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Memory Lane

Niamh Lyons House of Memories Studio Architecture, Stage 3, 2019-20 ARC3001 Design, Academic Portfolio 170476052

Memory Lane Niamh Lyons House of Memories Studio Stage 3 170476052

Contents

Illustrated Reflective Report

Charrette

Primer

Field Trip

Staging

Realisation

Thinking Through Making

Synthesis

Illustrated Cultural Bibliography

127

Case Study

128

Bibliography

158

List of Figures

159

It would not be an exaggeration to say that this past academic year has been one of the most challenging years of my life. Reflecting on the work I have produced in this year, from Primer to the refining stages of Synthesis, I am proud to see how much I have improved and achieved. Overall, I have found this year extremely rewarding, and, compared with my second year, my confidence has grown massively. I felt the stage 3 year was structured in a very successful way, allowing us to focus on one particular area of interest throughout the whole year. I found having a specific studio brief allowed me to discover and develop my own unique representational style and way of working. The modules that ran alongside the Design module complimented my design process, and enriched my project and research. The House of Memories Studio stood out to me as an interesting studio because of the reality and actuality of the brief. It also seemed to be a studio that inspired a yearning to tackle a real-life issue – Alzheimer’s disease. Initially, dementia was something I did not know much about, however I was passionate to learn more about it, having experienced losing my grandfather to the condition many years ago. To this day dementia is a disease that people do not know enough about, especially within the architecture profession. I very much admire the architect Niall Mclaughlin, who has been one of the few architects to really understand what it feels like to have dementia, and therefore successfully designed dementia-based architecture accordingly. Another reason for choosing the House of Memories Studio was its priority in creating a sustainable project by using renewable energy sources; this is something that is very current in today’s global climate crisis. The House of Memories studio aim of creating sensory based architecture, was explored immediately in the Primer project. We were asked, in groups of 4, to create a 1:1 scale ‘Sensory Pod’ that would stimulate the dementia patient’s brain through a sensory experience. Our group undertook research on various ways to engage a dementia prone brain and we found that the sensory experience of nature would be ideal. Supposedly, natural sounds, smells, tactile textures, and visual patterns would be entertaining for the patient, and through engaging the brain, would mitigate the progression of the disease. I found the Primer project a brilliant way to kick start my research on the topic of dementia and how to reduce its progression. On reflection the sensory pod we created really influenced my final design, and the curved wall featured not only in my interior design but the landscape design too. The activities we provided within our sensory pod were also featured in my final design; for example, the ‘Plant Potting Station’ and the ‘Sensory game’.

review, I acknowledged that I had not yet considered the building in relation to its context, and still had not clearly represented what my project aims entailed. The Thinking Through Making Week helped me think about the important finer details within my building, such as the interior and landscape design. It also helped me to reflect on what I had already done. I reflected back to Primer, and decided to create a section of a bench, that would later feature in the garden of my building. At full scale, the bench would be curved, like the wall we created in our sensory pod, and would be integrated within a screen, which would create private sections of the garden for each resident. It was in Synthesis, the last phase of my project, where I finally created a building that seemed realistic, and something I was proud of. On reflection, I really thought about and considered the design features of the building. I created various elevational studies to choose the perfect window layout for the facades of my building. I thought about the building in its context, but also the architectural language that I wanted to achieve. It was also in synthesis that I properly declared my project aims and displayed how my building responded to those aims. As my staging site analysis was not relevant to my project anymore, I conducted more analysis of the local area of Arthur’s Hill, and looked at how my building would actually impact the area. At this stage I was also able to consider my studio’s aim of sustainable design, and integrate the environmental and sustainable strategy I had produced in my ARC3013 submission, as well as the structural strategy also. I found our Technology submission to be very useful in the completion of my design, as it forced me to think about a renewable energy source for the building, as well as reducing the carbon footprint of my building as much as possible. It was through the technology submission that I learnt of the environmental benefits of Glulam and CLT as structural materials. Overall, I could not have wished for a better last year in my university education. Although the year was very challenging in parts, I found the journey of creating a refined project very fulfilling, and I am so proud of how far I have come.

In between Primer and my next project, Staging, I submitted my dissertation. My dissertation was all about the capturing of memories in Rachel Whiteread’s uncanny sculptures. She casted the inside of spaces, exposing their insides. Although the uncanny does not directly relate to dementia, it was interesting to correlate the research of how a space can change the mood of a dementia patient, just as Whiteread’s ‘spaces’ could make the viewer feel so uncomfortable. Staging was the next part with our project, where we were asked to create a ‘Residential Pod’ for the dementia patient, which would be their bedroom. We controversially began our design process by designing the inside first, instead of creating the massing and later creating the spaces within it. I found this hindered my massing development a little, as the site analysis I collected during Staging was not particularly relevant to the bedroom, and furthermore needed updating when I eventually created an initial massing design. After Staging was the Realisation phase of the project. I really learnt a lot in this phase, through meticulously developing my ideas of the internal spaces in plan. The Technology workshops run at that time certainly helped me to think of my building in a more structural way, helping me create an architectural form that was no longer a series of blocks made in SketchUp. I enjoyed sketching a variety of different options of the roof design of my building, and visually comparing them was useful to see which one worked best. As a studio, we were taught how to use complex environmental simulation software; IESVE (daylight factor simulation) and ENVIMET (wind factor simulation), which I used to develop my building according to the results I received. In my realisation

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Illustrated Reflective Report

Charrette The charette week was a chance for all stages in the architecture school, as well as artists, engineers, and designers, to come together and collaborate creatively. The theme of the charette week this year was ‘The Highstreet’. I chose Frankenstein’s Shop as my specific charette, with the main reason being its connection to my dissertation topic, which I was researching at the time. Frankenstein’s Shop was led by Lewis Davidson, who helped us create new and exciting Frankensteinlike products, made out of recycled and reused mundane materials found on the Highstreet. Through doing this we would ‘breathe life’ into these boring materials and bring them ‘back from the dead’. The merging of old and new, familiarity and unfamiliarity, linked perfectly with my dissertation, where I discussed the feeling of the uncanny within Rachel Whiteread’s monumental sculptures. I found the week very inspiring and extremely informative, especially with regard to my dissertation. Lewis was even able to recommend another artist to look at, similar to Rachel Whiteread.

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Charrette

In the first few days of Charette, we had fun creating various â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Frankensteinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; style objects, out of items from the Hightstreet. I enjoyed deconstructing objects and then rebuilding them is an unusual way. We then experimented with casting various objects. The final exhibition was a great way to end the week, and to see what my friends and work colleagues had been up to in the other workshops. Figures 1 - 3 are not my photos, and were taken by the Charette photography workshop.

Fig.1

Fig.3

Fig.2 10

Primer For me, Primer was a brilliant was to start my Stage 3 journey. It introduced me to dementia design and the important factors concerning this niche topic. Our given task, in groups of 4, was to create a 1.1 scale sensory pod for dementia patients. The whole experience, from researching beforehand, to designing the pod and then physically constructing it in the workshop, was an enriching and enlightening experience. The point of the primer was to explore various sensory experiences which would entertain and activate the dementia patient’s mind. It is thought that engaging and stimulating the brain with these activities will trigger memories from the past, and delay the progression of the disease. My group specifically focused on the sensory experience of nature. After researching the benefits of nature for dementia sufferers and the importance of the outdoors, we decided our pod would ‘bring the outdoors, indoors’ through a variety of activities. We designed a sensory game which involved spinning natural textured boxes mounted on the wall. On the opposite side, we create a curved wall, with integrated seating and a table. On the table we arranged a pot planting station, suited to patients with all stages of dementia. Additionally, we had a curtain with wildlife images projected onto it and a speaker playing various nature related noises. There was also the opportunity for carers and the dementia patient’s family to educate themselves about the disease, with information provided, and a seating area, with goggles and a headset, where the person could virtually experience what it felt like to have dementia.

For our studio, the aim of the Primer was to experiment and explore possibilities linked to an understanding of dementia. We were asked to create a sensory experience for a dementia sufferer, eg; through the repetition of exposure to tactile, visual and olfactory experiences. Through the contact of these experiences, the person’s brain will be stimulates, which in turn will help slow-down the progression of their disease, while also keeping them entertained, active and less agitated. This sensory experience we were asked to create, would be in the form of a 1:1 scale ‘Sensory Pod’, and would be a group project. After undertaking research around dementia and a sufferer’s needs, my group decided to create a sensory pod with various activities available within, for the affected person but also the carers or family. The theme of our sensory pod was to bring the outdoors, indoors, ideally used in the winter, when its too cold for the person to go outside. The activities would include a sensory game, of spinning boxes to match natural textures, and a plant potting station for people will all stages of dementia. There would also be a seating area for the carer or family to sit and inform themselves of the disease. We would provide headphones and goggles, which would supposedly recreate what it feels to have dementia. We would also provide user profile information for the staff to read, giving them information on the dementia sufferer’s likes, dislikes, previous jobs and their daily specific needs.

Fig.4

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Our Studio Brief

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Initial Ideas in 2D and 3D

Sketch Model - I created this rough model to begin with, in order to get a 3d impression of what the pod would look like.

Sensory Game - My team mate Teo made this model, showing the interaction between the sensory game and the user.

To begin our design process, we created sketches of what we wanted our sensory pod to look like. To the right is a sketch I did, labelling each part of the pod, and showing the simple form of the pod. To the left, my team mate Milena, drew an example of what the sensory game would look like, and how it would be accessible for wheelchair users.

Digital Model - Milena created a digital model, which we used to create a simply animation explaining the seating that could be pushed into the wall to create more space if necessary.

1.50 scale model - As a group we created this together which helped us find out the internal structure needed to make the model again but in 1:1 scale.

The Sensory Wall - Design Process

The plant potting station was one of the activities within the sensory pod, which allowed dementia patients of all stages to take part. It would also be a sensory and tactile experience for them, bringing them closer to nature but with the comfort of being inside. Janet, my team mate created these instructions, that differ depending on their ability and the progression of the personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease. The instructions were then presented clearly by the table, where the station was located, along with the plants and planting equipment.

The First Stages of Dementia

The Second Stage of Dementia

The person is able to execute one or two tasks from the whole activity, but with the help of a carer.

The Third Stage of Dementia

The person is unable to do the task, however can use their senses (smell, touch, hearing and visual) to trigger good memories of the past, connected to the activity of gardening.

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Plant Potting Station

Our initial idea for the sensory wall was to create a naturally textured game, similar to the one we saw on our visit to a Dementia Care unit in Sunderland. We changed it slightly to have it mounted on the wall,. so it would be more accessible, instead of laid down on a table.

We then considered making two games at different heights, so it would be accessible for wheelchair users and children, as well as adults stood up.

Next, the idea of splitting the game in half didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t seem right, so we connected them both, making a large game that the wheelchair users could use below.

Finally, we decided to make the game 3 by 4 so that even the top row could be accessible to the wheelchair user and children. Each box had a 3D printed mechanism attached to it, preventing it from rolling backwards, and stops its from continuously spinning.

