The throat and the muscles of the leg Commence the anatomy at the head and passes over the bridge d n [epiglottis] some particle could fall through the mouth d and finish it at the soles of the feet. pass through c [the rima glottides] which 2 Put in all the passages which the veins would be fatal. But Nature has arranged make in the flesh and their ramifications the saccules a b [the two ventricles] which between the flesh and the skin. In this way receive such a particle and proceed to keep you will locate all the veins which come out it until with coughing the wind issues with between the flesh and skin. impetus from the lungs by way of c, eddies, and drives the droplets squeezed out by the 3 Which are the muscles which relax or contract in the movement of any limb in walls of the saccules a b by way of d; and so this harmful matter is thrown out of its any movement? position. 4 a shows the way a mouthful of food 13 The uvula is the gutter whence falls the completes the closure of the epiglottis, humour which descends from above b, over the mouth [of the larynx] by and falls by way of the oesophagus into which wind enters the lungs. the stomach. It has no occasion to go by way 5 Rule to see how the sound of the voice of the trachea to descend into the spiritual parts [i.e. the chest]. is generated at the head of the trachea. This will be understood by separating 14 Write on the cause of the voice without from a man the trachea with the lung; sound, as do those who speak into the ear of which lung filled with air and then suddenly someone else [i.e. whisper]. pressed will immediately enable one to see how the fistula of this trachea generates the 15 When one swallows or gulps down a voice. And this will be seen and heard well mouthful one cannot breathe. with the neck of a swan or a goose which is 16 You will demonstrate which muscles push often made to sing after it is dead. the tongue out of the mouth, how much, and 6 The two ventricles are those which make in what way. the voice sound, and when they are full of 17 Note in what part the nerves or cords humour then the voice is raucous. a b c d arise from the basilar bone [of the 7 Break the jaw from the side in order that skull] and from what ventricle and attach the you see the uvula in its position, what use whole together. And exercise the greatest it is, and how close it is to the mouth of the diligence in demonstrating this movement trachea. of swallowing; and also of the high and low 8 One cannot swallow and breathe or give voice. voice at the same time. Nor can one breathe 18 you will first make each articulation of through the nose and mouth at the same the instruments which move, and define time; and this is proved by trying to blow a them separately, and then put them together whistle or flute, one with the nose and one bit by bit so that with clear knowledge the with the mouth at the same time. whole can be composed. 9 Why does the voice become high-pitched 19 These glands [the thyroid] are made to in old men? The voice becomes high-pitched fill in where the muscles are absent; and they in old men because all the passages of the hold the trachea away from the bone of the trachea are narrowed in the way that other ‘forcula’ [clavicle]. entrails are. 20 Draw this trachea and oesophagus cut 10 Write on what sound is, and what din is, down through the middle in order to be able uproar, noise, etc. to demonstrate the shape of their cavities. Furthermore demonstrate how the bridle 11 If you draw in air through the nose and [frenum] of the tongue is situated in the send it out through the mouth you will hear the sound made by the partition [palate] that tongue. 21 Write on the causes of high- and lowis the membrane in‌ pitched voices. 12 Air enters and goes out through the mouth [of the larynx] d, and when food 1
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