PORTFOLIO
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ARC3001 2019
CHARLIE BARRATT 170201694 2020
CONTENTS
REMEDIAL HOUSING FOR ARCHITECTS STAGE 3 NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY
ILLUSTRATED REFLECTIVE REPORT
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CHARRETTE
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PROJECT PRIMER
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PROJECT STAGING
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FIELD TRIP
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PROJECT REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY / LIST OF IMAGES
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APPENDIX
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Submissions for ARC3013, ARC3014, ARC3015 & ARC3060 have been uploaded as seperate documents. The Case Study Report is present in the appendix New work is highlighted with a small yellow square.
ILLUSTRATED REFLECTIVE REPORT
From the very beginning of the project through to realisation and synthesis, I have constantly reminded myself of the purpose of my project, what I aim to achieve and what I aim to solve. We are currently in a climate crisis, as well as being in a housing crisis. In order for these crises to be overcome, every architect must address them in every project, including this project. Therefore, I used these two crises as drivers behind my whole scheme. Aiming to create architecture which is sensitive to the environment on a global level, and also enhances local ecology. But also aiming to solve the local housing issues found at Cruddas Park by providing a higher standard of social housing which is flexible and user friendly. It is this flexibility which enables the stability and sustainability of the home – enabling them to serve the same family for generations if needed. Looking at the world today, we find ourselves at the centre of a global pandemic. Having focused on a high-rise apartment block for the entirety of this project, I am wellinformed of the consequences of lock down on the inhabitants of Cruddas Park. Aiming to dramatically increase the well-being of those living there in these unprecedented times, the improvements I have made such as providing private outdoor space for each resident ensures that this community is prepared for the future. In reality, at the time I made some of my design decisions I was unaware of the vast potential improvements they could someday make to the inhabitant’s lives, in the light of the current situation.
My site is deeply rooted in local and wider societal issues. As the project developed, I realised that the things I saw as constraints to my design were what made it important. The complex social issues surrounding Cruddas Park are what embedded realism throughout my project.
ILLUSTRATED REFLECTIVE REPORT
Private outdoor space Shared outdoor space
Visiting a newly built suburb in Primer brought to my attention that some new homes are further adding to nation-wide housing and social issues. Analysing the development, it was clear that the design was focused on maximising profit, rather than centring around key values. The issues with the existing architecture on the site at Cruddas park are what informed the changes I proposed. Starting with its physical context, being on a largely exposed site, there was no outside space I comfortably wanted to stay in when visiting. Therefore, when reconfiguring the ground floor plans, courtyard and street-like spaces where needed to create pleasant outdoor space, in order to lock harsh prevailing winds. The organisation of these spaces was then informed by the existing structural grid of columns. This in turn informed the physical form of the walls, which then informed the shape of the roof, as well as many other things. The process of design I’ve gone through was a constant case of one element leading to and informing the design of another, in a chain reaction, stemming from the existing rooted issues in the immediate and wider context. Although, not every design decision was concluded this way. Through the exploration
and research I undertook as a part of Theory Into Practice, and from visiting Lilac – a co-housing community of 20 eco-build homes in Leeds – I was able to increase the efficiency of my housing scheme. I was able to implement proven concepts within the high-rise. The introduction of shared spare rooms enabled the increase of density on site, and a more efficient use of space as there were less frequently unused bedrooms in the tower. I would say the research undertaken as a part of Theory Into Practice was instrumental to developing an improved housing strategy for the site. Of course, the wider context surrounding the site highly influences design. The existing building was poorly integrated with its surroundings, both physically, spatially and visually. Using the buildings form, and through improving connectivity with physical paths and sight lines I was able to more appropriately integrate it within its context. Though what I found most prominent in this project is the impact Cruddas Park has on its surroundings – Elswick and beyond. The tower is a local monument and is visible for miles. It was my Technology study which allowed me to explore in depth a way in which the monumentalism of the tower can be kept,
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whilst making needed improvements. Resolving a way to effectively insulate the tower whilst keeping existing structural concrete externally exposed was key to achieving material integrity and to retain its history. Whilst incorporating large planters capable of growing mature plants and small trees within the façade was fundamental for the tower to re-appeal to its neighbours in a naturalistic way.
modern day expectations and ideologies.
Though the issues and problems confronted in this project are specific to Cruddas Park, they are mirror across the country as highrise social housing built around the 1960 continue to fall behind and fail to reflect
My design ultimately aims to prolong the life of Cruddas Park and prevent eventual complete demolition. Avoiding total demolition of these type of towers is crucial when concerning the environment.
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Understanding how to make high rise social housing appealing in today society is instrumental in solving the current housing crisis. Disassociating years of negative stigma with these constructions does take substantial social change, though that social change can be instigated by architectural change and improvements.
CHARETTE
AN EMOTIONAL HIGH-STREET
THEMES: psychology, craft, somatisation, brand/marketing.
OUTPUT: large scale, interactive model. The inspiration for the Charrette came from an interdisciplinary approach to design and a fascination with the psychology behind human behaviour within
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space. As the high-street develops, shops are focusing on customer experience to reinforce brand identity that in turn facilitates online sales. This means the high street is no longer just about us spending money but making us feel things. We would like to re-imagine the traditional high-street as an emotional one borrowing the medical idea of somatisation - the physical manifestation of an emotional state.
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‘ATTACHED’ The small group I was working in was given the Apple as a store and brand to investigate. Having visited the store together and after researching individually we collectively agreed that the feeling we associate with the brand is ‘attached’. We chose this word as we all agreed we feel it towards the brand. We felt attached in the sense that we would never chose an alternative smart phone brand over apple, as we all currently have apple smart phones. Apple products are also designed to work best as part of a collection of apple products; this encourages customers to purchase more apple products to create synergy across their devices.
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FINAL INSTALLATION The final installation featured every groups model as part of our own re-imagined high-street. A high-street built around evoking emotion. The central street and street furniture was kept to a tamed colour pallet, to allow the store models to easily stand out and portray their chosen emotion or feeling. In mu opinion each model was successful in portraying the emotion that it set out to. My groups model, which was aiming to evoke feelings of attachment, featured an ordinary and simple looking shop front and facade with a geometric maze hidden inside. Customers were tied at the waist with elastic and attached to the back of the shop to prevent them from leaving or being able to escape from the brand. We aimed to create a store that was near enough impossible for people to leave once they enter; I think we successfully met this aim.
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PRIMER
The site for our primer study will be the We will seek to understand its genealogy peripheral suburban estate: Great Park, – how it had come into being, the lifestyles on the edge of Newcastle. that it accommodates, the aspirations that find their home there. In many ways, we could pick any suburb. We set out to unpack the domestic We were each given an element of suburb as a landscape of architectural the housing estate to expand a social, production. The historical, political, environmental and architectural narrative economic, cultural and architectural around. My element was bicycle racks. factors that play out in the most intricate fragments of the city can be understood Developing a studio manifesto through in the suburban context - these diffuse an investigation into our national housing landscapes of pattern- book houses, high crisis made me aware of the problem’s fences and private gardens provide a rich residents, developers and architects are site for investigation. facing.
