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COLIN ELKINGTON STAGE 3 ACADEMIC PORTFOLIO | 2019 - 2020 BA (Hons) Architecture Newcastle University

CONTENTS

COLIN ELKINGTON STAGE 3 ACADEMIC PORTFOLIO | 2019 - 2020

Illustrated Reflective Report

Charrette Week

PRIMER

S TA G I N G

R E A L I S AT I O N

SYNTHESIS

PAGE 8

PAGE 26

PAGE 74

PAGE 106

BA (Hons) Architecture Newcastle University

Student ID: 160266205 Design Studio: Studio 4 - House of Memories Studio Leaders: Neveen Hamza & Stuart Franklin

(Reflection on Field Trip included)

(TTMW work included)

Bibliography

146

Illustrated Cultural Bibliography

150

Appendix Including: A) Process Work Scans B) Field Trip Case Study Report

152

Work produced or updated following review feedback is indicated with a red asterisk in the top left-hand corner of each page. A description is then provided, specifying how the work has been improved, or if the work has been newly created.

If work has been produced by a group member, credit is given in the top righthand corner of each page.

PORTFOLIO INTRODUCTION

ILLUSTRATED REFLECTIVE REPORT

Designing for dementia challenged me to design from a highly-specific and unfamiliar perspective, which has demanded a continual, personal progression or reshaping of the way I observe, experience and design spaces. Ultimately, it is hoped that greater consideration and empathy manifest themselves in my work as a designer, and will continue to inform future works.

However, only when BIPVs (building-integrated photovoltaics) were investigated during the ‘Technology’ assignment, the pitch of the curve was finalised. This decision was guided by technological benefits, such as maximising solar irradiation, yet I ensured that these demands remained balanced with the overall intentions of the design and its language (Figure 5 & 6).

The tasks over this year have felt rooted in reality; dealing with a live site, official regulations and research, and with vulnerable occupants who form a significant part of our society, and who are in great need of supportive and stimulating living environments. Personally, this provided a welcome contrast to projects in previous years, which sometimes felt disconnected from the needs of the world around us. In this context, a crucial lesson learnt throughout the year has been the importance of quantifying environmental simulation as a design tool for enhancing human experience and wellbeing, and for creating healing environments, rather than using it as an ‘after-thought’ (Figure 1 & 2). Having previously struggled with the subjectivity of architectural style and language, this year I have learnt to ground all design decisions in the project concepts and drivers, which provides an objective rationale behind all design aspects. For example, the decision to use timber heavily in structural and material strategies has enhanced the concept of blurring the boundary between interior and exterior, has offered a visual warmth and natural tactility for individuals with weakened sensory perception, and has visually embraced the idea of sustainability. Therefore, the resultant design language, of which materiality played an important part, is founded in criteria beyond personal preferences in style. This approach has been a vital component of my development, one I intend to use as I move forward with my education and career.

In addition to revealing new insights into the profession, such as procurement and CDM, the ‘Professional Practice and Management’ module reinforced a crucial lesson through its focus on planning considerations. Researching and applying existing regulations to my own project emphasized the importance of wider connections and influences a building can have. Through the local Area Action Plan for my project region, I was reminded of the potential and duty of architecture to provide social infrastructures and support services, to facilitate interactions, and to create sustainable communities (Figure 7). Fig. 1: Design responses to wind analysis

Fig. 2: Using daylight analysis to support design decisions

Since the onset of this project, and my formation of a key concept regarding the relationship between interior and exterior environments, technology has been intertwined with its development. Initial massing studies were focused on manipulating heights in response to sunlight, and on providing ‘pockets’ of outdoor spaces, thus offering benefits in terms of dementia-specific requirements and environmental performance (Figure 4). Frequent views of, and access to, the outdoors were crucial for connecting dementia-residents to the external environment, enabling them to follow a continuous internal ‘wandering route’, while the integration of courtyards between building masses increased the availability of daylight and natural ventilation to a greater proportion of interior spaces. Enclosure of courtyards for security and passive observation from staff also offered greater protection from high wind speeds (Figure 1). Another example of the valuable integration of the ‘Technology’ module and design is the project’s ‘Community Learning Centre’. A gently curved, south-facing roof was initially conceived because it translated a curve in the floor plan through to the elevation, offering greater design continuity, as well as responding positively to sunlight through orientation and shape. 4

Fig. 6: Roof solar irradiation calculations (ARC3013 output)

Fig. 7: Explorations into ways of involving, & providing for, community on-site.

The ‘Theory Into Practice’ module assessment provided an opportunity to challenge the reasoning behind my methods of working. In particular, I chose to focus on digital rendering - a skill and representation style of great personal interest to me, since the beginning of my architectural education.

The project’s implementation of sustainable measures - whether through increasing availability of light with massing and roofscape design, or through harvesting sunlight and rainwater to reduce energy and resource consumption - strives to enhance the reputation of architects as advocates of sustainable futures and as contributors to combatting climate change. The project also aims to have deep significance, not only to the users with dementia, but to wider society as a whole. Through the careful integration of dementia-sufferers with different generations belonging to the surrounding community (Figure 3), it seeks to represent architects as facilitators of social relationships through design, influencing how people feel, behave and interact, thus helping to alleviate stigmas associated with the elderly and sick. In turn, this will help to maintain the dignity of individuals, incapable of performing daily activities without assistance. My project, therefore, offers me a glimpse into the unique opportunities for architecture in the world of healthcare. As Michael Murphy - a great source of inspiration through his organisation ‘MASS Design Group’ – summarises: “Buildings make visible our personal and collective aspirations for a society…great architecture can heal” (Murphy, 2016).

Our focus as designers, especially as students, can suffer from underestimating the relevance of the site context, which made me determined to sufficiently address and highlight my considerations for forming connections between the new development and existing surroundings – visually (eg. through appropriate material use and scale), practically (eg. through accommodating access for all, through navigating existing roads/pathways), and socially (eg. through provision of community venues that facilitate supportive, intergenerational encounters).

However, only when researching for this module, did I understand and appreciate the true value of such representation, and perhaps more importantly, the dangers and disadvantages associated with it. Previously, I had seen digital rendering as the impressive end-goal. Unknowingly, this had served me well, as the potentials of a digital medium allowed me to push the precision of the design closer to reality, therefore likely demanding a greater attention to detail, compared to other representation forms. However, I learnt that with increased detail came the potential for in-depth and highly-specific critique. After initial frustration, I was then able to see digital rendering as part of an informative testing process in my design work, using the representation’s unambiguity to prompt critical judgements, that subsequently informed alterations to create a more suitable and effective end-product (Figure 8).

Fig. 3: Community Learning Centre render Fig. 4: Massing model

Fig. 5: Roof curve analysis for BIPV integration (ARC3013 output)

In addition, this module assessment also introduced me to the communicative power of rendering, providing examples of how representation can be a crucial tool for translating the messages and philosophies underpinning the design. This has become integral to my dementia project, as I recognise architecture as a social component, thus allowing me to utilise the communicative power of rendering to reflect my aspirations for a potential future society (Figure 3).

Fig. 8: Interior render before vs after review feedback Fig. 9: TTMW model output compared to snapshot of final building design

‘Thinking Through Making Week’ provided a valuable lesson in my ongoing development as a designer. Naturally, I have always progressed through projects with a continually diminishing scale (eg. working from site, to massing, to refined form, to inhabited details). However, being obligated to focus on a finer detail in model form, while the project was still in massing and floor plan stages, proved beneficial to the subsequent resolution of the overall design. The 1:10 dynamic facade study was selected purely for its association with the concept of blurring the boundary between interior and exterior environments, and while the exact moving-feature modelled was not included in the final building, the materiality and aesthetics explored during this week, in line with the concept, were the origination of the design language demonstrated in the final project (Figure 9).

CHARRETTE WEEK

PROJECT DECLARATION

OCTOBER 2019

LINE OF ENQUIRY & CENTRAL THEMES

The theme of this year’s Charrette week was ‘Highstreet’. My designated Charrette was named ‘An Emotional Highstreet’. This week-long project explored the themes of psychology and human behaviour, investigating how the common high-street is experienced, and what our emotive responses are to the brands and companies that surround us.

The ‘House of Memories’ Studio addresses designing for dementia; an overarching term for a number of diseases characterised by cognitive impairment, which result in negatively affecting an individual’s behaviour and their ability to execute daily tasks.

DEMENTIA (GUIDING PRINCIPLES)

Derived from my understanding of dementia and associated symptoms or behavioural tendencies, the following four central themes or principles guide the project throughout:

Blurring the boundary between interior and exterior environments: While the health and well-being benefits of nature and the outdoors have been extensively researched, a disconnect between interior and exterior environments appears to be common in institutional settings, and could be addressed through the balanced stimulation of environments.

BLURRING THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN INTERIOR & EXTERIOR ENVIRONMENTS

Environmental performance to enhance well-being: We were first given a shop brand which we were encouraged to explore both online and in reality. What brand identity is this company attempting to enforce? What emotions are personally evoked in response to the brand and its marketing? Following this, we were asked to identify one emotion, and to produce a graphical representation of this emotion through the typeface. For example, the word ‘self-conscious’ was selected from the brand ‘Hollister’, based on customers’ apparent feeling of expectation to fit a certain body-image standard embodied by the brand. Depending on one’s own current perception of their appearance, different customers could experience either positive and negative feelings. Regardless of which way people feel, it was clear that this branding and environment compelled people to reflect on themselves, and compare to others, thus instilling a feeling of self-consciousness. The minimalist graphic shows the word above a mirror (as seen drawn in physics diagrams), with the blurred reflection below. A central positioning echoes how people are placing themselves at the centre of their own attention, when feeling self-conscious.

An established link between dementia and the individual’s perception of their environment, offers opportunities to use environmental considerations and simulations to maximise physical comfort in all areas of the setting. In addition, the potential for renewable energy production and resource reduction strives to support action against climate change.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE TO ENHANCE WELL-BEING

Intergenerational engagement & community interaction: The design of new healthcare facilities has a unique opportunity to normalise intergenerational encounters, attempting to reduce the stigmas associated with the elderly and sick, and to eliminate the alienation and disconnect from the wider community, often experienced by occupants.

‘EMOTION ALLEY’

INTERGENERATIONAL ENGAGEMENT & COMMUNITY INTERACTION

FINAL OUTPUT Minimising institutionalisation:

The group’s main task for the week was to create an ‘emotional high-street’ display, made up of three-dimensional, 1:10 models of shops or shop fronts, each one designed to be the physical embodiment of an emotion evoked by a particular brand. Together, the display visually expressed the journey that people may experience when walking down the urban high-streets of today. 6

The removal of individuals from their home, coupled with the impairment of memory and reasoning, demands that aspects associated with an institution are minimised, in favour of developing living environments that offer a sense of belonging, familiarity and intimacy; a sense of home.

MINIMISING INSTITUTIONALISATION

The portfolio chapters ‘Primer’, ‘Staging’, ‘Realisation’ and ‘Synthesis’, document my design journey of an assisted-living dementia care facility, as well as my journey of an ever-evolving appreciation for the power of design to influence our experience of the world around us. 7

BACKGROUND RESEARCH PREVALENCE OF DEMENTIA

01 PRIMER

‘Primer’ provided the opportunity to get to grips with, and creatively respond to, our on-going research into dementia – a disease which I personally had little exposure to before. Through the design and construction of a 1:1 sensory pod for dementia sufferers, we experimented with themes of distraction therapy; tactile, visual and olfactory experiences; and with providing opportunities to creatively contribute to surroundings – aiming to trigger memories, provide mental stimulation, encourage social interaction, and slow down the progression of the disease and its associated symptoms. The task offered a first glimpse of the enormous effect design has on the way people experience their surroundings, and of the potential for us as designers to positively influence people’s feelings and behaviours as a consequence.

BACKGROUND RESEARCH SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA

*page produced by group member TT

* New work produced after review

SENSORY POD SUMMARY OF DESIGN FEATURES

Together with the themes described on page 8, our sensory pod concentrated on providing a connection to children through learning environments, due to research revealing the similar benefits of such activities on both brain development (children), and brain stimulation to slow the progression of symptoms (dementia sufferers).

‘Set the scene’ activity

Space to display process work

Welcome sign informing patient of where they are, and today’s date

Openings to diffuse separation between inside & outside pod

‘Story wall’ activity

‘Making scents of memories’ activity

Circadian lighting

Walls A & B have backs to studio gallery wall

Themed wall-covering

Location-themed artwork posters

‘Pin impression art’ activity

PIN IMPRESSION ART

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Development of placement & usage:

Existing room boundary Sensory pod wall

Visual - allows freedom to create images, patterns, impressions. Tactile - the need for touch on multiple surfaces stimulates another sense.

FINAL INSTALLATION (All model & final installation work produced as group of 4)

Entrance

1) Central location

Allows participant on both sides of wall, encouraging social interaction. Easy access to both sides for ‘re-setting’ of pins when required.

Spatial - requires an understanding of the third dimension (pushing of pins) to create 2D visuals.

May act as obstruction to space, becoming potentially confusing or dangerous to users. Hinders views from one side of pod to the other (eg. seating on right-hand side facing screen on left-hand side).

Use of objects and 3D letters allow for creative expression & opportunity for word identification/ memory games.

2) End-wall location

Makes ‘pin impression’ wall main feature/focal point of pod. Securely fastened to wall making space safer due to absence of obstruction. Would require a lever to ‘reset’ pins, as access to other side of wall is restricted.

Opportunity for intergenerational activities & physical movement - for eg. ‘shape-mimic’ game.

CONCEPT

Through our ‘pin impression’ wall concept, we aim to address a wide range of possible dementia symptoms, and to provide a form of stimulation specific to each. Dementia can also be hard for young relatives of the patient to understand. Providing a setting for both generations to interact and express themselves through different means can aid communication, connection, and the creation of new memories.

Social interaction limited to two people sharing same side of wall.

3) Exposed exterior-wall location

As dementia can come in many forms, patients will likely experience slightly different symptoms, due to the damaging of different parts of the brain. Damage can occur to the frontal lobe; affecting problem solving, the temporal lobe; affecting memory, the sensory cortex; affecting sensations, the parietal lobe; affecting perception and spatial awareness, and the occipital lobe; affecting vision.

Early model to test concept

Allows participant on both sides of wall, encouraging social interaction.

Exhibition Display Label

Offers people outside pod a hint of activity occurring inside (visual stimulus). A pod with four walls creates more ‘immersive’ space. Aids the blurring of the boundary between interior and exterior of pod (connection between environments)

INTERACTIVE STORY WALL

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

FINAL INSTALLATION

an active contribution to the

The interactive ‘Story-Wall’ draws on the biopsychosocial model, allowing patients to complete their own life-story display through a visual activity.

biopsychosocial model

adjustable headings

completed ‘story’

card-holder brackets

card tray

CONCEPT

Early model to test concept

During the admission process, patient profiles are created, by looking at biological, psychological, and social aspects of the patient’s life. This enables staff to get to know the individual better, bringing numerous benefits for the experience of the patient in the facility. For example, potential triggers for changes in behaviour and emotion can be identified, and from this possible interventions can be planned. Furthermore, it provides staff with interesting topics of discussion, in order to maintain and develop social interaction.

Exhibition Display Label

Positive aspects of activity relating to research: Participants have the chance to decide what is on display. Long-term & autobiographical triggered (reminiscence therapy).

memories

are

Carers can learn more about patients, helping to contribute to the patients’ profiles (usually attained through the biopsychosocial model). Social interaction can spark between patients, as they discover similiarities and common interests.

Additional sensory stimuli: Opportunity for individual cards to have a texture or scent added, relating to the image shown.

Children, grandchildren, and other young visitors can learn more about their relative’s lives.

SET THE SCENE

SET THE SCENE Concept Development:

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

FINAL INSTALLATION

Sliding frame Example scene options: Blurs boundary between interior and exterior environments by ‘transporting’ user to different location that is inaccessible due to illness. Opportunities for self-regulation and choice (personal contribution to what is displayed) stimulate various parts of the brain, such as the prefrontal lobe (memory), thalamus (senses), and occipital lobe (visualisation).

Rigid boards depicting scenes stacked behind one another. Scene is chosen by sliding out desired board and sliding back into bracket in front position.

existing wall wooden bracket picture board tab/handle picture board

Tactile/requires physical movement to alter scene. Changing scenes could be difficult if boards are rigid and width of pod is limited.

