Simon Ng Portfolio by PDF Uploads

PORTFOLIO 2020-2021 ARC8052

SIMON

NG CHI MING 170751731

[ Content ] Critical Introduction...................................

Design Portfolio Context........................................................

Welcome to Justkirkgate..........................

Protagonist..................................................

Phase II.......................................................

Utopian Vision............................................

Repeating the Mistake..............................

Live and Learn...........................................

Final Design................................................

Technology Portfolio

ARB General Criteria Part 2 are documented throughout the portfolio

Amended 2

New

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Case Study..................................................

107

Environment...............................................

117

Structure.....................................................

125

Acoustic......................................................

132

Accessibility................................................

136

Facade Mechanic......................................

142

Reflective Conclusion...............................

144

Critical Introduction Hello and welcome to the Justkirkgate project! Not old; not new; not us; not them; It is Justkirkgate, where everyone be as one and diversity is embraced, where everything is timeless and the future harmonises the past. It is located around a social housing estate called Kirkgate in Leith in Edinburgh. It was built in 1960s through the government Slum Clearance Act and underwent a renovation in 2002. Following the Coalfield Lane Redevelopment by Collective Architect in 2018, which was funded by the Edinburgh Council and is in construction as we speak. The next stage of redevelopment will be extending to the entire Kirkgate Social Housing Estate, forming the frame work of Justkirkagte Project. The project aims to provide architectural solution and response to existing and speculated needs of the ethnic minority in Leith, which composes of a large population there. The project is built on filling gaps that 60s utopian architect’s visions have overlooked and introducing new context, responding to modern social conditions. It will be achieved by improving existing local infrastructure and living quality with the final aim of celebrating the cultural diversity in Kirkgate ethnic mutual inclusiveness. 4

With Kirkgate as the gateway in between Leith and Edinburgh, the most deprived area with the highest crime rate, Kirkgate presents itself as a place with physical, economical, historical and social edge conditions. And that’s what interested me on how can I make it a better place. With the research that majority of Kirkgate residents are ethnic minority, I have completed a master plan outlining different infrastructures that will be in place in this project, through the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from physiological needs to self-actualisation.

ical instability. Under the new British Oversea Citizens visa policy, UK home office is expecting up to 1 million HK immigrants over the next five years.

The first phase of the project has successfully launched in January, composing of a series of interventions near the north Kirkgate, including a multicultural market, mental health support centre and a multifunctional pavilion, primarily as playground.

As a result, the second phase of the project will contain a multilingual library with language learning and service, and an integrated accommodation for ethnic elderly groups and new immigrants.

Phase 2 of the project will now be launched to tackle speculated circumstances which include aging population among ethnic community and an upcoming immigrant’s wave. Therefore, the two main protagonists of the phase 2 will be ethnic elderly who experience loneliness and hardship accessing social health system due to language and cultural reasons, and immigrants from the next immigrant wave, which primarily will be Hong Kong immigrants due to polit-

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Research has shown that language places a key element in the settlement of immigrants. Language learning not only provides job opportunity and social opportunity to immigrants, but also helps bonding the local and the ethnic minority together, situating itself well to tackling the monolingual situation in Scotland.

From a visitor persspective, the project will bring a Kirkgate that is much safer, more inclsuive and energetic that has been heard about for years. The beloved community center is now enhanced, expanded and more welcoming than ever where families can enjoy the new facilities Justkirkgate is not the perfect project. It can’t provide solution to all scoial problems. However, through celebrating communty engagement starting from construction process to programme arrangment, the people will make the perfect building for themselves. The project can not create a better Kirkagte, but it will be the catalyst to one.

Once it is completed, this will be the very first multilingual library in Edinburgh. From a resident perspective, the project will bring in new vision to the estate and wash out its bad reputation in Leith. Enclosed accomodation that embraces sensity of community will be where I am living in. All the programmes are designed to fit around my daily life from going to work to buying groceries. A wide range of housing scheme will also be provided to satisfy people with different economic ability. 5

Context

“The seemingly unsafe neigbourhood”

With the studio taking interest into different kinds of edge conditions, a social housing estate called Kirkgate in Leith, Edinburgh caught my attention. Being named by the a residents as the scariest part of Leith, Kirkgate is an area of high crime rate in Leith and it is often associcated with danger and insecurity. Apart from just simply being a rough area, Kirkgate presents itself as a place of physical, economical, historical and social edge conditions. By studying these edge conditions and ongoing government development plans in Kirkgate. I will be able to discover the urban environment, livelihood and most importantly social problems that are hidden under its notorious reputation. This will eventually inform my architectural solution to tackle the problems within the neighborhood. 6

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Social Residential Estate Edge

Urban Edge Condition

Preserved Old Kirkgate Edge Newkirkgate Shopping Center Edge Listed Building Pedestrain Access

Located at the north-east side of Edinburgh, Leith shares edges with the coastal line and outskirts of Edinburgh city.

Traffic Access Water of Leith Edge

Kirkgate, as an entrance to Leith dock from Edinburgh city centre, is composed with three distinct quarters which are: The commercial quarter, which includes Newkirkgate shopping center and Leith Community Centre, marked by the edge of St Anthony’s place; The historcial quarter, which includes the Trinity House and South Leith Parish Church, marked by the edge of the church graveyard, which are all listed and the only trace of what Kirkgate used to be. The Residential Area, which includes Linksview House, Kirkgate House and a series of low rise residential buildings along Giles Street and Coatfield Lane. Marked by the edge when Linksview house meets Queen Charlotte Street. These urban edge conditions which are situated in and around Kirkgate, create architectural opportunties for the project.

