Olivia Ewing Portfolio by PDF Uploads

Po r t f o l i o Olivia Ew ing Stag e 3 A rchitecture 2020/ 21

Il l ust rat ed Refl ect ive Repo rt

Contents Illustrative Re fle ct ive Re port

01 Fra min g

02 Testin g

03 Sy nth e s is

Illustrate d Cu lt u ral Bibliograph y

Biblio graph y

List o f Fi gu re s

Appendix

Indicates new work completed since the synthesis review

This has been my favourite and the most informative year of my undergraduate studies. I found the synthesis of the modules helpful as they enabled me to explore in-depth theoretical and technical responses to the site as well as the elements of design. Before we started to design or propose anything on the site it was important for us to identify what ‘good’ housing was. To do this, as a group, over zoom, we came up with a manifesto for housing, each identifying issues with social housing and ways in which the issues could be resolved. The manifesto was a really useful tool in developing a brief responding to the issues directly related to Cruddas Park and to ensure the brief was sustainable and relevant. It was a tool I used throughout my project, using it as a resource to refer back to ensure I was not only responding to the immediate context of Cruddas Park but also understanding the wider context of the housing crisis.

Our Group Manifesto

The readings we were given for the seminars inspired and informed my design in the response to the site and realising the most appropriate forms and housing typologies. In particular, Neve Brown’s ‘The Form of Housing’ prompted the focus of my scheme to design new low-rise housing on top of the podium. Brown’s discussion around the problems with high-rise social housing, describing the space around the tower blocks as ‘no man’s land’ that creates disconnect, encouraged me to explore the forms of streets and the terrace typology which she promotes. (Brown 1967) With a site such as Cruddas Park, which lacked integration and connection a street form could promote interaction between neighbours and the surrounding community.

Final Massing exploring the street typology

The theoretical exploration taken place in the ARC 3014 assignment further enhanced how I designed spaces, with the atmosphere and user in mind. During this global pandemic, it has become evident how important creating accommodating spaces is. I was inspired by the work of Mies Van der Rohe who’s favoured method of representation was collage, believing that collage was the best representation of how people occupy space and the best way to show textures and colour. Collaging through photomontage and sketching were practices that I carried through my whole project; they enabled me to imagine the atmosphere of space during the conceptual stages in framing and the final stage in synthesis. It enhanced my thinking of Cruddas Park at a human scale with the user at the centre when both analysing and redesigning the site.

The manifesto also highlights the importance of affordable housing; therefore it was useful knowledge to understand how a project sticks to a strict budget. Previous to completing the professional practice essay I was unaware of how this could be achieved in projects. However, whilst studying this module I learnt about the most appropriate procurement strategy to ensure the project stays within budget. The two-stage tender would ensure the pricing for this large scale peoject was realistic.

The manifesto highlighted the importance of an environmentally sustainable housing scheme in our current climate. This theme directed my response to the ARC3013 assignment as I made a conscious effort to research and design with passive house principals. The integration between design and technology meant that technology informed the design of the spaces and form of the building, which in previous years would have been an after thought. For example, the orientation of the roof pitches was tested to enhance their solar gain from solar panels. As well as this, the importance of designing with modular principles in construction had a direct impact on the spatial layout of the building. Before the technology report, I had not properly considered the materiality of the building. With the existing concrete structure compromising a huge deal of embodied carbon a CLT superstructure was chosen for the new housing as it acts as a carbon store and any concrete that had to be demolished was reused in stairs, ramps and to reinforce the concrete structure. Upon reflection, had I considered some of the more technical aspects such as concentrating on the structure of the existing podium and how this would affect the forms that could sit on top of it, the design process of the floor plans could have been shorter.

Collages exploring conceptual ideas.

Overall, I am pleased with the progress I have made this year and the skills I have developed. The past year has challenged me with working more digitally, learning software such as Vector works and illustrator, and adapting to this style, however, I believe this is a skill that will benefit me greatly once I start working in the profession. Not having the studio to work in this year has been both beneficial and not. I missed the social aspects, however, I discovered that it relived the pressures of constant comparisons with other students, increasing my confidence and in turn increasing my levels of productivity. Spending a year focusing on housing has given me an insight into the challenges around social housing and the important issues that are being tackled now and in the future by architects. ARC 3013 work from technical report - Solar strategy

ARC 3013 work from technical report- exploring modularity Sketch of the overall Site strategy

Reacting to the manifesto which we created as a group, I was able to develop my brief to create a master plan to regenerate the site. Using the manifesto through this stage allowed me to focus on the immediate context of Cruddas Park whilst understanding the wider context of the housing crisis. After visiting and analysing the site it became obvious to me that the architecture of the towerblock conformed to capitalist intentions rather than designing for the well-being of its users, creating maximum flats on minimum square footage. Therefore, I felt the site would benefit from a new housing development on top of the existing podium retaining the existing car park level. Moreover, the I identified the shopping centre as a barrier disconnecting the site. By developing a brief and identifying the main issues with the site such as the lack of activity, the lack of diversity within the demographic, and the poor routes through the site I was able to come up with a massing and a masterplan to reconnect the site and encourage integration between both the residents and the surrounding community of ElswickAs I was working with a large scale project I used framing to focus mostly on understanding how the existing building and the site could be enhanced on a more urban level.