The person is able to do the whole task on their own, following small individual tasks at their own pace.

The Sensory Pod in Plan and Section

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The Curved Wall - Design Process

After researching into dementia as a group, we decided to create a space that would appeal to and encompass patients with all stages of dementia, as well as their families and carers. The first stage of our pod was creating a work space for the plant potting station.

The next stage of our pod design was to make the wall curved. This would reduce the sharp edges and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;escapeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the corners of the space, which usually would make a person with dementia uncomfortable. We also incorporated seating into the curved wall, as well as the table.

The final stage of developing the curved wall was, the flexibility of the seating. We designed a rolling bench that could be rolled into the sensory pod or the other way, on the exterior wall. This means seating can be provided at either side of the wall, and also can be adjusted if a wheelchair needs to enter the space. Additionally a shelf was added above the plant potting area, to store any toxic or dangerous planting equipment, so that they are out of reach from the dementia people.

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Perspectives

I created these two perspectives for the group to give an inhabited impression of what the sensory pod would look like, and how it would be used. 22

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Constructing the Sensory Pod

Janet and I experimented with various textures that we could put on the spinning boxes, that would be part of the sensory game. Our first attempt at the texture box is pictured to the right. We tried to mimic the texture of bark using plaster. Once it dried, it became very heavy, meaning it would always spin and end in the same position, defeating the point of the game.

Our second attempt at creating the textured boxes was successful. We laser-cut the structure of each box, meaning they were very light in weight and looked a lot neater. We then decorated each side with different textures. Some were bought, like the fake grass and pebbles, and then some I collected from outside, like the bark and dried leaves.

We then began the process of constructing the frame of wall that the sensory game would be mounted into. Next we constructed the curved wall frame, with the integrated table and seating. Then we covered the frame in hard plastic covering which made the curved look smooth and gave a homily texture to the sensory pod.

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Completed Sensory Pod on the Exhibition Day

Pictured is the completed Sensory Pod, ready for visitors to experience on exhibition day. Below, is the curved wall and plant potting station. To the right is the sensory game. People visiting the exhibition could interact with the sensory pod and enjoy the tactile sensory game, as well as educate themselves on dementia as a disease, like the carers would have done.

The group members were Janet, Teo, Milena and Niamh (me).

Berlin Trip

The House of Memories studio trip was to Berlin. I had a brilliant week of sightseeing and absorbing Berlin’s architecture and culture while bonding with my studio colleagues. The majority of the visits we made to various famous buildings did not explicitly relate to our studio brief of dementia sensory architecture. However, we were able to visit various double skinned façade buildings which naturally used the surrounding atmosphere to heat their interiors, in an environmentally friendly way, reducing energy consumption – e.g. the Reichstag building and the Freie Universität Library designed by Norman Foster. Overall, the trip was an informative and enriching experience, and made me appreciate architecture on a much deeper level.

The Reichstag by Norman Foster

The James Simon Gallery, by David Chipperfield

Brilliant coffee shops

The Sony Centre by Helmut Jahn

The Berlin Television Tower by Hermann Henselmann A double-skinned facade 30

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The Neues Museum by David Chipperfield

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The Philharmonie by Hans Scharoun The Jewish Museum Berlin by Daniel Libeskind

The Freie Universitat by Norman Foster

Berlin by night

The Berlin Cathedral by Julius Carl Raschdorff 32

Staging For Staging, we were encouraged to draw inspiration from our sensory pods that we had previously designed and create a ‘Residential Dementia Pod’. This would be the resident’s bedroom and was the starting point for designing our building. Designing the bedroom first, I felt, was a strange way to begin our design process, as the analysis of the site and local area of Arthur’s Hill did not really impact the design. However, as the bedroom is a vital part of dementia design, being a space that they spend a lot of time in, it was important for our studio to design the bedroom first in the most efficient and effective way. Research showed that a dementia patient’s bedroom must have a clear view from the bed, so I designed my residential dementia pod accordingly, using trial and error sketching. Another important factor for the bedroom was, like all residential interior spaces, the amount of sun and daylight entry into the space. As our studio prioritised the theme of environmental construction, we were taught how to use various environmental simulation software. I used Velux Visualiser and simulated the daylight entrance into my bedroom, orientating the angle of each bedroom to achieve maximum daylight into each bedroom, throughout the year.

Newcastle Upon Tyne

Arthur’s Hill Lorem Ipsum

West gate Ro

Arthur’s Hill

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Our Site

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Arthur’s Hill

Fig.6

Upon first arriving in Arthur’s Hill, for our site visit, I quickly made an impression of the place. The area was quite uninviting, with many shops and restaurants closed down and bordered up. There was a lack of cleanliness, with a lot of rubbish on the pavements. It seemed to be a place that had be disregarded, forgotten about and had been left to fall apart. In terms of community, there was no public green space that the public could gather and use. The was not a proper high-street either. The fast food outlets and retail in the area didn’t vary and were all Indian related.

Fig.7 Fig.5

After the visit to Arthur’s Hill, I researched the area on the internet. Various news reports came up describing ‘murder’ and ‘stabbings’, as well as ‘gang violence’. One article described Arthur’s Hill as a ‘the dumping ground’ (All about Arthur’s Hill, 2020). Shown on the left, I created a word map to describe the area. Clearly, the area needed improving, with a new space for the community to gather and shop. My building would hopefully enhance the area, encourage visitors, and source more jobs. By promoting community and designing aesthetically pleasing architecture, I would hopefully be reducing the crime rates and deterring the gang mentality.

Fig.10

Fig.8

Fig.9

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Existing Site Exploration and Surrounding Area

Our Site - Arthur’s Hill

Surrounding the Site - Arthur’s Hill

Fig.11 - The carpark Fig.14 - The campus of Ageing and Vitality Hospital

6/17/2020

8 Brighton Grove - Google Maps

8 Brighton Grove

6/17/2020

Brighton Grove - Google Maps

Fig.12 - The abandoned building on site 6/17/2020

Brighton Grove

429 Westgate Rd - Google Maps

Fig.15 - Rundown corner shop

Image capture: Jul 2019

Newcastle upon Tyne, England

429 Westgate Rd

Google Street View

https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@54.9751982,-1.642127,3a,75y,100.12h,92.19t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sYsOAjzX5KdDUcsgB652t7A!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en-GB

Fig.13 - Closed down bowling alley Image capture: Jul 2019

Fig.16 - Persian Fast food outlet

Newcastle upon Tyne, England Google Street View

Image capture: Jul 2019 https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@54.9737945,-1.6424208,3a,75y,165.77h,97.42t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1suE5-amm0CC9S8KZVIINdPQ!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en-GB

Newcastle upon Tyne, England

1/2

Google Street View

= On site photos and sketches (by author)

https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@54.9743914,-1.642358,3a,75y,102.91h,90.57t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sG9K6fl6pL9M1wekBkFaoPA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en-GB

= Photos of site surroundings ((Hospital, 2020) and Google maps

Dementia Care Units in Newcastle

Arthurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hill Site Analysis

10 mins 10 mins 4 mins

4 mins

10 mins 10 mins

4 mins

8 mins

Distance from the site to local primary schools

Public facilities in the area

Places of worship in the area

Semi private facilities (cafes and restaurants)

8 mins

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10 mins

Additional Site Analysis

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Circulation

Not scaled

Restrictions in and around the site Restrictions in and around the exisiting site

Scale 1:1500

Site Analysis - Sun Path and Prevailing Wind

Sun path and wind rose of the site

Su m Su mer ns et

er mm ise u S nr Su

E W Su inte nri r se

r te in et W ns Su

Pedestrian routes

Primary vehicular routes, and bus stops

Secondary vehicular routes

= Overlooked (by private buildings) = Overlooked (by public building - hospital)

= Residential

= Carpark

= Busy road

= Abandoned structures

= Abandoned structures on site

= Noise

Visit to Castleside Dementia Ward in the Campus for Ageing and Vitality

Contrastingly, we later visited the Castleside dementia ward at the Campus of Ageing and Vitality. The ward was previously a labour ward, so the layout of the space was completely wrong. There was also very limited sunlight and daylight access in the internal spaces which gave a dark and dreary atmosphere to the space. The windows were very small, and some had a view onto a brick wall. Although the staff were brilliant, and did what they could to entertain the residents, the facilities they were in were not enjoyable. Even the garden looked uninviting. I felt saddened for the residents, living their last years in a depressing environment. This care home visit really helped me learn what to prioritise in providing basic care for people suffering with dementia.

We visited this award winning Dementia Care unit in Sunderland, to observe, analysis and critique the way they had designed the interior spaces for the dementia residents. Pictured are the key parts of the care unit that stood out to me. They decorated some spaces using fake signs and vintage posters to make the patient think they were somewhere else. They also provided entertainment for the residents, like various daily activities, outdoor games and a visual fish tank on the TV, which apparently distracted and relaxed the residents if they were agitated. Overall the care unit was quite successful in its efforts to provide a dementia friendly environment. It was also nice to see the residents looked genuinely happy to be living there. However, I felt some of the spaces lacked energy and spark to them which would, I can imagine, not simulation the patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brain very much. I found the trip useful nonetheless, as it inspired the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;fakeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; decorations and outdoor games for my project.

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Visit to Mowbray and Roker Dementia Care Unit, Monkwearmouth Hospital

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Musical aptitude and appreciation are two of the last remaining abilities in dementia patientsâ&#x20AC;?

Intergenerational Music Programme My personal brief was introducing music into my carehome, through connecting the young and old, would be a perfect way to tackle dementia by reaching the affected person in a different way, and going beyond their disease.

As only of care homes in the UK have musical entertainment provided, and I wanted my care home to aim to change this.

The benefits of music for dementia suffering people:

The benefits of child and dementia patient interaction:

+studies show patients recall memories and emotions +enhances mental performance after singing/ listening to music +singing is engaging and stimulates parts of brain that are not usually exercised +can facilitate cognitive function and coordinate motor movements +can shift moods, reduce stress and stimulate positive interactions +patients often lose the ability to share emotions, so music can help as it can lead to, singing, dancing, holding hands, hugging and a physical closeness that brings security and memories

+higher level of positive engagement +stimulates the brain + a source of entertainment for the patients +reduces boredom +reduces mental health problems eg. depression +improves and educates children with behavioural and social development

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Initial Personal Brief

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Precedent Study: Hawkinge House Nursing Home Fig.23 Fig.18

Fig.17

Intergenerational Activities - Dance

Inside the Nursing Home - The Village green

Hawkinge House Dementia Nursing Home in Kent collaborated with Brockhill School to create an intergenerational dancing programme. A class was held every week, and the students would each pair up with a dementia prone patient. A final show of their performance was presented to friends and family at the end of the programme.

