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architecture PORTFOLIO 2019- 2020 QIXING HUANG FUTURE CITY

Newcastle University dreamboatallen@gmail.com

CONTENT

I would like to thank my studio tutors, Kieran Connolly and Luke Rigg, for their concrete advise and consistent support and keeping me calm. Learnt a lot from both them and studio peers. I think I have been imporved both academically and also as a person during this year. Really appreciate it.

Illustrated Reflective Report Charrette Primer Staging Field Trip Field Trip Case Study Report Realisation & Synthesis Thinking Through Making Illustrated Cultural Bibliography Bibliography/ List of figure Appendix

2-5 6-9 10-27 28-44 45-50 51-58 59-97 61-64 98-107 108-109 110-129

illustrated reflective report

N O P R

VOLUNTEER TRAINNING ROOM

S T V

TOURIST/CUSTOMER

th ing st og et the m

M MARKET NON-VOLUNTEER RENTER

ba ck to ma rke

CINEMA VOLUNTEER

t or

use the m

for the ci

PUBLIC ACCESSIBLE

nem

a TICKET REQUESTED/RENTAL

BOOKING IN ADVANCE

R REPAIR ROOM

PROHIBITED

Star and Shadow Cinema Mapping

RECYCLE opportunities / social agenda New Tenants in Baltic Triangle

The Circular Economy

Recycled Material

ct f

tor

D esig n

or a Ci

rc u la r E co n

The fashion store sevenstore is in the heart of Baltic Triangle. They advocate the brands they are selling represent “Baltic Youth”, while none of designers come from Baltic Triangle or even Liverpool.

Key Statistics of Social Agenda

Inv e s

ic em

ConsumerPro

ngevity Lo

Product

“Baltic Youth”?

uenc

duct fo r Pro

r ake yM lic nufacture Ma in se

e rvic Se

Brand

r Resource Mana Expe ge Product fo Po rR e-u

Product for

Infl

al eri at M

Factory

The store acts like a collectors of brands then distribute them to specific individuals, who has their unique taste. While the products barely has connection with Baltic Triangle.

BALTIC TRIANGLE is an up and coming area with new developments happening. New investor interest in the Baltic Triangle with hotel, student and residential schemes are worrying existing businesses operating from within the area who fear that they may be ultimately squeezed out of Baltic.

The new apartment buildings are usually externally fancy, but the interiorly placeless.The new furniture is usually bought from IKEA and other common places, the objects that are interacted with people has lost Baltic Triangle’s identity.

Brands’ Distributor Resource Facility

Through Theory into Practice, I did numerous amounts of readings in terms of mappings- James Corner’s Rhizomatic mapping interests me and open my mind about how mapping can provide more potential information and the possibility for the readers. I took the rhizomatic concepts and citizen mapping as a reference to make a new mapping drawing. It has a more explicit logic- following the furniture making process and refines and deliberates the different space qualities and atmosphere that I need to provide for various functions/ and the spatial arrangement. During the process, I have kept in mind to make sure the methods I used are to explore my design that relevant to my brief and programme.

Bran d

储物空间 12:00-7:00+

During Primer, we did an exemplar study and initial site analysis. The exemplar study encourages me to research a volunteer-run community cinema in Newcastle. In this smaller scale, I started to enjoy the analysis process and research on architecture in a wider context, also I start to refine my mapping technique- trying to explain my research and the analytical process by large- scale drawings. This technique has been developed throughout the year.

OUTDOOR BAR SECTION

In this academic year, Future City Studio provides me with a great platform to engage my interest in this theme. Criticising and challenge the contemporary neoliberal regeneration and taking a position to discover individual social agendas and identify an architectural programme is the main theme of Future City Studio. I want my graduation project becomes a ‘scenery’ that has a deep argument and consideration with the broad context.

VENUE SPACE N

r e c yc l e b

During the 2018’s summer, I participate in a workshop which was organised with two Chinese PhDs who received their degree in the UK. Their doctoral dissertations are all about the relationship between architecture and social problems in China. I was educated and learnt from them to view architecture from an alternative perspective- political and social.

In ‘Staging’, Ignited by the furniture waste research and other social agendas I realised, the project then phases into developing a unique concept about upcycling and recycling. Looking back, I realised how the initial research result can trigger architecture programme and how far it can develop. The final research and analytical process were successfully presented by the mapping techniques which I developed during the first semester; however, the drawings have been criticised for the lack of highlighting the key ideas in the diagram and drawings. I tried to refine them and have a theme for each my mapping drawing in the future, and in the portfolio, highlighting the key ideas in the caption, making the drawing more logical and communicate my ideas clearly.

Manu fac tur ers

There is a sentence in a Chinese poem by Zedong Mao, “风物长宜放眼量”, which represents my understanding about architecture. My understanding of the phrase is that the scenery is unlimited, needs your broad mind to measure. As being an overseas student, before came to the UK, I was a typical Chinese student who received traditional exam-oriented education. In these three years, I have been trying to pursue and generate my architectural approach, it requires certain self-study and research skills, rather different from the education I received before.

Residential Investments

Over 1,000 apartments completed since 2012, with 448 currently on site and over 2,570 more with or seeking planning approval. In addition, 350 student bedrooms built, 150 on site and over 400 proposed. The site is being transformed into new developments primarily aimed contemporary ‘lifestyle’ residential uses.

Interior Interaction The furniture and objects for new tenants are usually bought from general stores, such as IKEA. Baltic Triangle which is titled as a creative area and owns a lot factories, could build its own brand.

Recycle/ Reuse In HWRC (Household Wasted Recycle Centre)’s Report about Merseyside residual waste composition in 2016, the high proportion of furniture in the residual stream at 45.3% (approx. 21,000 tonnes). which is one fifth of food waste.

Bespoke service throughout the UK

Furniture Waste Generated by one resident in Lvierpool

= 47kg ≈ A Set of Sofa

m te rt ta pa es A te to va d in pri e by turn ed , hs ers rc lop Pu eve d

Online Trading Place

Facebook Marketplace, which lets people buy and sell things like furniture, cars and clothes on the platform, is used in 70 countries by 800 million people around the world each month.

Hugh Miller Furniture

, ce gle pa an ls Tri ca ic eri m alt m by B co ed e in ive nt iv at se at Cre epre Cre R altic B

Through this process, my project sediments and gets more concrete to refine in the next step. Such a process depth was the first time I tried in my design experience, and I was satisfied with the methods- it brought my project in deeper thought, but also the drawing technique is also developing.

售卖空间 7:00-11:00

All of their pieces are designed and made in the Baltic Triangle. They use British timbers, Japanese bamboo, brass and full-grain leather for gallery-standard contemporary furniture. The furniture they designed combined Japanese construction skills.

Car wash/Repair Upcycle

all

gin

Ori

Some old warehouses are used as local light industrial uses, such as car repair workshops. Discarded materials, such as truck tarpaulins, car inner tubes and seat belts could be reused for building construction.

Recycle Collect place Recycle/Redesign place

re wa

Product Distributor

Baltic Triangle Social Agenda Mapping Pre-production

Pick phone call & Lorry collect

Examine disassemble

Unusable parts

Usable parts

Pricing

Storage

65% of customers still prefer to contact a business by phone.

受欢迎程度 Popularity

25 50

100

150

200m

mapping / strategy

C = Commericial H = Hotel L = Leisure R = Residential

Proposed Schemes Schemes on Site Completed Projects

%wt.

Commercial/ Creative Area: 0.357 km² Development Planned Valued: £600 million Apartments : over 2000 on site, more in development

Household Waste Recycling Centre (HWRC) Merseyside and Halton Waste Partnership (MHWP) The quantity of furniture disposed of in HWRCs in Merseyside and Halton has increased from approximately 9,000 tonnes in 2010 to over 21,000 tonnes in 2015/16. After accounting for housing growth, the quantity of furniture disposed of at HWRCs more than doubles from 14 kg/hh/yr in 2010 to 31 kg/hh/yr in 2015/16. This may reflect temporary impacts (e.g. the Ikea effect)

Leisure/ Music Green Area Baltic Triangle 3min Walking Radius Project Site Key Statistics

C/R

Vehicle Lane Vancent Site in use as Car Park

Density of material

MHWP 2015/16 MHWP 2010

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

te as W ed gg Ba

foo d) ne

s (i

nc lud

ing

ure

ce lla

Noise emission levels

Mis

dB Design prototypes

rnit

C/R

stc

ta Me

Production

Pla

pe r

Finding partners to produce new components from the old

100

Beer Timber & Building Supply

R R

Order extra materials C

C/R C/R

Sevenstore C/R

Barbecue restaurant

Colletive and Distributed Selling

Baltic New Vernacular Hotel Experience

STRATEGY

Baltic Creative

Production

Computer repair Closed

C/R

Post-production

Product photography (Online shooping)

C/R

Convenience store Busy

Closed

Real estate shop

Busy

The fruit store

Alcohol and tobacco outlets Closed

Urban management office

City managers start to work

Pickle shop Busy

Closed

Real estate shop

Butcher's shop Different pedlars every day.

Confectionery store Line up for food .

Baltic Dedicated Furniture Recycling Hub

Closed

Fish store Busy

Law firm Closed

The print shop Closed

Baked wheat cake shop

Line up for food.