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STUDIO MANIFESTO
GREAT PARK
Having visited the site and discussed its issues as a studio, together we wrote this manifesto. It consists of principles that we collectively aim to abide by and focus on for our own housing schemes throughout our design projects.
GREAT PARK
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GREAT PARK BICYCLE RACKS My given element to explore and investigate was cycle racks. I was shocked first by the absence of them from Great Park. There was also an absence of use. The racks stood bare. I explored the emptiness and spacial qualities of the element through a model.
BICYCLE RACK MODEL 013
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GREAT PARK BICYCLE RACKS ANALYSIS
After photographing the model, I surrounded it with its context. The location of the rack was instrumental to the feelings experienced when I visited it. It was surrounded by stark and plain brick walls. Bin stores opened up into the space and empty, boarded up shops lines one edge of the small paved square. I was the only person there.
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I concluded that this element was an afterthought within the design. In the modern day wider society is incredibly aware that we are in a current climate crisis. Therefore, green modes of transport such as cycling should be pushed to the front of designs, especially those of a new suburb. There was a missed opportunity to promote a more environmentally sensitive way of
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travelling. I inhabited the model in the way in which it should be used, as it currently is not. The entire estate is focused around the car, which in my opinion is incredibly backwards looking. I also went on to explore how better integrated cycle racks should be.
GREAT PARK BICYCLE ROUTES/RACKS MAPPING
GREAT PARK TO CITY CENTRE BIKE ROUTES
Great Park
Researched route using minor roads and paths
Bike route suggested by Google.
Existing bike racks Proposed bike racks Existing bike routes Proposed bike routes Newcastle City Council published in an official document that it “aims to develop a cycling culture where 20% of all trips under five miles are undertaken by cycle by 2021.” Therefore I modelled this scenario using the map above. Great Park has approximately
2000 car parking spaces, and a total of 4800 planned by 2034. So according to the councils plans, there should be approximately 400 (20%) places to park/keep a bike. Taking into account private garages, I have mapped the number of shared access bike
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City Centre
storage units that are needed and placed them close to houses without their own adequate bicycle storage space. I’ve done the same calculation for bike routes/lanes throughout Great Park and illustrated the extra routes needed in the mapping above.
Bike lane Main road Residential road
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PROTEST SIGNS - BASED ON OUR STUDIO MANIFESTO We translated our manifesto into protest signs and marched to the civic centre in Newcastle. Aiming to highlight all the issues with new housing. These also formed a main part of our exhibition.
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EXHIBITION
EXHIBITION
There were several parts to our exhibition. Centre stage was our short movie. It consisted of footage from our protest between videos taken at Cruddas Park, highlighting the issues written across our signs.
Each of our individual elements which we modelled from Great Park hung from the ceiling, suspended over a site model highlighting the improvements we would make to the neighbourhood to address the issues we found.
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STAGING
Staging was a chance to focus on establishing central themes and values from the studio manifesto which I wanted to reflect throughout my design process.
the community despite its present desolation. It was at this stage of the project that it became clear Cruddas Park is a monument which celebrates a moment of significant change in social Understanding the site, its context and housing, not only in Elswick but nationally. social issues was key to developing design ideas. Recognising its current I wanted to build upon the vision and despair but also its local significance was values which exist at Cruddas Park when motivating. examined closely and overcome the buildings current stigma through flexible, It was clearly apparent that the building social and environmentally sensitive and its history are deeply rooted within designs.
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SITE This area has many deep-rooted social issues, but they mostly feed into wider issues concerning housing, community and the environment that are experienced at national and global levels. The tower is a local monument which symbolises a moment. A significant moment of redevelopment, not only Elswick, but across housing in the UK in the 60’s.
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MONUMENTAL
CLOSED, EMPTY & UNUSED In recent years Cruddas Park has become a burden to the council. The photos I’m showing you here illustrate the emptiness I felt when visiting the shopping centre. Most of the commercial units are empty or have recently closed, including the community centre. So, I intend to bring life back into this space though my designs and proposals.
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RESEARCH, NEWS & BACKGROUND
ELSWICK Elswick sits just East of Newcastle City Centre. The area has seen vast amounts of demolition in its time. In the 1960’s the widespread clearance of ‘slums’ began. Making way for T Dan Smiths vision of a ‘city in the sky’. Though in 2012 the area saw more mass demolition as five of the eleven high-rise towers were torn down. Each demolition dispersed deeply entrenched communities.
(Morton, 2016)
(Cruddas Park - Riverside Dene Flats Demolition, 2013)
(Cruddas Park flats could be demolished, 2013)
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Cruddas Park:
THE LOCALITY OF SERVICES WITHIN A 10 MINUTE WALKING RADIUS
Analysing the wider context of the site I began to think about the programme. Noting that the city centre and metro centre are relatively close, Cruddas park may not be the ideal place for new retail, bars and restaurants.