01 6

Framing 7

Cr u dda s Par k , E lswick

Cruddas Park, Elswick is situated in the West-End of Newcastle, only a 15 minute walk from the City Centre. A 1960’s housing estate comprising of mainly high rise tower blocks , replaced a small park and some terrace housing previously on the site. The site has potential with the surrounding community of Elswick and connecting views to the river, however, Cruddas Park House, the building that sits upon the site is dissued, neglected and uninspiring.

Figure 1 Google maps axonometric view of the site

Cr ud d a s Pa r k H o use The site sits disconnected with the disused green space to the south of the scheme, with a 117m long shopping centre which is impermeable and blank, acting as a barrier to the green space. The orientation of the shops are inward facing leaving the exterior facade blank and giving the impression that there is nothing happwning inside. The entrances are small and bleak and do not encourage the public to enter the site.Overall it hasn’t been designed with people in mind, but rather with effficency, space, and construction leading to its failure in being a successful, well-used site. This is emphasised through th many vaccant shops and unoccupied flats. Vacant shops and unoccupied flats

Site plan 1:2500

A J o u r n e y Thro ugh C r udda s Pa rk Hou s e Inside the Shopping Centre

The south facade connecting to the green space

Main Entrance on the North Facade Entrances to the flats 12

This journey highlights the univiting, inactive shopping centre,aswell as the antisocial journey taken by the residents to their flat. In addition to this the shopping centre is emphasised as a barrier to the green space.

wanted to make Newcastle a modern city and his vision included urban motorways, a metro public transport system and high proﬁle architecture.

25 - 35 km/h

10 - 25 km/h

0 - 10 km/h

Site

Cruddas Park

Nerby housing

S it e A n alys is Areas such as the wind rose and the sun path were important factors during the massing stage of my deisgn process.The access to the site was an important factor to consider when devloping proposals. The West-Moreland Road runs along the North side of the shopping centre, coming from Newcastle city centre from the East. This information helped me understand the heirachy of the space within the site allowing me to place impotance on the main access points. Occupants

Pedestrians

Vehicles

Site Section Scale 1:1000

High

Medium

Low

Greenery

High

Medium

Low

Group work

S u n Pat h and t h e S h adows Creat ed

100 90

The orientation of the sun around the site was an important factor to be considered when designing propsals on top of the podium as the 23 storey tower casts large shadows across the site .

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

West Elevation 1:200

South Elevation 1:200

Group Work

Ro u t es t o t h e Si t e Group work

D em o g rap h i c s

S it e His t ory of Te rrace Hou s in g In the 1950s, before the Cruddas Park tower blocks were built, the site consited of terrace houses.The terrace and street typology brought a bond and connection to the site, something the current site lacks. The image of the children playing in the street is a scene I would want to bring back through my proposal.Rows of terrace houses still surround the site. These existing forms are something I have used in my design proposals to develop a site strategy.

Figure 2 Google maps view of the Exisiting terrace typology surrounding the site

Figure 3 Images of the site in the 1950’s

The demographic of the site is largely dominated by single or divorced men of the ages 45-70 with little or no qualifications. The cycle showing the lack of diversity within the demographics of the site demonstrates that , unless change is made, introducing more facillities for families and women it will discourage a change in demographic. Furthermore, the surrounding area has facilties such as nurserys, schools and nursing homes, therefore an increased demograohic could benefit also from these facilities.

Figure 4 1950’s map of Elswick

Cycle showing a lack of diversity that would continue if nothing changes

Demographic diagrams

Group work

Wh at S h ou ld Hou s in g Be ? Our group manifesto depicts what high standards of living and housing should be. I was able to apply this manifesto to Cruddas Park to help me identify the reasons why the site is not succesful .This manifesto has played a crucial role in helping me create a breif for this project, allowing me to constantly refer back to it and analyse my proposals to ensure they will be succesful housing models.