Within the Hawkinge House Nursing Home, there is an internal old-fashioned style cluster of ‘fake shops’. The Village Green includes: - a post office - a hair and beauty salon/barbers - a sweet shop - a local pub (with a weekly pub quiz) - and a cafe The residents and their loved ones are able to use the Village Green, and it provides them with the feeling that they have been out for the day. Its a place to escape to and allows for quality time with family and visitors.

Feedback from the residents of the nursing home was very positive some said they felt “mentally engaged”, “glowing”, “young again”, “full of laughter” and had “the feeling of freedom”. I chose the Hawkinge House Nursing Home as a precedent because of the obvious benefits the programme had on the people with dementia but also the students are Brockhill School. By connecting the various schools in the area of Arthur’s Hill, with my new care home, I hope to create a sense of community and enhance the lifes of the residents and young people.

“young again” “a new lease of life”

“mentally engaged”

Fig.19

Fig.24

Fig.25

The Village Green sparked some new ideas for my project and became a source of inspiration for a new, different brief. The ‘shops’ and facilities within the care home are a nice way of bringing reality to the residents, as though they are in the real world. I decided that dementia friendly shops within my building would be a successful way of stimulating the resident’s brains. Instead of creating completely fake shops for only the residents to use, I wanted to create facilities that the public could also access, so that they owners are still able to make money.

“freedom”

“glowing”

Fig.20

Fig.21

“full of laughter”

“Now, when I come to visit my mother, she’s not in her room or sitting down in the lounge - she’s out doing something, being active and socialising...”

Fig.26

Fig.27

Fig.22 Fig.28 50

Dementia-friendly Shopping Private - indoor activities

After studying the Hawkinge Nursing Home precedent, I felt a change of programme was necessary. The changes made to my brief and programme were;

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A Change of Personal Brief and Programme Private - outdoor activities

Post Office

A switch from intergenerational music, to...

Hair salon and Barbers Bakery

- Privately, entertaining the dementia residents with indoor and outdoor ‘stall’ activities - Semi-privately, engaging the brain through “shopping” for dementia residents - And, publicly, enhancing the community through a high street of shops The reasons for changing my programme was because I felt there was a limit to how much I could develop my design with just music entertainment. By creating a programme that revolves around the idea of shopping and a ‘market stall interaction’, I can go further with my design. It would also help develop and create a unique form to my building, as well as incorporating public, semi-public and private zones within the project. It would also allow me to think about the community aspect of the project, improving the local area, as well as the mental health and engagement of the dementia resident. Semi-Private - Dementia friendly shops

Public - Highstreet of shops

These three facilities available to the dementia residents and the public, is what makes the project unique compared to other dementia care home facilities. With safe access for the dementia patients from one side of the shop, and public access from the other, the residents feel like they are in the real world, doing activities they would have done themselves when they lived at home. It is also a great way to educate the public on dementia and how to interact with them. The facilities will be run by regular shop owners, who will encourage engagement with the dementia patients, but not taking money from them. They will be able to make money however, through serving the regular customers on the other side.

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Precedent Study: Alzheimer’s Respite Centre Fig.32 Fig.31

By Niall McLaughlin Architects

Fig.30

A care home, based in Dublin providing short term care for patients suffering from Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, and for the loved ones affected.

Fig.29

I chose the Alzheimer’s Respite Centre as a materiality precedent, because of it’s use of brick and wood. The combination of both materials gives a homily feeling to the care centre, which is something I would like to achieve in my own building. McLaughin highlights the importance of designing a building that ‘eliminates the sense of institutional and medical association’, so that the residents may feel at home, and relaxed. McLaughlin also ensures the patients receive as much daylight as possible, without reducing their privacy, by designing spanning windows that run along the top of the corridor walls, and large windows in each space. Fig.35

Wandering is also a priority and significant part of his design. The residents’ habit of walking around regularly has been thought about in the overall design, so they can do so in freedom and safety.

Fig.33

For all these reasons, I thought the Alzheimer’s Respite Centre was a perfect precedent, and I used McLaughlin’s initiatives as inspiration in my own design. Fig.34

Fig.36

Here are some trail and error plan sketches showing the variations of my possible room design. Highlighted in pink is the plan most suited to a dementia patient, and was the shape I chose as for my bedroom design.

Once I had completed analysis of the site and sourced inspiration from precedents, the next step was designing the resident’s bedroom. Are staging process revolved around the bedroom as a starting point for our design, because of its importance within the building. The resident’s bedroom is their only individual private space in the whole building. Additionally, the room must be designed with the dementia sufferer’s needs in mind. The ideal bedroom for a dementia patient determines a clear and direct view from the bed. This will reduce the likelihood of confusion and frustration. Significant views include: - to the ensuite: giving the patient confidence and reassurance, also a sense of safety to explore their surroundings. - to a large bay window: fills their room with light and creates a space to sit and look out. - to the corridor window: allows the patient to look out and for the carers to look in and keep an eye. - to the door: they can easily see who has entered their room.

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The patient’s reaction to a space

Daylight and Illuminance Simulation of the Bedroom

June, at 12.00

March, at 12.00

December, at 12.00

Illuminance factor on an overcast day

Daylight factor on an overcast day

Velux Visualiser was the software I used to run these simulations. On their website they stated their intention of ‘promoting a healthy indoor environment and helping to reduce the electricity used for lighting’. This is something I too wanted to promote in my building. The recommended minimum level of lux for most rooms should be 300 lux, and 500 lux for areas where productive work is performed. Ideally, dementia patient rooms should be up to 600 lux, however this can be achieved with electrical lighting. (Daylight requirements in building codes - Daylight, Energy and Indoor Climate Book, 2020). From completing these simulations I changed the orientation of the bedrooms, so that half would receive the morning sun and the other half would receive the evening sun. 59

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Plan of the Resident’s Bedroom, Scale 1.50

Daytime Bedroom Perspective

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3D modelling of the bedroom, using Sketchup

Here, I made a digital model of residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bedroom using Sketchup. These screen-shots give a feeling for the space in 3D, as well as materiality for the furnishings. Each bedroom would need a hospital bed for a quick emergency evacuation if necessary. Additionally, I have chose traditional wooden furniture, with the intention of the bedroom appearing as familiar and similar to residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s old bedrooms, as possible. By choosing slightly dated furniture, the older dementia residents will feel more at home. Although modern furniture would look more appealing, it could make the residents feel out of place and possibly uncomfortable.

Here, I exaggerated the blue light in the room, showing the importance of having the blue hue to the lights in each bedroom. A slightly blue, bright light mimics the same lux as natural daylight. Exposure to daylight is important for dementia patients as it keeps their brains more simulated and they become less sleepy.

Daylight and massing

Initial Massing

Memory Lane

Night- time Bedroom Perspective

Daylight and massing

Dayight is essential for dementia sufferers. As much sun as possible makes them sleep beter at night, and therefore regulates their circadian rhythm.

Similarly, I exaggerated the orange light in the room. An orange hue light before bed helps them prepare for sleep and regulate their circadian rhythm. The orange hue, introduced subtly before the dawn, will reduce the residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s agitation caused by a change of light to dark (day to night).

These were my initial, very basic, massing studies. The main aspects I wanted to focus on and develop were; the private courtyard space, the highstreet of shops, south facing bedrooms, and a large well lit communal space.

Dayight is essential for dementia sufferers. As much sun as possible makes them sleep Dayight is essential for dementia sufferers. beter at night, and therefore regulates their As much sun as possible makes them sleep circadian rhythm.

beter at night, and therefore regulates their circadian rhythm. 62

Schedule of Accomodation Bubble diagram of spaces

Rough schedule of accommodation

‘Highstreet’ of shops

(lounge) 2

Memory Lane

Initial Schedule of Accommodation, Exploration

Kitchen Dining room

Staff Entrance Storage Storage

Second attempt of the schedule of accommodation

Medical

Quiet Communal area

Private Storage Resident bedrooms

ops’

Reception foyer Reception office Waiting area Quiet room Medical check-up room Private visitors room Communal area Resident bedrooms x8 Kitchen Resident dining room Male and female bathrooms Staff room Staff kitchen and dining Staff offices Staff toilets Semi-private shops for dementia patients Public highstreet of shops

Before the plan design process, I roughly laid out where I wanted each space to go in my building. The size of each space indicated its importance. I wanted the resident bedrooms to be south facing, and leading off from the communal area, so as to avoid a long narrow corridor. This would aim to also make the building less institutional and hospital like. Another important space wasReception the courtyard, which I wanted to have in the middle of the building, with the communal area overlooking it. The high-street of shops would be to the Kitchen north of the building, as I was reusing an existing building on site.

Resident bedrooms x14 Medical room Communal area 64 room Dining Quiet room Private meeting room (lounge)

Memory Lane

Development

Realisation I think I found the realisation stage of the project the most challenging part of the year, however it became a great learning curve for me. Because the expected work for Primer was so specific, I realised that I had not thought thoroughly about the overall massing of my building and its relationship with the rest of the site. ÂŹI enjoyed the trial and error process of developing my design through plans and then into three dimensional sketches. Attending the tech workshops provided for us at that time was very useful, and kick started my thinking around the structure of my roof. The simulations we were taught, IESVE and ENVIMET also helped develop my design further, to create a building and courtyard that received as much light as possible and avoided wind tunnels and climate discomfort. During realisation I was also able to develop and amend my programme, thinking about the public, semi-public and private spaces my building would create. Despite the development in my design, when it came to the realisation review, I was aware of the many amendments that still needed to be made.

Memory Lane

Developing Ideas Through Plans PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

4 On my fourth attempt, I made quite a few significant changes. I closed off the

courtyard so it was not longer accessible to the public. I also created a more realistic corridor circulation of the building. It was here that I thought of having a Sunday market space to the right of the building, accessible to the public. The overall shape of the plan however, was still very strange, and therefore still needed quite a lot of amendment. The entrance to the building was not in an obvious place, and various rooms needed aligning.

2 Secondly, I used Auto-cad to roughly lay out each space,

shops accessible for the patients

visitor wc visitor wc

reception office

waiting area

stairwell and lift

private courtyard for the patients

hairdressers and salon for the patients

storage laundry dining staff lounge/ staff bedroom for night shift locker room staff shower room

meeting room

quiet room

f bathing

m bathing

storage

f wc

This was my very first attempt of drawing up a plan, by using the bubble diagram of spaces I had roughly made in staging. The key spaces I wanted to develop and improve were the courtyard(s), the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;high-street of shopsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, the dementia-friendly shops, and the communal area. The circulation needed improving also.

kitchen communal area open plan

medical room

Doctors office

3 Here, I refined the plan, colour coding it into specific

areas. There were more apparent corridors, however, still many awkward spaces within the building, as well as an awkward overall shape.

m wc

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

foyer

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

to get a realistic and more accurate sizing for each room. There were still no corridors, and although a rough plan was formed, the building was oddly shaped.

