Feyzan Sarachoglu Portfolio by PDF Uploads

ARC8052 DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY

ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO FEYZAN SARACHOGLU

ARC8052 DESIGN FEYZAN SARACHOGLU

Critical Introduction

Same as during Semester 1 my Semester 2 studies were located in Russian, in my home city Yekaterinburg. The site was located in the area I used during my earlier analysis, which meant that natural lighting and reflection studies were applicable to the new project.

One of proposed projects on site, image by justmedia.ru , no date

As a local resident, I knew that there have already been a number of projects proposed for the area of my interest and thus I started with typology studies and investigation of existing projects. Soon, I have discovered a pattern. All projects were proposing massive skyscrapers with no consideration to the surroundings. They were also completely dismissing the presence several historical residences located in the area. Despite Yekaterinburg’s rapid development, the projects seemed far too grand to be appropriate for the city’s needs. For my analytical drawings, I decided to use the semi-transparent qualities of waterolour, which allowed me to use layering. It was slightly different from the more abstract studies of Semester 1, but still among the techniques used by Turner. I performed shape and façade studies of the canceled projects and drew a parallel with the themes of ‘paper architecture’ designed by Brotsky and Utkin. Through further site analysis, I have discovered locals’ high appreciation and request for green spaces within the city and found a spot of interest by the site – a small unpopular Gardening Museum. There was an obvious misbalance of what the city requested and what was proposed. The site analysis and the discovered conflict manifested in the idea to design a social-focused building that would respond to locals’ needs. Unlike the glazed skyscrapers that had turned into a manifestation of power and success, the new project was meant to use similar materiality but for a completely different types of spaces. The aim to implement nature-focused project led me to seek inspiration from works of Bruni Taut whose utopian ideas circled around integration with nature and its landscapes.

Existing Projects’ facade layering study

Consept of the public garden.

Just like ‘paper architecture’ and Taut’s visionary plans were a means of protest to architectural norms of their time, my project was meant to serve as a form of modern protest to the city’s current development plans. It was meant to demonstrate an alternative turn for a successful space that considered the needs of its visitor’s souls and bodies. The proposition was a Multipurpose Social Center with functions inspired by Taut’s philosophy. It implemented greenhouse and public garden in response to his promotion of close work with nature. The neighboring Garden Museum was meant to create collaboration with the Center and provide gardening lessons to the users of greenhouse slots. Education and additional social activities would manifest in art-focused spaces and areas provided for dancing, yoga and other similar activities. The building shape was to be long and thin, allowing maximum possible amount of natural light throughout the year. Glazed façade and shape of the building were to be supported by a cage-like load-bearing frame that would allow freedom in planning and height manipulations. The materiality was also driven by the façade-layering analytical drawings. This led to the use of different ‘skins’ and glazing qualities within the building. I was hoping that contrasting views would emphasize the new approach to the design and planning choices. Long Northern façade was supposed to give impression of a typical glazed building while a change of viewing angle would reveal its true form and thinness. As a continuation of the Semester 1 studies, the ‘dialogue’ between glazed facades was implemented considering the reflections and their effects on interiors and outdoors. I have attempted several landscape types for the Ground floor gardens. Later, having analysed images of my precedent studies of Ford Foundation, I have noticed elements that I wished to avoid in my design. I hoped to provide inclusiveness and direct interaction with nature, which was lacking in the example despite significant number of greenery. A simple landscape, I decided, would be more inclusive for different visitor types and ages. Due to the project’s limitations, I could not afford more time for the garden and greenhouse designs. I would have also liked to invest time to create a plan of the proposed park area that was to merge with gardening museum.

Structural diagram, simplified

CONTENT Design Semester 1 Recap Start of Semester 2 Project Typology study Existing Projects Facade Studies, Brotsky and Utkin Social Voice Gardenning Museum Taut and Proposition of Multifunctional Social Center Public Indoor Gardens Site Conditions Earlier Sketches Diagrams Site Collage Long Section Watercolour Render Perspective 1:50 Section 1:20 Section

Technology 7 18 19 20 23 30 31 32 35 37 43 44 48 50 52 54 55

Technology Portfolio Diagrams Ground Floor Garden Precedent Structural Diagrams Structure Precedents Systems, Natural Lighting and Temperatures Materiality 1:50 Section 1:20 Section Greenhouse 1:20 Section Garden 1:20 Section Coloured Glass

56 58 60 61 62 66 73 80 81 82 82

Reflective Conclusion References, Images

84 85

Semester 1 Recap I have performed Semester 1 studies in Russia, in my homecity Yekaterinburg. The focus of my studies were the glazed skyscrapers that reflected light inside northern spaces of my apartment that in other circumstances would have lacked sunlight in winter times. The location of my site for Semester 2 was in the same area thus my lighting and reflection studies were relevant for the designs development.