Fish store Growded

Fish store Crowded

Drysaltery Start business

The fruit store Crowded

Crowded

Fish store Crowded

Barber’s Strat business

Lan Zhou Noodle

Sell fish in the front of kitchen.

Waling Practice Site Mapping

Vegetable shop

Mobile store Crowded

Pickle shop Opened at morning

Sell fish.

Hardware Store

Vegetable shop

(busy) line up for checking out.

早上 Morning

Hugh Miller Furniture

C/L

Market display, sell

Putting into residential space

Programme mapping, produced during TIP

Baltic Triangle Site Mapping and Strategy 3

Creative groups Local craft artists who come to learn the upcycling ideas and furniture crafting skills. The furniture communi ty designers will teach them.

From massing to detailing, every design decision was informed by the project’s function organisation and overall agenda. The functions I identified in my programme are associated with and defined by the furniture production process. The realisation and synthesis phase for me is to unpack my material and tectonic position, how I can, as an architect and a spatial practitioner in using critical and visual techniques and methods to realise these ideas. The technology module allows me to integrate the theoretical ideas of recycling and sustainability into the technical responses in more details. In modern architecture, sustainability has always been a cost-adding factor. Up-cycling and using sustainable material might be cost-neutral and adds value to the project from day one. This technology report allows me to research, reflect and generate a more comprehensive proposal to minimise the carbon emission and realise the sustainable concept. Through Thinking Through Making Week, I tried to explore and understand my theoretical concept on a relatively small scale, the model I made also incorporate with the upcycling ideas, and explore for my dissertation research about Metabolism movement. Additionally, the professional study makes me as an architect in the future to be aware of the regulation and procedures involved in translating design concepts into buildings, integrating plans into overall planning.

With theoretical developments, the project has also tried to evaluate the role architecture plays in ideas of social-economic transformation within the city. The project and studio theme also have taught me that political and social factors are equally, if not more, important as an artistic, aesthetic and technical pursuit. Through countless refinements, sketches and feedback from the tutors, the project’s architectural qualities have been generated and refined to fulfil the programme requirements. Furthermore, the programme summary also develops into a more comprehensive mapping with the context. The final axonometric drawing shows how different parts of the community engage with specific design decisions.

Upcycling lifestyle

Upcycled flower basket

Post-production

Citizen participating

Workshop teaching space

Short-term tenants / students Ben who lives in Baltic Triangle. he can come to the market, participate and shopping the upcycled furnitures. In order to Reduce the furniture waste, Ben who is leaving Baltic Triangle will contact the community to collect the unwanted items, donating those household goods to the community.

As David Harvey mentioned, projecting new urban and regional futures must derive less from a utopia of form and more from a utopia of the process- how things work, interact and inter-relate in space and time. The beauty of the future city studio is the same. I applicate both studio tutors, Kieran Connally and Luke Rigg’s concrete academic advise and thoughtful architectural suggestions. Producing buildings with dominant agendas generate connectedness, political awareness and civic responsibility. My project also responds to nowadays sustainable developments. With a project generated a place in which social and political understandings are negotiated, I think I will continue my study and career on criticising and identifying how practice produces architecture for merchandising but also promote specific agendas.

Physical market sell

Residential

Revamp Design&producing

Design studio

Community Office 1. contacting with different agencies or residents for unwanted household goods (up-cycling components) 2. connecting with commercial and creative industries in Baltic Triangle, seeking collective sell distribution.

Pre-production production

Commerical / Creative

Lorry collection The community will serve for the Baltic Triangle neighbourhood, picking up unwanted items, thencheck the upcycle possibilities, put into production.

Immediate context

Beer Timber Building Supply

Sevenstore

Collecive creation and sell distribution

Baltic creative King’s dock mill hotel

Elevator studios

Recycling opportunity point

Community Response

Hugh Miller Furniture

Jamaica street car wash

TTMW Model

Construction Exploded Diagram Cain’s brewery village

RECYCIING/ CONNECTING/ participating

Programme Summary after Staging

Programme Symmary after Synthesis

100

150

200m

Charrette SURFACES AND SILHOUETTES

At the beginning of the third year, taking part in charrette was a great way to get back in the architecture, sharing ideas with peers across all years was fun and enjoyable. The charrette group I chose was Surfaces and Silhouettes. The group was led by an associate lecturer from fine art school. We tend to make large scale charcoal drawings, trying to explore the shop fronts - their material fabric, embedded history and structure of the main high streets in Newcastle City Centre.

Installation

Rubbering of different surface textures

Final exhibition

Drawing collection

Key architectural details/forms

This workshop will use the work of two artists Max Ernst and Sari Dienes as a starting point. In 1925s surrealist artist, Max Ernstâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s started making his Frottage works, developed from the technique of taking a rubbing from an uneven surface to form the basis of a work of art. The drawings were then collected and installed for the final exhibition, with specific projector light, the atmosphere created was trying to remind the viewers about the history and key architectural details/forms.

Atmosphere for viewers 8

PRIME The prime stage is mainly for two elements; one is the cultivation of a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;design practiceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; that embodies my values as a designer and start to refine as the year goes on. The other one is through an exemplar study. By looking at Star and Shadow Cinema, the initial points of research were to understand how it functions as a community and its impacts on broader society. The method I exploded was mapping. And then switch to the site- Baltic Triangle, exploring the social agenda that I want to explore in further work. By portraying these social actorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; physical appearance and the spaces in which they dwell, I have an initial position towards the project site and became more critical and sensitive about some political and social phenomena associated with architecture.

star and shadow cinema A PLACE FOR COMMUNITY :VOLUNTEER-RUN SPACE

Plan and section 1:100

Sectors: Work, Play, Perform Architectural style: ‘Recycling’ Location: Warwick Street, Ouseburn, Newcastle Architects: MawsonKerr Architects

Located in Newcastle, Star and Shadow Cinema is a volunteer-run space which runs an independent theatre and also providing a venue for artists and musicians.

An impression of star and shadow cinema

The organisation is run entirely by volunteers with decisions made democratically. This exciting community led scheme includes a Cinema, Venue Space, Café, Community Spaces, Artist Studios and Workshops which are all to be built by the volunteers who have many different skills and expertise– a truly immense DIY project.

Mapping: Preceding The Territory Representing the ‘Invisible’ Community VENUE SPACE N

OUTDOOR BAR SECTION

B D M N O P VOLUNTEER TRAINNING ROOM

R S T V

r e c yc l e b

Venue space

TOURIST/CUSTOMER

th ing st og et the m

M MARKET NON-VOLUNTEER RENTER ba ck to ma rke

CINEMA VOLUNTEER

t or

use the m

for the ci

PUBLIC ACCESSIBLE nem

TICKET REQUESTED/RENTAL

R REPAIR ROOM

BOOKING IN ADVANCE

PROHIBITED

Theatre

Isometric drawing 1:100

“The interrelationships amongst things in space, as well as the effects that are produced through such dynamic interactions, are becoming of greater significance for intervening in urban landscapes than the solely compositional arrangement of objects and surfaces.”

I focus on the relationship between different spaces and people types. Regarding my community scenario study, it is essential to explore the social network, because the community is consist of people, space and there is even a small society running behind it. With exploring different exploded drawings, axonometric and isometric, I try to deconstruct and map the building and make it more concentrated on the key spaces, uncovering and representing how the cinema runs, how three types of people have their access to different spaces in the cinema, the connection between them and how this place works as a community - this is a dialogic approach, critical and active spectatorship: watching, thinking and talking, collectively, bond people together, as opposed to buying your ticket, sitting or standing in the dark and then heading home.

– James Corner (1999)

Mapping: Preceding The Territory Representing the Process

Satellite Internet connects Event organize applica tions and volunteer recruitment are mainly from the Internet first.

How to organize an event? 1. Become a volunteer of Star& Shadow, you need trainning before you become a formal member. 2. If you want to JUST put your event on, you need to pay.

STAGE S

d sse scu dis

P PROJECTION ROOM

th wi

B BAR

l va

ua bl ee ve nt

How to find events at Star&Shadow cinema?

re nt er s

ri b

n ed

1. Go to facebook, search Star& Shadow cinema 2. Look for events, click interested if you want to go 3. Your friends on facebook can see you are interested and potentially go together with you.

T THEATRE

ut o rs

Outdoor seats

O BOX OFFICE nav igat e the

prog ramm ing ca le

ndar, a ddling events

d d an n fi o ed t train

lm h fi t i w iate t o neg

di s

V VOLUNTEER TRAINING ROOM

D FILM DIALOGUE ROOM

Self-created ceramic tile wall

Axonometric drawing 1:100 Through research the different room functions in the community, I tried to summarise and illustrate the procedure of organizing an event. Therefore, the context zooms out into a broader and more â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;invisibleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; network. This kind of community sense and natural space experience embodies the ethos of the community. The material/texture used reflected the DIY and volunteer-run nature of the building.

