brijesh, hardik, payal, dhara, hinal for their help, support and the entertainment factor making this project very smooth sailing.
01
Library design
Preface
Introduction The municipality of Varna and the chamber of architects in Bulgaria – Varna invite Bulgarian and foreign architects in an open international architectural competition For a new building of Varna regional library
Problem A solution is yet to be found for a long-standing problem of the city of Varna which has been without proper building of its library for years.
130
The library of Varna is a
year old But presently its collection of
8,60,000 library items
6
Is spread in
different building
Aim The new building aims to collect the library under one roof, to ensure its comfortable and smooth working process and at the same time to create a new and active public space in the centre of Varna. This competition aims that the future building should demonstrate contemporary attitude to books and have one major message
“
We are a modern, open and friendly institution. Come to spend your free time with us.
objectives • To create an entirely new public space in the city. • To offer new and adaptive environment for reading and learning. • To collect in one building the scattered fund of 866 000 library items of Varna Regional Library and to secure additional space for 400 000 new. • To provide for a comfortable working process of all traditional library activities. • To become an attractive place and a good alternative to spend your free time, even for people who don’t traditionally use libraries. • To become a successfully integrated part of the neighbouring urban fabric and to offer a distinct architectural identity at the same time.`
02
Library design
World
history
Early ages
Theory
of
libraries Southwest Asia's fertile crescent was the birthplace of writing, sometimes before 3000 BC. These archives, which mainly consisted of the commercial transactions or inventories, mark the end of prehistory and the start of history.
Classical ages
Artistic rendering based on some archaeological evidence. Private libraries appeared during late republic, by now a library is got up as standard equipment and amenities suited to villa.
Middle ages
The need to preserve the words and with the invention of paper, world quickly begun to progress in its development of library.
Renaissan ce ages
After the invention of the printing press, many renaissance libraries began to collect printed texts as well as valuable manuscripts. The new library served primarily as an information retrieval system for contemporary scholars to research with and discuss.
Early modern ages
Modern ages
The printing press created economies of scale that allowed for the exchange of books to become more commonplace. Book fairs were the most merchants most common choice of sale and catalogues were their most common choice of organization.
In the 21st century, libraries are changing and evolving to match modern society. Many face financial issues and crises. However, they are finding ways to adapt to people's needs, such as providing digital services to patrons at home, and creating more user-friendly places.
03
Library design
History
Theory
of
Varna
city
• With its 350 000 inhabitants, Varna is the third largest city in Bulgaria. It is an important seaport and touristic center, and is located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, where the roads connecting Southeast Europe, Asia Minor, Russia and the Mediterranean have intersected for centuries • As a result, contemporary Varna is a multicultural mix of Bulgarians, Turks, Armenians, Greeks, Roma, Russians, Ukrainians and Jews, which have all been living successfully together for many years. Classical ages
Middle ages
• Varna became part of the Third Bulgarian Kingdom in 1878 with a population of just 3500 Bulgarians out of a total of 21 000. The number of Bulgarians steadily increased, until they became a majority in the first half of the 20th century. The cultural and ethnic diversity, however, remained.
• The first beaches in the city were built in 1890. In 1921, Varna was officially proclaimed a seaside resort. The “Sea Garden”, the coastal park which connects the central part of the city to the resorts to the north of it, was expanded further.
• During the period of socialism(1944-1989) the development of tourism along the Black Sea coast became official state policy. In 1955-6 began the construction of “Druzhba” and “Golden Sands”, which were the first two of a series of emblematic Bulgarian seaside resorts built in the second half of the 20th century.
• As a result of the turbulent history described above, the architecture of contemporary Varna is a peculiar cultural and historical mix, blending Antiquity, the Ottoman period, the Bulgarian Renaissance, the post-Ottoman period of the Third Bulgarian Kingdom, socialism and the construction boom after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Modern ages
• Varna’s urban environment hosts (with varied success) the coexistence of Roman ruins, houses and cultural monuments from the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, socialist modernism, and the chaotic surge in construction from the last 25 years, which is most evident in the coastal area and some parts of the city center.
04
Library design
Library
Theory
of
the
Varna
city
•
The Varna Pencho Slaveykov Regional Library was founded by the “Varna Book Club” in 1883, with donations from prominent citizens. It was named “Varna Municipal Library” in 1887. Since 1945, the library has been a repository for Bulgarian national literature, one of only 12 in the country.