Drawn blind Scenes printed onto rolled paper act like window blinds, allowing desired scene to be pulled down.

existing wall

Tactile/requires physical movement to alter scene.

picture pull tab

‘Pulling blind’ action reinforces idea of a window to the outdoors.

hook for securing picture

roll rolled picture

Exhibition Display Label

Difficult to make scenes roll down and back up neatly.

Television screen TV screen placed in pod, allowing patients to choose a specific scene more personal to them. Tablet connected below, from which a variety of choices can be made.

CONCEPT

television screen

No contraption needed for hiding numerous scenes.

Need for affordances & signifiers: “Affordances determine what actions are possible. Signifiers communicate where the action should take place.”

tablet on stand

Allows a larger variety of scenes to select from opportunity to personalise scenes using Google Earth (eg. patient’s home).

Don Norman: ‘The Design of Everyday Things’ pg.14

existing wall

Front Elevation

Section

MAKING SCENTS OF MEMORIES CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

*page produced by group member SR

Concept Development:

FINAL INSTALLATION

1) Diffusers

The sense of smell is closely linked with memory. For example, the smell of coffee brewing may evoke recollections of a morning routine. This can often happen spontaneously, when a specific smell acts as a trigger in recalling a long-forgotten event or experience.

Powerful range of scents, reflecting different times of day.

Too many scents at once in an uncontrollable manner - can become overstimulating.

Easy to find - can be bought in various shops.

Research shows that losing one’s sense of smell can result in the loss of an important pathway to memories. The ‘scent-memory wall’ of the sensory pod serves as a stimulating interface helping to trigger the patients’ memories through scent.

Clearly labelled on the bottle/diffuser vase.

Users interact with a collection of different scents, with labelled name tags allowing identification. Individual bags could carry scents specific to the patients’ biopsychosocial profile, which could further help in recollection of memories and relieve stress.

MAKING SCENTS OF MEMORIES

Sticks pose potential risk for patients - might be used in an incorrect way.

2) Scents around the room

Scents are placed in cloth (jute fiber) bags and hung on individual rotating wall panels that form a part of the wall. When not in use, these wall panels rotate 180° to fill the gaps in the wallpaper image, thus concealing the scent display and giving staff members control over its use.

Bags can be picked up and felt - brings patients closer to the overall scent.

Patients have to walk around the room to discover new smells

Location around the room helps reduce risk of olfactory overstimulation.

More tiring. Might cause confusion between different bags each looks the same, but is in a different location.

3) Scents in one specific area +

Bags are now in one place to avoid confusion.

Scents become clustered again, which could lead to olfactory overstimulation.

Table provides visual platform for bags to rest on.

Similar looking bags in close proximity may cause confusion.

Concealed vs Revealed

Exhibition Display Label

Overstimulation reduced as bags are contained behind cupboard doors.

More effort require to open door and remove smell - potentially more tiring.

Bags can be labelled to indicate what’s inside.

CONCEPT

4) Scents in cupboards

Both door and bag are clearly labelled to avoid confusion and agitation. Cupboards provide break in wall.

Increased need for furniture to allow highest cupboards to be reached.

*page produced by group member TT

CIRCADIAN LIGHTING CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

ADDITIONAL DESIGN FEATURES FINAL INSTALLATION

Development of placement & usage:

Morning: 1,000K - 8,000K

1) Projector

+ More direct light over the entire pod from above

+ Additional sheet below projector will help to diffuse light - less intense

- May create intense shadows on ground - can cause feelings of agitation

Evening: 8,000K - 2,700K

- Might become difficult to suspend projector from the ceiling

Midday: 6,500K

2) Lightbulb

+ Accurate light colours - made in

Taking inspiration from a studio visit to ‘Roker and Mowbray’ Dementia Care Facility, we produced our own poster-style artworks, based on nearby locations. These can be effective in prompting fond memories and related conversations.

factory, so no ‘guessing’ of colour hues

+ Easy to set up - screw in light bulb to lamp

- Have to switch off to get next colour - not smooth transition

- More expensive than alternative methods, i.e. projection

3) LED Light Strip CONCEPT

+ Can be placed inside elements of pod i.e. inside pin wall

+ Easier to conceal behind wall panels

Circadian rhythms concern the body’s 24-hour internal cycle, helping to regulate cycles of sleep, wake, hunger, alertness, hormone release, and body temperature. A good circadian rhythm helps keep the body healthy, whereas a poor circadian rhythm may cause health complications. Although it is largely part of the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythms, lightness and darkness also play a significant role in keeping this cycle regular. Many older people struggle to regulate their body clock, and this is especially common for those suffering from dementia related illnesses - towards the end of a day, a patient may experience heightened feelings of confusion, aggression, and agitation, as they are not as aware of the changing external light because of physical changes to the brain. This is most commonly referred to as ‘sundowning syndrome’; symptoms of this can be eased with controlled light changes, designed to mimic an artificial ‘sunrise to sunset’.

+ Less intense in one area

Welcome sign above entrance informing user of where they are, and displaying today’s date.

The themed wallpaper and figurine act as a visual link between generations, depicting characters known through comics, and subsequently films, by both children today and generations who are now elderly.

- Less of a domestic feel - might work best in combination with the light bulb

For our sensory pod, we will look to replicate 24 hours of circadian lighting in 1 hour. This will help show people how the lighting in the pod will be experienced during different times of the day, as they are not likely to stay in the pod for a full 24-hour internal cycle. Colours will range from 1,000K to 9,000K to best imitate sunrise to sunset.

FINAL INSTALLATION

FIELD TRIP: BERLIN & HAMBURG

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

REFLECTION While the scale and setting of the two German cities heavily contrasted our project for a dementia-care facility, a number of key subjects were revealed through our week abroad, aiming to spark inspiration for oncoming tasks. Firstly, buildings such as Libeskind’s Jewish Museum (pictured here and explored further through the group Case Study Report), communicated how particular emotions, feelings, or memories can be evoked in occupants through the careful design of spaces - a crucial component of designing for individuals living away from the comfort of their home, and suffering from memory loss. The field trip ‘Case Study Report’ (Daniel Libeskind’s Jewish Museum) can be found as ‘Appendix B’ in the Appendix (submitted in separate file).

Main Stages:

Beginning laser-cutting process for pin impression art, and planning details of next stages.

Sourcing and preparing individual components of pod structure.

Constructing wall frames of pod structure from timber elements.

Creating and inserting individual activities or features.

Another key topic reflected through the majority of buildings visited, and acting as a central theme throughout our dementia projects, was designing to enhance environmental performance, and using environmental conditions to improve the experience and wellbeing of occupants. Some of these design considerations are detailed on the following pages. All photos displayed are author’s own.

FIELD TRIP: BERLIN & HAMBURG

KEY BUILDING VISITS

Free University Library, Berlin | Architect: Foster + Partners | 2005

Sony Centre, Berlin | Architect: Helmut Jahn | 2000

Elbphilharmonie, Hamburg | Architect: Herzog & de Meuron | 2016

Reichstag, Berlin | Architect: Foster + Partners | 1999

Unilever HQ, Hamburg | Architect: Behnisch Architekten | 2009

Heinrich Böll Foundation HQ, Berlin | Architect: e2a | 2008

The external shell’s alternating panels of opaque aluminium and transparent glazing regulate internal temperature. An inner membrane made from translucent glass fibre helps to diffuse and spread the natural light, while offering hints of external weather conditions through reflections and faint shadows. The double skin of the enclosure has the ability to open and close different panels, acting as an air duct and thermal buffer in response to the outdoor climate. Contrasting the concrete structure which provides thermal mass, this delicate envelope provides a bright and open atmosphere for students to study in.

The elliptical roof allows the plaza to be used in all weathers. Glass and translucent fabric alternate on a cable structure that spans 102m, and the 42m long king post at the centre allows the plaza to be free from structural columns. The structure acts as a projection surface for changing light - with white light used to visually ‘extend’ the length of the day, before cyan and magenta alternate to represent the sunset.

Acting as a new landmark of Hamburg and revitalising the area, the undulating, reflective form rises from a 19th century brick harbour warehouse. Following a long escalator that curves out of sight, a spacious foyer exhibits a juxtaposition of materials, with flowing white and glass forms meeting an industrial, exposed brick floor. Dramatic views of the river and city are offered from the plaza, that sits between the new and old developments.

Natural light is reflected into the heart of the building due to the ‘cone’ of mirrors at the centre of the dome, and an automated shade prevents unwanted, direct solar gain. The cupola naturally ventilates the main parliament chamber, with hot air exhausted through the top. This main chamber below the dome is visible to visitors due to skylights at the base of the cupola. A helical ramp offers views across the cityscape from all angles, leading to an observation deck at the top.

A spacious atrium at the heart of the building opens up to the city, and is flooded with natural light. A series of staircases, ramps and bridges link different spaces across the central atrium, creating connections physically, visually, and socially, and expressing a sense of togetherness and inclusivity. A curtain-wall facade covering over 6,000m2 is made from ETFE-film and a cable system, and forms the outer layer of a double-skin facade.

The building’s modern design language symbolises the political foundation’s forward-thinking and sustainable ideas. An extensive use of glass provides interior spaces with sufficient natural light. A photovolatic system is found on the roof, and the exhaust heat produced by the servers is used to heat the building. Spacious conference rooms offer flexibility through moveable partitions. A central atrium offers maximum comfort and minimum energy consumption, due to its natural ventilation of internal offices and corridors without heat loss.

Information sourced from personal visit and: ArchDaily. (2016). Elbphilharmonie Hamburg / Herzog & De Meuron. [online] ArchDaily. Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/802093/elbphilharmoniehamburg-herzog-and-de-meuron> [Accessed 2 June 2020].

Information sourced from personal visit and: Douglass-Jaimes, D. (2015). AD Classics: New German Parliament, Reichstag / Foster + Partners. [online] ArchDaily. Available at: <https://www.archdaily. com/775601/ad-classics-new-german-parliament-reichstag-foster-plus-partners> [Accessed 2 June 2020]. Foster + Partners. (2017). Reichstag, New German Parliament | Foster + Partners. [online] Fosterandpartners.com. Available at: <https://www.fosterandpartners. com/projects/reichstag-new-german-parliament/> [Accessed 2 June 2020].

Information sourced from personal visit and: Behnisch Architekten. (2009). Unilever Headquarters / Behnisch Architekten. [online] ArchDaily. Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/41761/unilever-headquarters-behnisch-architekten> [Accessed 2 June 2020]. Tensinet. (2010). ETFE Facade Unilever Building, Hamburg. [online] Tensinet. com. Available at: <https://www.tensinet.com/index.php/component/tensinet/?view=project&id=4456> [Accessed 2 June 2020].

Information sourced from personal visit and: ArchDaily. (2013). Free University’s Philology Library / Foster + Partners. [online] ArchDaily. Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/438400/free-university-of-berlin-foster-partners> [Accessed 25 May 2020].

Information sourced from personal visit and: ARUP. (2011). Sony Center, Berlin. [online] Arup.com. Available at: <https://www. arup.com/projects/sony-centre> [Accessed 27 May 2020]. Sonycenter.de. (2018). Architecture | Sony Center. [online] Available at: <https:// www.sonycenter.de/en/architecture> [Accessed 2 June 2020].

Information sourced from personal visit and: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. (2013). Foundation | Heinrich Böll Stiftung. [online] Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. Available at: <https://www.boell.de/en/foundation> [Accessed 2 June 2020]. e2a. (2008). Heinrich Böll Foundation - Niklas Maak, Examining The Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, 2005-2008. [online] E2a.ch. Available at: <https://www.e2a.ch/ projects/public-buildings/heinrich-b%C3%B6ll-foundation#/page12/> [Accessed 2 June 2020].

PRECEDENT CASE STUDY PRESENTATION DE HOGEWEYK - TITLE & REFLECTION

DE HOGEWEYK DEMENTIA VILLAGE

02 S TA G I N G

WEESP, NETHERLANDS Molenaar & Bol & VanDillen Architecten Completed: 2009

“Debatable in theory - true to life in practice”

‘Staging’ began with analysis and critique of a dementia care facility precedent –

REFLECTION POINTS (after conducting case study):

a renowned Dutch facility offering insights into the practicalities of these unique settings, and encouraged a reflection on current conventions of health-care

Homes distinguished by lifestyle: valuable and effective, but stereotypical/reductive and lacking longevity?

institutions in the UK. This was followed by in-depth site analysis of our project site in Newcastle, with a key focus on local context and surrounding amenities, to prompt ideas about bringing the wider community onto site. The project brief

Placement in distinctive lifestyle environments, but opportunity for integration remains - challenge UK’s institutional healthcare settings? (eg. Smaller kitchens instead of large canteen for all).

was then declared, including the specification of the facility function and type of occupants, and the identification of key concepts to guide the building design. Initial explorations of massing and programme drew briefly from the precedent study, and

Elderly care in the UK: too hesitant to challenge the accepted norms? (A foucs on reducing risk prioritised over creating pleasant, stimulating environments).

predominantly from the site analysis, with a particular emphasis on environmental conditions. Finally, an individual residential pod was designed, investigating

The power of nature & the outdoors: De Hogeweyk = 50% outdoors to reduce feelings of entrapment.

themes such as connection to the outdoors, flexibility, and identification – a ‘home away from home’ feeling. Within this, preliminary studies of materiality and the possibility for residential ‘clusters’ provided a transition to the subsequent chapter. 26

*page produced by presentation partner TT

PRECEDENT CASE STUDY PRESENTATION DE HOGEWEYK - CONTEXT

The Vialonga Elderly Day Care Centre in Lisbon, Portugal, adopts a bold form, and is wrapped with the same colour The Vialonga Elderly Day Care Centre in Lisbon, Portugal, over the entirety of its external skin; acting as a contrasting adopts a bold form, and is wrapped with the same colour reference point to its surroundings. We believe the over the entirety of its external skin; acting as a contrasting architects intended to challenge the common perception reference point to its surroundings. We believe the that older groups of society are forgotten or “hidden away”, architects intended to challenge the common perception thus providing a recognisable place for members of the that older groups of society are forgotten or “hidden away”, elderly to go to. a recognisable place for members of the thus providing elderly to go to. Feddersen and Ludtke (2014) ‘Architecture and Dementia; Lost in Space’ Feddersen and Ludtke (2014) ‘Architecture and Dementia; Lost in Space’

In contrast, De Hogeweyk Dementia Village takes an In contrast,approach. De Hogeweyk Dementia Village takesthat an alternative By identifying nearby facilities alternative approach. By identifying nearby facilities that form part of everyday society, such as schools, sports form partand of religious everyday buildings, society, such as schools, sports facilities, a desire for individuals facilities, and religious buildings, a desire for individuals with dementia to feel integrated with society becomes with dementia to feel integrated with society becomes evident. evident.

Fig. 10 De Hogeweyk Dementia Village adopts a similar, or lower, height compared to surrounding buildings, helping it to blend into, and become part of, the existing fabric.

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PRECEDENT CASE STUDY PRESENTATION DE HOGEWEYK - PROGRAMMATIC SUMMARY

PRECEDENT CASE STUDY PRESENTATION DE HOGEWEYK - ‘URBAN’ LIFESTYLE INVESTIGATION

Key organisational design observations relating to lifestyle type:

social | extraverted | involved

De Hogeweyk offers 7 different lifestyles: Goois (upper class), homey, Christian, artisan, Indonesian and cultural. Every home houses 6-8 people with the same lifestyle; this lifestyle is seen in the decor and layout of the house, the interaction in the group and with the members of staff, day to day activity and the way these activities are carried out.

Adjacency to public spaces, such as the supermarket, adheres to residents’ desire to be close to social activity. The village’s allowance of the public entering the village facilities, offers residents the opportunity to socially interact with a more diverse range of individuals.

This lifestyle revolves around community, with it aimed towards more outgoing personalities who benefit from sharing each aspect of life with others, thus culminating in a vibrant atmosphere. Afternoon drinks are followed by evening meals shared together. Trips outside of the village are often social and active, involving, for example, excursions to amusement parks, the theatre, the zoo, or the swimming pool. However, by acknowledging that individuals may not always want to be involved, residents have the choice to stay at home; perhaps reading a book or playing games.