More Plan Development

visitor visitor visitor wc wc wc

family meeting room 24.2 m2

doctors office f wc

quiet 26.5 m2 room

kitchen staff office 16.3 m2

31.7 m2

204.6 m2

16.4 m2

storage 5.8 m2

staff wc

private courtyard for the patients

staff office 16.3 m2

laundry

5.5 m2

11.4 m2 medical check up

45 m2

staff lounge/ staff bedroom for night shift locker room staff shower room

23.8 m2 communal lounge

28.4 m2

f bath 7.6 m2

storage

staff office 33.5 m2

private courtyard for the patients

m bath

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76.9 m2

shops accessible for the patients

12.1 m2

kitchen

reception office

2.0 m2

family meeting room 24.2 m2

quiet 26.5 m2 room

31.7 m2

doctors office

204.6 m2

16.4 m2 storage 5.8 m2

staff wc

private courtyard for the patients

laundry

5.5 m2

11.4 m2 medical check up

45 m2

staff lounge/ staff bedroom for night shift locker room staff shower room

23.8 m2 communal lounge

28.4 m2 storage 3.1 m2 f bath 7.6 m2

storage

m bath

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storage 3.1 m2

staff office 16.4 m2

48.2 m2

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

12.1 m2

reception office

2.0 m2

m wc

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

76.9 m2

shops accessible for the patients

8 This is the plan that I settled on throughout realisation. I enlarged the

foyer 48.6 m2

f wc

48.2 m2

48.6 m2

12.1 m2 locker room

staff cafeteria 45.6 m2

m wc

foyer

m bath

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

staff cafeteria 45.6 m2

medical check up

storage

f bath

communal lounge

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

staff lounge/ staff bedroom for night shift locker room staff shower room

quiet room

storage

To follow, I tried to make the overall shape of the building more regular. Showing the various circulation routes around the building also helped me to see what I needed to prioritise - eg. There was not enough space for the dementia resident to wander around inside and outside the space, therefore I need to make some parts larger, especially the communal area.

laundry

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private courtyard for the patients

visitor visitor visitor wc wc wc

f wc storage

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

visitor visitor visitor wc wc wc

doctors office

family meeting room

kitchen

amending some spaces, I used this plan to create a 3D massing of the building. I then ran this through the simulation software. The obvious feedback I received was that the courtyard was far too small, gaining nearly no sunlight throughout the year. Additionally, the communal space still needed enlarging. The high-street of shops was also mostly overshadowed by the rest of the PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION building, so in order to receive more sunlight, I moved the whole structure slightly away from the linear existing building, making the pedestrian street wider, and more sunny.

shops accessible for the patients reception office

7 The seventh attempt was significant because, after

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foyer

m wc

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

In plan number 6, I used Auto-cad to refine the spaces. Things to improve were still the oddly shaped courtyard, some rooms were still too small, and some too big. The entrance was still not an obvious part of the plan, which it should be. Here, I tried to draw out the second floor as well, which again had some awkward small spaced within it that needed amending.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

12.1 m2 locker room

courtyard and made it a regular shape. By enlarging the courtyard and shifting the whole structure slightly to the right, there was no longer space for a public sunday market. So I changed the market location to the private courtyard, where it would only be accessible to the patients, and their family and friends. I also enlarged the communal area and introduced curved screens, similar to the one we designed in Primer, to break up the space and allow for some privacy near the residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bedrooms. Another big change, after using the simulation software, was the orientation of the bedrooms, half I titled more to the left and the other half to the right, so that they would get the morning and evening sun. Spreading the bedrooms slightly from one another, achieved a more relaxed shape to the plan, which was something I needed to improve on for the rest of the building. staff office 16.3 m2

staff office 16.3 m2

staff office 16.4 m2

staff office

33.5 m2

private courtyard for the patients

Memory Lane

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Thinking Structurally - Roof Studies

Memory Lane

From 2D to 3D - Exploring different roof options Fig.39

Fig.37

After exploring my design through plan, the next step was to think about the 3D form of my building. Here, I have presented a variety of different roofs. Each one stood out to me, as they were all relatively similar, but structurally differed. They also all prioritised daylight, making the space below generously lit, something I aimed to achieve in my building. I found these on Dezeen, with the hope of sparking some inspiration in starting the design of my roof. Observing these various precedents also helped me to begin thinking about my building in a more structural manner.

Fig.38

Fig.41

Fig.40

Fig.42

Here, I experimented after looking at the various roof examples online, at what the structure of my roof would be, and how light would enter the space below. Fig.44 Fig.45 Fig.43

Fig.46

Pictured above is a perspective I made for our Theory into Practice module. I was at the stage of my design process where I still wasn’t happy with the roof, but had to produce a perspective for the purpose of the essay submission. On completing this perspective I realised how wrong the internal space looked. Firstly, the glass panels on the roof would not realistically be able to span that far. Secondly, the roof made the space seem comparable to a barn or alternatively, a green house. Additionally, the space was too grand in size, and needed more integrated furniture to make the space more homily and inviting.

Moving forward, I had a step back and had to think about the function of my building. As patient shopping and the market “stalls” were a theme in my building, I felt I should source some inspiration from those themes. The stalls within my project would feature not only inside and outside the building, but would be a way of gathering friends and family together, through the semi-private market held in the coutyard every week. The act of buying and selling that is associated with market stalls, was also very important in my project, as the customer and seller interaction stimulates a dementia sufferer’s brain. For these many reasons, I chose to look at the typical market stall structure and shape as inspiration for my roof. A common thread with the market stalls I found was, whether they were traditional or modern, most had pitched-like roofs.

Fig.47

I began to look at various market stall designs for the interior market space but also the overall roof shape. This led me on to think about using a faceted shape, which would still be pitched in parts, and would contrast nicely with the surrounding buildings in Arthur’s Hill. Fig.48

Fig.52

Fig.51

Fig.49

Other reasons for this particular roof design: - Height; double heighted to give the communal area a ‘market hall’ feel - Sun; which will enter the large room throughout the day, as it will be south facing - Light; large spanning windows located high up by the ceiling, will ensure as much daylight into the room as possible

Fig.50

Fig.53

Fig.54

Memory Lane

More Development - Justifying my Design

Development Extended Roof Studies Here I explored faceted roof variations through sketching and Sketchup. The circled one in the bottom right was the massing I chose to explore due to its simplicity in measurements. The more interesting and aesthetically pleasing options, (eg the middle circle) I felt would have been to complicated to recreate, however more have made for a more successful roof than the one I had unfortunately chosen.

Memory Lane

Daylight Massing Simulation

IESVE Simulation - Initial massing Here, I have included the daylight simulations I ran of my initial massing, before the creation and development of my faceted roof. I used the software IESVE to produce these simulations, from 9am, 12 noon, and 3pm, in March, June and December, to see the full extent of daylight and shadow my building and the surrounding buildings create. From running this simulation I was able to acknowledge the flaws in my design. Firstly, the courtyard was overshadowed nearly the whole year round, meaning an adjustment in size was needed. Additionally, a lot of shadow was caused by the surrounding buildings. To fix this, I could remove the unnecessary existing buildings on site.

March 21st

June 21st

9am

12 noon

3pm

Below is a site section of the initial massing, made with the shadows on Sketchup, and it shows shadowing produced by the large existing building on site, as well as the courtyard in complete shadow. Dec at 12 noon

December 21st

Wind Massing Simulation

9am

IESVE Simulation - Altered massing

In December, there is a lot of overshadowing on site. This is inevitable at this time of year, as the winter sun in so low. However, so that the residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s daily dose of sunlight is maintain throughout the winter months, half the bedrooms receive the morning sun, and the other half receive the winter sun.

March

Pictured here is an urban performance simulation of my massing and surrounding context, using the Envimet simulation software. To simplify the results of this simulation- the blue areas are the areas that have the least amount of wind, while the red and pink areas have the most amount of wind.

Urban Performance Simulation 270.00

Urban Performance Simulation x/y Cut at k=1 (z=1.5000 m)

260.00 250.00 240.00 230.00 220.00 210.00 200.00 190.00

The problematic windy areas around my building are circled in red. Although these areas are the windiest in the simulation, the wind speed is from 3.41 m/s to 3.94 m/s, which is actually not that windy. Below is a copy of a table given to us in our Envimet tutorial, showing the ideal wind speed for each action. (Soligo, 1998) The information shows that even in the windiest parts of my site, the wind is at a speed where it would still be comfortable to stand.

June

180.00

Wind Speed

170.00

below 0.44 m/s 0.44 to 0.87 m/s 0.87 to 1.29 m/s 1.29 to 1.72 m/s 1.72 to 2.14 m/s 2.14 to 2.56 m/s 2.56 to 2.99 m/s 2.99 to 3.41 m/s 3.41 to 3.84 m/s above 3.84 m/s

160.00 150.00 Y (m)

Here, I have included the altered massing simulation, again produced on IESVE, and later edited. As shown, I made the courtyard a lot bigger as to allow for more daylight in the autumnal months. Additionally, I also removed the unnecessary existing buidings on site, so my building was less overshadowed, and also provided more space for a summer garden for the residents.

12 noon

6pm

Memory Lane

Daylight Massing Simulation

140.00 130.00 120.00 110.00 100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00

Min: 0.02 m/s Max: 4.26 m/s

60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00

Dec

20.00

Comfort

Mean wind speed m/s

Sitting

2.7

Standing

3.8

Strolling

4.7

Walking

5.5

Uncomfortable

5.6 +

10.00 0.00 0.00

20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00 X (m)

Realisation Review - Sections

Prior to my realisation review, I realised the spaces in my building needed developing. Additionally, the overall shape of my building seemed to contrastingly contradict itself. The south facing dispersed and ‘fanned-out’ arrangement of the bedrooms, didn’t coordinate with the rest of the building, which was comparably quite rigid and stiff in shape. The entrance of the building was not in an obvious place, and the long corridor, which I had tried to avoid, needed changing to make the arrival into the building more welcoming. Furthermore, the important communal space that would be a kind of ‘market hall’, needed a rearrangement of the furnishings and market stalls. Lastly, there was no obvious relationship between the buiding at the site surrounding it, which was again something I needed to think about.

Reflecting upon the 3D form of my building, in section, also made me realise the many changes I needed to make after the realisation review. The shape of the roof, although relatively interesting and faceted, still did not seem to work. It had an angular harshness, and did not connect to the building’s surroundings. Additionally, the choice of window was not thought through at all. I simply made them large as this would mean brighter spaces within. However, their shape did not correspond with the architectural language of my building, and so therefore, definitely needed changing.

Memory Lane

Realisation Review - Plans

East Facing Section 1:200

North Facing Section 1:200

West Facing Section 1:200

South Facing Section 1:200

Ground Floor Plan 1:200

First Floor Plan 1:200

Public, Semi and Private Zones

List of spaces Memory Lane

Realisation Review - Programme Explanation

Public, Semi and Private Zones List of spaces Public, Semi and Private Zones List of spaces Public, Semi Private Zones Below, I presented the public,and private and semi public/private zones in my building. The social zoning of List of spaces my project would remain a key importance in my project, and would allow for community integration to happen in that area. Also shown was the full list of accommodation for my building.

