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ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO ABBEY MCGUIRE REMEDIAL HOUSING FOR ARCHITECTS STAGE 3

REFLECTIVE REPORT Reflecting on stage 3, the year began in quite a difficult place coming back from a mentally tough second year, I was not sure at the time whether architecture was still for me. But starting the year as part of the Remedial Housing for architects studio, I felt motivated by the grounding of the studios topic of combating the mundane housing that has been increasingly produced for profit and not to improve the living standards. One of the first tasks as a studio was to choose an image which motivated you as an architect. I selected a photograph of the Grenfell Tower fire, for me this photographed summed up the issues I felt had arrived within modern day society. The increasing social, political, and economical split within modern life is progressively impacting the architecture that we produce, this is one of the main topics I wanted to tackle with the historical Cruddas Park site. The creation of the topic ‘relationships’, has helped keep my design progress on track to tackle the points I had indicated; this was a constant reminder of the aims that my dwellings were trying to target. The social factors were at the core of my design and have kept me motivated throughout the project, but I would have liked the political factors to contribute considerably more towards my design. I often lack self-confidence within my work, this year has improved how I critique my own outputs and has taught me not to measure my own work against the worth of others. The development of my drawing style throughout the year has increased my confidence within the work I produce. My drawing style was informed by the theory into practise essay looking into Gordon Cullen’s concise townscape. The representation of the architecture was highlighted to me as being incredibly important, with each drawing style emphasising key points. This made me progressively more aware of the styles of outputs I was creating and the impact that they needed to have which then developed over the year into my synthesis celebration pieces. Looking back over the year there is a need for development on the physical representations of my designs, with models not portraying or playing a significant part within my design process.

The field trips visited throughout the year were highly influential within my design, with Marmalade Lane playing a centre focus throughout the project. Marmalade lane matched the points created within the studios manifesto clarifying that it was possible to achieve all that we had set out to change. These points were important in forming the urban plan for the staging celebration piece, but I feel as though these played a lesser role throughout the year as the designs progressed. The exposure to both extremes of the housing production, the dismal Great Park to the LILAC co-operative housing both located within the UK played a necessary part in forming where I stood within my design in the wider context of the architectural practise. Integrated technology facilitated in the level of detail I was placing into my project, with the technical aspects leading to a closer critical reflection of my design work up to date informing the latter changed within the forms of my designs. Access for all was critical in understanding the inclusivity that my site needed to have to fit with the manifesto point ‘Create to intergrade’, this lead to a further understanding of the levels of terrain throughout the site and the possibilities that the changes in level created. Sustainability is critical within the modern-day architectural practise and this importance to tackle the climate crisis is imperative within our progression as students within the field. This importance has been clearly emphasized through the whole year of the Cruddas Park redevelopment project constantly examining and exploring the methods of sustainability available within the current industry. I learnt the importance of not only tackling the materials you choose but the locations from which they arrive from, embodied carbon playing a huge role in the selection of my materials. The analysis of the Cruddas Park site as a studio was a great starting place for the development of the site, but the later historic research that I conducted for the development of my facades showed me a deeper level of reading that would have been more informative during the beginning stages of the project. My stage three experience taught me to have confidence within myself, and to not compare my own work within the others. This year has informed me that the context of the site can hugely inform the architectural design that goes into a project but its is not something to try and rewrite either it is crucial to be sympathetic to the context whilst also trying to improve elements of a location. This year has also helped me to inform my own position within the wider architectural practise, it has reassured me that my own social and political stance are important within my architectural design and place within the architectural practise. I feel like this final year of my undergraduate degree has refused my passion I have for the subject and has cemented my want to continue in pursuing my architectural career and dreams.

REMEDIAL HOUSING FOR ARCHITECTS “Architecture or, more precisely, space affects and effects social relations in the most profound ways, from the very personal (in a phenomenological engagement with stuff, space, light, materials) to the very political (in the way that the dynamics of power are played out in space). Adopting the feminist maxim (“the personal is political”) buildings conjoin personal space and political space. ... The key political responsibility of the architect lies not in the refinement of the building as static visual commodity, but as a contributor to the creation of empowering spatial, and hence social, relationships in the name of others.” Awan, N., Schneider , T., and Till, J., (2011) Spatial Agency, p59 Remedial Housing for architects focuses on the monotonous production of housing estates cultivated on the edges of cities within the UK. The homogeneity of these developments leads us to question the conformist and compliant role that architecture is taking and its manifestation of societal power relations. This is an opportunity in which an alternative social order can be imagined. Following an analysis of the social, cultural, and aesthetic characteristic that form the modern constructs of housing this along with the current climate crisis declaration, will be used to establish a manifesto which will sit as the core foundation for the creation of an alternative housing model located within Newcastle.

During primer I focused on exploring the characteristics of typical housing environments through newcastle based case study ‘Great Park’ an archetypal suburban estate within the UK. By analysing Great Park through the elemental approach of fascia’s, I formed a rich understanding of the suburbs and the spatial characteristics of these new housing developments as well as the implications that generic housing forms have on relationships from the readings about the work/home life balance. The study of Great Park leads to a prominent manifesto that would be achievable to follow throughout the design process, but this could have been more coherently presented during the exhibition, the need to set out a clearer route to the studio manifesto not only verbally but visually would have tied the primer project together as a whole.

KEY = New Work

Headings follow the page numbers to clarify pages of work which were submitted for ARC3013 Intergrated Technology

SUBURBS American Dream / Housing Crisis / Grenfell Tragedy Values / Consumerism / Homogeneity

Definition - an outlying district of a city, especially a residential one. The image of a typical suburban landscape is something we are all familiar with. The American Dream image grained into our heads of cute repetitive houses with picket fenced gardens seems surreal in comparison to the current state of the Housing Crisis within the UK. In the wake of the Grenfell tragedy that has taken centre stage in architecture its more prevalent that ever that there needs to be new perspective taken on the production of housing in the UK. Making sure that the values we place on housing is taking the forefront in design, not the consumerism principles which lead to low quality housing only good for a profit. Our primer project began with an analysis of this stereotypical suburban landscape and the homogeneity that surrounds it.

NEWCASTLE GREAT PARK Newcastle Great Park is a suburb located 4 miles north of Newcastle Upon Tyne city centre. Currently still under development it was once a piece of green belt land with planning development for 2500 homes. The 30-year building project has scope for over 4000 homes before 2030. This project has attracted a great deal of attention on both the positive and negative side. The housed built are incredibly popular with both companies on site selling the â&#x20AC;&#x153;American Dreamâ&#x20AC;? well. On the other hand, the lack of infrastructure to support these houses almost 19 years on is agitating the cur-rent residents who were promised a community to return home to. The analysis of these homes was our starting point for the studio, picking apart the aesthetics of Great Park to form our studio manifesto on suburban housing. Each member of the studio was given a stereotypical feature of housing to analyse breaking down what makes a Great Park house.

ANALYSIS Analysing Great Park’s planning documents began to highlight how important the aesthetic of these houses are to the developers. Phrases such as “Strong Frontage” and “Urban Zone” lead you to begin to understand the though process behind the development of Great Park. Each house type has a name to them such as “The Westminster” and “The Harrington” and each come with different styles of fascia’s and materials. The gimmick of naming houses dates back to when the wealthy named their castles, trying to bring that luxury of owning a house into the 21st century.

FASCIA Fascia was the architectural feature I was appointed, from here it was important that I knew the history behind fascia’s; there uses, prevalence and how its manufactured, this would help me analyse the reasoning for the different styles of fascia within Great Park.

My analysis broke down into the surrounding elements of the fascia’s, researching into the materials used and their sustainability. Critically reflecting on the once Green Belt land that had stood before it to see if the corporate developers had thought about the environmental impacts of their project.

THE HARRINGTON FASCIA MODEL Modelling the fascia and its surrounding elements helped understand how these features work together to create an important aesthetic within the Great Park houses.

THE WESTMINSTER FASCIA MODEL Each fascia brough its own style to each of the different character houses, some very bold and bright whilst some were narrower. Giving the illusion to the buyers that their house is â&#x20AC;&#x153;uniqueâ&#x20AC;? as it sits on its own aesthetically within the street.

WORK/HOME The balance between work life and home life has never been so important, and the current circumstances only emphasise the issues raised in Production/Reproduction and Space, Buildings, and the life worlds of homebased workers. These two texts go over the history behind working from home and the activities that once took place there to the modern-day life of the home worker stating that current residential houses are not equipped to handle the modern-day workers. Very few houses have a separate space to work in, this means the barriers between working and home life have become blurred placing pressure on our social and family lives. Also, the few who have a designated space to work from home often feel it is not equipped with the right design or space to be productive from home. Many practical jobs where there is a workshop needed or public contact often means a dark damp garage or a upper floor study, neither practical for their daily uses.

16/10/2019

Harvard Design Magazine: Production/Reproduction: Housing beyond the Family

Harvard Design Magazine

No. 41 / Family Planning ESSAY

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Production/Reproduction: Housing beyond the Family Pier Vittorio Aureli, Martino Tattara

SUSTAINABILITY Breaking down the model elements further to research in depth into the environmental advantaged and disadvantages to each feature surrounding the fascia. To critically analyse how much thought was going into why they picked each product and highlight areas where they either lacked or had sufficiently thought about the effects of their material choices.

The need for a suitable working space from home is imperative not only for those who work from home but as a hobby space and also for school children, a designated productive zone that is accessible and comfortable. Additionally it highlights that the though process that goes into housing hasn’t changed since the 1800’s, the modern life of the 21st century isn’t fit for the homogeneous plans.

This would then be curated into a poster format for our primer exhibition where the studio would declare the manifesto.

Dogma, axonometry of a transformed office park in Zellik, Belgium, 2015.

EMBODIED CARBON After researching into each of the 6 elements surrounding the fascia, it became clear that there had been a level of compromise within the material elements on the project built on the green belt land.

ILLUSTRATION

The bricks, tiles and facia and guttering are UK based so had little Carbon Emissions embodied within the transportation to the site. Eurocell is the most sustainable with recycling playing huge role in the PVC elements.

Chemical formula for plastic

The Marley tiles and Forterra bricks all have BREEAM ratings as well as Sustainability targets but the process of clay bricks and concrete automatically embody lots of carbon emissions. The compromise comes within the render and fibre cement boards as they are imported from France and the US with James Hardie cladding taking an around the world journey from California to Germany and then to the UK. The companies in charge of developing Great Park could have easily made more sustainable choices in their designs.