SOCIAL ACTORS IN BALTIC TRIANGLE A CONSIDERATED PORTRAIT OF BLATIC TRIANGLE CONTEXT

The Baltic Triangle is a diverse and creative area in Liverpool, populated with buildings, warehouses and infrastructures associated with city’s once thriving docks. While, the buildings at the site are mostly going through the transforming from derelict warehouse to creative spaces and consequently, purchased by private estate developers, became apartments to make the most profit of them. Based on some interviews and on-site investigation, the celebration piece is trying to portrait the spaces and people that shows the Baltic Triangle’s identity, demonstrating the initial social agenda that the Baltic Triangle ’s identity is being erased by generic apartment development. The next serval pages try to portray these social actors’ physical appearance,the spaces in which they dwell and personal summary through interviews.

Axonometric drawing highlighting fashion store sevenstore, Jamaica street car wash and elevator studio

The First Phase Warehouse Light Industry

Car wash worker Sam Sam is a car washer at Jamaica street car wash. On his way to grab his lunch at Jamaica street snack shop. He usually takes 40 minutes bus from home to work. As a local scouser, he quite enjoys working at Baltic Triangle. Because both communal areas and workspaces pay respect to their former lives with wooden beams, pulleys, chains and exposed brickwork.

Jamaica street car wash external look

Jamaica street car wash vector line perspective drawing

The Second Phase Creative/ Commerical Business

Fashion store manager Ben Benâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s family is in Manchester, but he is living at Baltic Triangle, as he is working here. Good day for sales today so he is in a good mood and also enjoyed coffee and a bacon butty at the Baltic bake house on my lunch. Going to have some video editing lessons at Baltic Triangle, Because he needs to help on some commercial videos for the shop as a manager.

Sevenstore collaboration video exhibition - Baltic Youth

Sevenstore basement store vector line perspective drawing

The Second Phase Creative/ Commerical Business

Artist studio working space vector line perspective drawing

Private developer/ landholder Tim Tim is the landlord of Elevator Studio, which provides 35 standard-sized offices and 18 fullfloorÂ studioÂ to work and play in. The size varies from 200 to 3000 sq. He has his own office in town and occasionally come to the studios to have a chat with his clients and sometimes organise and collaborate with his tenants to contribute for the community.

Studio artists Olivia& Fiona They have their own studios in Baltic Triangle, because they are start-up individual artists, they canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t afford the rent in neither Baltic Creative or Elevator Studio. But the ladies really appreciate the contributions that they contribute to the area. Baltic creative- rented creativestudios

Typical Baltic creative studio

transformation PRIME REFLECTION

Star and Shadow Cinema was quite innovative and sociable space. From urban and social perspectives, the space is quite flexible and dynamic to accommodate different events. I learned that efficient urbanization models would be capable of phasing and shifting scale or program flexibly to navigate rapidly modifying financial situations in dense, growing urban context.2 Spatially and materially, the design reflects the ethos of the community space â&#x20AC;&#x201C; collectivity and welcoming. The cinema is welcoming for everyone to build or use it. The architecture language interacts with the activities and takes care of them. Through the exmplar study, I started to enjoy the analysis process and research on architecture in wider context, also I start to refine my mapping techniques- trying to explain my research and analytical process by large- scale images. Through portraying these social actorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; physical appearance and the spaces in which they dwell, my celebration piece in the exhibition was trying to give people a more intuitive feeling of the site and the social agenda. The social agenda that I want to demonstrate through my celebration piece is the transformation of the space from warehouses to creative spaces and finally become privately financed apartment developments. The market-led, privately financed schemes are currently shaping Liverpool, but it contradicts with the local creative industries. There are two main groups to tackle if there is a new building in Baltic Triangle. One is the investors, providing them with predictable results and decrease their aversion to risk; the model will be flexible for different programs. One is for local municipalities, meets their needs. I will situate my project in the context of private developments encroaching upon the site in Liverpool. I situate my architectural response to reconcile their relationship. I must consider what my program will change and transform the site and wider context.

Celebration piece in prime show

Mapping development process

The struggle for designers and planners, lies not with spatial form and aesthetic appearances alone (the city as a thing) but with the advancement of more liberating processes and interactions in time (urbanization). - David Harvey (1996)

sTAGING baltic triangle, liverpool

Through exploring and developing the main social agenda that I focus during prime, I became concerned with some key spaces which represent three different types of spaces in Baltic Triangle, generally, historical warehouses, creative commercial spaces and apartment buildings. I tried to analysis and research the statistics behind these buildings. I used these research results to generate my architectural response whose objective is to reconcile the relationship between the creative industry and the apartment developments.

Programme summary

limited hotel rooms for actual household goods experience

FURNITURE studio and the warehouse

the office and the product photography studio

â&#x20AC;&#x153;car bootâ&#x20AC;? sale area with upcycled househould goods

Welcoming front cafe with second-hand bookstore

The things in red lines are recycled. The researches that support the programme composition will be unfolded in the next serval pages. 30

PROGRAMME IDENTIFICATION

I have been considering how my project can respond to society economically.

THE SPACE TRANSFORMATION

Tests on commercial mixed-use blocks have generated a substantial amount of profit which allows space for a community uses to be located within, preserving the local community of the area rather than creating one single functional block.

profit

This research inspires me that I could have multi-function building, one is for the community for the Baltic Triangle neighbourhood, one is for the business. DEFICIT

e at st e e to at n iv d i pr ne by tur ed rs, hs e rc lop ent Pu ve tm de par A

Office, Retail & Community Faclity Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

Rental Term 15 years

, ce le pa ng ia ls Tr ica er tic m y Bal om b in e c ted ve tiv en ti ea es rea Cr pr c C Re alti B C

Independent Business

Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

Profit/ Deficit

£780 £1.55m £0.62m £0.94m

Profit/ Deficit £1.55m

Food& Ber., Leisure & Community Faclity Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

Rental Term 15 years

Food& Berverage

£0 £0.60m £0.24m £0

Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

£200 £0.57m £0.23m £0.16m

Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

-£0.86m Rental Term 5 years 10 years 15 years

Student Acc., Hotel Independent Business £890 £2.58m £1.03m £1.07m

Profit/ Deficit £0.59m

Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Sales Value (GBP/sqm) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

Rental Term 15 years

Retail

£350 £0.60m £0.24m £0.28m

Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

£250 £0.50m £0.24m £0.20m

Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

Profit/ Deficit -£0.30m £0.26m £0.82m

Rental Term 5 years 10 years 15 years

£300 £3,700 £2.58m £1.03m £1.07m

Profit/ Deficit £0.59m

Student Accommodation

£200 £0.40m £0.16m £0.16m

Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

£0 £0.58m £0.23m £0

Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

Profit/ Deficit £0.37m £1.3m £2.23m

Rental Term 5 years 10 years 15 years

£300 £0.57m £0.23m £0.24m

Profit/ Deficit -£0.34m £0.14m £0.62m

Or ly al

Office

d ol

Rental Value ( GBP/sqm/year) Total Built Cost Contingencies, Fees, Lnad. Min. Developer Profit (20%)

us ho

wa es Major residential regeneration investments are now emerging due to its high profile location, close proximity to the city centre, distinctive rich heritage and historic character. 31

Rental Term 5 years 10 years 15 years

Profit/ Deficit -£0.48m -£0.16m £0.16m

Leisure& music

Rental Term 5 years 10 years 15 years

Community Facility

Profit/ Deficit Profit/ Deficit -£0.46m -£0.06m £0.34m

Hotel

-£0.84m Profit/ Deficit

£3700 £0.66m £0.26m £0.30m

£0.26m

Social Agenda Online Trading Market

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We live in a world where there is more and more information, and less and less meaningâ&#x20AC;? - Jean Baudrillard (1994)

To create an appropriate business and community mode for my program, I had been aware of the fact that physical stores are declining due to the popularity of the online trading market nowadays. But there are also serval demerits about online markets. This collage is trying to demonstrate the idea - people may not have any interactions or identity relationships with the products they buy. The product is simply a product- the trading might be an impulse purchase or a fast-fashion product that people were following the trend. So I tend to generate the product or results of my programme could radiate an idea that encourages people to have an attitude or vision that they can identify with that makes them an individual. Bring back the true creation and originality and pause the homogeneity.

Situation

Social agenda Recycle Opportunities

RECYCLE opportunities / social agenda New Tenants in Baltic Triangle

The Circular Economy Brands’ Distributor Resource Facility

Recycled Material

ct f

D esig n

or a Ci

rc u la r E co n

This axonometric mapping drawing tried to explore and unfold the social agendas that I noticed in the Baltic Triangle context. The first theme of this drawing is about the problems associated with private development investments. I picked up four key spaces having a special, unique relationship with the territory of the Baltic Triangle. Through demonstrating the influence by the transformation of the site, I notice there are some more unnoticeable while surprising statistic – furniture generated by one resident in Liverpool is around 47kg almost a set of sofa.

Key Statistics of Social Agenda

tor

uenc

Inv e s

ConsumerPro

ngevity Lo

Product

e rvic Se

Bran d

duct fo r Pro

“Baltic Youth”?

Infl

Manu fac tur ers

Product for

r ake yM lic nufacture Ma in se

r Resource Mana Expe ge ial r e at Product fo M Po rR e-u

Factory

Brand

The store acts like a collectors of brands then distribute them to specific individuals, who has their unique taste. While the products barely has connection with Baltic Triangle.