The Locality of Services Within a 10 Minute Walking Radius
= 10 Minute Walking Radius
1. McColl’s Convenience Store
7. Small Convenience Store
23. Eagles Community Arena
8. St Michael’s Church
8. St Michael’s Primary School
33. Audi Car Dealership All images on this page: (Google Maps, 2020)
1. Convenience Store = McColl’s Site (Cruddas Park) 2. Cruddas Park Post Office 3.sOasis cafe 1. McColl’ Convenience Store 4. Boots 2. Cruddas Park pharmacy Post Office William 3. Oasis5.cafe (nowHill closed) Gezena Cafe 4. Boots6.pharmacy 5. William Hill (now closed) 7. Convenience Store 6. Gezena Cafe (now closed) 8. St Michael’s Church 7. Small9. Convenience St Michael’sStore Primary School 8. St Michael’s Church 10. Seventh Day Adventist Church 9. St Michael’s Primary School 11. Cruddas Park Early Years Centre 10. Seventh Day Adventist Church 12. Elswick ParkYears Centre 11. Cruddas Park Early 13. Elswick 12. Elswick Park Pool 14. PC Fix North East 13. Elswick Pool 15.North CentreEast West Community Centre 14. PC Fix 15. Centre West Community Centre 16. Cruddas Park Surgery 16. Cruddas Park Surgery 17. The Metropolitan Bar 17. The 18. Metropolitan Bar Central Hall Gospel Church 18. Central Hall Gospel ChurchSchool 19. Hawthorn Primary 19. Hawthorn Primary School 20. Ashfield Nursery School 20. Ashfield Nursery School West EndClub Youth Club 21. West21. End Youth 22. MA Brothers Supermarket 22. MA Brothers Supermarket 23.Community Eagles Community 23. Eagles Arena Arena 24. SEAT car dealership 24. SEAT car dealership 25. Ford25. carFord dealership car dealership 26. Mechanics car garage 26. Mechanics car garage 27. Orthotic Medical ServicesServices 27. Orthotic Medical 28. Howdens KitchensKitchens 28. Howdens 29. Tool Station 29. Tool Station 30. Greggs 30. Greggs 31. Car Wash Car Wash 32. Gym31. Elite Elite 33. Audi32. carGym dealership 33. AudiPharmacy car dealership 34. Whitworth 35. Newcastle Central Pharmacy Mosque 34. Whitworth 36. Pakistan Islamic Centre 35. Newcastle Central Mosque 37. Eemaan Restaurant 36. Pakistan Islamic Centre 38. Fish37. & Chip ShopRestaurant Eemaan 39. Silver Dragon Chinese Takeaway 38. Fish & Chip Shop 40. NCG Educational Institution 39. Silver Dragon Chinese Takeaway 41. Redhill Castle Nursery School 40. NCG Educational Institution 42. Life Transformation Church 41. Redhill Castle Nursery 43. Computer Repair Service 42. LifeCollege Transformation 44. Newcastle CampusChurch 45. Wedding Dress Outlet Store 43. Computer Repair Service 44. Newcastle College 45. Wedding Dress Outlet Store
= 10 Minute Walking Radius
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= Site (Cruddas Park)
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SOFTENING THE EXISTING & SETTLING IT INTO THE LANDSCAPE
Inspired by the naturally sloped and hilly edges of the site to reach further into its site, I experimented with creating a new context and interact with the community form for the podium which reflected its context. The current West and South elevations of Cruddas Park are below, they show the Utilising a huge existing car park as a site buildings harshness and sharpness which for a new tower was evident in protecting contrasts with the sites topography. the existing local ecology. Both new podium structures will have Putting the car park in the basement of a green roofs which slope down towards new construction enables an increase in the centre of the site, setlling themselves site density without comprimising green and the towers whoch extrude from them space. comfortably into the hill. I wanted to create a new ground floor spatial arrangement which touched the
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1-MINUTE DRAWING EXERCISE: USED TO EXPLORE IDEAS QUICKLY
EARLY CONCEPT SKETCHES
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CURRENT ECOLOGICALLY/ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL GREEN SPACE
PLANNED ECOLOGICALLY/ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL GREEN SPACE
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GROUP SITE MODEL
ECOLOGY CONCEPT
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POLLE
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BIRDS
BIRD HOUSES
BATS
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BAT BOX
S E E DS
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BEE BOX POL LEN
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S ED E S
IMPROVING ECOLOGY ON THE SITE
Guelder Rose
Common Knapweed
Honeysuckle
Buddleja
Lavender
Red Valerian
hawthorne
Bullace
Holly
Rowan
Abelia
Mahonia
Bird Cherry
Ornamental Thistle
Verbena
Crabapple
Holly, Hawthorn, Honeysuckle, Rowan and Ornamental Thistles are some of the most beneficial species of plants, bushes and trees which benefit birds. Planting each of these species ensures that there are berries to feed on all year round, as well as adequate shelter for nesting. Lavender, Crabapple, Abelia and Mahonia plant and shrubs provide food for both bumblebees and honeybees in every season. This will help local bee numbers thrive. Buddleja, Red Valerian, Verbena and Common Knapweed will encourage a diversifying boost in butterfly and moth numbers. Increasing general biodiversity in the local area. Guelder Rose, Bird Cherry, Bullace and Crabapple trees and plants will be planted on site to increase habitats for squirrels, enabling their local numbers to increase. (Gardeners World, 2020)
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INITIAL MASSING IDEA
DEVELOPED MASSING IDEA
Inspired by the curves of the slopes on the site, my massing features dramatic curved walls at ground level. I would be replacing the existing podium which surrounds the existing tower, as well as building a new tower and podium further down the slope. This new tower will be built on a huge existing car park, which I will re-situate underground. The two podium structures will have green roofs which slope down to ground level enabling them to be used as public spaces.
Examining the site further I made the decision to form the buildings on top of the existing foundations and existing car park, meaning they will take a more rectangular form. Analysing the gradient of the site I realised the direction of the slope of the roof in my initial design was not viable, and needed changing. I am instead now using the shape of the roof to mirror the hills of the site.
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Proposed Design
Residential
Retail, Amenities & Services
Community
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APARTMENT TYPE CONCEPT
APARTMENT FLEXIBILITY CONCEPT
In order to integrate a range of demographics I aim to have a range of apartment typologies ranging from one to four bedrooms, all intertwined amongst each other in plan and section. With a mixture of single story and two-story apartments.
As we are in a current housing crisis and climate crisis, I want to find a way to address them both with one concept. Instead of focusing entirely on renewable and sustainable energy and materials, I want to design for longevity, which means designing flexibly and this leads to sustainability. Below are a set of diagrams illustrating how a range of spaces can be easily created with minor changes, by positioning a two bedroom and 4 bedroom apartment next to each other. The drawings show the upper level of the two-story apartments. They can become two three bedroom apartments, or bedrooms can become living spaces. Even a one bedroom annex with its own entrance is possible.
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FIELD TRIP
Reflecting on the trip, I have realised the many similarities that exist between the buildings I visited in Vienna and Cruddas Park. Though, the city’s overall approach to municipal or publicly subsidised housing was starkly contrasting with that of the UK.
prevailing. Meaning the reality may be that what is evident in Vienna may not be achievable or applicable in the UK.
Visiting and researching the abundant amount of extremely wide-ranging social housing was truly inspiring. It showed the full capabilities of what is achievable withAlthough the Viennese approach to so- out architectural boundaries. As in the cial housing was extremely impressive, UK, quality architecture is not deemed as the societal views and stubborn stigma being prevalent in social housing. surrounding social housing in the UK is
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SOCIAL HOUSING IN VIENNA
SPITTELAU
“Two-thirds of Viennese citizens live in municipal or publicly subsidised housing. Eight out of ten flats built in the city today are financed by Vienna’s housing subsidy scheme” (Fitzpatrick, 2017). It was inspiring to experience Vienna’s approach to social housing, contrasting greatly with the UK approach.
Spittelau Viaduct Housing Project by Zaha Hadid Architects was the building that I studied for the case study report. The full case study report is present in the appendix where my individual work is highlighted.
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REJECTED Interestingly there are comparisons to be made between Spittelau and Cruddas Park. Both have sharp edges which conflict with the naturistic context in which they sit. Both are experiencing a sense of rejection from the community and face similar social issues.
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WOHNPARK ALTERLAA I found visiting this building incredibly inspiring. It shares the same monumental presence as Cruddas Park and similarly sits within a tree-filled green context. My goal is to mirror what has been achieved here at Cruddas Park, aiming to extend the naturistic context up the side of the tower.
