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Contents
CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
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FRAMING
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TESTING
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THINKING THROUGH MAKING
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SYNTHESIS THEMATIC CASE STUDY
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LIST OF FIGURES
86 94
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CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 4
ARCHITECTS’ JOURNAL Architects’ Journal Magazines have been a really useful source. Providing many relevant precedents, the ‘Council Housing’ Issue shows many successful examples of newly developed social housing schemes. The ‘Adaptation + Workplace’ Issue was a response and reflective issue to how the working environment has changed and been modified as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and came to inform some usage and spatial decisions throughout my design.
CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Figure 1 - Architects’ Journal Magazine Covers: ‘Council Housing, March 2020’, ‘Adaptation + Workplace, May 2020’, ‘Houses + Housing, November 2019’, ‘Tall Buildings, April 2021’
Cladding and Fire Safety were also really important factors to consider throughout my design, especially after the 2017 Grenfell Fire brought to light how unsafe many existing tower buildings are.
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Figure 2 - Architects’ Journal Specification Magazine Covers: ‘Facades and Cladding, March 2021’, ‘ Retrofit and Sustainability, February 2021’, ‘Fire and Insulation, November 2019’, ‘Facades and Cladding, March 2020’.
Figure 3 - NUAS ‘Ingrid Petit’ Small Talk Poster
Figure 4 - NUAS ‘Paul Karakusevic’ Small Talk Poster
Paul Karakusevic’s Small Talk was particularly relevant for my project as Karakusevic Carson are renowned for their exceptional housing schemes. Paul discussed many usefully strategies they use to develop the most appropriate schemes in local areas and for different communities.
CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
NUAS SMALL TALKS
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Figure 5 - NUAS ‘Jessica Reynolds’ Small Talk Poster
Figure 7 - RIBA Future Architects Banner
Figure 6 - Steve Webb (Pictured)
Conversations with Practice
Milne Medal Lecture - ‘Wood, Stone, Moral Calculus and Big Picture Thinking’ by Steve Webb.
CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
A discussion led by Maggs Margetts, practicing architects discussed how their working environments have been adapted during COVID, and what we might expect going into pactice. They also gave us advice on working remotely.
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Steve discussed some alternative and more sustainable material choices such as stone, and ways in which they can be used innovatively to create a variety of results.
Figure 8 - In Living Memory Image
In Living Memory: Series 10 ‘T. Dan Smith’
CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Accessible at: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/ play/b00lp6dm>
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CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Figure 9 - ‘Social Housing, Definitions & Design Exemplars’ Book Cover
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FRAMING.
FRAMING
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FRAMING.
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Studio 01 A Manifesto
for Housing
I chose this studio to enable and allow me to channel my political and moral dreams for our sociaty through my studio and developing my Stage 3 design project. ‘A Manifesto for Housing’ aims to look at housing and particularly social housing, and the position of politics is housing. I aspire to use my architecture as a tool in my career to create a more equal society, and allow opportunities for those who are less fortunate. Social Housing is often disregarded in many aspects of society, as it is rarely profitable, and unfortuanetly, government funded architecture has become mostly about cost effectivity, and quality is often disregarded.
FRAMING Studio Introduction.
Through my design I am looking to restore pride into social housing, and prove that Social Housing can be successful and that it requiries and deserves more funding from the government.
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Socialism in Newcastle. In the 1960s T. Dan Smith became Newcastle’s figurehead for socialism and the regeneration of Newcastle. He made countless efforts and led numerous projects to ensure that the ‘slums’ of Newcastle were eradicated. Areas such as Byker and Elswick were nutorious for their poor quality living conditions, and T. Dan aimed to instead provide modern public housing for these residents, and was the initiator of arguably the most successful social housing scheme in Newcastle: Byker Wall. As well as this, he introduced the Metro to Newcastle, an innovative european transport system that allowed fast and affordable connections around a vast area of Newcastle. Figure 11 - Antisocial barbed wire surrounding the extisting Cruddas park Shopping Centre
FRAMING Studio Introduction.
Figure 10 - T. Dan Smith (Pictured Right)
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Cruddas Park Site
Number 1 Bus Route St Michaels Church Elswick Pool Newcastle College Life Science Centre
FRAMING Site Declaration - Site Map.
Newcastle Central Station
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Figure 12 - Local Site Plan of West Newcastle
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FRAMING Site Declaration - Site Map.
Figure 13 - Sun Path
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Figure 14 - (Above) Cruddas Shopping Center and Tower from South East Corner.
Figure 21 - (Above) Looking South towards Riverside Dene. Figure 18 - (Above and Right Below) North enterance.
FRAMING Site Declaration - Exterior Site Photos.
Figure 15 - (Right) Cruddas East Facade from Park Road.
Figure 22 - (Above Left) Looking South from South West corner.
Figure 16 - (Above Left) Walking West along existing South facade. Figure 17 - (Above Right) Walking West along existing North facade.
Figure 19 - (Above) Car Park Entrance on East facade. Figure 20 - (Right) Looking East along South facade.
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Figure 23 - (Above Right) Looking South West from East Facade. Figure 24 - (Left) West Elevation of Tower and Shopping Center Entrance.
Figure 25 - (Left) Atrium Under Tower.
FRAMING Site Declaration - Interior Site Photos.
Figure 27 - (Below) West facing windows in atrium.
Figure 28 - (Above) Shopping Centre Floor
Figure 29 - (Above) Main Shopping Centre
Figure 26 - (Above) East Shopping Centre Entrance
Figure 30 - (Above) Looking to Under Tower
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FRAMING Site Declaration - Existing Tower Plans.