The village also has streets, squares, gardens and a park where the residents can safely ‘roam free’. Just like any other village Hogeweyk offers a selection of facilities - a restaurant, a bar and a theatre. These facilities can be used by Hogeweyk residents and residents of the surrounding neighbourhoods, promoting greater social interaction.

www.hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com

Likewise, both ‘urban’ lifestyle homes face onto one of the largest outdoor spaces of the village; which is also the main ‘social’ courtyard, with more seating and activity space (highlighted) provided compared to other outdoor garden areas.

https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/en/

One ‘urban’ lifestyle home (located at ‘C’), has direct access to two courtyards, further supporting residents’ need to be social.

Large glazing facing the courtyard blurs the transition/provides a connection between interior and exterior activity.

One ‘urban’ lifestyle home sits at the village border, allowing residents to look out onto the public street outside. This visual contact with wider society helps to satisfy residents’ extraverted and involved nature.

Comfortable seating space around coffee table and television, encouraging residents to spend time together in communal areas. The home’s colourful and vibrant interior decoration reflects the personality of its residents.

Position of photograph capture on plan view

Fig. 11

Fig. 12 02

PRECEDENT CASE STUDY PRESENTATION

DE HOGEWEYK - OUTDOOR SPACES

DE HOGEWEYK - DESIGN CONCEPT & DETAIL

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The desire for the dementia village to become integrated into society and the surrounding context, is reflected through key design features. For example, running around the perimeter of the block, two-storey buildings are clad with a variety of different surface finishes.

De Hogeweyk has streets, squares, gardens and a park where residents are able to safely roam free. Hogeweyk offers a selection of facilities (restaurant, a bar, and a theatre) which can be used by Hogeweyk residents and residents of surrounding neighbourhoods. Moving freely inside and outside the spaces is a key design philosophy behind De Hogeweyk, as it gives patients greater autonomy and enables them to still have control over their day-to-day life.

The brick material depicted mimics the surrounding buildings, while the interchange of colours replicates a row of terraced houses.

Each of these outdoor spaces has a different purpose: for example, the theatre square is highly suitable for street theatre, whilst the main square can be used as a gathering space. Green areas, like those in the main square, help stimulate the well-being of the residents in various ways; green means relaxation, experiencing the seasons and good health. Landscape architect Niek Roozen was chief designer for the range of parks and gardens.

Feddersen and Ludtke (2014) â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Architecture and Dementia; Lost in Spaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Fig. 13 Fig. 16

https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/en/

As half of the development is outside, meaning residents must travel outside to reach all facilities, the inclusion of elevated walkways helps provide a more dynamic mode of travel. These walkways also enable the residents to see over the complex, providing relaxing and familiar spaces for promenading.

Fig. 14

Fig. 17

Fig. 15

Fig. 18

* New work produced after review

SITE ANALYSIS WIDER CONTEXT

SITE ANALYSIS NEARBY AMENITIES

* New work produced after review

SITE ANALYSIS RATIONALE FOR ADJACENT BUILDING RETENTION/DEMOLITION

SITE ANALYSIS RESPONDING TO EXISTING SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS

Continuous obstruction running length of Northern site boundary offers poor views for neighbouring houses (see photo to right). Permeability of building masses along this boundary must be improved, through, for example, the introduction of greenery/ landscaping to break up volumes and offer improved views/views through.

Large, imposing building block directly adjacent to area of minimal development (car park, field, etc.). Lower-rise building masses would provide a more human-scale and welcoming interaction with the adjacent street and areas.

In order to justify the removal of existing buildings, demonstrating an awareness and appreciation for the current spatial arrangement on site is necessary, so that any new design can respect the location by maintaining or reinforcing some key qualities of the site. Another part of analysing the current site is identifying aspects that aren’t successful, and thus should be avoided in future proposals.

A Current building form (with its length running along the northern site boundary) creates continuous obstruction for neighbouring houses. Breaking up any building masses placed along this border with outdoor/green areas would reduce the visual impact on the neighbouring buildings.

B Temporary ‘terrapin’ appearance, with no architectural features that could offer potential in future developments.

Opportunity to maintain and celebrate pedestrian access onto site from existing road. Its proximity to built-up, residential areas would also offer convenient access for wider community.

Design of building closes off East side of site to the public realm (Brighton Grove). A building mass with similar orientation and scale, but with altered design, could provide open and obvious entrance to site, in turn creating connection to public street and wider community.

Opportunity to maintain “street-way” running East to West; paying homage to previous building form and helping to reduce the institutional feel in favour for a more domestic setting. However, care must be taken to avoid a ‘tunnel’/corridor effect being created, which could occur if the current spatial arrangements were kept.

D Introduction of greenery into central areas of site break up the building masses; a feature of the current site that should be carried through to the new development.

Configuration with alley-way between buildings 5 and 6 has potential for future development of shop fronts, with opening created on Westgate Road and consequently connecting car parks to West of site with busier public street to East of site.

Acts as extension of historic building (see ‘7’), providing future function with more usable space.

Important to maintain grand, historic facade, with features such as arched entrance-ways, facing main road (Westgate Road).

SITE ANALYSIS

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

ROUTES & ACCESS

Thickness of route indicative of amount of vehicular movement, and of amount of noise generated as a consequence.

Area doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow for opportunities for pedestrians to rest or meet, and thus majority of noise is caused by vehicles.

SITE ANALYSIS

TEXTURES & MATERIALS

COMMUNITY FACILITIES Identifying community facilities in the surrounding area offers an impression of how the design can fit within, and provide a service for, the existing community. For this project in particular, a focus on facilities accommodating different ages and sub-groups within the population, alludes to how the new dementia facility could encourage intergenerational encounters and interaction between residents and the wider public.

By closely inspecting the site and its surroundings, valuable insights can be obtained regarding the existing material palette. With an acknowledgment of this, the future design can pay homage to such textures and patterns, thus aiding an integration with the surrounding context. Brick and limestone were particularly prevalent, with fragments of timber also visible - predominantly on existing buildings occupying the current site. Overall, the area’s material palette emits a traditional and naturalistic sense, with “modern” materials used sparingly.

* New work produced after review

PROJECT BRIEF DECLARATION KEY CONCEPTS & DRIVERS

* New work produced after review

PROJECT BRIEF DECLARATION KEY OCCUPANT PROFILE

This project, Grove Gardens, will provide an assistedliving care facility for individuals with dementia, providing them with the support they would be unable to receive at home, whilst striving to maintain quality of life and daily routines as far as possible. Blurred Boundaries

Residents will live in private residential rooms, with the possibility for aspects of the ‘home’ to be shared with others, such as kitchen or lounge areas. Staff will be available to assist residents 24-hours a day. Appointments with doctors, therapists, or other professionals will be accommodated in the facility, as will spaces for family visits and social activities. Members of the wider community will be brought onto site to accommodate intergenerational engagement.

frequent views & access to outdoors, & introduction of greenery on interior

I intend for my project to act as an assisted-living care facility for people with mid-stage dementia.

Insufficient connection to external environment

Residential ‘Units’ distinct from rest of facility building, also aiding identification & privacy Lack of ownership & sense of belonging

Circulation Route continuous wandering route without dead ends, opening up to functional & outdoor spaces Feelings of confinement & restriction

Moderate, or mid-stage dementia can be described as follows:

HEALTHCARE & ASSISTED-LIVING INSTITUTIONS

‘In this middle stage of dementia, which in most cases is the longest stage of the disease, brain damage is extensive enough that a person has trouble expressing their thoughts, performing daily tasks, and has more severe memory issues than in the earlier stage. An individual in this stage might not remember their address, might be unable to recall their personal history, and may get confused as to their location. Communication becomes difficult and the individual may lose track of their thoughts, may be unable to follow conversations, and may have trouble understanding what others are trying to communicate. Mood and behavior changes, such as aggressiveness, difficulty sleeping, depression, paranoia, repeating actions and / or words, hoarding, anger, wandering, incontinence, and frustration may be seen. This moderate stage of dementia, on average, lasts between 2 and 10 years.’

(ISSUES)

Dissolution of ‘homely’ and human setting

Residential Clusters smaller social groups, maintenance of daily routines & greater equality with staff

ARCHITECTURAL DRIVERS & TARGET ACHIEVEMENTS

Sensitivity to urban context

Separation from wider community & society

On-site Community Facility exposure to different generations & reduction of stigmas associated with the elderly & sick

Responsiveness to environmental conditions 02

Dementia is often conceived of as progressing in 3 stages: early, middle, and severe. Using these stages can aid decisions relating to treatment approaches, but often a more specific dementia stage is assigned to a patient based on symptoms.

Harmony between built & natural environment

One scale designed to offer a better understanding of the stages of cognitive decline is known as the ‘Reisberg Scale’, or the ‘Global Deterioration Scale for Assessment of Primary Degenerative Dementia’. This scale divides the disease into 7 stages according to the severity of cognitive decline, and is most appropriately used when assessing Alzheimer’s, as other types of dementia may not always include memory loss. ‘Moderately Severe Cognitive Decline’, known as Stage 5 on the Reisberg Scale, is described as follows: ‘People in this stage have major memory deficiencies and need some assistance to complete their daily living activities (dressing, bathing, preparing meals, etc.). Memory loss is more prominent and may include major relevant aspects of current lives. For example, people may not remember their address or phone number and may not know the time or day or where they are.’ Whilst placing individuals into these categories cannot be guaranteed to be accurate, and whilst those with mid-stage dementia could exhibit symptoms associated more with stage 4 or 6 on the Reisberg Scale, the description above offers deeper insights into the type of behaviour of residents living in this assisted-living centre, thus helping to ensure its facilities are designed sensitively and effectively.

Awareness of psychological response to scale

Based on the descriptions of mid-stage dementia provided, numerous considerations and requirements of the facility for residents can be developed:

Provide residential rooms that possess a sense of ‘home’ to accommodate residents staying for a long period of time. Personalisation, identification and a sense of ownership are crucial. Residents should be encouraged to maintain daily routines as much as possible, but help must be available from staff at all time. Offer opportunities for every-day activities with other residents. Provide access for all, so that the facility is suitable for wheelchair-users. Create settings for intergenerational engagement with members of the wider community.

Information sourced from: (Dementia Care Central, 2018)

INITIAL MASSING

PROGRAMME

INTERGENERATIONAL ENGAGEMENT

Drawing on the site analysis that identified community facilities in the vicinity, the graphic overleaf envisages how the new dementia facility could reach the wider community, specifically ways in which it could accommodate intergenerational engagement. For example: A coffee-shop open to dementia residents and the wider public would encourage interaction in a casual setting. An allotment on site would offer nearby residents with no garden (eg. in Vallum Court) access to green-space. A library would provide valuable additional resources for the many schools and education centres nearby. A ‘learning to read’ programme could be offered by the dementia facility residents for young school children. Not only would this benefit the development of an essential skill for the children, but the simple cognitive activity would also stimulate residents’ brain activity. A music room available to hire for schools or music teachers, providing the community with a useful facility, and the music produced would also be enjoyed by residents. A dance/yoga studio provides a valuable facility for the community, and would offer more able residents a physical activity, while those less able could enjoy watching, thus creating an interesting distraction.

After reflecting on numerous options for encouraging intergenerational engagement, I decided to draw on a few different aspects by developing a ‘Community Learning Centre’ (see poster to the right). Adjoined with this, a ‘winter-garden’ style area would extend the venues available space and would offer a natural and sensory environment, providing similar benefits to an outdoor setting.

INITIAL MASSING

PROGRAMME

INITIAL MASSING

PROGRAMME ORGANISATION DIAGRAMS

PROGRAMME

PROGRAMME ORGANISATION ON SITE

Following site analysis, producing programme organisation diagrams prompts more thorough thinking into the importance of key factors of each space required in the programmatic arrangement. While all areas of the facility will benefit from the provision of natural light for example, creating a hierarchy allows priority to be given to those spaces that rely on the characteristic more heavily. Furthermore, certain spaces will desire a range of different qualities (eg. communal spaces with various levels of privacy), and thus this must be considered at a later design stage. Overall, these diagrams can act as a fundamental guide when designing the intial programmatic arrangement in response to the site.

INITIAL MASSING

PROGRAMME

INITIAL MASSING

MASSING RESPONSE TO SITE

PROGRAMME

MASSING DEVELOPMENT

As a consequence of a thorough site analysis, numerous observations were made that require consideration during the initial massing explorations in response to climatic conditions and surrounding urban context, as demonstrated by the isometric and section diagrams.

KEY:

Firstly, the project massing must acknowledge the natural environment, by exploring how the potential for renewables, such as photovoltaics, could be realised (isometric diagram to the right):

CP = Car Park

With the tallest mass at position A, PVs would receive the maximum amount of sunlight available, due to higher positioning compared to adjacent buildings to the South. However, this height and location would prevent sunlight from reaching areas further North on site.

C(F) = Communal (Family) Area

E&R = Entrance & Reception

A = Activity Room

With the tallest mass at position B, the issue of blocking sunlight for the rest of the site would be avoided, whilst sunlight would still be accessible for PVs, provided no taller structures are placed in front. However, this scale and positioning would create a large visual obstruction to the neighbouring residential houses (see ‘X’). An opportunity for landscaping would provide a healthier division between the site and views from these residences.

RC = Residential Cluster T/C = Treatment/Consultation Room CY = Courtyard C = Communal Area

Secondly, observation of the site through sections reveals a subtle change in the built environment that the design can respond to:

F = Function Room (eg. faith/relaxation/sensory room)

Car parks and green areas sit to the West, while a high density of residential houses is found to the East. By adopting a gradual change in height from West to East, the form of the building would act as a visual transition between the two highly contrasting areas (demonstrated in Section A-A below).

S = Staff Area CLC&WG = Community Learning Centre & Winter Garden

KEY CONCEPTS:

Opportunity for photovoltaics

- Outdoor space separating different areas - including residential clusters, ensuring that all pods face onto open space rather than corridors. - Circulation spaces thought of as loops to enable movement (providing for those with wandering syndrome) without coming to dead ends. - Openings on East and West side allow flow of air and people across/through site (slightly staggered entrances avoids creation of wind tunnel). - Residential Clusters have relationship with residences beyond the north boundary, encouraging a ‘street’ feeling for residents, and reducing institutional feel (which could occur with clusters placed in centre).

NOTE: Different aspects of ‘Staging’ were worked on simultaneously. Therefore, concepts such as ‘residential clusters’ mentioned above, are introduced and explored later in portfolio as part of Residential Pod design. 48

INITIAL MASSING

PROGRAMME

INITIAL MASSING

MASSING DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMME

MASSING DEVELOPMENT

KEY CONCEPTS: - Improved connection and sense of community created between residential pods, while angled placement still offers level of privacy (see ‘1’).

Opportunity for double-skin facade to be utilised with a large space in-between the facades containing a winter-garden area (inspired by CDU Headquarters, Berlin).

- Removal of circulation route in what would be a dark, compressed area (possible tunnel effect) and with difficulties created for passive observation (see ‘2’ and compare with previous page massing arrangement).

The use of timber would help to blur the boundary between interior and exterior environments, while extensive glazing would flood interior with natural light.

- Heights are adjusted to create a gradual increase in height across site from West to East, and from South to North. - Heights of masses are altered to respond to neighbouring blocks - eg. two storey height reduced to one storey at ‘3’ to allow more sunlight to reach the residential cluster on the Northern perimeter. - Central blocks are cut away to reveal large central garden from which all outdoor circulation spaces lead off from (see ‘4’) - Entrance/reception is moved next to road to welcome visitors in, while car park can then be moved closer to the consulation rooms, staff areas, and outdoor areas, easing access for emergency services or disabled residents.

= patient circulation: Circulation pathways are designed as loops of different sizes, encouraging physical movement and providing for residents with wandering syndrome, while reducing the likelihood of getting lost due to absence of dead-ends. Gardens & courtyards leading off make circulation spaces less compressed.

= Main entrance’s position welcomes people in from the main road, while the low height creates a human scale.

3 = Green areas created between building masses, meaning all residential pods face onto outdoor spaces instead of corridors.

5 = Central garden from which all buildings and pathways revolve around.

7 = Opportunity for overhang,

2 = Vehicles taken behind entrance

4 = Curve of building guides people

6 = Two-storey volumes stepped down to one-storey at certain positions, allowing more sunlight to access the residential cluster on the northern boundary.

8 = Secondary entrance (pedestrian only) allowing direct access to public areas.

for easy access to entrance, consultation rooms/family rooms, and garden/courtyard.

round the corner, and avoids a ‘tunnel effect’.

creating sheltered outdoor space below.