Commercial Space Residential Space Cultural and Historical Space Edge of building function

Kirkgate Axonometric Drawing

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Urban Edge Condition Mapping

Vertical Edge Condition With Leith being built in the 60s, a time full of utopian vision from architects, when skyscrapers kept popping up to fulfill accomodating the population growth under the flow of urbanisation. High rising social estate blocks like Linksview House, Kirkgate house and Cables Wynd House were built in and around Kirkgate. These buildings turned into landmarks of Leith and can be distinguished from Edinburgh, they also marked a significant height difference with the surrounding buildings at the same time, creating a visible vertical edge. This became a characteristic of the area which the project has to respond to later on. Vertical Edge

Old Kirkgate

Residential Kirkgate

Kirkgate House

Leith has gentriied massively over the past decade. People are deenitely still nervous and cautious though. The gate to enter Kirkgate from Leith

Linksview House

It is not the properties that are the problem most of the time it is the people. South Leith Parish Church

Why all these buildings look just like prison blocks

The most used circulation space

Newkirkgate Entrance from Edinburgh to Leith

Momumnetal Skyscaper of the area

Survivor from Regeneration

Tree and Houses

Pedestrian Bridge Victorian Facade

Just give these people a private garden Windows all broken All fenced up

To car park

Stabber Alley

Underground Carpark

What are all these green space even for

Affordable shopping center

All fenced up

Leith

Edinburgh East Side Site Section

Old Kirkgate

Old Kirkgate Survivor from Regeneration

The valuable past?

Residential Kirkgate

Kirkgate House

Leith has gentriied massively over the past decade. People are deenitely still nervous and cautious though.

It is not areitthe problem most ofLeith the time it is I agree Leiththe is aproperties great area. I that do think is hard to forget what used to bethe like people. though

The gate to enter Kirkgate from Leith

Linksview House

Newkirkgate Entrance from Edinburgh to Leith

Momumnetal Skyscaper of the area

Newkirkgate Residential Kirkgate

Naming it Newkirkgate is kinda like trying to seperate the pastTree fromand the Houses present Kirkgate

Linksview House

I have been hearing a lot of stories happening at night recently. I really think people shouldn’t be alone at nigh, lots of area have been really bad recently South Leith Parish Church

Why all these buildings look just like prison blocks

The most used circulation space Homeless Tunnel Pedestrian Bridge

Really good community center actually

Carpark entrance to the platform

Pedestrian Bridge

“Scenetic path through the Kirkgate”

Victorian Facade

Trinity House Maritime Museum Just give these people a private garden

Still looking like prison cells

Exit to Giles street

More residential hosuing

Windows all broken

Some sort of playground that all fenced up

All fenced up

To residential buildings LIDL

Underground Carpark

Stabber Alley More affordable shops

To car park

What are all these green space even for

Affordable shopping center

All fenced up

Leith Edinburgh

Leith Edinburgh West Side Site Section

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Historical Edge Condition

HISTORY OF THE LEITH’S KIRKGATES

Kirkgate is an ancient thoroughfare in Leith, Edinburgh

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After studying the physical edge conditions, I am now moving onto the invisible edge conditions. The word ‘Kirk’ in Kirkgate means ‘Church’ in Scottish and former Northern English language.

Trinity House Trinity house, which was built by archiect Thomas Brown ,is a building which was a guild hall, customs house, and centre for maritime administration and poor relief.

This directly explains the origin of Kirkgate - the ‘gate’ of Leith from Edinburgh where several churchs stand until these days, including Kirkgate Church, South Leith Parish Church and Church of St Mary. It was once the main passage way connecting Leith Dock and Edinburgh City Centre during the peak of industrialisation before it got pedestrianised.

South Leith Parish Church The church began as a chapel dedicated to St Mary which was erected in 1483 and dedicated in 1487. The church is served as a community hubs nowadays where people gather and serve a food bank providing for those in need.

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1846

1848

St Mary’s Star of the Sea Church

1898

1899

1900

New Gaiety Theater

1920

Leith become part of Edinburgh

1939

WW2 begin

The historical edge of Kirkgate laid in 1960s when the government launched the slums clearance act , which marked the end of the historical old Kirkgate and the beginning of modern day Kirkgate which beholds the ambition of brutalism and addresses the huge amount of population growth.

Slum Clearance Act By lates 1950s, Edinburgh City Council were committed to rehousing the city’s working classes in high quality schemes to give people a healthier and more secure form of housing. The streets, closes and alleys of Leith were overcrowded, filthy and descirbed as “unfit for human habitation” by city council at that time.

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Edge

1959

Kirkgate street scene

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This carried along the establishment of Newkirkgate shopping center, marking the root of consumerism here.

The Newkirgate shopping centre Building on the new Kirkgate shopping centre in February 1966. Photo taken before Lord Provost Weatherstone laid the foundation stone.

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Kirkgate redevelopment started This year marked the begining of the redevelopmet of Kirkgate. As shown is the first new houses that was built.

Construction of the Kirkgate House This year marked the begining of the redevelopmet of Kirkgate. As shown is the first new houses that was built.

Opening of the new Kirkgate shopping centre

Opening of Leith Community Center Leith Community Centre was first constructed in the last 1960s following the clearance housing & businesses which formed the original Kirkgate. Our building has changed over the years following some redevelopment.

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1970

Lowest economy point of Leith Newkirkgate entrance at Great Junction Street 2001

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Kirkgate refurbishment The Newkirkgate shopping center was refurbished and removed the previous indoor shopping center.

UK Social Class Average Annual Income

Social Edge Condition

Upper Class

Social edge condition is directly related to people’s lifestyle and the livelihood of Kirkgate, which is untouchable and constantly changing, yet the most important part.

Establsihed Middle Class Income

£47,000

With Kirkgate being one of the most deprived areas in Leith, it also carries the name of highest crime rate. This is not only influencing perception of its visitors, but also straightly reflects the struggles of its residents. The social edge of Kirkgate is the gap in between different social classes in society. With Kirkgate residents average earnings falling below the median of a UK resident average, this dropped Kirkgate residents into the lower class of society. This means Kirkgate resident s have financial struggle and limited access to quality lifestyle. And with this social status, it fairly explains the attachment of the Newkirkgate affordable shopping centre.

Upper Class

Median Household Disposable Income

£30,420

Edge

Kirkgate Resident’s Average Income

Poverty Line Income

£20,000

£12,200

Lower Class

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Ethnic Minority immigration into Scotland

Ethnic Edge Condition Through studying the demographic of Kirkgate, research showed that over 50% of Kirkgate’s residents belong to ethnic minority groups which are not born in UK or EU countries. This reveals the ethnic edge in Kirkgate. This led to research into immigration in Scotland. By tracing the immigration history in Scotland, we can see how work opportunties and development have driven people all around the world to come to Scotland. Some of them have come to Edinburgh and see Kirkgate in Leith as where they are going to root. Kirkgate has always been an area where marginalized groups in society seek refuge, it was once for the working class who lost their job due to deindustrialisation, and now for the ethnic minority immigrants who seek Scotland as their new home. The edge created by the ethnic difference between different Kirkgate residents will also be why ethnic minority will be put under spotlight to be the target audience of this project.