0 1 2 4 6 10m
Figure 31 - Existing Tower Plan
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FRAMING Site Declaration - Existing Podium Plans.
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Figure 32 - Existing Shopping Centre Plan. The East part of the podium shows predominantly structural elements.
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FRAMING Site Declaration - Existing Podium Plans.
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Figure 33 - Existing West Entrance to Car Park Level
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Figure 34 - Existing Section through Podium North to South
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FRAMING Site Analysis -
Figure 35 - Site Map highlighting social Housing estates around Cruddas Park House.
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“ Sadly, Goldsmith Street is still the exception rather than the rule “
Figure 36 - Architects’ Journal Article October 2019
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FRAMING Initial Concepts.
Figure 37 - CLT Interchangable Facade Exploration
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FRAMING Initial Concepts.
Figure 38 - Exploded Axo showing removed existing cladding replaced with CLT modular extensions.
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FRAMING Technical and Material Influences.
Terracotta has a long life cycle. It is weather durable and requires little maintenence which is vital in social housing where budgets for maintenance and servicing may be low.
Figure 39 - Queens by Stiff and Trevillion Terracotta Building
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Figure 40 - Terracotta Clad Social Housing in Paris
Material Exploration Since the structural body of the building will be mainted in my design, there are one or two materials that I will include from the existing building, and compliment through my design. For example the corrugated concrete circulation tower will largely have to remain.
FRAMING Technical and Material Influences.
Whilst the existing cladding matches the Corrugated concretes cool tones, I feel that the use of warmer materials such as teracotta and timber would bring a new more lively personality to the existing concrete, as well as allowing the building to better compliment the nearby terraces.
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It is essential that sustainability be a priority throughout my design process. Through the exploration of different materials and construction techniques, I will be looking to both keep the contruction emmisions and the energy consumptions of the working building as low as possible. I aim to maximise natural daylight in a way that would cause minimal heat loss, to ensure that apartments stay adequately insulated. A large part of my decision making when choosing materials was dependant on sustainablility and resourcefullness. However the idealist concept of beatiful facades crafted from recycled terracotta tiles became an unlikely probability as soon as the idea was applied to the 20+ storey tower block, Cruddas Park House. I found it challenging when exploring sustainable materials, as a large number of them are inpractical at such a large scale
FRAMING Climate Crisis Response.
Figure 42 - Partially Demolished Robin Hood Gardens
Figure 41 - Towering Ambitions Cover
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– Questioning street society, has this sense of community been lost in tower buildings? – The Media has a negative perception of social housing, partciularly in tower blocks. How can this be improved, and gain positive Media for Social Housing?
FRAMING Studio Texts and Readings.
– ‘The dwelling has become necessary for self fullfillment’. Do the tenants of Cruddas Park House feel fullfilled by their homes? – ‘Each family has a house which suits them perfectly’. How can social housing become flexible to suiting different families and tenants?
– No English housing scheme has the ability to satisfy all criteria, how can I fullfil as many requirements as possible from the landlords, tenants and community?
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Studio 01 A Manifesto
for Housing Framing Celebration
Cruddas Park Renovation
Cladding Materiality
Module Construction
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Modular Construction Collage
FRAMING Framing Celebration.
Park View Student Village
Figure 43 - Whole Studio Framing Celebrations
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Cladding Materiality
Module Construction
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FRAMING Framing Celebration.
Figure 45 - Robin Hood Gardens Precedent Study
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Modular Construction Collage Park View Student Village
Figure 44 - Materiality Framing Celbration
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Functional Brief • Provide more suitable and enjoyable accomodation for the current tenants. • Allow more appropriate living spaces for younger generations and families. • Create social spaces and ammenities that allow for cross-generationial community socialising. • Create larger and more useable spaces to replace existing ammenities in the lower levels of the building, e.g. Library, Your Homes Newcastle Offices. • Allow and structurally enable usage of the flat podium roof as an additional garden space for residents. • Allow pedestrian entry and uninterupted flow throughout all sides of the shopping centre level. • Extend the existing apartment spaces.
FRAMING Functional Brief
• Expand the amount of greenspace in the area.
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FRAMING Initial Concepts Celebration Piece.
Figure 46 - Framing Celebration Axo
Exploring the use of CLT modules as extensions onto the facade. Expanding the surrounding greenspace onto the podium flat roof. Using red brick materiality to further link the podium with surrounding context.
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TESTING.
TESTING
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Figure 47 - Overview Site Axonometric
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TESTING - Tower Module Explorations.
Figure 50 - This Modular exploration would prevent block too much light from the depper plan extensions, aswell as un extended apartments. Figure 49 - Section through extended module exploration
Figure 48 - Exploded Module Extension Exploration
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Figure 52 - Single floor arrangements
Figure 55 - Double and single floor arrangements massing
TESTING - Tower Module Explorations.
Figure 53 - Grouped single and double floor arrangements
Figure 51 - Reconfigured Module Frame extension on the North side of the tower to allow maximum light into larger apartments.
Figure 54 - Double floor groupings reduces the overall height appearence of the tower.
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Figure 56 - Double floor groupings massing.
Modularity within Cruddas House Tower
TESTING - Individual Dwelling Module.
‘A Manifesto for Housing’, as a studio, focussed largely on social values and throughout architecture and design. The studio also look at modularity withing design. This Cruddas Tower Proposal looks at modularity within the tower and modular appartments. Aswell as a largely modular secondary and tertiary structral frame that fits onto the existing primary concrete structure.
Step 1. Existing structural concrete post partial demolition.