Semi andZones Private Zones SemiPublic, and Private

Interior “Street of Shops”

spaces ListList of ofspaces

Highstreet Semi Private Courtyard - MarketPublic stalls

Public Public High Street Semi Public Semi Private Semi Private Courtyard

Public Private Courtyard

Public High Street Private

1- Foyer 2- Reception Office 3 - Doctors Office 4- Medical room 5- Quiet room 6- Family meeting room 7-Laund 7-Laundry 8- Patient W/C 9- Patient bathing 10- Patient Bedroom 11- Communal area/internal highstreet 1- Foyer 12- Internal market stalls hosting activities 2- Reception Office 13- Staff room 3 - room Doctors Office 14- TV 15- Kitchen 4- Medical room 16- Dining hallroom 5- Quiet

17- Storage for outdoor market 18- Barbers/Hairdressers 19- Sweet shop 20- Post Office 21- Patient outdoor eating 22- Semi Private outdoor market stalls 23- Fruit and Veg shop 24- Cafe 25- Pharmacy 26- Clothes shop 27- Book shop 17- Storage for outdoor market 28- Locker room 1829- Staff kitchenBarbers/Hairdressers 19- Sweet shop 30- Staff Staf Offices

20- Post Office 21- Patient outdoor eating 22- Semi market stalls Public Semi Private 6- Family meeting 17-Private Storageoutdoor for outdoor market 1-Public Foyer room Fruit and Veg shop 23Public High Street 17- Storage for outdoor market 7-Laund 7-Laundry 1- Foyer 18- Barbers/Hairdressers 2- Reception Office Public High Street 18- Barbers/Hairdressers 2- Reception Office 24- Cafe 8Patient W/C Sweet shop 1-19Foyer 3 - Doctors Office Public 19- Sweet shop 3 - Doctors Office Semi Private Courtyard Public High Street 25- Pharmacy 9- Patient bathing 20Post Office Semi Public Semi Public20- Post Office 4- Medical room 2Reception Office 4- Medical room 17Storage for outdoor market 26- Clothes shop 5- Quiet room 1- Foyer 21- Patient outdoor eating 21Patient outdoor 10- Patient Bedroom 3 - Doctors Office eating 5- Quiet room 22- Semi Private outdoor market stalls Public High Street Courtyard Semi Private 6- Family meeting Private room 18Barbers/Hairdressers 27Book shop Semi Public 2Reception Office Semi Private 11- Communal area/internal highstreet 23- Fruit and Veg shop 4-22Medical room outdoor market stalls Semi Private 6- Family meeting room 7-Laund 7-Laundry 19Sweet shop 28Locker room 24Cafe 3 - Doctors Office Fruit and Veg shop 8- Patient W/C 12- Internal market stalls hosting activities 5-23Quiet room Semi Private Courtyard 7-Laund 7-Laundry Pharmacy 20- Private Post Office Semi Public 9- Patient bathing Private 29Staff kitchen 4- Medical25room 24Cafe 13Staff room Semi 6Family meeting room 8- Patient W/C 26-Courtyard Clothes shop Semi 10- Patient Bedroom 17- Storage forPrivate outdoor market 21Patient outdoor eating Private Courtyard 1- Foyer 30Staff Offices Staf 5Quiet room 25Pharmacy 27Book shop 14- TV 9room 7-Laund 7-Laundry Patient bathing 11- Communal area/internal highstreet 18- Barbers/Hairdressers 22- Semi Private outdoor market stalls 8-262- Reception Office Locker room 12- Internal market stalls hosting Semi Private 6-activities Family28meeting room Clothes shop Patient W/C 15Kitchen 10Patient Bedroom Semi Private Courtyard Private 19- SweetPrivate shop Courtyard 29- Staff kitchen 3 - Doctors Office 13- Staff room 23Fruit and Veg shop 7-Laund 7-Laundry30- Staff Bookbathing shop 9-27Patient 11- Communal area/internal highstreet 16- Dining hall Staf Offices 20- Post Office 14- TV room 4- Medical room 24- Cafe 8Patient W/C 28Locker room 15Kitchen Semi Private Courtyard 12- Internal market stalls hosting activities 10- Patient Bedroom 21- Patient outdoor eating 5- Quiet room Private Courtyard 25Pharmacy Private 16- Dining hall 9Patient bathing 29Staff kitchen 22- Semi Private outdoor market stalls 11- Communal area/internal highstreet 13- Staff room 6- Family meeting room 26- Clothes shop Bedroom Staf Offices 30-Internal Staff 23- Fruit10andPatient Veg shop 12market stalls hosting activities 14TV room 7-Laund 7-Laundry Private Courtyard 27Book shop Private 24- Cafe 11- Communal area/internal highstreet 15- Kitchen 8- Patient W/C 13- Staff room Locker room 25- Pharmacy 12- Internal market stalls hosting activities16-289- Patient bathing 14- TV room Dining hall Private 26Clothes shop 29Staff kitchen 82 10- Patient Bedroom 13- Staff room 15- Kitchen 27- Book14shopTV room Staf Offices 30- Staff 11- Communal area/internal highstreet 16- Dining hall room 12- Internal market stalls hosting activities 28- Locker 15- Kitchen 29- Staff kitchen 13- Staff room Dining hall 30- Staff Staf 16Offices Semi Public Public

14- TV room

1 2 17- Storage for outdoor market 18- Barbers/Hairdressers 19- Sweet shop 20- Post Office 21- Patient outdoor eating 22- Semi Private outdoor market stalls 23- Fruit and Veg shop 24- Cafe 25- Pharmacy 26- Clothes shop 27- Book shop 28- Locker room 29- Staff kitchen Staf Offices 30- Staff

1- Board games

1- Post Office

The idea is that this courtyard will be secured on one side, so that the patients cannot just wonder through thr shops and into the street. The post o office, sweet shop and hairdressers are semi public and semi private. The patients can safely use the space on one side, while the public can still use the space on the other. The person manning the shop would be positioned in the middle of the space, as a boundaery to stop the patients getting through.

2- Knitting Also presented in my realisation review was a very rough visualization 2-3-ofSweetshop the private, semi-public and public zones Hairdressers/Barbers 3- Sewing 7 4- Temporary Market Stalls 4- Pottery 7 in my project. The first was a sketch of the internal communal space, which wanted to appear like a market hall, that changeIweekly. 5- Painting 6- Library with various activity ‘stalls’ that the residents could take part in. The second was a sketch of the courtyard, where a 7- Se Seating 6 temporary market was taking place and behind, showing the accessible semiprivate shops for the residents and the public (from the other side). Thirdly, I sketched what I imagined the public high-street of shops would look like - a pedestrian route with trees and seating along the middle.

1- Veg and Fruit Shop 2- Cafe 3- Pharmacy 4- Clothes shop 5- Book shop

Thinking Through Making Looking back, the Thinking Through Making Week was an important step in my design process. After my realisation review, I acknowledged I needed to develop my design in terms of the interior details and furnishings, as well as how the building communicated with its surroundings. I believed that integrated furniture in the landscape design and internal communal area would improve my design and tie the building together. In conjunction with my primer project, I wanted to create curved screens with integrated seating that would go inside the large communal room, to break up the space, and also divide the garden area into private zones for each resident. For my thinking through making project I first created a small 1.100 scale model of a curved screen and bench seating, connected with glue. However, this showed insufficient exploration of materiality and was too roughly made. After receiving advice from a tutor, I realised more effort was needed, so I started again. My second attempt was a model of the joint of a bench, at 1.20 scale. I explored the various ways of working with wood, using the buffing machine to smooth the edges of the wood, and clear varnish to give the wood a polished finish. The joint I created was called the ‘dado’ joint which connected the legs of the bench nicely with the seat – it was sturdy and deep enough that the seat stayed parallel to the ground in a stable manner when the legs were screwed to the floor. I decorated the bottom of the bench with stones and plants to indicate the outdoor use of the bench.

Memory Lane

The Construction Process

7 Initial sketches and workings out

6 5 8

2 3

Synthesis It was during Synthesis that my project really took off. My project developed into a realistic building, that I am proud to say that I have created. In synthesis, I was able to think properly about the details of my design and amend them where necessary. For example, previously my windows looked like they had just been punched into the faรงade of the building. To improve this, I produced some elevational studies with varying window designs and recesses on the faรงade, to see and compare what visually looked best. I also found the simulation software helped me develop my final design, as I created the faceted roof according to the results I received from IESVE, ensuring a brightly lit space beneath. Our technology module also helped my final design, as I created an overhang for the roof, which benefitted the thermal cooling of the building in the summer, as well as being visually more appealing. In synthesis I also refined my project aims and showed how I responded to these aims in my design. I did so through research on the topic of dementia, completing more relevant site analysis, and making it clear how and why my building would benefit the local area. Finally, during synthesis, I really improved my photoshop rendering skills, which helped me create some successful realisations of my building, while conveying what my project, Memory Lane, was all about.

Memory Lane

Elevational Studies

After completing a new elevation of my building, shown top right, I realised I needed to develop my design sightly. The two things that stood out to me were; the roof looked strange, flush to the building’s walls, with no overhang. And the second was that the windows still didn’t seem to compliment the building’s architectural language. Consequently, I created various elevational studies, with varying window arrangements. Some had recessed areas to create depth, some had timber cladding within the window frame, some were surrounding the window frame. I created multiple variations of the same sized window. I chose this style of window because I felt it’s linear quality contrasted nicely with the faceted roof, creating a “canopy of trees” type architectural language. Additionally, the rendered stone I chose to use was not the accurate shade, as I would be reusing the limestone from the existing buildings on site. The final study, on the bottom far right, is an updated and more accurate render of limestone. After completing the study, I decided I preferred the bottom right the most, so adjusted my building accordingly.

East Facing Elevation 1:200

Updated Plans and Reasoning for Development

Memory Lane

Design Development

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Final design - This was my finished design, with suitable windows which augument the architectural language, and a succesful faceted roof with overhangs.

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Altered design - I changed my roof and windows after the review. I also changed the upper floor to be on the right of the building, and not the left. I also wanted to see what the building would look like materiality wise. I concluded the design was quite grey, and the windows still did not complement the rest of the building. Additionally, at this stage the roof had no overhang, which also looked strange, and needed amending.

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Initial design - This was my design up until the Realisation review. The roof was too harsh and angular, and the faceted areas did not consistantly cover the whole building. Additionally, the windows were simply punched into the facade, and not thought through.

A big amendment made in my design was the positioning of the upper floor, now to the right of the building. I also changed the entrance to me on the right too, meaning it would be more obvious to the people entering the building, and also makes it a bit grander. Another reason for placing the upper floor on the right of the building, was to create a physical noise and pollution barrier from the busy road opposite, meaning the courtyard would be less affected. Other changes included, the softening of corners around the edges of the building and courtyard. Moreover, the integrated furniture explored in primer and thinking through making were introduced into the large communal area to create activity â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;stallsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; for the residents.