INITIAL MASSING

PROGRAMME

INITIAL MASSING

PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMME

SUSTAINABLE BUILDING RESPONSE

1 inch of rainfall on 2,000 sq. ft. roof = 1,250 gallons of water

Running a sprinkler for 2 hours can use up to 500 gallons of water. (Aquascape, 2019)

SUSTAINABLE RESPONSE: RAINWATER HARVESTING Surrounding surface of appropriate material (eg. gravel) to deal with overflowing barrel.

REUSE - including watering winter garden, lawn, & indoor plants

CONCEPTUAL APPLICATION A sustainable response to an issue or need can also offer advantages for strengthening wider concepts or themes of the building design. For example, providing a larger roof surface area would increase the volume of rainwater colleted and reused, thus providing more sufficiently the water required for the winter garden and other green areas. In this vein, a larger roof structure flowing between different building masses (as demonstrated on the left) would create a greater visual unity, by helping to tie together the different areas of the dementia facility, while also providing some shelter over outdoor circulation spaces. to provide organic, sensory, and therapeutic environments for patients through the use of plants and green spaces.

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN

REFLECTION ON PREVIOUS WORK

DESIGN GUIDANCE FRAMEWORK Consider varying ceiling heights to reduce institutional feel, while lower ceiling heights may provide more domestic sense.

JEWISH MUSEUM CASE STUDY

PRIMER ‘SENSORY POD’ PROJECT

Inspired by the trip to ‘Roker and Mowbray Dementia Care Centre’, and drawing from official ‘Department of Health’ documents for designing dementia-friendly environments, creating a design guidance framework helped to summarise the key aspects for consideration when designing a residential pod. Furthermore, it encourages each design decision to be embedded in research and theory for further justification.

One key concept that was focused on during the Primer ‘sensory pod’ project, was the flexibility of interactive displays to accommodate different uses. For example, the aim of the ‘scent wall’ above was to create an activity stimulating patients’ olfactory sense, their cognitive function and memory as they attempt to guess the scent, and social interaction as they share the experience with others. The four panels were designed to rotate 180°, allowing the activity to be concealed, thus ensuring the activity would not be used by patients when supervision isn’t possible. The continuous wallpaper further enhanced the hiding of the activity.

The design for flexibility to accommodate different uses is a concept that I intend to take forward into the design of the dementia ‘residential pod’.

One key concept revealed while studying Libeskind’s Jewish Museum, was how the built form and spatial qualities of architecture can evoke certain feelings within the user. For example, Libeskind created a pathway that gradually contracted in size to make visitors feel compressed, restricted, and constrained, thus alluding to similar emotions experienced by Jews during the Holocaust. Additionally, as shown in the artwork above, Libeskind played with scale and light to produce a dramatic movement between spaces - from dark and enclosed to spacious and well-lit as the visitor ascends the staircase, reflecting an escape from the dark depths of Jewish history, and into the hope of the present day and future.

SPATIAL QUALITIES

DOORS

Provide privacy for patients, by reducing views into residential rooms, and consider privacy between entrance hallway and living space.

Consider vibrant colours to combat reduced perception of saturation experienced by dementia patients.

COLOUR PALETTE Avoid over-stimulation

THRESHOLDS

Provide contrast between surfaces and objects of functional value.

Colour-referencing system can help patients associate between room functions.

DESIGN GUIDANCE GLAZING

BED

VISUAL -Adopt ‘warm’ (spectrum 2700-3000K) and natural-appearing materials to reduce institutional feel.

Allow for personalisation

FURNITURE

MATERIAL PALETTE

DECORATION

This offers valuable insights into how the physical form of a space can evoke certain emotions. Looking forward to the dementia ‘residential pod’, it could be effective to explore how the design of the built-form can evoke feelings of comfort and “home”, amongst others emotions.

ACOUSTICS

- Location of toilet visible from bed. - Lights and emergency buttons accessible from bed. - Potential for bed to be moved outside.

TACTILE

- Suppress audio from neighbouring rooms.

- Provide interesting, textured surfaces to stimulate tactility. - Raw, natural surfaces such as timber contrast the pristine surfaces usually utilised in institutional settings.

Opportunity for interactive decor

Calming colours are suitable for bedrooms.

Reduce clutter: opportunity for furniture to be incorperated into building.

Support personalisation of space.

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN

FORM EXPLORATION

WINDOW SEAT CONCEPT RECREATING ‘HOME’

When working on the scale of an individual residential room, designing could be approached by first focusing on the intimate details of the space. However, I first wanted to explore if, even through the basic massing of the form, key concepts of the space could start to be revealed & strengthened. For example, just using a simple 3-dimensional volume; how can feelings of home be evoked? How can struggles experienced by dementia patients be minimised? How can adaptability be accomplished through design? These topics were explored through massing, as summarised by the diagrams.

Increasing volume height away from entrance creates transition from more compressed space (entrance) to more expansive space (living area) = living area feels more open and spacious.The difference in spatial qualities also produces psychological separation of spaces for residents - reducing institutional feel by offering greater resemblance to a home, with different areas having different functions. A partial barrier (eg. open shelving) between entrance and living area could further emphasise this separation.

One key aspect stemming from the precendent study of ‘De Hogeweyk Dementia Village’, was the creation of ‘lifestyle’ types to suit different types of people, generally through specific interior furnishings. This close attention to specific themes/styles has the danger of being reductive and lacking longevity. Instead of simply using decor or personal items, I was interested in exploring how the essence of “home” could be created, perhaps even subconsciously, through the built form itself, and looked to literature for guidance. This concept in particular also aligned with the emerging theme of ‘blurring the boundary between interior and exterior environments’.

“Home is particularly strongly felt when you look out from its enclosed privacy.”

EASING ORIENTATION Common issue reported = dementia sufferers forgetting where bathroom is located, causing confusion especially during the night. Thus, positioning en-suite directly in front of bed aims to minimise disorientation. Decreasing room volume height away from bed acts as subtle spatial cue to assist individuals with dementia - the change in ceiling height guiding their eyes down towards en-suite when laying horizontally in bed.

RESIDENTIAL POD

“The tendency of contemporary architecture to use glass walls eliminates the window as a framing and rationing device and weakens the essential tension between the home and the world.”

“The strongest and most pleasurable experience of home occurs during a heavy storm when rain beats against the roof, magnifying the feeling of warmth and protection. At the same time the beating of rain just a foot away from my skin puts me in direct contact with primal elements.”

Juhani Pallasmaa (Identity, Intimacy and Domicile - Notes on the Phenomenlogy of Home)

PLAN PARTI REFERENCE DIAGRAM

OFFERING ADAPTABILITY Two volume height changes described above result in form diagrammed to the left. Resultant roof form slopes away from facade C (main facade with glazing facing outdoor space). Insertion of skylight ensures daylight can enter from opposite direction to light entering through facade C. Therefore, pod can be orientated in numerous directions while maintaining daylight access, offering flexibility for pod placement on site.

A) Entrance from main building B) Connection to neighbouring pod C) Facing open, green space D) Connection to neighbouring pod

Digital artwork based on window seat by Archterra Architects (Modern Farm House Project), with inspiration from Inbetween Architects (Inbetween House), Breathe Architects (Prospect House), and GKMP Architects (Housing Extension).

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN

MOVING BED CONCEPT

FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT

A crucial part of making residents feel comfortable and “at home” in the places they inhabit, is ensuring a level of flexibility that accommodates their needs/desires regarding how they live.

Drawing on the numerous concepts explored through the design development process so far, creating initial floor plans helps to test out ideas.

For example, whilst the numerous benefits associated with being outdoors are known, providing this access for all is not always addressed. Bed-ridden residents in particular may struggle getting access. This detail exploration investigates how this could be considered during early design phases.

Summary of key concepts to consider:

Shelving wedged between two walls offers space for personal items to be displayed. Its positioning in front of the door helps residents identify with the room if disorientated.

Furthermore, the partial separation between entrance and living space allows staff to see if the resident is in bed (see arrow on diagram), whilst still offering a level of privacy.

- Separation of entrance and living spaces. - Toilet directly in front of/visible from bed. Staff view

- Window seat framing view of outside.

Curve of furniture (shelving & wardrobe) guides resident round corner and into living area.

- Bed visible from door to allow staff to see resident. Movement Possibilities:

- Opportunity for bed to be moved outside.

A) Bed is cantilevered from the wall. Two linear track mechanisms are required, and must be built onto a concrete wall/steel frame (to support load) during the construction phase.

- Introduce “journey” from entrance into room to mimic feelings associated with entering home.

B) Bed rests on wheels. Only one linear track mechanism is required to guide bed along wall. Bottom of bi-fold doors must be flush to interior and exterior floor surfaces to allow smooth movement of wheels over the threshold. This option is preferred, as it allows bed to be moved out of room in case of emergency.

Wall and shelving provide separation between entrance and living spaces.

Sliding door avoids room being taken up by door swing, as well as making it easier to open from a wheelchair.

PLAN SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT PARTI DIAGRAMS:

Note: Custom-made door frame required in order to ensure airtight closure between door and wall, around linear track mechanism.

KEY

Positioning of seating, bed and table surfaces encourages interaction between guests & resident, even if resident is bed-ridden.

1 = Entrance 2 = En-suite 3 = Bed area 4 = Window Seat 5 = Seating 6 = Storage

Direction of bed movement

Patio/terrace offers covered, outdoor space for resident’s use. Movement of bed allows access if bed-ridden.

Thicker exterior wall allows a window-seat to be set into the facade.

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN

CONNECTIVITY

1:50 FORM MODELS

POD A

POD B

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN

joining of two pods (outdoor storage/ seating/garden feature).

adjacent to one another for ease of services.

En-suite (toilet & wash basin)

Bi-fold opening for sliding bed

Outoodr storage/seating/feature

Outdoor patio

Bathroom/storage room

Window seat

Sloped form in two directions

2 = Covered, outdoor space created by the

1a&b = Residential Pod En-Suites positioned

Residential pod entrance

3 = Large, indoor space created by the joining of two pods (bathroom/ wetroom/storage space).

An issue commonly mentioned by staff during our visits to dementia facilities, was the impracticality of spatial arragements. The dispersed locations of residential rooms, bathrooms/ wetrooms, and storage rooms can make tasks, such as bathing, more difficult for staff. Often, multiple staff members are required due to the impractical positioning of the rooms. By accommodating these facilities in close proximity, as a direct consequence of connecting two residential pods, the routines of residents and staff can be eased.

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN

CLUSTER CONFIGURATION

Taking inspiration from De Hogeweyk’s use of ‘lifestyle’ types to house residents in less institutional settings:

A residential cluster can be created from combining 4 identical residential pods. Aside from having their own individual en-suite room, each of the four residents belonging to a cluster have access to a joint communal area, consisting of a kitchen/dining area and lounge area.

Benefits of a ‘cluster configuration’ system: Social Flexibility: Breaking the total population down into smaller social groups provides less institutional group sizes, benefitting those intimidated in larger social gatherings. Instead, close bonds can be formed with others in the same cluster, the success of which can be strengthened by placing residents with people with similar personality traits or interests. Clusters could also be designated according to gender, physical ability, or severity of dementia, if deemed necessary by staff. The design of the residential clusters allows free movement between the facility’s circulation spaces and the cluster’s communal areas. Thus, residents are not restricted, but can interact with different people, and in different settings, if desired.

Resident-centred: The creation of clusters also adheres to a resident-centred approach. In a similar manner to ‘De Hogeweyk Dementia Village’, each cluster has staff members based there at all hours, to observe and help, including cooking meals in the kitchen. Diffusing the separation between staff and residents, and allowing them to integrate in a more homely environment, reduces the institutional feel of the facility. Kitchen access also provides occupational therapy, offering physical and mental stimulation, while staff are able to assess the resident’s capabilities - which may be valuable in deciding the residents’s next destination after this dementia facility.

Possible Configurations:

RESIDENTIAL POD

PAIR (CONNECTIVITY)

CLUSTER

COMMUNITY

1) + Creates “street-like” feel with pods aligned adjacent to one another. 1) + More privacy for pod entrances. 1) - Creates tunnel effect with long corridor. 2) + Creates pods with different entrances and views out. 2) + More open, central and inclusive communal space. 2) - Pod entrances open up straight into communal space - less privacy.

KEY A = Residential Pod

E1 = Kitchen/Dining

B = Outdoor storage/seating/feature

E2 = Lounge

C = Bathroom (with shower & bath)

F = Connection to outdoor space

D = Storage Room

G = Connection to rest of building

E = Communal Area 62

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN

FLOOR PLAN

AXONOMETRIC SUMMARY OF DESIGN FEATURES

Partial separation created between entrance and main living space with open shelving, providing a more homely and less institutional feel, while maintaining the crucial view of staff from the door to the bed.

1) Identification

2) Safety

3) Privacy/Personalisation

4) Practicality

5) Flexibility/Privacy

6) Flexibility

7) Suitability

Display cabinet at entrance for residents to place a personal item - helps orientation and makes pod feel more like “home” due to familiar object.

Door aligned with bed head, allowing staff to see resident bed, through the partial barrier (shelves at 3).

Shelving acts as partial barrier, maintaining staff view, while still offering level of privacy to living area of pod. Residents have opportunity to contribute to display through personal items.

Design of storage units reduces clutter, and minimises risk of accidents (eg. storage unit falling). At 4, shoe rack is provided, the top of which also acts as bed-side table on opposite side.

Back of wardrobe facing bed provides coat hangers close to the entrance, while also acting as a barrier and thus seperating entrance and living spaces creating more “homely” feel.

Mirror on end of wardobe can be turned around, making pod more suitable for residents who may feel distressed by reflections.

Next to door, thermostat, clock, and digital date display provide valuable information to staff and residents.

8) Practicality

9) Practicality/Safety

10) Suitability

11) Suitability

12) Comfort

13) Suitability

14) Flexibility/Suitability

Built-in furniture units (reducing clutter & improving safety) provide crucial storage space, and offer space for displaying personal items helping to make room feel less institutional and to trigger memories.

Curved built-in wardrobe acts as a spatial cue - smooth movement round corner of room encouraging resident to move round into the main living area. Avoidance of rightangles where possible also provides safer space.

Positioning of seating offers views through both windows, and eases interaction between visitors & bed-ridden residents.

En-suite located opposite bed, aiding residents feeling confused and disorientated during at night. Sliding door eases use for wheelchair-users.

Window seat offers comfortable space for residents, & diffuses separation between interior and exterior environments.

Bi-fold doors slide back to allow patio access could consist of ‘smart-glass’ = manually controlled to switch from transparent to opaque. Residents can therefore gain benefits of daylight and views into nature during day, but reflections can also be avoided during night, to reduce aditation for certain residents.

Sliding bed mechanism allows bed-ridden residents patio access - receive same opportunities and benefits as able-bodied individuals = suitable for a wide range of patients, giving the design longevity.

Direct view from bed to toilet.

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN 1:20 INTERIOR MODEL

* Updated work: replacement of previously incorrect simulation visuals.

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

* Updated work: addition of analysis through perspective simulations.

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

Glazing Positioning: Windows placed on 2/4 walls, and roof shape directs skylight to opposite direction from windows = daylight from different orientations intends to provide resident with a circadian rhythm.

A closer inspection of the interior space using perspective images offers a greater indication of the suitability of the spatial arrangement. (Simulations below are with South-facing room. East-facing rooms would have similar effect to one below but during morning, while West-facing rooms would have similar effect during afternoon/evening. While the previous page demonstrated little impact of changing orientation on daylight during overcast conditions, brighter conditions perhaps warrant avoiding North-facing rooms).

Observations/Evaluation: A) Position of bed >1m away from the main glazing ensures resident in bed is protected from most intense light, while still receiving sufficient exposure.

TARGET ILLUMINANCE 200 LUX: Interiors occupied for long periods, or for visual tasks requiring some perception of detail.

The difference between summer solstice and equinox is minimal, as summer sun cannot penetrate as deeply into room due to roof overhang = successful. Observations/Evaluation: B) More natural light offered to seated area due to positioning in line of window. Suitability: 200 LUX is ideal for interiors occupied for long periods, or for visual tasks requiring some perception of detail. Therefore, by referring to the LUX scale and the series of floorplans, it can be concluded that these conditions are achieved by the residential pod design.

LUX floor plans created using project location of Newcastle, UK, and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Standard CIE Overcast Skyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; for more accurate simulation of setting.