Step 2. Existing structural concrete post partial demolition.
Step 3. New structural steel extension.
Step 4. Steel bracing interior walls.
Figure 57 - Structure of Module Composition Diagrams (ARC3013 pg20)
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TESTING - Individual Dwelling Module.
Step 5. Floor joists in steel extensions.
Step 6. Floor Boards.
Step 7. Interior partition wall studs.
Step 8. Interior wall plaster.
Figure 58 - Structure of Module Composition Diagrams (ARC3013 pg21)
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Step 9. Interior wall plaster.
Step 10. MetSec SFS steel framing system with 60mm studs.
Step 12. Sheathing board is attatched onto the SFS frame for external facade finishes to be fixed onto.
Step 13. Terracotta tiles are attached onto a rail system which is fixed back onto the sheathing board.
TESTING - Individual Dwelling Module.
Step 11. Windows are slotted into to the SFS frame which has been designed to fit them.
Figure 59 - Structure of Module Composition Diagrams (ARC3013 pg22)
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TESTING - Individual Dwelling Module.
Figure 60 -Stacked Structure of Module Composition Diagrams (ARC3013 pg23)
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TESTING - Plan Iterations.
Figure 61 - Existing Tower Plan
10m
Figure 62 - Core Relocation Diagram
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3 Bed Apartments
3 Bed Apartments
2 Bed Apartments
2 Bed Apartments
1 Bed Apartments
1 Bed Apartments
3 Bed Apartments 2 Bed Apartments 1 Bed Apartments
TESTING - Plan Iterations.
Tower Floor Type A
Scale 1:200 @A2
N 0
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Tower Floor Type B
Tower Floor Type B
Tower Floor Type B
Tower Floor Type C
Tower Floor Type C
Tower Floor Type C
Figure 63 - First Testing Tower Plan Iterations
Scale 1:200 @A2
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2 Bed Apartments
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Tower Floor Type A
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TESTING - Plan Iterations.
Figure 64 - Existing Tower Plan
10m
Figure 65 - Core Relocation Diagram
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Four Bedroom Apartment
Four Bedroom Apartment Four Bedroom Apartment
Three Bedroom Apartment Three Bedroom Apartment Three Bedroom Apartment Two Bedroom Apartment
Two Bedroom Apartment
One Bedroom Apartment
One Bedroom Apartment One Bedroom Apartment
Scale 1:200 @A2 N
Scale 1:200 @A2 N
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Scale 1:200 @A2 N
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TESTING - Plan Iterations.
Figure 66 - Second Testing Plan Iterations Four Four Bedroom Bedroom Apartment Apartment Three Three Bedroom Bedroom Apartment Apartment Two Two Bedroom Bedroom Apartment Apartment One One Bedroom Bedroom Apartment Apartment
Scale Scale 1:200 1:200 @A2 @A2 N N
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TESTING - Concluded Plan Arrangements
Tower Floor Type A
Tower Floor Type A Figure 67 - End of Testing Simplified Tower Plan Types Scale 1:500 N
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4 Bedroom Apartment 3 Bedroom Apartment 2 Bedroom Apartment 1 Bedroom Apartment
Tower Floor Type B
Scale 1:500 Tower Floor Type B
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Tower Floor Type C
Tower Floor Type C
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FRAMING Initial Concepts.
Figure 68 - Typical 3 Bed Dwelling Type
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SOHO WORKS, Tea Building Shoreditch, London A collaborative office space. Inspiration behind collaborative offices in Cruddas House Tower proposal as a response to Covid working and inability to access work offices.
WORK DESKS
CONFERENCE ROOMS
BOOTH AREAS
KITCHEN AND SEATING AREA
TESTING - COVID-19 Response.
Figure 69 - Architects’ Joural Reconfigure Cover Figure 70 - Images of Soho Works, Shoreditch. From Varied sources listed.
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TESTING - COVID-19 Response.
Figure 72 - Double Height Office Space Plan
Figure 71 - Two Double Height Office Space Section Diagram
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Due to COVID Thinking through making proved to be more challenging as I explored modelling much finer details digitally. Figure 73 - SHoP Midtown Terracotta tiles
TESTING - Thinking Through Making.
Figure 75 - Rendered Curved Terracotta tiles
Figure 74 - Simplified Terracotta tile section
Figure 76 - Curved Terracotta tile Section
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TESTING - Thinking Through Making.
Figure 77 - Rainscreen terracotta tiles and frame system
Figure 78 - Rendered terracotta tiling system
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Residential Tower Social Services and YHN Offices Public Gym Cruddas Market Hall Cruddas Library Newcastle College Basement Storage Residential Tower Daycare Centre Resident Parking Social Services and YHN Offices Plant Public Gym Bicycle Storage Cruddas Market Hall Cruddas Library Newcastle College
Figure 79 - Programme Axonometric (ARC3013) Basement Storage Daycare Centre Resident Parking Plant
TESTING - Podium.
Bicycle Storage
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TESTING - Podium.
Figure 80 -Site Section through North South
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TESTING - Podium.
Figure 81 - Podium Plan Diagram
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TESTING - Podium.
Figure 82 - Terraced Streets North of Site
Figure 83 - Simplified Terrace Massing
Figure 84 - Podium Rooflights
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TESTING - Rising Homeless Population .
Figure 86 - St Georges Crypt Statistics
Figure 85 - Ground Floor Podium Internal and External Threshold Diagrams.
Figure 87 - Photograph of St Georges Crypt
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TESTING - Podium Boundaries .