The changes in Ethnic minority pay

GeneraI immigration into Scotland Since the early 19th century, significant numbers of immigrants have moved to Scotland as a land of opportunity for more work and higher wages, especially for those from countries of deep poverty, persecution or ethnic harassment.

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1900s Eastern European like Italian, Russian and Polish in of opportunity of industrialisation

1930s Jewish population due to the outbreak of World War

2000s African and Caribbean population as asylum seekers and refugees

1960s Southeast Asian like Indian, Pakistanian and Chinese to look for economic opportunity

Coatfield Lane Redevelopment After analysising various edge conditions, Kirkgate was revealed to be a unique area filled with different social problems and opportunities. As a result, in order to wash off its negative reputation, Edinburgh City Council saw the potential of a better neighbourhood and commissioned Collective Architecture in 2016 for a redevelopment in Kirkgate since its last one in 1970s. With a consultation launched by the council in 2017 generating insight from the public of key problems (parking, safety and anti-social behaviour), Collective Architecture had developed a proposal and the planning application was granted in 2018. The demolition started taken place in 2020 and contruction is beginning in 2021.

Coatfield Lane Redevelopment Site (by. Collective Architecture)

View from Coatfield Lane overlooking back of Coatfield House (by. Collective Architecture)

Coatfield Lane Redevelopment Site Strategy (by. Collective Architecture)

View from Kirkgate Lane overlooking front of Coatfield House (by. Collective Architecture)

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Ethnic Edge Condition

Ethnic Minority

Social Edge condition

Welcome to Justkirkgate Project ! “Not old; not new; not me; not you; not us; not them; It is Justkirkgate”

Following the Coalfield Lane Redevelopment proposed by Collective Architect in 2018, which was funded by the Edinburgh Council and is under construction as we speak. The next stage of redevelopment will inevitably be extending to the entire Kirkgate Social Housing Estate, laying the basic frame work for the Justkirkagte Project. The project aims to provide architectural solutions and respond to existing and speculated needs of the ethnic minority in Leith, which composes of a large population there according to research. The project is built upon filling gaps that 60s utopian architect’s visions have overlooked and introducing new context to responding to modern social conditions. It will be achieved through improving existing local infrastructure and living quality with the final aim of celebrating the cultural diversity in Kirkgate and achieving ethnic mutual inclusiveness. 20

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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Ethnic Minority’s Needs

Self-actualisation

Multilingual Library

Well Being

Mental Health Support Center

Children

Playground

Family Issues

Domestic Support Center

Job Opportunity

Foreign Language Learning Center

Daily Life

Market Place

Phase I

Esteem

Cultural Recognition

Safety Needs

Phase II

Love and belonging

Physiological Needs

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Masterplan

Playground for single family child:

Based on the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from psychological needs to self-actualisation, I have identified different needs of ethnic minorities in Kirkagte and the responding infrastructure to fullfill those needs. I am now proposing a masterplan following the coatfield lane redevelopemnt and all the infrastructures in places.

Immigrant Mental Health Centre:

This master plan will be seperated into two different phases by dividing between exisiting needs and speculated

The old underground car park is now renovated into a mental health centre. We are recieving a lot of reservations from new immigrants who need counselling due to their home sickness

Children with different ethnicities are enjoying the new renovated playground together, while their parents are shopping or getting counselling

Elderly Care Afforable Housing: Kirkgate have a huge number of isolated elderly. This affordable housing provide living and gathering space for those in the senior communty to gather and support each other

Foreign Language Learning Center: Want to learn a new language? Don’t miss out the language classes here led by local native speakers

Multilingual Library: The first multilinual library in Edinburgh is now open and residents can now have access to books with different languages from all around the world

Kirkgate Farm: Enjoy farming and tired of searching for exotic ingredients in UK? Why not plant it yourself? Reusing the inactive existing green space, the Kirkgate farm is now open.

Justkirkgate Market: Can’t find your home ingrediant anywhere? Come to this multicultural market packed with traders from all around the world. You are guarenteed to find what you need.

Coatfields Lane Redevelopment Community Center extension: The Leith Community Center is extended using the empty vertical space in Newkirkgate and is now able to provide additional service

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Justkirkgate Phase I Phase one of Justkirkgate project is aimed to respond to existing residential needs, mainly targeting ethnic minority groups. It has been successfully launched by January, composing of a series of interventions near the north of Kirkgate, including a multicultural market, mental health support centre and a multifunctional pavilion primarily as playground.

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Protagonists

“Ethnic Elderly & New immigrants”

Phase II of Justkirkgate project is now under consultation by Edinburgh City Council and Leith Central Community Council to analyse the potential protaganists for the project after Phase I success. With the concept of tackling speculated needs of Kirkgate residents, it will be providing solution to meeting the contemplated social problems in Scotland regarding ethnic minority issues. According to research, two od the potential problems are aging population among ethnic community and upcoming immigrants wave. As a result, the two main protagonists of the phase 2 will be ethnic elderly who experience loneliness and hardship accessing social health system due to language and cultural reasons, and immigrants from the next immigrant wave, which primarily will be Hong Kong immigrants due to political instability. 28

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Protaganist 1

Speculated Socail Condition 1

Aging population

Ethnic Elderly

Scotland’s population is continuing to age, with a 50% increase in over 60s projected by 2033. As a result, there is a strong urban/rural dimension to the aging population.

A quarter of Kirkgate residents are elderly and majority of them are living on a pension. These pensioners need not only extensive physical care due to their disability due to aging, but also social care because of their financial struggle.

Age population will lead to a decline in the working-age population and increase in dependency ratio. According to research by Scottish Government, Scotland’s dependency ratio is projected to increase from 60 per 100 to 68 per 100 by 2033. This means age related public expenditure in the UK is projected to increase from 20.1% of GDP in 2007-8 to 26.6% in 2057, laying down a heavy burden on health care costs.