•
Presently, the library functions as a modern cultural and information center, and initiates a number of annual events like the Marathon of the Reading People” and “Vacation in the Library”, as well as projects such as “Old Varna” and “Varna Digital Library”. At the end of 2014, the library held a collection of 6,98,585 books, 68,853 serials, 15,303 written music, and 92,331 non-books materials. The library has 9,340 membership card readers.
•
At the moment, the library consists of three separate, offsite storage facilities, and three locations which serve its readers. They are all far from each other, which makes them impractical to administrate. Their total Area amounts to about 4000 sq.m, which is highly insufficient. This creates difficulties in the execution of basic library operations.
IN
SHORT
Since
With collection of
1883 8,60,000 library items
In
20 different languages
Used by
1,23,000 visitors per year
From which
9,340 months old
The youngest members is
3 different languages
The oldest member is
96 years old
05
Library design
Urban
Site analysis
context Football stadium located 1.5 km from site
Universities located 2.3 km from site
Si te Airport located 3.3 km from site Culture and sports centre 1.5 km from site
Industries located 2.5 km from site Railway station located 3 km from site
06
Library design
Important
Site analysis
public
building
The opera, drama theatre, cathedral, archaeological museum, naval museum, railway station, and port of Varna would be within walking distance from the site. All of these locations routinely generate a large number of visitors, during the summer months when the tourist season is active.
Municipality hall
Archaeological museum
Palace of culture and sports
Site
City art gallery
Cathedral Festival and congress centre Drama and opera theatre Archaeological site roman bath Central railway station Naval museum
BLACK
SEA
Varna port
07
Library design
Open
public
Site analysis
space
The city’s main pedestrian thoroughfare and the “sea garden”, as well as several city parks would be in the immediate vicinity of the site. All of these areas are exceptionally popular with both local and tourist.
Site Archaeological museum park Sevastopol park
Main pedestrian street The sea garden
City garden
BLACK
SEA
08
Library design
Schools
Site analysis
and
universities
The central part of the city is home to the university of economics and the medical university, s well as number of elementary and high school.
High school High school Naval academy Medical university of Varna Site
National school of art and humanities
High school
University of economics varna
Elementary school Varna trade school High school
Professional school of tourism
BLACK
SEA
09
Library design
Schools
5
Site analysis Site analysis
and
universities
Number of floors Residential building Office building Hotels Public building Mixed used public and residential
09
Library design
Adjacent
Site analysis Site analysis
buildings:
Direction of traffic Bicycle lane Public transit stop Pedestrian walkway
10
Library design
Site analysis
Climate • Climate of Varna city is warm during spring and summer.
• Average January temperature : 1.7 C.
• Average for July : 22.8 C.
• Yearly average : 12.2 C.
• Lowest temperature on record : -24.3 C on February 10th 1929..
• Highest temperature on record : 41.4 C in July.
• The longest sun-hours in Varna occur in July and August, with 331 and 313 hours respectively.
• .The climate in the city’s surroundings is suitable for the cultivation of Mediterranean vegetation. Varna is very appropriate for balneotherapy.
11
Library design
Planning restriction
NORTH
Different
zone
Expanded competition area The expanded competition area includes the public space around the new library building. Suggestions for its development can be park and urban design elements and structures (such as sidewalks, alleys, flowerpots, stairs, ramps, lighting, rest areas, etc.) Techniques for landscaping which ensure different approaches to and. perception of the building can also be applied (such as lowering the terrain, the formation of characteristic landscape elements, etc.). Expanded area
Underground construction zone The underground construction zone overlaps with the plot’s boundaries. The maximum built-up area for one underground level is 3,700 square meters.
Underground construction area (dark outline) and expanded area (pale outline).
Built-up areas Ground level: maximum built-up area of 2,960 square meters. Maximum total built-up area of the overground levels (ground level included) 18,500 square meters.