Figure 88 - Market Hall Boundary Explorations
Figure 89 - Perforated South Market Hall Facade
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1 2 3
Cruddas Library
Newcastle College Offices
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YHN and Social Services Offices
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Access to Tower
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Social Services Offices Cruddas Market Hall
Cruddas Library and Newcastle College External Sheltered Seating
Gym Access to Cruddas House Tower
Newcastle College Students
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Cruddas House Tower Residents
TESTING - Podium.
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Figure 91 - Routes through the Existing Podium Plan
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Figure 92 - Routes through the Proposed Podium Plan
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Figure 93 - Testing Celebration Axo
SYNTHESIS
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Figure 94 - Part of 1:20 Detail Section (ARC3013)
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THE TOWER
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SYNTHESIS Tower Plans - Tower Plan Type A. Figure 95 - Tower Plan Type A at Scale 1:200
SYNTHESIS Tower Plans - Tower Plan Type B. Figure 96 - Tower Plan Type B at Scale 1:200
SYNTHESIS Tower Plans - Tower Plan Type C. Figure 97 - Tower Plan Type C at Scale 1:200
SYNTHESIS Tower Plans - Tower Plan Type D. Figure 98 - Tower Plan Type D at Scale 1:200
FIRE STRATEGY Due to high rise tower buildings being being high risk in the event of fire, the fire escape strategy and defences was an important aspect to consider throughout the design process.
SYNTHESIS Tower Plans - Fire Strategy.
The decision to relocate the northern core in order to eradicate the dark narrow existing corridor in the tower results in each apartment having one fire escape core. In the northern core each apartment has direct access to the fire protected core, and in the sourthern core, the maximum travel distance to the protected core is 7m (maximum distance for single escape route being 7.5m). Whilst the decision to have one escape route is often debated, this renovation specifies materials to ensure minimum REI 60 in each fire protected core.
Figure 99 - Tower Plan A Fire Escape Routes and Cores
Figure 100 - Tower Plan B Fire Escape Routes and Cores
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SYNTHESIS Tower Plans - Fire Strategy.
Figure 101 - Tower Plan C Fire Escape Routes and Cores
Figure 102 - Tower Plan D Fire Escape Routes and Cores
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Figure 103 - 1:50 Dwelling Plan
SYNTHESIS Tower Plans - Dwelling Study.
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SYNTHESIS Tower Plans - Dwelling Study.
Figure 104 - Dwelling Study Axo
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SYNTHESIS The Podium.
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SYNTHESIS The Podium.
Figure 105 - Cruddas Market Hall Abstract Collage
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SYNTHESIS Podium Plans - Podium Level -1.
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TOWER RESIDENT PARKING
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ACCESIBLE RESIDENT PARKING
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RESIDENT BICYCLE STORAGE
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LOADING BAY AREA
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DRY STORAGE ROOM
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COLD STORAGE ROOM
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LOADING AND SERVICES LIFT
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RECEPTION
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STORAGE ROOM
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STAFF KITCHEN
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CLASSROOM
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MAIN DAYCARE AREA
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PLANT
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SYNTHESIS Podium Plans - Podium Level 0.
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SYNTHESIS Podium Plans - Podium Level 1.
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ACCESS TO ROOF
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NEWCASTLE COLLEGE OFFICES
CRUDDAS LIBRARY 5 GREEN ROOF 4
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DOUBLE HEIGHT ATRIUM
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SYNTHESIS Podium Plans - Podium Level 0.
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CRUDDAS MARKET HALL
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CRUDDAS HOUSE TOWER RECEPTION
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MARKET STALL UNIT
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SOUTHERN TOWER ACCESS CORE
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STORE ROOM AND KITCHEN
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NORTHERN TOWER ACCESS CORE
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NIGHT HATCH
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STORE ROOM AND SERVICE LIFT
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MAIN GYM ROOM
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CHANGING AND SHOWER ROOMS
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GYM TOILETS
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GYM RECEPTION AND STAFF AREA
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OUTDOOR SHELTERED SEATING
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PUBLIC TOILETS AND SHOWERS
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YOUR HOMES NEWCASTLE OFFICE
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SOCIAL SERVICES OFFICE
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WAITING AREA
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From Cruddas Library
Cruddas Market Hall
SYNTHESIS Podium Plans - Fire Strategy.
From Newcastle College Offices
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Figure 106 - Podium Fire Strategy
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- Inhabited Market Hall. SYNTHESIS
Figure 107 - Perspective Cruddas Market
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CONTENTS
Sergison Bates Case Study Urban Housing Vienna, Austria 2013
The Site and Context
4
The Architects: Sergison Bates
8
Environmental Analysis
12
Creative Response:
16
Social Analysis
17
Modularity
18
Material Effiency
Building Comparisons
19 20
Studio 1 A Manifesto for Housing
FRAMING
- Thematic Case Study.
Thomas Adams Alexander McCall Samuel Hare Eleanor Jarah Dawei Zhao
2 3
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SITE
SITE
SITE
Neighbourhood Scale
The Wider Context
THREE HOUSES When designing the 3 building blocks, a number of design principles were agreed in order to allow all three architects to design independent blocks that all act as a collective.
Located in the city of Vienna, Austria. Sergison Bates Architects designed this Urban Housing block for social housing developers ‘Neues Leben’ along with Werner Neuwirth and von Ballmoos Krucker Architekten. The building is situated 4.5km away from the city centre on a former railway yard surrounded by other high density residential buildings. Figure 1 shows a map of vienna and the circle marks where the site is situated.