Group work collage setting the cultural conext for our studio manifesto Group work

Sarg f ab ri k , Th em at i c Cas e St u d y Creat in g My Own B ri ef Identifying the key objectives within my brief : Design spaces to promote social interraction, communal spaces, pedestrains routes through the site and intimate spaces, such as courtyards . Creating a social hub that encourages interraction between both the residnets and the surrounding community of Elswick, proposing facilities such as a sports centre and a community hall. Create a more diverse demographic within the site by introducing a variety of housing types .

Site Programme Communal activity is at the core of Sargfabrik’s design.For the residents, a range of shared spaces such as courtyards, inner paths, shared kitchens, a shared laudry room and communal rooftop gardens cultivate a space for informal contacts and neighbourly relationshios to form with ease . As well as this, there is an event hall, conference facilities, a restaurat, kindergarten, and a bathhouse that are open to the public. This highlights Sargfabrik’s potential to enrich the community within its wider urban context.As the building is highly popular and residents rarely move out, this isndicates that this strong sense of community is valued and successful. I have been influenced by Sargfabrik and have used it to inspire me to consider the types of shared spaces within a housing scheme that I can take forward into my design such as the idea of cohousing. As well as this, the idea of incorporating public facilities within the site to enrich the community is an opportunity that Cruddas Park would benefit from to promote integration within a scheme disconnected from the surrounding community.

Redesign the podium to make it permeable rather than a barrier to to the green space, introducing pedestrian routes through it.

Drawing describing shared facilities

Bringing the green space up into the site to encourage a connection between the podium and the park. Creating more sociable housing, introducing cohousing, common houses and sociable journeys for the residents. Designing with sustainable princaples. Initial Ideas for the Site

Shared courtyard

Public Restaurant

Bathing house

Rooftop gardens

User Centred Design Sargfabrik was constructed in response to an expensive market that only catered for individuals and couples but not families. The aim of the building was to create housing that catered to heterogenous lifestyles and people of different ages. Everything that the current market didn’t do. An interesting aspect of the properties is that they may only be signed on 5-year leases, encouraging people to evaluate their current situatoon and reflect on their time in Sargfabrik. Referring back to the housing manifesto, something I was able to identify that Cruddas Park was not successful in was creating spaces that were centred on the users actual needs.The architecture of the tower block has conformed to capitalist intenstions indicated by the creation of the maximum amount of flats on minimum square footage. Sargfrabrik has high levels of living satisfactions as it has considered areas such as creating green spaces for people to socialise and shared spaces for more areas of interraction. When designing I am to constantly imagining a user in the spaces I create, with the aim of designing a scheme with higher standards of living.

Architects Statement:“BKK- 3 builds with people. Social, sustainable and diverse. The declared aim of our arhcitecture is to look into the future and take responsibility that goes with planning across generations. Participatory, interactive and fun.Living satisfaction in our properties is above average and is based on understanding of the actual user needs.” (BKK-3 Architecture | SARGFABRIK, 2021)

Diverse Planning Across Generations Sargfabrik is not just a social housing exemplar but an example of how diversity and community can be encouraged through architecture.

“The urban village is home to a large range of people including, traditional nuclear families, singles, young people, returees, refugees and people with disablilites” As such, through the designed accesibility and diverse range of flats of Sargfabrik, it is a housing scheme which a broad range of residents could in theory spend their whole lives.Highlighting that the practices belief that a building should be diverse and planned across generations. With a severe lack of diversity within the demographic of Cruddas Park, this is a great example of how a housing scheme benefits from a diverse group of people and welcomes diversity. Increasing the demographic of the site is a key objective I would like to bring forward in my scheme. Sargfabrik has highlighted the importance of access for all by using ramps and lifts. With a sloping tpography within Cruddas Park and the importance of new routes in my proposal, creating routes that are accessible for everyone will be key to the design.

Plan describing the lifts and ramps within tbe site.

I s s u es W i t h i n t h e Si t e an d M y Pro p o s al s

Th eor y In to Prac ti c e Entrances

After visitng the site and experiencing how it feels to be in spaces around the podium , it has encouraged me to place particular importance in my design in the way users experience spaces.In my theory into practice essay I explored how the pracice of collage in the form of sketching and photomontage is a practice that assits me throughout my design process, especially in the early conceptual stage. and helped me come up with a strategic breif for the site

Despite many attempts to revitalise the site over the years,the site has become unpopular, lacks diversity and integration , leaving many shops and flats empty and neglected. The entances of the podium don’t help this situation as they are small, uninviting, and very closed looking. I propse a grander entrance that will be noticed from the road, where shops and buildings face outward toward the road, encouraging people to meander through the site .

