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Birds to calm the mind

Felix White Stage 3 160314090 House of Memories

Contents 1-2 Illustrated reflective report 3-4 Charet 5-12 Primer 13-26 Staging 27-93 Realization and synthesis 94-119 Fieldtrip case study 120-123 Illustrated cultural bibliography 124 Bibliography 125-126 Figures list

New work Amended work

Illustrated reflective report I have really enjoyed my final year of architecture at Newcastle and feel as though my skills as an architect have been improving at an ever-increasing rate throughout the course. The organisation of the course, starting off with many shorter projects in the first year and culminating with a final year long design project this year, was a very well thought out way of easing a person with very few architectural skills, like myself, into the daunting prospect of designing an entire building. I have loved the fact we were given the whole of this year for this one project as it has given me time to explore numerous different routes and methods of designing and thus has helped me develop my design process dramatically. I was fortunate enough to have a design studio and dissertation topic that were both centred around dementia. I was, and am still, very interested in how dementia can inform the design process and the outcomes of architecture. Designing for dementia patients forces you to approach architecture from a different angle and with a new set of eyes to solve the unique challenges presented by their condition. Often when architects are faced with a unique and challenging brief, they produce some of their most ground-breaking and remarkable work. Not studying an essay subject at A levels as well as being dyslexic meant that I had not had much practice and frankly was not very good with writing or researching for an essay let alone a dissertation. However, the essays throughout the course, but especially the dissertation, have helped me to improve my writing abilities significantly since arriving at the university. My researching skills are also something that I have honed using the design module and the dissertation to investigate areas of architecture that intrigue and fascinate me. Our studio took an interesting and unusual approach to designing a building by designing the bedrooms of the patients at the very beginning of the design process. Before then moving on to the wider picture of the dementia ward and its relationship to the surrounding community. This made sense because a patient’s bedroom is integral to the treatment

they receive. A patient’s bedroom must make a patient feel safe, comforted and most of all at home. If a patient’s bedroom was not to fulfil these necessities their entire treatment would be put at stake and thus this environment needed to be perfected before moving on to the wider picture of the project. This course has also helped me cultivate the skills to work on several different computer programmes to a high level. Arriving at the university with next to no experience with programmes such as photoshop and Sketchup, it is very rewarding to see the level I have reached on these programmes as I finish the course. However, at times I feel as though I have relied too heavily on these programmes. During second year I was too naive about the dangers of using programmes such as SketchUp too much in the design process and found that my output from second year were constrained because of this. However, this year I made a conscious effort to only use SketchUp to represent my concepts rather than design them. Although I altered the way in which I used SketchUp I feel as though I spent too much on bits of my project that in the end would never be shown such as my final SketchUp model. It’s irritating to use so much of my finite amount of time on a piece of work that will ultimately not be shown. I understand that I have shown parts of my SketchUp model indirectly through perspectives and diagrams but many parts of it I spent a long time making but I have chosen not to show. I feel as though I could have used this time more wisely by strategically choosing the parts of my design that I wanted to show before jumping ahead with parts of my project that I may never show. At the moment I am currently looking for a job in an architecture firm for my part 1 year out. I cannot wait to get some real-life experience in an architecture firm and apply the multiple skills that Newcastle University has helped me to learn and develop over three fantastic years. Undoubtedly working in a practice will allow me to build upon the solid base that the university has provided me with and allow me to continue to grow as a budding architect.

Charet Relief, what a relief

A group exploration into the different facades and architectural components of Newcastle in the mediums of plaster cast and ink. Half of us used silicon moulds, that we created using clay negatives, to depict parts of Newcastle that stood out to us architecturally. While the other half created the drawings of these same images on tracing paper. We presented this work by hanging the drawings from the ceiling in front of the casts that were placed on shelves in the wall. Photos of the scenes we had chosen to depict of Newcastle then were presented on to and through our work to create an in depth study of Newcastle.

Primer Our studioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s project for primer was to build a sensory pod. The main objectives of the sensory pod was to create a multi-sensory experience for a dementia patient that would encourage them to remember, learn and feel. For people with dementia stimulation of their senses in the form a multi-sensory environment can be very beneficial. Among just some of the benefits are that it can create feelings of comfort and well-being, decrease stress and pain, and even maximises a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ability to focus. All these benefits contribute to helping a dementia patientsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; capability to communicate and remember (Anke and Lesley, 2013). My group and I have designed an environment that is able to provide these important benefits for any dementia patient.

Sensory Wall

Sensory Pod Creating a space that has a variety of engaging, exciting and diverse experiences for dementia patients to interact with but at the same time designing to prevent over stimulation. Rather than concentrate on just one of the five senses we decided to create four activities that would stimulate a mixture of these senses. Patient’s with dementia are often more sensitive to their surroundings and their environment therefore a small amount of stimulation is often best (W. Small, 2020). As a result, each of the activities in our sensory pod are able to be turned ‘on’ or ‘off’ to allow the amount of stimulation a patient receives at only one time to be controlled and kept to a minimum, and prevent over stimulation. However, at the same time allowing our sensory pod to be a multisensory experience.

2 4 1

A sensory wall is a wall containing a patchwork of different objects and textures that stimulate the senses. An interaction with a sensory wall once a day can greatly improve the wellbeing of a dementia patient by reducing their sensory deprivation, which is very common in dementia wards, and promoting feelings of purpose and accomplishment. Sensory walls can also trigger memories, by the patient remembering their emotions at a previous point in their lives when they had a similar sensory experience (Treadaway, Kenning, Prytherch and Fennell, 2020). Our sensory wall consists of frames containing oranges, coffee beans and lemons for the patients to touch and smell as well as bells, chimes, and a guitar like instrument for patients to make noises with. To prevent over stimulation, once the patients are finished interacting with the sensory wall each of the pieces can be unhooked from the wall and placed in the draw in the games table out of site.

Sensory wall

Personalizable window scene

Games table

Projected personal objects 8

Maze and football game We designed two different interactive game boxes for dementia patients to play with, one a maze and the second a football orientated game. For each you press down on the white rim of the inner box to tilt it which in turn roles the ball. For the maze games the objective is to role the ball through the maze to the finish and for the football game it is to role the ball past the defenders and into the goal. The football players are attached to the green felt with Velcro, this allows the difficulty of the game to be altered by either adding defenders or changing their position. This allows for the gameâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s difficulty to be altered to suit any patient depending on what stage of dementia they are at. This game could be used to determine how fast a dementia patient is progressing through the different stages of dementia by taking note of what level of difficulty a patient can complete each game at week by week. The game boxes consist of an inner box, which is attached to an outer box with string to keep it suspended in the air.

Maze and Football Game The game boxes placed in the table

Continuing with my groups theme of preventing over stimulation these game boxes were placed in a games table that we created with a sliding lid to it. Once a patient is finished playing with the games and wants to move on to a different part of our sensory pod, they can simply slide the lid over the table to hide the games from sight. The game boxes are also able to be taken out of the table to be played with elsewhere. As dementia patients find it hard to see the difference between colours that donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have a big enough contrast between them (Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Society, 2015, pg.11), each part of the game has been coloured a contrasting colour; the walls and base of the maze games are either yellow or blue, the players of the football game red and the felt green.

Virtual Window

Projected personal objects

The fourth sensory activity in our sensory pod is the virtual window. This virtual window consists of a tv placed behind a window frame and curtains. This virtual window can play a variety of different videos showing different views for example a view out on to a beach, snowy mountain, lake, or hillside depending on what the individual patient would like. These views can help to trigger memories of the patient’s that can act as a form of reminiscence therapy. The virtual window can be on while the patient is using one of the other three activities. However, if this becomes over stimulating for a patient the tv can be turned off.

As I have already mentioned on briefly, reminiscence therapy, which is when you use the stimulation of the senses to trigger memories, which can be very beneficial for patients with dementia and has been proven to improve the quality of life, cognition, communication and mood in people with dementia (Woods et al., 2018). One way of triggering memories is by simply showing a dementia patient a memorable object that means a lot to a patient. A dementia patient may not know to handle delicate objects with care and so may sometimes break them or may harm themselves by accident. However, we have created a way for them to still be able to see the objects they love without being able to break them or cause harm to themselves. With the virtual shelves the patient’s friends and family are able to take pictures of memorable objects which can then be projected onto the wall behind the shelves. Objects that aren’t dangerous to the patient and aren’t easily broken can be placed on the shelves as well next door to the virtual objects. The virtual objects are still able to trigger memories by a patient seeing them and thus have a very similar impact on the patient to the real thing, however it is safer for both the patient and the object. Once the patient has finished looking at these objects, to prevent over stimulation, the projector, which is mounted in the wall opposite, can be turned off and the real objects put away in the draws in the games table.