Within these elderlies, needs of older people from ethnic minority communities have been particularly received as lower level of awareness. Beyond the physical problems that come with aging and loneliness experienced. Common misconceptions about mental illness, problems like dementia are often neglected. Let alone the language barrier against their access towards service information.

This is going to create inevitable changes to economy and social condition in the forseeable. It brings questions like where are these elderly going to live? How are they going to live? What kind of help do they need? And most importantly, which marginalized group within these elderly will be needing help the most?

As a result, the JuskKirkgate sheltered housing will be providing a community living environment, offering seniors opportunities for socializing in their retirement life. As a retrofitting from existing community center which is right next to an NHS health & social care clinic, residents are guaranteed to have direct access when needed.

These are problems that can not be ignored.

Issues Associated with Ethnic Elderly

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Extensive Physical Care

Financial Struggle

Low Level of Awareness

Loneliness

Cultural Misconception

Language Barrier

Protaganist 2

Speculated Socail Condition 2

Immigration Wave

Hong Kong Migrant

As a destination for immigration for over a century, Scotland recieves 85 new immigrants every day according to national record. As a result, it will always have to be ready for the upcoming immigration wave.

Under the new BNO policy, UK Government are expecting a median of 322 thousand applications and maximum HK immigrants up to 1 million in the next 5 years, this still indicates a huge immigration wave to the UK soon.

In 2019, the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement broke out in response to the introduction of Fugitive Offenders amendment bill by the Hong Kong Government. This movement in concern of oppression of freedom and violation of human rights had ended up in a year of social unrest and political instability.

This enormous number of immigrants is going to distribute across the whole UK and as one of the main cities, Edinburgh will inevitably take some impact. Especially Leith which would attract immigrants who are looking for afforable accomodation and inexpensive living costs.

Therefore in June 2020, China’s parliament imposed a severe security law on Hong Kong. The British Government seen it as restriction on the rights and freedoms of the people of Hong Kong and constitutes a clear and serious breach of the Sino-British Joint Declaration.

With the the high financial ability this visa is required to apply, the new system is expected to bring 240 billion in revenue. As a result, the policy is practically only benefitical to upper- or middle-class citizens and its noble intention is questionable.

As a result, UK Home Office announced a new system in Jan 2021 over BNO (British National Overseas) citizens, which would allow applicants to recieve British citizenship after five years of living here. This new policy is certainly going to cause a new immigartion wave.

As a result, my protaganist will be the true victims of this political situation. They are the young Hongkongnese with low financial ability, who will be experiencing hardship in seeking accomodation, work opportunities and forming new social circle during their settlement.

1 July 1997

3 April 2019

16 June 2019

31 August 2019

Hong Kong was handed from the UK to China under the Sino-British Joint Declaration agreement, ending its 100 years of colonisation

The Extraditional Bill, which would allows criminal suspects to be sent to China for trial was introduced despite public opposition

An estimated 2 millions people march in one of the biggest peaceful protests to date requesting withdrawal of the bill

Special Tactical Squad stormed Prince Edward station, where they beat and pepper-sprayed the commuters and protesters inside.

17 Novemeber 2019

30 June 2020

6 January 2021

31 January 2021

“The Siege of Hong Kong Polytechnic University” begin with a major conflict between protesters and police.

National Security Law was passed by China’s top legisture aimed to settle the civil unrest in Hong Kong despite global opposition

53 Hong Kong pro-democracy activists were arrested by the National Security Department as political oppression

In response to China violation of human right, UK announce a new visa available to BNOs citizens and their close family members

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Immigrants Type

Young adults

Professionals

Families

In response to China violation of human right, UK announce a new visa available to BNOs citizens and their close family members

Kirkgate House Newkirkgate Shopping Center

Lidl

South Leith Parish church Leith Community Center

Phase II

Trinity House

“Multilingual library with language learning and translation service; Integrated accommodation for ethnic elderly and new immigrants”

South Leith Parish church Hall

Phase II Site Lodge Trafalgar

Residential Housing

After the consultation, the two main protaganists have finally been identified and the proposal for Phase II of Justkirkgate project will be drafted next. Research has shown that language places a key element in the settlement of immigrants. Language learning not only provides job opportunity and social opportunity to immigrants, but also helps bonding the local and the ethnic minority together, situating itself well to tackling the monolingual situation in Scotland. As a result, the second phase of the project will contain a multilingual library with language learning and service, and an integrated accommodation for ethnic elderly groups and new immigrants. 34

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Site Location Located in a North West position, the site for Phase II is relatively enclosed and surrounded by existing buildings. This provides shelter from wind and protection from traffic noise despite its central Leith location. With a new tram line being built and its short distance from public transport. This makes it a perfect spot for a library and elderly home as it is a quiet area with convenient access.

Listed Buildings Noise Wind Sun Vegetation Bus Stop Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Cultural Buildings 36

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Intergenerational Communication

Power of Languages

Enabling multilingual families’ parents to have access to mother tongue’s books which allow them to read together with their children. Providing opportunities for identity developement and connecting the family together.

According to research, language learning is not only going to create positive impact in assisting settlement of new immigrants, but also help bring people of different backgrounds and diffrerent nationality together. The benefits can be shown by the diagrams on the right.

New Immigrants Integration

With language barrier being the biggest hinderance for immigrants, the language learning center provides chances for english learning and help with adopting to new environment.

As a result, these benefits have made it a key elements in developing the programme for Phase II project.

Extend Existing Services

With the current community center already offering some language courses, additional assistance can be provided and more resources will be avaliable to reach out to a larger group of audience.

Multicultural Inclusiveness

Wider education about foreign culture and languages which facilities mutual acceptance and understanding between different communities.

Bonding

Bring immigrants who’re in need of english learning and locals who are interested in foreign languages together, hence facilities cultural exchange and mutual understanding.

Advert for polish teacher on site showing its need for language learning resources

Opportunities for Locals Against Monolingualism

Not only with job opportunities will be created, but also foreign language learning will be more accessible for local learners.

As the most monolingual country in Europe and with risk of becoming a monolingual society after Brexit, poping up of language learning facilities is in hope to fix that

Language Research Despite a few language service in the area, but the JustKirkgate library will be the only multilingual library in Edinburgh.