“To ensure my designs are socially responsive I sketch or create collages of scenes rich in atmsophere as a starting point in my design, using this method as a process of thinking.I begin my design process by designing smaller details of social encounters or environments rather than restricting myself to offer

Drawing of the existing main entrance

precise renders of room dimensions and functions.” - Quoted from the essay Peter Zumthor relys on creating an atmosphere through collage through his atmospheric sketches which allow him to make his building live before its even been built: “the initial representations are not supposed to show the reality of the future atmosphere of the place, but to convey the atmosphere”. (Drozd,2009) This method of design has enabled me to extract the atmosphere intened, with the involvement of images, whilsts configuring general details of the design.

Photo montage demonstrating an early idea of a propsal of a rooftop garden on top of the podium

Drawing of a proposed grander enrance to the site 28

Blank Facades Drawing of the current blank facades on site

Another major issue is that the podium is inward facing with blank facades on the exterior. This discourages people to approach the site and creates the impression that it’s a derelict site . I intend to create facades that will interest people and draw people in, such as the lower level sports courts which people will be able to spectate from a sheltered outdoor area.

La c k o f i n t e grat i o n be t w e e n re s i de n t s The current tower has no spaces within it which create a setting for interaction, resulting in feelings of lonliness and disconnect within the residents. The narrow corridors are not a plesant spot to socialise. One resident of the tower said: ‘It’s hard not having any areas to sit outside in. I wish we had communal

Drawing of the existing anti-social corridors

gardens because we can’t do anything, we are just stuck in these four walls. ( Cruddas Park resident during lockdown,2020) I propose to create more spaces for interaction such as outdoor courtyards and social balconies.

Drawing of a proposed moment creating interest using a glazed facade Drawing of propsed socail balconies encouraging interaction

Pulling peole into the site

Directing people towards the river

Mas s in g re s pon d i n g t o t h e s it e

Carving paths through the building

Stepping topography

Views towards the river

The current tower and podium are uninviting and do not maximise the potential to influence movement through the site towards the river. The form of the podium creats a barrier rathert to the site. Therefore I intend to divide up the podium, integrating it better within the site, to encourage original pathways towarsd the river and views with a stepping typography to mirror the hill it sits on The division of the podium derives from funneling people into the site and directing them towards the green space.With the vast green space not being used I intend to create terrace housing, which historically exsisted on the site in 1950’s which creates a path toward the river and follows the direction the surrounding buildings are facing.

MAIN ENTRANCE FROM ROAD

INDOOR/ OUTDOOR MARKET

OUTDOOR GALLERY TO SPORTS COURTS

Moments within the proposal Responding to the existing forms on the site 32

Ex p l o d ed axo n o m o t ri c of p ro p o s ed s i t e s t rat eg y

Apartment housing Supermarket

Public buildings- Shops market, libary , Newcastle college, work from home ofﬁces.

Underground carpark Terrace housing Sports courts

Communal housing

Exploded axonometric of the programme

The testing stage allowed me to explore further massings and forms in response to the site analysis I had unpicked in Framing. As well as this I was able to test forms and ideas derived from readings in seminars and our case study, Sargfabrik. It was a challenging task as I found myself lost in the large scale of the project. I found it useful to focus on moments that I wanted to create within the site, such as the large inviting entrance from the East, coming from Newcastle City Centre. The rigerous development shown in this stage highlights the development of my understanding of both the site and the brief. It also allowed me to go into greater detail and test elements such as roof forms and the ways in which balaconies were angled to benefit from the most sun light.

01 36

Testing 37

L ife B etwe e n B uildi n gs , Ja n G el h Gehl explores the relationship between the quality of outdoor space and the rate at which outdoor activities occur observing that when the quality of the space is high, the occurance of optional activity increases. (Gehl, 2011) This has taught me the importance of making the public spaces bewteen buildings desirable places and the importance of street life in residential areas, informing my decision to create routes through the building and courtyard spaces with a purpose.

I t erat i o n o f t h e En t ran c e It e rat ion s of p l an s de ve lopin g ro u t es t h rou gh t h e si t e The disection of the podium evolved, taking different shapes, all with the main aim of drawing people into the site through permeable buildings and routes.I have done this by creating spaces for interaction such as courtyards within the scheme and opening up the site connecting it to the green space.

During Framing I became aware that the main entrance was not in best place to draw people in. With Newcastle city centre to the East of the site it made sense for thr main entrance to be on this corner as it would get the most attention. Understanding hierarchy within architecture helped me identify that this entrance should be the tallest part of the scheme.Unlike the exsiting main entrance, the proposal would be hard to miss. I have designed an architectural device which emphasises the openess of the courtyard by contracting the entrance to the space.

