THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Irene Dumitrascu-Podogrocki Urban Forest_Paper Mill
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Contents
Technical & Environmental Strategy p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p 10 p 12 p 13 p 14
Standard Conditions for Papermaking Factory Programme Structural Systems Overview Truss Iteration Axo - module, part of a whole Building Sequence Materials Section, scale 1:200 @A3 Integrated Section, scale 1:100 @A3 Details, scale 1:10 @A3
p 16 p 17 p 18 p 19 p 20 p 22 p 24
Fire Strategy Fire Strategy - Basement Plan Fire Strategy - Ground Floor Plan Fire Strategy - First Floor Plan Rainwater Drainage Environmental Considerations Material Making - Form/Function
NOTE: For precedent analysis, please refer to design portfolio.
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW
Standard Conditions for Papermaking Factory
Location
Temperature ( C)
Humidity
dry storage
15-27
34-45
books
18-21
38-50
general
15-27
25-50
NOTE: “general” includes binding, cutting, folding, gluing processes
Location
Air Filitration Allowance
working
0.5
storage
0.2
general
0.25-0.75
(h -1)
NOTE: “general” includes binding, cutting, folding, gluing processes
In many instances with historical industrial design, the manufacturing process was the priority, not the wellbeing of the workers. With this in mind, I join Hemsworth Architects in their use of CLT in industrial design. CLT and glu lam are the main ingredients to my project; wood is known for its biophilic properties, promoting wellbeing and good air quality (reducing the issue of Sick Building Syndrome). There is the additional benefit of the memory embedded within the material, reminding us of the journey, of various materials.
ARB CRITERIA GC5, GC7
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Programme
PROGRAMME - Offices/Control Room - Library/Workshop - Kitchenette
First Floor 9.500
- 3 cores for vertical circulation
PROGRAMME Ground Floor 0.000
- Transfer Area/Shaft - Fourdrinier Machine - Paper Reel Storage - Loading Bay - Service Yard - Utilities - Lightwell
Core 3
Core 2
Core 1
- 3 cores for vertical circulation
PROGRAMME Basement -5.000
- Pulp Storage - Wash, Pulp, De-inking - Utility Room/Log - WC/Changing Rooms - Lightwell - Rainwater Storage - Boiler Room - 3 cores for vertical circulation
ARB CRITERIA GC5
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Structural Systems Overview
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS – AN OVERVIEW System
Name
Roof pitch
Span L
Straight beam on two supports
≥ 3°
< 30 m
Double pitched beam on two supports; Single pitched beam
3 – 10°
10 – 30 m
h ≈ L/30 H ≈ H/16
Pitched cambered beam on two supports
3 – 15°
10 – 20 m
h ≈ L/30 H ≈ l/16
Continious beam on several supports
≥ 3°
< 25 m
L/20
Truss on two supports
≥ 3°
30 – 85 m
L/10
Three-pin roof truss with or without tie
≥ 14°
15 – 50 m
L/30
Three-pin roof truss with tie and trussed beams
≥ 14°
20 – 100 m
L/40
Three-pin arch with or without tie
f/l ≥ 0,144
20 – 100 m
L/50
Three-pin portal frame with finger jointed haunches
≥ 14°
15 – 25 m
(s1 + s2)/13
Knee braced portal frame
≥ 14°
10 – 35 m
(s1 + s2)/15
Three-pin portal frame with curved haunches
≥ 14°
15 – 40 m
(s1 + s2)/15
Half portal frame with pinned columns
≥ 20°
10 – 25 m
L/25
h
h l
L/17
H h l H h l
h l
h l
h
l
h
l
h
f
l
S1 h
S2
S1 h
S2
S1 h
S2
h
l
After much consideration, I decided to disregard the traditonal portal frame typology (warehouse design), in favour of the truss.
Reference: “Glu Lam Handbook, Volume 1”, Wood Campus ARB CRITERIA GC5, GC7, GC8
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71
71
THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Truss Iterations
ARB CRITERIA GC5, GC7, GC8
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Axo - module, part of whole
5 4 3 2 1
A B
SCALE 1:500
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Building Sequence
Step 0 Excavate and insert formwork, ready for concerte (basement). Step 1 Assemble the glu lam frames and insert the gutering in between the beams.
Step 2 Attach the secondary structure, rafters and cross bracing.
Step 3 The final segments of the roof, CLT - vapour barrier - insultion - battens cladding will be attached to this structure, bolted and nailed, respectively.