Production of cement

Transportation from France to England

The next challenge was to represent all the research I had done in a graphical way as a poster. Each of the pieces of research attached to the materials was transformed into a graphic to represent a piece of information. Each of the icons would then decorate each of the companies and a world hap emphasizing the distances each material had travelled on its journey to Great Park in Newcastle. The location of these materials would surprise people as you never thinking about the environmental impacts it took to create your own home. Leading to questions in how much thought developers take in selecting their materials especially during the current climate crisis. As architectural designers it is imperative, we think about the implications of our material choices when designing.

EXHIBITION Our studio exhibition was formed to look like a protest, the political stance our studio took with the manifesto. Each manifesto point transformed into a protest poster highlighting our objection and disapproval of new modern housing. The centre feature consists of a redeveloped version of Great Park to fit the criteria of our studio manifesto, with the architectural feature models suspended from above. Surrounding this was our posters on the housing features we were given, such as parks, doors, gardens, garages, and balconies.

MANIFESTO

sustainability / materials / ecology / purpose personalisation / profit.

The studio manifesto consists of 11 points which we think are important to the architectural designing of housing within the 21st century. These points were formed from the outlook we had on Great Park. The both positives and negatives we took from the studio analysis of great park, such as perfect green lawns not being enough space for ecology, poor materiality choices in context of the wider climate crisis along with the house prices and sizes throughout . Each point in white is followed by a short explanation on the manifesto statement often suggestions or questions on how we would change the current features of the housing suburbs. Main themes started to gather from the production of the manifesto. Focus on sustainability through lasting design, materials and ecology and also designing specifically for a target client giving homes purpose, personalisation and putting people before profit.

MARMALADE LANE Marmalade Lane, Cambridge was the location of the UK fields trip. This was the key precedence in developing my design for Cruddas park. The co-housing group K1 who runs marmalade lane created a site which embodies all of the studios manifesto points, from the personalisation of housing to create to integrate and green means more than grass. The sense of community that marmalade lane created through these architectural moves was the type of progression that Cruddas Park needed to see to be able to form a community on site and form relationships with the wider community. Within my design the features of sky lights, communal living areas and gardens and pedestrianised streets at marmalade lane all played large parts in the development of my neighbourhood. These areas are the focal point of my connections between the neighbourhood, the communal areas provide space for communities to gather, and the pedestrianised streets provided a safer space for playing and walking around the site. In reflection marmalade lane was a great precedent to be able to develop my topic of relationships but there could have been more bolder architectural moves made to push my design even further.

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MARMALADE LANE Marmalade lane is located in Orchard Park, an urban extension to north Cambridge built from the early 2000s but the site was left derelict after the 2008 recession meant the sale of the site fell through. It is Cambridge’s first cohousing development by Architects Mole, it consists of 42 custom-build and communityled houses, with shared spaces and communal facilities, it was designed to foster community spirit and sustainable living which were important to the cohousing members. The site includes spaces such as shared gardens as the focal space of the community, with areas for growing food, play, socialising and quiet contemplation, and a flexible ‘common house’ with a play room, guest bedrooms, laundry facilities, meeting rooms, and a large hall and kitchen for shared meals and parties, plus workshop and gym. Each house is unique to its residences with brick, type of doors and layout all being customised for each house. Architects: Mole Architects Construction cost £8.3 million Construction cost per m2 £1,930 Area: 4300.0 m2 Abbey McGuire - Site and Threshold Georgina Walker - Typology and Structural Strategy Ziyad Hasanen - Programme and Environmental Strategy

SITE MASSING

Marmalade lane is located on the outskirts of Cambridge, with links to the city centre though public transport and cycling. It is located in a site that was previously blank, this meant that any housing forms with little constrictions could be produced. The Massing at Marmalade was key to the way the cohousing community wanted to live, the need for intimate spaces that would bring together a collective to form a community was the basis for this project. A communal garden was prioritised to be at the centre of the site, south facing and large enough to house the many activities within the cohousing group, this meant that the houses were pushed to the edge of the site, creating intimate spaces between the lane of houses where back gardens faces front doors.

ROADS

SURROUNDING BUILDINGS

MARMALADE LANE

SITE CONTEXT MASSING SHOWING THE PROXIMITY OF THE SURROUNDING BUILDINGS TO MARMALADE LANE.

The site is located within a housing estate so has a close proximity to its neighbours, it does not impose over the surrounding buildings, the scale and proximity are key to its relationship with the surrounding neighbourhood.

This site layout meant that noise from the busy surrounding road travels easier with no building to muffle it, a compromise the cohousing were willing to take to be able to have that landscaped space.

Residential Storage Landscaping Communal Area SITE MASSING SHOWING THE FORMS WITHIN THE SITE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO EACH OTHER.

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SITE

LANDSCAPING

NOISE

The priority for shared living was key to the cohousing project, for these landscaped spaces to provide a heart to the new community, the open landscaping faces south for the best capture of the sun which is needed for the productive garden used as a communal vegetable patch.

The open communal gardens need to be south facing came at a compromise that it would be exposed to the noise of the busy road and close proximity bus route that surrounds the cohousing.

There is also a common garden plus storm water catchment and an overflow car park to meet the councils parking standards, which has been provided on a green area with rubber grip overlay to provide structure for the cars. The grass spills out from the community centre set in the heart of the massing. There was a need to provide a biodiversity on the site as it used to be a field, this shows around the whole site with various types of plating in peoples gardens and within the street.

1 Productive Garden 2 Overspill Car Park 3 Storm Water Catchment 4 Common Garden

S T U D Y

SKETCH OF THE SURROUNDING MAIN ROAD WITH BUS AND CAR ROUTES.

MASSING SHOWING THE PROXIMITY OF THE MAIN ROAD AND BUS ROUTE TO THE SITE.

SITE SECTION SHOWING THE PROXIMITY AND NOISE TRAVEL FROM THE MAIN ROAD TO MARMALADE LANE.

SKETCH OF VIEW FROM BALCONY OF COMMUNITY CENTRE.

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Marmalade Lane Main Road Bus Lane

SITE PLAN SHOWING THE LANDSCAPING WITHIN THE SITE AND SUN PATH IN JULY

All storage buildings, such as bike or bin storage all have a green roof for biodiversity. The evidence of this green way of thinking is seen throughout the site with many houses or apartments choosing to add their own plants within their front and back gardens.

The single fence does not prevent the noise from traveling but the residents felt that placing another set of houses would compromise the atmosphere and light into the gardens.

PANORAMA SHOWING BUS LANE, MAIN ROAD AND MARMALADE LANE.

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THRESHOLD

DOORS

GARDENS

Thresholds were important in Marmalade lane as the relationships between residents is key so the small details within the thresholds made a difference to the way that people interact with each other from the gardens to the front doors.

One of the key thresholds within marmalade lane is back gardens and front doors being within a close proximity of each other within the pedestrianised street. These back gardens are very open with low to little fencing, which often provides a view straight into the back of the resident’s houses. This provides a very open and intimate relationship to the street and to the opposing resident’s doors that face these gardens.

Marmalade Lane was made to the specification of the residents, they had personalisation within all aspects of the housing. This means that each house is individual and fully customised to each resident, this can then also be changed at a later date to the specifications of the next resident to move in.

Each physical threshold is soft, no big steps or boundaries separating each section, this Is also shown throughout the whole site and into the communal gardens.

The front door was a key aspect for the architect’s mole; they highlighted the significance of the threshold between the door and outside making a point to say that when someone is at your front door they should never be stood in the rain, which led to an inset front door.

PRODUCTIVE GARDEN THRESHOLD

BACK GARDEN TO STREET THRESHOLD

GARDEN PATH TO PEDESTRIAN STREET

The residents then got to personalise their door with choices of style and colour, this has then been further personalised with plants, bikes and personal accessories.

ILLUSTRATIONS SHOWING THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOOR AND BRICK WITHIN MARMALADE LANE.

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PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING THE RESIDENTS PERSONALISING THEIR THRESHOLD OF THE FRONT DOOR, WITH PLANTS, CHALK COLOURED BRICKS AND PERSONAL ITEMS.

SITE SECTION SHOWING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BACK GARDEN, PEDESTRIAN STREET AND FRONT DOOR.

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THRESHOLD BEFORE + AFTER GROUND FLOOR PLAN HIGHLIGHTING KEY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

TYPOLOGY

The site before was called K1 and was owned by Cambridge City Council, , it was supposed to be developed in 2008 but was left empty after the sale of the site to a house builder fell through in the recession.

ACTIVE SPACES ENGAGING WITH CIRCULATION ROUTES:

OLDER WOMEN’S COHOUSING

R50 BERLIN

NAME: Older Women’s Cohousing

NAME: R50 Cohousing

LOCATION: North London

SITE PLAN SHOWING ORCHARD PARK BEFORE MARMALADE LANE MARMALADE LANE VIEW FROM COMMUNITY CENTRE BALCONY

Later the Council then agreed to work with the Cohousing. An open developer competition was held to find a developer to translate K1 Co-housing’s vision and brief into a deliverable scheme.

THE FIRST TO THE SIXTH FLOOR PLANS:

SCALE: 19 apartments ARCHITECT: HEIDE & VON BECKERATH

DESCRIPTION: OWCH is a group of

DESCRIPTION: R50 also has socialisation

women over fifty who have created their own community in a new, purpose-built block of flats as an alternative to living alone.

PARKING AT THE PERIMETER OF THE SITE:

Similarly to Marmalade Lane, the common house is kept towards the front of the scheme as an entrance point and also closest to the parking which is kept at the perimeter of the site (see ground floor plan and diagrams).

Floor Plan source (ed. Author): https://publicaccess.barnet.gov.uk/online-applications/ files/1EDD76200EA6B66029381AFEC869190C/pdf/B_02303_12-120601_ plans_issue_MR.pdf-265066.pdf Photograph source: https://www.theurbanadvisory.com/10-themes-of-collaborative-urbanism/

EXPOSED STRUCTURAL WALLS WITH FLEXIBLE INTERIOR PARTITION WALLS:

COMMON HOUSE AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE SITE:

LOCATION OF CLOSED PANEL TIMBER STRUCTURE:

TIMBER FRAME WALL BUILD UP: Timber frame (195x45mm and 600mm verticals)

CLOSED PANEL TIMBER FRAME

Trivselhus uses Climate Shield technology which involves sustainably sourced wood and recyclable raw materials. Closed panel construction is based around a ‘fabric first’ approach, which involves getting the most out of the construction materials from the outset of a design process instead of relying on more costly technologies as an after thought. In this case this approach means that a large amount of insulation is needed (240mm) as shown in the wall build up diagram on the far right of the page.

and connection as a key design approach as shown by the open shared balconies that wrap around the building and flats (centre image). However, the residents involved in this scheme were more varied than the OWCH residents, much like the Marmalade Lane intergenerational residents. Therefore a degree of flexibility was needed for the dwellings in order to satisfy everyone’s requirements.