Residential Investments

Bespoke service throughout the UK

Recycle/ Reuse

Therefore, I want my architectural response to deal with this waste. Additionally, the second theme is to disclose the potential recycling opportunities on the site. As articulated in nowadays sustainable developments, upcycling, degrowth and circular economy are providing tremendous opportunities for future developments. By deconstructing and drawing axonometric drawings of the typical spaces on the site, this might inform my design material and tectonic ideas, besides, how my programme responds to the neighbourhood, its impacts on the broader context.

In HWRC (Household Wasted Recycle Centre)’s Report about Merseyside residual waste composition in 2016, the high proportion of furniture in the residual stream at 45.3% (approx. 21,000 tonnes). which is one fifth of food waste.

Furniture Waste Generated by one resident in Lvierpool de

m te rt ta pa es A te nto iva d i pr ne by tur ed s, hs er rc lop Pu ve

= 47kg ≈ A Set of Sofa Online Trading Place

Facebook Marketplace, which lets people buy and sell things like furniture, cars and clothes on the platform, is used in 70 countries by 800 million people around the world each month.

Hugh Miller Furniture

, ce le pa ng ia ls Tr ica ic er m y Balt om b in e c ted ve tiv en ti ea es ea Cr epr c Cr R alti B

Car wash/Repair Upcycle

Recycle Collect place Recycle/Redesign place

ol wa

Product Distributor

ho re

Situation “In addition to geometrical and spatial plotting, taxonomic and genealogical procedures of relating, indexing and naming can often be extremely productive in revealing latent structures.” – James Corner (1999) 35

25 50

100

150

200m C = Commericial H = Hotel L = Leisure R = Residential

Site Analysis

Proposed Schemes

Mapping

Schemes on Site Completed Projects Commercial/ Creative Area: 0.357 kmÂ˛ Development Planned Valued: ÂŁ600 million Apartments : over 2000 on site, more in development

Leisure/ Music Green Area Baltic Triangle 3min Walking Radius Project Site Key Statistics

C/R

Vehicle Lane Vancent Site in use as Car Park

H R

This mapping demonstrates Balticâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s social agendas from a plan map perspective; in which I highlighted the typologies which relates to my proposal. The arrows are trying to show the statistics that influence the site - the transformation into new private developments. The map is both spatial and statistical, investigating a range of social and economic conditions.

C/R

R R H

Beer Timber & Building Supply

R R

Hugh Miller Furniture

C/R C/R

Sevenstore C/R

R R H

Baltic Creative

C/R

Immediate context - the site

R C/L

R C

Context R

mapping / strategy %wt.

Programme Strategy

MHWP 2015/16 MHWP 2010

50% 40%

“The effect is a fluid urbanity hard to express through static models or identities. Increasingly, the city’s only definable form, its only clear identity, can be found in the manner in which its changes evolve.”

30% 20% 10%

- Raoul Bunschoten and others (2001) W as te ed

foo lud ing inc s(

sce

lla ne

Ba gg

d W oo

ure rni t Fu

ta l Me

Pla stc

Pa pe r

“projecting new urban and regional futures must derive less from a utopia of form and more from a utopia of process- how things work, interact and inter-relate in space and time.” (Harvey 1996)

Baltic Dedicated Furniture Recycling Hub

Colletive and Distributed Selling

Baltic New Vernacular Hotel Experience

The mixed-function program takes different roles in the neighbourhood; firstly, the place will be a recycling furniture hub for all the residential buildings in the Baltic Triangle. Secondly, incorporating with other creative stores and studio, the local creative business will be bumped with the furniture industry. Collective selling will help to build the Baltic Triangle’s identity. Thirdly, the residential parts in my design will provide space for the actual experience of the furniture. The guestrooms will be packed with the products manufactured or sold downstairs, providing an alternative living experience for both tourists and local residents.

Stragegy STRATEGY

STRATEGY

PARTI DIAGRAM

peak hours N

HUGH MILLER FURNITURE choosen site

shop 0

work3

NEW DEVELOPMENT

E E R

office

C AI

SEVENSTORE

After researching several possible sites, I choose my site in the middle of Baltic Triangle, the immediate site was an original car park, it is right next to the Hugh Miller furniture studio and close to other creative studios, will increase the creative communication. Also adjacent to the lots of newly developed apartment buildings.

weekdays weekends 41

The timeline delineates the 24/7 nature of my program. The ordinate follows the initial thinking about the floor distribution so that the pattern interactions can make me aware of the influences between different spaces; the architectural design needs to take care of them, this means the specific spatial and material design would be applied. 42

Material Programme Model

Fig4. F awesome skatboard store installing a police car on the ceiling, demonstrating an idea of riot

Fig5. Carboot Sale

Fig1. Freitag Bags: Crafted in Zurich, Switzerland from material made out of truck tarps

As I start to unpack my material/ tectonic position, I have been looking at temporary upcycle examples, buildings and events that have strong, sustainable agendas. The Freitag bags reuse truck tarps, reuse in such a way as to create a product of a higher quality or value than the original. The peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pavilion uses recycled materials, and the wood frame structure reduces the carbon emission and construction time. The car boot sale idea is going to translate into my project- people can donate or sell unwanted items, advancing the recycling idea.

Fig2,3. Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pavilion designed by Overtreders W, using only borrowed or recycled materials 43

Field trip / fIELD TRIP CASE STUDY

Fig6. The Bluecoat, Liverpool

Liverpool City Walk Case Study Tour

Bluecoat new extension South elevation

Bluecoat interior detail - junction between old and new

Granby Street

From the top: Liverpool urban fabric, Museum of Liverpool, Baltic Triangle impression

Bluecoat garden view towards the new extension - zinc, brick elevation finish

Everyman Theatre, back elevation Zinc extended window- Temporary reference to the old bay window

The three case studies are all in Liverpool, respectively are Granby Street, Everyman Theatre and the Bluecoat.

The first stop of the week-long field trip was our site, Baltic Triangle, Liverpool. We were looking at the heritage of the original site, how the temporary design incorporates with the old town fabric. On our walk, we had a general sense of the character of the city, its history and areas of future development.

Firstly, the project is a community-led regeneration in Granby Street- it aims to bring the derelict and unactive neighbourhood back to life. The winter garden intended to nurture creative practice in the area. Secondly, the bluecoat gallery is a new extension built for performing art. The material and tectonic strategies resonate with the old Queen Anne style architectural language. Lastly but not least, the Everyman Theatre was also trying to explore the potential connection between old and new. the building was built with old nad new bricks, but also what interested me was the back street bay windows, the zinc material fits in well with the brick facade and refer to the nearby old traditional bay windows.

Turin Walking Tour

Toolbox coworking space

Carlo Mollino’s Teatro Regio

From the top: Church of Holy face, Parco Dora and Piazza San Carlo

Renzo Piano’s restoration of the former Fiat factory, Lingotto

Lavazza headquarter interior detai

Castello di Rivoli Museum

In Turin, we firstly visited the area around Milan Barrier, the area of formerly derelict warehouses that has seen a community-led regeneration including artists’ studios and small businesses. Toolbox is a popular and well-developed coworking space in Milan Barrier area. The owners and designers thoughtfully use recycled, and upcycled materials for different areas not only to make the space exciting and practical but also to keep the budget relatively low. Therefore community sense in the building is rather strong. During the second half of the field trip, we visited Turin, a city with comparable qualities to Liverpool in terms of its regional and national significance- post-industrial urban landscape.

Besides, we visited Carlo Mollino’s Teatro Regio, Renzo Piano’s Fiat factory, Lavazza headquarter and Castello di Rivoli Museum. Visiting these buildings helped me to understand how the building can respond to the community in a vernacular but also innovative way. Due to some buildings we visited are abandoned, the debate about whether a building should be designed from a professional perspective (architects) or tourists’ view (ordinary public) was impressive.

Case Study Bluecoat Concept and Design Development

1. Re-development

2. Two main entrances

Bay windows on the south elevation

3. Bay windows The case study emphasizes on the new extension part of the historic Bluecoat Chambers. The key idea of the whole re-development is where old meets the new. The architects realise there should be two main entrance to the new gallery, in order to to echo the old Georgian style, the architect brings the the old english motifs like- the bay window to the elevation of the new extension.

Case Study Bluecoat Concept and Design Development

Aluminium frames and brick wall

4. Aluminium frames

5. Concrete structure

Interior look, concrete structure with painted bricks

6. Bricks cladding

In the same way, the elements of new architectural detail, such as a modern aluminium frames, can be seen in the old building. This approach, where the old picks up the new, is continued in the interior design, the interior bricks are painted white, not only to match with the concrete structure but also to celebrate and highlight the original features.

Case Study Bluecoat Structural Strategy

Copper roof cladding

Bronze anoised aluminum window frame Fabricated steel truss

Bonded brickwork

in situ cast concrete structure, interior looking

Wet plaster finish Bronze anoised aluminum window frame

In situ cast concrete

Fermacell lining Bonded brickwork

Bonded brickwork

Bronze anoised aluminum window frame

Wet plaster finish Copper cladding Polished natural stone wall

ventilation grilles

load bearing brick wall, exterior looking

Bronze anoised aluminum door

Structure exploed axonometric drawing

The main structure is reinforced concrete. finished with wet plaster interiorly, filled with some Fermacell lining. The bricks are bonded next the the concrete columns, also service as a load bearing wall. The concrete structure is also cladded with cooper at the roof part. All the window and door frames are attached to the bricks.