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REALISATION & SYNTHESIS I found it important to revisit my and roots throughout the surrounding concentrated values from primer to community. ensure my design process remains continually focused. Dealing with a building which is very much a large part of Elswick’s identity, I found it Since the site is so vast, it was important important not to cover the building and to focus in on a more manageable part of make it unrecognisable. But instead strip it: the podium and tower itself including back its façade, exposing its structure their immediate context. and working within its boundaries.
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I chose to focus on this part of the site, rather than a new build elsewhere as I thought it was important to address the sites issues rather than build alongside them or hide them.
Its undeniable that the site, its history and the public opinion of it are extremely complex. This resulted in an extremely complex design project, though it may not be so obvious at first glance.
Through the exploration of materials, considering the surrounding street layout and revisiting and re-analysing the site, I developed a new form for the ground level. Aiming to deepen its reach
A turning point during this project was learning to see the physical and societal restrictions and boundaries of the site as inspiration and heritage, which is to be embraced and not concealed.
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REVISITING CORE VALUES
FOCUSING MY ATTENTION ON SITE
These are protest signs from our primer project which were created from the studio manifesto points. These are the ones which I have chosen to focus on and address within my design. Obviously, I’m aware that we are currently in a housing crisis and currently in a climate crisis. So, each aspect of my design throughout will aim to address these two main issues.
The dotted line shows the rough wider site outline and the yellow box highlights the tower and podium itself, which I am focusing on for the project. The existing tower and shopping centre are at the heart of the local social issues. Regenerating this area, rather than building new constructions on the green space will have the biggest impact on addressing local issues, as well as preserving green areas.
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1-MINUTE DRAWING EXERCISE: USED TO EXPLORE IDEAS QUICKLY
BREAKING UP THE MASS The existing podium poses a hug physcial and visual barrier. Using the surrounding street layouts and circulation routes I began to experiment with ways the large existing mass can be broken up and made more porous.
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USING EXISTING STRUCTURE TO DETERMINE A NEW FORM
MASSING
Using the existing column structure I reconfigured the ground floor. Using its form to lock strong prevailing winds as the site is very exposed in order to create street like circulation spaces. It also allows for the site to be better connected with the surrounding context.
The surrounding green areas will be landscaped in order to create level access. Enabling new footpaths to improve wider pedestrian circulation. Physical and visual barriers have been removed to make the site more porous. Constructing a new tower in this location enables an increase in site density without compromising green space.
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ROOF SHAPE EXPLORATION (CAD)
ROOF SHAPE EXPLORATION (CLAY)
Aiming to soften the buildings edges and connect it better with the site and its green surroundings I experimented with the curved form of the roof. Reflecting the sloping site, the roof will fall down to ground level in order to ground the podium and tower.
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THINKING THROUGH MAKING - MATERIAL EXPLORATION
THINKING THROUGH MAKING - MATERIAL EXPLORATION
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GROUND FLOOR STRATEGY + CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Although I am aiming to retain as much existing structure to support my new designs there will have to be significant demolition in some areas. As much demolished concrete will be re-purposed on site as possible in order to create gable walls as part of the new landscaping strategy.
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MACALLAN DISTILLERY - RODGERS STIRK HARBOUR + PARTNERS
HOTCHKISS SCHOOL BIOMASS PLANT - CENTERBROOK ARCHITECTS
Aiming to use as much timber to create new structure as possible, I looked for precedents with curved glue-lam frame green roofs. Contrasting with these two examples I will be using existing concrete columns rather than steel to support the roof.
The green roof I intend to construct will be a more intensive green roof, able to allow more mature flowers, grasses and bushes to grow. Bearing a bigger ecological impact.
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(Block, 2018)
(ArchDaily, 2012)
(Block, 2018)
(ArchDaily, 2012)
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ECOLOGY DIAGRAM
& LOCAL ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
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Holly, Hawthorn, Honeysuckle, Rowan and Ornamental Thistles are some of the most beneficial species of plants, bushes and trees which benefit birds. Planting each of these species ensures that there are berries to feed on all year round, as well as adequate shelter for nesting.
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Buddleja, Red Valerian, Verbena and Common Knapweed will encourage a diversifying boost in butterfly and moth numbers. Increasing general biodiversity in the local area.
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BIRDS
BIRD HOUSES
BATS
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BAT BOX
S E E DS
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F ER
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S LIE
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BEE BOX POL LEN
Guelder Rose, Bird Cherry, Bullace and Crabapple trees and plants will be planted on site to increase habitats for squirrels, enabling their local numbers to increase.
Lavender, Crabapple, Abelia and Mahonia plant and shrubs provide food for both bumblebees and honeybees in every season. This will help local bee numbers thrive.
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VERTICAL FOREST - MILAN - STEFANO BOERI ARCHITETTI
GREEN ROOF & BALCONY PLANTER DETAIL SECTION SCALE 1:20 SCALE 1:20 As well as the green roof, deep planters will contain mature bushes and small trees to further improve EXTERIOR CONSTRUCTION the localWALL environment. Taking inspiration from the Vertical forests in350Milan, have timber researched x 1000mmI vertical cladding into a components handful of plants which specifically Horizontal timber withindrainage gap of support local battens wildlife this part between the country.
0m 0m
1m 1m
2m 2m
Vertical timber battens
These planters give every resident Waterproof breather membrane the oppertunity to grow and Rigid insulation maintain a mature 18mm plywood sheathing garden, without the need to insystem a house a Metsec steel infilllive walling (shownwith in large garden. axonometric view above) with insulation between components. Large sliding doors also
supported by thisformed secondarypart structure. This drawing of my technology Vapour barrier submission* Service cavity wall system
Scale: 1:20 12.5mm plasterboard lining with skim coat and painted finish.
(Stefano Boeri Architetti, 2014)
(Stefano Boeri Architetti, 2014)
ROOF CONSTRUCTION
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300mm light substrate with intensive vegetation
TWO-STORY FLAT TYPE DEVELOPMENT
TWO-STORY FLAT TYPE DEVELOPMENT
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APARTMENT LAYOUT + ORGANISATION
Taking inspiration from the Unité d’ Habitation I developed the two story and double aspect apartment typology that wraps around an existing corridor. Looking into a three-bed apartment from its upper floor, you can see the double height entrance hall designed to bring light into the centre of the building. A glass door through to the living space on the lower floor allows views straight through to the outside when entering the apartment
GROUND FLOOR CONSTRUCTION Floor finish 50mm sand cement screed with underfloor heating 125mm rigid thermal insulation 600mm existing reinforced concrete slab
A window over looking the entrance hall from the upper level also brings light down into the space and reaches through to the landing. The apartments are double aspect in order to provide natural ventilation and direct sunlight throughout the day. The doule height entrance hall and open living space provides a circulation space to pull air through the apartment through natural ventilation. Unité d’ Habitation
The drawing on this page illustrates the thermal lines of the individual aparments. Each is insulated as a seperate entity in order to expose the concrete on the exterior of the building whilst minimising cold bridging. This complex thermal strategy was developed through my technology report.