Life Between Buildings, Jan Gehl, p.11.

Existing main enrance

How the corner has evolved

D ev el o p i n g a Stre e t Ty p ol og y Figure 4 Google maps view showing existing terrace houses to the north of the site

The decision to develop the massing from a closed off courtyard space to terrace housing came from reading Neave Browns, ‘The Form of Housing’ as he promotes the street typology of terrcae housing depicting that the , “Functions (of social housing) seem to favour horizontal rather than vertical.”(Brown 1967). She acknowledges that this typology enchances the community life saying it ‘generates a cohessive street socity’. As well as this, our mainfesto for housing states that good housing must ‘encourage community through spaces and design which weave into the existing culture and context.’ As well as being a form that enhances community, it fits into the existing context, tieing in with the most dominant lines and forms, integrating rather than dominating the site as the exsiting scheme does.

Group manifesto

Te s t in g t h e S u n an d S h adows

Testing Sunlight

The roof on site came together during the technical report. Having not previously considered how I could take advatage of pitched roofs on such an exposed site, earlier massings of the site did not consider sustainable strategies. The roof pitches are orientated so that they are exposed to the maxium amount of sunlight throughout the day to provide electricty to the new development.

Tes t i n g t h e Su n an d Sh ad o w s This sunlight study testing the angles of balcanies informed me on the best orientation for the maximum amount of sunlight for each apartment throughout the day. I discovereed option 2 was the optimum option and was used in my scheme.

Work from ARC 3013, the technical report, exploring the sun path and the use of soalr panels

Sunlight study

Earlier models showing the roof forms

Making plaster bricks from moulds

Testiing the technical connections

Tesing shadows using the model

1:1 model exploring reclaimed brick

Th i n k i n g Th ro u g h M ak i n g

Collage creeatd using an image from a light study, exploring shadows and privacy

This material study encouraged me to consider the facade and the aesthetic I wanted ro explore in my scheme. I enjoyed understanding, through modeling plaster bricks, the technical connections between the bricks and the different shadows the the bricks could cast internally to create an atmsphere in a room. Making a 1:1 brick wall with recycled brick made me appricate this mismatched aestheric that would not only create a more interesting facade but would also be more sustainable.

01 46

The regeneration of Cruddas Park house focuses on increasing diversity, creating better circulation and designing in a sustainable maner to create a housing scheme that encourages integration between both residents and the existing surrounding community of Elswick.The synthesis stage of the project sees all my ideas informed by a combination of all the modules come to life through drawings. Ideas developed from our original manifesto can be seen in collages showing routes through the site and a more connected proposal. In my synthesis I aimed to communiacte how the issues I identified with Cruddas Park have been resolved, comparing existing views with proposals. As well as this the synthesis demonstartes the relationship between the new housing development and the existing tower ensuring the new development does not comprises issues such as pivacy. The work in this synthesis reflects a social housing scheme that brings together varying demographics and encouraging integration through moments and spatial opportunities. During this project I have throught more about how architecture has the ability to change a person’s mental state, especailly in a domestic setting. I have been exposed to how often buildings are designed with no consideration of the people living inside them, especially in social housing and how this has created lower living standards.Bree Akkesson acknowledges that the “physical environment can have as much of an impact on a person’s mental well-being, if not more, than social environements.”(Akkesson, 2017) Architecture can create opportunities to meet neighbours, interact with society and enjoy life a little more.

Synthesis 47

Th e Re generated Cr udda s Park Hou s e

Figure 5- View of existing site from the south from google

S ite Sectio n The section shows the how my scheme responds to the topography on site. It demonstartes how I have made a feature of the change in levels within the site encouraging a connection to the green space.

Site Section Scale 1:500

4 14

11 13 10

12 11

6 9

2 8 13 7

12 13

1 Plant room 2 Bin store 3 Shop 4 Delivery loading bay 5 Shop 6 Cafe 7 Stairway for flats in tower 8 Receptionist staff room 9 Studios 10 Stores 11 Changing room 12 Tenis court 13 Squah Court 14 Car Park for residents 15 Bike Store 16 Rain water collection system

Lower Ground Floor Scale 1:200

26 24

20 21

25 28 19

23 18

17 Supermarket 18 Restaurant 19 Food market hall 20 artist workshop 21 Common house 22 Cafe 23 Cafe 24 Nursery 25 Multifunctional community hall 26 Retail shop 27 Store 28 Retail shop 29 First floor of three-storey terrace

Ground Floor Scale 1:500

En t ran c es The main entrnace was one of the main issues I identifed in Framing, acknowledging that it is uninviting and could be missed. The new, proposed entrance is the tallest part of the new scheme, with active frontage it attracts and funnels funnels people into the site .