The buildings are arranged so they appear as a compound element despite being a cluster of individual buildings. The defining element is the paved space that lays centrally between the three buildings. This space connects all 3 buildings together and allows them to be seen as collective, despite being designed by three different architects. The entry to the building is through a loggia into the entrance hall on the corner of the building. The entrance is well defined by a change in form to the rest of the building. This allows a clear indication of the entrance to the building.
Figure 2 shows a closer look at the different zones surrounding the site. The building is situated in an area consisting of high density residencies mainly consisting of appartment blocks no taller than 6 stories. The area is also very close to many businesses and shops allowing the site to be in walking distance to these facilities.
The building consist of a multi-functional room on the ground floor, allowing the space to be used for a childrens playroom or other communal activitities. Helping create a strong sense of community within the block. Figure 5: Inbetween Space
Figure 1: Map of Vienna, Austria
Site Appartment Blocks Offices Hotel Education
Figure 3 : Neighbourhood Plan
The site is situated in a high density area surrounded by other apartment blocks and offices. Although the neighbourhood may be seen as dense, the spaces between the building allows for comfortable movement. The building is positioned near other apartment blocks and green spaces are intergrated between the different appartment blocks and streets to provide spaces for the local community to use. There is also a park located very close to the site which allows for residents to have access to green spaces and especially allows families to make use of this space when entertaining their children. This is particularly important as the apartments only have a small balcony area, so being close to a large green space allows for plenty of opportunities for children to play.
Site Business + Commercial Low Density Residential Areas River Parks + Recreational Areas High Density Residential Areas Travel + Transport Areas
FRAMING
- Thematic Case Study.
Figure 2: Different areas surrounding the site
Figure 6: Ground Floor Plan of Each Block
Figure 4: Green spaces close to site
CONTEXT - Sam Hare
CONTEXT - Sam Hare
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4
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CONTEXT - Sam Hare 6
UNIT + DETAIL
Sergison Bates
Sergison Bates
RESPONSIBILITY
QUALITY THROUGH MAKING
Principles
When looking at the building as a whole, it is apparent that the building is made up of different flat types that are stacked ontop of each other showing the same flat type in the same position on each floor. Each floor has 5 different flat types that all feature a loggia in the central living space.
Materiality
Focussed on details and creating a better experience for everyone, Sergison Bates Architects are committed to creating playful buildings of very high quality produced in response to social demographics.
Looking at the Urban Housing project in Vienna is no exception to the firm’s principles. The architectural form of the building is well considered with harsh geometric patterns to draw the eye up the podium structure. This is followed through with the consideration of materiality and texture in the structure, the buildings use a stucco render mostly for the outer walls. Unlike normal stucco render this one is much thicker and based on a mineral compound which gives it that green hue. The quartz render is paired with small amounts of grey-dyed precast concrete which is used primarily at the base of the podium to give a sense of weight to the bottom and create an almost envelope that the render can tuck underneath, making this detail incredibly clean cut and beautiful.
The flats on each level are all different sizes to accomodate different size families and allow a diverse and mutually supportive neighbourhood. Each floor consists of between 1 and 3 bedroom flats allowing for a wide range of family sizes. The rooftop also further supports the idea of building community by offering communal allotment areas and an outside eating area. Therefore creating environments for interaction within the building. Figure 7 shows a detail of the window construction also showing the contrast of colour between the window and the exterior render. Bates included a parapet on each of his windows to allow the window to also act as a balcony when opened.
Figure 8: Typical Floor Plan
Studio house, London,
Inner city housing and crèche, Geneva, The interior materiality is very clean yet experimental and playful in parts, the main stairway flooring is clad with red brick like tiles, they are cut and placed with great care especially on the stairs where the tiles vary in size. The wall renders mimic the outside render making it still feel like an exterior, public space. The thin wooden bannister is a similar language to the wooden window frames. Moving inside one of the apartments we see the interior language become a lot more private, white render walls allow someone to personalise the rooms however they want, and the wooden floor adds a sense of warmth to the building. The kitchen is almost Japanese in minimalism, the large steel sheet allows easy cleaning, and the smart use of the loggia makes the space seem much larger than it is.
Figure 7: Window Detail
Flat Type A Flat Type B Flat Type C
Suburban housing, Zurich,
Multi-functional Space
Welcome centre and offices, Shanghai,
FRAMING
- Thematic Case Study.
Entrance Figure 9: Section showing units
CONTEXT - Sam Hare
ARCHITECTS - Thomas Adams
7
8
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ARCHITECTS - Thomas Adams 9
Sergison Bates
Sergison Bates
Urban housing and studios, Vienna
SOCIAL RESPONSE
FOCUS
URBAN FORM AND CLIMATE ANALYSIS
DETAIL
Plans
Sergison Bates architects
Sergison Bates have a clear focus on improving the social aspects of life when designing their building. The apartments in the building are designed around a central stair hall which is lit by natural light, the structure is designed to house multiple different family types by creating many different sized apartments within the building. Apartments are mainly designed with dual aspect and high ceilings to promote a better living. The apartments also generally are laid out in such a way which allows them to be easily modified for wheelchair access. The interior has been designed to be light and airy, one of the ways this is achieved is through ceiling heights being taller than average and walls being lighter in colour. This was made possible by the legal maximum floor area being favourable to the max building height. The project did not use balconies to reduce the buildings invasiveness to the external factors and help keep its architectural language, this led to there being loggias created in its place. These loggias in the Sergison Bates building are cut into the apartments splitting the living room, kitchen and sitting areas to separate volumes and stretching the use of space, the loggias are glazed on the outside.