NORTH EAST VIEW:

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY Marmalade Lane employs a fully prefabricated structure across the scheme. Closed Panel Timber Frame by Trivselhus is used for the terraces and CLT by Eurban is for the apartment block and common house.

LOCATION: Berlin

SCALE: 25 units ARCHITECT: PET Architects

However, a key design approach for this scheme was to maintain socialisation for the individuals, therefore keeping the active spaces of the dwellings in contact with circulation routes meaning that residents remain connected even if it’s just waving at a neighbour (top right diagram).

SHARED BALCONIES:

TYPOLOGY

The main structure was designed and left in an almost ‘unfinished ‘ state and then the residents were able to design their dwellings however they wanted with partition walls (top right image) and finishes. This can be seen in the image on the left of the page that highlights the flexible partition walls and how they fit within the main structure.

VIEW OF R50 FROM GROUND LEVEL:

Timber frame + 240mm Insulation + 15mm OSB

ON SITE CONSTRUCTION OF TIMBER PANELS:

hotograph source: https://www.elliottwood. co.uk/projects/marmalade-lane-cambridge Site drawing (ed. Author): https://applications. greatercambridgeplanning.org/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=documents&keyVal=ZZZY1JOITV103

Photographs source: https://www.archdaily. com/593154/r50-nil-cohousing-ifau-und-jeskofezer-heide-and-von-beckerath/ Floor Plans source (ed. Author): https://simonprize.org/r50-cohousing/sheet

Black hatched walls Orange hatched wallsOrange dashed line-

Timber frame with insulation + brick cladding

This scheme benefits from factory assembly of the panels where each section is coded for straightforward assembly, with a house taking only 2 days to assemble on site. Pre installed windows and doors etc. also reduce the labour force needed on site which further increases the speed.

Interior: 13mm chipboard + VCL + 12.5mm plasterboard +finish

CONSTANT FLEXIBLE 1 DWELLING

Georgina Walker Case study pages STRUCTURAL STRATEGY

LOCATION OF CLT STRUCTURE:

EXPOSED STRUCTURE UNDER THE BALCONY:

CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER

VIEW OF COMMUNAL GARDENS

Site drawing and section (ed. Author): https:// applications.g reatercambridgeplanning. org/online-applications/applicationDetails. Tab=documents&keyVal=ZZZY1JOITV103

ELEVATIONS OF WHAT WOULD HAVE STOOD PRE RECESSION

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WINDOW RECESS FOR FUTURE EXPANSIONS:

Each household selected one of five ‘shell’ house or flat types and then could customise them with a selection of floor plans (open plan, 1 storey or 2 storey etc.), fittings and one a four external brick claddings (middle right image).

CLT (cross laminated timber) is an engineered wood made from cross orientated layers of solid wood that are glued together. This can be seen in the top right photo where the design of the balcony intentionally left this cross sectional view exposed.

MONTAGE OF SITE PARK BEFORE MARMALADE LANE SITE PLAN AND STREET VIEW

TERRACE HOUSE OPTIONS WITH HIGHLIGHTED FLEXIBLE NON LOAD BEARING INTERIOR WALLS:

FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES AND PERSONALISATION

As previously stated CLT is used for the flats and the common house. This allows for the large open plan areas and double height rooms in this building.

Due to the versatility of the product, CLT can be left exposed (as shown in the bottom right photo of the common house). This can benefit the internal environment as is can help regulate indoor climates which in helpful for this double height space. However, a post occupancy evaluation found that the lack of plasterboard (which absorbs sound) meant that there was echo in the space which was often used for meetings, therefore sound absorbing boards had to be installed by the residents to combat this issue.

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY

STRUCTURE OF THE INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR FLAT WALLS:

CLT EXPOSED INSIDE WITH ADDITIONAL ACOUSTIC ABSORBERS:

This custom-build process enabled households to meet their own requirements without the risks or complexities of self-builds. Therefore balancing personalisation with a visually cohesive architectural style (bottom image). In order to maintain the cohesion in the future, window recesses were designed in the houses that didn’t opt for a second storey to mirror the neighbouring properties that did (top right image). This ‘shell’ house approach meant that load bearing walls were at the perimeter and the internal walls were partition walls (top left image). This meant the internal arrangement could be changed in the future, offering a flexibility also found in the R50 Berlin scheme. Floor Plans (ed. Author): https://www. molearchitects.co.uk/projects/housing/k1-cambridge-co-housing/ Elevation : https://applications.greatercambridgeplanning.org/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=documents&keyVal=ZZZY1JOITV103

CLADDING OPTIONS:

CLADDING VARIATIONS ELEVATION VISUAL:

VIEW OF MARMALADE LANE PEDESTRIANISED STREET

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PROGRAMME

PEOPLE AT THE HEART OF THE PROCESS

CREATING SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES

COMMON HOUSE SPACES

Marmalade Lane is one of 21 co-housing communities in the UK. Homes are arranged in terraces which front existing streets and create a new one – Marmalade Lane – ensuring the development look outwards as well as in. The terraces enclose the large shared garden with an open aspect to the south to maximize sunlight.

Homes are arranged in terraces which front existing streets and create a new one – Marmalade Lane – ensuring the development look outwards as well as in. The terraces enclose the large shared garden with an open aspect to the south to maximize sunlight.

An admired attribute of the common spaces if the existence of irregular spaces that can be furnished in different manners and offer a functionally flexible part of the interior. Whenever possible the architects installed roof lights to provide natural lighting and atmosphere in the spaces. In addition, buildings on the site have spaces that can be accessed from the inside as well as others (storages, boat storage) that can be accessed from the outside

The task of creating our own brief was challenging at the start, the inspiration from multiple precedence’s from the architectural field trip to Cambridge; and further study into the social and political context of the site progressed the proposal. ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY

MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND LIGHTING

COMMUNITY ROLE IN SUSTAINABILITY

The contained floor plan dimensions of the houses (min. 5.8 max 7.2) allows for a visually connected internal space, while the timber frame structure and prefabricated segments allow for an open plan layout. This configuration allows for natural ventilation and air flow; when the double windows are closed (usually to block noise from the nearby highway), the Mechanical Ventilation and Heat Regulation system can ventilate and condition the interior spaces.

Marmalade’s Lane utilizes the feeling of community to promote the sustainability of the neighbourhood. The architects offered clients and users the freedom to choose their personalized houses and homes; the social spaces offer a sense of inclusivity and belonging. The limited car-accessible spaces promote the usage of cycles, and each house has bicycle racks fitted in front of it. The green spaces and garden, in addition to creating the sense of community, also help in advocating biodiversity and environmentally sustainable behaviour. Shared spaces like laundries help decrease water usage.

The contained area of houses and flats allows for natural lighting throughout the interior. The common hall in the community space is 11 metres long and the natural light is not enough, so the big roof light provides natural light and connection to the sky.

BIBLIOGRAPHY • Adrian Curtis, Marmalade Lane - Cambridge’s first cohousing project - is a triumph (2019) <https://www.cambridgeindependent. co.uk/news/marmalade-lane-cambridges-first-cohousing-project-is-a-triumph-9068915/> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• Harry Gold, The 8 Cambridgeshire roads that cause the most noise to residents (2019) <https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cambridge-news/traffic-road-a14-a1-cambridgeshire-17046104> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• Archi Tonic, MARMALADE LANE COHOUSING Cambridge, United Kingdom 2018 (2019) <https://www.architonic.com/en/project/ mole-architects-marmalade-lane-cohousing/20059375> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• JAY MERRICK, Building study: Marmalade Lane cohousing by Mole Architects (2019) <https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/ building-study-marmalade-lane-cohousing-by-mole-architects/10042125. article> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• Bethany Papworth, Inside Marmalade Lane - Cambridge’s most unusual housing estate (2019) <https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/ cambridge-news/inside-marmalade-lane-cambridges-most-16755323> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• Jessica Bridger, Don’t Call It A Commune: Inside Berlin’s Radical Cohousing Project (2015) <https://www.metropolismag.com/architecture/ residential-architecture/dont-call-it-a-commune-inside-berlin-radical-cohousing-project/> [accessed 14 May 2020]

• Brighton & Hove Community Land Trust, Planning for community-led housing: The story of Marmalade Lane, Cambridge (2019) <https://www.slideshare.net/bhclt/planning-for-communityled-housing-the-story-of-marmalade-lane-cambridge> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• Laura Mark, The miracle of Marmalade Lane (2019) <https:// thedeveloper.live/places/the-miracle-of-marmalade-lane-> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• R50 – Cohousing / ifau und Jesko Fezer + HEIDE & VON BECKERATH (2015) <https://www.archdaily.com/593154/r50-nil-cohousingifau-und-jesko-fezer-heide-and-von-beckerath/> [accessed 14 May 2020]

• Lucy Wang, Cambridge’s first co-housing development fosters sustainable living (2019) <https://inhabitat.com/cambridges-first-co-housing-development-fosters-sustainable-living/> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• R50-Cohousing, <https://simonprize.org/r50-cohousing/sheet> [accessed 14 May 2020]

• DAVID BUTLER, Marmalade Lane Co-Housing, Cambridge (2019) <https://www.brick.org.uk/bulletin/marmalade-lane> [accessed 20 November 2019]. • Elliot Wood, <https://www.elliottwood.co.uk/projects/marmalade-lane-cambridge> [accessed 14 May 2020] • Eurban, <http://www.eurban.co.uk/material-component/clt/> [accessed 14 May 2020] • George Grylls, Marmalade Lane is a co-housing exemplar that could spread (2019) <https://www.ribaj.com/buildings/co-housing-marmalade-lane-cambridge-mole-architects-george-grylls> [accessed 20 November 2019].