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Centralizing resources which allow easier access for research and academic purpose, and contact to native speakers through the facilities services

Scottish Gaelic

With the number of Gaelic speakersdecreasing every year, the importance of preserving, inheriting and passing on this ‘local’ language is obvious.

Justkirkgate Phase III With a brief from the Edinburgh City Council on providing living accommodation for at least people in need of social and physical care, with associated facilities as a vehicle for their rehabilitation, the programetic proposal of the project has finally formed after identfying the two main protaganists and analysising the key driving elements. Therefore, the second phase of the project will contain a multilingual library with language learning and service, and an integrated accommodation for ethnic elderly groups and new immigrants. The JuskKirkgate intergrated assisted housing will be providing a community living environment, offering seniors opportunities for socializing in their retirement life and immigrants a chance to adopt to the new environment. Moreover, with an extenion from existing community center which is right next to an NHS health & social care clinic, residents are guaranteed to have direct access when needed.

Well Being

Mental Health Support Center

Children

Playground

Family Issues

Domestic Support Center

Job Opportunity

Foreign Language Learning Center

Daily Life

Market Place

Phase II

Multilingual Library

Single Elderly Collage

Phase I

Cultural Recognition

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Multilingual Library Collage

Multilingual Library Programmatic Precedent

The Kittiwake Trust

Spaces require for multilingual library

With the one of the infrastructure programmes as multilingual library being settled, the study of application and running of a multilingual library in UK has now started. Which we gladly have been able to invite The Kittiwake Trust to join our programme in Leith following their wills of expansion from their original location in Newcastle due to its popularity. As one of the most successful multilingual libraries in UK, the operation of Kitiwake Trust Library in Newcastle will act as a precedent on how this Justkirkagte main infrastructure is going to function programmatically. The content of the library will include at least 15,000 books for adults and children, in 103 languages when it first opens, The collection will be added up overtime in hope of public donation. With children as potentially the biggest user of the library, most children’s picture books are not for loan due to its high cost to replace. However it will encourage families to read together in the library and see it as a second home and a socialize space. For our adult reader, a wide range of dictionaries and journals will be avaliable, for both educational and research purposes. Additionally, multimedia learning is encoraged as well in which we will also have DVDs available. All the language resources will also be accessible by our Bilingualism Matters team ,based at the University of Edinburgh, who are responsible in collabrating with our Leith Community Center staff and volunteer in running language classes in the new facilities, as well as translation services.

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Multilingual Library Programmatic Precedent

Buccleuch House Being built in 2015 by Levitt Bernstein, Buccleuch House is a replacement of a run-down apartment building in London. This made its site to share similar characteristics with the project, a substitution of existing abandoned dwelling. With the integration of three different types of community, Buccleuch House set a perfect precedent on how to integrate three distinct groups of people to form a community in one unified building, which is first buyer, elderly and Jewish orthodox. The façade and interior plan also responds respectively to these three distincts. The living facilaties can take reference from this multi-community intergation accomodation progamme, creating a coherent living environment between ethnic minority and new immigrants. This study makes Buccleuch House a perfect precedent when it comes to the Justkirkgate House intending to intergrate ethnic elderly and new immigarnt co-living

View from interior of Buccleuch House

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Draft Schedule of Accomodation

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Utopian Vision

“As an extension of the infamous Leith Community Center. We need to know it first.”

With the two main programmes having been reviewed by the council and consultation from the residents, the construction progress finally begins.

Christmas tree and carol singers at the Kirkgate shopping centre in Leith, December 1976.

With the project situated in a site which was built in 1960s, it carries the utopian vision of archiects at that time, it represents the way of designing of an era; it brought solutions to social conditions at the same; it also created problems that remain to be resolved. And the Justirkgate project will be carrying spirit and the passions of providing a better life for the people and filling in gaps that people before us have overlooked, by reactivating exisiting car park spaces and extending the existing community centre. As an extension of Leith community centre, we will be analysing its problems and stripping it down programmetically and structurally to discover a solution for our new infrastructures. 48

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Existing Plan The current building is occupied by retail on ground floor and a community center which is relatively popular within the neighbourhood on first floor.

Existing First Floor Plan

Simpilfied Floor Plan of Lieth Community Center

Farmfood

Bank of Scotland

Cancer Research UK

Retails

Pound Stretcher

Detailed Exisiting Ground Floor Plan, Planning Application 2006

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Exisiting Ground Floor Plan

Existing Structure

Roof

The Leith Community Center was built alongside with the Newkirkgate Shopping center back in the 60s. Orginally the whole estate was built by reinforced concrete with columns and beams. Then the whole shopping center underwent a renovation in 2002 which demolished some of the original structure and fit on new steel frames. The Justkirkgate project will continue that rythm on modifying the community center building with timber frame extenRoof

Steel Roof Trusses

Concrete Structure being built in 1960s

First Floor Columns

Newkirkgate Shopping Center before renovation. 2001

Ground Floor Beams

Newkirkgate Shopping Center after renovation. 2002

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Ground Floor Columns

Demolsihed 53

Existing Problems

Existing Access to Leith Community

There will be a few existing issues that I will have to resolve with my proposal. First, existence of unpleasant spaces, one of the examples will be the dark tunnel next to Aldi which is used to store shopping trollies, As a result, it is common to find homeless people and drug addict along that tunnel. As a frequently used circulation space, it creates potential threat and disturbance to the neighbourhood.

Stairway

Second, there is no existing facade for the community center. Locating in the middle of a populated square, the center was “hidden” on first floor and there is no clear indication of its existence from the main route. This significantly lowers the welcomeness of the center. Third, diffcult accesses. With the center having no entrance from ground floor, there are only three ways to enter the center. They are all indirect and challenging for any potential visiters.