Overground construction area (dashed line), underground construction area and expanded area
12
Library design
Planning restriction
NORTH
Site
context
1
Sidewalk of Osmi Primorski plok blvd
Range of possible overground construction
2
Pedestrian alley
Expanded site areasurrounding spaces
3
ReŃ essed square with entrance to Municipality Hall Varna
plot and range of possible underground construction
5
Surrounding buildings number of floors
Automobile traffic direction
4
5
A
Municipality Hall Varna main entrance
B
Municipality Hall Varna entrance
C
Municipality Hall Varna entrance
D
Approach to reŃ essed square with11 entrance to Municipality Hall Varna
E
Approach to pedestrian area, around Municipality Hall Varna
ReŃ essed square without connection with the surrounding areas Ramp - automobile access to the Municipality Hall Varna underground level
F
Approach to the ramp for automobile access to the Municipality Hall Varna underground level
13
Library design
Planning restriction
NORTH
Building
parameters
Building parameters plot and range of possible underground construction
Plot total area
3,700 sqm.
Range of possible overground construction
Maximum built-up area of the ground floor
2,960 sqm
Expanded site areasurrounding spaces
Maximum built-up area of an underground floor
3,700 sqm
Maximum total built-up area of all over ground
18,500 sqm
levels (ground floor level included) Minimum green area
740 sqm
14
Library design
Seattle
Case studies
public
library
Seattle public library
ARCHITEC : OMA, JOSHUA PRINCE-RAMUS YEAR : 1999 – 2004 LOCATION : SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, UNITED STATES
Mezzanine Function : information and research. Feature : Two floors. On the upper floor, a cluster of information desks that architects call the “mixing chamber” or “trading floor”. The lower floor contains computer labs and meeting rooms. Headquarters Function : Administration citywide public library ` system. Feature : Two floor of offices and meeting room. some government publication will be stored hear, and as more are issued in digital format, more office space will become available. Collection Function : Housing fro nonfiction collection, main reading room. Feature : A gradual slope -an angle of about 2 degrees-winds through four floors of book stacks. The idea is to keep the nonfiction collection in one reliable , spacious place and avoid the confusion of shifting books into other room.
Entrance levels Fifth Avenue Function : public space , building entrance, fiction collection, teen area, café. Feature : Large informal area known as the “ living room” features seating and outlets to plug laptop computers. Fourth Avenue Function : Main entrance. Feature : Drop-off lane In front. Staff level, garage Function : Parking, staff offices, shipping and receiving. Feature : Staff floor between fourth and fifth avenue levels delivery bays. 15
Library design
Sendai
Case studies
mediathaque
roof Sendai mediatheque
6 level
ARCHITEC : TOYO ITO YEAR : 1998 – 2001 LOCATION : SENDAI, MIYAGI, JAPAN
5 level 4 level 3 level 2 level Library
1 level 0 level
Art studio Function : Auditorium , audio-visual library, art and culture library, staff’s offices, lounge. Feature : number of office facility for staff and auditorium for seminar and lecture along with that there is studios facilities. Gallery Function : Gallery A,B,C with foyer and unpacking area. Feature : Two floors On the upper floor large open gallery which can be adaptable as per need. On lower floor series of gallery use for exhibition .
Function : Information and research. Feature : Two floors. On the upper floor, a cluster of information desks that use for reading. The lower floor contains series of books with reading area.
Information center Function : Information area, newspapers / magazines, browsing area, children’s area, Feature : Cluster of tables, and computer with rack of newspaper and children books.
Entrance level, Plaza Function : Main entrance, delivery entrance, open-air square, stage, café, information desk, shop. Feature : Large informal area open for public.
16
Library design
Case studies
Comparative
analysis
Seattle public library
Inferences
Sendai mediatheque
Location
Preferable location of the site of this kind of building should be at the core of the city.
Structure
Structure of the building should be such as that it make space that modification or expansion of space can be possible.
Flexibility of space
To make space more flexible and interactive, wall or visual barrier should be minimum
.
Form
Form of the building should be expandable and relation between the nature to building can be improve.
Connection To nature
Both architect try to opted for a frank transparency towards the environment.