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Amended ground floor and first floor plans, below -

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Previous ground floor and first floor plans.

Interior and Landscape Design Process

Memory Lane

Final Massing Summary

Here was the exploration of my landscape design, courtyard space, and the large comunal area. To begin with, I just drew what I thought looked nice, however I hadnt really thought about how the indoor and outdoor spaces relate to one another. The most succesful idea was taking the curved shape, inspired by my primer project, and creating furniture, and a landscape design that followed the similar shape.

Memory Lane

Simulation of the Final Massing Design

As I had dramatically updated the design and massing of my building, I needed to run new ENVIMET and IESVE simulations. The IESVE results (to the right) show that the courtyard is receiving enough sunlight in the autumnal and summer months. I was able to use these results to help determine where I would place the photovoltaic panels on my roof. As the front middle section of my roof received the most sunlight all year round, I placed them there.

Shown to the left, I superimposed the 3D view of my building and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surrounding onto the ENVIMET results, which makes the windy areas more obvious. Below, I have shown how I reduced those windy areas, by adding trees as natural wind barriers and slightly altering the heights and widths of parts of the building.

= Entrance to the building

Changes made to the design due to simulations -

1 Extension of height and width of windows above the residential pods, to allow maximum sunlight inlet The ENVIMET simulation results, (shown to the left) show that the front entrance to the building is in a completely sheltered and wind-free zone. The windiest areas around my building, shown in pink, do not have a very strong wind speed; with the highest reaching only 4.24 m/s.

3 Widening of the courtyard to allow more sun penetration in the autumnal months

2 Considered placement of trees to decrease the wind speed in those specific areas on site

4 Faceted roof to ensure sunlight entry on the east and west faĂ§ades

4 1

Memory Lane

Redefining my Personal Brief and Project Aims

At this stage of my project, I felt it was necessary to redefine and make obvious what the aims of my project would be. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve shown here the vast list of aims I wanted my project to achieve. The most important aims were definitely the well-being of the patient, enriching the local area and encouraging a community spirit, and the sustainability strategy of my building.

Memory Lane

Naming my Project and Formulating a Social Arrangement Here, I illustrated the three categories to make up my building - public, semi-public, and private. The public zone of my building was the highstreet of shops, and the semi-public was the dementia-friendly shops. The majority of the building was private, however the specific private zones were the Sunday market courtyard, the activities in doors and outdoors, and the private garden spaces of each resident outside their bedrooms.

When I had fully established what my project was about, I felt it was the right time to name it - I chose the title ‘Memory Lane’. ‘Memory’ because of its connection to dementia, and ‘Lane’ because of the lane of shops I would create in my project. I was also able, at this stage, to summarize Memory Lane in six words; connection, wandering, holistic, integration, community, and market-stalls.

Memory Lane Dementia Care Home and Shopping Hub

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Memory Lane

Additional Updated Research

It was also at this stage of the project, where I felt more research had to be done, to not only further inform myself around the topic of dementia, but also to tie my final design together. I was able to research on other care homes in the UK, similar to the Castleside ward we visited previously. I learnt of the high number of people in care homes that were depressed or had mental health problems. Through this research, I knew I wanted to make my project, Memory Lane, a building that would change these statistics, and fundamentally make the dementia sufferer the happiest person they can be.

Why choose Memory Lane?

Key Symptoms of People Suffering with Dementia: Memory loss and confusion- the progression the memory loss can be decreased by simulating the brain through sensory activities and entertainment, as well as contact with the nature, fresh air and sunlight. Sundowning syndrome - a change in behaviour, increasing in agitation or anxiety experienced in the evening, when there is swift change from light to darkness outside. Agitation at this time can be reduced by introducing a warm hue, through the lighting system, roughly half an hour before dusk, which will prepare them for sleep. Irregualar circadian rhythms and severe sleep disturbance - this can be reduced by consitant exposure to sunlight and keeping the patients mentally and physically active suring the day so they are more likely to have a productive sleep.

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Research conducted by the Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Society has shown that the

majority of care homes in the UK have poor access to NHS Services for

dementia patients, which dramatically

damages their health and mental well-being.

((Statistics about dementia | Dementia Statistics Hub, 2019))

Ideally, people with dementia would want to stay at home with their family, to retain their independence for as long as possible. Memory Lane provides a new home and full-time care for dementia sufferes, when responsibility for the family becomes too much. The percentage of people with dementia that suffer from mental health problems as a consequence is very high, so at Memory Lane, they prioritise the patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wellbeing and happiness above all. Memory Lane is an environment which aims to stimulate the brain by keeping the patients as entertained, happy and as active as possible. Another priority is to appeal to the patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s families as welll as the patients - making their visits to see their loved ones more enjoyable. Memory Lane is unique to other Dementia Care Home facilities because it connects the dementia suffers to the community. This is achieved through a semiprivate commercial system, where the public can access one half of the shop and the patient can access the other. The staff counter in the middle of the shop provides a barrier to stop the patients wandering out onto the shopping lane. This allows the patients to be connected to the real world, while also introducing and educating the public to dementia.

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Enriching the Retail Facilities in Arthurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hill

Memory Lane

Updated Site Analysis

For my synthesis review, I updated my site analysis, to make it more relevant to my project and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s community shopping theme. 104

105

Connecting my Project to Primer

Memory Lane

Refined Programmatic Summary and List of Spaces Fig a - This programmatic summary was originally used in my ARC3013 Technology submission.

The curved shape of the pod wall, we created in Primer, inspired me to continue using that shape in the interior design of my building. The curve also contrasted nicely with the angular harshness of the roof and supporting columns. In accordance with the curved theme, I designed the surrounding landscape in the same way. The aim of stimulating the brain through activity was also something I took from primer into my final design. I featured the sensory game we created in our pod, in my building, as an activity for the patients to use. I also explored the idea of bringing the outdoor, indoors through the activity stalls to entertain the patients when they are inside, including plant potting. Finally, our primer project highlighted the importance of nature and the outdoors for dementia patients, therefore I made the garden a priority in my design. I continued the entertainment of various â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;stallsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; to the outside, so that in the summer months, the patients could use the space as and when they pleased. The outdoor space would also encourage wandering.

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Responding to Project Aims - Patient Well-being and Community Enhancement

1 - Creating a Public Space Enhancing the area with new shops and a restaurant and bar will encourage people to use the space and therefore will connect with others and the local community. Its a way of bringing people together while improving the appearance of Arthurâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hill.

1 (What are the Sustainability Benefits of using Cross Laminated Timber in Construction? | Greengage Environmental, 2020)

2 - Engaging the Brain Through Shopping The dementia residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wellbeing is ensured through the stimulation of their brain while they engage with shop owners and sellers. They are also given a sense of independency and freedom, as though they are back in their old life.

3 - Engaging the Brain Through Activities By interacting with various activities available, the residents will never get bored. The activities will also spark creativity while keeping their brains stimulated. 4 - Engaging the Brain Through the Outdoors The residents have the opportunity to wander as much as they please, and this is encouraged through the winding paths inegrated into the landscape design. Outdoor activities are also available for them to use, which again encourages them to be outside. The outdoors is brilliant for the wellbeing of a dementia sufferer - the fresh air and sunlight stimulates their brain, and also helps with regulating their circadian rhythms.

Fig b - This diagram was originally used in my Technology submission. 108

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Memory Lane

Responding to Project Aims - Sustainability Strategy

Wandering - The Resident’s Circulation Around the Site Wandering among Dementia patients in very common. Memory Lane allows for patients to wander as much as they please, in a private and safe environment.

Here, I have listed the people who will live in Memory Lane. These information cards would be attached to each resident’s bedroom door, providing the staff with basic facts about that person. I have included Their nationality, favourite song and activity, and their previous job. Providing this information will mean the staff are well informed of the residents past lives and know what they enjoy doing.

With safe access to a Post Office, bakery, and hairdressers, the dementia patients can wander with freedom to these facilities, which in turn gives them a feeling of being in the real world. The patients are also able to wander to various stalls inside the home (especially when the weather is bad outside); including a reading stall, a games stall, a painting stall, a plant potting stall and a sweet ‘shop’ stall. Integrated within the landscape design are outdoor stations or ‘stalls’ for the patients to enjoy; including a bird watching area, a multi-sensory herb garden, a games area, and an outdoor seating area. Providing the patients with a daily routine and distractions, such as the activities available in Memory Lane, may in turn decrease the likelihood of patient wandering.

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Memory Lane

Resident Profiles

Structural Strategy

Memory Lane

Materiality Declaration

Structural Strategy

Fig 17 - Exploded axonometric diagram showing the primary, secondary and tertiary structures that make up my building.

Shown here is an exploded axonometric showing primary, I decided fairly late tothe design abstract tree-like columns in the large space of secondary and tertiary structure my building. With only enough time to that makes up one myof building. This redesign the new columns; enlarged is an example of what they will diagramallwas originally used in my look like. This alteration adds more ARC3013 Technology submission. structural support for the roof in that large spanning area. Additional Additionally, these columns are much more visually appealing compared to the previous cylindrical columns. Although the columns are planted in the middle of the space, they allow for possible seating at the root. They also add more of a domestic scale to the spac space.

I wanted to create an earthy and organic materiality palette for my building, from the outside to the inside. The limestone used for the majority of the exterior, was recycled from the existing buildings on site, and also merges the old existing building with the new structure. The use of brick stone also connects to building to its surroundings, although a different shade to the neighbouring red brick houses. The rest of the exterior is timber cladding, which helps to break up the otherwise solid and hefty stone facade, and adding warmth to the exterior. The private interior design I kept simply with no contrasting patterns, so as not to confuse the dementia residents. I was able to explore different textures in the public interior design as the customers would not be confused by the materiality. The use of wood throughout links my building back to the Alzheimer Respite Centre I studied as a precedent, where wood was an important feature of the building because of its homily qualities.

Fig 16 - An example of a joint that will be connecting the glulam frame together. Similar to the joint pictured, the joints in my building will be connected with hidden steel dowels as opposed to standard visibly bolted joints. This ensures for a sleeker and more subtle finish. (RISE St Structures, 2020)

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113

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Lanscaped garden (private)

Residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s garden area (private)

Resident bedroom (private)

120 and 1.100

Communal area (private)

TV room (private)

Office (private) Quiet room (private)

Office (private) Visitors room (private)

Staff dining (private) Reception area (private)

High-street of shops (public)

Clothes shop (public)

The Entrance to Memory Lane

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The Activity Stalls in the Communal Area

A View From the Office, Overlooking the Courtyard Market

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The Memory Lane Bakery

Illustrated Cultural Bibliography Alongside my module lectures and design tutorials, I attended various extra-curricular activities. While researching potential sustainable materials for my project, I attended a bamboo workshop where we learnt about the environmental benefits of bamboo used as structural material. We created little stick models which helped us think about the structural variations in construction. I then exercised my creative skills by attending a collage workshop where I experimented with shape and colour. My studio was able to visit two dementia care homes to witness the disease first-hand. I found it was also really useful to compare the two; the first was an awardwinning care unit, where the patients seemed relatively content, and the architecture and interior design was comprehensively thought through. The second was located in an old building which had previously been the labour ward of a hospital. The whole atmosphere of the place was tragic, but this was a useful visit to analyse and recognise faults within the design of the space. Finally, I visited the Maggieâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Centre in Newcastle with my studio friend Felix. The centre is a special place for cancer patients to relax in, where they are treated as normal people, friends and not patients, as far from a hospital environment as possible. Although the centre does not relate directly to dementia or my project particularly, it was interesting to visit the space first-hand and see how the architect, Ted Cullinan, has designed every detail of the centre very carefully. For example, he created a staircase with integrated seating, as well as a large spanning window in the middle of the centre, making it feel spacious and airy.

