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PO CHEN SHEN ARC 3001 2019 - 2020 STAGE llI PORTFOLIO N E W C A S TL E U N I V E R S I TY 170404321
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CONTENTS ILLUSTRATED REFLECTIVE REPORT......................................................................................006 CHARRETTE...............................................................................................................................008 PRIMER.......................................................................................................................................014 FIELD TRIP..................................................................................................................................058 STAGING.....................................................................................................................................078 THINKING THROUGH MAKING..................................................................................................102 REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS................................................................................................110 ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................204 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................210 APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................212
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PRIMER BOOKLET
FIELD TRIP CASE STUDY REPORT
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ILLUSTRATED REFLECTIVE REPORT In real architecture practice, we need to consider the city development plan and structural issues when we are designing a project, and the coursework from ARC3014 Professional Practice and Management and ARC 3013 Integrated Construction made my design more realistic. I researched on Coventry City Centre Area Action Plan in Professional Practice coursework to use the key elements in its plan to create the basic requirement for my project. Also, my design project could result in cooperation with the future developments of the city. When I was developing the design, I encountered with some structural problems, such as when I intended to design a 25 metres wide public space under the building without any supporting columns. In the technology report, I discuss with my tutors and Neil to test different structural systems, as present in figure 1. However, some of the systems, like the truss system, will influence the aesthetics of my design. Developing the design and technology at the same time can help deliver a more appropriate structural system that will not interfere with the aesthetics of my design.
Our studio is called “Ghost in the machines”. The studio has been interested in the relationship between people and their surrounding systems and infrastructures, and how architecture is not only a pure creation of buildings but also integrates systems of thinking and human-centred design. This year our studio has been exploring different systems in Coventry, and we were aiming to design an architecture based on the systems that we are interested in. This illustrated reflective report will first express the development and learning process of the year, then I will explain how my design project is reinforced by the coursework from other modules.
DISCUSSING
LEARNING
MAKING / TESTING
REDEVELOPING
PRESENTATING
Figure 1: Truss system sketch
MOVEMENT
EVENTS
DESIGNING
To summarize, the graduation design project is well supported by all the coursework from other modules. The professional practice coursework guides me in creating the basic requirement for the project, which is combined with the research in the design course to develop a design brief. The theory essay provides me with a method to design the basic programme arrangement and massing based on the anecdotal references. The technology report provides construction detail of my design project to make the design more realistic. Lastly, I would like to make some acknowledgements. I would like to thank Mags and Cara for guiding me throughout my design project, as well as all the studio members for giving me an amazing and wonderful studio life.
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MOVEMENT SPACE
When I was in stage two, I always developed building programmes based on its environmental condition and the users’ circulation. However, these designs usually result in weak connections between the users and the spaces. To improve the relationship between them, I study Bernard Tschumi’s theory in ARC3015 Theory into Practice coursework to understand how he designs architectural spaces with the movement of people. I applied his theory into my spatial arrangement development, in which the spatial forms were designed based on the movement of the building users in different activities. Then, I linked these spaces through anecdotal references to create the basic programme and massing for my project. I think studying this theory while developing my design can help create an ideal spatial form and arrangement for narrative architecture.
EVENTS
SPACE
In terms of my development and learning process this year, all the new knowledge that I have learned in stage three changes the way I think about architecture. When I was in stages one and two, I believed that the primary purpose of architecture is to optimize the function of spaces and to create a comfortable environment for the building’s users. However, I learned that architecture can be developed from a theoretical background. At the beginning of the project, we were trying to explore the meaning of the system by creating several abstract systematic models. Unlike in other previous projects, we start developing our projects from a theoretical perspective instead of going into architectural design directly. The exploration of systems helps build a solid foundation for our design projects, which I could use the concept from Primer’s Model to develop my architectural design. For example, I made an interactive wearable model to explore the “communication system”, and to understand how people are carrying different personal data into a conversation to exchange information with others. In the latter part of the project, I developed the concept from the abstract model to design an interactive building facade, facilitating communication between the building and the building’s users. I learned that the early development of an architectural design does not always need to start by drawing its site analysis or plan. Instead, I could explore architecture through researching its theoretical background.
Notation:
People
Creation
Machines
Movement
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CHARRETTE WEEK Charrette week is the traditional design activity of architecture degree at Newcastle University. The Charrette activity I chose aimed to design several outfits with recycled material and to experiment with different colours and textures. At the end of the week, we presented all of our works for the Charrette fashion exhibition. Experiment with recycle materials Charrette fashion show
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CHARRETTE | Process page
Process page | CHARRETTE
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Figure 2: Charrette fashion show
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CHARRETTE | Charrette fashion show
Charrette fashion show | CHARRETTE
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PRIMER Coventry systematic mapping Model - Social Class system Static model - Community system Interactive Model - Communication system Film - Communication system
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Ghost in the machine is interested in the relationship between people and their surrounding systems and infrastructures and how architecture is not only a pure creation of building but also requires social and political context...etc. We were trying to understand and explore the definition of "system" by creating mappings of a public realm in Coventry's city centre. Moreover, we studied the fictional protagonists from J.G. Ballard's books and imaging the city of Coventry through the perspective of those characters. Then, We created collages based on the chosen protagonists and their relationship with the wider architectural context. After studied the relationship between systems and protagonists, some interactive models were made to present the idea of "system".
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EXPLORING DIFFERENT SYSTEMS IN COVENTRY Mapping, group project At the beginning of the project, the studio explores different systems of a public realm in the city centre of Coventry, where covers part of the commercial area, religion area, and educational area. Each of us focuses on different systems to create systematic mappings. I focus on the daytime economy and social class systems ( the first two mappings below).
ENTRY UNIVERSITY S COV TU
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Education
Consumerism
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Money Government
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Drug abuse
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DAYTIME ECONOMY
CLASS
The map presents the economy activities during the daytime. 0
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Markers highlight the institutions of clinical psychologists and drop-in centres, specialised in the diagnosis and management of mental health conditions. Most of these centres are placed in and around residential areas.
Relationships
The diagram is analysed based the wealth level of different occupation.
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Green spaces are a well-known remedy of some common mental health issues. Without undermining the severity and intangible nature of this issue, having access to green spaces can aid the reduction of health inequality, improve well-being, and contribute towards the treatment of mental illness.
The words illustrate some parts of the city that have the potential to contribute to mental instability and the institutions in which they encompass.
Key
125
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mid 20th century coventry map
Coventry sports and leisure centure / old public baths
OLD TRIUMPH WORKS Coventry university student unioN / HUB - Social - inclusion - entertainment
DIAGRAM KNOWLEDGE TITLE IN COVENTRY
Key
This map shows educational building in the location. Educational buildings provide knowledge to Description the people. 0
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University educational buildings
Public educational buildings
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Primary Shopping Area
HEALTHCARE
ENGINEERING LOGISTICS
FInancial
CUlture
creative
I.T
Religious Area
~49m ~30m ~25m ~20m ~15m ~0 m
retail
SERVICES
MANUFActuring TOURISM Education Area
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PHYSICAL HEALTH
Planning system 0
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DIAGRAM FLOOD RISK TITLE IN COVENTRY
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Description This Map Shows the risk of flooding in the location 0
Anual Visitors flow in Commercial Area
Jan.
Feb.
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June
July
Aug.
Sept.
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Anual Users flow in Religious Area
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15℃
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17℃
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Medium Level Flood Risk
High Level Flood Risk
Antagonism
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5℃
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Discrimination
Annual Temperature Averages
Oct.
7℃
Humidity: 88% Dew Point: 3 °C Wind: 9 mph Pressure: 1015 mbar Visibility: 9 km
Sept.
11℃
Humidity: 87% Dew Point: 5 °C Wind: 9 mph Pressure: 1013 mbar Visibility: 9 km
Wind: 9 mph
PRIMER | MAPPING
Low Level Flood Risk
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14℃
TRANSPORT Bike Racks
Ring Road
Bus Station
Road
Car Park
Bike Routes
Bus Stops
Modern totem wayfinding signage. These information spots are purposefully situated in popular locations and places of greater footfall. The placement of these signs guide visitors towards two specific points- the commercial shopping quarter and the cathedral ruins.
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Racism
Humidity: 83% Dew Point: 8 °C Wind: 9 mph Pressure: 1013 mbar Visibility: 10 km
Aug.
75
Dec.