Staging During Staging I explored in detail the benefits of dementia patients coming into contact with animals and specifically birds on a regular basis. I researched two different precedents: Bird Tales and the Hensioners. My idea is to incorporate a number of bird aviaries for patients to interactive with and benefit from the enormously positive effect birds have on the lives of dementia patients. The second objective of incorporating these bird aviaries is to create an intergenerational space for patients and members of the public, especially children from numerous local schools and old peoples homes that are near to the site, to interact with each other and reduce the negative connotations often attributed to healthcare facilities. For another part of my Staging project I have designed a bedroom unit consisting of two bedrooms a storage room and a shared bathroom. The final design for my bedroom unit has used all the knowledge I accumulated about how to design for dementia patients in the Primer and more, to create a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;home away from homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; environment for a patient to feel calm and safe in, and call their own. A key part of ensuring that my bedroom unit was suitable for a dementia patient to live in was to ensure that enough daylight was able to enter the room. To investigate this, I ran a series of daylight simulations using VELUX Daylight Visualizer. These simulations helped to inform my design and helped me to create a more suitable environment for the potential patients that will come to inhabit my designs.

Dementia and pet therapy

Hen power

Benefits

Hen power are a company that go round dementia homes and help old dementia patients look after chickens. They use these chickens to tackle loneliness, depression and improve wellbeing. They also report a reduced agitation in patients and most importantly the use of anti-psychotic drugs. All outcomes I would like my dementia home to have on the dementia patients that will inhabit it. (Hen Power 2010)

Pets can make a hugely positive impacts on dementia patients’ lives. One way in which they can do this is by becoming a close companion for a patient. Dementia patients can become very lonely, especially when moved into an institution. Pets can fill this gap and provide the unconditional love which a patient is seeking. Patients can often find it hard to interact with adults. However, because pets show less and simpler external emotions, they are less intimidating and thus more approachable for the dementia patients to interact with (Sunrise Senior Living 2018c). Another part of a dementia patient’s life that can be improved by regular contact with a pet is their eating. It can often be hard to get Dementia patients to eat their food however, a study in 2002 showed that contact with animals can increase the amount of food they eat (Lukits, 2014). Scientists from Purdue University used fish aquariums with 62 Alzheimer’s patients on a daily basis over a twoweek period and then weekly for a six-week period. The patient’s nutritional intake increased throughout the treatment period. The outcome of the experiment was that the patient’s gained 1.65 pounds on average and as a result they required fewer nutritional supplements. Therefore, giving them a more natural diet and reducing the overall cost of their care.

Fig (1) - (Innes, 2013)

Dramatic decrease in UK bird populations There has been a huge decrease in bird populations across the UK since 1970 (RSPB, 2019b) (see fig to the right) as a result of farmland turning much of their habitats into large monocultures. For this reason and the benefits that birds can bring to dementia patients I think it important for the design of my dementia ward to create not only a homes for captive birds but wild birds as well.

One important effect of dementia to try and reduce, which pet therapy can help with, is sundowning syndrome. This is when a patient becomes more and more confused and agitated as the sun fades. Some memory care experts have even stated that pet therapy is one of the best way to decrease the effects of sundowning syndrome. The main behavioral problems of dementia patients are their anxiety, agitation, irritability and depression, all of which have been proven to decrease if dementia patients are able to come into contact with animals on a regular basis. Fig (2) - (Bryce, 2013)

Fig (3) - (careuk 2019a)

Atmospheric Study I used this collage to portray across the kind of atmosphere I wanted to create in my dementia ward. I enjoy using collages to represent my ideas because with a collage you are able to explore concepts without the physical constraints of the real world. Another reason why I like it is because it allows you to show people clearly what initial abstract ideas you have for aproject.

Site Analysis

Key View Points From A Patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bed 2

As mentioned earlier, an increased connection with nature can have a hugely positive impact on a dementia patients wellbeing by reducing disordered behaviours (Eggert et al., 2015). This is why for each of the patients I felt it important to allow them a view from their bed out to nature.

Window

Table

In each of my patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bedrooms I want them to be able to see their loo, nature through their window and the door to their room, all from their bed.

Bed

Loo

It is important for them to be able to see the loo as they will often forget where it is. Although knowing where the loo may seem like quite a trivial thing, it has the power to give patients confidence and a sense of security that encourages them to go out and explore their surroundings (dementia architects, 2020).

Entrance

It is important for a dementia patient to be able to see the door to their room as this gives them a sense of safety as they can see who is coming in and out of their room. 20

Dementia Pod Here is the floor plan of a design for my dementia pod. I chose to create a bend in the room to split the room up into three separate internal zones for living, the entrance and toilet, seating area by the window and the bed. The reason for this was to try and separate the room up into its different functions of going to the loo and entering or exiting the room, sleeping, and relaxing.

Entrance and toilet Seating area

Bed

Virtual window from primer Often patients will feel a loss of identity when they move into a dementia ward or care home. Therefore, allowing patients to bring a part of their home with them when they move into a ward can make a huge impact on their mental wellbeing. I thought I would modify the virtual window from my primer to do this. Rather than showing a view from a window that the patients have never seen before, it would have a greater impact on the patient if it showed the view from a window in the patients previous home, for example their bedroom window. This would allow each patient to wake up and go to sleep to a view that they know and love providing them with a sense of security as well as making them feel at home. This was inspired by the service that True Doors (True Door 2019c) provides by printing doors from patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s old homes onto their bedroom doors. Fig (4) - Pictures of patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s old homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s front door printed on their bedroom door, (True Doors, 2020)

Analysis of room

If a door is painted the same colour as the adjacent wall the dementia patient will see the door as a continuation of the wall as there will be no contrast in colour that will allow a patient to see the door. Therefore, the doors to the bathroom, store cupboard and the smaller door of the double leafed doors will be painted the same colour as the walls as these doors will only be opened by nurses or other staff. However, the door to the loo, bedroom and outside area will be contrasting colours to the adjacent wall as these will be opened by patients.

Window

Table

Below is a daylight factor simulation that I ran with Velux Daylight Visualizer to test how suitable the room would be for a dementia patient. Next to it is a diagram showing the key viewpoints.

Bed

Loo

Entrance

Each patient will have a picture of their old homes front door printed onto their bedroom door. Patients can often feel a loss of identity when they move into a dementia ward or care home. Therefore, to bring a part of their old home to the ward, in the form of their old front doors, makes a huge difference to their lives. It gives patients a sense of privacy and safety by making them feel at home. They feel as though they are entering through their old home’s front door. It also helps patients remember which bedroom door is theirs. (True Doors, 2020)

10 Toilet

Bathroom

0.5

2.5m

Toilet

Dementia patients can often find it hard to differentiate between colours when there is not a big enough contrast between the two (Alzheimer’s Society, 2015, pg.11). Therefore, all the furniture such as beds, chairs, tables as well other objects such as the loo seat and handrails will be made of bright colours that contrast greatly to their surroundings. Stripes and complicated patterns can be disorientating and confusing to patients (Alzheimer’s Society, 2015, pg.11). Therefore, all materials throughout the ward will be made of block colours.

Bedroom

I decided that it was important to add a door to the loo to give patients a sense of privacy when they go to the loo

6 1

To allow nurses to easily see into each bedroom to check on patients there is a vision panel in each door. These panels are made of striped sliding glass, which allows the patients inside the room privacy but at the same time nurses can check on patients. The doors to bedrooms are double leafed, of one 900mm and one 500mm door. Normally the 500mm door will be locked shut and the 900mm door will be used as a normal door. However, if a hospital bed is needed to be moved in or out of the room then both will be opened.

When we visited the dementia ward on the Campus for ageing and vitality the nurse who took us round mentioned that there was never enough storage in the wards she had worked at, especially in the bathrooms. Therefore, I have placed a storage room in between each bedroom and in the bathrooms placed a row of cupboards to store towels, shampoo, soap etc.

I have added a shared bathroom to give the patients more privacy and to make them feel more at home. Instead of them having to go out into the corridor before going into the bathroom to have their shower.

Store Room

The day light simulations showed that I needed to allow more day light into the room, so I have added an extra window to allow more light in. As well as increasing the patients view out to nature.

Bedroom

To make patients feel more secure when they leave their room the entrance to each room is recessed, to make the area right outside the room feel less exposed.

Outside each of the patient’s rooms on the wall next to their door will be placed a memory box. (Signage for Health Environments, 2020) These are boxes that contain items that are meaningful and memorable to patients. These boxes help to calm patients down by offering familiarity and comfort to them as well as triggering memories. They can also help patients remember which bedroom is theirs by them recognising their memory box.

To make patients feel at home I have placed the electronic window my group and I created in our primer project, across from the patient’s bed, which shows a chosen view from a patient’s previous home.