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Dutch Embassy Berlin

Case Study

The Case Study was a group activity. The work marked with a black dot is my work.

Timeline

2003

Berlin, Germany

Rem Koolhaas, OMA

B. Typology

“

... articulated within a limited, strictly cubic space, where it continually twists and turns upon itself.

”

Koolhaas, 2004

This typology study places Rem Koolhaas’ design for the Embassy of the Netherlands in the context of other buildings from around the world that share the same design philosophy free circulation of space and trajectory. The buildings we will be looking at in this Case Study report include the Seattle Public Library (also by Rem Koolhaas) and the Automobile Museum in Nanjing (by Francesco Gatti), both of which post-dates the Embassy by only a few years. One can already notice that the physical traits all of these buildings share (e.g., futuristic aesthetics, volumetric form and metallic facades.

Circulatory Trajectory

Netherlands Embassy

For the Dutch Embassy in Berlin, Koolhaas created a well defined block form within the strongly demarcated urban fabric surrounding it, thus awarding spacial uniqueness. Due to of its very private programme, circulation was somewhat constricted because of safety. In the end he created a labyrinth circulation of different thresholds based on views and experiences. This singular pathway can be seen through folding and unfolded the plan of the building in order to better show the different thresholds one goes through when roaming the building.

“a labyrinth circulation of different thresholds...”

Folding + Unfolding Material Inspiration

Koolhaas used paper as the main medium for testing out his designs through cutting, folding and layering the material, resulting in an intersecting form.

2004

Seattle Public Library Washingon, USA

Rem Koolhaas, OMA “...a civic space for the circulation of knowledge in all media”

2009

Automobile Museum Nanjing, China

Francesco Gatti, 3Gatti “...movie sequence in which the principal actor is the car” 130

The idea of an open, yet multidimentional circulation system has been captured immaculately in the design of these buildings; whereby all horizontal planes are connected to form a single trajectory along an interiorly wrapped boulevard. In many ways, the architects were eager to challenge exisiting concepts of what it means for a space to be private or public. Koolhaas grafted a bold and extroverted corridor design onto the facade of the reclusive Dutch Embassy, whilst designing the complete opposite in the public library in Seattle - the centralised ascenting path kept away from the facade. Gatti went with a slightly different approach by electing to use a dual spiral system for his automobile museum - one for vehicle and one for pedestrian traffic. In a sense, the trajectory becomes the facade.

Public = Private

Embassy (private)

Library (public)

Folding + Unfolding Material Inspiration

Museum (public)

Vertical Movement Koolhaas used paper as the main medium for testing out his designs through cutting, folding and layering the material, resulting in an intersecting form. 132

Exterior Openness

Circulatory Experience

The atmosphere inside the Dutch Embassy radiates a sense of openness, in comparision to the dull monolithic box of which forms the external facade. As one follows the natural ascent by way of the continuous labyrinthine route, one is awarded with a panoramic view of the Spree river and its surrounding scenery. At one point, the trajectory even cantilevers out in a form of a glazed ramp. Towards the north, the skyline of Berlin (Mitte) is sprawled out for all to admire, just as intended by the designer Rem Koolhaas all along. 134

136

restaurant on the roof terrace. The diagram on the right shows each individual space and the circulation connecting each floor. Below is an unravelling of the trajetory and with each space that is joined to it. Final Finally, the sectional zone diagram the From the entrance, the trajectory of theshows path leads spaces howmeeting they relate to eachother. to the virtically library, onand to the rooms, skirting the offices, leading up to the fitness area and finally the restaurant on the roof terrace. The diagram on the right shows each individual space and the circulation connecting each floor. Below is an unravelling of the trajetory and with each space that is joined Finally, the sectional zone diagram shows the to it. Final spaces virtically and how they relate to eachother.

Programme: Zones

ProgrammeCirculation Spaces Programme:

nal private ate structure.

through a pposite shows on each floor

OFFICE GYM OFFICE MEETING POLITICS CAFE RESIDENTIAL LOUNGE OFFICE OFFICE GYM POST CONFERENCE OFFICE OFFICE POLITICS MEETING OFFICE ADMIN OFFICE PUBLIC POST WORKS MEETING CONFERENCE OFFICE MEETING MEETING OFFICE OFFICE PRESS ADMIN INTERNET PUBLIC WORKS MEETING MULTIPURPOSE MEETING FOYER OFFICE PRESS

Key use: Office block with additional private accomodation in a seperate structure. Key Zone: Ten floors connected through a trajectory. Diagram opposite shows the simplified spaces on each floor of the building.

Bubble Diagram; simplified spaces 138

OFFICE WC INTERNET

From the entrance, the trajectory of the path leads to the library, on to the meeting rooms, skirting the offices, leading up to the fitness area and finally the restaurant on the roof terrace. The diagram on the right shows each individual space and the circulation connecting each floor. Below is an unravelling of the trajetory and with each space that is joined to it. Finally, the sectional zone diagram shows the spaces virtically and how they relate to eachother.

8F 10F

7F 9F

6F 8F

5F 7F

4F 6F

3F 5F

2F 4F

1F 3F

GF 2F

MULTIPURPOSE FOYER

OFFICE WC

Design Concept& Development: Views & Transparency Tv Tower View

OMA’s Models

Design Concept& Development: Trajectory

OMA’s Models

Trajectory Diagrams

In the circula based This s throug plan o ter sho one g the bu

Fold

Mat Trajectory Journey

MEeting Room

Views From the Trajectory Entrance

The main concept was to show the transparency of the Dutch government and its openness to the public through its architecture. To create this, large windows were used inside and outside. Even the ramp outside was designed in 20cm glass. This allows the building to be well lit as sunlight that comes inside the building is reflected by the aluminium floors covering the main entrance, lobby and the exhibition rooms.

Street

Residents

TV Tower

Park and River 140

He used transparency in his advantage to have different viewpoints of Berlin, this was a way to emerge two different cultures. A void cut through a wall frames the Tv Tower, which represents the communist regime. Other viewpoints include river Spree and the park. Koolhaas represented his concepts by using transparent materials in his models and highlighting the trajectory. He also shown it by his sketches, which is shown in the next slide.

AuReception ditorium

OMA’s Work

INTERNET Space

Post public works

Politics

FITNESS ROOM

deputy

ambassador

RE Stu ran t

Koolha um for cutting, al, resu

ROoftop Garden

It’s a continuous trajectory reaching all eight floors of the embassy shapes the building’s internal communication. The workspaces are the leftover areas after the trajectory is carved out. This can be seen from the series of models that Koolhaas has made in foamboard. The trajectory takes you on a journey in the building. It begins in the reception and takes you to the roof terrace passing form the library, fitness area and meeting rooms. Most of the other semi-public spaces are located outside of the trajectory towards the façade. The drawing on the bottom is a section of the trajectory that is flatted, and shows us the rooms that we enter what material they might be made out of and what floor we are at.

Design Concept& Development: 19th Century Berlin

OMAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Drawings

The Residential Wall Following the Building Regulations

Traditional Berlin (former West) has strict planning regulations, which requires every corner of a city block to be built up and to have a courtyard in the middle. In one corner OMA designed the cube and he wrapped it around in L-shaped block of three houses of embassy staff. Koolhaas represented this with the sketches on the right. At the top showing the idea of the block system in Berlin and the drawings below show how he followed these regulations. The across road between the cube and the L-shape acts as a courtyard open to one side to allow a panoramic view over river Spree and the park. In order to emphasise the difference with the surrounding 19th Century buildings, which are clad with stone, he cladded it with residential buildings in aluminium and the embassy in glass, with playful colours. 142

Design Concept& Development: Other Concepts

Skybox

The Elevator Core

Tv Tower Frame

Koolhaas wanted to create a dialogue between the ambassadors and public by cantilevering a sky-box where meeting thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s place. Again, this is made out of glass in order to be full transparent. When the public is walking through the courtyard they can see inside the meeting room.

In order to have a large span for the trajectory, Koolhaas had to design a strong core. the elevator core provides structure and the mechanical core houses the majority of performing performative equipment.

Another way Koolhaas framed the view of the Tv Tower was by cutting a large void out ion the ground floor for the entrance of the car park.

Materiality: Exterior Materiality

The main materials used on the facade of the embassy are glass, steel and concrete. The glass and steel on the exterior, adds regularity to the facade. Glass is the main material to reflect the transparency of the Dutch government. The glass also enhances the overall design as it highlights the internal trajectory, allowing for views into the internal circulation of the buildvi ing. The tinted glass, in a variety of shades, makes the building come alive at night; like a colourful glowing beacon.

clear glass

Materiality: Interior

tinted glass

perforated steel

stainless steel

reinforced concrete

The main materials used on the facade of the embassy are glass, steel and concrete. The glass and steel on the exterior, adds regularity to the facade. Glass is the main material to reflect the transparency of the Dutch government. The glass also enhances the overall design as it highlights the internal trajectory, allowing for views into the internal circulation of the building. The tinted glass, in a variety of shades, makes the building come alive at night; like a colourful glowing beacon.

Transparency 144

The interior windows help the communication between working spaces, and carries on the theme of translucency. The translucent ramps and reflective floors also adds to this theme. The light that comes inside the building is reflected by aluminum floors covering the main entrance, main lobby and exhibition hall. Exposed concrete is visible on the interior as well as timber flooring in the private residential structure.

H. Structural Strategy

∂ 2004 ¥ 10

Given the complexity of the embassy, an innovative structural solution had to be utilised. Primarily, the structural frame of the embassy consists of reinforced concrete, steel and aluminium (for some elements). The facade and the trajectory corridor gives partial support to the structure by having of evenly structured walls and aluminium supports all round, thus allowing the interior plan to be open and free to intepretation. The only other continuous support system in the building is the elevator shaft, which is located in the centre of the building.

The structure of the main embassy ﬂoor space is quite straight forward in terms of load bearing. The only difﬁculty that might have posed a problem to the engineers is actually in the cantilevered elements of the design. These volumes are Dokumentation 1143 held up by 220/120mm steel RHS posts, with the addition of extra cross-bracing where necessay. The section below shows the areas where there might be high loading stress.