17℃
Pressure: 1015 mbar
July
Nov.
Wind: 9 mph
Pressure: 1015 mbar
June
Oct.
Humidity: 78% Dew Point: 10 °C Pressure: 1016 mbar Visibility: 10 km
Wind: 9 mph
Key
Sept.
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Anual Users flow in University Area
Humidity: 74% Dew Point: 12 °C Visibility: 10 km
May
April
Humidity: 72% Dew Point: 12 °C Visibility: 11 km
April
Mar.
Wind: 9 mph
Mar.
Feb.
Humidity: 73% Dew Point: 10 °C Pressure: 1016 mbar Visibility: 10 km
Feb.
12℃
Wind: 10 mph
5℃
7℃
Humidity: 75% Dew Point: 5 °C Wind: 10 mph Pressure: 1014 mbar Visibility: 10 km
Jan.
Humidity: 83% Dew Point: 2 °C Wind: 11 mph Pressure: 1016 mbar Visibility: 9 km
Humidity: 86% Dew Point: 2 °C Wind: 10 mph Pressure: 1015 mbar Visibility: 9 km
5℃
Humidity: 79% Dew Point: 3 °C Wind: 11 mph Pressure: 1016 mbar Visibility: 10 km
Lowest Precipitation: 16.5 mm (Annual Averages )
9℃
Humidity: 74% Dew Point: 7°C Pressure: 1016 mbar Visibility: 10 km
Highest Precipitation: 27.1 mm (Annual Averages )
Jan.
Dec.
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New freestanding digital signage suits the fast-pace, ever changing nature of consumerism in a urbanised area.
Arrows are used to highlight zones and specific areas that are relevant to the use of ‘signage’. These areas are closely linked to road network systems and retail/ entertainment venues.
Key
Mapping | PRIMER
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EXPLORING SYSTEMS FROM THE PROTAGONIST PERSPECTIVES IN J.G. BALLARD'S BOOKS Collages, group project We study the story of fictional characters from J.G Ballard's books, Concrete island, High-Rise, Kingdom come, and The Drowned World, to explore the relationship between the protagonists and systems in the architectural background. His writing expresses the effect of architectures on individual behaviour, which the physical or psychological environments can usually have a significant impact on the characters' decision and mental state. The reason for studying his writing is that his architectural concept could be used in building design to see how spatial design can affect the users.
Antagonism
Racism
Discrimination
Carl Woese’s three domain tree
Eury.
Archea
Cren.
Eukarya
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WAR PO
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DESTRUCTION
CI
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Bacteria
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The Failing of Civilised Order
Top: Concrete Island Bottom: High-Rise
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PRIMER | Protagonist story collage
The brief span of an individual life is misleading. Each one of us is as old as the entire biological kingdom, and our bloodstreams are tributaries of the great sea of its total memory.
Top: Kingdom come Middle left: Kingdom come, Middle right: The Drowned World Bottom: The Drowned World
Protagonist story collage| PRIMER
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EXPERINMENTAL SYSTEMTIC MODEL System: Social class system In this part of the project, we are asked to choose one system from the mappings and transform the two-dimensional graphic into a threedimensional model, and I decide to do the social class system. People's wealth level or income usually defines their place in the social class hierarchy. The chosen public realm is divided into commercial area, religion area, and educational area. According to the data of average salary of Coventry, these areas can be classified into three social classes, low class: waiter/waitress and market staff, middle class: manager in a restaurant, a market and a shop, and high class: pastor and university professor.
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PRIMER | Class system mapping
Class system mapping | PRIMER
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The model will be shaped in pyramid form because the social classes hierarchy is usually presented in a triangular shape. I am also inspired by the concept of a telescope to represent different visions from different social classes.
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PRIMER | Experinmental systemtic model - Process page
Experinmental systemtic model - Process page | PRIMER
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These photos present the final model of the social class system. The telescopic pyramid is painted in orange with different colour-depths to represent three social classes, and the three white cardboards under it represent the three areas in the Coventry city centre. When people are looking from the narrower side, a wider view can be seen, and it represents the desire of low-class people wants to join the high-class society. When looking from the wider opening, a narrow tunnel appeared, and it means that the high-class people have gone through all the hard journey to receive higher achievements.
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PRIMER | Social class system model
Social class system model | PRIMER
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STATIC MODEL System: Community systems We are asked to create a three-dimensional site analysis of the public realm, which each of us needs to design a static model that represents one system and place it on the base model of the central public realm. My model will be placed in the centre of the religion area, as shown in the black circle below, which inspired me to research the community system.
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PRIMER | Composite map - public realm
Composite map - public realm | PRIMER
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These photos record the process of assembling the base model for the static model. The composite mapping is pasted on the base of the public realm to show part of the area analysis. A 4mm plywood board is lifted with rods that are fixed into a 9mm MDF board. When all the static models are completed, they will be fixed on the grids to complete a three-dimensional systematic analysis of central Coventry.
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PRIMER | Building the base for static models
Building the base for static models | PRIMER
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Reconciliation sculpture in the Coventry Cathedral
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PRIMER | Process page
Twin cities mapping
Process page | PRIMER
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The form of the model is inspired by the Reconciliation sculpture in Coventry Cathedral, which it means peace and reconciliation after World war II. When illuminating the model from the front angle, the shadow of the two wooden towers cross each other, symbolizing two people are hugging. The base is triangular because the model will be surrounded by three churches, and it represents a small religion community. Coventry is also known as the first city to start the concept of “twin city�. When connecting all of the twin cities on the world map, they form a triangle, which also becomes the inspiration of base model, pointing toward the directions of those twin cities. All twin cities are coloured in gold, and their shadows will appear on the public realm base model when light shines through the map. When the two wooden towers are fixed on the base of religion area and twin city, it represents peace in the religion community and the international community.
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PRIMER | Static model
Static model | PRIMER
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INTERFACE MODEL Communication system, social system and data exchange The aim of this part of the project is to design an interactive device that people can interact with the device to understand the system. I explore the meaning of communication from the emotional perspective of Maitland, a character from the book called Concrete Island by J.G Ballard, which he experiences isolation, loneliness, hopeless, pain, and difficulty of communication. In the story, he is trapped alone on an island that is very close to a city, but no one can hear him, and he is disappointed that no one can communicate with him to save him. Sometimes communication between two individuals is challenging in our world because people sometimes carry their background and data into the conversation, and this might interrupt the harmony of communication such as political background, social class, religious belief, age, nationality, etc.
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PRIMER | Interface model concept development
Interface model concept development | PRIMER
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Data is usually shown in the graph from, and different curves on the graph represent different levels of data. For example, when a graph has two lines, as presents on the left page, it can be split into two individual graphs (two data). I am inspired by the idea of "graph" to transform two different graphs into two wearable devices. When two people with different personal data meet each other, they will start a conversation, which means they will exchange data about themself to build the connection between them.
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PRIMER | Interface model concept development
Interface model concept development | PRIMER
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To create a curved surface, I have experimented with different materials, such as wire mesh with plaster, plastic board, and acrylic board. However, these materials do not work as they are not thick enough to form a deep curved. Finally, I melt the vacuum form with the heat gun and to shape the curve.
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PRIMER | Material experiment
Material experiment | PRIMER
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PRIMER | Interface model
Interface model | PRIMER
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FILM - SOCIAL INTERACTION AND DATA EXCHANGE System: Social system and data exchange The film is trying to explore communication system between people. The first few scenes present a flat transparent sheet transform into a wavy curve, and these scenes represent the growth of people, which every people is growing in a different environment and have different personal data. Different personal data might become a reason for hard communication. The following scenes show two individuals meet each other and trying to have a conversation, exchanging data.
scan to view the video
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PRIMER | Film
Film | PRIMER
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P R I M E R E
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FIELD TRIP Coventry, United Kingdom Turin, Italy Ivrea, Italy Milan, Italy
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Coventry
Ivrea
Milan
Turin
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COVENTRY The first location we visited on the field trip is Coventry, which is located in central England. The purpose of visiting the city is to do a site observation and to take a city tour to understand the context and cultural background of the city.
Figure 3: group photo in front of Coventry Cathedral
Old and new Coventry Cathedral
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FIELD TRIP | Coventry
Coventry | FIELD TRIP
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Coventry University
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FIELD TRIP | Coventry
Coventry central commercial area + site visit
Coventry | FIELD TRIP
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TURIN Turin is in northern Italy, and it is well known for its refined architecture. Turin has a similar industrial background to Coventry because both of them produce cars. By visiting Coventry and Turin, we can compare the historical and cultural background of the cities.