Existing main entrance

36 39 31

37 32 35

41 34

30 Existing flats in the tower 31 Gym 32 Office 33 Cohousing bedroom 34 Shared Kitchen 35 2 bedroom apartment 36 Cohousing bedroom 37 Laundry 38 Shared kitchen 39 Newcastle College 40 Libary 41 Second floor of three-storey terrace

Fisrt Floor Scale 1:200

B l an k Fac ad es The existing blank facades gives the impression that there is no activity ongoing within the site. This physcial barrier discourages users to enter the shopping centre. The proposed facades create journeys through the site. The angled access invites the user and funnels them into the space, creating connections with the green space.

Existing blank facade

48 51 43

44 45

42 Existing flats in the tower 43 2 bedroom apartments 44 Laudry 45 Storage 46 Cohousing bedroom 47 Shared living space 48 Cohousing bedroom 49 Storage 50 Shared living space 51 Newcastle College 52 Libary 53 Third floor of the three-storey terrace

Second Floor Scale 1:200

A n t i -s o c i al Co rri d o rs The anti-social corridors within the tower discourage interraction between residents. Within the cohousing units the corridors have been designed with moments that break up the journey and window seats, using the architecture of spaces to encourage social interraction.

Existing corriidor within the tower

54 Office space 55 Libary 0

Third Floor Scale 1:200

Co n n ec t i n g w i t h t h e G reen Sp ac e

The extension of the park on top of the podium, softens the space with the use of landscaping andcreates a sense of place on a human scale. The creation of a more permebale ground floor enhances routes through the site whilst creating comforatble areas that will encourage people to congregate. 61

Marmalade Lan e , Mole A rchi t ec t s

Collage of Marmalade Lane on Cruddas Paek site Group Work

The cohousing development of marmalade lane brought clarity to the way in which I could incorporate a variety of different housing types to increase the diversity within the demographic within Cruddas Park. The varying demographic accross the site has increased the sense of community. “The residents of Marmalade Lane come from all ages and walks of life and includes families with young children, retired couples and young professionals.” (Marmalade Lane - Cambridge’s first cohousing community, 2021) The cohousing faciliites such as a common house, gardens and the ‘Lane’, a child riendly, car-free street, where elements that I felt could enchnace my housing scheme.

Figure 8 Axonomeric drawing of the scheme

Figure 9 With a range of dwelling types, the scheme facilitates a wide demographic.

Terrace housing Shared cohouisng facilities Apartments

Marmalade Lane Figure 6 Images of the Lane 62

New proposed scheme on Cruddas Park

Figure 7 The common house

I n c reas i n g t h e D em o g ra p hi c Ov er t h e Si t e Having a variety and flexible housing types will promote diversity within the site responding to our manifesto.

Fa mil y te r race house

Co h o usi ng b ed ro o m.

Tw o bedroom apart m ent

Sustainable Approach to Housing Modularity I was introduced to modualr design early on in the year through our thematic case study which explored the design of homogenous well developed modular unit apartments. The prinicpas of modular design informed the deisgn of my project, standardizing as many dimensions as possible, creating repetition accross the site. A standardised modular roof system was established as well as the repeated moduals of the terrace houses and structural walls for the apartments.

Work from ARC 3013 technical report, exploring moduals in my design

Case study- Sargfabrik

Group manifesto

Adaptibility and Flexiblity The structural choice of CLT for my project enables adaptabibily across the site. As CLT does not have to be glued but uses mechanical joints, it can be taken apart or adapted without demolition. This will increase the lifetime of the site as it can adapt and change to demand of particular housing types. This responds to our manifesto of creating flexible housing that can adapt and increase diversity of the site over time.

Work from ARC 3013, exploring adaptable floor plans

Work from ARC 3013, exploring the mechanical connections between CLT

Reuse and Recycle The podium as it stands, a large concrete mass embodies a lot of enegy. Therefore it was important to ensure that I used sustainbe and recycled materials and did not add to the embodied carbon. The patrts of the podium that are being demolished will be used as concrete aggregate for the ramps and stairs to allow circulation through the sloping site. The waste CLT cut outs will be used as wood chips for the biomass heater.I discovered a nearby apartment block in Walker that is set to be demolished. The bricks in my site will be reclaimed bricks from this apartment block which would have otherwise gone to the dump.