17
Library design
Programme
Programme Net area (sq.m)
Working positions
1.0
Main lobby and public services (open access)
1.1
Entrance area
680
Entrance area and main lobby
240
Registration and information
20
24/7 Book return depositories
20
Cloakroom with 300 person capacity and 100 personal lockers
60
1
Information hall
60
5
40
2
60
1
Copy center Seattle public library
Souvenir shop Restrooms and service closets
1.2
40
Security (Control room)
20
Lobby Exhibition area
ARCHITEC : OMA, JOSHUA PRINCE-RAMUS YEAR : 1999 – 2004 LOCATION : SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, UNITED STTES
Auditorium
1.4
2
640
Exhibition area storage
1.3
120
General purpose storage
Events
2
120 160 20 240
Dressing rooms, restrooms and bathrooms
60
Stage storage
40
Meet, study, work
200
320
Individual and group work spaces
80
20
Conference rooms
80
24
Hobby zone
80
20
Training center
80
20
Cafeteria
160
Customer service area
120
Kitchenette
20
Storage
20
Total net (clear) area
50
1 800 18
Library design
2.0 2.1
Reading area (controlled access) Entrance area
positions
340 2
Self check-in terminals
40
20
Serials desk
80
20
Printing services
20
1
IT Lab
60
15
Children
120 1 200
Book collection and reading places
900
15
Reading, games and events
160
30
Area for parents
20
10
Circulation and reference desk
20
3
100
20
Teenagers
1 700
Book collection and reading places
1 300
Reference books and reading areas
80
Study and individual work area
2.4
Working
20
Outdoor reading and playing area 2.3
Net area (s`q.m)
Circulation and reference desk
Restrooms and service closets 2.2
Programme
25
180
45
Hobby zone
80
20
Circulation and reference desk
20
3
Office to circulation and reference desk
20
2
Office of Children and Teenagers’ sections supervisor
20
1
Adults
2 440
Book collection and reading places
1 300
25
Reference books and reading areas
300
Individual reading areas
600
200
Group work areas
120
32
Individual reading cubicles
60
10
Circulation and reference desk
20
3
19
Library design
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Programme
Office to circulation and reference desk
20
2
Office of Adults sections supervisor
20
1
Arts and Media center
720
Collection
300
10
Arts and Media center
100
25
Circulation and reference desk
20
3
Office of supervisor
20
1
Local storage
280
American corner
240
Library items collection
140
Hobby zone
80
20
Circulation and reference desk
20
1
Deutsche Lesesaal
240
Library items collection
140
Hobby zone
80
20
Circulation and reference desk
20
1
Specialized reading areas
480
Local history reading area
80
Local history local storage
2.9
320
Rare and valuable documents reading area
20
Rare and valuable documents local storage
40
Circulation and reference desk
20
Open air reading
140
Outdoor area with reading places
140
Total net (clear) area
20
5
1
30
7 500
20
Library design
3.0
Main storage facility (restricted access) Library main storage facility
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Net area (sq.m)
Working positions
4 960
Work room
20
2
Bookbinding, restoration, conservation
20
1
Total net (clear) area
4.0
Programme
Library administrative area (restricted access) Acquisition section
5 000 Net area (sq.m) 180
Incoming materials receiving area
40
Storage for new materials
80
Office
60
Cataloguing and processing
6
140
Office
60
Catalogued items processing area
40
Traditional catalogues-staff-only
40
Information technolоgy
Working positions
6
120
Head of department office
20
1
Office
40
4
Technology, repairs, storage
20
Digital laboratory
40
Reference and bibliographic section&Expert consultancy
140
Head of department office
20
1
Bibliographical reference and local history
60
6
Expert consultancy
20
2
Local storage
40
Administration Library director office
180 40
1 21
Library design
4.6
4.7
Programme
Conference room
60
20
Finance accounting and HR oďŹƒce
40
4
Financial archive
20
Library archive
20 120
General sta area Cloakroom and lockers
20
Break rooms
60
Restrooms and service closets
40
Technical and service areas
120
Installation room
60
Server room
20
Technical inventory storage
20
Sanitation storage
20
Total net (clear) area
1 000
Total net (clear) area of all functional areas of the overground construction
15 300
sq m
Maximum total built-up area of overground construction*
18 500
sq m
AR E A OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTI O N
5.0
Public underground garage
5.1
Parking spots (300-350)
5.2
Manoeuvre zone and vertical communication
Total built-up area of the public underground garage
11 100
sq m
22
Library design
Drawings
NORTH
Site
plan
23
Library design
Drawings
NORTH
Ground
floor
plan
24
Library design
Drawings
NORTH
First
floor
plan
25
Library design
Drawings
NORTH
Second
floor
plan
26
Library design
Drawings
NORTH
Third
floor
plan
27
Library design
Drawings
NORTH
Forth/Fifth
floor
plan
28
Library design
Drawings
NORTH
Sixth/Seven
floor
plan
29
Library design
Drawings
NORTH
Eight
floor
plan
30
Library design
Exploded
Drawings
programmatic
axo
31
Library design
Drawings
views
32