Figure 4: group photo in the Turin Exhibition Hall
Turin Exhibition Hall
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FIELD TRIP | Turin
Turin | FIELD TRIP
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Turin Fiat Factory
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FIELD TRIP | Turin
Turin Fiat Factory
Turin | FIELD TRIP
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IVREA Ivrea located in northern Italy is a comune of the Metropolitan City of Turin. During the heyday of the manufacturing industry in Turin, Ivrea was the living area for the workers. Therefore, there are several buildings providing entertainment for the workers, such as Hotel La Serra. We visited the hotel to appreciate the concept of archigram, and we did a case study on this building, which is included in the appendix section.
Figure 5: group photo in Ivrea
Talponia Ivrea
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FIELD TRIP | Ivrea
Ivrea | FIELD TRIP
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Street views
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FIELD TRIP | Ivrea
Hotel La Serra
Ivrea | FIELD TRIP
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MILAN For the last stop of the field trip, we visited Fondazione Prada in Milan, an institution dedicated to contemporary art and culture, and it is designed by OMA in 2015. The aim of visiting this architecture is to understand how the building is designed to fit into the city context. Also, the design of Fondazione Prada uses several interesting materials, such as timber block paving, reflective aluminium cladding, and acrylic tubes, and the material palate could inspire me on the development of my project.
Prada Foundation
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FIELD TRIP | Milan
Milan | FIELD TRIP
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Prada Foundation
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FIELD TRIP | Milan
Prada Foundation
Milan | FIELD TRIP
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STAGING Site analysis Timeline Coventry car manufacture research Twin City Spatial atmosphere
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The purpose of staging is to set up the brief for my design project, which finding the questions that I am trying to answer in my design. I use the information from the site visit and interview with the locals to create a site analysis. I also look into the Coventry City Centre Area Action Plan and timeline of the city to see how my design project can cooperate with future developments of the city. To improve the relationship between Coventry and the international community, I create a future vision of cooperation between the cities to see how my project in Coventry can work with other towns to advanced their manufacture system. In this chapter, I learn that architecture is not only the pure creation of building but also require a solid connection with the wider city context and background. The researches and analysis help build the story for my architecture, which will help inform my design in the next stage.
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Manufacturing system: How the function of my design project help refind the identity of Coventry? Coventry was well known for its motor manufacturing in the history. However, the city lost its significant identity since the union crises. Therefore, one of the project aims is to refind its " Electric motor manufacturing" identity.
Community system: How can the project help build a closer relationship with other twinned cities to develope the common manufacturing techniques together? Coventry is the first city to start the concept of twin city, which means that these cities should work together to improve their business and commercial tie. Furthermore, most of them are industrial cities that produce transportation, so this project will focus on how Coventry can work with other twinned cities to develop electric technology on transportation for the future.
Communication system: How can the project interacte with the public to attract more population? According to group site observation and interviews with the locals, one of the major issues on the site is lack of social and economic activities. Therefore, the project will intend to design an interactive public space to create communication between the building and the public member.
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STAGING | Systems
Systems | STAGING
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Site location and context The site is located in the south of the central commercial area in Coventry, so most of the buildings near the site are shops and restaurants. # 1 is the Coventry Market where sells clothing, food, and groceries, and the rooftop of the market is a car park. # 2 is Shelton Square, a performance plaza and retail street. Based on the interview with the locals, they claimed that this plaza initially is designed for creating more social activities, but it failed. # 3 is Bull Yard, and it is also one of the main entrance to the whole commercial area. # 4 is a car park building.
1:1250 Commercial building
Residential building
Religion building
Parking building
Site
Pedestrian and road & access points ay sW ck rra Ba
Most of the paths on the site are pedestrian because it is a commercial area where has intense population. Warwick Road is the nearest road for automobile, and Barracks Way is the closest entrance to the car park building. Pedestrian Road
#1
Wa rw
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Key issue: lack of economic activity #4
The intensity of economic activity of the commercial area is affected by wealth hierarchy. A local who owns a nail shop and a jewellery shop claimed that rich people prefer to visit Upper Precinct. He further said that fewer people want to visit Shelton square because shops near Shelton square are for immigrants, refugee, and lower-class family, and shops near the plaza will be closed down in no more than six months.
#2
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#3
+
+
Daylight
N
The northeast of the site has the lowest daylight illuminance, so the size and quantity of windows on this facade should be reduced to avoid heat loss. Working space should be placed near the southwest to increase the daylight illuminance and users' visual comfort.
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Coventry Market
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STAGING | Site analysis
Shelton Square
Bull Yard
Barracks Car Park
Site analysis | STAGING
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THE CITY CENTRE AREA ACTION PLAN - COVENTRY The development of the Coventry's city centre In ARC 3014 Professional practice coursework, I look into the future development plan of the city centre in Coventry. It is suggested that the architecture planning considerations should follow the City Centre Area Action Plan (Henceforth CCAAP) published by Coventry City Council (2017), which is a document that provides guidance on the future development of the city. Some key elements of the plan are public realm, buildings, small independent businesses, green area, and historical environment, and I am using these elements to build the basic requirements of the design project.
Basic design requirements
KEY ELEMENTS OF CCAAP
PUBLIC REALM
Develop a high quality, attractive, and welcoming public space to increase social interactions
ISSUE ON THE SITE
The site is in the south of the commercial area. The site has a lack of social activities because the other part of the commercial areas is more developed.
HOW TO IMPROVE ?
Design an interactive public space to attract more population, which will improve social interactions and economic activity.
BUILDINGS
High quality design as the critical ingredient of any developments. Use of quality material that can represent “Coventry” style. A balance between large-scale buildings and small scale developments.
Most buildings around the site are small scale structures. Thus, the site requires a larger scale building to become the core of the area.
SMALL INDEPENDENT BUSINESSES
Create opportunity and spaces for the small independent business.
The site has a lack of economic activity because most people go shopping at the newer commercial street.
Link the function of the project with the local manufacturing business.
GREEN AREA
Create natural green spaces in the city centre, connecting public members with nature. It is suggested that buildings should provide green spaces to develop the concept of “greening” in the Ring Road.
The site has only a small green area.
Provide green spaces in the buildings. (Green roof or green landscape?)
HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT
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WHAT IS IT ?
STAGING | The city centre area action plan
Preserve and improve the historic buildings in the city centre.
Most of the buildings on the site were rebuilt after WWII.
Design a large scale building
Repurpose the existing concrete buildings to celebrate the history of Coventry.
The city centre area action plan | STAGING
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TIMELINE One of the key issues of Coventry is low economic activity and population. Thus, I research the history of Coventry, and I find that motor manufacture improved Coventry's economy and population between 1897-1970s, and it became the identity of the city. However, the city started falling since the union crises in the 1970s, and many motor companies move their headquarters to other countries. This action causes a negative impact on the development of Coventry. From 2015-2020+ the local organization and the British government try to rejuvenate the motor identity by building several factories for manufacturing electric battery for vehicles. The development of electric technology becomes the core development of the city. Therefore, my design project will be related to electric technology and motor.
Rise
Fall
Rise
500,000 £50,000
400,000 £40,000 300,000 £30,000 200,000 £20,000 100,000 £10,000 0 £0
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1897
1950
1960
1970s
1973
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1982
2004
2015
2020
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Motor manufacturing began in Coventry, and the first British car was produced by Daimler in 1987 in Coventry.
Rise of car manufacturing. Many vehicle motor companies were based in Coventry, such as Mini, Jaguar and Rootes Group.
The average wage of the industrial worker in Coventry was 25% higher than the rest of the country.
Union Crises
Many small companies were absorbed into larger companies. For example, Jaguar and Land Rover were absorbed by Leyland.
Winter of the discontent strike was started by public sector trade unions to demand higher pay.
The top 15 employers in Coventry fired their employees by almost half. The graph below shows that the UK unemployment rate continued to rise in 1982.
Jaguar and Land Rover moved their productions out from Coventry, and Peugeot abandoned its last based plant in the city.
The motor renaissance began. Coventry and Warwick University join into the race of rejuvenating motor manufacture in Coventry. They started up an organization called Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), and it is funded by Jaguar Land Rover and National Automotive Innovation Centre.