4 To help patients identify which room is theirs, their name has been placed on their door 24

Window added

Simulations before and after introducing new window

Window added

Section simulation showing the increase in daylight after adding the extra window

After adding window

Before adding window

21st March 12:00

21st June 12:00

21st Sept 12:00

Window

Table

Bed

Loo

Entrance

21st Dec 12:00

Realization and synthesis The type of dementia facility I decided to design was a dementia home that will house 8 residence, 4 females and 4 males, each with varying degrees of dementia. The final design of the dementia home consists of a dementia ward and its private aviary, visitors centre and two public aviaries. Once the effects of dementia on a person have become too much for their carer to handle, they can be moved into this dementia home where they will feel safe and get the care that they need. Early on in this project I became fascinated by the effect that pets and specifically birds can have on a dementia patient and how this can alter their lives for the better. As a result, I wanted to bring this form of therapy right into the centre of my project. Another reason for this is that I wanted the intergenerational activity that I was going to introduce in to the home to not just be a fun activity for patients to enjoy but also to be an integral part of the treatment provided by the home. One of the key drivers of my design was to ensure that the dementia home would be suitable for a patient to live in. I have used the knowledge that I have collected throughout the year about the design challenges dementia presents, to do this. As dementia patients are more sensitive to their surroundings you must take greater care with the environments and atmospheres that you create as an architect to encourage wellbeing and calmness within the patient. However, the dementia patients are not the only users of a dementia ward, the Nurses and patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s visitors are also users whoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience within a dementia ward must not be forgotten and must be taken into account in the design process as well. Another protagonist that heavily influenced the architectural language of my building were the birds themselves. Inspired by a photo by Xavi Bou I sought to create a stark contrast between the orthogonal nature of the plan and the flowing nature of the roof.

Bui dem

List W.C. 5m²

Laundry Rooms 30m²

Medicine Room 9m²

Staff Changing Room 25m²

Staff Room 25m²

Check-up Room 9m²

Buildings to demolish Male Hall Way

Key

Female Hall Way

2x Bedroom + Storage + Bath

88m²

2x Bedroom + Storage + Bath 88m²

W.C. 5m²

Kitchen

TV Room

Dinning Room

30m²

50m²

Games Room 50m²

The existing buildings on the site used to be used as a psychiatric ward and then student accommodation. However, now they are boarded up and derelict. The largest of all the buildings which stands at 14 m on the southern end of the site is not allowed to be demolished by the council, but the rest are. All the buildings are made of a dull grey brick that is not uplifting or energising for the site (see fig below). Therefore, I have decided to demolish all the buildings on the site. Another reason for demolishing these buildings is to prevent them from blocking any sunlight that is so vital for dementia patient’s wellbeing.

Buildings to be demolished Listed buildings

West gate Roa

Plant Room

Calming Down Area

25m²

Nurses Station

9m²

25m²

Reception

Car Park

W.C. 5m²

West gate Roa

16m²

w.c.

Aviary Reception

23m²

25m²

Gift Shop 25m²

Exotic Bird Aviary

Cafe

400m²

30m²

Visual connection

Fig (5) - (Quin, 2016)

100m

Physical connection Groupings of rooms/areas Room/Area

100m

Reception Entrance for public

Bedroom unit

Massing exploration

Dinning room

Loby area with seating

Cafe/ Restaurant

TV Bedroom room unit

Seating area

Gift shop

Entrance for patients + Nurses

Reception Laundry

Bedroom unit Bedroom unit

Seating area

Entrance for patients + Nurses

Bedroom unit

TV room

Seating area

Check up room

Seating area Medecine Internal courtyard room

Medecine room Staff Check up Room room

Exit into the public domain

Toilet

Cafe/ Restaurant Gift shop

Bedroom unit

Kitchen Seating area

Kitchen Dinning Room

Bedroom unit

Seating area

Toilet

Reception

Toilet

Reception

Entrance for public

Gift shop TV room, Dinning room

Gift shop

Bedroom unit

TV room, Dinning room

Check up room, Medecine room, Laundry

Bedroom unit

Seating area

Check up room, Medecine room, Laundry

Toilet

Seating area

Cafe/ Restaurant, Kitchen, Staff room

Toilet

Reception

Cafe/ Restaurant, Kitchen, Staff room Reception

Entrance for patients + Nurses Medecine room

Reception Bedroom unit

Toilet

Bedroom unit

Entrance for public

Dinning room

Staff Room

Reception

TV room

Cafe/ Restaurant

Bedroom unit Dinning TV room room Kitchen Check up room

Seating area

Staff Room Laundry Reception

Bedroom unit Reception

Gift shop

Entrance for public

Laundry

Bedroom unit

Check up room Gift shop

Kitchen

Seating area

Gift shop

TV room, Dinning room

Bedroom unit

Check up room, Medecine room, Laundry

Seating area

Toilet

Cafe/ Restaurant, Kitchen, Staff room

Reception

Bedroom unit

Medecine room

Bedroom unit

Entrance for patients + Nurses

Seating area

Massing altered Entrance for patients + Nurses

I have placed the Nurse station inside the court yard to allow for passive surveillance of patients in the courtyard and surrounding corridor

Reception TV Bedroom room unit

Seating area

Bedroom unit Dinning room Kitchen Seating Reception area Entrance for public

Gift shop

Cafe/ Restaurant

Laundry Toilet Bedroom unit

Seating area

Bedroom unit

Seating area

I originally had the staff room and staff changing rooms on the ground floor however decided to move them up to the 1st floor to create more space for patient related facilities

One main problem with many dementia wards is that they often have a very institutional feeling to them. One way I have tried to prevent this from happening is by placing three semi-enclosed seating areas inside the internal courtyard to replicate the feeling of a conservatory to increase the domestic feeling of the ward.

Medecine room

Staff Check up room Room

I have placed the reception partly inside the aviary to allow for visitors to see through the reception into the aviary when they enter into the visitor centre

Gift shop TV room, Dinning room Bedroom unit Check up room, Medecine room, Laundry Seating area

Many dementia patients when moved into wards don’t receive enough natural light. This can lead to Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), as well as to a disruption in their circadian rhythms, resulting in sleep disorders such as insomnia, sundowning syndrome, and irregular sleep patterns (Department of Health and Social Care, 2015). To tackle this problem and increase the amount of natural light patients receive I have placed an internal courtyard in the centre of the private section.

Toilet Cafe/ Restaurant, Kitchen, Staff room Reception

Laundry

Seating area

Entrance for patients + Nurses

Entrance for public

Gift shop

Reception

TV room, Dinning room Bedroom unit Check up room, Medecine room, Laundry Seating area Toilet Cafe/ Restaurant, Kitchen, Staff room Reception

Seating area

Bedroom unit Bedroom unit

Reception

Check up room Medecine room

TV room

Internal courtyard

Communal Area

Bedroom unit Bedroom unit

Dinning room

I decided to make the aviary more elongated to increase the distance noise would need to travel from the public section to the private section and to reduce the amount of noise created by visitors in the public section, travelling to and disturbing the patients in the private section

Seating area

Staff Room

SHARED SPACE

Cafe/ Restaurant Kitchen

PUBLIC

PRIVATE

Dementia patients often will not register to go inside when it is raining outside. Therefore, to allow patients to receive enough natural day light, which is so vital for keeping their circadian rhythm in sync (Nagari and Hamza, 2020), I have made the courtyard in the centre of the building an internal courtyard. So patients can’t get cought out in the rain but can still receive their important dose of sunlight. Another reason for making the courtyard internal and not external is to allow it to passively heat the surrounding parts of the building.

Dementia patients like to wander a lot for a vast range of different reasons. Walking can be a good activity for patients as it can reduce stress and boredom and is great exercise for patients (Alzheimer’s Society, 2020). Patients can however become agitated while wandering if they forget why they were wandering or where they are. Therefore, both the interior and exterior wandering paths are cyclical so the patient will always end up back at the communal areas, where there is likely to be a nurse. A nurse will then be able to spot that a patient is agitated and calm the patient down. 34

Initial plans Massing alterations Medecine room

Check up room

Laundry rooms

Offices

Bird aviary

Staff changing room

Storage rooms

Seating area Seating area

Bedroom unit

Seating area

Bedroom unit

Office Kitchen Toilet Reception Outdoor seating area

Dinning room

Seating area

I felt as though the bird aviary theme wasn’t integrated in to the dementia ward as much as I wanted it to be. Therefore I have added another bird aviary into the centre of the patients private court yard.

Shrunk the patient’s bird aviary to allow them to walk around it

I’ve rotated the two bird aviaries off axis by 45°c to make them stand out from the.

To encourage people to look towards the bird aviaries at certain points throughout the building I have also rotated these areas on to the same axis as the bird aviaries.