My Proposal for Cruddas Park
SECTION LINE
BAS
Intern chang same
The drawing on this page formed part of my technology submission* Not to origional scale. SCALE 1:20
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1m
2m
5m
1:20 at A0
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THREE-BED APARTMENT SECTION + ELEVATION
THREE-BED APARTMENT SECTION + ELEVATION
Origionally at 1:50 scale, this section shows the spacial layout of a three-bed apartment, as well as how it is organised around a central corridor and seperate 1 bedroom apartment. You can see how the three-bed apartment wraps over the central corridor and one bedroom apartment situated on the bottom right of the drawing. Not to origional scale.
The yellow dashed lines show demolished walls and floors. These demolitions took place to create inset sheltered balconies and a central double height entrance hall in order to improve natural lighting and air circulation. A glass door on the ground floor allow sightlines from the front door to the outside as well as briging natural light deeper into the building.
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ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH FLEXIBILITY
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH FLEXIBILITY
Creating a studio apartment
3 Bedroom two-story apartment
Remaining constantly aware that we are in a current housing crisis and current climate crisis, I wanted to find a way to address both these issues with one concept. Instead of focusing entirely on renewable and sustainable energy and materials, I wanted to
Load bearing walls
design for longevity, which means designing flexibly and ultimately leads to sustainability. Something echoed by our primer project and reflected throughout my design process. If we look into the two-story apartments
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that I have designed within the existing structure, none of the internal walls within the apartments are load bearing. This means the entire space can be totally reconfigured over time to adjust to people’s changing and evolving needs.
Joining door to one bedroom apartment
Smaller one-bedroom apartments sit between the two-story apartments (top left of the page) in order to create a pattern across the façade and integrate different demographics. But this also means if you have an older less able parent
perhaps and are moving into the tower, the dividing wall can be knocked through to create a doorway or open plan space. Or if you have a child who will be dependent on you for life for a variety of reasons,
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the downstairs can be turned into a studio apartment with its own entrance (diagram on the right above). And upstairs can be adapted to house a new kitchen and living space. This flexibility means that these can be lifelong family homes.
EXISTING CONCRETE FRAME + VERTICAL SERVICE DISTRIBUTION
USING COMMUNAL AMENITIES TO INCREASE SOCIAL INTERACTION
Moving on to the distribution of communal amenities throughout the block, there will be a shared laundry facility, a mail room and a workshop/tool store within the tower. These are traditionally located at the base of apartment buildings. However, by dispersing these around the tower it increases the probability of people
crossing paths. Encouraging more interaction and hopefully forming community. The allotments on site will also allow the residents to for bonds with wider society. I have actually increased the number of one-bedroom flats in the tower. Made possible by introducing shared spare rooms, as seen at Lilac, a co-housing
The distribution of services vertically allows these adjustments to be made easily through the use of wet corners within the vertically stacked apartments. Meaning kitchens and or bathrooms can be easily added as per the previous examples.
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community in Leeds. Allowing residents to be comfortable with a one bedroom flat, knowing they still have space for guests to stay. Meaning there are less wasted spare rooms in individual apartments allowing for a more efficient use of space overall.
FACADE MODULARITY EXPLORATION
REPETITIVE MODULAR FACADE STUDY + DEMOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION THROUGH FLEXIBILITY
The outer walls of the apartments are not load bearing, they are made up of modular secondary steel frames with large sliding doors and timber cladding. This allows for efficiency in construction and is sensitive to the environment.
I found it important to make the building readable from the outside. Making each boundary between apartments visible on the exterior and expressing the two story apartment typology. Forming a grid which splits the overpowering tower into manageable small parts.
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SHADOW STUDIES & BREAKDOWN OF FACADE GRID
EXTERNAL FINISHES
Visually splitting the facade into apartment sized sections enables the tower to be easily viewed at a more human scale. It also mimics the feeling of a front garden and allows the residents to apply their own identity to their outdoor area. Upstairs of two-story apartment
Two-story apartment
Single-story onebedroom apartment
Single-story onebedroom apartment
Shadow study from technology submission
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Two-story apartment
Exposed original concrete structure.
Timber vertical louvres to shade workspace from East or West low angle sunlight
Upstairs of two-story apartment
Timber clad planters
Large floor to ceiling sliding glazing
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GROUND LEVEL FLEXIBILITY THROUGH MODULARITY
At ground level, the outer walls are not load bearing as the roof is supported enirely by the existing concrete columns, this allows the flexibility demonstrated in the apartments above to be mirrored at ground level through the use of modular wall sections. There will be three types of modular panel: glazed panels, door panels, and wall panels. This enables the occupier of the unit to configure its facade to their individual need, choosing where the entrances and opening are. Each panel is 2.7m wide and 3m tall, meaning they fit on the back of a lorry. Having these interchangeable panels means that if the needs of the commercial unit change, or if its function changes all together, the facade can adapt and be tailored to new functions. Panels may also be swapped with other units around the site resulting in endless configurations. This should extend the life of this building, reducing the need to make structural changes and prevent eventual demolition. Reinforcing the project wide sensitivity towards the environment on local and global levels.
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OVERALL SITE STRATEGY This is my proposed site-wide design. The tower to the left is the existing tower which I am redeveloping. This and the podium have been my focus for this project. With a second tower to the right planned as a later phase of the project to increase the sites density. Partly demolishing the podium enabled me to reconfigure the space. Changing the main circulation at ground level from internal to external. Creating sheltered street like spaces to walk through and dwell in whilst using the form to block prevailing winds. The immediate green space had been landscaped in order to raise the ground up one story in places along the East, South and West edge of the building. This enables level access improving local circulation.
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GROUND FLOOR PLAN B
The Newcastle College Adult Learning campus, Grocery store, Library and Boots store all previously existed in the site and have been rehoused within my design. The cafe’s, community centre and dry cleaners also previously existed in the shopping centre but were sadly permanently closed. My design will reinstate these spaces to provide for the local community.
College Campus
Grocery Store
The re-fill store and garden centre are amenities I noticed were absent in the surrounding area. This garden centre will also play a crucial role in supporting and supplying the community with plants and supplies for their planters and allotments.
Boots Tower Entrance, Basement access & Bike Store
On the east and west edges of the building sunken ramps provide vehicle access to the basement car parking.
Library & Learning Centre
Drawings not to origional scale. Present at full scale in the appendix.
Tower Entrance, Basement access & Bike Store Re-fill Store A
Garden Centre Dry Cleaners
A
Tower Entrance, Basement access & Bike Store Community Centre
Cafe
Cafe
Modular wall sections Retained Structure
This inhabited drawing illustrates the frequent community market.