KEY
The housing complex, which consists of three cubic building volumes, occupies a corner site near the southeastern edge of rudolf bednar Park. Although essentially free-standing, the buildings have been positioned so close together that they appear as one compound element. The rotational figure of the Vienna project’s composition and the precise, off-set positioning of the buildings make the gaps between the three structures one of the ensemble’s defining characteristics, While the project falls outside the traditional housing categories of perimeter block, court or free-standing block , the complex nonetheless embodies certain qualities of each typology. the result is an urban form that feels familiar yet simultaneously possesses an unusually monumental openness.
A key aspect of the design and Sergison Bates principles is the attention to detail. This can be seen in the junction between the concrete and the render on the pillars. The render ‘tucks’ underneath minimally detailed concrete cladding which intersects with the floor. This attention to the small details, making sure that the junctions fit as cleanly as possible epitomises the firms design process and their deep consideration of architecture.
- Kitchen - Loggia - Living Area - Bedroom - Sitting Area Each apartment has a different number of rooms to promote a more diverse living area.
FRAMING
- Thematic Case Study.
Above this text is a plan of the pillar layout in one of the communal rooms. It shows the playful nature that sergison bates tries to achieve with the buidling creating a much warmer feel.
Sunlight around the site
ARCHITECTS - Thomas Adams
ARCHITECTS - Thomas Adams
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Urban housing and studios, Vienna
Urban housing and studios, Vienna
Urban housing and studios, Vienna
IMPACT ON SURROUNDINGS
LIGHTING
VENTIILATION
Sergison Bates architects
Sergison Bates architects
Sergison Bates architects
Contextual composition/materiality
FRAMING
- Thematic Case Study.
New route through buildings
Greenery around the site
The integration of the three blocks in the city is excellent. It is not obtrusive or loses its characteristics. The color of the facade is similar to the surrounding buildings, giving the block a new sense of integration.The three buildings are scattered and created, and a new pedestrian path is created between the buildings, which reasonably connects the blocks and the green space with the park. Give a good experience to those who travel in the city. Another advantage of this It maintains the ecological balance and allows the natural wind from the northwest to enter the block.
The building has a large number of openings, including doors, windows, and others, using a lot of glass, It is roughly estimated that the external openings account for 30% of the four facades of the building, which makes the entire building use the maximum natural light and reduces the lighting power consumption of the building. It greatly reduces the power consumption. Pressure, and reduce the carbon emissions of the entire building.
The building has a lot of openings, including doors, windows, and balconies,bring a large amount of natural wind from the northwest, reducing the pressure of mechanical ventilation and reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
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Creative Response
Creative Response
Housing
Housing
Creative Response
Socially Responsible
Environmental Responsible
Modularity
Modularity also means some of the construction is prefabricated. The building’s ground floor where the loggia is made out of prefabricated concrete panels,beams and posts. There was no construction detail available for the rest but it is assumed that the rest of the building is constructed in precast concrete.
The loggia places a big role in the social aspect of the design of the building. It enables a relationship to form between the three individual buildings to share a common language yet be represented differently. The massing of the three building and its location of the loggia creates an inner open air spaces that isn’t intimidating and inviting for pedestrience to weave through. It provides a sense of protection. The logia themselves are a great communal area for the residence.
A fully recessed balcony protects from the wind however has less sun exposure. compared to cantilever balcony and semi-recessed balcony . Recessed balcony is a good design move due to Vienna’s climate.
The diagram on the right illustrates majority of the flats have different floor heights and changes in levels.
Modularity is using the same module in multiple configurations. Which enables a large variety of designs without using many component types.
The section drawing illustrates big oppening of the flats to enable ventilation which is very important in a multi story building . Locating the roof terrace on the south of the building facing the sun. This communal area is accessible to all resident to experience and enjoy for social events.
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The floor plan demonstrate a module that is repeated in all the flats. Where the Kitchen, dining room and the living room are all surrounding and distributed around the tripleglazed person loggia/balcony. In the more wider context of the surrounding building designed by other architect they had that same module to fulfil an open are space in a form of a loggia or small balcony
South Facing Terrace
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FRAMING
- Thematic Case Study.
(Left to right; van Ballmoos Krucker, Sergison Bates and Werner Neuwirth)
Environmental Responsible- Alexander McCall
D= Dinning Room
Social Responsible - Alexander McCall
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L= Living room
K=Kitchen
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SIMILAR BUILDING COMPARISONS
Creative Response Material Efficiency
The key themes that this case study will be comparing across similar building types: -
Site and Context
Site Context Architectural Language Spatial Strategy External Space Sustainability
Three projects with which I chose to compare sergison bates Vienna project include two other european social housing projects, aswell as one of the other two ‘Three Houses in Vienna’
The surrounding buildings not only are similar in heights but similar in material and colour palletes. As seen in diagram on the left .
Figure 15 - Plan drawn by Sergison Bates
Sergison Bates and Ballmoos Krucker are located on the same site in Vienna. Since they were designed as part of the same project for the same client, they have a lot of thematic similarities. The buildings are almost identical in scale, with the same site constraints they were designed to have simmilar external elevations. The Three Houses in Vienna are situated on a small site in a relatively built up urban area of Vienna. The relatively small paved external space between Bates’ and Krucker’s buildings deters public activity. Whereas EMBT’s housing in madrid surounds a courtyard, creating and outside space that residents are encouraged to use collaboratively.