∂ 2004 ¥ 10

Overall Load Bearing

6 9

11 8

Concrete, Glass, Steel 1

146

Lageplan Maßstab 1:10 000 Schnitt • Grundrisse Maßstab 1:500

Site plan scale 1:10,000 Section • Floor plans scale 1:500 200

1 2 3 44 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Garage Haupteingang Foyer »Trajekt« Veranstaltungssaal Büro Besprechung Luftraum Dienstwohnung Dachaufsicht Sitzungssaal 11 Fitnessraum

Garage Main entrance Foyer “Trajectory” Hall for various functions Office Conference room Void Official dwelling View of roof over conference hall 11 Fitness studio

2 12

The construction of the glazed ramp is mostly composed of strengthened glass panes of various thickness gauges. In some places, alunimium ďŹ ns were also ďŹ tted intermittently for extra support. The end result creates an unsettling sensation of exposure with a green tint towards the world outside when viewed from within.

6 13

Cantilevered Volume

4 e

e 10

Weight of Glass (70mm)

7 8 9

148

150

Environmental Strategy: Double Skin Facade Airflow Section

Airflow Detail Section

Wall Section Trajectory Wall Section

The trajectory distributes fresh air drawn from the double skin faรงade to the workplaces, the left-over areas that the path curved out the cube. There are no windows in this building, as the faรงade skin in not broken down into floor and acts as one unit.

Sunshading Coat

3 -

Metal slats

40mm

South Facade Section Safety Glass

16mm

0 0

+ +

0 + 0

0 + 0 + 0 0

100mm

1 2

32mm

Double Pane Glass Stretch Metal Cover

North, West and East Facade Section 10mm

1. Trajectory contains pressurised air

1. Air moves through grill openings

2. Air passively moves into office spaces

2. Slot with present opening sized for program

Safety Glass

100mm

3. Negative charge pulls outside into facade.

3. Self-regulating air valve, present for temperature. Double Pane Glass

24mm

152

Sunshading Coat Stretch Metal Cover

Environmental Strategy: Thermal Mass

Environmental Strategy: Right to Light Light Source

Summer & Winter Sun Detail Section

Heating during the Day

June 21

Heating during the Night

Dec 21

Fitness Studio

June 21 Dec 21

June 21

Offices

Dec 21

June 21 Dec 21

Trajectory

June 21 Dec 21

Multi-purpose Room

Artificial Lighting

62° Angle

Natural Lighting

Summer Sunset

Summer Sunrise

17:00

Winter Sunrise

Winter Sunset

09:00 13:00

14°Angle

The German regulations allows the office spaces to be maximum eight meters away from natural light. Also, good lighting has a considerable impact on well-being, health and performance. OMA has designed all of the office spaces closer to the façade and trajectory to be in the centre of the building. This is shown with the diagram on the bottom left, where office spaces are layered on top of each other.

Thermal mass is a concept in building design that describes how the mass of the building provides passivity against internal temperature fluctuations. Concrete is a heavyweight material. It has a hight storage capacity. This means that heat moves between the material’s surface and its interior at a rate that roughly matches the building’s daily heating and cooling cycle. During the day concrete would absorb the unwanted heat and release it at night.

This diagram also shows that the offices are concentrated on the South. Artificial lighting is used, however this type of lighting in mainly found in the core as sunlight cannot enter. As it is cladded in glass it is a well-lit building throughout the year. However, sunshades are found in the residential areas.

This is great for an office building because when the staff arrives in the morning, they will be using less energy to warm up the building because the released heat would keep the building warm during the night.

Small Details Environmental Strategy: Small Details

Environmental Strategy: Small Details

Bibliography & Figures:

Janet’s:

Milena’s

Design Concept & Development:

https://inspiration.detail.de/netherlands-embassy-in-berlin-103777.html?lang=en

Views & transparency:

Berlin Cathedral https://www.flickr.com/photos/navaneethkn/31313827462 Spree River https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/photo/berlin-skyline-with-a-sightseeing-boat-on-spree-royalty-free-image/961775708

Model Photos: https://oma.eu/projects/netherlands-embassy View Photos: https://oma.eu/projects/netherlands-embassy https://archello.com/project/netherlands-embassy-in-berlin Trajectory: OMA’s Work: The Ducth Embassy in Berlin by OMA book by Francois Chaslin OMA’s Models: https://oma.eu/projects/netherlands-embassy 19th Century:

St.Nocholas Church : https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679052 Dutch Embassy: https://archello.com/story/37345/attachments/photos-videos Circulation in and Out: 1st photo: https://architizer.com/idea/71206/ 2nd photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/25857257@N08/4582298934 Circulation staff vs Visitors: Sections: traced from: 1st section: https://miesarch.com/work/1909 2nd sectionhttps://www.archiweb.cz/en/b/holandska-ambasada-v-berline

OMA’s Drawings: https://oma.eu/projects/netherlands-embassy Small Details: Skybox https://issuu.com/anthonyashford/docs/ashford_14.1_final_design_180med Tv Tower https://www.e-architect.co.uk/berlin/dutch-embassy-berlin

Colour coding diagram and photos :https://issuu.com/anthonyashford/docs/ashford_14.1_final_ design_180med p.8-9

Environmental Strategy:

Trajectory: https://thedesignedplace.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/omadutch.png

Right to Light Photo: https://oma.eu/projects/netherlands-embassy

Bibliography: Bock, I. Six Canonical Projects by Rem Koolhaas: Essays on the History of Ideas, 2015, JOVIS Ver-

Thermal Mass: https://www.archiweb.cz/en/b/holandska-ambasada-v-berline Small Details: https://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2016/03/09/netherlands-embassy-berlin-in-germany-by-oma/#jp-carousel-327627 https://www.archiweb.cz/en/b/holandska-ambasada-v-berline BOOKS: The Dutch Embassy in Berlin by OMA/ Rem Koolhaas OMA AMO Rem Koolhaas 1996-2000, Dilerious and More

Bibliography & Figures: Niamh’s For pictures; https://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2016/03/09/netherlands-embassy-berlin-in-germany-by-oma/?fbclid=IwAR04KhDtnd93REd2i0VLy_IeIxtkh_wCTHDJF_auBp61F1NPaNe-gFnKMLI#jp-carousel-327627 External Materiality pictures were my own, the bottom left - The embassy at night; https://miesarch.com/work/1909 Books read; OMA AMO Rem Koolhaas 1996-2006, Delirious and More

Teo’s :

OMA did not use ceiling artificial lighting in the offices that are loCabinets with holes in order to cancel sound pollution. cated near to the façade, as throughout the day it will have natural light entering from the large glass windows. Instead, he used desk lights as artificial lights. This way light can be adapted from room to room. The lights will not be on when they are no staff in the room.

Use of desk lamps instead of ceiling light.

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They have cancelled the sound pollution with the cabinet they’ve used. They got little holes in them which absorbed the sound and prevents it from reflecting. Again, this is to create pleasant working conditions and environmental solutions that meets everybody’s needs.

Diagrams traced from: http://www.rileymacphee.com/dutch-embassy-analysis-1 Special Sequances: Vertical Circulation Diagrams traced from : http://www.rileymacphee.com/dutch-embassy-analysis-1 Information:

https://oma.eu/projects/netherlands-embassy https://oma.eu/projects/seattle-central-library https://www.archiweb.cz/en/b/holandska-ambasada-v-berline https://miesarch.com/work/1909 Six Canonical Projects by Rem Koolhaas https://inspiration.detail.de/startseite.html?lang=en Netherlands Embassy in Berlin

Use of desk lamps instead of ceiling light.

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Bibliography

List of Figures

The Chronicle Live. 2020. All About Arthur’s Hill. [online] Available at: <https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/all-about/arthurs-hill> [Accessed 14 June 2020]. Dementia statistics – Dementia Statistics Hub. 2020. Statistics About Dementia | Dementia Statistics Hub. [online] Available at: <https://www.dementiastatistics.org/statistics-about-dementia/> [Accessed 17 June 2020]. Dementiafriendlykent.org.uk. 2020. Dance Project - Dementia Friendly Kent. [online] Available at: <http://dementiafriendlykent.org. uk/learning/intergenerational-projects/dance-project/> [Accessed 18 June 2020]. Hawkinge House Nursing Home and Care Suites Kent. 2013. Newsletter Summer 2013 - Hawkinge House Nursing Home And Care Suites Kent. [online] Available at: <https://hawkingehouse.co.uk/news/newsletter-summer-2013/> [Accessed 18 June 2020].

Figure 1 - 3: Taken by the Charette Photography Workshop group Figure 4: House of Memories Studio Brief, 2020 Figure 5,7,9,10: http://www.robinbt2.plus.com/arthurshill/regeneration_probs/empty_boarded/default.htm Figure 6 and 8: https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/gallery/10-dramatic-pictures-police-incident-15535631 Figure 11, 12, 14: https://newcastlephotos.blogspot.com/2011/01/newcastle-general-hospital.html Figure 13, 15, 16: Google Maps Figure 17 - 22: http://dementiafriendlykent.org.uk/learning/intergenerational-projects/dance-project/ Figure 23 - 28: https://hawkingehouse.co.uk/photo-gallery/#! Figure 29 - 36: http://www.niallmclaughlin.com/projects/alzheimers-respite-centre-dublin/ Figure 37 - 54: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/ and https://www.dezeen.com/ Figure a and b - Work taken from my ARC3013 Technology booklet

Hawkinge House Nursing Home and Care Suites Kent. 2020. The Village Green - Hawkinge House Nursing Home And Care Suites Kent. [online] Available at: <https://hawkingehouse.co.uk/the-village-green/> [Accessed 18 June 2020]. Niallmclaughlin.com. 2020. Alzheimer’S Respite Centre, Dublin | Níall Mclaughlin Architects. [online] Available at: <http://www. niallmclaughlin.com/projects/alzheimers-respite-centre-dublin/> [Accessed 18 June 2020]. Velux.com. 2020. Daylight Requirements In Building Codes - Daylight, Energy And Indoor Climate Book. [online] Available at: <https://www.velux.com/deic/daylight/daylight-requirements-in-building-codes> [Accessed 18 June 2020]. Michael J. Soligo, P.A.C.J.G.D., 1998, A comprehensive assessment of pedestrain comfort including thermal effects. Journal of wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 77-78, pg 753-766 Envimet, Tutorial in Urban Performance Simulation Booklet IESVE, Tutorial in Building Performance Simulation Greengage-env.com. 2020. What Are The Sustainability Benefits Of Using Cross Laminated Timber In Construction? | Greengage Environmental. [online] Available at: <https://www.greengage-env.com/sustainability-benefits-cross-laminated-timber/> [Accessed 18 June 2020].

Thank you to my tutors, Neveen and Stuart, for your help and support throughout the year. Thank you to the House of Memories studio was being such a lovely group of people to work with. Rest in peace Lydia, we will miss you dearly and remember you fondly.

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