Work from ARC 3013, map showing the site set to be demolished. The bricks will be resued in my scheme

Work from ARC 3013, the resue of conrete as aggregate 68

Work from ARC 3013, the reuse of the CLT waste cut out recylced for the buimass heater

There are numerous protected fire cores across the site which are in line with the current regulations from Approved Document B

Re s pe ct in g t h e To w er The housing scheme on top of the podium has been designed to ensure the existing residents in tower are not compromised in areas such as their views and the daylight entering their apartments.

The challenge with sloping topogrophy is ensure access all across the site. I have in place a number of ramps and lifts that ensure everyone can enter and move accross the site. 70

Privac y in Ho u si ng Angled Balconies Creating a higher stander of living includes ensuring residents, whilst having spaces to interaction with on eanother also have privacy in within their space. The angled balconies provide view over the site and ensure privacy.

The angled perforated brick windows are providing a view towards the green space as well as ensuring privacy from the overlooking residents in the tower.It creates an interesting architecture features externally and internally creating a space that has a view with light.

Figure 9 Housing ForAll: New Frankfurt 2018, NL Architects and Studyo Architects

I was inspired by this scheme as it takes advantage of “its twosided qualities,” creating both private spaces with angled balconies but also having collective spaces through the site.

The Co nnected Schem e

Existing connection to the green space

Cultural Bibliography 76

‘The Form of Housing’ - Neave Brown, 1967

“Social Housing: Definitions and Design Exemplars” ,Abigail Batchelor and Paul Karakusevic, 2017

A critical text that considers the changing attitudes towards housing. Brown promotes the street typology of terrace housing, whilst criticsing the tower block typology.

I used this book to find inspiration discovering exemplar case studys of social hosuing schemes as well as finding out about the shifting definition of tenure.

“Functions (of social housing) seem to favour horizontal rather than vertical.”

“Life Between Buildings”, Jan Gehl ,1971

A text discussing the importance of designing urban public space with the desires of people as the guiding principal.This helped me better undertand how to design an effective used area on top of the podium that will generate more activity and interraction.

The Smithsons on Housing, 1970’s

T Dan Smith 1987- Clip from documentary

Building Sights- Trellick Tower, 1991

BBC film from the 1970’s showing Alison and Peter discussing their approach to housing and the seminal Robon Hood Gardens project.

Documentary about T Dan Smith, the leader of Newcastle city council.

The documentary reports on the Trellick Tower in London. The video challenges the negative stereotypes that the public has about living in a high-rise.

‘Two women with prams can stand and chat and the post man can still get by’ - designed for people. “Keeping the motorway away from the residential block to keep noise levels down, designing will be better once the council decides on where the roadways sit. “ -User centred deisgn

Smith’s primary goal was to redesign the city in order to adapt and prepare for the future , whereby the increasing population would be contained and given opportunities that avoided skilled workers living in the slums. He wanted the city to be relevant tomorrow, rather than “always running behind”

‘The tower block is a positive response to the city, to rise above the pollution and noise and free more of the available land for open space, for parks and pedestrians.’ Prompted me to look at high rise living with a more postive lense.

“The open space about the blocks still has the quality of a no-man’s-land, separating one type of environment from another.”

Thematic Case Studies An exhibition I attened primarly as research for my disseration on Women, Liberation and , The Kitchen, this gave me a useful insight into women and the home in the 19th century. The exhibition mainly explored the depiction of the interior as a ‘gilded cage’ where women are ornamental objects.It became relevant to my design project and made me aware of womens needs in th home when designing spaces.

During the year I designed a label for a distillary in Belfast that makes Vodka. Using an ipad I illustrated this digitally using procreate, responding to a breif given by the client. Having never done anything like this before or experimented with art digitally it gave me the foundations to start expressing my drawings digitally over hand drawings. It took some getting used to but was a very beneficial skill, especially during year as I did not have access to a scanner in my university accomodation to scan hand drawings.

A suburban housing scheme in Seebach, Zurihch designed by Sergison Bates.

A re-purpoed gallery located in Dunkirk, France, designed by Lacaton and Vassal.

A seminary designed by Gillespie,Kidd and Coia, located in Cardross, Scotland.

Residential building in Vienna, Austria. Designed by Sergison Bates

Residential scheme located in London, designed by Peter Salter

A collective housing scheme located in Mulhouse, France. Designed by Lacton and Vassal.

A multi-use building located in Wedding, Berlin. Designed by Brandlhuber+ Emde, Burlon and Muck Petzet Architekten.

Social housing scheme, Dawson Heights. Located in london, designed by Kate McIntosh

Bi bl i o graphy

L i s t o f Fi g u res

Akkesson, Bree, Victoria Burns, and Shawn-Renee Hordyk, “The Place Of Place In Social Work: Rethinking The Person-In-Environment Model In Social Work Education And Practice”, Journal Of Social Work Education, 53 (2017), 373.