The three buildings that I will be comparing with Sergison Bates housing in Vienna are: Figure 16 - Plan drawn by Tectone and Tact
Ballmoos Krucker housing in Vienna, 2013 - Figure 12
Stucco is cost-effective,versatile and durable. it is porous and adheres well to concrete and masonry surfaces. It can produce variety of surface textures. Stucco is fire resistant. However Production has extremely high embodied energy compared to other alternatives like lime render and earth render. Although it scores in the high end of the scale in terms of life cycle environmental costs.
Architectural Language Figures 19 and 20 show the volumetric similarities between Bates’ and Krucker’s two Houses in Vienna, however identical rendering and similar facade spans distract from quite significant architectural differences. Sergison Bates chose a simpler facade, using the windows as gentle openings slotted into the facade, and the complimentary private balconies creating a variation in depth. Whereas Ballmoos Krucker chose an offensive pale concrete to extrude from the facade below private balconies and on the ground floor level. Whilst the timber frames that Bates’ chose bring warmth and an organic feel to their building, the exessive use of grey concrete in Krucker’s building, brings a much more cool toned, heavy and dated feel.
EMBT’s Barajas Social Housing in Madrid, 2013 - Figure 13 Tecton and Tact Architects’ collaboration on Zellige Social Housing in Nantes, France, 2020 - Figure 14
Figure 11 - Segison Bates
Figure 12 - Ballmoos Krucker
Figure 17 - Sergison Bates
Similarly to Bates’, Textone and Tact Architects chose a sophisticated volemtric approach to their housing in Nantes. The indows and balcony spaces give the illusion of being punched into the facade, and the similar use of timber frames again warms the otherwise pale and cool facade cladding. In contrast, Barajas housing by EMBT has a much more playful and abstract language, the predominantly white facades common in spain, allow minimal thermal energy from the sun, keeping the internal spaces as cool as possible. The introduction of muted colours conveys a fun yet stil tasteful environment, whilst Sergison Bates’ housing feels more resreved and mature.
FRAMING
- Thematic Case Study.
The exposed prefabricated concrete construction on the lower floor contrast to the floors above it which are covered with stucco is an interestingcomposition. It looks as though the following floors above it are sitting on a pedestal making it look very monumental.
Figure 19- Sergison Bates Figure 13 - EMBT
Figure 20 - Ballmoos Krucker
Figure 21 - EMBT
Figure 18 - Tectone and Tact
Figure 22 - Tectone and Tact
Figure 14 - Tectone and Tact
BUILDING COMPARISONS - Eleanor Jarah
Material Efficiency - Alexander McCall
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BIBLIOGRAPHY. Spatial Strategies When comparing the spatial arrangement of Sergison Bates’ Housing in Vienna with similar housing types, it quickly became apparent that there are many unique spatial qualities about this building. Similarly to Bates’, Ballmoos Kruckers Vienna building has a central circulation, surrounded by a combination of one two and three bedroom apartments. Aswell as this EMBT’s housing in madrid is also made up of as collective of the same sixed apartments Collectively, the ‘Three Houses in Vienna’ have approximately 100 apartements, with Bates’ and Krucker accomodating a third of these each. EMBT created a much larger scheme in Madrid with their social housing scheme comprising of the same sized apartments, but a larger quanitity.
http://www.mirallestagliabue.com/project/barajas-social-housing-blocks/ https://www.dezeen.com/2020/10/20/zellige-social-housing-apartment-nantes-tectone-tact-architectes/ Figure 28 - Segison Bates
Figure 29 - Ballmoos Krucker
Figure 30 - EMBT
https://sergisonbates.com/en/projects/urban-housing-vienna
Figure 31 - Tectone and Tact
Whilst the schemes offer a variety of access to external space, all building provide access to balconies. Sergison Bates, Ballmoos Krucker and Tectone and Tact all provide private balconies for each apartment, whereas EMBT have used the open access to individual apartments to provide social and communal balcony spaces, this can be seen in figure 30.
https://divisare.com/projects/343120-sergison-bates-architects-stefan-muller-urban-housing-nordbahnhof https://www.archdaily.com/948730/zellige-housing-complex-tectone-plus-tact-architectes http://www.vbk-arch.ch/preview-detail/items/id-157-nordbahnhof-wien.html
Figure 23 - Sergison Bates Apartment Floor at Scale 1:200
https://divisare.com/projects/343120-sergison-bates-architects-stefan-muller-urban-housing-nordbahnhof https://miesarch.com/work/1624 https://sergisonbates.com/de/projects/housing-vienna
Communal Space and Ammenities Figure Z
Figure 24 - Ballmoos Krucker Plans at Scale 1:400
The scheme in Madrid is also a lot more dispersed than the ‘Houses in Vienna’, with greater horizontal emphasis and fewer storey heights spreading the housing over a much wider site. The scale comparison of the two buildings can be seen between Figure 23 at 1:200 and Figure 26 at 1:800.
http://hicarquitectura.com/2013/04/sergison-bates-architects-urban-housing-and-community-space-nordbahnhof-vienna/
Tectone and Tacts’ housing has some spaces unique from Sergison Bates and the other comparative buildings. Both Sergison Bates’ and Tecton and Tact’s bulding have multipuropse communal areas for the residents, these can be seen in figures 33 (labelled B and D) and 32 (labelled no.2). In Figure 32, label 3 shows DIY workshops for the residents.
https://www.wbw.ch/en/magazine/reports/original-texts/2014-05-ensemble-in-vienna-by-werner-neuwirth-von-ballmooskrucker-and-sergison-bates.html http://karolinemayer.blogspot.com/2018/09/sergison-bates-pan-wohnpark.html https://www.e-flux.com/architecture/positions/280818/vienna-s-red-herring/
Figure 25 - EMBT Housing
https://www.wbw.ch/en/magazine/reports/original-texts/2014-05-ensemble-in-vienna-by-werner-neuwirth-von-ballmooskrucker-and-sergison-bates.html> [Accessed December 2020]. https://www.wien.gv.at/stadtplan/en/grafik.aspx?lang=en&bookmark=4HFgRuvqI0ZVtAJF0BOXRO5Rphnp-c3Pmur3AegQ-b
Figure 32- Tectone and Tact Ground Floor at Scale 1:400
Sustainability and the Climate Crisis As previously discussed, the majority of the sustainable elements of Sergison Bates’ are technical, including great opportunity for naturall ventiallation. Although the building was completed in the last decade, there are already ways in which more recent constructions are making more of an effort to combat the climate crisis.