C A S E

S T U D Y

• Paula Pintos, Marmalade Lane Cohousing Development / Mole Architects (2019) <https://www.archdaily.com/918201/marmalade-lane-cohousing-development-mole-architects> [accessed 20 November 2019]. • Pollard Thomas Edwards, <https://pollardthomasedwards.co.uk/ projects/new-ground-cohousing/> [accessed 14 May 2020] • RIBA, Marmalade Lane (2019) <https://www.architecture.com/ awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/riba-regional-awards/ribaeast-award-winners/2019/marmalade-lane> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• Marmalade Lane (2019) <https://marmaladelane.co.uk/> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• The Urban Advisory, Edited by Greer O’Donnell and Dr Natalie Allen, 10 Themes of Collaborative Urbanism <https://www.theurbanadvisory.com/10-themes-of-collaborative-urbanism/> [accessed 14 May 2020]

• Mole Architects, <https://www.molearchitects.co.uk/projects/ housing/k1-cambridge-co-housing/> [accessed 14 May 2020]

• Town, Marmalade Lane (2019) <http://www.wearetown.co.uk/ marmalade-lane/> [accessed 20 November 2019].

• Older Women’s Cohousing <https://www.owch.org.uk/> [accessed 14 May 2020]

• Trivselhus, <https://www.trivselhus.co.uk/why-trivselhus/outstanding-performance/> [accessed 14 May 2020]

• Oliver Wainwright, Marmalade Lane: the car-free, triple-glazed, 42-house oasis (2019) <https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/ may/08/marmalade-lane-co-housing-cambridge> [accessed 20 November 2019].

Unless referenced in annotations, all photographs and illustrations belong to members of the group.

Ziyad Hasanin Case study pages

• Olivia Tusinski, Common Purpose (2019) <http://www.architecturetoday.co.uk/common-purpose/> [accessed 20 November 2019].

Choosing the topic relationships aided the masterplan development, focusing on the formal and informal spaces of encounter in between the new and existing residentials . Linking this celebration piece to the theory behind Gordon Cullen’s ‘serial vision’ that spaces should be designed from the point of view of moving people leading to the use of vignettes to explore the sites proposal. The site masterplan drawing is well explored but the wider connections to the community were lacking. Exploration of the site boundaries would have evolved the staging plans further.

CRUDDAS PARK Cruddas Park is located in Elswick, Newcastle Upon Tyne. The site consists of an existing 1960’s shopping podium and underground carpark which sits below Cruddas Park House a 23-storey residential tower block. The lower of the site sits a park and an additional 5 tower blocks which were refurbished in 2006 along with the rest of the site. Cruddas Park has a dramatic topography, it sloped down towards the River Tyne starting at 60m above sea level down to 32.5m surrounded by industrial businesses, communal infrastructure, and residential terraced housing. Cruddas Park at the time of the site visit was busy with college students, yet it was still clear to see that there was no sense of community from the residential side of the site. The lack of open shops and ‘Hussle and bustle’ you would usually get from a shopping centre highlights the disconnected ness and poverty within the area.

Map showing the context of Cruddas Park, Elswick . Created during synthesis.

CRUDDAS PARK HISTORY The Cruddas park site has a long history of poverty and political unrest. The riots of 90’s were a repeat of the anger of the late 50’s, protesting against demolishing suitable terraced housing pushing out the poorest communities from their houses. The redevelopment of the towers back in 2006 was met with controversy. Again, newcastle council demolished 5 tower blocks and decided to rebrand Cruddas park to Riverside dene in hope of removing the stigma in the area. Yet all signs still state Cruddas Park, the renaming was not felt by the community. The Grenfell Tragedy saw Cruddas Park lit with a message explaining that the fire doors within the tower did not meet regulations, this was after the cladding had already been removed after testing to be flammable. The residents feel unsafe at all points on site this is seen by the amount of security and cameras located on site.

1960’S The site back in the 50’s consisted of rows of terraced streets, much like the ones to the north of the site currently. These terraced streets were demolished under the council reign of T. Dan Smith as they were deemed unsuitable to live in, often being referred to as the “Slums” of newcastle. The high poverty rates and unemployment meant these streets were filled with families who were living in houses that were increasingly unfit for habitation.

HEADLINES These newspaper headlines show the types of media stories that surround Cruddas Park in the mod-ern age. These highlight the poverty and unrest that surrounds the site within the west end of newcas-tle, never outliving its “slums” reputation. key words are highlighted over and over again within these articles, Gangs, Arsonist, Cocaine, Illegal, Crime, Unsafe. The challenge with this site is not only architectural but also social, political and eco-nomical. The need to provide a safe area for housing that is affordable and inclusive will play a huge part within my project. There isn’t only negative headlines with some placing emphasis on the community with new libraries and infrastructure set up, this shows that the community is there in Elswick but currently has no place on Cruddas site to show for this.

Demographic analysis by Rachel Sexton

SITE ANALYSIS

Cruddas Park: The Locality of Services Within a 10 Minute Walking Radius

The demographics of the site play a huge role in the atmosphere that surrounds the area. The council own Cruddas Tower and the 1 and 2 bed flats are the perfect for the council to place single people into rather than houses. They exploit this advantage leaving the demographics of Cruddas at a white male majority. These males are often unmarried or divorced and have almost no qualifications. This only adds to the crime rates in the area.

1. McColl’s Convenience Store 2. Cruddas Park Post Office 3. Oasis cafe 4. Boots pharmacy 5. William Hill 6. Gezena Cafe 7. Convenience Store 8. St Michael’s Church 9. St Michael’s Primary School 10. Seventh Day Adventist Church 11. Cruddas Park Early Years Centre 12. Elswick Park 13. Elswick Pool 14. PC Fix North East 15. Centre West Community Centre 16. Cruddas Park Surgery 17. The Metropolitan Bar 18. Central Hall Gospel Church 19. Hawthorn Primary School 20. Ashfield Nursery School 21. West End Youth Club 22. MA Brothers Supermarket 23. Eagles Community Arena 24. SEAT car dealership 25. Ford car dealership 26. Mechanics car garage 27. Orthotic Medical Services 28. Howdens Kitchens 29. Tool Station 30. Greggs 31. Car Wash 32. Gym Elite 33. Audi car dealership 34. Whitworth Pharmacy 35. Newcastle Central Mosque 36. Pakistan Islamic Centre 37. Eemaan Restaurant 38. Fish & Chip Shop 39. Silver Dragon Chinese Takeaway 40. NCG Educational Institution 41. Redhill Castle Nursery 42. Life Transformation Church 43. Computer Repair Service 44. Newcastle College 45. Wedding Dress Outlet Store

Surrounding the site is a hub of community including churches, youth centres, nurseries, schools, and amenities. This needs to be brought into the centre of the Cruddas site to bring the residents of Elswick onto the site.

= 10 Minute Walking Radius = Site (Cruddas Park)

Context analysis by Charlie Barratt

DESIGN INTENSIONS

CLIMATE AND ORIENTATION The climate within Elswick, Newcastle is cold, wet, and windy with on lows of 2 degrees and highs of 19. This provides an opportunity build to the passive house standard with the residential dwellings. The rain gives opportunity for a Sustainable drainage system which could play a large role within the sites design using the steep topography . Site visits have exposed us to the issue of wind, this is a huge issue surrounding the site especially downdraft and wind tunnels created by Cruddas House tower. The importance of wind on a site which contains substantial towers is crucial to the comfort of pedestrians on ground level.

1. Form connectins through out the wider community with a new pedestrianised street and the refurbishment of the Shopping Podium 2. Refurbish the existing Cruddas House Tower to create oppurtunities for social interaction. 3. Create additional terraced housing on site to intergrate a broarder demographic on site

Create an internal courtyard within the shopping center

CHALLENGES 1. Topography

the

Create cut out sections from the podium to open up street frontage

Add in horizontal terraced streets in relation to historic streets

site

Using the topography of the site to my advantage rather than hinder my design process

SITE MASSING PLANS

Place additional tower blocks on site to mirror the current towers Cutting back the podium to create an open entrance from the city to the site

2. Limitations of the existing structure Working around the limitations of the existing structure to provide interesting architectural features 3. Providing enough dwellings to rehome current and also add aditional residents Route connecting the Podium at the north of the site to the towers located at the bottom

Making sure that all the residents that currently sit on the site are appropriately rehoused in addition to new residents 4. To

design

Social

Interaction

Design spaces that will promote social interactions on site such as intimate spaces, pedestrian routes and communal facilities

Paths through the housing connecting both sides of the site

Vertical housing to shield noise to the site from the busy road

The masterplan process was diffcult to begin, with such an expansive site it was har to figure out where to begin with adding new residential elements. The challenge with the existing podium was to connect it to the wider community and site. The addition of horizontal streets or new towers did not utilize the site to its full potential often feeling like it was cutting more people off rather than bringing them in. Connective routes through the site are key to providing an accessible site for the community. Open pedestrian routed provide opportunities for connections and social interaction. Further research into the shape of the housing forms would excel the interconnectivity.

Site sections by Rachel Sexton

SOCIAL HOUSING BERGEN Store Lungegårdsvannet Homes, Waterfront Residential Norway design by Rabatanalab, Architects The projects key focus was to reconnect and exploring transitions between land and water. The regeneration of the area into an attractive and active waterfront neighbourhood, with links to the city centre. This project explores the theme of an “adaptable city” with a theme of a selfsufficient residential district which encourages more self-organization, social relationships and culture of sharing spaces and functions. The form of this site interested me the most the V shapes of the plans creates intimate points in routes and building facades. These then open out to larger spaces for views and larger gathering. Taking inspiration from local typologies creating long housing blocks, small yards, intimate patios, privates and public spaces.

The housing typologies create gives way to flexible living this follows our studio manifesto in creating homes that would adapt to the residents though a lifetime. The diagrams of the sites programme are incredibly easy to follow, this style quickly highlights the issues that the architect is trying to address. Clearing designing to address the interconnectivity of housing, green spaces, and commercial lets. The diagrams show the use of spaces by each of the different programmes on the site.

Adding ecology by making a green roof ontop of the podium Green spaces through the centre of the site to invite people in

Green Spaces intergrated through out the housing

Curving the corners of the tower to make it look less hard and imposing on the suroundings

Do the Southern towers need redevelopment?

STREETS + ECOLOGY The streets of my new residential forms began to use this interconnectivity of programme to create a community on site. The first iterations interlocking greenspaces with housing to bring in new ecology to the site spread throughout the housing, to promote communal gardens. The shopping podium opened up to the cor-ner of the site and towards the park to create an open courtyard area for gathering, this then pro-gressed into space for an outdoor market. As the iterations developed the v shaped street formed to create the intimate spaces and communal hubs at the end of the street facing the main routes. Additionally, with a set of low-rise towers so the residents closed to the lower towers do not feel overwhelmed in comparison to their height.