The government invests in the production of EVB and build a gigafactory in Coventry, aimed to seize the global market of the electric vehicle.
The electric technology will be the core power source of transportation in the next 50 years, and the innovation of EVB in Coventry can be shared with other twin cities (transport industrial cities) to promote closer industrial and commercial ties.
STAGING | Timeline
Timeline | STAGING
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HOW THE FUNCTION OF THE PROJECT HELP REFIND THE IDENTITY OF COVENTRY? Manufacturing system The timeline on the previous page shows that the motor industry has a positive impact on the development of Coventry, and motor manufacturing seems to become the first impression of the city. However, the city lost its identity since the union cries. In these recent years, the local and British governments have tried to refind the identity by investing in the electric battery for the vehicle. Therefore, the function of my project will be related to electric technology to cope with the city's development plan.
THE HAYDAY OF COVENTRY IN THE PAST
PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE
The identity of the city - Motor manufacturing
Figure 6: Car production line in Coventry Car production in Coventry, BBC
Figure 7: Jaguar engine manufacturing Jaguar engine manufacturing,
Jaguar
The first British automotive was manufactured in Coventry in 1897 by Daimler. Since then, Coventry became the core of car manufacturing in the UK, and many famous car brands were founded and based in the city, such as Jugar and Land Rover. Furthermore, many motor companies from worldwide moved their headquarters to Coventry from 1950 - 1960, and it made the city one of the wealthiest cities in the UK as it rose the economic activities and population to enhance the development of the city. Therefore, the motor manufacturing became the identity of Coventry.
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Figure 8: Electric vehicle batteryfactory factory ininCoventry Electric vehicle battery Coventry,
Coventry city council
Figure 9: London London TX5, TX5 The
Telegraph 2017
In 2015, Warwick and Coventry universities started the race of rejuvenating the motor identity in Coventry. However, the production line of the traditional motor is replaced by the electric battery, which attracts the local and British governments to invest money into the research of this technology. For example, London electric taxi cabs (TX5) are manufactured in Coventry. In 2020, the government invest in the production of EVB to build a gigafactory and aim to seize the global market of electric vehicle.
JUGAR AND LAND ROVER...ETC. MOTOR FACTORY
ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY FACTORY
ELECTRIC MAKER SPACE
PAST
PRESENT
FUTURE
1950s ~ 1960s
2015 ~ 2020
2030 +
The rise of the motor manufacturing in Coventry
Rejuvenation of Car industry - Electric motor
Coventry’s electric motor manufacturing will become the leading production line in the world, and it will become the identity of Coventry. Electric maker space could provide spaces for people to understand and experience the electric technologies to improve the population of tourist and increase wealth to the city.
STAGING | How the function of the project help refind the identity of Coventry
How the function of the project help refind the identity of Coventry | STAGING
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BUILDING AN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER TWINNED CITIES Communication and community systems Coventry is the first city to start the idea of twin city, and it has accumulated to twenty-six twin cities now (Coventry City Council, n.d). The concept of twin cities is to promote cultural and commercial ties between towns, cities, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states and even countries that have a different geographical and political background, defined by Clarke (2013). Another purpose of twinned towns is to help each other to advanced themselves. In this case, the cities could work together in the headquarter in Coventry to exchange data on electric technology as most of them are industrial cities that produce transportation, and this action could improve their products ( an example will be presented on the next page)
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STAGING | Twin city & manufacturing system
Warsaw, Poland
Jinan, China Volgograd, Russia
Galati, Romania
Parkes, New South Wales, Australia
Kiel, Germany
Dresden, Germany Ostrava, Czech Republic
Bologna, Italy Lidice, Czech Republic Graz, Austria Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Belgrade, Serbia
Saint-Etienne, France Arnhem, Netherlands
Caen, France
Coventry, United Kingdom
Cork, Ireland
Coventry, Connecticut, USA Coventry, Rhode Island, USA
Kingston, Jamaica
Cornwall, Canada Granby, Canada
Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Clarke, N. (2013). Town Twinning in Britain since 1945: A Summary of findings. Coventry City Council (n.d). Twin Towns and Cities
Twin city & manufacturing system | STAGING
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THE FUTURE VISION OF COOPERATION BETWEEN TWIN CITIES How Coventry & Caen can work together to improve their products The manufacturing system is an essential factor that bridge those cities with Coventry as most of them are industrial cities; for example, Kiel and Caen both produce yachting and ships. Since all of these cities are industrial cities, the manufactured techniques can be shared between them to promote their industrial and business tie in the future. The diagram presents an example of cooperation between Coventry and Caen.
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Researchers from Caen travel to the Electric Maker Space in Coventry, and they design the prototype of an electric motor with the local researchers.
5
If the prototype works successfully, the researchers can bring the design proposal back to Caen and manufacture the motor in a factory.
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Researchers from both towns produce the prototype of the electric motor in the workshop in Coventry.
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The electric motors are employed on yachtings by the local manufacture industry.
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They test the prototype of the electric motor in automobiles or other devices.
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Finally, electric yachtings are sold in the local shops.
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The prototype of the motor is exhibited in the maker space.
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STAGING | The future vision of cooperation between twin cities
The future vision of cooperation between twin cities | STAGING
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Space of creation:
Space of manufacture:
Space of presentation:
The lecture hall is designed for professionals and students to discuss or learn about the innovative design.
The large workshop is a primary manufacture area in the building, and it is designed for the professionals and students to produce prototypes of electric devices. When their works are completed, the work can be transferred to the testing area by the industrial crane.
The conference hall is a more private area, where the professionals can discuss how to improve the prototypes. Also, the completed works can be presented in the conference gallery.
Primary building users
Offices and studio are provided for the professionals and students to design their works.
Professionals from other twin cities
Lecture hall
Students from the local universities
Conference hall
Offices
A large workshop
Testing area
Studios When their prototypes failed, they need to go back to the studios or offices to edit their design. Thus there is a cycle between space of creation and manufacture.
Public / Visitors / Tourist
A small workshop
Gallery
Car remodify centre
Space of manufacture: The small workshop is for tourist to experience electric devices making. Visitors or the locals can change their traditional motor to a new innovative electric motor.
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STAGING | Building users and logic diagram
Building users and logic diagram | STAGING
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BASIC MASSING AND PROGRAMME TRAVEL FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE
The history of "manufacturing" and "rebuild" is an iconic s y m b o l o f C o v e n t r y. T h e city is the combination of brick buildings and concrete buildings so that visitors can experience the building from the past and present when travelling through the city, for example, old Coventry Cathedral=past, and concrete buildings = present.
SPACE OF TRANSITION: Sometime the building users might fail, and they need to change their designs. Thus, sky bridges are placed between the two concrete buildings (space of possibility) for them to travel between the studio and the workshop.
The concept has been carried further in this project to explore the “future” of the city. The space of possibility represents “past and present” because people are trying to explore and invent new technologies in these spaces, preparing for the future. The space of ambition represents “future” because the finished innovative works will be exhibited in this area. The diagram shows that the future is surrounded by the space of the present, and it means that the future is growth from the past and present.
SPACE OF POSSIBILITY: CREATION
SPACE OF AMBITION: PRESENTATION
SPACE OF POSSIBILITY: EXPLORATION & EDUCATION SPACE OF POSSIBILITY: MANUFACTURE
SPACE OF AMBITION
NEW BUILT STEEL STRUCTURE
This space is called the space of ambition because this space is used for exhibition or international meeting to discuss the future development of electric technology. Therefore, this part of the building will be designed to generate a futuristic atmosphere.
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The original tower is demolished to create a wider public space
SPACE OF POSSIBILITY:
REUSING THE STRUCTURE OF THE EXISTING BUILDINGS
The purpose of reusing part of the existing concrete structure is to celebrate the history of Coventry as most of the buildings are rebuilt from the demolishment in WWII. In this case, concrete can symbolize the history and growth of Coventry. Furthermore, spaces in the refurbished concrete buildings are "called space of possibility" because the building users are trying to explore the possibility of innovative design.
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STAGING | Basic programme and massing
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NARRATIVE COLLAGE: TRAVEL FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE The collage presents the idea of travelling from the past to the future. The site is the combination of brick and concrete architecture, which can represent the architecture styles before and after the bomb attack (the existing and rebuilt). The middle part of my design project will be designed in a futuristic style. Thus, the public members could experience the past (brick), present (concrete), and the future (metal, polycarbonate, or translucent elastane, etc.) when they are accessing through the site.