Case Study Bluecoat Structural Strategy

Secret gutter

Bonded Brickwork

Bronze anoised aluminum window frame

Bonded Brickwork painted

Enclosed concrete

In situ cast concrete structure, interior looking

In situ cast concrete

Steel beam in reinforced concrete

Load bearing brick wall, exterior looking Detail section

The detail sections show the connection between concrete column and the bricks, here you can see two rows of bricks are attached to the each long facade of concrete columns. while as the short facades of concrete columns are also attached with one row of bricks.

REALISATION / SYNTHESIS As my programmeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s theoretical ideas and social agendas to tackle with sediments, I start to unpack my material and tectonic position, how I can, as an architect and a spatial practitioner in using critical and visual techniques and methods to realise these ideas. Through Thinking Through Making Week, I tried to explore and realize my theoretical idea on a relatively small scale. Through Theory Into Practice, I refine and deliberate the different space qualities and atmosphere that I need to provide for various functions/ and the spatial arrangement. At the same time, based on the mappings and site analysis I did before, the project is mainly for me to explore the architectureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s impacts on social concerns and the broader context. Through countless refinements, sketches and feedback from the tutors, the project is emerging.

THINKING THROUGH MAKING RECYCLED FURNITURE COMPONENT DISPLAY Architecture Theories Practical function

Model making process

Fig7. Degrowth/ Upcycling An economic strategy that calls for a reduction of both production and consumption. The idea is to source an item which has an upcycling value then study their propagation into programmatic units.

Design sketches

Fig8. Group form Conventional architectural design methodologies and Megastructure traditionally operate in a top-bottom sequence, moving from the development of a large, general intervention into the detailing of its smaller composing elements. In contrast, group form will develop a reversed, bottom-up approach by firstly developing small-scale functional components, then studying their propagation into programmatic units, and finally deploying these units as complex built assemblages.

Thinking through making week asked me to produce an explorative model that embodies the material and tectonic qualities of my emerging design project. As my project centres upon up-cycling, re-use and degrowth, I want the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s material and tectonic strategies to embody these theoretical ideas. Through research about the 2019 Oslo Architecture Triennale and my dissertation about Metabolism architecture theory- Group form, I try to realize their concept into a model which suits my market design. It was difficult for me in school to embrace the upcycling ideas totally- finding the upcycled materials first then design. So I was wondering how my model can demonstrate my theoretical idea. I went to some furniture fairs and exhibition, realized that they try to prompt the back story of the furniture. My furniture market is about upcycling furniture, the modelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s function would be great if it can remind the public of the upcycled components. The model is on a relatively small scale; it serves as a tool rack for the furniture design studio, while also it can be in a bigger size for the furniture component display or even furniture display. The adaptation and concept resonate with the degrowth and group form concepts. 61

In-site research- Local furniture fair

Milan Furniture exhibition 62

Final Model frame to hold bottom beam M4 Bolt 20mm

top structure holding the top beam

support plate

spin columns gears for connecting spin

hexagonal square column

bottom plate to hold gear

bottom support systems

bottom structure providing support

Model in exhibition- some small tools put in the boxes

section with central panel in

altered component box elevation

axonometric with central panel off for larger components

Pre-production

Pick phone call & Lorry collect

theory into practive

Examine disassemble

Unusable parts

Usable parts

Pricing

Storage

65% of customers still prefer to contact a business by phone.

PROGRAMME MAPPING

Density of material

Finding partners to produce new components from the old

Production

Noise emission levels

dB Design prototypes

100 90 80

Fig9. Pivot Irrigators 1 by James Corner James was effectively and implicitly mapping parts of America, overlaying photography. The cropping and reframing efficiently de-territorializes the map and its indicant. The fragments of photos of some associated maps (in which the underground aquifer maps were allied with irrigation landscapes) also provide insight and possibility to the viewers.

Fig10. Windmill Topography by James Corner The topology photo was cropped with an egg-like ellipse which is the shape of both a turbine gear and a wind. The line graphs about derived information (mountain rage, air temperature, air pressure and wind velocity charts) cooperate with the topographical section to opens reality up to delineate new and alternative possibilities.

Order extra materials

Production

Post-production

Product photography (Online shooping)

Market display, sell

Designers and urban planners tend to research and disclose the site’s existing conditions and information before the generation of a new project. Mapping is a typical method for the visualization and representation of information. My theory into Practice essay was trying to learn from James Corner’s Rhizomatic mapping and the citzen mapping techniques, exploring the deeper information and design possibility of my project. Different from traditional mapping techniques, rhizomatic mapping has more open-ended and indeterminate characteristics, alluding to different possibilities around the site. Combined with the methods that were used in both citizen mapping and James Corner’s drawing, I produced the mapping of the furniture production process for my project. The timeline of the furniture production is the intention of thematic communication in this map, categorized into pre-production, production and post-production. After identifying these steps, through “drifting” information; the drawing tried to open to a collection of various and heterogeneous information and statistics for every step of the process of furniture production. For instance, the percentage of customers preference is represented for the phone service process. The noise emission levels are combined with the working place section, which is represented by the typical objects in the place. The perspective line drawing tends to depict the scenarios happening in the space during the process. Together, the composite of devised representation skills generates an ideographic illustration that delineates the realm of the furniture production process.

Fig11. Citizen mapping a series of “drifts” that, starting from the details extracted from the sequences, open to a collection of heterogeneous material ( statistic data, iconographic collections, plans and sections, scenarios…)

Putting into residential space

PROCESS WORK SPTIAL ORGANIZATION

Public

Privacy

Accommodation Workshop

Market

Office Studio

Cafe

Initial space organization parti axonometric drawing

Development sketches

Ground floor development

First floor development

Autonomous Since the furniture workshop is a light-industrial space, besides, in order not to make public interrupt the working process, so the separation between them are necessary.

Second floor development

Elevation design sketches

Roof design sketches

Whole At the same time, I want the tourists can see the process of furniture making while they are shopping. Because the furniture production process contributes to define the functions of different units in this complex.

Sketch collection 71

4. Entrance Sperate the public entrance and users entrance.

1. Program

E RE

C AI

2. Context the main people flow is from the Jamaica Street. As I need a routine for lorry, so I am separating these two different transportation approaches towards my building.

5. Stepped Stepped markets let the space be transparent and highlight the existence of behaviour It is not for people to simply look at the furniture, but to see the behavior of other people at the same time when looking at the furniture-interaction with furniture or interaction with people.

Workshop Studio& Office Accommodation Market Cafe 3. Function The studio and workshop are placed on the northern part of the site which has more natural and continental sunlight while the southern part is mainly for public use, the market, cafĂŠ and accommodation on the top of them. 73

6. Circulation The circulation is also based on these two different spaces, the central stairs tend to provide people a stepped shopping experience, and also a people could see things made. Additionally, two sets of fire stairs and lift are positioned at both sides as well. 74

The building is in the middle of Baltic Triangle; there was an original car park, it is right next to the Hugh Miller furniture studio and close to other creative studios, will increase the creative communication. Also adjacent to the lots of newly developed apartment buildings.

Final Plans Ground floor plan 1:150

1:150

shutter door

LORRY PARK

STORAGE

WORKSHOP

Workshop

Cafe

RECEPTION

FOYER shutter door

STORAGE

MARKET

CAFE

shutter door

FOYER

East Foyer The material use is to respond the recycling and upcycling sustainable ideas and also the atmosphere needed for different functions. Workshop and storage space try to provide an industry atmosphere, whereas public spaceused books cafe and furniture market give a warmer tone, a welcoming feeling.

Final Plans First floor plan 1:150

1:150

BREAK ROOM

DESIGN STUDIO

PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIO

South section- the market

MARKET

OFFICE

MEETING ROOM

Furniture displayed in the market are mainly made in the workshop and embodied with the idea of recycling and upcycling. Therefore the specifically designed component display boxes try to prompt the backstories of the recycled or upcycled furniture by showing the original upcycled components.

Furniture market display

Final Plans Second floor plan 1:150

1:150

Second floor training space break and gallery area UP

GALLERY

TERRACE CUTTING ROOM

WORKSHOP TEACHING SPACE ACCOMMDATION

Workshop teaching space The second floor is mainly for community members who are interested in crafting upcycling furniture or other creative stuff. Space tries to provide more interaction between areas, and a view both horizontally and vertically towards the workshop space.

Final Plans Third floor plan 1:150

1:150

Roof terrace

Duplex- actual furniture experience The roof terrace is adjacent to the rental duplex. After the training class people can enjoy some social time and relax with the natural light and warm atmosphere at the roof terrace. The residents can also use the roof terrace as a small garden.

1-500 West Elevation

1-500 Ground Floor Plan

1:500 0

15m

30m

60m UP

CAFE

1-500 South Elevation

Creative groups Local craft artists who come to learn the upcycling ideas and furniture crafting skills. The furniture communi ty designers will teach them.

Upcycling lifestyle

Upcycled flower basket

Post-production

Citizen participating

Workshop teaching space

Physical market sell

Residential

Revamp Design&producing

Design studio

Pre-production production

Commerical / Creative

Lorry collection The community will serve for the Baltic Triangle neighbourhood, picking up unwanted items, thencheck the upcycle possibilities, put into production.