Demolished Structure
B
Vehicle Access
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BASEMENT PLAN
SECTION AA
The basement plan below houses the existing biomass plant which was installed by the council in 2012. The rest of the basement provides parking.
This section is drawn in three stages to illustrate original and new elements within my design.
Drawings not to origional scale. Present at full scale in the appendix.
SECTION AA
OLD/EXISTING
SECTION AA
REMAINING STRUCTURE AFTER DEMOLITION
SECTION AA
MY PROPOSAL
It is important to point out that this section does not include intermediate floors within two story apartments. Showing only the walls and floors between separate apartments to make the configuration of the tower clear. This series of drawings illustrates how I have used the existing concrete columns to support a new roof.
Biomass Plant
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SECTION AA Cutting through the car park access makes it possible to show the different levels at which the site is approached. The landscaping brings pedestrians up slightly from the road along the East and West edges to meet the podium at ground level. Existing structure is hatched. Not to origional scale. Origional scale: 1:200. Drawing is available to scale in the appendix.
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This perspective is looking down from westmorland Road which runs along the north edge of the site. The roof falls to ground level in places leaving parts of the north faรงade open to the treet. Connecting the building better to its landscape and surrounding community compared with the previously stark inward facing faรงade.
EXISTING
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Still looking down from Westmorland road, you can see how I have made the site more porous and better connect with the surrounding community. I have created sight lines through the site to the green space on the other side. Compared to its previously uninviting and plain frontage into the street.
EXISTING
Looking now from the south up the site towards Westmorland road you can see the proposed street like circulation space which creates sheltered outdoor spaces which are not currently apparent on site. You can also see where Westmoland Road forms a hill midway along the site edge, requiring steps and ramps down onto the site.
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Opening up the site in this way spacially and visually connects Westmorland Road and the terracse on the other side of it with the green space to the south.
EXISTING
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SECTION & ELEVATION BB SECTION & ELEVATION BB
SECTION & ELEVATION BB
This section & elevation shows the journey grown fruit/veg/plants grown in their through the site from Westmorland on allotments or planters. the right down to the green space. The horizontal strips of timer cladding The newly formed padestrian street reference the previous horizontal pattern connects the two green spaces to thr across the facade. North and to the South. The mature greenary to the south, but The roof serves as a semi-private garden also to the north, has been extened up shared between the residents of the the sdies and over the top of the tower. tower. This space along with balconies Firmly rooting it in its context and provides the residents with private/ breaking up the regulated and organied semi primate outdoor space to relax and facade pattern, causing moments of socialise in. These spaces are important iregularity and individuality. when concerning the mental welfare of the residents, as social housing rarely has You can clearly see where the green adequate private outside space. space has been landscaped to create level access at the south edge. This inhabitation of the outside space illustrates the frequently held community Not to origional scale. Origional scale: market. Where the commercial units and 1:200. Drawing is available at full scale in residents can sell produce such as home the appendix.
EXISTING
Previous site level
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TOWER PLANS
OLD FLOOR PLAN
APARTMENT ENTRANCE LEVEL
Comparing the old plans with my new design it is clear that I have worked within the existing structure. Reducing the need for mass demolition or heavy duty re configuration.
The set of two plans on the facing page corridor. This in addition to glass fire doors are repeated alternately up the tower as at either end of the corridor should improve apartments are two-story. As per the spatial natural lighting conditions. diagram below. The existing communal lifts and stair have The corridor has not been changed, other not been changed. The origional retained concrete walls are than relocating door openings. This is hatched. because it acts as a structural core within Spare rooms are located on every other floor the tower and would be costly to dramatically (every apartment entrance level). These are The exterior walls were precast concrete change. shared by the residents of that floor. panel and not structural. This means they could easily be removed in order to push the Large windows have been added to the Plans are not to origional scale. Origional facade acl and form balconies. north and south side in line with the central scale: 1:200. Plans are available at full scale in the appendix.
Spare room Spare room
Existing walls are hatched
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FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT LEVEL
TWO-STORY APARTMENT PLAN
ACCESSIBLE APARTMENT PLAN
The double height entrance hall is central to this design. It enables light into the centre of the plan and aids natural ventilation. The landing, upstairs living space and office/third bedroom overlook the double height hall. Making the apartments dual aspect is incredibbly important as the balconies are East/West facing, which means the apartment will now recieve direct sunlight all day rather than only in the morning or evening.
Accessible apartments are located on the south end of the tower on every other floor. These apartments have wider doorways, larger bathrooms, larger balconies and adequate storage for wheelchairs or other aiding apparatus. They are situated next to the lifts, as the existing corridors are not wide enough for turning circles. Plans are not to origional scale. Origional scale: 1:50.
1:50
Wheelchair turning space
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INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE - DOWNSTAIRS LIVING AREA
INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE - UPSTAIRS OFFICE SPACE
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INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE - UPSTAIRS LIVING SPACE OVERLOOKING DOUBLE HEIGHT ENTRANCE HALL
INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE - UPSTAIRS LIVING SPACE & OFFICE OVERLOOKING DOUBLE HEIGHT ENTRANCE HALL
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REFLECTION ON CURRENT CONTEXT
ADDRESSING LOCKDOWN ISSUES Being aware of the consequences of the current pandemic upon high-rise residents, I wanted to address how my design is prepared for these circumstances for the future. Outdoor space is more important than ever before, especially private outdoor space, as we live life in lockdown. That’s why every apartment has it own private balcony, as well as access to semi-private roof gardens.
“I wish we had a communal garden “
“It’s hard not having any areas to sit outside in.”
John Vainola has lived alone for more than 20 years But recently he said he has been struggling to cope, as social distancing leave him stuck on his own inside a two-bed flat. The 66-year-old said: “Living here during lockdown is terrible, there’s not a lot that you can do. We only have one lift working and people are having to wait a long time for it. It’s been like that for over a month - it’s just horrendous.”
“It’s hard not having any areas to sit outside in. I wish we had a communal garden because we can’t do anything we are just stuck in these four walls. I can’t visit my friends or go to a garden to talk to my neighbours.”
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CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
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VISITING LILAC
HABITATIONS LÉGÈREMENT MODIFIÉES [FILM]
Lilac (which stands for ‘Low Impact Living Affordable Community’) is a co-housing community of 20 eco-build households in West Leeds. Lilac promotes co-living and interaction between residents by scattering shared facilities around their site. There is also a focus on the environment sensitivity and ecology.
This film, origionally in French with English subtitles, is a feature length documentary showing the refurbishment of the Bois le Prêtre tower in Paris. Told through the voices of those who inhabit the building, this film demonstrates how rejecting the traditional approach of demolition and rebuild can lead to great results that not only produce improved social conditions but offer significant cost savings.