D) Area receiving least amount of light is also the area where the least time will be spent. The design and arrangement of furniture mean this space will only be used as transition space from door to main area, or to access storage units.

Flexibility: Due to the overcast sky used for the illuminance simulations (more realistic conditions for Newcastle, UK), the LUX levels show little to no change regardless of which way the residential pod is orientated. This offers a level of flexibility for the dementia facility design, as the pod can be orientated in numerous positions without compromising greatly on lighting.

(All images created for midday - 12pm)

C) Bed-side area receives sufficient light for activities such as reading, looking at shelf items, putting on watch etc.

Effectiveness of Design Feature: During the summer months, the outdoor terrace becomes a bright, light and warm space in the outdoor environment while still being sheltered from precipitation, while the roof overhang is effective in shielding the indoor space from the more intense light (as explored in the technical details).

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN

TECHNICAL DETAILS

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY

NATURAL VENTILATION

LIGHTING

Door Height Aid ing Ventilation Inspired by Heinrich Böll Stiftung Building, Berlin, by E2A Architekten.

PARTI PLAN

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR Due t o the relatively l ow c eiling h eight a t the entrance, the door opening extends almost the full h eight o f the wall. Therefore, there is a full ‘column’ o f air exchange each time the door is opened.

Sun Angle Calculations & Overhang Shading

SINGLE SIDED (section a-a)

FULL

Latitude of N ewcastle: 54 .98°

SU N

Correction of Ear th’s tilt: 23.5°

ES UN

S = 90 - (5 4.98 - 23.5) = 58.52°

LIT

Summer Sun Angle = 90 - (lat. - corr ection)

CROSS (section b-b )

IN A TR TIO

W = 90 - (5 4.98 + 23.5) = 11.52°

FIL

Winter Sun Angle = 90 - (lat. + cor rection)

PA RT

Changes made to pod structure between Staging & Synthesis: LS

- Change from glulam timber roof structure to CLT panels.

- Change from horizontal timber cladding to vertical, to provide visual contrast to horizontality of limestone cladding.

Equinox = E = 35.02°

UPFLOW (section c- c) 70

RESIDENTIAL POD DESIGN RENDERS

* Updated work (interior render): Interior wall changed from blue/green (intended to induce feelings of calm and relaxation) to warmer colour, due to unsuitability of blues for residents with depression. Glass coverings added to shelving, to prevent residents removing small objects. Instead, the glass cases could be opened/closed by staff, while residents are still able to view their personal items. Bed mattress changed to be flush with bed-frame to avoid potential injury. Observation: exterior ‘column’ supporting roof overhang may create strong shadow on interior.

The material palette was chosen in response to site analysis of the existing urban environment, as well as to research regarding the alleviation of symptoms in dementia sufferers. The limestone pays homage to the buildings that once occupied the site, as well as the remaining buildings bordering the southern boundary. The timber, used throughout the interior and exterior, blurs the boundary between indoors and outdoors. Thus, a harmony is achieved between the two environments, which is even experienced by bed-ridden residents. The raw, natural texture and appearance of the aforementioned materials also offer a sensory and organic setting for residents to spend time in. On the interior, the delicate balance between light and shadow can be observed, provided by the numerous glazed openings - the positions of which aim to provide daylight at different times of day, thus tapping into the resident’s circadian rhythm. The colour-palette is also carefully chosen in response to research (displayed in the ‘Pod Design Guidance Framework’). A colourreferencing scheme could help residents distinguish rooms and their intended functions. Sufficient contrast is provided between different surfaces such as walls and furniture, while over-stimulation through pattern or colour is avoided.

THINKING THROUGH MAKING WEEK 1:10 DYNAMIC TIMBER FACADE - CONCEPT

While the benefits of the outdoors for health and wellbeing are extensively known, a disconnect between interior and exterior environments is commonly present in institutional settings. This dynamic facade study explores the potential for interior spaces to ‘open up’ to the outside, thus blurring the seperation between environments and offering a seemless transition for users. The folding device also provides shading while open, reducing the penetration distance of the intense midday sunlight on the interior. When outdoor conditions do not favour an open facade, the aesthetics created by the use of light and materiality emit a sense of security, enclosure and warmth from the inside. In hindsight, this final point regarding atmosphere as a consequence of lighting and materiality was the most influential on my final design project. The vertical timber louvers adopted on the entrance facade serve a functional purpose by reducing glare, whilst also giving the facade an almost translucent appearance, similar to the folding portion of this facade study - revealing glimpses of movement and activity between interior and exterior spaces, and creating an inviting glow.

03 R E A L I S AT I O N

‘Realisation’ built on the initial massing and programme ideas explored thus far, by presenting a critical approach to the design, substantiated by interpretations of dementia-related design, and introduction to environmental analysis tools. In particular, sunlight availability; the theme of providing a connection to the outdoors; the concept of residential ‘clusters’; and the provision of a resident ‘wandering route’, were instrumental in guiding the design development – ultimately leading to a facility ‘punctured’ with several courtyards and gardens. Material and structural strategies were defined in alignment with the key concepts and drivers established in ‘Staging’, and began to inform the inhabitation of spaces. Creating a sense of intrigue through sustainable design responses was also investigated, through initial explorations of rainwater harvesting, green-roofing and photovoltaics.

THINKING THROUGH MAKING WEEK

1:10 DYNAMIC TIMBER FACADE - PROCESS

1:10 DYNAMIC TIMBER FACADE - FINAL MODEL

Construction Process Summary:

More detailed pieces (eg. with thin grooves cut for sliding action) and frequently-repeated pieces of the timber frame are laser cut.

Additional components for timber frame are cut with band saw.

Components with chamfered cross-section (eg. at folding hinge) are modified with electric sander.

Following erection of timber frame, hinges are screwed into the folding door. The groove for a plastic rod to slide up and down in as part of the folding movement can be seen in the background.

Thin balsa wood is cut into strips and applied to the timber frame as cladding.

INITIAL MASSING

PROGRAMME

INITIAL MASSING

STAGING PROPOSAL SELF-CRITIQUE

Move development back from Brighton Grove, encouraging people to venture onto site before entering building, thus diffusing the separation between site & existing surroundings. This action would also ensure new development doesn’t dominate/overpower existing limestone buildings from street view.

Explore options with vertical heights. For example, some residential pods could be placed on first floor to ensure residences have different properties/qualities, thus accommodating for a wider range of resident desires. This action would also strengthen the change in height across site from West to East.

PROGRAMME

STAGING PROPOSAL SELF-CRITIQUE Feedback from the Staging Review suggested that the initial massing arrangement in response to the site felt disjointed, and that approaching the task with a different method may allow the design to progress.

Elderly/Healthcare Typology utilising same massing strategy:

Numerous precedents appear to begin with a large volume or mass that defines the site, before ‘puncturing’ the volume to create outdoor courtyards and gardens. Following this method maintains the provision of sufficient outdoor space desired in the initial massing exploration, but creates a more unified design.

Improved enclosure & security created from outdoor spaces being in centre of building masses, providing occupants with outdoor access without increasing opportunities to exit site.

Have singular main entrance to more easily control the movement of people into and out of site. Locating main entrance by busier pedestrian street (Brighton Grove) would create better connection to existing community, thus encouraging public to enter.

Increased daylight & view of outdoors provided to interior spaces that would otherwise be a great distance from the exterior environment.

Courtyards with different qualities created (size, scale, sense of enclosure, amount of privacy etc.), allowing each to encourage particular activities - occupants have variety of outdoor spaces to choose from. Reorientate building masses to create more designated/defined outdoor spaces between residential clusters, thus providing residents with ‘neighbours’ opposite to them.

Second entrance/exit near car parks can ease access for deliveries and staff, but entry would need to be more discrete and more carefully controlled (eg. don’t give residents access).

Move from numerous interconnecting gardens near centre to one main courtyard/ garden in centre, thus improving passive observation and sense of community with creation of ‘village square’.

Improved passive observation, as numerous interior spaces where staff and visitors will be, can look onto the same outdoor space. Further passive observation can be provided from one interior space to another, if exterior walls to outdoor spaces are glazed.

MASSING

PROGRAMME STRATEGY

MASSING

ISOMETRIC DIAGRAM

PROGRAMME STRATEGY

KEY ASPECTS

CENTRAL COURTYARD

RESIDENTIAL SPACES

ENTRANCE AREA

Main courtyard located centrally = feeling of ‘village square/centre’, passive observation offered from all sides, & enclosed (improved security and sheltered from winds - inspired by Jewish Museum Berlin form).

Residential clusters ‘branch off’ from main areas = more privacy (greater separation from public areas), & all residential pods face outdoor space (improved views & access to natural light) instead of interior circulation spaces.

Entrance stepped back from street edge = creates space for parking, bike storage & green space (encouraging public to venture onto site before having to enter building), & prevents new development from dominating/over-powering existing adjacent building from street-view.

LINK TO SURROUNDINGS

FIRST-STOREY PLACEMENT

PUBLIC CONNECTIVITY

Location of residential clusters on northern boundary = residential link created with existing terraced houses. Green spaces interspersed on northern boundary = reduces negative visual impact on existing terraced houses.

Placement of staff areas on first floor = less accessible for residents & public, passive observation from above, quick access from consultation/examination/meeting rooms, & positioned between both entrances.

Public areas (Community Learning Centre & winter garden) located close to Brighton Grove = easiy accessible for wider community.

Placement of staff areas & public areas on first floor = opportunities for first floor balcony/garden/ outdoor area overlooking main courtyard.

MASSING

PROGRAMME STRATEGY

MASSING DEVELOPMENT

SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

1:500 MASSING MODEL IN CONTEXT

MASSING PROPOSAL IN CONTEXT

SITE IN CONTEXT - EXISTING CONDITION

FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT

MASSING DEVELOPMENT

EARLY ITERATION IN RESPONSE TO MASSING

SKETCH EXPLORATION IN RESPONSE TO MASSING

MASSING DEVELOPMENT

TESTING PROPOSAL WITH IESVE

CRITICAL RESPONSE TO IESVE TESTING

1 2500mm

Shadow analysis series created using project location of Newcastle, UK for more accurate simulation of setting.

6000mm

Section a-a

Existing Building

E W

Current situation:

Block 1 causes shadowing on central courtyard.

Overshadowing of residential courtyard between clusters.

Courtyard

Block 1

Approximate Site Boundary

Current situation:

Width of outdoor space = 4500mm

A B

S A = Equinox (12pm) shadow

Desired outcome: Increase amount of daylight accessing lower parts of Block 1 (on the north side), and central courtyard.

8000mm

B = Summer solstice (12pm) shadow

Strategy:

Winter solstice (12pm) - whole area + surroundings in shadow

Move residential clusters further apart

S = Summer solstice sun angle E = Equinox sun angle

Desired outcome:

Blue = Stack ventilation achieved

Strategy:

Introduce glazing in roof

Manipulate roofscape

3 a b

Current situation:

Desired outcome:

Depth of Block x, y, z makes

Increase amount of daylight accessing parts y and z of block.

access spaces further north from courtyard.

(not of equal scale)

Adopt mezzanine on interior (open

Larger proportion of residential courtyard remains out of shade, and increased size offers greater potential for function/activity (eg. alotment, picnic benches, lawn game).

Strategy: Reduce overall height (from double-height space to 1.5x space)

Manipulate roofscape

4500mm

Glaze upper sections to allow light and views through Block 1

Courtyard

Section b-b

Areas to be cautious of as the design progresses (eg. adjust massing, manipulate roofscape, or introduce strategic glazing)

x = function room (4000mm) y = circulation space (3000mm) space (3000mm)

Current situation: Opportunity for rainwater run-off, collection & re-use.

3000mm

Block 4 sometimes casts a shadow over the adjacent street of terraced houses to the north, predominantly during winter months & afternoon hours during the months near the equinoxes (see IESVE analysis opposite).

6000mm 3000mm

Current intentions: OR

Strategy: Manipulate roofscape

3 86

Desired outcome: S = Summer solstice sun angle

Introduce clerestories

Right option: doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t enter interior space E = Equinox sun angle W = Winter solstice sun angle

Reduce over-shadowing on adjacent terraced houses, and reduce negative visual impact from those houses (improve views).

or vice versa.

3000mm 6000mm

4 03

MATERIAL STRATEGY

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY & DESIGN LANGAUGE

PALETTE JUSTIFICATION

PRECEDENT INSPIRATION

1) CROSS-LAMINATED & GLUE-LAMINATED TIMBER Commonly produced from spruce & fir. CLT can be used for all elements of building structure, while Glulam is typically used for structural frames, beams, columns etc. Low embodied energy & visually embrace idea of sustainability. Use of timber throughout interior & exterior aids the blurring of interior & exterior environments, creating a harmony between the two.

2) LARCH CLADDING Locally sourced (from Scottish manufacturer), reducing travel distance required. No further processes or treatments needed, and has lifespan of 50+ if maintained. Stronger than Scots pine, robust, & small movement. Can be stained to create darker tones that offer greater contrast to lightness of limestone and exposed timber structure.

Fig. 19

Fig. 20

3) LIMESTONE Adopting same material as existing buildings adjacent to site visually ties new development to existing context. Stone veneer cladding system (eg. from Taylor Maxwell) produces visual of traditional masonry construction, while having the application speed and reduced cost of a cladding system.

Fig. 24

Architect: Hawkins\Brown

Architect: Halliday Fraser Munro

Building: Swimming Pool

Building: Turriff Primary School

Location: Ashtead, Surrey, UK

Location: Turriff, Aberdeenshire, UK

Completed: 2017

Information sourced from (TRADA, 2018)

External wall & window detail section

4) GLASS

Architect: DLM Architects (Left) Rundell Associates (Right) Building: Private Residence (Left) West Buckland School (Right)

Fig. 22

Expansive use contrasting more traditional timber & stone creates contemporary design language. Allows a greater reliance on natural daylight and seeks to connect interior spaces with natural outdoor environment. Can be made into matte translucent glass by insulating with semitransparent fibers - allowing light from opposite side to appear diffused/uniform, reducing sharpness of shadows for dementiasufferers, and offering greater privacy/sense of intrigue. Louvers applied across glazed elements could offer similar impacts to above, while perhaps being more readily available.

Information sourced from (G-frame, 2012)

Fig. 23

Location: St Peter Port, Guernsey (Left); Devon,UK (Right) Completed: 2017 (Left) 2010 (Right)

5) PAINTED INTERNAL FINISHES

Fig. 25

Allow splashes of colour to contrast the natural textures of timber and stone. Colour can be used to draw attention to certain areas, easing dementia suffererâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s understanding of surroundings. Colour could be used to evoke certain mood related to function of space (colour-referencing system). Warm and earthy visual properties of red/orange hues produce associations with nature.

Architect: CaSA Architects Building: Private Residence

Structural isometric Fig. 21

Location: Frome, Somerset, UK Completed: (unknown) 5

6) NATURE

Use of nature throughout (eg. green roofs, outdoor gardens, indoor greenery) further aids the blurring of interior & exterior. Green hues produce associations with health, energy, nature and growth.

Fig. 26

Form diagram 03

1 = zinc cladding 2 = foamed glass insulation 3 = 80mm CLT panel 4 = glulam column (1020x220mm) 5 = curtain wall glazing (recessed)

Fig. 27 03

1) Visual solidity of stone embodies sense of protection and security. 2) Relationship between stone and timber creates sense of contemporary vision emerging from more traditional/vernacular forms. 3) Full-height glazing increases visual permeability of facades and connects interior and exterior spaces. 4) Continuation of frame away from facade (roof overhang and columns) helps to blur boundary between interior and exterior environments.

FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT

PUBLIC JOURNEY INTO BUILDING

REVISED LAYOUT IN RESPONSE TO DEVELOPMENTS

Space for bicycle storage

ENTRANCE

Pedestrian Entrance Pathway

Visitors enter into corridor-like space COURTYARD

RECEPTION

WAITING AREA

Space for ambulance bay, drop-off/disabled parking

WINTER GARDEN SPACE

ENTRANCE

‘Bulge’ allows seating to be provided along glazed facade, while the curve subtly prompts movement either left (to waiting area) or right (to CLC). Views into central courtyard are maintained.

COURTYARD

OFFICES / EXAMINATION / CONSULTATION

Pedestrian steps to entrance

RECEPTION

WAITING AREA Space for drop-off/ disabled parking

TOILETS

OFFICES / EXAMINATION / CONSULTATION

Gradual curve of facade offers pedestrians a more gradual transition from public to building. As the pedestrian follows the path, a sense of intrigue is created as more of the building interior is revealed as their journey to the entrance ensues.