Immediate context

Beer Timber Building Supply

Sevenstore

Collecive creation and sell distribution

Baltic creative Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dock mill hotel

Elevator studios

Recycling opportunity point

Community Response

Hugh Miller Furniture

Jamaica street car wash

Cainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brewery village

RECYCIING/ CONNECTING/ participating

100

150

200m

communal upcycle market 88

While the workshop space is made out of concrete, as people approach from the north, the elevation will channel into a lighter and warmer atmosphere which is more suitable for market. 89

Communal upcycling market

Detail Technology Section

Parapet • 2mm Metal cap flashing • EPDM roof membrane • Timber blocking piece • 90mm thermal insulation • 87mm cross-laminated timber roof element • 15mm fire-resisting gypsum plasterboard • Damp-proof membrane • 2x 15mm fire-resisting gypsum plasterboard

Roof • Earth • Filter fabric • Perforated edge/ drainage trim • EPDM roof membrane • 90mm thermal Insulation • 87mm cross-laminated timber roof element • Damp-proof membrane • 2x 15mm fire-resisting gypsum plasterboard

Roof Window • Single-ply roofing membrane • Metal window flashing • 90mm thermal Insulation • 2x 15mm fire-resisting gypsum plasterboard • EPDM roof membrane • LED lighting • 87mm cross-laminated timber roof element • Damp-proof membrane • 240x 80mm galvanised steel roof truss • 1000x2400mm Modular window system

Acoustic timber wall panelling

Office

Feature window • Aluminium-framed double-galzed window with Agron gas, face brickwork reveal

Ground floor external roof and First floor • Self-levlling parquet • 30 mm levelling screed/ Perimeter upstand insulation/Floorbox • Damp-proof membrane • 87mm cross-laminated timber floor • 600/410 mm prefabricated soffit element: 210/100/60 mm brick slips cast in concrete, fixed with steel rods to 110 mm steel channel sections with 48/48 mm inserted wood bearers

Grating floor

External soffit External wall, ground floor • 200x400mm Glulam column • 2x 15mm fire-resisting gypsum plasterboard • 87mm cross-laminated timber wall • Damp-proof membrane • 90mm thermal insulation • 65mm Cavity wall • Steel windpost • Brick walling: 210/100/60 mm Pale grey waterstruck bricks in stack bond • 12mm cement board finishing

Storage/Warehouse

Ground floor • Self-levelling carpet • 30 mm levelling screed/ Perimeter upstand insulation • Polyethylene separating layer/VCL • 90mm thermal insulation • Damp-proof membrane • 600/600mm Concrete pile foundation

Workshop

Loose mix concrete

1:20 in A1

Construction Sequencing

1. Site preparation

2. Foundation works/ Servicing

3. Substructure and stair/ Lift core erects

4. Interior wall/ Cast-in-situ concrete wall

-Since the site is at a original car park, the existing walls need to be taken down, besides the pedestrian pavement needs to be removed. In order to reduce carbon dioxide emission in the construction process, part of the existing bricks are refurbished in the design.

- Due to proximity to the river, concrete pile foundation (600/600 mm) is chosen instead of raft foundation. At the same time service cables are distributed underground.

- The vertical core tower is constructed , providing vertical and horizontal load distribution and lateral stability.

- Ground floor interior wall built to support the first floor slab. - Concrete wall will be built and cast-in-situ.

- At the same time, timber post and beam are constructed to support the large span floors.

-Approximate 1m of top soil is removed for the concrete foundation. -3 metre single lane is left in between the existing building for the intended transportation.

5. CLT floor slab

6. Further substructure

7. Roof

-The vertical service towers brace the building against lateral forces as well as supporting the cantilevered concrete floor slabs.

- The brick column will brace the Glulam column at south and north elevations, to support the second floor and upper floors slab.

- The floor slabs are eccentrically supported and heavily post tensioned.

- After the first floor slab is placed, the substructure- second floor interior walls and beams continue to be built to support second floor slab.

- CLT wall plates are installed on each floor sequently after the floor is in- - Modular northlight roof system and doors are fitted. stalled. - Waterproofing layers and bricks cladding on specific elevations are ap- The CLT roof panel elements are added on the top. plied onto the superstructure.

8. Cladding/ Windows/ Waterproofing

Structure Strategy

Tertiary structure: CLT roof panels

Tertiary structure: Glulam columns,beams and posts, brick columns and CLT floors

Secondary structure: Glulam columns,beams and posts

Cast-in-situ concrete/ Glulam structure

Primary structure: Cast-in-situ concrete Stair/lift cores

Structural strategy- exploded diagram The material use is to respond the recycling and upcycling sustainable ideas and also the atmosphere needed for different functions. The site was originally a car park, there were some brick walls, so the bricks would be dismantled recycled to used as a cladding system for the glulam structure which contributes to the sustainability of the building. While the workshop space is made out of concrete, as people approach from the north, the elevation will channel into a lighter and warmer atmosphere which is more suitable for market. 96

illustrated cultural bibliography COOKING WITH CONCRETE

In this school organized workshop, led by Russ Coleman, we have been taught to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;cookâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; with concrete, likening the casting process to baking and opening up a range of possibilities for using concrete more innovatively. Different from the traditional concrete material palette, we focus on how concrete can be used more sustainably with the addition of recycled aggregates and agents- landfill, plastics and different colour pigments. This had opened up a new perspective for me on considering how the building material can be more sustainable and environmentally friendly, and also the actual production process is enjoyable and useful.

Cooked concrete- landfill plastics, cement and the white pigment

Cooked - Different colour recycled pigments generated dramatic effects

Mixing cement, water &the white pigment 98

Testing different pigments

Tai- Ji 99

illustrated cultural bibliography WALKING PRACTICE: BENDING-WALKING SPACE, CHINESE EVERYDAY LIFE AND THE CITY

Observation diary

Group photo

Citzens’ Strategy- Day time, the barber shop ‘closes’ the temporary shop

Citzens’ Strategy- turn plant facility into laundry rack

Site- Siping road market

Citzens’ Strategy- Morning temporary veggie store in orginal barber shop

Citzens’ Strategy- Illegal attic which is above the store for sleeping

18.00-19.00

开门 Open 关门 Close

During the summer in 2018, in Tongji University, I participated in a workshop which was organized by two Chinese doctors who received their PhD degree at Newcastle University and Edinburgh Univerisity- Xi Chen and Ziwen Sun.

开门 Open 11.30-12.30

The workshop was trying to approach the rhythm of daily life- by focusing on the nearby residents ( Space Users), the street vendors( Space Invaders) and the urban governors ( Space Proctors), to unclose the ‘invisible’ and diverse spatial using potential. The steps are first to choose one objective, secondly, follow and observe this person or group, thirdly, image yourself as the person, finally, analysis the relationship between the objective and the city or broader context. 7.00-8.00

关门 Close

开门 Open 关门 Close

Site situation- store opening time 100

101

In-site Research

储物空间 12:00-7:00+

售卖空间 7:00-11:00

受欢迎程度 Popularity

Convenience store Busy

Closed

Real estate shop

Busy

The fruit store

Alcohol and tobacco outlets Closed

Sell fish in the front of kitchen.

Lan Zhou Noodle

Barber’s Strat business

Fish store Crowded

Drysaltery Start business

Fish store Crowded

Confectionery store Line up for food .

Butcher's shop Different pedlars every day.

Closed

Real estate shop

Pickle shop Busy

City managers start to work

Urban management office

Computer repair Closed

Closed

Barbecue restaurant

Fish store Busy

Law firm Closed

The print shop Closed

Line up for food.

Baked wheat cake shop

Fish store Growded

The fruit store Crowded

Crowded

Vegetable shop

Mobile store Crowded

Pickle shop Opened at morning

Sell fish.

Madame went up to the attic to fetch things

Ramen is busy

Urban management law enforcement

At noon the peddler hung his clothes

In-site observation diary

Noon cleaning

Convenience store Lots of people

Real estate shop Open the door very late

The fruit store Fruit stores are more crowded than other stores

Alcohol and tobacco outlets Few customers

Real estate shop

Pickle shop Closed

Urban management office Work shifts at 12:00AM

Computer repair Few customers

Closed

Barbecue restaurant

Aquatic product store Long opening time

Law firm Just open the door

Just open the door

Butcher's shop Closed

Confectionery store The owner began the cleaning .

Aquatic product store Open only in the morning

Aquatic product store This store closed early

Drysaltery They cook in the shop at noon

The print shop Open the door at soon

Baked wheat cake shop Few people

Aquatic product store Rest at noon

The fruit store This shop has a single type and low price

Vegetable shop The whole family lives here and cooks in the shop at noon

Mobile booth Pulled up at noon Barber’s

Lanz Chow Noodle still has a lot of customers

Lan Chow Noodle

There are fewer old people having their hair cut at noon . Pickle shop Closed at noon

Hardware Store At noon, they ofen have a rest.

Vegetable shop

103 102

At noon, they do business but very few customers.