Step 4 In a similar sequence to the walls of the precedent, Passive House Factory, by Hemsworth Architects. The outer layer, will consist of CLT, gypsum soaked kraft paper/(or) OSB, insulation, horizontal battens and cladding.
ARB CRITERIA GC7, GC8
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Materials
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS USED (Embodied Energy - MJ/Kg) (Embodied Carbon -KgC/Kg ) - CLT (8.5 MJ/Kg) (0.125 KgC/Kg) - OSB Board (9.5 MJ/Kg) (0.139 KgC/Kg) - Timber (hardwood) Cladding (7.8 MJ/Kg) (0128 KgC/Kg) - Glu Lam (12 MJ/Kg) (- KgC/Kg) - Vapour Barrier - Insulation (rigid) - Concrete (1:2:4) (cement:sand:aggregate) (0.95MJ/Kg) (0.125 KgC/Kg) - Glass (15 MJ/Kg) (0.232 KgC/Kg)
ARB CRITERIA GC8
10
THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Materials
Structural Explorations
Materials close to site
ARB CRITERIA GC5, GC7, GC8
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Section, scale 1:200 @A3
0
1
2
3
4
5m
N
ARB CRITERIA GC5, GC7, GC8
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Integrated Section, 1:100 @ A3
0
1
2
3
4
5m
N
EA
3130
EA 3155
04
02
06
10
08
EA 3065
14
12
01
03
05
07
09
11
13
16
15
ARB CRITERIA GC5, GC7, GC8
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Details, 1:10 @ A3
ROOF - NODE (A)
2.
1. 3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
140 x 18mm hardwood cladding 25 x 38mm battens 206mm insulation vapour barrier 100mm CLT 200 x 380 glu lam beams 200 x 340 glu lam beams gutter drainage
4. 5. 9. 6.
7. 8.
FLOOR - WALL 1.
2.
1. (Wall, outside to inside) 6 x 20mm tongue and groove cladding 25 x 38mm horizontal battens 2 layers kraft paper soaked in asphalt or 12mm OSB 50mm insulation 100mm CLT 200 x 340mm glulam columns (6x6m grid) 2. (Floor, lowest layer to the top) 287mm lignature timber soffit left exposed 40mm impact sound insulation 27mm ply, floating, tongue and groove
ROOF - NODE (A)
FLOOR - WALL ARB CRITERIA GC5, GC7, GC8, GC9
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Detail, Basement - Wall, 1:20 @ A3
DETAIL 2 - WALL (scale 1:20)
1.
2.
1. (Wall, outside to inside) 6 x 20mm tongue and groove cladding 25 x 38mm horizontal battens 2 layers kraft paper soaked in asphalt or 12mm OSB 50mm insulation 100mm CLT 200 x 340mm glulam columns (6x6m grid)
DETAIL 2 - FLOOR (scale 1:20) 2.
15mm floor covering 4mm tile adhesive 80mm screed with underfloor heating 1mm separating layer 40mm sound impact insulation concrete waffle slab
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Fire Strategy
1km
rad
ius
N
[prevailing wind: 260 - 281 ]
NOTE: [Fire strategy] - boreholes within 1km radius of site - main access routes for fire engines - location of key receptors - North and prevailing wind
[Swalwell Community Fire Station] route: Hexham Road, B6317, Chain - - - Bridge Road, Factory Road (1.9 miles)(5 minutes)
[storage of combustible material] - max. height 5m - max. length 20m - max volume 750m^3 - max. area 235m^2 - minimum separation distance 6m
[Newcastle Central Community Fire Station] route: Hillhead Road, A69, A1, - - - - - - Scotswood Road, Chain Bridge Road, - Factory Road (4 miles)(9 minutes)
300m^3 pile needs at least 2,000L/min for 3hours
KEY boreholes fire engine route
[West Denton Community Fire Station] route: Rye Hill, Westmorland Road, Park Road, Scotswood Road, A695, Chain- Bridge Road, Whitley Road, Factory - - - Road (3.7 miles)(8 minutes)
NOTE
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[For more infomation on boreholes and their placement, please refer to the following link]: http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex/home.html?layer=BGSBoreholes
ARB CRITERIA GC4, GC7, GC11
THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Fire Strategy Basement Plan
COMPARTMENTALISATION
DRY STORAGE - max. height of pulp pile: 5m - max. length/width: 20m - max. volume: 750m^3 - max. area: 235m^2 - min. separation between piles: 6m EVACUATION ZONE - 10m around perimeter
MONITOR - monitor - rotation daily - sub surface temperature checked - moisture content assessed - daily inspection 1AM-1PM - automatic detectors: smoke & heat
NOTE: I understand that the regulations refer to direct routes, the circles are simply to help illustrate the cover/accessibility to all escape routes.