Ambulance parking

Calming down area

TV room Cafe

Bird aviary Lecture space

Toilets Office Storage room

0 35

30m 36

Explanation of plan

Critiquing plans

Each dementia patient is affected by their condition in a unique way and so patients can feel comfortable in a variety of environments, some may feel at ease in a more communal setting however others will feel content in a quitter more separated area. To accommodate for a range of patients I want to create a range of spaces for them to relax in; communal areas, spaces that are open but for a controlled number of people and more secluded and protected spaces for the most shy and nervous patients. The communal areas are all located around main bird aviary for when patients are feeling outgoing. The more private spaces are the two seating areas in between each of the bedroom units. These seating areas look out on to a walled garden. I have the idea of creating a miniature garden that is framed by the window of the seating area. The wall of the building is continued behind the small garden beyond the window to control what the patient can look out onto, to prevent anything in the distance from unnerving the patient. The intermediate spaces are the two conservatory spaces, they are open to allow patients to gaze across to the private aviary and the rest of the courtyard however are only able to be occupied by two or three patients at a time.

I have staggered the bedroom units, which consist of two bedrooms a bathroom and a storage room, to break up the long stretch of corridor down the east and west sides of the building. Long corridors are often associated with institutional buildings and thus by breaking up theses corridors it helps to maintain a domestic scale to the building. The seating areas outside the patients bedrooms are also broken up this makes these areas more private as each porch is now only share by two residence were as before it was shared by four.

2. 3.

I have kept the building on a north, south axis, this is to maximise the amount of day light for the bedrooms on the East and West and the communal areas on the South. However, in doing so the building does not integrate well with its surroundings and the northside of the building will receive a minimal amount of sunlight. As a result, I will rotate the building to be inline with the Brighton grove and the listed building.

8. The corridor of the 1st floor as well as the corridor on the north side of the ground floor are both too long and need to be broken up in order to make them less daunting and institutional

7. 7.

1. I don’t like how the draft lobby pokes out from the rest of the building in plan as it doesn’t create an inviting entrance to the building

2. This space behind the tv room and dinning room is very open so would make patients feel exposed and vulnerable when I want them to feel relaxed and secure.

1. 1.

The areas that dementia patients become most agitated are communal areas (Nagari and Hamza, 2020, pg.7). If a patient becomes agitated in a communal area it is important to be able to remove them quickly so that they do not make other patients agitated as well. Therefore, I have placed an space next to the communal areas that is for calming patients down. It is separated from the dining room by a sensory wall and has a view on to the main bird aviary. The sensory wall is similar to the one my group created in primer however without any noise stimulating parts as this might disrupt other patients. The sensory wall and bird aviary are able to help distract the patient from whatever was making them agitated in the first place.

Rather than use solid walls in parts I have used a screen made of vertical wooden battens to allow nurses to see a patient on the other side but at the same time providing patients with a degree of privacy. For example the sensory wall in the calming down area has been left with its studs exposed to provide this semi permeable wall (see fig bellow for example)

7. By turning the aviaries, it has created a number of awkward points in the plan for example in the corner of the café as well as in the private courtyard 6.

6. This is an important threshold as it is the point of transition between the more personal orientated parts of the ward and the communal areas of the ward. However, how the disabled toilet juts out into the corridor creates an awkward and uninviting end to it. When in fact I want patients to feel as though they are eased into the communal areas rather than it being an abrupt thrust.

2. 1. 3.

3. The ambulance parking area isn’t big enough for an ambulance to turn around in and therefore I need to make it larger

Fig (6), (home-designing, 2019b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 37

Communal spaces Intermediate spaces Private more secure spaces Calming down area

30m

5. I have conducted several day light simulations for these smaller gardens, and they have shown that they will not receive enough light as a result of the roofs overhang and the continuation of the wall

Fig (8) Precedent for semi-permeable partition, (Lovel, 2019)

Semi-permeable partition Fig (7) Precedent for semi-permeable partition, (Lovel, 2019)

A key threshold in any dementia ward is the movement of the patient from inside their room to the communal corridor. Sudden changes in atmosphere can cause patients to become extremely agitated and nervous so this threshold needs to be a gradual transition from the privacy of their room out into the corridor. If this threshold is too daunting for the patient, they may not venture out of their room to socialise which is very important for their mental wellbeing. At the moment as soon as a patient leaves their room, they are suddenly exposed to the entire courtyard. To make the patients feel less visible and feel more protected from the open courtyard I will be adding vertical wooden battens onto the glass. This partition will make this threshold feel less open but at the same time allowing nurses to see through it preventing patients from hiding behind it. I have the idea of placing these partitions the entire way around the courtyard and creating windows at regular intervals for patients to look through to the courtyard and their aviary. It would be especially important for there to be a handrail at these windows to allow patients that may struggle with unassisted mobility to pause on their walk around the courtyard and enjoy the scene. I was interested to visualize what poetry would be created between the movement of a userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s figure and these partitions, the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s figure only half visible until it reappears whole at the interval of each window. To envisage what this looked like I decided to make a short video here to the right.

Choice of birds The main reason why I have chosen each of these birds to go in my aviary is because they are all quiet birds that chirp every so often but arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t squawking all day and night like a large parrot would (Bunny, 2020). The reason for this is I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want the peaceful environment I am attempting to create in my dementia home to be interrupted or ruined by birds that are too loud. I have chosen a mixture of colourful and not so colourful birds, energetic and more docile birds so that there is a variety of birds for the patients to enjoy depending on how they are feeling.

Fig (9), Budgie, (Good, 2020)

Fig (10), Finches (Chen, 2016)

Fig (11) Parrotlet, (Thepsuponkul, 2020)

Fig (12), Dove, (Doe, 2020)

Developing representation At this point in the project I wanted to use the representational technique of a perspective to help portray the atmosphere my design, and the materiality of it would create. I also used this opportunity to develop my computer skills for any final perspectives I will create later on.

21st December

The need for simulations A regular dose of sunlight is very important for a dementia patient’s wellbeing as it has been proven to decrease a common effect of dementia called ‘sundowning syndrome’ (Nagari and Hamza, n.d.). ‘Sun downing syndrome’ is when a patient becomes more and more confused or agitated as the day turns into evening and the sun goes down. As well as this certain types of shadowing can cause distress for dementia patients. Shadowing that causes a sudden contrast in colour patients can perceive as black holes. As a result of this it is very important to ensure that a dementia ward receives enough sunlight through out the majority of the year without creating any irritable shadowing for patients. Therefore, I think it is necessary to conduct a series of daylight simulations using IESVE and Velux Daylight Visualizer to ensure this is the case.

6:00

21st June

21st March

Initial daylight simulation These are the results from a daylight simulation I ran using IESVE. In the simulation I modelled my building and the existing building on the site as these are the only two buildings that create any shadowing on the site. The key points I aimed to resolve using this simulation were; that the 14m existing building does not shadow parts of the dementia ward an unsatisfactory amount, the courtyard of the dementia ward received enough sunlight and that there wasn’t any other parts of the dementia ward that were being shadowed unexpectedly. The simulation showed that there was no issue with any of these point

9:00

One of the key constraints of the site and another reason for conducting daylight simulations is the 14m tall building on the Southern end of the site. As a result of this building being so tall and on the southern side of the site it creates a large shadow for a lot of the day. It is important that I make sure that this does not affect the amount of daylight reaching my building. As I have mentioned earlier dementia patients don’t respond well to sudden changes in their environment and so it is important to ensure that a dementia ward performs to the high standards needed to create an enjoyable, calming and soothing atmosphere adequate for dementia patients. One way in which the environment around someone can change suddenly is through a sudden change in the wind speed. In order to test that the wind interacts with my building in such a way as to not create any sudden changes in wind speed I will be conducting building performance simulations using Envi-Met.

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plan for the site after demolishing the existing buildings and introducing my design for the dementia ward and visitors centre. The two areas boxed on the diagram above show how the massing of my building is causing the funnel effect. This is when the air is squeezed between a narrow part between two buildings and accelerates as a result.

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21st December

Adding trees

21st March

Shadowing created by trees

Urban Performance Simulation After The Introdution of My Building

Although the effect of these wind tunnels is minimal, I still wanted to try and resolve these issues. To try and reduce the wind tunnels created I placed more trees in the areas boxed. However this only marginally reduced the acceleration of the wind.

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6:00

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By adding these trees, I was worried this may shade my building. Therefore, I used IESVE to run a simulation with these added trees. These trees did infact created an unsatisfactory amount of shading on the south faรงade of the building and as they only reduced the effects of the wind tunnel a minimal amount I decided they were not necessary to install

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21st June

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21st December

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By rotating the visitors centre it had moved closer to the main building. This could have potentially shaded the main building more than I would have liked. Therefore, I decided to run a simulation to make sure this was not the case. The simulation showed that there was very minimal extra shading caused by this rotation.