Through the empirical fieldwork ( series of drawings, sketch diary, interviews, mappings and modelling), we understood that the complex, temporary, and constantly changing transient space. The definition of space is usually not by the designers but by the users. This workshop has encouraged me to treat architecture not only architecturally but also in a wider context, socially and economically, and the close observation for the final users. This workshop also provides me certain interest for joining Future City studio.

Vegetable shop (busy) line up for checking out.

popularity

By documenting and closly observing, I learnt that, in contemporary Chinese cities, transient street vendors are a pervasive feature of numerous streets, frequently occupying space where many people regularly walk, temporarily leading to layout alteration in the use of public urban street space according to local everyday life.

Hardware Store

Certain area observation- day and night

早上 Morning

白天 Daytime

Final Presentation

Presentation

受欢迎程度 Popularity

Convenience Store Our colleague wants to chill with air conditioner inside.

Cigarette Store Kid is helping mother to close the sun shelter

Fish Store Vendor waiting for wife’s cooking

Law Office The boos stays in the office for the whole day

Barbecue Store Vendor’s younger sister come to make the plastic chimney Pancake Store The last pancake sold store closed

Road Vendor finished the day riding back to home

Dry goods Store Daughter brings a ladder to partents to come down for dinner

On the motorcycle City manager finished one-day work riding motorbike to home

Veg Store Vendor waiting for wife’s cooking

Barber Shop Some old people come to get hair cut after dinner

105 104

Ramen Store Kid romps around

Veg Store Aunt Lee come to help the young vendor

夜晚 Evening

Pedestrian road Siping road, an impression of Shanghai typical neighborhood

Architecture is deeply associated with social and political agendas. Recently, the street vendor economy, which is popular in China proves the value of this study.

Final exhibition

illustrated cultural bibliography MILAN FURNITURE FAIR

During the Easter break in 2019, I went to Milan Furniture Fair. It was my first time went to Milan and saw a lot of innovative and cutting-edge furniture designs. Apart from luxury designs from big design companies - such as Swarovski, Cleaf, Zaha Hadid and Bjarke Ingels Group, there are also some small practices promoting their products. This was an enjoyable experience for me to see and learn how they manipulate different materials and techniques, innovative and creative ideas but also the translation of concept in furniture design is also equally, if not more, important as architecture.

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bibliography

Illustrations

Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulation (USA: The University of Michigan, 1994)

Figure 1. available at: http://blog.publicbikes.com/2014/12/impecable-indestructible-individual-freitag-now-in-stores/

Bunschoten, Raoul and others, Urban Flotsam: Stirring the City. (Rotterdam: 010, 2001)

Figure 2. available at: https://www.arup.com/projects/peoples-pavilion

Cook, Perry, Drawings: The motive force of architecture, (United Kingdom: Wiley, John & Sons, 2008)

Figure 3. Ibid.

Corner, James ‘The Agency of Mapping: Speculation, Critique and Invention’, in Mappings, ed. by Denis Cosgrove ( London: Reaktion, 1999)

Figure 4. available at: https://hypebeast.com/2019/5/fucking-awesome-hollywood-flagship-inside-look

Deleuze, Gilles, Félix. Guattari, and Brian. Massumi. A Thousand Plateaus : Capitalism and Schizophrenia. (London: Continuum, 1987)

Figure 5. available at: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/may/30/lockdown-lifts-on-car-boot-sales-but-many-feel-safer-trading-online

Ghidoni, Matteo, Giovanni Piovene and Marco Ferrari, ‘Citizens Mapping’ in Trans(ient) City ed. by D.F., Faustino, (Barcelona: Bom, 2007)

Figure 6. available at: https://www.archdaily.com/536235/the-bluecoat-hans-van-der-heijden-architect

Harvey, David, Justice, Nature, and the Geography of Difference (Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 1996)

Figure 7. available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/19/degrowth-architecture-oslo-architecture-triennale-2019/

Koolhaas Rem. The Generic City. (New York: The Monacelli Press, 1998)

Figure 8. available at: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/kisho-kurokawa-nakagin-capsule- tower-building/

Maas, Winy, Jacob Van Rijs, and Richard Koek, FARMAX : Excursions on Density 3rd ed. (Rotterdam: 010 Publishers, 2006)

Figure 9. available at: Corner, James ‘The Agency of Mapping: Speculation, Critique and Invention’, in Mappings, ed. by Denis Cosgrove ( London: Reaktion, 1999), pp. 231-252

Star and shadow cinema available from https://www.mawsonkerr.co.uk/projects/star-shadow-cinema/

Figure 10. Ibid. Star and shadow cinema available from https://www.starandshadow.org.uk/about/sas/ Baltic Triangle framework (2017) available from http://regeneratingliverpool.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Baltic-Triangle-Development-Framework-Document.pdf

Figure 11. Ghidoni, Matteo, Giovanni Piovene and Marco Ferrari, ‘Citizens Mapping’ in Trans(ient) City ed. by D.F., Faustino, (Barcelona: Bom, 2007), pp.311317

Zaera-Polo, Alejandro, ‘Ectectionics?’, Perspecta, 10.3 (2014)

Assume everything else unless stated above, the author own. 108

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APPENDIX

Bluecoat, Liverpool

A: Architects

Lanna de Buitléar

Group Members:

)PX (YJOP[LJ[\YL HYL H 9V[[LYKHT IHZLK ÄYT ;OL` were founded in 1994 and mainly focussed on serial housing construction. Their portfolio included new JVUZ[Y\J[PVU HUK YLUV]H[PVU ;OL ÄYT»Z IYLHR[OYV\NO win was with their design for the Bluecoat, through the Europan 4 competition for location in Liverpool. This was the beginning of non-residential work for [OL ÄYT ^P[O [OL YLKL]LSVWTLU[ VM [OL )S\LJVH[ (Y[Z Centre pinpointing this in 2007. This led a deviation of focus, more and more in to inner city locations, to building and renovating in the existing city. Biq deÄULZ P[ZLSM HZ ºZWLJPHSPZLK PU OV\ZPUN» I\[ ^PSS ºUV[ ZO` away from other tasks’.

Katie Flower Hannah Carson Jonny Coekin Qixing Huang Lanna de Buitléar Darcy Norgan

;OL KLZPNU L[OVZ VM )PX PZ YLÅLJ[LK PU [OLPY UHTL 0[ refers to the well known French company that produces pens, lighters and razors. The connection between the two is that biq establishes itself as a studio ^P[O [OL ZHTL WYLJPZPVU PU[LU[PVUZ HUK LѝJPLUJ` that is seen in these useful everyday objects.

Introduction

SVS Football Club Sports Building. 2012.

Green Lane Triangle, Birkenhead. 2006.

The Bluecoat Arts Centre in Liverpool was renovated HUK JVTWSL[LK PU I` 9V[[LYKHT IHZLK ÄYT Biq Architects. The original grade 1 listed building, erected in 1717 and functioning as a school for orphan children, had the new wing reinstated to replicate the original Queen Anne H shape layout that was lost during the bombings of World War 2. Biq’s design has carefully considered the heritage of the site to produce a new 2250m extension, functioning as a centre for contemporary arts, music, performance, literature and heritage events.

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Hessenberg, Nijmegen. 2010

Laker Walks, Eindhoven. 2010.

Biq Architects have a mix of of new builds and renovations, in both housing and other commercial uses. The common theme when building across Europe, seems to be that the houses are vernacular in style, however all designs have a focus on rectangular/cubic shapes with an emphasis of repetitive vertical elements. Biq presents a sensitivity to existing environments, whether they are traditional, such as the Queen Anne style of the old Bluecoat building, or the 19th century terraced housing that surrounds and inspires the form of Green Lane Triangle in Birkenhead. A featured example of this is above, in Nijmegen. Biq show an awareness and empathy to the exisiting traditional Dutch architecture that exists next door to the new build. They draw on the existant colours to inform their choices in marble facades and window panes. It is these small details that Biq recognises, that allows the modern residential building to be seamlessly intertwined with the context.

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B. Typology

Footprint new/old

Glasgow CCA

Gallery Area

Visitors (per year)

24,841

500m2

1,750m2 Whitworth Gallery

440,000 (2015)

1000m2

This collage aims to highlight the similarities drawn across many of Biq’s projects. Across nearly all buildings, the brick is expressed and used as a design choice. Brick of similar colours and renders is used, while stack bonded, such as in Bluecoat, is a popular choice. There is a prevelance of a blend of square and rectangular windows on the same facade. The designs are mostly very quadralateral. A signature by Biq is marble engraved plaques that YLÅLJ[ [OL Z\YYV\UKPUN JVU[L_[ IHJR

4,250m2 Goldsmiths

c. 20,000 1000m2

2,250m2

Glasgow Centre for Contemporary Art

B. Typology

Glasgow CCA

Second

Whitworth Gallery - Shop - Galleries - Cafe - Events room - Workshops - Study centre - Walled garden

Manchester

Goldsmiths Contemporary Art Gallery

Two extensions – one glass and stainless steel, and the other red brick

Goldsmiths

Assemble were commissioned by Goldsmiths Uni, to create a new public art centre, transforming the former industrial spaces of the Grade II listed Laurie Grove Baths.

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First

Stone - Steel - Concrete

The Whitworth is an amalgamation of a number of separate stages of development that have been undertaken over the past 126 years. Two new wings of contrasting character extend into the adjacent park.