Develop north of the site

Busy market area to attract shoppers

Shop frontage to create a high-street

Low rise towers to compete with the neighbouring towers Shared triangular green spaces making more intimate and relaxed zones

Varying the heights of the terraced hosing to create an interesting roof top topography Open glass shop frontage to invite customers into the comercial lets on the site

Zooming in to the smaller details within the plan is important to get a key overview of the atmosphere of the site and in tensions within my architecture. Early on I decided that the tower was too imposing within its landscape, this meant I took the route of trying to soften the tower by curving the corners, this also added to the architecture if the existing 60â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s podium. The courtyard element of the podium had been designed to be a glass facade and open to give maximum views of the site and a welcoming feeling to the public. Varying the heights of the residential buildings not only matches the fluctuating topography but also adds character to the landscape.

Entrance to shopping podium leading down to plaza level

Removal of car park level would create a level plaza Entrace straight into plaza and open fronted shops from street level Raised plaza with views over site, located on top of existing underground carpark

TOPOGRAPHY The topography of the site led to many challenges, the podium shopping centre sits at street level on one side where it is built into the landscape but then also is at street level on the opposite side on the underground car park. This led to confusion when removing the podium, the plaza level had two choices of either sitting on top of the car park or removing the car park so it would sit at street level on the south side. The decision to elevate the plaza so it sits on top of the car park creates a step free entrance at Westmoreland Road and the views over the new terraced housing to the south. In addition there is a level change from the road to the shopping entrance which has been removed by adding a green slope to soften the street frontage and make it look more aesthetically appealing.

VIGNETTE The concise townscape by Gordon Cullen talks about â&#x20AC;&#x153;opticsâ&#x20AC;? which is the view from which people see the urban landscape. These serial vision drawings give a sense of atmosphere and place to the inhabitants of the city and the urban forms. This serial vision view I used within the marmalade land case study to study the doors within the street.

SITE MODEL A site model was helpful in making sure the scale of housing was correct for the existing context. Cruddas house stands at 75m so getting the scale and density of residential housing to fit is crucial in the success of the urban landscape. These massing models are useful in understanding the space and forms created by my master plan and the topography of the site.

Taking the same view I formed a serial view up the main pedestrianised street I have created to show the atmosphere and details of my housing and tower proposals. This was created using a sketch up model and science from within to create a perspective view and was then hand draw to match the designs within my masterplan.

ECONOMICS Residential diversity is a main point within our studio manifestos, the inclusion of all diversityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in life is important to making equality within a community. The create to integrate manifesto point is crucial in adding to the very limited social demographics that sit on the site currently. The middle aged white divorced men need to be included within a broader social democratic to be able to create a community in which they can begin to develop skills and remove the years of political neglect that has led to high crime rates. Residential diversity will be the clients for this project, creating homes and flats for young people, students, families, elderly people, singles and couples. The economic model I chose for Cruddas Park is Co-operative housing. This model means that the residents of the site play a huge part in the management and running of Cruddas park. This give opportunity for fairer rent rates, communal lifestyles and for the commercial letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s to be owned by the residents on site helping them form their own business, leading to a boost in economy, employment and skills of the current social demographics on site.

RESIDENT DIVERSITY

CO-OPERATIVE HOUSING

VIGNETTE My staging celebration pieces highlights the urban strategy I have created for Cruddas Park. The strong street network is designed to form social connections throughout the site and wider neighbourhood, creating new pedestrian routes to be inhabited within the pinch points and expansion of my V shaped streets. These forms give way to create connections between neighbours in the community with use of the communal gardens throughout the site. The green landscaping brings a new form of ecology to the once empty park land space, with green roofs, wild grasses and water features. Using the topography of the sites landscape creates views over the river Tyne and helps direct people through and down the sites main pedestrian route to connect the lower towers to the main shopping podium.

Curved tower

Market

High

Terraced housing

stree

t Flats

Communal gardens

Pond Wetlands

Football pitch and bowls

Developing a design proposal from the staging research and Jan Gehlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s works was inspiring, to be able to get into the details of the urban landscape and the social and political context that formed this accelerated my ideas. The next level of detail meant these research explorations could be formed into iterations of housing plans and architectural features to manifest my aims of social connections into physical forms. There was a need to address the wider community from staging to bring the surrounding areas closer to Cruddas park, this was solved by addressing the north of the site where the existing terraced housing sits. The impact of the theory readings helped me to understand the types of drawings I should be creating, they needed to say more in the angles and styles I was creating, using colours and texture to bring the architecture to the forefront.

ROUTES RELATIONSHIPS The connections between the top and the bottom of the site need to be expanded further than Cruddas par to be able to draw in a wider sense of community. The sites boundaries does not need to mean a physical boundary between the new and old, the merging of the lines means you can bring residents down from the existing terrace of the site though the main routes leading to the towers. These main pedestrian routes are key to forming that connection to the surrounding community. Making sure that the currently closed off Cruddas frontage and boundaries feel inviting, this will only add to the atmosphere making the area feel safer.

R E A L I S A T I O N

Adding key areas within this routes helps invite visitors onto the site creating a community that Cruddas park currently does not have. The open plaza area will invite pedestrians from the city centre with views straight over the site from the corner entrance, through and down into the high street commercial frontage that has been created to connect the upper and lower halves of the site. This inventive to use the pedestrian route leads down into the new community centre in the middle of the site; an equidistant from both towers. This buzz of people coming onto the site mean that the intimate spaces of the V shaped housing forms, forces people to interact within these tight spaces.

R E A L I S A T I O N

Continuation of existing terraces

Barrier between new housing and site?

Grass slope up to roof of podium and shopping entrance Perspective view showing entrance of shopping centre next to horizontal podium housing

PODIUM HOUSING The development of the boundaries to the north of the site is crucial in bringing in that wider community that already exists within Elswick. Using the line of the existing Victorian terraces I follows these through to the top of the shopping podium, placing vertical terraced housing on the roof of the podium site. This created follow though routes and view straight into the social shopping plaza created with the cut away of the podium. The housing iterations show the terraces placed horizontally across the podium but this did not achieve the relationship between the wider side and Cruddas park, blocking of the podium from the northern terraced entirely.

R E A L I S A T I O N

Horizontal podium housing following the line of westmoreland road iteration

Vertical terraces following the path of exitsting terraces that sit to the north of the site

This new set of terraced on the boundaries of the site gives Cruddas park a relationship to the streets surrounding that it preciously didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have. Using the already formed routes of the Victorian terraces created the perfect public aisles into the Cruddas site. Not only does this connect the wider areas but also created an exciting frontage to the shopping centre, the link between the busy city route of Westmoreland Road and Cruddas site opens up to public using the streets and ecology to draw people into the once empty shopping podium.

R E A L I S A T I O N

Highgate New Town Highgate New Town located in Hampstead Heath, London it was produced by Camden Architects Department. In 1966 plans for a redevelopment were formed as the existing housing was around a hundred years old. Same as Cruddas park the site was seen as unhabitable for modern living. The current scheme is high-density, but low-rise housing, these terraces are 3 and 4 story’s high but are set into the slope of the site so you do not see all level. This site also has pedestrian and vehicle routes are separated. The similarities between Highgate New Town and Cruddas Park are unprecedented, both formed under redevelopment of the 1960’s they show incredible similarities. This site highlights the density of housing that can be achieved whilst using the topography of the site. The slopes of Cruddas Park should not hinder the design but inform it. This case study has brought my attention to the levels of density needing to be achieved on Cruddas Park to provide the amount of housing needed to not only rehouse the current resident but to also create a safe area.

R E A L I S A T I O N

DENSITY The precedence of High Gate new town highlighted the need to make sure the density of the site was correct for the amount of residents to be housed, the softening of the tower lead to removal of some floors. It’s is crucial to make sure that all of the residents and commercial let’s that are currently housed have space to move to. The density of the houses is also important to make sure that they have a social relationship to their neighbours. New suburban houses often come with huge fenced gardens and wide vehicular streets providing no connections to the immediate neighbourhood. My housing design features communal garden this lets me move the housing closer than it would normally sit in a residential street, with all housing forced to commune within the shared gardens promoting a friendly and safe neighbourhood.

R E A L I S A T I O N

THINKING THROUGH MAKING Thinking through making weeks (TTMW) is an explorative model which embodies the material and tectonic qualities of my design. The theme for this week was ‘Old meets New’ this focused on the new additions we were making to Cruddas park in contrast to the existing 60’s buildings. My thought process behind this was to model the new changes to the Cruddas House tower block in contrast to the Swedish concrete modular system. Taking the curved corner design early in my staging masterplan i modelled our the new corner social spaces with their full height modern windows in contrast to the ribbed concrete of the existing stair core adjacent.

R E A L I S A T I O N

TTM EXHIBITION In reflection I feel like TTMW could have been more beneficial to my design process if I had thought in more detail about the relationships between old and new. My design progressed so far that the corner design for the tower was changed so it no longer plays a large part within my project. In hindsight the week made me realise that I had to cross these boundaries between new and old especially in the tower to make architectural statements that reflected my topic of relationships more. The further added exploration of materials using plaster of Paris to give the ribbed effect of concrete made me fall in love with the old 60’s facade on Cruddas tower sticking to the exploded concrete core right through my project.

R E A L I S A T I O N

JAN GEHL Jan Gehl’s book on life between buildings using public space talks about three types of activities. Necessary. Optional. Social. These three activities all differentiate in amounts depending on the quality of the social space, the better the physical environment the more social and “resultant” activities along with optional activities take place. Jan highlights the need for different types of outdoor spaces such as, sitting, walking and playing; complimenting our studio manifesto of green means more than grass. His analysis of gathering and inviting people shows the shapes that architectural forms should take to promote “life between buildings” I used this same principals in the formation of my plaza and the relationship this has to street level and the immediate housing. Enclosing the plaza in a corner and opening it up to the other invites people inside and increases the amount of people traveling though the site at any one time.

R E A L I S A T I O N

PROGRAMME Diagramming then complex site programme gives clarification to the opportunities I have created within my design. The addition of the terraced streets and communal spaces integrates a community throughout the whole site. The retention of part of the underground car park and podium provides commercial lets as well as down the new pedestrian high street joining the sets of two towers together.