Collage:Travel from the past to the future | STAGING
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SPATIAL ATMOSPHERE IN NARRATIVE ARCHITECTURE Mausoleum of the Martyrdom of Polish Villages by Nizio Design International As mentioned on the previous page, my design project aims to create the spatial atmosphere of the present and the future. Therefore, I research on Mausoleum of the Martyrdom of Polish Villages in Michniów, Poland by Nizio Design International to understand how the architect develop the spatial concept with the historical narrative aspect. “Architecture was understood as both organizer and communicator” (Coates, 2012). The job of an architect is not only to optimize the function of spaces but also they create different spatial atmospheres to form the communication between spaces and building’s users. The purpose of the museum is to commemorate the martyrs who were suffered from the repressions in Polish rural communities during the German Occupation in World War Two. According to Aguilar (2020), the mausoleum is shaped in a monolithic form to create a continual straight space, which the building itself becomes a massive timeline that demonstrates the story from peace to repressions. To be more specific, the single straight route begins from the more enclosed space guides the visitor travel through the history of pacification. Then, when they arrive near the location where repressions occurred, the building’s form starts to decompose, becoming more open, to represent the severity of the repressions.
SEPTEMBER,1939 In september 1939, Michniow was occupied by the Germans.
12 JULY ~13 JULY, 1943 Repressions
JANURARY, 1945 Germans left Poland
Figure 10: Mausoleum of the Martyrdom of Polish Villages
This block represents the normal timeline witout any important events
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STAGING | Mausoleum of the Martyrdom of Polish Villages
Mausoleum of the Martyrdom of Polish Villages | STAGING
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SPATIAL ATMOSPHERE: PRESENT Brutalist Architecture After the bomb attack in WWII, most buildings were rebuilt with concrete, and concrete becomes the vital material to celebrate the history of Coventry. Therefore, part of the existing concrete structure is refurbished in the design. The buildings that represent "present" in my design concept will be built in a brutalist style to create the spatial atmosphere of the 1950s - 1970s concrete factory.
Figure 11:Loba House
SPATIAL ATMOSPHERE: FUTURE Neo-futurism spatial atmosphere The gallery space in the middle part of my design project aims to create a futuristic spatial atmosphere. Hence, I research some of the designs by Zaha Hadid because she is famous for designing futuristic architecture. For example, the design of Roca Gallery is different than the traditional gallery, such as the National Museum or V&A Museum, the gallery used white plasterboard and smooth concrete floor to create a clean and bright exhibition space, unlike the decorative wall in the traditional museums. Therefore, I will use the similar materials used in the Roca Gallery to generate the futuristic spatial atmosphere.
PAST
PRESENT
FUTURE
PRESENT
PAST
Figure 12: Roca Gallery
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STAGING | Spatial atmosphere
Spatial atmosphere | STAGING
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THINKING THROUGH MAKING Inspiration- kinetic facades Making process Final works
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As mentioned in staging, I am interested in the communication system, so I try to explore how architecture can interact with people in this chapter. When I look back at the works from primer, I am inspired by my communication wearable model. Thus, I will use a similar concept to design an interactive building facade. In thinking through making, I experiment with new interesting materials, such as magnet, string, and LED, and I need to test different mechanical designs to find a way to assemble those components. Even though I spend a long time solving technical issues in this project, it provides me with some basic ideas of how the device can be built in the real architectural world.
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Figure 13: The Swiss Science Centre
Interactive model from Primer Figure 14: Arab World Institute
Final thinking through making model
Figure 15: Bund Finance Centre
I am inspired by the kinetic facades of The Swiss Science Centre, Arab World Institute, and the Bund Finance Centre to design an interactive device that can be employed on my building surface. Most of the kinetic facades are designed to interact with the environment. For example, the windows of the library in the Arabic Centre can be adjusted to control the daylight in the reading space. However, I am inspired by my primer social interactive model to design a building facade that can convey information to the public members outside the building, to create communication between the architecture and the users.
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THINKING THROUGH MAKING | Example of kinetic facades
Inspiration | THINKING THROUGH MAKING
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THINKING THROUGH MAKING | Making process
Making process | THINKING THROUGH MAKING
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These photos present the final design of my interactive facade. I design a white surface with several magnets on it, and people can use the opposite magnet pole to pull out the light tubes in the box. When the light tubes are pulled in different height, the brightness on the white fabric will change. The design could be employed on the building facade or roof to create a different light level on the building surface, which the public members outside the building might receive some information from it
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THINKING THROUGH MAKING | Final model
Final model | THINKING THROUGH MAKING
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS Bernard Tschumi's Theory Programme development Plans Sections Elevations Interactive system 1:20 Detail section and material
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This chapter aims to use the design brief created in the staging to develop my design. In theory into practice coursework, I apply Bernard Tschumi's theory to my spatial arrangement development to create the basic programme for my design. Using his theory as part of the design process is essential because the spatial arrangement and form are designed based on the story of protagonists, which can help create a more proper circulation and programme for the building users. Furthermore, I look back at works in Primer and thinking through making to develop an interactive roof and try to use the system to improve some problems on the site. I also have some technical issue while developing my design, such as structure and material. Therefore, I research on different types of structural systems and materials in the technology coursework to make my design more realistic.
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"Architecture is not simply about space and form, but also event, action, what happens in the space."
Bernard Tschumi
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Bernard Tschumi's quote
Bernard Tschumi's quote | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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Parc de la Villette Paris, 1982-1998 An award-winning project noted for its architecture and new strategy of urban organization, La Villette has become known as an unprecedented type of park, one based on “culture” rather than “nature.” The park is located on what was one of the last remaining large sites in Paris, a 125-acre expanse previously occupied by the central slaughter houses and situated at the northeast corner of the city. In addition to the master plan, the project involved the design and construction of over 25 buildings, promenades, covered walkways, bridges, and landscaped gardens over a period of fifteen years. A system of dispersed “points”—the red enameled steel folies that support different cultural and leisure activities—is superimposed on a system of lines that emphasizes movement through the park. more Figure 16: The Manhattan Transcripts
Program: Cultural, Master Plan, Figure 17: Parc de la Villette Performance, Theoretical English / Français
Figure 18: Folies
Search
BERNARD TSCHUMI THEORY - POINT, LINE, AND SURFACE BERNARD TSCHUMI THEORY - EVENT, MOVEMENT, AND SPACE “Photographs direct the action, plans reveal the alternatively cruel and loving architectural manifestations, diagrams indicate the movements of the main protagonists” claimed by Tschumi (1994). He used photographs or film from the play to understand the movement in the scenes, and then notations were used to represent the movement of the events. Then, these notations of the movement were transformed into the form of the spaces, as shown in figure 16. My design project will apply his event, movement, and space theory to create spatial forms based on the protagonist’s activities.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Bernard Tschumi's theory
Tschumi also applied the method of superimposition to develop his design, which he developed the concept by layering three systems, as shown in figure 17. They are points, lines, and surface, and they represent events, circulation, and horizontal activities, respectively. He applied his design theory into the design of Parc de la Villette, a park located in the northeast of Paris. He developed the concept by placing a point-grid coordinate system over the plan of the park, and 10 x 10 x 10 metre cubes were positioned on the intersections of the grid. The folies (figure 18) represent all activities created by the park program. These cubes were connected to create routes for circulation. Last, surfaces were layered in different height to create spaces for horizontal activities (Souza, 2011). I will use his theory to create the basic spatial arrangement for my project.
Bernard Tschumi's theory | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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Space of creation:
Space of manufacture:
Space of presentation:
The lecture hall is designed for professionals and students to discuss or learn about the innovative design.
The large workshop is a primary manufacture area in the building, and it is designed for the professionals and students to produce prototypes of electric devices. When their works are completed, the work can be transferred to the testing area by the industrial crane.
The conference hall is a more private area, where the professionals can discuss how to improve the prototypes. Also, the completed works can be presented in the conference gallery.
Primary building users
Offices and studio are provided for the professionals and students to design their works.
Professionals from other twin cities
Lecture hall
Students from the local universities
Conference hall
Offices
A large workshop
Testing area
Studios When their prototypes failed, they need to go back to the studios or offices to edit their design. Thus there is a cycle between space of creation and manufacture.