Watch the trailer at: https://vimeo.com/69452385
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VISITING CITU
CLAY WORKSHOP
CITU Design and build eco homes using modular CLT panels. Citu Homes have a mechanical ventilation heat recovery (MVHR) system to heat the homes in winter and passive cooling to keep temperatures low in the summer. I visited their current development in Leeds city centre.
In this workshop I experimented with the forms capable of being made with clay, as well as testing how glass can be added to it. I was able to play with the capabilities of the material and create nature-like curves which ultimately informed the shape of my design.
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WOOD BENDING WORKSHOP
CARD WORKSHOP
In this workshop I learned the method of layering thin layers of wood to make free-formed curves. Aiming to build skills I could go on to explore and use in model making throughout the projects.
This workshop showcased the many different effects and finishes you can apply to cardboard models. It also highlighted the importance of sustainable model making and the use of recycled or re-purposed materials.
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BAMBOO WORKSHOP
BIBLIOGRAPHY
This workshop enabled me to experiment with the concept of curved timber frames and explore the complexity of them. This is a piece of group work used to discover the materials capabilities and resilience. ArchDaily. 2012. Hotchkiss Biomass Power Plant / Centerbrook Architects & Planners. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily. com/340641/hotchkiss-biomass-power-plant-centerbrook-architects-and-planners> [Accessed 11 March 2020]. Barros, Paula, Leandro M.T. Garcia, and Anne Dorothée Slovic, “Social Consequences And Mental Health Outcomes Of Living In High-Rise Residential Buildings And The Influence Of Planning, Urban Design And Architectural Decisions: A Systematic Review”, Cities, 93 (2019), 263 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.05.015> Block, I., 2018. Wildflower Roof Covers Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners’ Scottish Distillery. [online] Dezeen. Available at: <https://www.dezeen. com/2018/05/22/rogers-stirk-habour-partners-architecture-macallan-distillery-scotland/> [Accessed 10 February 2020]. Boughton, J., 2018. Municipal Dreams: The Rise And Fall Of Council Housing. London: Verso Books. Branson, Adam, 2019. Has the modular future arrived? A rcent slew of major modular housing projects together with new political initiatives could finally signal the dawn of a low-carbon, off-site building revolutiojaon. The Architects’ journal., 246(13), pp.8–10. Broto, C., 2014. Social Housing: Architecture And Design. Barcelona: LinksBooks. Bulkeley, P., 2018. Let’s solve the real housing crisis : the short design lives of new builds combined with a lack of love for post-war homes will see the housing shortage becoming far, far worse. RIBA journal, 125(6), pp.87-88. Chatterton, Paul, Low Impact Living: A Field Guide To Ecological, Affordable Community Building (London: Routledge, 2014), p. 124 Downer, Susan, “Lilac Co-Housing: How They Did It - Newstart”, Newstart, 2020 <https://newstartmag.co.uk/articles/lilac-co-housing-howthey-did-it/> [Accessed 16 February 2020] Farida, Naceur, “Effects Of Outdoor Shared Spaces On Social Interaction In A Housing Estate In Algeria”, Frontiers Of Architectural Research, 2 (2013), 458 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2013.09.002> Fitzpatrick, M., 2017. What Could Vienna’S Low-Cost Housing Policy Teach The UK?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: <https://www. theguardian.com/society/2017/dec/12/vienna-housing-policy-uk-rent-controls> [Accessed 11 June 2020]. Frascari, Marco, Eleven Exercises In The Art Of Architectural Drawing (London: Routledge, 2011), p. 110 Gardeners World. 2020. Choose Plants. [online] Available at: <https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/> [Accessed 12 December 2019]. Glaeser, Edward, and Bruce Sacerdote, “The Social Consequences Of Housing”, Journal Of Housing Economics, 9 (2000), 2-3 <https://doi. org/10.3386/w8034> Glendinning, M. and Muthesius, S., 1994. Tower Block: Modern Public Housing In England, Scotland, Wales, And Northern Ireland. New Haven: Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. Gunnell, K., Murphy, B. and Williams, C., 2013. Design For Biodiversity: A Technical Guide For New And Existing Buildings. London: RIBA Publishing. Hart, S., 2011. Ecoarchitecture: The Work Of Ken Yeang. Chichester: Wiley. Hosseini Raviz, Seyed Reza, 2015. Flexible housing: the role of spatial organization in achieving functional efficiency. ArchNet-IJAR : international journal of architectural research., 9(2), pp.65–76. Karakusevic, P. and Batchelor, A., 2017. Social Housing Definitions & Design Examplars. Newcastle Upon Tyne: RIBA Publishing.
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LIST OF IMAGES
Leeson, M., 2018. Building Up, Not Out, Can Help Solve The Housing Crisis. [online] Infrastructure Intelligence. Available at: <http://www. infrastructure-intelligence.com/article/may-2018/building-not-out-can-help-solve-housing-crisis> [Accessed 26 February 2020].
All Images on page 31: Google Maps. 2020. Google Maps. [online] Available at: <https://www.google.com/maps> [Accessed 5 April 2020].
“LILAC – Low Impact Living Affordable Community”, Lilac.Coop, 2020 <https://www.lilac.coop> [Accessed 16 February 2020]
Image on page 33: Nechronicle. 2013. Cruddas Park Flats Could Be Demolished. [online] Available at: <https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/ north-east-news/cruddas-park-flats-could-demolished-1457513> [Accessed 10 June 2020].
“LILAC: Low Impact Living Affordable Community - UK Cohousing Network”, UK Cohousing Network, 2020 <https://cohousing.org.uk/casestudy/lilac-low-impact-living-affordable-community/> [Accessed 16 February 2020]
Image on page 33: Newcastlephotos.blogspot.com. 2013. Cruddas Park(Riverside Dene) Flats Demolition. [online] Available at: <https://newcastlephotos.blogspot.com/2012/04/cruddas-parkriverside-dene-flats.html> [Accessed 10 June 2020].
Lund, B., 2019. Housing In The United Kingdom Whose Crisis?. 1st ed. London: Springer International Publishing.
Image on page 33: Morton, D., 2016. Newcastle West End: The Bulldozers Are Busy At Work On This Day 45 Years Ago. [online] nechronicle. Available at: <https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/newcastle-west-end-bulldozers-busy-10762372> [Accessed 10 June 2020].