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Private carpark

I have decided to move the entrance for the dementia ward onto the East side of the building for several reasons. Firstly, after conducting the urban performance simulations I noticed that if the entrance were to be on the west side that both the entrance itself as well as the approach to the dementia ward from the main road would be left very exposed to the prevailing wind, from the west. Secondly, I wanted to give the patient’s and the staff their own car park. Already in place is a large carpark to the west however this is used by the entire ‘Campus for ageing and Vitality’ complex and now also by members of the public coming to visit the bird aviary so will often be very busy. This carpark is not a friendly or inviting space for someone with dementia and on top of that because it is a carpark used by lots of people there can be many people and cars moving around in it that could easily make a dementia patient agitated. On the East side of the site there is already a smaller carpark, so it made sense to simply expand this to use as the dementia wards private carpark which I have done. In this carpark I have placed a section for ambulance pickup and drop off and made the route a patient would take from the reception exit to the ambulance completely covered to prevent a patient getting wet in the rain. Another reason for extending this carpark for use by the dementia ward is because after moving the entrance to the West side if someone was to arrive by car they would have to park in the public car park , then they would have to walk back onto Westgate Road and up Brighton grove to reach the new entrance to the dementia ward on the East side of the site. Stagering of corridors

Alterations to plans

Communal area Nurses station Entrance Curvature to plan added Private carpark Ambulance pick up drop off ‘Cutaway area’ Outdoor patio area Main plant room

Nurse’s station

The most likely place for a patient to become agitated is in a communal area (Nagari and Hamza, 2020, pg.7). One patient’s agitation can then course other patients to become uneasy and agitated in the communal area. To allow nurses to passively survey the communal areas the nurse’s station has been placed in the centre of the communal area and has a line of sight to each of them. This allows nurses to notice quickly if a patient has become restless which allows the nurses to move the agitated patient out of the communal area before they have a chance to effect other patient’s moods.

Access to plant room

7. 9.

Maintaining a calm environment in the ward is very important for the wellbeing of dementia patients as any disruption to this could cause patients to become anxious or agitated. For this reason, the main plant room is able to be accessed from the main public car park , this prevents any work that needs happening in the plant room from effecting the environment of the dementia ward.

Alterations to plans Murmuration of plan

Elevated walkway

One of the key changes I have made is to give a more flowing form to parts of the plan, notably the glass around the courtyard and the two bird aviaries. The reason for this was because I wanted to add the energy and spirit of the bird’s motion into the plan. What I wanted to achieve was for these forms to replicate the motion of a murmuration (fig 16 and 17). Murmurations are the phenomenon when thousands of birds fly in unison with unbelievable grace and perfection. The idea was for the user to then become apart of this architectural murmuration. Two of the presidents I had been looking at for form was the Wooden Tower at Helsinki Zoo (15) and the Qishe courtyard by ARCHSTUDIO. I really liked the thoughts that backed the introduction of the fluidity of the glass and aviaries. However, the form themselves seamed too random for my liking. Murmurations themselves are not random but the shapes they produce are, there is no ‘murmuration’ shape. For this reason, I felt as though I had not given enough reason to the motion that I chose to introduce into these parts of the plan and that they were too random and so eventually decided to remove them. Another reason for later removing these curves from the plan is that the ‘cutaway areas’ of the courtyard became more open as a result.

I decided to split the public aviary into two separate levels with the public being able to walk into the aviary along an elevated walkway and the patients being able to walk around the aviary on the ground. The reason for the patients being able to walk along the ground and not the public is because one cause of dementia is that often patients will misjudge distances, this means that patients may try and climb over barriers as they don’t realise that they are in fact a dangerous distance off the ground (Society of Canada, 2018). The main reason why I later got rid of this system, of splitting the public aviary up into two stories, was because it was preventing members of the public and dementia patients from integrating. When one of the functions of the aviary is to create a space in which intergenerational integration can occur to help better the lives of these dementia patients. Also, there are two more reasons I got rid of the walkway in the aviary. Firstly, I felt the patients could find it very intimidating to have the public staring down at them from above as they walk through the aviary. Secondly, I wanted the public to be in and amongst the vegetation inside the aviary rather than looking down at it from a distance. In them being on the ground they would then be looking up at the birds and fully appreciating the bird’s ability to fly.

6. 4. 6.

3. 6.

4. 4.

Removal of first floor

Previously the corridor on the north side of the courtyard was one long corridor. I felt it was very institutional and reminded me of one of the NHS dementia wards we visited (see fig to the right). Therefore, I decided to push half of the rooms on the north side back as well as add a seating area. This seating area has replaced the two conservatories like seating areas as the ‘intermediate’ seating area for patients. By staggering the corridors around the courtyard, it helps to divide this large courtyard up into smaller spaces. As well as this it helps create cutaways in the courtyard that are more secluded. Theses cutaway areas help patients transition into the open space of the courtyard, moving from the sheltered corridor, to the more open cutaway areas and finally into the open courtyard.

I have removed the first floor of the dementia ward as I felt that it detracted away from the domestic scale of the building. The dementia ward didn’t need as many offices as it previously had.

50m

Private gardens

Fig (16) Murmuration, (Derma, 2019)

5. Fig (15) Wooden Tower at Helsinki Zoo, (Salokangas, 2019)

Patio area

Corridor of NHS dementia ward, (Author, 2019) 53

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

I have added in an outdoor covered patio on the south side of the building, for the patients to enjoy being outside and looking at the main public aviary. To prevent birds from travelling into the dementia ward this patio area will be caged off much like in these images above of 38 Mews House by Design Collective Architects. This patio areas is where the patients can enter, accompanied by a family member, friend, or nurse, into the public aviary form. For example when a family member comes to visit their loved one in the dementia ward they are able to walk out through the doors of the patio area and into the aviary to explore.

Fig (17) Murmuration, (Saha, 2017) Fig (13) 38 Mews House, (Archdaily, 2018)

Fig (18) (Qishe Courtyard / ARCHSTUDIO, Archdaily, 2020)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Elevated walkway Path for patients Private gardens Curvature to plan added Private carpark Covered seating area

50m

Previously the covered area outside each of the patient’s rooms looked out over a grass area and out to either the public car park in the West or Brighton Grove in the East, this meant that these areas were very open. This also meant that for a patient to go outside their room to these areas they would have to be accompanied by a Nurse otherwise they would be able to escape. The rooms along the West side of the building would have the prevailing wind travelling straight across the public carpark at them without any barrier. Therefore, to solve these issues I have introduced two walled gardens for the patients on either side of the ward. These gardens will be filled with greenery and trees to attract birds from the local area. Throughout the garden bird boxes will be strategically placed to allow patients to watch birds from seating areas and from their room’s covered seating area.

Fig (14) 38 Mews House, (Archdaily, 2018) Fig (19) (Qishe Courtyard /

Fig (20) (Qishe Courtyard /

ARCHSTUDIO, Archdaily, 2020)

Fig (21) Audouin’s gull, Ebro delta, Catalonia, Xavi Bou

Xavi Bou As bird aviaries are a part of my design, I wanted to incorporate this theme into the architectural language of the building. I was really drawn to this photograph by Xavi Bou and how he has captured the motion of a bird’s wing while it flies, the bird moving with such grace while its surroundings stay perfectly still. So, I decided to incorporate this oscillating movement into the roof of my building, and like the back drop of Xavi Bou’s photograph, I wanted to create a stark contrast between the roofs fluidity and motion, in section, and the rigidity and stillness of the horizontal components , in plan.

Interpretation of flight This is an important conceptual image that I did, which influenced the design of my building a lot. It is an interpretation of the composition of Xavi Bou’s picture, the rectangle representing the still back drop of the landscape and the curved line symbolising the movement of the bird.

I want the dementia patients of my building to feel calmed and comforted by the elegant motions in the roof whilst being taken under its wing. The physical structure embodying the caring and protective work of the nurses.

Shanghai Jiabei Country Park West - Visitor Center The visitors centre was designed by East China Architectural Design & Research Institute. Although the main movement of the roof is horizontal it is delicately lifted at the entrance of the building. This is exactly the sort of effect I would like to introduce into my building. However, not just at the entrance but the entire way around. The use of a standing a seam roof and exposed beams helps to exaggerate the movement in the roof by breaking it up into segments visually. The exposed beams and how they extend further than the roof look very skeletal and so could be used in my building to mimic the bone structure of a bird.

Fig (23) Shanghai Jiabei Country Park West - Visitor Center (Archdaily, 2018b)

Fig (22) Shanghai Jiabei Country Park West - Visitor Center (Archdaily, 2018b)

(Fig (30) Sayama Lakeside Cemetery Community Hall, (Archdaily, 2016)

Sayama Lakeside Cemetery Community Hall

(Fig (27), Howarth, 2013) Fig (31) Sayama Lakeside Cemetery Community Hall, (Archdaily, 2016)

Fig (24) Shanghai Jiabei Country Park West - Visitor Center (Archdaily, 2018b)

((Fig (28) Howarth, 2013) 57

Fig (25) Shanghai Jiabei Country Park West - Visitor Center (Archdaily, 2018b)

Fig (26) Shanghai Jiabei Country Park West - Visitor Center (Archdaily, 2018b)

((Fig 29) Howarth, 2013) 58

Experimenting with different types of roof structure Here are some of the experiments I did with different roof structures. The two types I looked at were an undulating beam structure and a monocoque roof structure. I preferred the beam structure because it captures the movement of a bird better than the monocoque structure. You can see the individual movements of a bird in the beam structure where as the monocoque roof seams to blur this into one large stationary shape.