Public / Visitors / Tourist
A small workshop
Gallery
Car remodify centre
Space of manufacture: The small workshop is for tourist to experience electric devices making. Visitors or the locals can change their traditional motor to a new innovative electric motor.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Building users and logic diagram
Building users and diagram | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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PROTAGONIST STORY: STUDENTS AND PROFESSIONALS 1: Designing 2: Discussing 3: Learning 4: Making & testing 5: Redeveloping 6: Presenting
DISCUSSING
LEARNING
MOVEMENT
EVENTS
DESIGNING
SPACE
SURFACE FLOOR
1 Designing
MAKING / TESTING
REDEVELOPING
2 Discussing
PRESENTATING
3 Learning optional
EVENTS
LINE CIRCULATION
4 Making 5 Testing 6 Redesigning 7 Presenting
MOVEMENT
SURFACE FLOOR
3
5
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Creation
Machines
REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Protagonist story: Students and professionals
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Protagonist story: Students and professionals | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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PROTAGONIST STORY: TOURIST 1: Entering & preparing 2: Making 3: Visting 4: Learning
MAKING
MOVEMENT
EVENTS
ENTERING
SPACE
SURFACE FLOOR
1 Entering
LEARNING
LINE CIRCULATION
3 Visiting 4 Learning
EVENTS
VISITING
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MOVEMENT
SURFACE FLOOR
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Protagonist story: Tourist and public
Creation
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Protagonist story: Tourist and public | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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CREATING THE BASIC PROGRAMME FROM THE STORIES OF PROTAGONISTS Because the professionals and students are the primary building users, they will have more programme and larger spaces than another protagonist. I combined the massing from both protagonists stories to create the basic massing for the Electric Maker Space. The final model can be divided into three parts, which the one on the left is a more private area for the primary building users, and the entrance and small workshop on the right is for the tourist. The gallery space in the middle is for both kinds of users. The final massing can be used to develop the plan and section.
+
SURFACE FLOOR
1 Designing 2 Discussing 3 Learning optional
LINE CIRCULATION
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Basic massing | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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REFURBISHMENT OF THE EXISTING CONCRETE BUILDINGS Reduction of Carbon emission in the building construction According to CCAAP (2017), " historical environment" is one of the key elements that the designer should keep the value of the historic environment in the city context. Most of the existing buildings on the site were built after the bomb attack during World War II. Hence, they have essential historical and cultural value to Coventry. Reusing part of the existing concrete structure not only can celebrate the history of the city but also reduce the carbon emission in the building life cycle assessment (Henceforth LCA).
Cores Toliets Studio Office Small workshop Lecture hall
Large workshop Testing Area Gallery
Figure 19: Percentage of CO 2 emissions produced in a building life cycle - construction and demolition
Figure 20: Life cycle of building products
Peng and Wu (2015) claimed that construction and demolition stages take 14.6% of Carbon emission in the building LCA (Figure 19). Therefore, I decide to refurbish the existing concrete structure. It will reduce the Carbon emission in manufacturing, construction, demolishment, and recycling in LCA because it decreases the quantity of concrete, as presented in figure 20.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Reuse of existing concrete structure
The project is the combination of refurbished concrete and newbuilt steel structure. The spaces that do not require large space, such as studio and office, will be positioned in the concrete structure because these spaces will not be impacted by the columns. The workshop, testing area, and gallery will be built with steel system to create a wider space with fewer columns.
Reuse of existing concrete structure | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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01. Existing Site
02. Demolishment and refurbishement
05. Lecture hall
06. Studio and office
This diagram shows the existing building on the site.
The building in the middle will be demolished to create a continued public space on the ground floor, and the buildings beside it will be reused in the design.
Lecture hall usually will have more people than other spaces. Thus, it is located near the main entrance to create an easy access point for building users.
Studio and office for the primary building users are next to the testing area so that they can test and edit their design at the same time.
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03. Core
04. Service ( receptions, toliets, and shops)
Cores are placed on the four corners of the site to allow the building users to entre from multiple directions.
Service spaces are designed near both plazas, so the building users will first arrive in the service area when entering into the building.
REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Programme development
07. Workshops, car remodify workshop, and assemble area Working areas are designed near the road because it will be easier for trucks to transfer the finished work from the maker space to other places.
08. Gallery and Conference hall Exhibition spaces are designed in the middle to let the users entre from both directions.
Programme development | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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Figure 21: Studio toturial
Figure 22: Studio toturial
In the early stage of the massing development, our studio uses different materials, such as timber blocks, colour paper, and wire on the site model to explore massing. The timber block is not fixed on the site model, so we can easily remove or replan the existing buildings. I also use different colour wires to study the circulation of different users, and I can take these inspirations to develop my massing.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Process
Process | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Process
Process | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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I use the theory and basic massing that I create in staging to develop the form and plan of my design. My initial idea is to design a neofuturistic style architecture, to create a striking contrast with the surrounding context. However, I find that the form should respond to the context, to build a closer relationship between the project and the surrounding buildings.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Process
Process | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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Welcome
to Electr ic Maker Space DIY Electr ic Devices
N MO 20 /20 2/3
As mentioned on the previous page, I need to improve the connection between my design and the context. Thus, the second proposal is designed in a more edgy style. Both short elevations are designed in a concave shape to attract visitors to the public space, and media technology is placed on the facades to create communication between the building and the public members. Furthermore, I develop the idea from thinking through making model to design an interactive ceiling in the public space to enhance the social interaction on the site. However, this design seems to breaks away from my original design theory set in the staging.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Process
Process | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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ELECTRIC MAKER SPACE
ROOF CONSTRUCTION PARAPET CONSTRUCTION
Po Chen Shen 170404321 Ghost in the machine 1:20 Detail section Paper size A1
METAL CAP FLASHING PROTECTION FABRIC RIGID INSULATION VAPOUR BARRIER CONCRETE ROOF FINISHING
· · · · ·
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EARTH FILTER FABRIC DRAINAGE BOARD ROOT BOARD PROTECTION FABRIC RIGID INSULATION VAPOUR BARRIER 200MM CONCRETE SLAB
1:20
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20MM ACRYLIC PANEL ·
ELECTRIC DISPLAY SYSTEM EXTERNAL SPRINKLER NOZZLE
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SPRINKLER WATER SUPPLY DUCT
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ADJUSTABLE STAINLESS STEEL UPSTAND
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CABLING DUCT FOR THE ELECTRONIC DISPLAY LIGHTING SYSTEM
PRECAST CONCRETE PANEL CONNECTION · ·
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SHEAR CONNECTION CAST INTO PANEL SPRAY INSULATION FILL
WATERPROOF MEMBRANE BITUMIONOUS LAYER FOAMGLASS INSULATION LAYER EKV4 MEMBRANE F30 PREFABRICATED STEEL SANDWICH PANEL WITH FIBREGLASS INSULATION CORE AIRSPACE CONTAINING THE GRAVIVENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL CAISSONS INTERNAL GYPSUM BOARD
WALL CONSTRUCTION 100MM PRECAST CONCRETE PANEL 25MM CAVITY MEMBRANCE 100MM RIGID INSULATION 12MM CEMENT PARTICLE BOARD STEEL STUD FILLED WITH ROCKWOOL INSULATION VAPOUR BARRIER 12MM CEMENT BOARD FINISHING
· · · · · · · ·
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DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOW 4MM GLASS WITH ARGON GAS IN BETWEEN
SMOKE SEAL
CAST-IN-PLACE ANCHOR
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MINERAL FIBRE
FLOOR CONSTRUCTION · · · · · · · ·
RAISED ACCESS FLOOR SYSTEM SERVICE VOID SCREED 100MM RIGID INSULATION 200MM CONCRETE FLOOR WIRED MESH VAPOUR BARRIER 100MM COMPACTED GRANULAR FILL
Figure 23: Truss system sketch
I look back at my design theory in staging, and one of the theory is to create two different spatial atmospheres in the building, present and future. I combine the design concept from the first and second proposals to create two spatial feelings. The resue part will be designed in a brutalist style to create the atmosphere of the old concrete factory, and the middle section is reform into a curvey neo-futuristic style to create a futuristic atmosphere. One of the biggest challenges of the middle building is that it does not have any columns under it to support the weight load because I want to design a wide public space without any columns on the ground level. Thus, I have discussed with my tutors and Neil to use large truss system between two buildings. However, the columns of the truss system might cause a negative impact to the interior spaces.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Process
Process | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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From the last proposal, the truss system will influence the function of the interior space. Thus, I decided to enlarge the beam to increase the load capacity and to avoid any columns in the middle space. Also, I increase the volume of the middle structure to provide a larger space for exhibitions and conference meeting. I develop the concept from thinking through making to design an interactive building skin. The interactive ceiling in the public space could improve the social activities, and the interactive roof of the middle structure could convey different information to the public members, which create communication between the architecture and people. Moreover, the voids between the concrete buildings and the middle building allow natural light to illuminate the ground floor public space, which it becomes natural spotlight to draw people near the window to see different activities in the maker space.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Process