Lift

Current View from Newkirkgate shopping center public square

Roadway

Adil Trolly Storage Tunnel

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1. Existing Context

2. Striping away secondary and teritary structure

3. Available Volume

4. High Street horizotal circulation

5. Surrounding typology and roof shape

6. Adoptation to existing primary structural elements

Repeating the same mistakes

“Too restrained by existing structure and approached the design too rigidly”

After studying the site and exisiting buildings, the first planning application was made in March 2021. However, the application was rejected due to various reasons. Being hugely distracted and restrained by the existing structural grid, the initial design attempt here is rigid and rough. As a result, it ended up ignoring the local context and blind by the technic elements. By overlooking the importance of creating atmospheric space, simply driven and efficiency, designing and appraoching from aerial perspective only results in the design being “off the ground”. This is exactly repeating the same mistake as the 60s methodology tha tproject criticised on. Therefore, the proposal was sent back for redesigning in which will take in all these elements into consideration in the hope of creating a final outcome which can be satisfying for all stakehoders and meet the needs of the community. 56

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2/F

3/F

G/F

1/F 59

Live and Learn

“More sensitive, more grounded, more community focus”

Learning from the rejection, the design methodology will focus more on atmosphere and how the user will be perceiving the space. Therefore, the design appraoch will now be more sensitive and community focused, emphasise the creation of enjoyable space instead of being efficacious and tectonic oriented. Not just simply landing a new building into the estate but to merge it within the context. Another methodology is to create moments, which show in this collage in celebrating the palimpsest on site which was originally covered by commercial ads. 60

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“Just round the corner” 61

Alley to Friendly? One the issues is oriented around removing unpleasant space around the site. In which apart from the tunnel next to Aldi, the alley next to Trinity House will be another focus. Therefore, I started discovering the potential of this alley space on site and what kind of atmosphere it will be able to create. Hence introducing new geometry to the site and informing the grid for my new massing.

Alley Shape Experiment

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Reintroducing the marginal space 64

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Massing Developement As the initial site grid sketch, it shows how the new buidling is going to be introducing new grid lines with the inspiring on opening up the alley. Also it represents how the massing development has been referencing the geometry of the adjecent buildings on site.

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Massing Strategy

1. Existing Context

2. Demolish pedistrian tunnel and partial building

3. Massing following site grid

4. Central courtyard allowing sunlight in

5. Stepping back from historical building

6. Catpure of natural light from skylight

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Final Massing The final massing for the new builing that I have settled on responds carefully to envirornmental elements while it was designed to blend in the context and provide new context.

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Programme Volume In terms of programmes, the building function will be divided into an enclosed accomodation of the northern side and an extension for community center on the southern side. On the hosuing side, it will be an integrated accomodation providing varous type of living space to mee the need of different type if immigrants and elderly out there. It will be a series of aprtment sitting on top of sequence of 2 storey house. It help creates a sense of an enclosed neighbourhood with a neighnourhood. On the extension side, the old existing coommunicty center builing is located on the eastern side with retail space on ground floor. Mulitple entrances was created for entrance to different programmes and there will also be space to replace rooms that was takent away from the old community center during demolsition. The translation service and language school are also on groud floor foe easier access and library space on first floor due to the hugue volume of space it needs.

Overall Volume

Initial Programme Zoning Development

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Space Atmosphere Precedent

Fondation Beyeler Being designed in 1982 by Renzo Paino and built in 1997, Fondation Beyeler in Riehen, Switzerland, is considered one of the world’s most beautiful museums. It is elegantly integrated into a cultural landscape in an ideal combination of nature, art, and architecture. The element that the Justkirkgate project going to learn from Fondation Beyeler is the way it creates atmospheric space marching the exterior and interior through long corridor space with full window glazing. Long, bright, and seemingly endless hallway space connected with nature is creating a circulation space that is not only warm and welcoming but also a perfect breakout space that facilities conversation and socializing. With the new multilingual library and integrated accommodation have linear and narrow building’s shape, the design is going to consist of plenty of long corridor spaces. They can really be embraced by borrowing the way Renzo Paino celebrate these circulation space and turn them into space that relaxes people’s mind and brings them together.

Fondation Beyeler ground floor plan (EUMiesAward)

Mirrors reflecting textured Interior wall creating a sense of spaciousness and depth (Arquitectura Viva, 1998)

Atmospheric corridor space in Fondation Beyeler (Andrea Esposito) Multifunctional Gallery Space (MAARSI)

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Final Design

“ What’s next? It is all about the people! ”

Simplified Axonometric Perspective of Justkirkgate Phase II

After learning from the previous mistake, the final design of Justkirkgate Phase II is completed. By adopting to new design methodology, the project aims to provide architectural solutions to existing social problems for ethnic minorities through the generation of atmospheric and quality space. 76

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Solution to Existing Issue

Accessibility After removing the dark unpleasant pedestrian tunnel from the site strategy, another existing issue that is left to be tackled will be the difficult accessibility to the community center. Originally, the entrance of the community center is on first floor. With the new proposal, there will be multiple access from 4 different directions to enter the community center with ground floor entrance. On one side, there will be circulation from Kirkgate Lane, which will be primarily public use considering it is one of the most frequently used routes travel between Leith coast to Leith Walk. It will also be the daily route for residents to travel for their groceries and necessity. On the other side, there will be access from Henderson Street, which will be most privately used due to its location of two bus stops connecting residents from the site to city center. There will also be a new street-facing facade, capturing attention from the public square in Newkirkgate shopping center. This creates a much more welcoming and inviting entry to the building comparing to how it was before.

Transportation Network

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Private

Affordability: Targeted Group:

Living Space per person:

- Immigrants Families - Elderly Families - Locals

30m2

Outdoor Space:

Diversified Intergated Housing Programme

Dwelling Type

Two- Storey House

As an intergrated housing programme designs to create a sense of community with a new neighbourhood, Justkirkagte House will be providing a series of different dwelling type, satisfying resident ranging from a whole group of immigrnt’s family to a single ethnic elderly, providing home to a range of people with various affordability.