R E A L I S A T I O N

SHOPPING PODIUM The demolition of part of the podium provides and opportunity for a raised plaza area providing spaces for markets with a panoramic view over the residential terraces to the Tyne valley. The routes are crucial to the permeability of Cruddas park, currently the facade is closed off and does not provide an active frontage to Westmoreland Road. The terraced housed to the north links vertically down the site towards the shopping podium with a direct entrance to the plaza through the podium from the terraces. All of the current amenities are retained within the podium with the movement of the college and library as well as additions such as a youth centre, Cruddas surgery and cafes. Providing an active shopping centre for the community to enjoy.

R E A L I S A T I O N

TOWER PLANS The original plans of the tower consist of 8 flats. 6, two bedroomed flats and 2, one bedroomed flats and a narrow corridor. Working with the existing structural walls meant that that it was difficult to expand the size of the flats without altering the tower structurally or with an extension. At the begining of the process I chose to add an extenion as seen in Bois-Le-Pretre to give additonal square footage and outdoor space. The towers design progressed to 5 flats and an open social space towards the south of the plan for communal gatherings within the floors of the tower. This gives an opportunity for the residents to socialise within the tower a space which they did not have before.

R E A L I S A T I O N

Social Space

The inhabitation of spaces provides life to static architecture. Filling the tower with inhabitation gives a sense of what the spaces within these altered plans feels like. The social spaces within the tower are programmed to alternate between each floor, this means that each floor within the tower has to interact with each other giving social opportunities for the inhabitants to mix between floors. No segregation between the floors where you feel out of place if you travel on a floor that your flat isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t on. The mix of social amenities such as gym, cinema, communal kitchen, workshop and laundry offer chances for communal gatherings which previously was only capable for a few seconds in the narrow corridor of the tower.

R E A L I S A T I O N

The tower plans developed over iterations, into 4 apartments per floor. The alteration of these plans allowed me to create bigger flats with 3 bedrooms, an open plan modern living area and a family sized bathroom. This allows for larger social groups within the flats themselves whether it be friends, students, couples, or families, this will stop the lonely feeling of the tower floors. The extension to the tower was scraped after some thought , it was not an option to create an expensive extension as I want to create affordable housing. This is also furthered by the changing of the social spacesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; location to the middle of the plans, this provides interaction with all 4 of the flats instead of just two. These spaces will be inhabited by the programmes within the tower. Architecturally the social spaces will be visible from the facade will full height and width windows framed in a bright yellow to signify the social spaces , this colour will then be transferred into the rest of the sites design to form a cohesive language.

R E A L I S A T I O N

moving the living area to the top floor to take advantage of the site views narrow plan with living spaces located on the ground floor

changing the location of the kitchen to form a relationship with the podium.

DWELLING FLOOR PLANS

Location of the sky lights bringing in natural light for the dark rooms at the back of the ground floor plan, these will be frosted so there still remains a sense of privacy to the bedrooms.

The iterations then changed to work with the different levels within the podium terraced housing where the kitchen is located on the 1st floor to have a relation ship to the podium. It was at this point that I changed the orientation of my terraced to be longer in width then depth. This meant that I could arrange the spaces within the dwellings more cohesively making sure there was enough space for the room types.

R E A L I S A T I O N

This is where the plan of the 1st and 2nd floor is set back to give light to the back rooms of the ground floor located against the concrete of the podium The new location of the kitchen diner provides a link between the first-floor housing and the existing concrete podium, this then changes for the rest of the modular systems on site, where the kitchen is located on the ground floor.

The first iterations of floor plans consisted of a typical terraced plan long and narrow with the living and kitchen dining space located on the ground floor followed by the subsequent floors of bedrooms and bathrooms.

This led to the change in entrance location, it took a few iterations to decide to have the entrance located to the left of the plan, this was also pushed back to create a covered entrance are as they did within Marmalade Lane, making sure no guest has to stand in the rain whilst at the door.

The living room is located on the 2nd floor to take advantage of the views across the topography of the site, this is highlighted by the yellow dormer window in the facade.

rotation of the plan led to changes in the location of the entrance and stairs

new door location and set back into facade to provide shelter

The entrance to the dwellings is set back into the facade this takes inspiration from marmalade lane where the architects mole felt like no guest should have to stand in the rain whilst at your door. The set back into the elevation provides shelter using the overhang from the floors above.

Placing the study on the ground floor gives the facade an active frontage during the day-time when usually streets would be quiet, this looks out onto the communal gardens.

These are the structural colums providing support for the two storys above that overhang.

FIRST ITERATION PLANS

R E A L I S A T I O N

DWELLING SECTION This is my terraced housing in section, the location of these houses is adjoining to the existing concrete podium. This relationship between the new and existing means that the modularity of the houses has to change to provide suitable living spaces. The first and second floor steps forward to provide space to the back of the house for a roof light to give natural light to the dark spaces at the back of the plan, these will be bedrooms. This also creates an overhang on the front facade of the house creating an architectural feature and character to the rectangular plans. The main living space is located on the top floor this means that due to the topography of the site the view from the 2nd floor is over the roofs of the opposite houses. This window is a roof and wall lantern which will be in the same architectural style as the yellow social space windows in the facade of the tower, but will signify the family living spaces within the dwellings.

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KEY SECTION This is my 1:50 section highlighting the relationship between the pedestrianised terraced streets and the existing shopping podium. The first set of houses has two street levels, one with the residential street and the other with the podium this means that both sides will have an active frontage to provide connections and safety. The first floor kitchen opens to the podium by French doors and the same for the ground floor whoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s study opens to the street.

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1:50 DWELLING MODEL Creating a 1:50 model was helpful in understanding the forms and spaces created within my dwelling, this highlights the difference in modular between the terraces. This shows the skylights inserted into the plan of the ground floor to bring light into the plan. It shows the beginning of my facade exploration showing the material qualities of the timber shingles. This showed me how important the elevation is in relation to the street atmosphere. The facade needs to be developed to create a cohesive relationship to the podium and communal gardens this will create an active frontage to the terraces.

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BORNEO SPORENBURG Borneo Sporenburg is located within the eastern part of the Amsterdam docks. The design of these dwellings exploited the relationship tot the river for water activities they created 2500 low-rise dwellings.They were formed to be new reinterpretation of the traditional Dutch canal house.West 8 the architect decided that this repeating dwelling created oppurtunity for facade exploration.Providing an animated street elevation which has a focus on the individual residents. This is inspiration for the development of my dwelling elevations to use the context and residents to form a cohestive elevation that lends itself to the history of the site and widder surroundings.

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Names of the historic streets that once lay on Cruddas Park for inspiration

Large dormer window highlights the social living space on the top floor within the elevation. This is also a reflection of the tower social space windows in yellow.

OLD PHOTOS Old photos of Cruddas Park were the inspiration for my elevation development, looking back to the old terraced streets and their long sash windows provided me with the basis for my residential facades. I wanted to connect with the history of the site to not seem like it was a new develop that was trying to erase the full history behind the site. These photos only emphasised the â&#x20AC;&#x153;slumsâ&#x20AC;? feeling that was made apparent at the beginning of the site analysis, it provided me with the motivation to make sure that I was providing dwellings that would work for the social and economic context of the area.

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ELEVATION Entrance set back into facade to provide shelter.

Decorative full length stair windows to provide constant activity to the elevation

French doors opening out from the kitchen diner to the communal gardens giving life to the street on an evening .

The development of my elevation began with the floor and ceiling levels of my dwelling from there using lines to correlate the windows in the facade to each other to create a cohesive elevation. Getting the proportions of the window correct was difficult with many iterations not feeling like they were meant for the dwelling.

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ELEVATION MATERIALS The material choices of the facades progressed from brick to timber shingles. This decision was made to reduce the amount of embodied carbon within the dwellings design, as these sustainably sources shingles carries lower amounts of carbon in every form than clay bricks which produce massive amounts of co2 at every process on their journey. I took inspiration from marmalade lane with the choices of colours for these materials the Cedar shingles will be natural and black with the ground floor clad in a vertical Cedar cladding to emphasise the height of the dwellings, this will also be available in black or natural red. The residents will get to pick their own cladding for their house from the selection, giving each home a personalised touch. This also adds character to the street elevation, making the site interesting rather than the homogeneous cladding and styles that you see within the average terraced house. This shows the elevation within the 2 story homes and 3 storey homes and the possibly combinations that are possible

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The facade at this point still did not quite feel resolved, the smaller windows within the stair were impractical and unneeded within the facade treatment. More iterations of the facade were hand drawn to show the different variations of stair core window possibilities. I decided that the dark blue iterations windows worked best for the dwelling, the window widths mirrored the widths of the adjacent windows and followed the horizontal lines across the facade this lining up meant that the facade felt well balanced.

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BACK ELEVATION This is the back facade of the dwellings, this was also important to design as the pedestrian streets all face with their front facade to the south. This means that within my V shaped streets one front facade faces a back facade of the opposite dwellings.

KEY SECTION

The many iterations of this facade were based on trying to give the back flat elevation the same architectural qualities that the front has. Variations of door, window sizes and locations then development of the materiality of the facade treatment lead to the main design shown.

This site section is key within the role of my project, it shows the relationships between Westmoreland road, the shopping podium and tower, plaza and new terraced housing. It also is a revision to show the additional terraced housing that I placed on top of the podium shopping centre to connect the top of the site to the existing terraced houses to the north.

The lower floor doors open onto a study which has direct access to the communal gardens, this is highlighted with vertical cladding like the front of the facade. this vertical cladding also then scales up the facade to the top floor, again to elongate the dwellings facade making it feel taller. The yellow windows are again mirrored within the back facade too.

Made visible is the pedestrianised streets created between my terraced housing and the location of the different housing modules. The need for a larger section to get a clearer overview of the urban strategy is apparent, along with more development of the tower facade and the communal gardens within the pedestrianised streets.

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The refinement within the synthesis project included articulating my design at a range of scales from the urban strategy to the 1:20 details showing the technical aspects of my terraced housing. The technology module propelled my design with thinking more about the sustainability opportunities within the Cruddas Park site. Many perspectives of the atmosphere within my neighbourhood design furthers my initial ideas and testing a made throughout the year, with additional precedents visited within the Leeds trip these helped motivate and fuel my passion for the project driving the details further than I had originally planned. World and personal disruptions at the end of project slowed down my progress and motivation, it was increasingly more difficult to create outputs I was proud of. But given the circumstances I feel as though I am happy where my design progressed to and feel like I have achieved all my intensions I set out at the beginning of staging.