Process | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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CONNECTION TO THE CONTEXT The image presents the final design of the Electric Maker space. As shown in the picture, most of the buildings in context are brick or concrete architectures. When people are walking on the site, they can see the transition of buildings' material from different eras. Thus, people could experience the concept of "travelling from the past to the future". To be more specific, brick represents the past, the concrete represents the rebuild after WWII, and the middle part of my project represents the future.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Connection to the context
Connection to the context | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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1: Public core 2: Changing and storage room 3: Workshop for the first time users 4: Car remodify workshop 5: Staffs office 6: Car remodify centre reception 7: External water jet 8: View of the car workshop 9: View of the workshop 10: Public space
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1:500
11: View of the assemble area 12: Private core 13: Small lecture hall 14: Assemble area 15: Unloading area 16: Shop
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Ground floor plan
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1: Public core 2: Workshop for the first time users 3: Storage room 4: Workshop for experienced users 5: Conference hall 6: Gallery 7: Control room ( Tube system) 8: View of the workshop 9: View of the testing area 10: Industrial crane space
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | First floor plan
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1: Public core 2: Computer lab 3: Staffs office 4: Crane space 5: Cafe / resting area 6: Private core 7: Meeting pods 8: Twin city members office
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
1:500
4
3 DN
2 DN DN
1 DN
8 5
7 6
UP
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Second floor plan
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1: Core 2: Core 3: Green roof
ROOF PLAN
1:500
DN
DN
1
2
3
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Roof plan
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Short section
Short section | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Long section
Long section | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Southeast elevation
Southeast elevation | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Southwest elevation
Southwest elevation | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Northwest elevation
Northwest elevation | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Northeast elevation
Northeast elevation | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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DEVELOPING FROM PRIMER & THINKING THROUGH MAKING Information communication and improvement of social activity I am inspired by the communication interactive model from the primer and the interactive lighting device from the thinking through making to develop the ceiling of the public space and the roof of the middle structure. The interactive ceiling in the public space not only can help control the size of the social area but also can create particular circulation route for the public member. The design can also be employed on the roof of the middle structure to create an interactive roof that can convey information to the public members.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Developing from Primer and Thinking through making
Developing from Primer and Thinking through making | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL ACTIVITIY I design an interactive ceiling in the public space to decrease the area of social space, which might increase the possibility of social interaction. Also, the ceiling can be lowered down to create a particular route to draw people into the same public space for them to meet up and social. The diagram on the right presents the concept of how it could improve social interaction. A box represented a space for a person, and the boxes will merge into one big box when they meet up.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Development of interactive ceiling in the public space
Development of interactive ceiling in the public space | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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THE EXTERNAL PUBLIC SPACE
Normal mode
The public space is design with four events: manufacture, assemble, car remodify, and shopping, and the groove space in front of the activity spaces could draw people in to see the activities when they are accessing through the public space. The interactive ceiling can transform the public space into four different modes, which are normal mode, plaza mode, workshop mode, assemble area mode. For example, when there is a special activity in the workshop, the system can create a wider area in front of the workshop, see the right page for more details.
When there is no special activity in the public area, part of the telescopic system will be dropped down to create a specific route for people to walk through the area and see the activities in the workshop, assemble, and car remodify areas.
Plaza mode All the telescopic tubes are raised up to create a large space for performaning or public activities that required wider spaces.
Workshops mode The ceiling near the assemble area is lowered down to create a wider space in front of the small workshop and car remodify workshop.
A: Manufacture Area
C: Remodify Area Assemble area mode The ceiling near the workshops is lowered to create a larger space in front of the assemble area.
B: Assemble Area
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | The public space on the ground floor
D: Shops
Different modes in public space | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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Normal mode
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Different modes in the public space
Plaza mode
Workshop mode
Assemble area mode
Different modes in the public space | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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This collage presents the concept of " travelling from the past to the future".
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Collage
Collage | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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This render shows the design of the public space. In the image, the interactive ceiling creates a wider area in front of the workshop to attract more people into the groove. Also, the voids between the concrete building and the middle structure provide natural spotlights on the ground floor to attract more people into the groove the see the manufacturing process in the workshop.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Ground floor public space render
Ground floor public space render | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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The ceiling can be lowered down to decrease the area of the social space to increase social interaction. To be more specific, it creates a few larger social areas rather than one large public space (x: social area). The negative spaces between the curve become the corridors. The ceiling can be adjusted to create a specific route in the public space to "force" the public member to go through that route.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Ground floor public space render
Ground floor public space render | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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CONVEY INFORMATION TO THE CONTEXT I develop the concept from thinking through making to employed an interactive roof on the middle structure, which it then changes form based on the types of activity within. When people are at the top of the surrounding buildings, they could know what event is happening in the maker space by looking at the form of the roof.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Development of interactive ceiling
Development of interactive ceiling | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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MULTIFUNCTIONAL PUBLIC GALLERY AND PRIVATE CONFERENCE HALL
Plaza mode
Both gallery and conference hall are multifunctional space, which they can be transformed into plaza mode, close mode, gallery mode, and lecture mode. The purpose of designing two grooves (C &D) in the gallery space is to let people see how the electric products are made while they are in the exhibition to see the finished works.
When all the tubes are elevated the space under become a large public area for different kind of performance or activities.
All close mode When there is no special activities in the space, all tube are dropped down.
Gallery mode Some tubes are elevated to create corridors and spaces for exhibition.
A: Conference Hall
C: View to the Workshop Public lecture mode Tubes are elevated to form a triangular space for lecture, to create a focus point in the space.
B: Gallery
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | The multifunctional gallery space on the first floor
D: View to the Testing Area
Different modes in the gallery space and the conference hall | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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All close mode
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Plaza mode
REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Different modes in the multifunctional gallery and conference hall
Gallery mode
Lecture mode
Different modes in the multifunctional gallery and conference hall | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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This rendered image shows the gallery space in the lecture mode. The LED in the tubes will illuminate the space when they are elevated.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Lecture hall mode render
Lecture hall mode render | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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When people are in the gallery space, they not only can see the finished works from the exhibition but also the manufacturing process in the workshop and the testing area. The rendered image presents that the gallery space and the workshop are designed in two different spatial atmospheres, present and the future. Therefore, people can experience the brutalist architecture and futuristic architecture at the same time in the gallery space.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Gallery mode render
Gallery mode render | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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The Electric Maker Space has a similar height to the surrounding buildings, so people can see the form of the roof when they are on the roof of the surrounding buildings. Also, the facades that faced the Bull Yard and the Shelton square are employed with polycarbonate to create a material contrast with the concrete building besides (solid and translucent).
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | View from the parking space above Coventry market
View from the parking space above Coventry market | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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1:20 DETAIL SECTION This 1:20 detail section presents part of the concrete building, steel structure, and the void between them. The concrete building does not require additional structural support because the project reuses the existing structure. Therefore, the precast concrete strategy is used. The middle structure is designed with the steel system to create spaces with fewer columns.