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Affordability: Targeted Group:

Living Space per person:

- Immigrants families - Locals

25m2

Outdoor Space:

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Private

Affordability: Targeted Group:

Living Space per person: Outdoor Space:

- Elderly Couples - Immigrants Couples

22m2

Single Bedroom Appartment

Twin Apartment with Terrace

Private

Affordability: Targeted Group:

Living Space per person:

- Single New Immigrant - Single Pensioners

28m2

Five Bedrooms Co-Living Space

Outdoor Space:

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Section of New Leith Community Center As an extension of an existing building, this section showed the relation between to new multilingual library and the old Leith community center. On the old site, there is a sports hall on first floor which 90

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has a retail supermarket underneath it. On the new side, there are multifunctional general-purpose rooms with adjustable size by partition door. There is also a central courtyard threading all the elements together with the library and classroom on the very west. 91

Section of Justkirkgate House The section is showing the relation between the new Justkirkgate House and the existing historical marine time museum, Trinity House. This also showed the interactive facade which cele92

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brates community engagement with the carefully designed mechanical system. The long walkway leading up to the lobby hall builds up sense of community as you walk past this enclosed courtyard space being to see different domestic activities. 93

“Cultural Landscape” As one of leading vision of the project to tranform the alley into an inviting and enjoyable space, the space in between the two buildings plays a curcial role in connecting them together and community space for the residents. As a result, it was carefully landscaped designed not to generate new green space but also area for intervention and for the community cneter and resident to hold all sort of event Original View

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Landscape design sketch

Kirkagte Lane Street Facade By removing the existing pedistrian tunnels and overhead bridge, the new proposal have now open up a larger public squre for Kirkagte Lane and bright space where Adil store their trolly.

It is not only allowing a more inviting and welcoming arrival than before, but also make the existance of the community center a lot more visivle to pedistrian comparing to how it was before.

Most importly, it allows the design to created a trible ceiling height entrance hall for the community center, through a integrated between new and old structure.

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Original View

Multilingual Library By using glulam timber grame as main structrue for the extension, it allows the creation of a colmuns free sapce which make the deisgn of an open plan library space possible. The multilingual library will be locating on first floor overlooking Leith with full ceiling height window. Sitting in 98

between the central courtyard and the south leith parish church, the library will be enjoying indirect west and and eastern natural light will be benefical for reading while it wont be damging the book with direct sunlight at the same time.

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Facade Construction Process:

Justkirkgate Housing Programme Community Engagement

Facade Precedent As a community project, the engagement of community is absolutely important. That’s why in term of façade I am having strong emphasis on social process. This project is not just about the building, it is about the process it encompasses. This building might not make a whole of a difference, but the processes that bring people together will. As a result, the façade of the building will be built up through time. It might go against the current development pace of being immediate and absolute. But that’s the fun of it, that the community kind of weaves the urban fabric.

1. Comepleting main structure and infrsuture facilities

2. Community groups preparing meal together

3. Communities gather and dine together

4. Communities making facade panel together

5. Kids using library while adults is manufracturing

6. Facade completed and everyone is enjoying it

Therefore, I looked into Project Fikekantropus in Peru, which was designed by Javier Vera and built during 2012- 2017. The amazing elements about this proejct wis not only about its finall execution. It is the construction progress which have brought people together and allow them to create a building together that is truly belong to the community.

Project Fikekantropus, Lima, Peru

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Justkirkgate Housing Programme Community Engagement

Interactive Facade After studying the preceent, I am startig to woder if I will be able to create the same socail impact here in Kirkagte by celebrating the community spirit and allowing public engagemnt during the construction process. As a result, there will be a mechanically adjustable double skin facade system which all the panels on it will be customizable and the residents wil be able to buldi them togther by joing workshop that is host the community center and eventually completing the buiding togethr in the end. The façade panel could be very diverse, from functional pieces like solid wooden panel, shutter, to sustainable elements like vegetation panel and most importantly craft by the community. Here is a physical model that I have made to test out the functionality of the mechanical system.

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1:20 Integrated Section

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Technology Portfolio Simon Ng I ARC8052 I 170751731

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Case Study

Edinburgh University Main Library The tech portfoliom is going to start off with an Edinburgh-based iconic buildings of the second half of the 20th century , learning the specific spatial arrangements, material/structural strategies and working details that was proposed and hopefully infomrm the technical side of the project later on. Being built in 1967, the Edinburgh Unversity Library is an 8-storey high concrete building designed by Basil Spenese. Locating at the southern side of the university campuse, the library enjoy view over the Meadows and southern natural ligh. However, it was a project full of constrain. First, the building height was restricted by the city planning authority. Tthe size of the site was also limited to the Spence Plan established in 1954. The floor area requirement was given by the University Librarian Brief. Moreover, its placement of a podium is also a result of the univerity comprehensive plan. Most importantly, its strong horizontal emphaisis is in consideration of heavy weight bearing and easier book transport.

Overview of the library

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Location of Edinburgh University Camus within Edinburgh City

Location of the Main Library with Ediburgh University Campus

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HVAC

East West Section showing materiality and ventilation strategy (Group work by Simon and Hizkia)

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Summer (July) : 53o

Winter (December) : 18o

Study space / oﬃce is placed at the edge to let the students get natural lights

Book racks placed deeper because sunlight is harmful on books and any other archive

The interior material was chosen to be able to reﬂect most natural light expecially during winter

Book racks placed deeper because sunlight is harmful on books and any other archive

Acous�c Ceiling Tiles

1:100 @A1 North South Section showing Environmental and Lighting Strategy (Group work by Simon and Hizkia)

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by. Hizkia Widyanto

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by. Hizkia Widyanto

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Building Overview by. Simon Ng ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMPxy2c1HEs&ab_channel=a92a23 )

1:20 Axonometric Internal Cut section by. Simon Ng

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Orientation Studies

Environment Locating in Leith, Edinburgh, North of UK, the site enjoy mild winter and relatively warm summer.

WINTER SOLSTICE I 22 DECEMBER 2021

As a coastal city, Leith have moderate amount of presipitation which make it ideal for rain harvesting.

Leith has high sunshine totals, with 1422 hours of sunshine recorded in a typical year. However, with the site being in a North West position, it will face problem of overshadowed and capturing natural sunlight will be a problem

EQUINOX I 21 MARCH + 23 SEPTEMBER 2021

Graphs by. Gazetter for Scotland

SUMMER SOLSTICE I 21 JUNE 2021

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Listed Buildings Noise Wind Sun Vegetation Bus Stop Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Cultural Buildings 119

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Lighting

Ventilation

With the buildings being at a site which have difficult access to sunlight, serval voids are created in between buildings to allow natural light to flow througha and avoid the problem of overshadowing.