Fire Protected Stairwell 1
Escape ladder (max. height 5m)
APPROVED DOCUMENTS B (VOLUME 2) - Direct Escape Routes (1 exit: 12m) (2+ exits: 25m) - Above data is for high hazard, Industrial
Fire Protected Stairwell 2
12m
24m
Fire Protected Stairwell 3
Escape ladder (max. height 5m)
ARB CRITERIA GC4, GC7, GC11
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Fire Strategy Ground Floor
Exit points EVACUATION ZONE - 10m around perimeter
FIRE FIGHTING SHAFT
ARB CRITERIA GC4, GC7, GC11
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Fire Strategy First Floor
ARB CRITERIA GC4, GC7, GC11
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Rainwater Drainage
A
B
A
A
B
ARB CRITERIA GC7, GC9, GC11
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Rainwater Drainage
A Section (AA) Plan AA
B Section (BB) Plan AA
A Plan AA
Section (AA)
B Section (BB) ARB CRITERIA GC7, GC9, GC11
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Environmental Considerations
ACOUSTIC ZONE 2 Industrial
ZONE 1 Recreation
ZONE 3 Railway
ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATIONS - sources of sound - transmission through building - acoustic quality of room MAXIMUM AMBIENT NOISE
4
5
1 1
2 3
1
Light Industry - <65-75 dB
2
Loading Bay - <60-75 dB
3
Warehouse - <65-75 dB
4
Open Plan Office - <45
5
Recreation - <50-55 dB
As the pulp storage and washing/pulping/de-inking are loacted underground, the earth should act as a partial sound barrier. In addition to this, the areas outlined in pink, contain one of the following acoustic dampening strategies: impact sound insulation and/or timber ribs (high sound absoption).
VENTILATION
FIRST FLOOR - windows may open, towards the outside
EA
3130
EA 3155
04
02
06
10
08
EA 3065
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12
01
03
05
07
09
11
13
16
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GROUND FLOOR - main body of CLT floats above ground, allowing for natural cross ventilation in the openings marked
BASEMENT - 2 lightwells/shafts allow for natural cross ventilation - mechanised available as well
ARB CRITERIA GC7, GC9, GC11
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Environmental Considerations
DAYLIGHT
The facade floates above a strip of glazing, allowing the observor a view through the site, if there are no obejects/machinery in the way, In addition to this, there are 3 large openings, to allow material to pass in and out of the space. The final set of glazing can e found in trianguar form, just beneath the roof. These cannot be opened.
ARB CRITERIA GC7, GC9, GC11
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Material Making Form/Function
Origami
(160 gsm)
*
(90 gsm) (35-55 gsm) * ”waterbomb” tesselation, not my own design I chose ‘aggregate’ as my material for exploration during the ‘Material Making’ task. Manufacture of recycled paper requires a ratio of Virgin pulp (sawdust) 30: household dry waste:70. I briefly looked into the various possible additives (bio-resin and ‘method 3’) for utilising sawdust in another manner to mulch, fuel, cat litter etc. Within the built environment, there are many companies who convert sawdust (an aggregate) into structural or interior panelling (e.g HONEXT). In my own investigation, I wanted to better understand the adhesive’s relationship to the aggregate and subsequent mechanical properties. Unfortunately, both experiments were on the opposite ends to another.
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THE BIG HERE AND THE LONG NOW Material Making Form/Function
(50kg) (50kg)
week 2
(reference: https://materiom. org/recipe/52)
Aggregate (sawdust & paper pulp) week 1
SAWDUST (method 1) - 50g - 15g agar agar - 5ml glycerol - 15ml cornstarch - 250ml water
(weigh)
(additive) week 3
(exposure)
week 7
(method 3) + sawdust
Grade 1
Grade 2
PAPER PULP (method 2) - 3 sheets, newsprint (blend) - 200/300ml water - (thin/thick)
(method 3) - 4 sheets, newsprint (torn) - 1g pectin - 1g lemon juice - 10ml water
(6 sheets)
(weigh)
(blend)
(method 4) - 3 sheets, newsprint. (blend) - 15g agar agar - 5ml glycerol - 15ml cornstarch - 250ml water
(strain)
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