Space for bicycle storage

TOILETS

Elevation greeting public (East-facing) appears too rigid.

COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTRE

Pedestrian Entrance Pathway

BRIGHTON GROVE

WINTER GARDEN SPACE

Opportunity to extend roof structure along curve further welcoming public in (faded horizontal lines along pathway).

BRIGHTON GROVE

COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTRE

INTERMEDIATE SPACE between public sstreet and semi-private building, helping to s mooth the transition between the two zones.

PAVEMENT

WINTER GARDEN SPACE

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTRANCE PLAN

PAVEMENT

ORIGINAL ENTRANCE PLAN

Discrete ambulance bay for privacy & dignity - direct access from examination room, avoiding main public entrance/exit.

DASHED (black) = 1.2m change in site height 03

9am

FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT

CLUSTER CONFIGURATION ITERATIONS

TESTING NEW CLUSTER CONFIGURATION

12pm

ALTERNATIVE OPTION (rotation ‘outwards’):

CONCLUSIONS drawn from IESVE analysis: - bedroom facade in question will have sunlight majority of the year (summer & equinox months) during the morning and midday.

Residential garden

Storage

- during winter months, bedroom facade receives some light at midday (shadow caused by circulation space to east of room).

3pm

Possible ways to improve daylight access during this period: Shared living area

9am

ANALYSIS of iterations over-leaf:

12pm Residential garden Increase distance between circulation space and residential bedroom by extending ‘entrance’ to cluster. Increasing entrance width may make threshold more inhabitable (eg. seating area)

3pm Storage

Shared living area 9am cluster shared living

cluster ‘entrance’

circulation space

Pitch roof of circulation space to reduce height and consequently reduce amount of shadow on main facade of bedroom. 12pm Designing with an awareness of people’s individual (& unique) requirements, preferences, daily routines, interests etc. = different residential bedrooms facing different directions have different view, accommodating a variety of resident needs/desires. Eg: - bedroom facing outdoor space & circulation space = resident that requires more observation from staff. - bedroom facing public road to West = resident that enjoys more privacy and people-watching (connection to outside world).

Residential garden = alternative entrance to residential bedroom required, while maintaining other qualities of room design. = direction of views out through main facade 3pm = potential issue: overshadowing of circulation space onto bedroom facade = explored using IESVE analysis.

FORM DEVELOPMENT

1:500 MASSING MODEL IN CONTEXT

COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTRE

Using 1:500 site and massing models to explore roofscape design predominantly responding to environmental conditions, including: - pitched roofs to allow sunlight to penetrate deeper into spaces - possible location of photovoltaics Flat, green roofs amongst pitches - thermal & rainwater benefits, improved views from first floor spaces, & introduce greenery within a densely developed area.

Drop away roofscape to reduce over-shadowing on terraces to north of site.

CURVE

SLOPE

PITCH

UNDULATE

Smooth transition b etween public s treet & semi-private building.

Emphasise change in height across site from S to N in response to sunlight

Direct rainwater down to sides of building for collection and possible re-use.

Create more suitable pitch & surface areas for photovoltaics. Reduce overshadowing on residential terraces to the North of building.

Welcome visitors in, sense of intrigue & reveal .

Mimic roofscape of surrounding traditional buildings, coming together of various pitched roofs.

Opportunity for ‘flowing’ roof to continue over terrace - covered outdoor space & better visuals from East elevation?

TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS S1 h

Pitch = 14° S2 MAX h requirement: S1 = 6600mm S2 = 9500mm

Mimic pitch of adjacent block for consistency when viewing East elevation.

Therefore h = 1238mm

MAX

Opportunity for structure to inform design: use depth of glulam structure required for functional uses - inhabit with quiet-study desks or cosy seating.

MIN h requirement: S1 = 4132mm S2 = 6042mm

MIN

Glulam por tal f rame structure

Therefore h = 782mm 03

FORM DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTRE

* New work produced after review

FORM DEVELOPMENT 1:100 COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTRE MODEL

Physically modelling the simplified curving roof form and glulam portal frame structure offered a greater spatial understanding of the proposal. The subtlety of the curve will be visually more cohesive with the left-hand side of the East elevation (see illustration overleaf). The spacing of the portal frame columns are adjusted to create a more obvious rhythm, which is carried through to the interior. Here, the open space offered by the timber frame aids flexibility and passive surveillance, while the visual lines of the structure result in a clean, bright and minimal aesthetic.

Testing & analysing the entrance design (view from Brighton Grove) through illustration of East-facing elevation:

greater opportunity for continuing canopy due to horizontality. faceted exponential curve

Reduce rigidity of columns, by making gradual decrease in spacing (from entrance) more obvious visually. North Elevation

Improve visual relationship between the two masses, through use of facade materials and glazing positioning.

Opporunity for curve in plan to be translated through to elevation, instead of being formed from various peaks.

East Elevation

RESOLVED DESIGN FOR REVIEW

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Dementia resident ‘wandering route’ ‘Rest’ spaces along route, providing residents with opportunities to take a break. ‘Breakout’ spaces along route, reducing restriction common in circulation spaces of institutional buildings. Artificial lighting required to reduce impact of reflections causing potential distress in residents.

RESOLVED DESIGN FOR REVIEW

AERIAL PERSPECTIVES

PERSPECTIVE SECTION A-A

STAFF SUPPLIES

achieved through the design of a

other staff areas, making them less accessible to residents, and providing views down into ground

DAYLIGHT & VENTILATION building heights, roofscape form, and interior spatial arrangements allow for sunlight to penetrate deeper into building, including down to ground

with views out into courtyard, in turn allowing people to look in from the courtyard (distraction therapy).

being overlooked by staff areas on mezzanine (passive observation).

views down into site and into surroundings. More suitable for younger/more-able/earlier-stage dementia residents, or for visitors staying overnight.

GROCERY SHOP

SEATING

around which a circular wandering route can be established, with views to the outside frequently provided. A central water feature acts as a community focal point.

CIRCULATION SPACE

remains open to circulation space to relieve institutional feel, with option for translucent ‘screen’ to be pulled across when privacy is required.

ACTIVITY/PT STUDIO

CENTRAL COURTYARD

OFFICE/MEETING

RESIDENTIAL PODS

encourages residents to continue with daily activities and routines under supervision of staff. Also accessible to members of public through winter garden, increasing opportunities for intergenerational interaction.

provides breakout/rest space along wandering route, and provides opportunity for inside space to be opened up to outside when suitable.

2 8 4

4 1 2

A 100

B) Public vs Private Semi-public (accessible to public after being granted entry). Semi-private (accessible to staff, all residents, and visitors. Private (accessible only to resident of room & staff members).

C) Access 1: Public pedestrian access. 2: Public drop-off car lane. 3: Ambulance lane. 4: Second staff entrance/exit (close to large existing car park) & delivery access.

1 RAINWATER HARVESTING STRATEGY

6 3

Water Feature

TODAY ’S DEALS

5 Permeable Surfaces

Used for Irrigation/hand-watering around site

Downspout Filter/ Filtration Unit RFS*

*Recirculating Filter System

Underground Storage Tank 03

101

RESOLVED DESIGN FOR REVIEW SECTION B-B (Drawn at 1:100)

102

103

RESOLVED DESIGN FOR REVIEW ENTRANCE PERSPECTIVES VIEW ON APPROACH - PUBLIC PATHWAYS

The gentle curve of the Community Learning Centre facade and the gradually inclining pedestrian pathway offer a smooth transition between the public street and semipublic building. Views from the Community Leartning Centre, reception, and waiting area out onto the public street (Brighton Grove) are provided, visually connecting the residents and staff with the wider community.

VIEW ON ARRIVAL - ENTRANCE FOYER

Entrance to the building is carefully controlled by by the positioning of the reception desk between the draft lobby. Only visitors for residents etc. will be allowed into the entrance foyer - members of public going to the Community Learning Centre enter the space directly from the draft lobby after being permitted access by reception. This prevents the residents from having potentially unwanted encounters with members of the public. Once inside the entrance foyer, visitors are greeted with views into the central courtyard, immediately reducing the separation between interior and exterior environments. The gentle curve of the facade subtly prompts movement in either direction. Clear signage aids orientation. A spacious waiting area (with access to toilets and refreshments) provides residents and visitors with a more open space to meet.

104

105

FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC ENTRANCE A) Increase space infront of reception desk to ease movement of wheelchairs. B) Open up entrance lobby to provide seating/waiting space for visitors to CLC, and to create more prominent entrance for CLC. C) Maintain views into central courtyard upon passage from lobby to foyer. Minimise residents gathering near entrance by introducing another ‘layer’ of separation. Including: D) Provide visitors to CLC with space to leave coats, bags and personal items (eg. in lockers). E) Retain seating for residents along wandering route with views into central courtyard. F) Maintain resident access to reception as point of contact/assistance/orientation. G) Extend reception area to bring structural column into enclosure, improving safety of residents. H) Maintain resident access to waiting area for connection with wider context/public space and to provide rest space/place to meet with relatives etc.

04 SYNTHESIS

KEY:

resident wandering route (circulation)

security barrier

EXTEND B

Elements of separation ‘layer’: E C

‘Synthesis’ refined and presented the dementia project design, ensuring the key line of enquiries explored throughout the year were reflected. An introduction to wind

CLOSE OFF

analysis tools permitted a critique of the current design, confirming the success of forming a protected main entrance and protected courtyards, while highlighting

CLOSE OFF

areas for revision to improve the experience and well-being of occupants. A crucial development leading on from the material and structural applications studied in ‘Realisation’, was the refinement of the architectural language. This offered greater

visual unity, and strengthened a key project concept by providing improved

EXTEND

cohesion between interior and exterior spaces. It was also ensured that each associated design response was assisted by environmental or sustainable rationale, such as the utilisation of vertical timber louvers on the main entrance façade.

106

line of vision

G Seating provided along resident circulation route

Sensory wall to stimulate senses

Views of visitors into central courtyard maintained (connectivity to outdoors)

Lockers for visitors to CLC

Timber ‘screens’ for partial separation while allowing light (dappled) and views through H 04

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ELEVATION STUDY DESIGNING & CRITIQUING USE OF MATERIALITY, SCALE & FORM

* New work produced after review

FORM DEVELOPMENT ROOFSCAPE

ORIGINAL - identifying issues from ‘Realisation’ proposal

ALTERATION

A B

PARTI PLAN REFERENCE

Zinc (upstanding seam) roof offers contemporary take on traditional grey slate used on neighbouring buildings. Visual solidity of limestone cladding ‘grounds’ design, while visually tieing development to adjacent limestone building. Larch cladding adds a warmth and organic/natural feel, helping building to connect with exterior environment. Combination of stone and timber cladding offer contrast in tactility, while clean aesthetic maintained throughout.

ELEVATION A

Full-height glazing used in key spaces where glulam is used structurally (foyer/circualtion space on right-hand side of Elevation A, and activity studio on right-hand side of Elevation B).

* Intention behind staggered roofscape (creation of higher and lower ‘portions’): allow deeper penetration of light, improving daylight quality and sunlight availability of interior spaces further away from external facade.

Domestic/homely scale maintained throughout, reducing institutional feel. Pergola/canopy over outdoor pathway in Elevation B offers protection from elements, and aids the blurring of boundaries between interior and exterior environments.

A) Similar low pitch on left and right-hand side of lower block allows roof to become continuous and ‘sweep’ round, avoiding awkward join depicted in diagram 3.

Folding feature at position ‘C’ = adoption of dynamic timber facade explored during ‘TTMW’ (pictured below). Introduction of this feature feels disjointed with rest of design, but aesthetics and atmospheres created with spaced vertical panels could be mimicked around building to enhance design language.

B) Flat roof adopted across entirety of higher block, also allowing roof to become continuous and ‘sweep round’, bringing the two perpendicular roofs depicted in diagram 1 together. The alteration to simplify the numerous roof forms shown on the left, into two continuous and ‘flowing’ levels, creates a cleaner-looking and more cohesive use of materials (zinc for pitched roofs, greenroof for flat).

Difference in pitches of the two higher, perpendicular portions causes disconnect between forms. Flat roof is taken in between to fill gap, which further emphasises disconnect visually.

Pitch of roof directs rainwater towards external wall of first floor, potentially causing waterproofing issues or requiring more extensive drainage system.

Use of both flat roof (left-hand side) and pitched roof (right-hand side) on lower portions causes awkward join.

C) Pitched roof changed to flat, preventing rainwater from being directed towards exterior wall of first floor. Use of green-roof significantly reduces run-off volumes, reducing the strain on drainage systems. D) Slight pitch sloping away from clerestories may be required to minimise overshadowing on residential pods behind (explored during ‘Testing New Cluster Configuration’ in ‘Staging’).

ELEVATION B 108

109

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

ENVIMET WIND SPEED COMPARISON BETWEEN EXISTING SITE & PROPOSAL

DESIGN RESPONSE TO ENVIMET SIMULATIONS

EXISTING BUILDINGS (Base Case): Average High Wind Speed 9m/s x/y cut at k=3 (z=1.4m)

WESTG

60-90% humidity 0-5°C temperature 235° wind direction

PROPOSED BUILDING: Average High Wind Speed 9m/s x/y cut at k=3 (z=1.4m)

WESTG

ATE RO AD

PROPOSED BUILDING WITH LANDSCAPING: Average High Wind Speed 9m/s x/y cut at k=3 (z=1.4m)

60-90% humidity 0-5°C temperature 235° wind direction

ATE RO AD

WESTG

235°

60-90% humidity 0-5°C temperature 235° wind direction

ATE RO AD

prevailing wind direction bedroom terrace

view from terrace

car parks

Landscaping (placement of vegetation) used to: - reduce wind speed around residential clusters (see comparison between EnviMet simulation to the right, and proposal without landscaping on previous page). - improve views from residential clusters, replacing views of carparks with views of nature. - provide less invasive security/garden perimeter (see ‘a’) compared to fence or wall.

Wind Speed

Wind Speed (Buildings overlaid from Google Earth)

110

Wind Speed

Observations & Evaulation:

= Reduced wind speeds around West & South sides of residential clusters.

111

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

DESIGN RESPONSE TO ENVIMET SIMULATIONS

DESIGN RESPONSE TO DAYLIGHT SIMULATIONS

Observation: Secondary entrance (staff access) is exposed to prevailing wind. Community Learning Centre

staff changing moved to first floor, freeing up space on ground floor

pa ns

tio

ula irc

entrance moved to new external facade

Vertical louvers added

roof from circulation space extended to cover outdoor area

ORIGINAL Entrance position

Staff changing rooms

ALTERATION Louvers & overhang added

Advantages: Entrance moved into m more sheltered area from wind, ensuring ss taff ddon’t come directly into prevailing wind as they exit. Circulation space is provided with view to outdoor space, improving experience of residents following wandering route, and reducing feeling of compression in what felt like a very restricted area due to lack of exposure to outdoors or natural light. Entrance provided with greater privacy and separation from public car park to south of site.

Observations/Evaluations: Full glazing with absence of louvers or roof overhang results in areas of intense light near windows, especially during summer months, possibly making those areas unsuitable for use, at least for long periods. Presence of vertical louvers helps to reduce intensity of light in these areas. Due to the orientation of the louvers, the greatest impact (reduction of intensity) is during midday, while a smaller impact is made during the morning, allowing majority of (less intense) morning sunlight to enter. Presence of roof overhang arguably reduces the luminance of the space too much, but is an integral part of exterior aethetics. Thus, a balance must be established between performance and visuals. Ridge skylights (location shown in ‘Summer Solstice 12pm’) could improve luminance of interior without compromising exterior appearance due to removal of roof overhang.

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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC ENTRANCE

* New work produced after review

LANGUAGE CRITIQUE PUBLIC ENTRANCE

A Study of Proportions on the Entrance Facade (East Elevation)

Key:

solid (opaque)

perforated effect (created with timber louvers* - translucent)

glazed/open (transparent)

Original:

Current Stage (visualised below):

Full-height glazing on CLC creates institutional feel, and appears visually disconnected from rest of design’s architectural language.