FRAMING
- Thematic Case Study.
Figure 26 - EMBT Ground Floor plan at Scale 1:800
Figure 32 shows external bike storage (labelled D) for residents at the Zellige housing complex, to encourage the use of bicycles and reduce the carbon footprint of users. This additional effort to reduce carbon footprint would be extpected with this recent construction having been completed this year (2020), and would be a good Figure 33- Sergison Bates Ground Floor at Scale 1:200 addition to any of the other building examples..
Figure 27 - EMBT Courtyard
BUILDING COMPARISONS - Eleanor Jarah
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 108 -Figure 1 - Architects’ Journal Magazine Covers <https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/digital-edition> Figure 109 -Figure 2 - Architects’ Journal Magazine Covers <https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/digital-edition> Figure 110 -Figure 3-5 - Small Talk posters. From NUAS Instagram Page Figure 111 -Figure 7 - RIBA Future Architects Banner <https:// www.architecture.com/education-cpd-and-careers/futurearchitects> Figure 112 -Figure 6 - Steve webb <https://www.rca.ac.uk/more/ staff/steve-webb/> Figure 113 -Figure 8 - In Living Memory Image <https://www. bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/b00lp6dm> Figure 114 -Figure 9 - ‘Social Housing, Definitions & Design Exemplars’ Book Cover <https://www-taylorfrancis-com.libproxy. ncl.ac.uk/books/mono/10.4324/9780429346439/socialhousing-paul-karakusevic-abigail-batchelor> Figure 115 -Figure 10 - T Dan Smith < https:// images.jacobinmag.com/wp-content/uploads/ sites/4/2019/05/18095815/Screen-Shot-2019-05-18at-10.57.48.png> Figure 116 -Figure 11 - Cruddas Park Photo by Studio Group Figure 117 -Figure 12 - Site Plan by Author Figure 118 -Figure 13 - Sun Path by Author Figure 119 -Figures 14-30 - Cruddas Park Site Photos by Author and Studio Group Figure 120 -Figure 31 - Existing Tower Plan by Author Figure 121 -Figure 32-33 - Existing Podium Plans by Author Figure 122 -Figure 34 - Existing tower section by Author Figure 123 -Figure 35 - Social Housing Site Plan by Author Figure 124 -Figure 36 - AJ Headline <https://www. architectsjournal.co.uk/news/opinion/sadly-goldsmith-street-isstill-the-exception-rather-than-the-rule>
Figure 125 -Figure 37 - CLT diagrams by Author Figure 126 -Figure 38 - Exploded Axo by Author Figure 127 -Figure 39 - Queens <https://www.stiffandtrevillion. com/projects/view/queens-apartments> Figure 128 -Figure 40 - <https://www.designboom.com/ architecture/peripheriques-terracotta-cladding-social-housingrestaurant-paris-11-18-2017/> Figure 129 -Figure 41 - Towering Ambitions Cover <https:// green-alliance.org.uk/resources/Towering%20ambitions.pdf> Figure 130 -Figure 42 - Robin Hood Gardens < https://i.ytimg. com/vi/V5oeyk60IdA/maxresdefault.jpg> Figure 131 -Figure 43 - Framing Celebration by Studio Group Figure 132 -Figure 44 - By Authors Studio Group Figure 133 -Figure 45 - By Author Figure 134 -Figure 46 - By Author Figure 135 -Figures 47-56 - Modelled and Illustrated by Author Figure 136 -Figures 57 - 60 - Modelled and Illustrated by Author Figure 137 -Figure 61- 66 - Illustrated by Author Figure 138 -Figures 67-68 - Illustrated by Author Figure 139 -Figure 69 - Architects’ Journal Magazine Covers <https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/digital-edition> Figure 140 -Figure 70 - < https://hubble. imgix.net/listings/uploads/spaces/2439/201604-29_12%2B59%2B07%2B610381_ Copyright_Soho_Works2015_16. jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&w=1200&q=30&dpr=1> < https://www.compartirespacios.com/wp-content/ uploads/2017/12/Copyright_Soho_Works2015_06. jpg> < https://www.we-heart.com/upload-images/ sohoworkslondon1@2x.jpg> < https://www.spacing.com/ im.ashx?w=700&i=%2FImages%2F3363%2F3363_1%2F1. jpg&q=85&h=0> Figure 141 -Figures 71-72 - Illustrated by Author Figure 142 -Figure 73 - <https://www.archpaper.com/2019/06/ shops-supertall-terra-cotta-facade/> Figure 143 -Figures 74-81 - illustrated by Author Figure 144 -Figure 82 - From Google Earth
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Figure 145 -Figure 83-85 - Illustrated by Author Figure 146 -Figure 86-86 - <https://www.stgeorgescrypt.org.uk> Figure 147 -Figure 87-108 - Modelled and Illustrated by Author