2018 - ASSEMBLE

Ground

Glasgow

Whitworth Gallery

2015 - MUMA

Spatial Strategy

Materiality

- Galleries - Cinema - Theatre - Bar - Creative lab - Student club - Event space

The Whitworth is an amalgamation of a number of separate stages of development that have been undertaken over the past 126 years. Two new wings of contrasting character extend into the adjacent park.

2008 - Page Park

Spaces

London

- Galleries - Café - Curators - Studio - Event space Exposed brick - Steel Concrete

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Shops

Sporadic greenery

Restaurants

Ever-increasing issues of site as shortcut

Bars Hotels Active Busy

Urban Buzzing Hub

Enclosed Dark blue - site Light blue - surrounding buildings White - pedestrian pathways Grey - roads Average wind direction Winter sun cycle (sunrise at 8.30/sunset at 4.30) Summer sun cycle (sunrise at 4.45/sunset at 9.45) 114

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The building went through many exstentions withPU P[Z ÄYZ[ `LHYZ ,HJO L_Z[LU[PVU JVUZPZ[Z VM KPMMLYLU[ JOHYHJ[LYPZ[PJZ HUK YLZWVUZL [V ZWHJPHS VYNHUPZH[PVU HSVUN ^P[O KPɈLYLU[ M\UJ[PVUZ ;OL UL^ KL]LSVWTLU[Z LHJO OH]L H KPɈLYLU[ HWWYVHJO [V WYVNYHT VU H TPUVY SL]LS ILMVYL QVPUN HZ H ^OVSL [V JYLH[L [OL )S\LJVH[ I\PSKPUN )LSSV^ 0 OH]L L_WSVYLK LHJO ZLJ[PVU VM [OL I\PSKPUN [OYV\NO imagery showing their KPɈLYLU[ HLZ[OL[PJZ \ZHNLZ HUK JPYJ\SH[PVU

Aluminium frames and brick wall

5. Concrete structure

4. Aluminium frames

Interior look, concrete structure with painted bricks 5. Bricks cladding

Concept

Studio Relevance//Spatial Sequence LIV

Garden Main reception & cafe

New wing

1. Re-development

2. Two main entrances

C Studio Theme - Community

Bay windows on the south elevation

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3. Bay windows

I have combined these two sections as there is a strong link between the spatial sequence of the Bluecoat, and a key theme we have explored, community. The main reception, garden and courtyard are free for all to access during opening hours, with no pressure to purchase anything.

This public access directly through the building, connecting the North and South sides, increases the footfall in the building; this allows the public to pass the gift shop, which sells the products of the resident artists, giving them the opportunity to promote their work to more people.

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The Bluecoat Creative Community

GALLERY 3 GALLERY 2

LLE

“We all come and meet in the corridor and meet in the kitchen and swap ideas, the doors are open and we ÅV^ in and out of one another’s spaces and we pass on opportunities wherever we can; there’s a proper feeling of community here.” Bluecoat artist

The Creative Community was set up with the aim of supporting the creative industry; it consists of three parts, retailers, artists and industry workers. The relationship between artist and the community is enjoyed mutually, with the public able to enjoy the work promoted, and the workers enjoying what the Bluecoat gives back to the community, sharing spaces together. With strong links to the city, and a rich diversity of artists, the workshops thrive and productivity and creativity is increased.

RY 1

THE VOID (GALLERY SPACE)

THE VOID

SP AC

The performance space, often used for private shows/conferences, cuts VɈ [OL UH[\YHS JPYJ\SH[PVU VM [OL NHSlery spaces.

2 1

Gallery 1 is the largest gallery, has an abundance of natural light and JHU IL ZWHJPHSS` ÅL_PISL :O\[[LYZ can make the interior space dark and smaller if necessary.

Gallery 1 & 2 are the most visited galleries due to ease of access, but there is an issue with the circulation for Gallery 3 as one has to return via the stairs down the same route. As a result, Gallery 3 is is the least visited.

The void works as an exhibition space but not as a circulation space, going up and along on LHJO ÅVVY YL[\YUPUN KV^U [OL same route and staircase.

User Experience - Stairs

The Spatial Sequence is designed to improve the space for the users and the wider community, however it has its issues:

The double height staircase provides an exciting user experience, however it can get crowded at busy times due [V [OL SPTP[LK HJJLZZ HUK SHJR VM ÅV^ from Gallery 3.

Garden

The Garden - A place for all to use, however it has become a short-cut since the Liverpool One development completed. op

ll Ga

The void works as a gallery space, but not as a circulation space, as the stairs are “similar to that of car park stairs”, Artistic Director Bryan Biggs

ll Ga

ol C ge

le ne

Gallery 2 - Situated on a busy street with close proximity to Liverpool One, having access here would increase the visits to the galleries. However due to humidity control the door is kept closed and used for loading.

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Hanover Stre

Diagram showing direction of footfall

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Structure strategy

Exploded axonometric

Copper roof cladding

Bronze anoised aluminum window frame Fabricated steel truss

Bonded brickwork

in situ cast concrete structure, interior looking

Wet plaster finish Bronze anoised aluminum window frame

In situ cast concrete

Fermacell lining Bonded brickwork Bronze anoised aluminum window frame

Bonded brickwork

Wet plaster finish Copper cladding ventilation grilles

Polished natural stone wall

Bronze anoised aluminum door

load bearing brick wall, exterior looking

Structure detail

Secret gutter

Bonded Brickwork

Detail section 1: 20

Bonded Brickwork painted

Bronze anoised aluminum window frame Enclosed concrete

Bricks enclose the whole concrete structure In situ cast concrete

Steel beam in reinforced concrete

Bricks enclose the short facades of the concrete column

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J: Atmosphere

Example of contemporary art in gallery. Image courtesy of www.bluecoat.com

Lanna de BuitlÃ©ar The design of the windows is an important feature of the cultivated atmosphere in the modern wing. The window positioning and distance between them is an imitation of the original 1717 building. This creates a ZLHTSLZZ \UPÃ&#x201E;JH[PVU IL[^LLU [OL TVKLYU HUK [YHKPtional styles of architecture. The windows are made a feature of, which is rare in a gallery and exhibition space. They are used to nat\YHSS` PSS\TPUH[L [OL ZWHJL HSVUN ^P[O HY[PÃ&#x201E;JPHS SPNO[PUN The repetitive nature of the windows, along with their large size allows the inhabitant to look out in to the courtyard and towards the old building to serve as a reminder of the heritage. Along College Lane, large ^PUKV^Z JYLH[L H ÂºZOVW MYVU[Â» LÑ&#x153;LJ[ TLHUPUN WHZsers become interested in the gallery. By opening up the space with windows on both sides, it creates a sense of place and a bright, open atmosphere which is refreshing in a gallery.

0SS\Z[YH[PVU VM OV^ [OL ÂºZOVW MYVU[Â» ^PUKV^Z PU [V [OL gallery appear at nighttime and act an interest point for pedestrians. *VSSLNL 3HUL ÂºZOVW MYVU[Â» ^PUKV^Z

Extension / modern wing windows

Diagram to highlight repetitive window structure that imitates the pattern of the original build.

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Original east wing. Image courtesy of www.wikimedia.org

/LYL [OL \ZL VM KH` SPNO[ HUK HY[PÃ&#x201E;JPHS SPNO[ PU [OL THPU NHSSLY` JVYYPKVY VU [OL NYV\UK Ã&#x2026;VVY PZ PSS\Z[YH[LK ;OL KH` SPNO[ Ã&#x2026;VVKZ PU [V [OL NHSSLY` ZWHJL

0U JVYYPKVYZ Z\JO HZ SLHKPUN \W [V [OL [O Ã&#x2026;VVY NHSSLY` [OLYL PZ H Z[YVUNLY PTWVY[HUJL VM HY[PÃ&#x201E;JPHS SPNO[ ;OPZ PZ L_HNNLYH[LK I` YLÃ&#x2026;LJ[PUN IHJR MYVT [OL ^OP[L stacked brick walls.

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(K) Materiality Georgian/Queen-Anne style 1770 Curved wall 1820

Honesty

Exposed

Evidence of history

Suggestive of history

Parallel historic and material journey

Embracing change

New

Use of glass making exhibitions into â&#x20AC;&#x153;window displayâ&#x20AC;?

Interior

L. Threshold World War II New light Honest Thematic Charismatic mismatch

New

Sloped approach False entrances route the building to the ground and front courtyard.

Thresholds: Entrance/approach Entrance hall/cafe Transitions from existing to new Vertical thresholds Quad

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<UÄUPZOLK

Movement past this ‘threshold’

Transition between existing and new block with view through whole building.

Viewpoints and ‘Osmosis’!

Old and New

Enclosed courtyard Sliding doors from cafe -V\Y KPќLYLU[ [`WVSVNPLZ Landscapping prevention of shortcutting Keeping people there Many shared views

vvvv

Open atrium with skylight. Viewing platforms at each level Raw materials on staircases

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Acoustic timber wall panelling

Office

Feature window • Aluminium-framed double-galzed window with Agron gas, face brickwork reveal

Grating floor

Storage/Warehouse

Workshop

Loose mix concrete

1:20 in A1