Proportion of ‘light’/’delicate’ increased, while proportion of solid decreased, attempting to achieve better balance between contrasting elements. A slight variation in proportions in comparison to rest of building also reduces potential for monotony, and helps CLC to subtly stand out. Proportions are continued horizontally to the entrance area to visually ‘tie’ the CLC to the left-hand side of the elevation. Light and views are maintained without the need for distinct window ‘cut-outs’.

summer solstice azimuth

*Vertical timber louvers provide the same visual aesthetic as the timber cladding, whilst combatting issue of glare from southern sun.

Fig. 28

Fig. 29

Fig. 30

Psychiatric Hospital | CREO Arkitekter & WE Architecture | 2015

Sainsbury Laboratory | Stanton Williams | 2010

Portland Japanese Garden | Kengo Kuma | 2017

Vertical timber battens, akin to those used by Kengo Kuma (see drawing to right), adopted into gable elevation. To be used as inspiration for visually ‘tieing’ gable block on left-hand side to large facade with louvers on right-hand side.

Timber panels adjacent to glazing introduce natural material into heavy, rigid/rectilinear aesthetic. To be used as inspiration for bringing timber element, used throughout design, to stone ‘block’ (see diagram below).

Timber battens utilised to form organic, ‘forest-like’ aesthetic, which is maintained throughout the interior & exterior. To be used as inspiration for selecting overriding language, and making interior & exterior more cohesive/seamless, further helping to blur boundary between environments.

7am

8am

9am 11am

10am

indicate presence of BIPVs introduce glazing on gable elevation carry louver aesthetic over to this side

‘Hanging’ greenery to soften stone edge

introduce element of timber on stone ‘block’

full-height louvers to provide visual balance with right-hand side of entrance

expand open glazing to make entrance more prominent Extend louvers over opaque wall to improve visual continuity

extend windows Introduce ‘climbing’ greenery to soften appearance of stone walls model staircase handrails

modern street lights along public pavement

114

illuminate pedestrian pathway

‘Climbing’ greenery

115

SECTION DEVELOPMENT

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

EVALUATING SUCCESS OF KEY DESIGN FEATURES

BLOCK ON SITE’S SOUTHERN BOUNDARY ALTERATION:

ORIGINAL:

KEY

dominant structure

supports & partitions

external envelope

view/access to outdoors

pergola-style covering appears like ‘addition’ or afterthought, rather than being incorporated with building

Distinguishable Bedroom Form As well as enhancing interior experience (see development of pod concept in ‘Staging’), each pod (residential bedroom), is distinguishable from the outside due to its unique form. This form gives appearance of a ‘unit’, each belonging to a different resident = promotes sense of ownership - an impression rarely created within institutional settings, where individual bedrooms can appear entirely integrated or ‘consumed’ by the whole building form.

116

Arrival Sequence/Experience

Door Design Staff-only spaces (eg. storage rooms) have door frames and leafs painted a similar colour to the wall = blend into surroundings and thus reduce likelihood of residents trying to gain access. Doors within circulation spaces (installed for fire strategy ‘compartmentation’) are transparent = users see if someone is approaching other side. Door manifestations aid identification of door, as do dark timber frames, which also help to tie the interior spaces to the overall design aesthetic.

Relationship between Interior & Exterior Environments Strategic Seating Seating area depicted links directly to circulation route = easy access for wandering residents in need of rest. Glazing to left opens up views of central courtyard, providing a connection to outdoors. In front of seats, a 1m high partition wall divides the space from the physical therapy studio, offering views of the activities commencing (distraction therapy).

‘Pocket’ of outdoor area breaks up interior space, and views between lounge and foyer/ circulation space are created = connecting the two areas and providing passive observation. Introduction of greenery (small, light decidious for minimal impact on overshadowing or blocking views) into the line of sight ensures hints of the natural, outdoor environment are brought into interior experiences.

1) Spacious entrance lobby connected to CLC. 2) Foyer adjacent to lobby, with shelves/ lockers for personal items. The space is separated from the resident circulation route with seating = provides security but maintains views into central courtyard upon arrival. 3) Resident circulation route - seating acts as half-height separation from foyer, and offers wandering residents with chance to rest. 4) CLC first floor overlooks double-heighted entrance lobby, connecting the two levels and associated activities.

two elements (building and covering) appear to contrast in language views from staff balcony into courtyard obstructed by covering

117

118

FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT

EVALUATING SUCCESS OF CURRENT GROUND FLOOR

EVALUATING SUCCESS OF CURRENT FIRST FLOOR

119

LANDSCAPE DESIGN

TRACKING SHADOWS FOR REFERENCE

STRATEGIC RESPONSE With guidance from: Housing Learning Network’s ‘Landscape Design for Dementia Care’ (Delhanty, 2013) activity space (eg. garden boules pitch) placement of activity space on north side of site where more shading occurs, due to reduced used of vegetation and avoidance of glare for playing oportunity for residents to get involved in gardening experiences, including growing produce for use in the kitchens, promoting the sense of home and independence (proximity to residential clusters).

tree line forms natural security barrier

raised bed

breakout area from circulation space acts as garden entrance (accommodating change into more appropriate footwear etc.)

level access maintained throughout landscape design

direct & discrete route from examination room to exterior lift to ambulance lane

view from circulation space & seating into outdoor space

opportunity for outdoor area to be shared between staff and occupants of neighbouring building

delivery vehicle bay 04

outdoor seating near entrance

VEGETATION KEY:

120

4 = sphere water feature (safe communal focal point) 5 = receives evening light for evening activities/gatherings

2.5 7x

smaller vegetation (bushes/shrubs) prevent residents exiting site via secondary exit, whilst reducing feelings of restriction/enclosure

proximity of large grass area to physical therapy studio allows activities to move outdoors when the weather permits it.

2x1m

larger trees to west of site to reduce effect of prevailing wind, and to improve views from residential clusters (block view of carpark)

raised planters bring sensory plants to more accessible height (at 1, 2, 3) - planting palette chosen for colour, texture, scent and seasonal indication

large: reduce wind speeds/block views, & similar to existing trees near to site

medium/small: dappled shade with reduced impact on views through space

view of ambulance lane access from lift blocked from street, offering greater privacy and dignity

view of nature as resident is moved from building to ambulance small & thin: introduction of greenery into area without big impact on space, views etc. 04

121

BUILDING-INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS STUDY

SOLAR IRRADIATION CALCULATIONS (WORK PRODUCED FOR ARC3013 MODULE)

CONSTRUCTION STRATEGY (WORK PRODUCED FOR ARC3013 MODULE) Strategy for ‘full-roof’ solution (PV’s act as functional and constructive integration):

Total solar irradiation received by roof

187,531.23

kWh/year

Total Surface Area = 184.68m2

Connection detail of channel rail onto bracket surface.

a = insertion of PV module edge

40,572.37 kWh 21,145.40 kWh 15,283.65 kWh 14,194.70 kWh

45,180.55 kWh

Fig. 31

51,154.56 kWh

dule

o pv m

y avit

air c

2 -up

uild

fb roo

b = fresh air inlet c = heated air outlet

Solar Irradiation Calculations:

1 f The height of the brackets can be altered as required, eliminating any problems caused by misaligned purlins, or purlins at slightly the wrong height. It also allows for an additional rigid insulation layer to be included if desired, whilst maintaing the air cavity.

e d

d = bracket e = channel rail to bracket connection as detailed above f = channel rail

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123

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE

SITE PLAN

CONCEPT & MASSING DESIGN SUMMARY

(Drawn at 1:1500)

1) Step back from public edge

2) Central courtyard

3) Protected courtyards

Site boundaries are defined with mass. Mass is stepped back from edge of Courtyard is formed in central location, establishing continuous circulation route Voids are introduced into the mass, creating multiple outdoor areas that are Brighton Grove, creating ‘transition’ space between public road and building. around it and increasing amount of sunlight accessing interior spaces to north of connected by interior space, and are enclosed for security and wind protection. site.

4) Height manipulation

5) Curved facades

6) Final design

Masses are staggered in height to increase availability of sunlight, and show a Entrance facade adopts a curve to smoothen the visitor’s journey into the building. gradual increase in height from West to East in response to the surrounding Curves adopted on walls bordering central courtyard increase amount of interior urban context. space and create focus on central outdoor area.

124

125

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE

* Updated work: improved clarity of PV and BIPV locations

AERIAL VIEW AXONOMETRIC

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE STRUCTURAL STRATEGY Structural Components - Exploded Axonometric

Axonometric demonstrating the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s position within the urban context, greenery & landscaping, location of photovoltaics (PVs) and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), and various entrance routes for different users.

Glulam & CLT Construction: Characteristics reuse (inhabitation)

sustainability

organic tactility

6 9

natural interior aesthetic

4 Structural Plan Parti Diagram

2 3 1 8

1) Strip Foundations 2) Concrete Floor Slab 3) Pre-case Concrete Cores

PRIMARY

4) Glulam Portal Frames & Supporting Glulam Members KEY

5) Structural CLT Walls 6) CLT Floor & Roof Panels 7) CLT Wall & Roof Panels (bracing glulam portal frames) 8) Glazing & External Cladding (larch timber & limestone masonry veneer) 9) Roof Finishes (zinc standing seam, green roof & BIPVs) 126

CLT structural wall

SECONDARY

Concrete core Glulam column

TERTIARY 04

Direction of glulam portal frame/beam span Timber-steel composite beam*

127

* New work produced after review

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE EAST (PUBLIC ENTRANCE) ELEVATION

A colour and textural contrast is provided externally with the limestone cladding, which visually ties the development to the adjacent building. A visual rhythm created by the spacing of glulam portal frames, is evident on the curved ‘Community Learning Centre’ facade, ‘moving’ with the pedestrian as they approach the entrance.

(Drawn at 1:115)

Blurring the boundary between interior and exterior: ‘Layers’ of greenery provide visual depth, and move the observers eye from the public street, to the winter garden, to the courtyard, and finally to the rear of the building and beyond.

128

129

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE PROGRAMMATIC SUMMARY |

PUBLIC ENTRANCE RENDER Blurring the boundary between interior and exterior:

accessible to residents, staff, & wider community

The verticality of timber elements - glulam structure, louvers, and larch cladding - offer an organic, ‘forest-like’ aesthetic, offering hints of the building’s intentions to connect occupants with the natural, outdoor environment. Extensive glazing throughout the ‘Community Learning Centre’ creates intrigue by allowing glimpses of views beyond, forming visual connections between the building and public street.

IR ST

Semi-private

accessible to residents, staff, & residents’ visitors

Staff

accessible to staff only

resident room (accessible to staff when needed & visitors when invited)

vertical circulation

LO O R

L IA T N R E TE ID S S U E L R C

Private

work: revision of design language to produce more unified aesthetic * Updated (refer to ‘Language Critique’ process page), refinement of render detail.

Public

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE

Entrance Lobby/Foyer Reception Community Learning Centre Winter Garden

Waiting Area

IA T N E

U N LO

Lounge/Seating

Activity/Physical Therapy Studio

Wellbeing Room

Quiet/Meditation/Faith Room Staff Changing Staff Kitchen/Lounge Examination/Consultation/Meeting Rooms Residential Cluster (Kitchen/Dining/Lounge)

Residential Bedroom

Bathroom

130

Meeting/Conference Room 04

131

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE GROUND FLOOR PLAN

(Drawn at 1:150)

13 21

16 14

3 11 20

7 1 23

4 12

12 13

5 11 7 6 12

132

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE FIRST FLOOR PLAN

(Drawn at 1:150)

12 22

30 30

5 13

133

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE FLOOR PLANS COMMENTARY

Schedule of accommodation (corresponding to numbered floor plans): 1) Entrance Lobby 2) Reception 3) Foyer/Locker Area 4) Waiting Room 5) Toilets 6) Examination/Consultation/Meeting Rooms 7) Seating Area

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE DOCUMENTING KEY CHANGES AFTER REVIEW

work produced after review, documenting changes made to improve * New experience of key spaces; predominantly focusing on occupant movements,

and on introducing more greenery to further blur boundary between interior & exterior environments.

Updated work: record of changes made to floor plans after review: Redesign of waiting room (see development diagrams overleaf) Redesign of winter garden (see development diagrams overleaf) Redesign of balustrades in Community Learning Centre (also demonstrated in updated Community Learning Centre & entrance lobby renders) Addition of stairs handrail in Community Learning Centre (also demonstrated in updated Community Learning Centre & entrance lobby renders) Addition of ‘louvered’ interior wall in entrance lobby (also demonstrated in updated entrance lobby render) Widening of bedroom doors to ease movement of bed out of room (bed movement ‘tracking’ added to ground floor plan, and associated considerations explained below):

8) Quiet/Meditation/Faith Room 9) Plant Room 10) Delivery Storage

11) Residential Cluster (Kitchen, Dining & Lounge) 12) Residential Bedroom (Pod) 13) Storage Room 14) Bathroom 15) Activity/Physical Therapy Studio 16) Medicine Storage 17) Laundry Room 18) Grocery Shop 19) Wellbeing Room 20) Lounge

21) Winter Garden 22) Community Learning Centre 23) Central Courtyard 24) Residential Garden 25) Activity Lawn 26) Staff Changing 27) Staff Lounge 28) Staff Kitchen 29) Work-Stations 30) Offices/Supplies 31) Meeting/Conference Room 32) Terrace

134

a) Door used frequently by resident. Location and presence of window allows view for staff to bed (through open shelving - see ‘Staging’ for residential pod design). b) Door remains closed until exit of bed requires additional door width. Coloured similar to wall to discourage its use on day-to-day basis.

For improved safety and efficiency, residents at higher risk of becoming bed-ridden could be placed in either of the two rooms to the north of each ground floor cluster, as the spatial organisation allows the bed to be moved out of the room faster. First floor bedrooms are available for visiting relatives of residents, visiting researchers/health professionals, or for younger/more able residents with less severe dementia. Thus, the demand for the bed to be removed from the room for a bedridden occupant is removed.

135

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE

work produced after review to demonstrate more clearly * New the careful consideration of wandering route and landmarks.

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE

WANDERING ROUTE & LANDMARKS As demonstrated through all iterations presented thus far, the primary focus of the floorplans responded to a particular symptom of dementia; the tendency to wander. From the onset of the project, there was intent to establish a circular and continuous wandering route - free from dead ends, ensuring extensive passive observation, and providing sufficient breakout spaces and rest areas.

WANDERING ROUTE LANDMARKS Landmarks

View outdoors to activity lawn

view of win ter garden = connection to nature view into areas used by public = connection to all-ages of wider community

view of outdoor activity = distraction therap y view of neighbouring houses = connection to existing community & con text

View outdoors & through to winter garden View outdoors & of winter garden

A particular challenge of this was to ensure that pathways never led to a blank wall or empty space. As a result, each pathway of the building’s wandering route leads to an outdoor view, seating area, or activity/lifeskill station - the uniqueness of each helping wayfinding and orientation by acting as landmarks.

Lifeskill station Interactive ‘story wall’ (‘Primer’ creation) View outdoors Seating area with indoor vegetation (Selected view illustrated overleaf)

seating = rest area along wandering route interactive display = contribution to bio-psych-social approac h

(4 7 5

landmark (corresponding to axonometric overleaf)

136

137

The distinct outer form of the residential pods can be seen, giving the exterior of the residential spaces a visual distinction from the rest of the building. This is important in promoting a sense of identification and ownership for residents, compared to bedrooms in institutional settings that often are ‘consumed’ or unidentifiable within the facility.

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE PERSPECTIVE SECTION A-A (Drawn at 1:115)

Blurring the boundary between interior and exterior: Glulam portal frames (used for eg. for the ‘Community Learning Centre’ offered spatial flexibility, and the clean lines and open spaces create a bright and legible atmosphere. Throughout the building, timber is introduced internally with exposed CLT panels, which continues to blur the boundary between interior and exterior.

138

139

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE PERSPECTIVE SECTION B-B (Originally drawn at 1:100)

The block to the left, with consultation rooms below and staff areas above, adopts a height tall enough to minimise overshadowing from the neighbouring building. The central courtyard allows sunlight to reach the block to the North of the site, and the staggered roofscape allows light to penetrate deeper (aided by a light-shelf, which also prevents glare from the most intense summer sunlight). The pitched roofs with hidden gutters form part of the rainwater harvesting strategy diagrammed, supplying the central water feature which acts as a communal focal point.