Figure 1 -Google maps axonometric view of the site- https://www.google.com/maps/search/cruddas+park+/@54.9814272,-1.6004462,14z

Bkk-3.com. 2021. BKK-3 Architecture | SARGFABRIK. [online] Available at: <http://www.bkk-3.com/sargfabrik/> [Accessed 28 May 2021].

Figure 2 Google maps view of the Exisiting terrace typology surrounding the site-https://www.google.com/maps/search/cruddas+park+/@5 4.9814272,-1.6004462,14z

Brown, N., 1967. The Form of Housing. Architectural Design, 37(9), pp.432-433.

Figure 3 Images of the site in the 1950’s- https://newcastleareas.wordpress.com/cruddas-park/

Chronical LIVE. 2021. Coronavirus News. [online] Available at: <https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/coronavirus-newcastle-north-east-elswick-18131493> [Accessed 28 May 2021].

Figure 4 Google maps view showing existing terrace houses to the north of the site-https://www.google.com/maps/search/cruddas+park+/@5 4.9814272,-1.6004462,14z

designboom | architecture & design magazine. 2021. NL architects + studyo design affordable ‘terrace house’ complex. [online] Available at: <https://www. designboom.com/architecture/nl-architects-terrace-house-studyo-frankfurt-germany-04-22-2019/> [Accessed 28 May 2021].

Figure 5- View of existing site from the south from google-Google maps axonometric view of the site- https://www.google.com/maps/search/ cruddas+park+/@54.9814272,-1.6004462,14z

Drozd,Celine, Virginie Meunier, Nathalie Simonnot, and Gerard Hegron, “What Tools And Modes Of Representation To Reflect An Architectural Atmosphere?”, Conference On Architectural Visualisation, 2009,12.

Figure 6 Images of the Lane-[online] Available at: <https://marmaladelane.co.uk/> [Accessed 27 May 2021].

Gehl, J., 2011. Life between buildings. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Marmaladelane.co.uk. 2021. Marmalade Lane - Cambridge’s first cohousing community. [online] Available at: <https://marmaladelane.co.uk/> [Accessed 27 May 2021].

Figure 7 The common house -[online] Available at: <https://marmaladelane.co.uk/> [Accessed 27 May 2021]. Figure 8 Axonomeric drawing of the scheme-[online] Available at: <https://marmaladelane.co.uk/> [Accessed 27 May 2021]. Figure 9 Housing ForAll: New Frankfurt 2018, NL Architects and Studyo Architects - https://www.designboom.com/architecture/nl-architects-terrace-house-studyo-frankfurt-germany-04-22-2019/

Appendix 86

Explorin g S ocial Balcon i es

PRECEDENT: TOUR BOIS-LE-PETRE

The renovation of a tower block in Paris has amassed much praise for providing an aesthetic and cost efficient solution to the growing number of social housing projects from the 60s now in desperate need of reparation. Avoiding the building’s demolition, the architects chose to extend the floorplates outwards to increase the size of the apartments. New floors, built as a self-supporting structure, were added to the periphery of the existing building at every floor, using prefabricated modules erected like scaffolding so that the residents were not displaced during construction.

Drawing of Social balconies tested on Cruddas Park Tower

TOUR BOIS LE PETRE FLOOR PLAN

CRUDDAS PARK FLOOR PLAN The new exterior shell consists of large aluminium framed windows and glazed balconies that back onto floor-toceiling glazed conservatories. The results have allowed for an abundance of light in the flats and have provided the residents with the exceptional view of Paris all around.

Group work precedent- Tour Bois-Le- Petre

‘Social Balconies’ , Edwin Van Capelleveen

Explorin g S cis s or Flat s

Proposed layout of scissor flats for Cruddas Park Tower

Floor plan of tower block with sun path 90

Diagram demonstrating concept

Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation, Marseille

Prec e d e n t E x p l orati on

Access for non-tower residents

Retail/ Cafe

Communal Ofﬁces

Community space

Ofﬁces

Libary

Retail Food Hall/ Market

Roof top garden for residents Supermarket

Restaurant

Community Hub for Elderly

Children’s Daycare

Rooftop garden for child daycare

Newcastle Collage

Access for tower residents to garden

Lower Ground Floor

Access from daycare

First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

Third Floor plan

Floor plans from the testing review

De ve l op men t o f Flo o r Pla ns

Co l l a g es Fro m Ea r lier Pro po sa ls

Themeatic Ca se stu dy: S argfabrik

Edward Bousﬁeld

Aggie Barber

Authors own work of the thematic case study

Olivia Ewing

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