Fig (33) ArchDaily (2020)

Fig (32) ArchDaily (2020)

Fig (34) ArchDaily (2020) Fig (37) (atelierten, 2020b)

Grimstad public library, Norway I studied the Grimstad public library in detail and used it as the main precedent for the build-up of my ceiling. I really like the warmth that the softwood slats and glulam beams have created in the library. I also like how the beams are partially exposed in the ceiling giving the ceiling a skeletal look to it. The ceiling also look wing like in parts due to the large staggered windows and slanted roof.

Fig (38) (blogspot 2018c)

Fig (35) ArchDaily (2020)

Fig (36) ArchDaily (2020)

Wing structure

A birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wing unfolds in an arc and so I thought I would replicate this in the roof of my building by having the beams of the roof radiating outwards from a central point.

Lifting parts of roof I decided to lift parts of the roof above the dinning area and activities room to create extra windows to allow more light into these spaces. These windows can also be used to ventilate the surrounding areas with the stack effect by allowing hot air to leave the building through them. I used the Hartlepool Wildlife Centre as a inspiration for this alteration. The Hartlepool Wildlife Centre roof is made up of sequence of raised segments designed to look like bird wings.

Fig (39) The Newsroom (2016b)

Roof structure

Each feather tappers off to a point so I thought it suitable to do the same with the beams in my building. At this point I thought I would continue these beams out into the courtyard and for each of them to connect to the aviary in the middle. This would then create an interesting undulation of the exposed beams (see sketch to the right) as they rotate round, each one finishing at the netting of the aviary. However, I later removed this feature and made the beams stop at the end of the roof. This was because of conducting a daylight simulation using my SketchUp model. The daylight simulation showed that these beams were creating a series of shadows throughout the day that would cause irritation to dementia patients. As well as this it would make the courtyard feel enclosed and would also make it seam to someone looking up as if they were in a huge cage. I want the dementia ward to feel free and open, so patients feel this way as well.

Early stages of structure 1st floor and the geometry of the roof

Separating 1st floor roof

The roof begins at a height of 2.5m around the courtyard and then rises gradually as the beams reach the edge of the building. The roof will be at its highest above the dinning area and the games room. To create the roof, I first determined the heights I wanted each space to be and then created these spaces as plain cuboids before folding the roof over them. I experimented with the roof by; folding it over and under the 1st floor to maintain the covered walkway, just under leaving the roof of the 1st floor flat and finally by splitting the roof of the 1st floor from the roof of the ground floor. I decided to go forward with the 1st floor having its own separate roof. The main reason for creating this visual separation between the 1st floor and the ground floor is because the 1st floor only contains the staff room. The staff room’s sole purpose is to be an area the nurses feel they can relax in and have a break in during a busy and exhausting day of looking after the patients. And so, I would like to cause this split in the roof architectural to suggest a split subconsciously to the nurses that this is an area they can recharge their batteries before continuing with their important work. The Newcastle Maggie Centre, which I visited in my spare time, I used as a president for the separation of the 1st floor roof. The roof of the Maggie centre rises from an orthogonal base and slants towards the sun to maximise the amount of sun the solar panels on it receive. Like the Maggie Centre the roof of the 1st floor will have photovoltaics on it but to maintain the domestic atmosphere of the ward they will be photovoltaic roof tiles. The roof will also be slanted to increase the amount of sunlight the photovoltaics’ receive, half of the roof to the East and the other half of the roof to the West.

Reintroduction of 1st floor

I decided to reintroduce the 1st floor on the north side of my dementia ward. Now there will only be a staff room on the 1st floor as the main reason for me adding a second floor back into my design was because I felt it important that the courtyard was passively surveyed. By placing the staff room on the 1st floor, it allows this to be achieved. Parameters for roof

The main parameters for the roof were that it created a covered walkway around the outside of the courtyard for patients to walk under and still be protected by the rain, and that the peaks and troughs of the oscillating motion occurred at areas that need natural light the most, i.e. bedrooms and communal areas. The reason for this covered walkway is that dementia patients like to wander a lot for a vast range of different reasons. Wandering can be great for dementia patients as it helps them reduce stress and boredom and is a good form of exercise for them (Alzheimer’s Society, 2020). This covered walkway allows patients to be closer to the nature, which is vital for their mental wellbeing as it has it has been proven to reduce stress in dementia patients (Halsall and MacDonald, 2020, p.27).

Fig (40), Newcastle Maggie’s Centre (Centres, 2013)

Fig (41), (Centres, 2013)

0 Fig (?) 1:20 detailed section, ARCH 3013, Author (2020)

Daylight simulation of courtyard After changing the geometry and structure of my roof I felt it necessary to investigate whether these changes were affecting the amount of sunlight that was reaching my courtyard. Especially in the north east corner of the courtyard. However, the simulations showed that the courtyard was receiving enough sunlight.

21st December

21st June

21st March

Progression of Visitors Centre ‘On the outside looking in, on the inside looking out’

6:00

One of my conceptual ideas was to submerge the visitor centre entirely inside the public aviary in juxtaposition to the lay out of the dementia ward. While in the dementia ward I wanted the user to feel safe from outside the aviary looking in at all the birds. Whereas, when entering the public aviary, I wanted the user to feel as though they had entered into the bird’s realm. And they were no longer watching the birds, the birds were watching them.

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18:00

I have now moved the visitor centre fully inside of the dementia ward to create a more immersive experience. One of the main changes I made for this iteration was that I moved all the rooms of the visitors centre on to the 1st floor. I wanted to lift the rooms off the ground up into the realm of the birds and leave the area below the visitors centre empty below. I changed the staircase of the visitors centre into a spiral staircase as well, to mirror the way in which birds rise up thermals (see fig to the right). I have also added an exterior walk way Fig (42), (thermals) around the outside of the building to provide another route out of rooms in the case of a fire as well as allow users to walk around and pause while they look out across the site. I do not like the ‘L’ shape of the events room as the area that curves round towards the toilets is not an effective use of space. Also, if an event were to be held in there and someone was doing a speech from one corner of the room the people at the other end of the ‘L’ would have to come round the corner before they would be able to see the speaker. The positioning of the café and outdoor covered seating area works well because both are facing south to receive a maximum amount of daylight. The position of the toilets and events room also works well as the toilets are facing north and don’t need any sunlight anyway and the events room has a glass wall on the East side to allow afternoon light to shine in.

Visitor centre is grounded

Fig (43), (Kaynemaile Ltd. 2020b)

I decided that in fact the visitor centre would work better if it was on the ground as dementia patients find it hard to travel upstairs, become extremely agitated when using lifts and find it hard to judge distance so can try and climb over barriers when high off the ground. For these reasons, the visitor centre would be more dementia friendly if it was only on the ground floor rather than elevated off the ground. Another reason for bringing the dementia centre back to the ground floor is that users will appreciate flight more, if they themselves are unable to reach the same hights as the birds.

Kaynemaile Fig (47), (Kaynemaile Ltd, 2019)

Kaynemaile is a fully recycled alternative to any steel chainmail. At first it seamed like a material that I would like to incorporate into my design for the netting of my aviaries because it is fully recyclable. Another part that intrigued me was the motion that some architects had managed to achieve with it (see fig above). However, after some further investigation I found that some of its companies selling points for it may in fact be negatives from my project’s perspective. For example, it reflects the majority of heat energy and sunlight. I want the netting of the dementia ward to have as little impact on the environment of the ward as possible, i.e. create as few shadows as possible and allow for good ventilation of the courtyard to aid in the ventilation of the building.

Fig (48), (Kaynemaile Ltd, 2019)

Fig (44), (Martin, 2020)

10m

For this iteration I decided to get rid of the events room to create an open courtyard space around the staircase to make the exit onto the 1st floor from the stairs feel less constricted. Any events that would be put on in the visitor centre will now be held in the café. I have also added a store cupboard behind the café with two entrances, so stock does not have to be brought through the café in front of customers. To give the visitors centre the same architectural language as the dementia ward I have given it the same beam and undulating roof structure (see fig below, showing quick sketch from my notebook of me placing the beams)

Fig (49), (Kaynemaile Ltd, 2019)

10m

Fig (45), (Horsham, 2020)

Fig (46), (Kaynemaile Ltd. 2020b)

Variations of bird aviaries I want the bird aviaries to create a contrast between both the dementia ward and the birds inside them. Therefore, I chose the material of the aviaries to be steel painted white as I want them to seem colourless compared with bright birds that they house. I have also chosen for them to be orthogonal in plan to continue the theme of a rigid plan throughout my design.