LILAC LILAC housing is a development we visited while in Leeds they are a co-housing community which formed a Low Impact Living Affordable Community “LILAC”, their panel system isn’t a typical insulated CLT or timber panel they used straw bales and a lime render to create their highly insulated panels with a company called ModCell. LILAC captured and stores over 1,080 tonnes of atmospheric equivalent CO2 through photosynthesis during the growth of the timber and straw, they also make use of MVHR, solar panels and sharing.

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PASSIVE HOUSE CITU LEEDS

The passive house 5 criteria below stated on the passive house website can be met by using the Passive House Planning Package provided by passive house.

Citu are a property developer who specialise in tackling climate change by helping to create better city centre places to live, work and play. They are the manufacturers of CLT prefabricated panels which are then transported the very short 10-minute drive to site where they are unloaded and constructed. They want to achieve a zero-carbon city within the future. On a visit to Leeds we visited Citu and the Climate Innovation District they are developing, it was great to see the fabrication of these timber modules in person and also to see them in practise within a finished home. The standards met are incredibly near to passive house and this was noticeable in the instant warmth felt throughout the housing. They plan to build a pedestrian community with schools, parkland and community gardens. This is the type of community that I hope to create within my project. They are using 100% renewable energy at all their sites, and source materials used from within the UK.

“Each Citu Home removes 23 tonnes of CO2 atmosphere and stores it in its timber frame – that’s roughly the equivalent of the emissions created by 5 cars for a year”

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Thermal insulation All opaque building components of the exterior envelope of the house must be very wellinsulated. For most cool-temperate climates, this means a heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of 0.15 W/(m²K) at the most, i.e. a maximum of 0.15 watts per degree of temperature difference and per square metre of exterior surface are lost. Passive House windows The window frames must be well insulated and fitted with low-e glazing’s filled with argon or krypton to prevent heat transfer. For most cooltemperate climates, this means a U-value of 0.80 W/(m²K) or less, with g-values around 50% (g-value= total solar transmittance, proportion of the solar energy available for the room).

Dwelling Section showing wall thickness and insulation

Dwelling Section showing Air tight Membrane enclosing the house

Passive house is a standard of comfort for residents that is focused on using the lowest amount of energy possible to heat and cool the building, they are built with meticulous attention to design and construction standards made by the German institute

Section showing passive house standard triple glazed window

passive house european standards (Institute, P., 2020.)

“A Passivhaus is a building in which thermal comfort can be achieved solely by post-heating or postcooling the fresh air flow required for a good indoor air quality, without the need for additional recirculation of air.” - Passivhaus Institute (PHI)

Ventilation heat recovery Efficient heat recovery ventilation is key, allowing for a good indoor air quality and saving energy. In Passive House, at least 75% of the heat from the exhaust air is transferred to the fresh air again by means of a heat exchanger. Airtightness of the building Uncontrolled leakage through gaps must be smaller than 0.6 of the total house volume per hour during a pressure test at 50 Pascal (both pressurised and depressurised). Absence of thermal bridges All edges, corners, connections and penetrations must be planned and executed with great care, so that thermal bridges can be avoided. Thermal bridges which cannot be avoided must be minimised as far as possible.

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GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP A Vertical piled Ground Source heat pump will be used to heat the dwelling in the cold winter months, this system can also be reversed to provide cooling within the summer months. A system is still needed to heat a passive house with a space heating energy demand of <15kWh per square metre of living space per year compared to the average UK figure of 55kWh/m2/yr.

Akvaterm AkvaGeo Heat Pump Thermal Store

The choice of a ground source heat pump was made on the notes that they are more efficient than the air source heat pumps, they have low running costs and are highly efficient. The vast site would have been an opportunity to provide horizontal piping for each dwelling in conventional housing but the close proximity of the terraced and density of the housing means it would be more efficient to have a borehole system.

Section showing Mechanical Heat Recovery Ventilation within the dwellings

MECHANICAL HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATION 1 Warm stale air is extracted from kitchens and bathrooms and is sent back to the heat recovery unit. 2 Fresh air is drawn into the heat recovery unit from outside. 3 The heat from the warm stale air is extracted the used to heat the fresh air without the air streams coming into contact with each other. 4 The warm fresh air is sent to the lived-in areas such as bedrooms, studys and living rooms.

5 The exhaust stale air is removed from the heat recovery unit and sent outside

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Plan showing Mechanical Heat Recovery Ventilation within the dwellings

A mechanical heat recovery ventilation system is needed to meet the requirements of the passive house standards, the system provides a constant supply of fresh filtered air, whilst keeping in the energy that has already been used in heating from the GSHP. The system works by supplying air to the lived-in rooms whilst extracting stale air from places such as bathrooms and kitchens. The extracted air from these stale aired rooms provides heat which is recovered through the heat exchanger and transferred into the fresh air to keep the building warm, this also works when the building is cooler inside than outside.To meet the passive house criteria a minimum 75% of the heat from the exhausted air must be used to heat the fresh inflowing air while the electricity use for the system should not exceed 0.45 Wh/mÂł of the transport air volume.

Borehole system

- Axonometric diagram of Ground Source Heat Pump showing locations of borehole piping, Pump and Water storage.

The ground source heat pumps used the heat produced with the suns warming of the earth to warm the water and antifreeze solution that is circulated within the pipes in the ground, this is then transported back into the dwelling and stored in use for heating throughout the house. The passive house timber modules will reduce the amount of heat needed to warm the dwelling producing a more effective and environmentally friendly system all while being powered by the green energy produced from the PV panels located on the roof.

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SOLAR ORIENTATION

Solar panel diagram showing the location of PV panels on the green roof of dwellings Internal dwelling wiring Mains grid wiring

These will function both as PV and solar thermal panels, for a mix of green energy and hot water for residents use as well as to provide added support to GSHP which will supply underfloor heating for the summer months as Solar thermal panels can achieve a higher temperature of 60 degrees in order to kill legionella bacteria in hot water storage which would be safe to use throughout the house.

Sun paths of the Cruddas Park site

Diagram showing Summer sun rays into the dwelling without solar shading

PASSIVE HOUSE SOLAR SHADING

Diagram showing winter sun rays into the dwelling without solar shading

Diagram showing Summer sun rays into the dwelling with solar shading, significantly reducing the amount of direct sunlight

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The Bauder Biosolar green roof PV system provides an opportunity to keep the green roof of the dwellings to increase biodiversity and ecology whilst still providing energy. These panels sit 300m at the lowest point to provide the vegetation with enough room and sun to grow freely without blocking the polycrystalline solar cells which would otherwise reduce the output and efficiency of the solar panels.

Diagram showing winter sun rays into the dwelling with solar shading not hindering the amount of sun during the colder months

Solar shading within passive house is imperative within the summer months, the super insulated walls and south facing façade can quickly lead to a house overheating in the summer months making it uncomfortable for residents. While trying to maintain natural light coming into the dwellings it is the best option to prove shading in brise-soleil’s, louvres and overhangs. These will be located on the front south facing façade and will provide enough shade to stop the sun within the summer months but not hinder the sun within the winter months as this is key to keeping the passive house warm. For the Dormer window blinds and solar controlled glass which will allow sunlight to pass through a window or façade while radiating and reflecting away a large degree of the sun’s heat.

Solar orientation is the most important component to a successful passive house design. The south facing façade plays a huge role in the heating of the building, by harvesting the sun within Solar Panels. These are important in order to use green energy within the dwellings instead of powering the sustainable systems with CO2 embodied energy from the mains. These solar panels will provide energy and hot water per household, each dwelling having their own access to solar thermal and green energy.

section showing location of solar panels on the green roof of dwellings

Axonometric diagram of Solar Panel functions showing location of Solar wiring within the dwelling and mains

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FLOOR PLAN ITERATIONS the next progression for my dwelling floor Plans was the change from the podium modules to the other terraced houses that are located within my design. These do not have a relationship to the existing podium on 2 levels, they only have a relationship to the communal gardens on ground level. The first alteration was the style of stairs to create a landing area on the stairs, creating a relationship to the street frontage throughout the whole elevation of the dwelling. The plans then altered from the podium the, on ground floor sits a study and open plan kitchen dining. First floor is 3 bedrooms and a family bathroom, followed by the top floor which consists of the social living area, another bedroom and another bathroom.

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These are my final iteration of floor plans, the plan was widened from the previous iterations to make the spaces meet the national living standard, the floor space previously was quite tight. This mean the floor plans widened from 7.5m to 9m. The difference between the 3 bedroom and 4 bedroom house changed too. There is now a 2nd floor to the 3 bedroom terraced this means that they still have the social living room highlighted within the facade with the view over the terraces, it also creates a roof terrace area thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sits where the previous bedroom and bathroom would have been.

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REPRESENTATION Relating back to my theory into practise essay it was crucial to make sure that I choose the best form of representation to diagram my floor plans. I started by creating a sketch up model from which I took a perspective birds eye view from I felt like this was the best way to Inhabit my floor plans to give an accurate sense of the spaces created within the dwellings. I then drew over these render to give a hand drawn dynamic and life to the sketch up renders.

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PODIUM TERRACE SECTION

4 BEDROOM TERRACE SECTION

3 BEDROOM TERRACE SECTION

To communicate the different housing types throughout my site, these are most clearly visible within section. This section highlights the terraced housing that is in contact with the existing podium. The section clearly highlights the extra metre placed onto the black of the lower floor plan to give space for the roof light bringing natural light into the once dark back bedrooms.

This is a section of the 4 bedroomed terraced housing modules, showing the technical build-up of the passive house modular system. The section cuts through the kitchen dining space up to the living area highlighting the window dormer feature that has been mirrored from the tower.

This is a section of the 3 bedroomed terraced housing modules, taken through the entrance of the dwelling up to the terraced garden created. It shows the technical build-up of the passive house modular system and architectural feature of the retracted front door.

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TERRACED HOUSE FLOOR PLANS

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Study interior perspective

Entrance hall perspective

Study perspective showing the relationship to the communal garden outside

Perspective of Kitchen diner with french doors opening out onto communal garden

INTERIOR PERSPECTIVES These are the interior perspectives of the terraced dwellings showing the atmosphere created within these spaces.

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Perspective of feature dormer window within the living space of the terraced housing.

Perspective of the kitchen diner from the communal gardens looking through the french doors of the terraced house.

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Living room perspective

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WINDOW PERSPECTIVE Atmospheric perspective of the view from the dormer window within the living area lowest set of terraced housing. This view overlooks the sustainable drainage wetlands and Tyne valley located to the south of the site.