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE CENTRAL COURTYARD RENDER

Blurring the boundary between interior and exterior: Pathway on right-hand side, covered by first floor interior spaces, offers sense of being outdoors with exposure to fresh air, while being protected from the elements. Full-height glazing of entrance foyer in background visually opens up interior space to natural outdoors, creating strong connection between environments. Sweeping roof of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Community Learning Centreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in background encloses interior space, but extends out to form protected outdoor area on first floor terrace.

140

141

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE

OCCUPANT ROUTES & ROUTINES

RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER AXONOMETRIC Daylight Factor (DF) Contours (%) P6

R7 wake up in residential bedroom/pod

Resident

morning routine in residential cluster

R2 R4 R8 R1

dinner & evening in dining & lounge area

Staff (Carer)

V1 P1

R5 S6

game of boules on activity lawn

time out in quiet room

visit from family in courtyard

lunch in dining area

supply room before leaving

coffee and check emails in staff lounge (after shift)

Ground Floor Parti Plan

personal items left in staff changing room lockers

staff meeting

assist with morning routine (eg. bathing)

monitor/assist in residential cluster

Average DF by area: entire shared living = 9.4% kitchen = 5% dining = 20.4% lounge = 7.8% bedrooms to north of shared area = 6.1% bedrooms to south of shared area = 6.4%

physical therapy session in activity studio

entrance point for members of public & visitors

20 17.5 15 12.5 10 7.5 5 2.5

view onto public street (connection to wider community & people watching)

entrance point for staff members

Daylight Factor Contours (%) 10.00 8.75 7.50 6.25 5.00 3.75 2.50 1.25

monitor afternoon eat picnic in activities in courtyard lounge

prepare lunch w. residents (produce from garden)

view outside & facing circulation space (greater passive observation of resident)

report to reception

Member of Public

P5 142

report to reception

V1 view into garden (connection to nature)

Visitor attending consulation with dementia specialist

bread & milk purchased from on-site grocery shop before home

quiet study at desk spaces

place coat & valuables in locker

P2 S8

break in winter garden

attend small group language class

S2 S9

First Floor Parti Plan

V3 04

meeting with specialist in examination/ consultation room

wait in waiting room

view into garden (connection to nature) 04

143

FINAL PRESENTATION PIECE COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTRE

work: addition of ‘louvered’ interior wall (left-hand side) to * Updated make visual reference on interior to exterior language created by louvers,

work: redesign of balustrade to offer * Updated more cohesive language between interior &

redesign of balustrade (explained overleaf), addition of stairs handrail, refinement of render detail.

exterior (helping to blur boundary between settings), addition of stairs handrail & planter at top of stepped seating for safety.

Dark timber skirting (visible on the left-hand side) provides a minimum of 30 points difference in Light Reflectance Value between the floor and wall, aiding the distinction of surfaces for those with dementia. This functional skirting is carried on throughout the building.

Entrance Lobby (Ground Floor)

Community Learning Centre (First Floor)

144

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

HARVARD REFERENCING

Almusaed, A. (2011). Biophilic And Bioclimatic Architecture. Springer.

Perkins, B., Hoglund, J., King, D. and Cohen, E. (2004). Building Type Basics for Senior Living. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Alzheimer-europe.org. (2014). Alzheimer Europe - Policy in Practice - Country comparisons - 2013: The prevalence of dementia in Europe - Netherlands. [online] Available at: https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/Policy-inPractice2/Country-comparisons/2013-The-prevalence-of-dementia-in-Europe/Netherlands [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019].

Public Health England. (2018). Dementia: Applying All Our Health. [online] GOV.UK. Available at: <https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dementia-applying-all-our-health/dementia-applying-all-our-health> [Accessed 13 October 2019].

Alzheimer’s Research UK. (2014). Dementia Information | Alzheimer’s Research UK. [online] Alzheimer’s Research UK. Available at: <https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/dementia-information/> [Accessed 13 October 2019].

Queensland Brain Institute (2019). The Brain: Dementia. [online] Qbi.uq.edu.au. Available at: <https://qbi.uq.edu.au/dementia#:~:text=That%20same%20year%2C%20the%20Queensland,more%20than%2090%20exceptional%20 researchers.> [Accessed 13 October 2019].

Anselm, A., 2006. Developing Designs In Balance With Nature. [ebook] WIT Press. Available at: <https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC06/ARC06020FU1.pdf> [Accessed 15 November 2019]. Block, I. (2018). Interlocking indoor and outdoor levels bring Japanese house close to nature. Dezeen, [online] Available at: <https://www.dezeen.com/2018/05/04/interlocking-indoor-and-outdoor-levels-brings-japanese-housecloser-to-nature/> [Accessed 10 November 2019]. Cocco, F. (2019). How the world deals with Alzheimer’s and dementia. [online] Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/d5121522-7e36-11e9-8b5c-33d0560f039c [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019]. Cpa.org.uk. (2016). Foresight Future of an Ageing Population - International Case Studies. [online] Available at: http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-International-Case-Study-4-Housing-and-Dementia-Care-inthe-Netherlands.pdf [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019].

Reyes, S. (2016). Intergenerational Interactions: Designing For The Young & Old. [ebook] University of Florida. Available at: <https://ufdc.ufl.edu/IR00007999/00001> [Accessed 7 April 2020]. Sarre, J. (2007). Dignity Through Design – How The Architecture Can Make A Difference. [ebook] Housing Learning and Improvement Network. Available at: <https://www.housinglin.org.uk/_assets/Resources/Housing/ Housing_advice/Larchwood_dignity_design.pdf> [Accessed 5 November 2019]. Shidfar, S. (2013). The Difference Between Dwelling And Home In Architecture. International Journal of Computer Science Issues, [online] 10(4). Available at: <https://ijcsi.org/papers/IJCSI-10-4-2-239-243.pdf> [Accessed 11 November 2019].

Dementia Care Central. (2018). Guide To Dementia & Alzheimer’s. [online] Dementiacarecentral.com. Available at: <https://www.dementiacarecentral.com/aboutdementia/> [Accessed 8 January 2020].

Soller, K. (2018). The Designers Envisioning a Bold New Kind of Japanese Architecture. The New York Times Style Magazine, [online] Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/18/t-magazine/japanese-architects-supposedesign-office.html> [Accessed 7 November 2019].

Dementia UK. (2014). What Is Dementia? - Dementia UK. [online] Dementia UK. Available at: <https://www.dementiauk.org/understanding-dementia/what-is-dementia/> [Accessed 13 October 2019].

Szymanski, R. (2006). Local Heritage, Global Context: Cultural Perspectives On Sense Of Place. Routledge.

Department of Health. (2014). Health Building Note 00-01: General Design Guidance For Healthcare Buildings. [ebook] Department of Health. Available at: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/file/316247/HBN_00-01-2.pdf> [Accessed 14 October 2019].

Tagliabue, J. (2012). Taking On Dementia With the Experiences of Normal Life. The New York Times. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/25/world/europe/netherlands-hogewey-offers-normal-life-todementia-patients.html [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019].

Department of Health. (2015). Health Building Note 08-02: Dementia-Friendly Health And Social Care Environments. [ebook] Department of Health. Available at: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/file/416780/HBN_08-02.pdf> [Accessed 15 March 2020].

WHO Global Dementia Observatory - Provisional Country Profile 2017 - Netherlands. (2019). [ebook] World Health Organisation. Available at: https://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/dementia/Netherlands_GDO_country_ profile.pdf [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019].

Duffy, S. and Fulton, K. (2010). Architecture For Personalisation. [ebook] The Centre For Welfare Reform. Available at: <https://www.centreforwelfarereform.org/uploads/attachment/243/architecture-for-personalisation-report. pdf> [Accessed 14 January 2020].

World Health Organization. (2019). Dementia. [online] World Health Organization. Available at: <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia> [Accessed 13 October 2019].

Feddersen, E. and Lüdtke, I. (2014). Architecture & Dementia - Lost In Space. Birkhäuser. Halsall, B. (2018). Chris & Sally’s House: Living With Dementia. [ebook] BRE Group. Available at: <https://www.bregroup.com/ipark/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/11/Presentation-8.11.18-Event.pdf> [Accessed 25 January 2020]. Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2014). Hogeweyk. [online] Available at: https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/en/ [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019]. Lan, M. (2011). Create a Harmonious Environment Together of Ecological Architecture Design Method. Procedia Environmental Science, [online] 10, pp.1774-1780. Available at: <https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/ S1878029611004737?token=FC771394F48E193999114BA32FD0796D9061146B54BBB5F3BE394B1AD3E341F87CCD004BFD6A9C562E384ACF5AC84D3E> [Accessed 15 November 2019]. Larkin, E., Kaplan, M. and Rushton, S. (2010). Designing Brain Healthy Environments for Intergenerational Programs. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 8(2), pp.161-176. Lavelle, E. (2018). Outside Meets Inside | Nordic Architecture. Field and Nest, [online] Available at: <http://www.fieldandnest.com/journal/2018/1/11/outside-meets-inside-nordic-architecture> [Accessed 26 October 2019]. Murphy, M. (2016). Architecture That’s Built To Heal. Nettleton, S., Buse, C. and Martin, D. (2018). ‘Essentially it’s just a lot of bedrooms’: architectural design, prescribed personalisation and the construction of care homes for later life. Sociology of Health & Illness, 40(7), pp.1156-1171. Niekroozen.com. (2019). Projects - Niek Roozen. [online] Available at: http://www.niekroozen.com/en/project/Nursing-Home-De-Hogeweyk/ [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019]. Norman, D. (2013). The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books. O’Regan, K. (2016). The Terra Incognita of Dementia in An (in)Authentic World. [online] Architecture Ireland. Available at: http://architectureireland.ie/the-terra-incognita-of-dementia-in-an-inauthentic-world [Accessed 17 Nov. 2019]. Pallasmaa, J. (1994). Identity, Intimacy and Domicile - Notes on the phenomenology of home. Arkkitehti - Finnish Architectural Review. [online] Available at: http://www.uiah.fi/studies/history2/e_ident.htm [Accessed 3 Dec. 2019]. Park, J. and Porteus, J. (2018). Age-Friendly Housing - Future design for older people. RIBA Publishing. 146

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BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 - 9: Author’s own work, included as part of ‘Illustrated Reflective Report’. Figure 10: Google Earth. (2020). Google Earth. [online] Available at: <https://www.google.com/earth/> [Accessed 14 November 2019]. Figure 11: Urban Edge. (2012). [online] Urbanedgearchitecture.co.uk. Available at: <https://www.urbanedgearchitecture.co.uk/> [Accessed 14 November 2019]. Figure 12: Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2013). Plattegrond. [online] Available at: <https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/plattegrond> [Accessed 14 November 2019]. Figure 13 & 14: Niek Roozen. (2019). Nursing Home Hogeweyk, Weesp. [online] Available at: <https://niekroozenlandscape.com/nursing-home-hogeweyk/> [Accessed 14 November 2019]. Figure 15: Nytimes.com. (2012). Taking On Dementia With The Experiences Of Normal Life. [online] Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/25/world/europe/netherlands-hogewey-offers-normal-life-to-dementiapatients.html> [Accessed 14 November 2019]. Figure 16 - 18: Hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com. (2013). Plattegrond. [online] Available at: <https://hogeweyk.dementiavillage.com/plattegrond> [Accessed 14 November 2019]. Figure 19 - 22: TRADA. (2018). Timber Research And Development Association. [online] Trada.co.uk. Available at: <https://www.trada.co.uk/> [Accessed 13 February 2020]. Figure 23 & 24: G-frame. (2012). G-Frame - Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), Glulam And Hybrid Structural Solutions. [online] G-frame - Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), Glulam and hybrid structural solutions. Available at: <http:// www.g-frame.co.uk/> [Accessed 13 February 2020]. Figure 25: González, M. (2018). The Glade / DLM Architects. [online] ArchDaily. Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/888180/the-glade-dlm-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all> [Accessed 13 February 2020]. Figure 26: Rundell Associates. (2011). Rundell Associates. [online] Rundellassociates.com. Available at: <http://www.rundellassociates.com/> [Accessed 13 February 2020]. Figure 27: CaSA Architects. (2016). Projects. [online] Casa-architects.co.uk. Available at: <https://www.casa-architects.co.uk/> [Accessed 13 February 2020]. Figure 28: Author’s own drawing, with image overlaid from: Rosenfield, K. (2014). CREO ARKITEKTER And WE Architecture Shares First Prize For Danish Psychiatric Hospital. [online] ArchDaily. Available at: <https://www. archdaily.com/579811/we-shares-first-prize-for-danish-psychiatric-hospital> [Accessed 3 June 2020]. Figure 29: Author’s own drawing, with image overlaid from: Stanton Williams. (2011). Sainsbury Laboratory. [online] Stantonwilliams.com. Available at: <https://www.stantonwilliams.com/projects/sainsbury-laboratory/> [Accessed 3 June 2020]. Figure 30: Author’s own drawing, with image overlaid from: McKnight, J. (2017). Kengo Kuma’s Major Expansion Of Portland Japanese Garden Opens. [online] Dezeen. Available at: <https://www.dezeen.com/2017/04/04/ kengo-kuma-major-expansion-portland-japanese-garden-opens/> [Accessed 3 June 2020]. Figure 31: Williams, J. (2016). Ensuring Place-Responsive Design For Solar Photovoltaics On Buildings. [ebook] BRE and CPRE. Available at: <https://www.solar-trade.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/CPRE-BRESolarReport-high-res.pdf> [Accessed 1 April 2020].

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ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

2019 - 2020

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Visit to Roborough Eco Homes Plymouth

Site analysis work for ‘Figura Planning Ltd’ South Devon

Wedding artwork commission Derbyshire

Data collection on community attitudes Matlock, Derbyshire

Visit to Roker & Mowbray Dementia Unit Sunderland

Architecture TED Talks Online

Visit to Castleside Dementia Unit Newcastle

Visit to Amsterdam Light Festival Amsterdam

Visit to Meadow View Care Centre Matlock, Derbyshire

Thinking Through Making Workshops Newcastle University

July 2019

August 2019

September 2019

Summer 2019

October 2019

Various (throughout academic year)

December 2019

January 2019

Various (throughout academic year

Visit to show-house of newly built estate of eco homes, boasting high levels of insulation, solar panels, MVHR system, colourful materials, and proximity to Dartmoor National Park.

Paid work experience over the summer; assisting the analysis of over 10 sites, including identifying design opportunities for potential developments, and producing diagrams for each site.

A commission from friends to produce 10 illustrations for their wedding, each one depicting a different place of natural beauty in Derbyshire.

Empirical research conducted in home town as part of dissertation research, including the distribution of a questionnaire survey through letterboxes, which together with online distribution, received 370 responses.

Visit with studio group ‘House of Memories’ to dementia care unit designed by Medical Architecture, and completed in 2013. It won the ‘Gold Standard Design Audit Certification’ from the ‘University of Stirling Dementia Services Development Centre’, and provided great inspiration and insight into the requirements for dementia-specific design.

In particular, Michael Murphy’s talk, ‘Architecture that’s built to heal’, sparked an interest in design that’s rooted in the health and wellbeing of its occupants. It also led me to Murphy’s firm ‘MASS Design Group’, which for the past year has been a great source of inspiration, and will continue to be throughout my education and career.

Visit with studio group ‘House of Memories’ to dementia care unit within Campus for Ageing & Vitality. It provided stark contrast to the example set by Roker & Mowbray earlier in the year, and indicated how influential the built environment is on occupants’ moods and emotions.

Each year Amsterdam offers artists, technicians and curators from around the world a stage to display their artwork. 2019’s theme was titled ‘Disrupt’, with artists challenged to question and test ideas in alignment with this theme. Many pieces were focused on human’s destructive impact on the environment.

A personal visit to a local dementia care centre, completed in 2016 and designed by Glancy Nicholls Architects. Spectacular views of the natural surroundings were offered from the cafe area, and the external use of materials provided great inspiration for my own project.

A number of workshops organised by the Architecture department offered insights into activities and techniques I wouldn’t usually work with (eg. casting, as depicted above), as well as providing further support in areas I had already used but wished to strengthen (eg. AutoCAD).

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CREDIT FOR WORK PRODUCED BY EACH GROUP MEMBER INDICATED ON EACH PAGE

FIELD TRIP CASE STUDY REPORT APPENDIX B

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COLIN ELKINGTON STAGE 3 ACADEMIC PORTFOLIO | 2019 - 2020 BA (Hons) Architecture Newcastle University

Student ID: 160266205 Design Studio: Studio 4 - House of Memories Studio Leaders: Neveen Hamza & Stuart Franklin