ELECTRIC MAKER SPACE Po Chen Shen, 170404321 Ghost in the machine 1:20 Detail section Paper size A1
PARAPET
ROOF
-METAL CAP FLASHING -PROTECTION FRABIC -RIGID INSULATION -VAPOUR BARRIER - CONCRETE ROOF FINISHING
-EARTH -FILTER FABRIC -DRAINAGE BOARD -ROOT BOARD -PROTECTION FRABRIC -RIGID INSULATION -VAPOUR BARRIER -200MM CONCRETE SLAB
THE HEIGHT OF THE PARAPET IS 110 CM TO PREVENT FALLING WHEN CLEANING THE ROOF
-RAINWATER ON THE WATERPROOF FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE WILL DRAIN INTO THE WATER GUTTER WHEN THE MEMBRANE IS MOVING UP. ALSO, THE WATER GUTTER IS WRAPPED UP WITH RIGID INSULATION TO PREVENT COLD BRIDGE RAINWATER
-THERMAL BREAK
-SHEAR CONNECTION CAST INTO PANEL -THERMAL BREAK
WALL -100MM PRECAST CONCRETE PANEL -25MM CAVITY -MEMEBRANCE -50MM RIGID INSULATION -12MM CEMENT PARTICLE BOARD -STEEL STUD FILLED WITH ROCKWOOL INSULATION -VAPOUR BARRIER -12MM CEMENT BOARD FINISHING
ROOF -WATERPROOF FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE -RIGID INSULATION -GLAVANIZED STEEL BOARD -1M H BEAM -VAPOUR BARRIER
ENCLOSED SPACE [RISING CEILING]
-GALVANIZED STEEL PURLINS
WALL -ALUMINUM COMPOSITE CLADDING -CAVITY -CEMENT PARTICLE BOARD -RIGID INSULATION -VAPOUR BARRIER -CAVITY -PLASTER BOARD FINISHING
-LIGHTWEIGHT PRESSED STEEL PURLINS
WINDOWS -DOUBLZED GLAZED WINDOWS WITH ARGON GAS IN BETWEEN
-SHEAR CONNECTION CAST INTO PANEL -THERMAL BREAK
RIGID INSULATION IS PLACED AROUND THE STEEL STRUCTURE TO AVOID COLD BRIDGE
FLOOR -RAISED ACCESS FLOOR SYSTEM -SERVICE VOID -CONCRETE -GALVANIZED STEEL DECKING -1M H BEAM -RIGID INSULATION -WATERPROOF FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE
GROUND FLOOR -RAISED ACCESS FLOOR SYSTEM -SERVICES VOID -SCREED -100MM RIGID INSULATION -200MM CONCRETE SLAB -WIRED MESH -VAPOUR BARRIER -100MM COMPACTED GRANULAR FILL
THE FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE WILL BE PUSHED BY THE TELESCOPIC SYSTEM. -RAINWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM
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Detail section | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Concrete material
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REFURBISH CONCRETE BUILDING
- 100mm Precast concrete panel - 25mm cavity - Membrane - 50mm Rigid insulation - 12mm Cement particle board - Steel stud filled with rockwool insulation - Vapour Barrier - 12mm Cement Board Finishing
- Double glazed windows with Argon gas in between
- Shear connection cast into panel - Thermal break [ avoid cold bridge]
Works from ARC 3013 Integrated Construction
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | 1:20 detail section
1:20 detail section | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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Figure 24: Sumida Hokusai Museum
Figure 25: Dongdaemun Design Plaza
Works from ARC 3013 Integrated Construction
The voids of the middle structure will be covered with aluminium composite cladding because it allows daylight to reflect and create indirect daylight for the computer lab in the concrete building.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Material of the void
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NEWBUILT BUILDING
- Aluminum composite cladding - Cavity - Cement particle board - Rigid insulation - Vapour barrier - Cavity - Plaster board finishing
- Raised access floor system - Service void - Concrete - Galvanized Steel Decking - 1m H Beam - Rigid insulation - Tri-layer, translucent, uv-stabilised elastane
Works from ARC 3013 Integrated Construction
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | 1:20 detail section
1:20 detail section | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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Figure 26: Kinetic Wall at the Venice Biennale
The interactive ceiling and roof of my design project require a flexible tensioned material that has strong elasticity. I research on a kinetic wall designed by Barkow Leibinger because my design is similar to his kinetic device. He uses two layers of gridded elastane to increase the elasticity of the material. My design will use the tri-layer, translucent, UV-stabilised elastane because my design is larger than his work and requires a stronger elasticity.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Material research
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Figure 27: Linear-motion telescopic mechanism and robot arm
The tubes in the interactive roof system will be made from the transparent acrylic tube because the material is light, and it will not cause the heavy load to the beam.
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | Telescopic system material
When I am designing the tube system, I find that the internal area above the public space will be affected by the tubes when they are elevated. Hence, I am inspired by the robotic arm to design a telescopic tube system placed in the ceiling. The telescopic design can increase the length of the tubes but will not affect the space above.
Telescopic system development| REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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TELESCOPIC SYSTEM
- Motor
- LED
- Acrylic telescopic tube
- Tri-layer, translucent, uv-stabilised elastane
- Connection plate
Works from ARC 3013 Integrated Construction
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REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS | 1:20 detail section
1:20 detail section | REALISATION AND SYNTHESIS
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ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
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When I was in stage one and two, I spent most of my time in the studio to design buildings, but I never have a chance to visit the construction site to understand the construction sequence or structural design. Therefore, I have started to participate in an internship program in Tri-Arch to learn from real practice since I come back to Taiwan in March. During the internship, I often visit the site with an architect to supervise on the construction detail.
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ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY | Construction site visit
Construction site visit | ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
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During the internship program, I use the model making skill that I learned in university to produce few models, and these models can help create easier communication between the architect and the clients. My other job is to produce render drawings for clients to feel the spatial atmosphere of the space.
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ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY | Participate in real pratice
Participate in real pratice | ILLUSTRATED CULTURAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Bibliography
Aguilar. C. (2020) "Mausoleum of the Martyrdom of Polish Villages / Nizio Design International". ArchDaily. Accessed 15 March 2020. https:// www.archdaily.com/778753/mausoleum-of-the-martyrdom-of-polish-villages-nizio-design-international/ Clarke, N. (2013). Town Twinning in Britain since 1945: A Summary of findings. Coates, N. (2012). Narractive Archtiecture Coventry City Council ( 2017). City Centre Area Action Plan. Coventry: Coventry City Council. Coventry City Council (n.d). Twin Towns and Cities Peng, C. and Wu, X., (2015). Case study of carbon emissions from a building’s life cycle based on BIM and Ecotect. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2015.
List of figures Figure 1: Neil Burford, 2020. Truss system sketch Figure 2: Newcastle University Charrette docunmenting team, 2019. Charrette fashion show Figure 3: Matthew Margetts, 2019. Group photo in front of Coventry Cathedral Figure 4: Matthew Margetts, 2019. Group photo in the Turin Exhibition Hall Figure 5: Matthew Margetts, 2019. Group photo in Ivrea Figure 6: BBC, n.d. Car production line in Coventry Figure 7 Jaguar, .nd. Jaguar engine manufacturing Figure 8: Coventry city council, 2019. Electric vehicle battery factory in Coventry Figure 9: The Telegraph, 2017. London TX5 Figure 10: Nizio Design International, 2015. Mausoleum of the Martyrdom of Polish Villages Figure 11: Pezo von Ellrichshausen, 2020. Loba House
Souza, E. (2011). Parc De La Villette | Tag | ArchDaily. [online] Archdaily.com. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/tag/parc-de-la-villette [Accessed 19 Feb. 2020]. Tschumi, B. (1994). Bernard Tschumi, the Manhattan transcripts. London: Academy Ed.
Figure 12: Nick Guttridge, 2012. Roca Gallery Figure 13: Ned Kahn, 2002. The swiss Science Centre Figure 14: George Fessey, 2014. Arab World Institute Figure 15:Laurian Ghinitoiu, 2017. Bund Finance Centre Figure 16: Bernard Tschumi Architects, 1976-1981. The Manhattan Transcripts. Figure 17: Bernard Tschumi Architects, 1982-1998. Parc de la Villette Figure 18: Bernard Tschumi Architects, 1982-1998. Folies Figure 19: Peng, C. Wu, X, 2015. Percentage of CO 2 emissions produced in a building life cycle - construction and demolition. Figure 20: Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings, 2008. Life cycle of building products. Figure 21: Matthew Margetts, 2020. Studio toturial Figure 22: Matthew Margetts, 2020. Studio toturial Figure 23: Neil Burford, 2020. Truss system sketch Figure 24: Laurian Ghinitoiu, n.d . Sumida Hokusai Museum Figure 25: Zaha Hadid Architects, n.d. Dongdaemun Design Plaza Figure 26: Johannes Foerster, 2014. Kinetic Wall at the Venice Biennale Figure 27: Yoon and Kotoku, 2009. Linear-motion telescopic mechanism and robot arm
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Appendix Primer studio booklet La serra Ivrea case study report
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