Natural Cross Ventilation thanks ti linear building shape

Learnt from the case, it is not ideal to have books expose to direct sunlight and reading space shoud perferably to have acces to direct natural light. As a result, the library is positioned at the west side of the building which is sheltered from direct light but still bale to have indirect sunligt. On the other hand, reading and social space is located on the south facing side. Moreover, the tackle to problem of overshadowing further, there is also roof lights in serval building’s blocks which don’t direct expose surface to sunlight.

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Vegetation

Rainwater Harvesting

Addition vegetation to provide creation for microclimate for comfortable outdoor social space and buffer to adjacent buildings

Rainwater collection from the roofs to allow irrigation to the gardern and the remain will be stored in underground water tank for central heating system

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Existing Structure

Structure As a building extension, study was done into the existing structure. The original building was built in 1960s by reinfirced concrete with columns and beam. Then the building undergo a renovtion in 2002 which demolish some of the orginal structure and fit on new steel frames. In term of structural strategy, the project will strip away the secondarya and teritary sturcture of the existing builidng and demolish part of the original primary structure. Then, new glulam timber structure will be fitted on the old structure. Due to the heavy mass of the old concrete structure, the new glulam will have additional stablisation.

Roof

Steel Roof Trusses

For the accomodation, CLT panel will be used for the primary structure due to its numerous room division in layout. It will be finished by birck cladding facade.

First Floor Columns

Ground Floor Beams

Ground Floor Columns

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Demolsihed

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Construction Sequence

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Step 1: Surveying existing structure and clear off secondary and tertiary structure in preparation for additional construction

Step 2: Demolish floating platform; Remove pedestrian tunnel next to Aldi; Remove ramp and designated structure behind community center

Step 3: Construction of Concrete Circulation Core

Step 4: Construction of Glued Laminated Timber Frame work as extension of original structure and New CLT structure residential buildings

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Primary Structure Grid

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1:20 Section

20mm Roof Membrane Coverboard Water Drianage 200mm Cellulose Insulation 10mm Damp Proof Membrane 200mm CLT Floor Panel

Triangle Steel Bracket R15mm Stainless Steel Pole Wooden Frames Craft Materials Cladding

20 mm laminate wooden flooring 100mm Cellulose Insulation with underfloor heating 2 x 20mm Acoustic Underlayment 30mm Acoustic Underlayment 10mm Damp Proof Membrane 200mm CLT Floor Panel 100mm Insulation 20mm Wood Sofit Finish

10mm Interior Finish 120mm CLT Wall Panel 100mm Insulation 10mm Cavity Gap 80mm Brick Claddimg

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112 x 70 mm External Paving Brick Work Water Drianage 30mm Concrete Screed 350mm Hardcore Earth

20 mm laminate wooden flooring 100mm Insulation 10mm Damp Proof Membrane 270mm Low Environemntal Impact Concrete Slab 75mm Gravel 25mm Sand Earth

1m 1:20 @A1

This is used to fit along with CLT panel in between living space to minmise domestic noise 132

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Celluose Insulation

Acoustic Wood Panel

With library and learning space as part of the programme, the acoustic strategy for the building is essential. With differet type of acoustic insulation material position at different part of the building responding to strcucture and room intended use, the strategy aim o create a nice and quiet environment for teh user.

Acoustic Underlay

Acoustic

This dampens the acoustics of the room without altering theaesthetics of the exposed Glulam structure

This is placed in-between floors and heavily used space minimise noise interference in building 133

Acoustic Wall for Dwellings Acoustic strategy became essential as well in the detailing of each dwelling type, especially when considering the sensitivity of elderly resdients to sound and the potential volume younger resident can produce at all times of the day and night. Moreover, each bedroom in the houses is acoustically sealed in co living space to ensure a pleasant shared environment.

12mm plaster board 90mm acoustic mat

100mm CLT wall

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Accessibility After removing the dark unpleasent pedestrian tunnel from from the site strategy, another existing issues that is left to be tackle will be the difficult accessibility to the community center. Originally, the entrance of the community center is on first fllor. With the new proposal, there will be multiple access from 4 different direction to enter the community center with ground floor entrance.

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Ps L

Fire Escape Escape Route Direction of escape Public Area

Self-closing Fire Doors

Protected Stairwell

Ps S Ps

Lift

Service, Toilet, etc Protected Concret Staircases Ps

Elevator fd

Safety Zone, Meeting

Emergency Service Access fd

L S fd

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Ps L

Ps Ps

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Facade Mechanic Apart from commuity crafted facade panel, another feature of the facade will be its interactive facade system. As a double skin facade, it will not only increase energy efficiency by reducing heating demand through adjustable solar heat gain and night time cooling, but also provide privacy serurity, pollution and acoustic barrier to from the street.

Streeless steel supporting frame

Stainless steel rolling pol with bearings

Canvas Timber Frame

Various paneling material

Mechanical System Physcial Model Study

Mechanical System Precedent Section, Walmar Yard (by. Chloe.

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Reflective Conclusion I believe I have achieved the aim of the project from the start. From identifying the needs of Kirkgate residents, to developing a suitable programme responding to the social conditions and finally a comprehensive proposal with a range of thoughtful design elements which integrated with detailed technical consideration. The process of working on this project has had a lot of twist and turns. By being a direct entry student this year, it was confusing for me to position myself and I was struggling to reach the level of engagement that I want myself to be after long years of studying. Due to the sense of disheartening, the early stage of my project was relatively rough and rushed through, which eventually led to a failed attempt in the mid term. However, my commitment built up over time when the design process, narrative and execution of the project became 144

more visible and convincing. It laid the foundation of the success in creating atmospheric design and outstading representation elements during the later part of the project. Generally, I am confident in my project being all rounded and convincing and I provided arguments that were backed up from different angles.

Overall, I am proud of what I achieved under the circumstances and can see the areas I need more improvement in. Therefore, I will give myself a B in consideration of the thought and efforts invested in the project through this whole unusal year.

Working remotely this semester has always been full of mixed feelings. On one hand, I enjoyed that my experience can be achieved beyond physical restraints. It was fascinating to witness the studio and learning space all being made digitalized. On the other hand, the limited opportunities of studio culture and physical learning experiences like model making, have indeed brought me much struggle. I had to juggle both getting used to the new way of learning due to the various restrictions whilst also starting my masters without working experience. 145