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STREET ELEVATION The terraced elevation shows the detail within the facade, the parapet, depths of windows and sills and additional solar shading for the French doors. It also highlights the material quality of the facades and how these complement each other. This is a street elevation showing the possible combinations of dwelling types and cladding materials. This also emphasises the topography of the site, showing the natural fall of Cruddas Park landscape, this meant that pairing the doors of dwellings together would increase the amount of construction needed to form this street, to either raise or lower the topography considerably. This elevation also highlights the raised garden platforms at are associated with each terrace. I chose to do this as most residents still like to have their own private space to place personalisation to their property. This raised garden means that each section is private from the communal garden but does not cut of the active frontage by keeping garden walls very low.

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STREET ATMOSPHERE The atmosphere between my terraced streets is key to creating a community within the neighbourhood. These lie at the centre of my urban plan. The shared gardens promote a sociable lifestyle, this means that there needs to be sufficient infrastructure in place for residents to be able to use the space. As shown by Jan Gahl and our studio manifesto â&#x20AC;&#x153;green means more than grassâ&#x20AC;?. These communal garden spaces are filled with opportunities for social gatherings and ecological growth. Play-grounds, allotments, wild grasses, tree clusters, water features and picnic spaces are only some of the activates spread across the shared gardens within the site.

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TOWER ELEVATION The tower elevation was redesigned to correspond to the new dwellings facades and to match the redevelopment within the tower itself. For this elevation I took the colours used within the terrace facades to create iterations to connect to the rest of the site. I tried to keep to the aesthetic of the strip windows of the 60’s as for it not to seem like we are erasing the history of the tower. I did this by making these strip windows wider and taller, additionally I added in feature full length windows within the social spaces in the centre yellow frames, the flats living spaces adjacent and the master bedroom windows on the end.

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TOWER FLOOR PLANS These are my final inhabited tower floorplans showcasing the social activities that are spread throughout the height of the tower. The dance studio, offices and spare bedrooms are the key features within the tower that will increase the social interaction between the neighbours and floors in the tower. This “vertical high-street” creates integration between the floors of the tower forming a lively community between residents.

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SHOPPING PODIUM FLOOR PLAN This is the final shopping podium floor plans, displaying the commercial lets within the podium nd its relationship to the verious residential dwellings within the site.

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1:200 SITE SECTION

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1:200

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1:50 SECTION This 1:50 section highlights the relationships formed within the architectural design of the urban landscape. The communal gardens promote a social lifestyle between neighbours whilst adding to a healthy lifestyle with additional ecology and biodiversity benefits. This section shows the layers of ground build up needed to provide for these ecological spaces, the depths for tree planting and sediment build up for the sustainable urban drainage systems. This section also displays the relationship between the new and existing. The connection of the podium sitting between the new terraced housing and the shopping podium and plaza. This is a key dynamic for the residents of the podium terraces to have that active street front onto the podium from the kitchen, providing opportunities in the evening to watch the sun set in the west long the podium.

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ECOLOGY Ecology is important in sustainability and environment of the site, the need for a biodiverse ecosystem on the Cruddas Park site is fundamental to increase the provisions for nature but also to replenish the site of nature that will be lost with the populating of Cruddas park grass area that lay between the towers. The provisions on the site to increase biodiversity are green roofs using the Bauder system which provides a vegetation blanket with a mixture of 24 species of wildflowers and satisfy the requirements of BREEAM, this will be located on all roofs within the site. SUDS (sustainable urban drainage system) will deliver locations for wetlands and reed beds which in turn attract an array of aquatic wildlife the site does not currently have.

Axonometric Masterplan showing the Ecology within the Cruddas Park Site

The plantation of trees and wildflowers, beehives, vegetation patches, and permeable paving throughout the site all protect and encouraging wildlife that otherwise would have been pushed away from urbanisation. Not only does it provide a biodiverse ecosystem but also an educational development, improves health and wellbeing, recreation, tourism to the site, amenity, air quality and carbon reduction.

PODIUM PERSPECTIVE

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Photograph of allotment patch at Marmalade Lane, Cambridge

Bauder vegetation blanket with a mixture of 24 species of wildflowers system (Bauder.co.uk. 2020)

Photograph of Beehives in wildflower meadow (Oxygen House. 2020.)

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Permeable paving is key to the urbanisation of this site with the once green parkland removes it is key to put back permeable coverings to reduce the hard substrate run off that often creates floods in urban areas. They reduce the need for deep elevation drainage and allow dual use of space.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM Drainage will be a main issue within the site, the urbanisation of populating of Cruddas park grass area which lays between the towers will decrease the groundwater recharge which is taken into the ground, resulting in more surface run off which can rapidly lead to flooding. There is a need to form a Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;) on the site, this will not only help the drainage but will increase ecology, educational development, improves health and wellbeing, recreation, tourism to the site, amenity, air quality and carbon reduction amongst others. The SUDsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; system works by storing and managing runoff, extracting pollutants and releasing it slowly to prevent flooding. Controlling the amount of water will be used though green and blue roofs and permeable paving which retain precipitation releasing it slowly, this will be harvested from the dwelling drainage and will be transported through swales including bioretention areas which will move the water down the site though vegetated channels, then into a wetland system and reed beds which will filter the rain water runoff and finally into a pond for recreational purposes.

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Rain gardens are provided to act as infiltration points for the water located on the green roofs. They are easy to maintain and these are planted up with vegetation that is comfortable with lots of water.

Permeable Paving

Rain Gardens

- Axonometric Masterplan showing the Sustainable Urban Drainage System within the Cruddas Park Site

Retention ponds provide storm water attenuation and treatment, this is crucial on an urbanised site with such a gradient in topography, this gives an area to store run off which has high ecological, aesthetic and amenity benefits.

Photograph showing permeable paving (GODELMANN. 2020)

Green Roofs

Bioretention areas

Retention Ponds

Channels & rills

Reed Beds

Wetlands

Reed beds can be used for the treatment of wastewater from domestic use to industrial this is key to the context of the area. These are visually more attractive than other hard wearing water treatments. They have a low operational cost or noise, they enhance the environment and attract invertebrate such as dragonflies. Photograph showing the SUDS at LILAC housing in Leeds

Green roofs are vegetation that cover the flat roofs of my terraced housing these consist of a tenable later which intercepts rainfall rescuing the runoff at peak times. They improve air quality, insulate buildings, provide sound absorption, and are great for high density developments.

Bioretention areas are shallow depressions in the landscape which use engineered soil and vegetation. There are incredibly effective in removing urban pollution and reduce the amount of water flowing down the site to the retention pond.

Channels and rills are open channels with hard edges there transport water around the site from the rain gardens and bioretention areas to the retention pond located at the south of the site. They are aesthetically pleasing in urban landscapes and are great for biodiversity.

Wetlands are densely vegetated bodies of water that provide filtration and treatment to surface water runoff using sediment basins, vegetation areas and a high flow bypass channel. There provide biodiversity and added ecology to the once parkland plot.

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HIGHSTREET PERSPECTIVEW To portray the intimate pinch points within my scheme, I decided that a vignette looking down my terraced streets from the pedestrianised man street would capture the social intimacy created within these spaces along with the ecology added to the site. The view shows the end of the communal blocks with commercial lets on the ground floor for the cooperative group to run. This is followed by a green wall and graffiti wall to promote healthy creativity and living. The string lighting gives an edgy aesthetic feel to these corridors to the terraces but also most importantly adds to the feeling of safety within these spaces. From there is the communal gardens between the two terraced streets this shows the hustle of life that is created during these spaces.

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TERRACED HOUSING AXONOMETIC

HIGH STREET VIGNETTE

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Page 26- 32 Abbey mcguire Case study submission

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Page 34 - Ziyad Hasanin Case study pages Page 39 - Old photos Author Unknown Page 40 – Article headlines https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/ Page 41 - Demographic analysis by Rachel Sexton Context analysis by Charlie Barratt Page 42 – meteoblue. 2020. Climate Newcastle Upon Tyne. [online] Available at: <https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/ newcastle-upon-tyne_united-kingdom_2641673> [Accessed 1 April 2020].

Page 77 - 8, W., 2020. Borneo-Sporenburg. [online] West 8. Available at: <https:// www.west8.com/projects/all/borneo_sporenburg/> [Accessed 15 June 2020]. Page 78 – Old photos Author Unknown Page 85-91 – Abbey McGuire ARC3013 Technology Submission Page 87- Passive house European standards (Institute, P., 2020.) Page 117-118 – Abbey McGuire ARC3013 Technology Submission Page 117 - Bauder vegetation blanket with a mixture of 24 species of wildflowers system (Bauder.co.uk. 2020) photograph of Beehives in wildflower Meadow (Oxygen House. 2020.) page 118 - Photograph showing permeable paving ( GODELMANN. 2020)

Page 44 Site sections by Rachel Sexton Page 46 - Aasarchitecture.com. 2020. Social Housing In Bergen By Rabatanalab – Aasarchitecture. [online] Available at: <https://aasarchitecture.com/2016/03/ social-housing-in-bergen-by-rabatanalab.html/#:~:text=The%20designed%20 idea%20takes%20inspiration,Source%20by%20Rabatanalab.> [Accessed 15 June 2020]. Page 47 - Aasarchitecture.com. 2020. Social Housing In Bergen By Rabatanalab – Aasarchitecture. [online] Available at: <https://aasarchitecture.com/2016/03/ social-housing-in-bergen-by-rabatanalab.html/#:~:text=The%20designed%20 idea%20takes%20inspiration,Source%20by%20Rabatanalab.> [Accessed 15 June 2020]. Page 52 – Site model photographs by Sarah Bushnell Page 53 - Gibbons, A., 2020. Gordon Cullen’s Concise Townscape - Andrea Gibbons. [online] Andrea Gibbons. Available at: <http://writingcities.com/2015/11/10/ gordon-cullens-townscape/> [Accessed 15 June 2020]. Page 62 - Modernarchitecturelondon.com. 2020. Highgate New Town - Stage 1 | Modern Architecture London. [online] Available at: <http:// modernarchitecturelondon.com/buildings/highgatenewtown1.php> [Accessed 15 June 2020]. Page 66 - Pinterest. 2020. Jan Gehl Life Between Buildings. [online] Available at: <https://www.pinterest.co.uk/julietbidgood/design-research/> [Accessed 15 June 2020].

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