Carmody Groarke’s chainmail shed around Mackintosh’s Hill House

Fig (50), Carmody Groarke’s chainmail shed around Mackintosh’s Hill House (Fearson, 2019)

Fig (53), Carmody Groarke’s chainmail shed around Mackintosh’s Hill House (Fearson, 2019)

For these bird aviaries I decided to experiment with similar geometry for the top of each one as the roof of my dementia ward. To create the geometry of them I continued the lines of the beams of the dementia ward to the centre of the radial point at which they originate from. The aviary on the left uses rectangular steel beams whereas the aviary on the right uses circular steel beams. The circular beamed aviary looked out of place when placed next door to the dementia ward and visitors centre as no where else in my design have I used a cylindrical shape. I also like how the vertical beams of the aviary on the left are angled at the same angle as the surrounding beams of the courtyard, joining the two unison. However, with circular beams you are unable to do so. Around the edge of the aviary on the right I have added secondary beams that mimic the waves of the roof however this makes the language of the aviary over complicated and confusing, a degree of simplicity is lost.

71 Fig (51), Carmody Groarke’s chainmail shed around Mackintosh’s Hill House (Fearson, 2019)

Fig (52), Carmody Groarke’s chainmail shed around Mackintosh’s Hill House (Fearson, 2019)

Final bird aviary design The reason I settled on this design was because it creates a coherent relationship with the surrounding dementia ward and visitors centre and also has a minimal amount of horizontal parts to its structure. The benefits of using cross bracing rather than horizontal beams is that it looks less like a cage and also allows for a more open structure to allow the user to see into and through the aviary more easily. I have chosen to stop the cross bracing 2500mm above the ground to prevent it blocking the user’s line of site. I have placed a handrail around the entire aviary to allow every patient, even if they have issues with their mobility, to get close to and look at the birds. The handrail will be painted red to make it more visible for patient with dementia (Alzheimer’s Society, 2015, pg.11). For the handrail to go the entire way around the aviary it folds upwards at the doors for when some one needs to go inside the aviary. Below is a cage structure that inspired this aviary.

Variations of bird aviaries cont. The main reason I didn’t chose to use either of these aviaries was because they each have too many horizontal lines of structure. I think this gives off the language and atmosphere of a cage a person would be locked up in rather than an aviary. Another reason for not using the aviary on the top was because when placed on site next door to the dementia ward and visitor centre their architectural language didn’t interact well with each other to produce a cohesive design.

Fig (54), (Author unknown)

Peaks

To allow more natural light, which is so crucial to the patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wellbeing, into these areas 1

Bedroom

Dinning area and acitivity area

Staff area

1 1

5 1

To create a welcoming entrance 4

Roof takes flight A diagram showing how the roof of the dementia ward mimics the movement of a birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wing in flight.

Entrance

Troughs To create a more intimate and calming atmosphere

Seating area

Calming down area

1 5 1

6 2 2

4 76

Structural strategy and construction sequencing 450mm x 140mm glulam beams radiate out from a central point across the building. These are held up by 450mm x 140mm glulam columns around the courtyard that are angled in the same direction as the glulam beams. All interior CLT walls of 150mm rise to meet the glulam beams and are connected to each other where they cross paths using concealed plates. All the external 150mm CLT walls are 2500mm tall. However, where the glulam beam crosses the external wall the exterior wall rises to meet the beams and are joined using concealed plates. There are also 250mm x 140mm glulam rafters that connect the radiating glulam beams. The CLT staircase core creates lateral stability.

Tertiary structure windows and door frames 450mmx140mm glulam beam

225mmx140mm glulam rafter

Secondary Structure 140mm x 225mm glulam rafters

Fig (?) - Screenshots from glulam span tables, (lilleheden, 2020)

(Author, quoted from ARCH 3013 Module)

Exterior wall of 150mm thick CLT 450mm x 140mm glulam beam facing court yard

Interior wall of 150mm thick CLT

Primary Structure 140mm x 450mm glulam beams

Fig (?) - Diagram showing the different connections to the main glulam beams, ARCH 3013, (Author, 2020)

Primary Structure glulam collumns CLT stairwell core Secondary Structure CLT floor board

Primary Structure glulam collumns CLT walls

Fig (?) - Diagram showing which parts of the walls rise up to meet the radiating beams, ARCH 3013, (Author, 2020) Fig (?) entrance analysis, ARCH 3013, Author (2020) 77

Entrance analysis

sola powered LED bollard lights bollard

3m All three of the disabled parking spots follow the dimensions recommended by diagram 2

pedestrian’s route disabled user’s route

Entrance 1 is reserved for ambulances only. Ambulances will enter through the Entrance 1 and exit through Entrance 2. Cars are only allowed in and out of Entrance 2.

route from ambulance

The parking area consist of 14 parking spots: 1 for an ambulance, 3 for disabled users and 10 for ordinary cars.

The pedestrian’s path to the entrance is lined with sola powered LED bollard lights to help pedestrians see the path at night. The roof above the entrance is also fitted with LED lights for the same reason.

Entrance 1

tactile paving surface with a ‘blister surface’ fall protection tiles

The barrier between the parking area and the pedestrian’s path is lined with 800mm of tactile paving surface. This is to warn visually impaired users that they are walking into an access route for vehicles. The tactile surface complies with the ‘blistering’ advised in section

public pavement

Sloped area

Either side is lined with a 100mm yellow boarder to make it easier for visually impaired people to see the edge of the path and the direction they should be walking in. The pedestrian path is made of rubber fall-protection tiles. Dementia patients often fall as their sense of balance is greatly reduced. Therefore, the pedestrian path is made of rubber fall protection tiles to reduce their injuries if they were to fall. The parking area is at the same level as the pedestrian’s path to make it easier for disabled and visually impaired users to make their way to the entrance of the building. However, the pavement is 150mm higher than the road. Therefore, two sloped areas are needed, both at the meeting point of the pedestrian’s route and the public pavement. These two slopes are at a gradient of 1:20 making the length of the slope 3000mm.

bollard

The whole of the parking area is surrounded with bollards at 1m intervals apart from by where the ambulance parks. To allow for a hospital bed or stretcher to go to and from the ambulance they are 2m apart. These are to protect pedestrians from the cars.

Entrance 2

6.2m

(Author, quoted from ARCH 3013 Module)

6m 2.7m

0.8m 3m 3m

Fig (?) entrance analysis, ARCH 3013, Author (2020)

Sustainability Strategy + Environmental Design Ventilation

A mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) system extracts air mechanically from the bathrooms and kitchens to create a negative air pressure. This drags the air from surrounding areas towards the bathrooms and kitchens and up into ventilation pipes. The dirty air is then transported through the ventilation pipes in the roof to the MVHR unit in a plant room on the East side of the building.

Extraction point for MVHR

- In the winter, the warm and humid air from the bathrooms is extracted by the MVHR into the environment. The heat of this extracted air is transferred by the MVHR to the cold incoming air from outside. - In the summer, the MVHR will automatically shift to its â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Summer Bypass Modeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. This allows for the warm and humid air from the bathrooms and kitchens to be extracted straight into the environment, bypassing the exchanger. - The exhaust for the MVHR system has bean placed on the North side of the building out of site from users and also to allow the prevailing wind from the west to blow the dirty air away. In any of the rooms (not including the communal areas) air flow can be controlled manually by a user opening or closing windows. There are windows placed all around the central courtyard that automatically open and close to control air flow. The dining room area, events room and parts of the surrounding communal areas are ventilated using the stack effect throughout the summer and parts of the winter. Parts of the roof have been lifted to create windows that automatically open and close to control air flow. In the summer cool air will enter through windows on the ground floor. This air will then be heated up by the sun shining in and rise up out of the windows in the roof.

dining room

(Author, quoted from ARCH 3013 Module)

air flow

hot air rising

81 (?) - Ventilation diagram of ground floor in the summer, ARCH 3013, Author (2020) Fig

areas ventilated by stack effect

area where air is extracted mechanically

events room

plant room containing MVHR

ventilation pipes

air flow

Fig (?) - Ventilation diagram of 1st floor in summer, ARCH 3013, Author (2020)

hot air rising

areas ventilated by stack effect

area where air is extracted mechanically

ventilation pipes

Use of renewables The 155m² of photovoltaics, strategically placed on the 1st roof, will produce a large proportion of the building’s energy consumption all year round to power electrical appliances such as lights and power sockets. As well as this the building will use ground source heat pumps to heat its water supply (Author, quoted from ARCH 3013 Module). The pipes for the ground source heat pumps will be placed under the area already being escavated to create the private car park.