Margolis, L. and Robinson, A., 2007. Living Systems. Basel: Birkhäuser. Metsec. 2020. Infill Solutions - Structural Steel Framing. [online] Available at: <https://www.metsec.com/products/steel-framing/ sfs-framing/infill-solutions/> [Accessed 1 May 2020]. Miyasaka, Taiji, Seeing And Making In Architecture (New York: Routledge, 2014), p. 3 Modi, Suruchi, 2014. Improving the social sustainability of high-rises. CTBUH journal : tall buildings, design, construction and operation, (1), pp.24–30. Mujumdar, Purva, and J. Uma Maheswari, “Design Iteration In Construction Projects – Review And Directions”, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57 (2018), 321 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.12.004>
Images on page 69: Block, I., 2018. Wildflower Roof Covers Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners’ Scottish Distillery. [online] Dezeen. Available at: <https://www.dezeen.com/2018/05/22/rogers-stirk-habour-partners-architecture-macallan-distillery-scotland/> [Accessed 10 February 2020]. Images on page 70: ArchDaily. 2012. Hotchkiss Biomass Power Plant / Centerbrook Architects & Planners. [online] Available at: <https://www. archdaily.com/340641/hotchkiss-biomass-power-plant-centerbrook-architects-and-planners> [Accessed 11 March 2020]. Images on page 73: Stefano Boeri Architetti. 2014. Vertical Forest. [online] Available at: <https://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/en/project/ vertical-forest/> [Accessed 10 March 2020].
Newcastle residential areas. 2020. Housing – Newcastle Residential Areas. [online] Available at: <https://newcastleareas.wordpress.com/ category/housing/> [Accessed 3 April 2020]. Nichol, R., 2020. ‘I’ve Had Tears Running Down My Cheeks’ - High-Rise Residents Speak Of Lockdown. [online] Nechronicle. Available at: <https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/coronavirus-newcastle-north-east-elswick-18131493> [Accessed 14 May 2020]. Oxley, M., 2000. The Future Of Social Housing: Learning From Europe. London: Institute for Public Policy Research. Schilling, A., 2018. Architecture And Model Building. Basel: Birkhäuser. Schittich, C., 2007. In Detail Housing For People Of All Ages. Basel: Birkhauser. Siew Bee, Aw, and Lim Poh Im, “The Provision Of Vertical Social Pockets For Better Social Interaction In High-Rise Living”, Planning Malaysia Journal, 14 (2016), 163 <https://doi.org/10.21837/pmjournal.v14.i4.156> Stefano Boeri Architetti. 2014. Vertical Forest. [online] Available at: <https://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/en/project/vertical-forest/> [Accessed 10 March 2020]. Tait, J., 2018. The Architecture Concept Book. London: Thames & Hudson. Wired Ltd, 2016. Interesting Information For Cruddas Park, Westmorland Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 7QY Postcode. [online] StreetCheck. Available at: <https://www.streetcheck.co.uk/postcode/ne47qy> [Accessed 10 November 2019].
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APPENDIX
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CASE STUDY BOOKLET GROUP WORK
(MY WORK) TYPOLOGY
Spittelau Housing
Urban housing (Three Houses)
Karl Marx-Hof
(1:10,000)
(1:1000) (1:1000)
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36 Apartments
100 Apartments (approx)
1382 Apartments
Approximate Max Inhabitants: 90
Approximate Max Inhabitants: 250
Approximate Max Inhabitants: 5,000
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(MY WORK) TYPOLOGY - INTERACTION
Spittelau Housing
Spittelau is one key example of how a building badly interacts with the street and pedestrians passing by. There is obvious proof of dislike in the form of graffiti. The ground floor of the building offers nothing to passers by and nothing to the waterfront.
Urban housing (Three Houses)
This building expresses how to successfully interact with the street and pedestrians. The apartment blocks bring value to the street in the form of a popular cafe that is very well-received by locals. The way it spills out onto the street makes the building inviting.
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(MY WORK) TYPOLOGY - FORM
Karl Marx-Hof
The buildings give an enormous amount to the local community in terms of facilities. The squash centre is used by people from all edges of Vienna. The courtyards form routes that are part of many peoples daily routines, even if they don’t live there.
Spittelau Housing
Urban housing (Three Houses)
Karl Marx-Hof
One thing is instantly noticeable about this building: the absence of right angles. The form of this building does not seem to be influenced by the site, wider context or environment, but by the architects style. This caused a great deal of expense.
The form of this building is much more economical and highlighting a difference focus of the scheme. This building puts its occupants and the use of spaces above fancy form-work and elaborate angled façades.
The scale of this building is almost incomparable to the other two. It is the sheer size and scale of this project which determines its form. It vast size produces the need for huge courtyards and blocks of extreme length.
The immediate context is extremely hard and harsh, as is the form of the building. It is surrounded by concrete and tarmac pavements looking over the canal, which is possibly the only soft feature of this building. There is a noticeable absence of greenery.
These apartment blocks are extremely well nestled within their site. They sit among old and newly planted trees and bushes and connect seamlessly with near by parks. Children’s play apparatus is even provided on the site.
The extremely spacious courtyards provide the inhabitants of these apartments with plenty of green space. There are spaces for kids to play, dogs to be walked and people to exercise. These courtyards are nearly entirely turfed and are filled with trees.
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CASE STUDY BOOKLET GROUP WORK
CASE STUDY BOOKLET GROUP WORK
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(MY WORK) ENVIRONMENT
(MY WORK) ENVIRONMENT - ENERGY
Spittelau Housing project is situated adjacent to the Spittelau Incinerator, from which the building receives its power and heating. In fact the heat it generates is sufficiently provides heating for 15,000 homes in the city. Materials recycling in Vienna amounts to 30 per cent of the overall waste volume, with a further 9.5 per cent going to make compost. Of the rest, 49 per cent is incinerated, representing an annual saving of 330,000
tonnes of oil, and only 11.5 per cent is landfilled. Waste is delivered by 250 trucks each day, with each truck tipping its load into a huge bunker topped by a garden densely planted with trees. The waste is then fed into two incinerator lines capable of handling 18 tonnes per hour. Burning the waste is only the first stage in a complex process of treatment. The bulk of
the plant is taken up by sophisticated flue gas scrubbing systems and an ultramodern dioxin destruction facility. These scrubbers remove hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and dust, while the second phase removes sulphur dioxide before the flue gases go through selective catalytic reduction, before being released into the atmosphere.
Water vapour & filtered flue gasses
Spittelau Incinerator
Turbine
Scrubbers
Spittelau Housing Project
Furnace
Waste Warm water output used for heating Ash output recycled in construction
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CASE STUDY BOOKLET GROUP WORK
(MY WORK) ENVIRONMENT - NOISE POLLUTION
Point at which train line goes underground
Train line
Waterfront
Architect:
Resident:
Journalist:
“The problem of soundproofing and vibration from the trains of the working subway isn’t solved in the apartments facing the highway.”
“I was woken up every morning by the subway trains shaking my bedroom.”
“In the apartments overlooking the highway, though measures were taken to reduce the sound of traffic, The architect failed to consider the vibrations felt from the underground trains.”
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CASE STUDY BOOKLET GROUP WORK
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SECTION AA Existing structure is hatched
Scale 1 : 200 0m
5m
10m
20m
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
B
A
A
N B
BASEMENT PLAN
N
APARTMENT ENTRANCE LEVEL 1:200
N FIRST FLOOR APARTMENT LEVEL
APARTMENT SECTION
Yellow highlights demolished elements
SECTION & ELEVATION BB