1. Sun heats the ground

1. Sun creates light

(Author, quoted from ARCH 3013 Module)

155m² of photovoltaic Services Void roof tiles

Plantroom of 32.5m2

Pipes for Ground Source Heat Pump

2. Cold fluid is pumped through the pipes and is heated by the surrounding ground

2. Photovoltaic Cells convert light into DC electricity

Heat Pump

3. The heat pump transfers heat to the hot water system or to the underfloor heating system

Inverter

3. The DC electricity travels to the inverter where it is converted into AC electricity

4. This AC electricity then travels to the fuse box where it is distributed around the house and any excess electricity can be stored or sold to the national grid

Boiler 4. The boiler stores this hot water to be used in baths, showers and hot water taps

Fig (?) - Ventilation diagram of ground floor in the summer, ARCH 3013, Author (2020)

Underfloor Heating System

Seats to pause Dementia patients often find it scary moving from one setting to the next. This is one of the reasons I have placed a seat outside each bedroom which is cut out of the wall. This allows them to sit while they adjust to the environment, outside they’re room, with the comfort of knowing if it all gets too much they can return to the safety of their room. The second purpose for these seats is to allow patients to sit and take a break while they are wandering the cyclical corridor and look into the courtyard at the bird aviary. These seats were inspired by ones that I saw on my visit to the Maggie’s Centre in Newcastle. (see fig below)

Final plans 11.

12. 12. 12. 12.

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16. 16. 19. 17.

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1. Dinning area 2. Winter garden 3. TV room 4. Nurse’s station 5. Games area 6. Reception 7. Office 8. Bedroom unit 9. Check-up room 10. Medecine room 11. Staff changing room 12. laundry rooms 13. Kitchen 14. Main plant room 15. Calming down area 16. Public Toilets 17. Cafe 18. Cafe storage room 19. Groundsman storage room 20. Bird aviaries 21. Private Gardens 22. Seating area 23. Bin storage 24. Secondary plant room 25. Staff room

(Author, 2019) 85

Plans analysed Changes to aviaries

One major change that I have made to the public aviary is by splitting it in two. Previously I had the idea of having one larger aviary that the visitors centre would be inside of. However, I decided against this idea because if a patient could find this too intense an experience, and if there were to they would not be able to turn this stimulus ‘off’ quickly. However, with two aviaries that patients are able to walk around at their own leisure, with the company of a nurse or visitor, allows for a more calming atmosphere for the patients to enjoy the birds in. Another change to the aviaries that I have made is that they are no longer right up against the dementia ward. The reason for moving them further away is because from inside the communal areas of the dementia ward the patients would be looking directly into a cage, giving the illusion that the patients and their dementia ward was in fact locked inside a cage. I want the dementia ward to feel free and open to make the patients feel this way and creating space between the aviaries and the dementia ward helps to do this. The reason the public aviary, closest to the dementia ward, has been placed where it is, is firstly to allow patient to enjoy a view of the birds and nature inside it from the comfort of the dementia wards communal areas. Secondly, so that patients on their route to the visitors centre through the winter garden have to interact with members of public of all ages. The reason for placing the second public aviary where it is, is to make the public walk past it on their way to the visitor’s centre.

Seating areas

I have kept the seating areas for the public centred around and within the visitor’s centre. The reasons for not placing them any closer to the existing building is because daylight simulations, that I have shown already, indicate that these areas would be shaded for a large proportion of the day all year round. Therefore, if seating areas were placed there the likely hood is that they would not be used. The reason for not placing seating areas closer to the dementia ward, north of the visitor’s centre, is because I felt the patients may become uneasy if they had people sitting opposite them looking in. Although members of the public are able to walk around the aviary and look into the ward, I believe it would create a very different atmosphere in the ward if people were sitting staring in.

1. 1.

Fire regulations

After analysing the fire regulations, I made a few changes to my plans to ensure that my design followed the governments guidelines. One change I made was to add two sets of doors to the private gardens to allow for a means of escape out of either. These doors will have the patten of bricks painted on them to prevent dementia patients from being able to see as they will think they are a continuation of the wall. Another alteration I made was to change out the large windows of the secluded seating areas on either side of the building for a set of doors that would allow users to escape from in the event of a fire. Façade of existing building

The façade of the existing building I have decided to allow to be overgrown with vegetation. Firstly, to encourage wildlife and wild birds to return to the site and secondly to create a focal point for users of the visitors centre to gaze up at while they enjoy a cup of coffee.

Winter garden

In moving the aviaries away from the façade of the dementia ward this left the covered outdoor open. To allow patients to still enjoy a view out over the site yet still retain the security needed in a dementia ward this area has been turned into a winter garden. This winter garden can be used to heat the rest of the building in winter. Patients will be able to exit through the winter garden but only with a Nurse or visitor as this door will be locked with a code.

Paths

I have made the paths around the site orthogonal to retain this theme of keeping my project rigid in plan yet flowing in section. Visitor centre

I have extended the west wing of the visitors centre to protect the courtyard from the prevailing wind from the west, to create a more sheltered and pleasant environment in the courtyard. As well as this I have enlarged the store room for the café and added a store room for the groundsmen that will do the upkeep of the aviaries and greenery of the site.

Fall protection tiles

Dementia patients fall over frequently. This is because they are more likely to experience problems with mobility, balance, and muscle weakness (Nhsinform.scot, 2020). To reduce the number of falls all of the dementia ward (apart form stairs to 1st floor), visitors centre and surrounding paths will be level as dementia patients find it hard to walk on uneven ground. External areas will also be tiled with fall protection tiles that are designed to absorb most of the impact if patients do fall (Slip-not.co.uk, 2020).

Patient Public Nurse Visitor 87

1. Changes due to fire regulations

Staff room

Check up room

Seating area

Privat bird aviary

Outdoor seating area

Winter garden

Public bird aviary

Visitors Centre

Communal areas

3. 4.

1. Michelle and Gary Michelle and Gary heard about the new aviary from their children who had visited it on a school trip. The kids were full of it when they got home so Michelle and Gary suggested they all go at the weekend. The kids enjoyed counting the birds and trying to identify the different species and were given a fun quiz to fill-in at the reception.

2. Ali an Jacob Ali had always enjoyed bird watching before he moved to Newcastle for work. City life made him feel less connected to nature but then he heard about the aviary. Now he brings his son, Jacob who had just started kindergarten for their Saturday morning treat. Jacob loves watching the birds especially the brightly coloured budgies and Ali feels he has found an oasis of calm in the middle of the busy city.

3. Jack and Jane Jack visits his mother, Jane ever very-end. Jane is now in the advance stages of dementia and is not always able to recognise Jack. However, she has always loved drawing and will sit for hours sketching the birds and the trees whilst gazing into the aviary. They will discuss her drawings and often she will allow him to take one home as a memento.

4. Louis Louis was one of the first patients to arrive at the dementia ward. He has a strict routine. Every morning he goes for a walk through the gardens and around the aviary. After taking his exercise he sits with his paper and a cup of coffee enjoying the hustle and bustle of the dinning area.

Courtyard of dementia ward

1. Carol and Geoff After their early morning shift, Carol and Geoff are relaxing on the nurses terrace. It gives them time to catch up on any issues that might have arisen with their patients that morning. Even if its raining they are well protected from the elements by the over-hanging roof. They can also keep an eye on their patients, some of whom are wandering around the aviary down below.

2. Barry Barry is taking his daily constitutional. This now consists of being wheeled around the aviary in his wheelchair by Syd his favourite nurse. They both enjoy the fresh air and discuss what their favourite birds are up to, many of whom they have their own pet names for. This reminds Barry of when he was a little boy and kept his own budgies in a cage.

3. Peter and Sue Peter was omitted into the dementia ward six months ago after his doctor diagnosed early onset dementia. He is only 65 but Sue his wife was finding it increasingly difficult to cope with his forgetfulness and loss of memory. She visits him every other day and loves to sit with him next to the private aviary which helps to stimulate conversation between the two of them.

4. John John is a care worker studying for his nursing exams. He likes to sit and revise during his lunch break in the peaceful surroundings of the private aviary. It helps him to relax and unwind after his long shifts on duty.

5. Penny and Jose Penny and Jose had just finished visiting Joseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mum who has been in the dementia home for two year. He is now bed bound and can only be wheeled out of her room on her bed. Penny and Jose always like to look at the birds after what can sometimes be an upsetting visit. It helps them to unwind and compose themselves before they must face the outside world again.

Field trip case study We were each give specific sections to complete as a group. In the corner of the sections I was given to do I have stated that they were done by me.

Author (2019)

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Visit to Newcastleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Maggie Centre

Illustrated cultural bibliography Fig (?) - (Author, 2019)

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Fig (?) - (Author, 2019)

Fig (?) - (N. Lyons, 2019)

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Visit to Castleside Dementia ward

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