High-rises from North-East; a different view at the buildings studied. (Antipin, no date).

City view (Antipin, no date).

Area of the study (Google, 2020) 7

Location of the apartment building’s South-West facade (by author).

Location of the apartment view at North-East facade (by author).

Livingroom with sun reflected in. Orientation: North-East (by author).

Personal room with direct sunlight. Orientation: South-West (by author).

Reflective facades (by author).

Semester 1 Consept Image 9

Winter Sun - 5h per day; Summer Sun - 18 h per day. In winter months when the sunlight is especially valueable due to the short lit-day time Northern spaces might not get sunlight at all.

Sunpaths. Summer

Spring/ Autumn

Winter

The map of views. Buildings visible from floor 4 with direct light sources. 4 Seasons summery. No influence Southern view buildings Reflects sunlght

Location of the apartment

Façade Photography Records

I have performed four types of studies: Façade Photography Records; Technical diagram of the sun’s movement visible from the apartment’s windows; Watercolour time-laps atmospheric studies based on techniques used by Turner in his watercolor paintings depicting lighting and weather conditions; Light/shadow movements in South and North - facing rooms

Technical diagram of the sun’s movement visible from the apartment’s windows - South

Technical diagram of the sun’s movement visible from the apartment’s windows - North

Painting by Turner, 1842

Watercolour timelaps studies by author and light/shadow movements in South and North facing - rooms

At the end of my studies, I have proposed the idea of a city with Two Suns. It was a theory proposing that urban planning might be able to implement use of glazed facades to improve lighting qualities for overshadowed places within the urban environment. I had predicted that my next project, even if not fully embracing this concept might still use some aspects of it. In the end, the final project did consider and benefit from the reflection of the neighboring skyscrapers.

Semester 2 Multipurpose Social Center

Semester 2 studies were focused on the same area as Semester 1. As a local I knew that there have already existed a number of proposed projects for the area, so I started my studies with typology analysis and research of those proposed projects.

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Main Pedestrian Routs

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Sites of Interest During Semester 1

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Site in Semseter 2

Historical, vernacular, timber and wood

Old residental, nature, need of renovation

Modern, glazed, business, residental, public

Modern residental

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UMMC Developer (Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company) are one of the leading local companies and the owners of the site. They have explored variety of concepts for the area’s development, mainly inspired by distrcit of Moscow called ‘Moscow city’, claiming to learning from the mistakes made by capital’s developers. (Trapeznikov, 2014) However, the future of ‘Yekaterinburg city’ is still unknown. The citizens have shown displeasure towards yet another skyscraper-focused project, which would also destroy the delicate pieces of historical architecture located on the site. UMMC responded with new plans aiming to implemented communal areas as one of key aspects of the development. In their later statements, they also claimed it ineffective to crowd the area with ‘glazed skyscrapers’. (Lutkova, 2019) Area owned by company Site for ‘Yekaterinburg City’

‘Moscow City’, image by MINIB, no date

Current view at ‘Yekterinburg city’, image by Antipin, no date

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1 Throughout years variety of designs have been tested for the site, most of them featuring massive skyscrapers in different shapes and forms with little consideration to the surroundings, focusing on the image of the future complex. It was a grand project but, while planning huge changes to the landscape and the city center’s infrastructure, it seemed quite self-centric. As the region’s capital Yekaterinburg might be one of the leading cities in Russia, however, its economic and social needs are different from Moscow. The massive power and class statement structures while having a potential in the developing city, would need a long time to be efficiently occupied to justified the grand scale and functions intended for the project.

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4 Based on these facts I have formulated two directions needed exploration for the projects development: 1. Experimentation with architectural solutions that would be new for the area. 2. Exploration of locals’ preferences regarding the area’s development. Images by justmedia.ru, no date 22

Consept development Inspired by my watercolour studies made during Semester 1, I have started with simple façade sketched of the proposed projects, hoping to discover some interesting features that could, perhaps, be modified. This medium had a wide range of techniques, most of which were created by Turner. Well know for his watercolour paintings, he seemed like a perfect figure to learn from while performing my atmospheric studies in Semester 1. While creating the current sketches I have used the semitransparent qualities of waterolour and then I noticed how my studies linked with works of Brotsky and Utkin.

Brotsky and Utkin, 1984/1990

In the restricted conditions enforced by Soviet Union’s ideology and bureaucracy Alexander Brodsky and Ilya Utkin, as many architects and artists, had spread their creativity through other possible means. The two architects’ series of unbuildable explorative drawings turned into a creative protest against what was becoming a new standard of Soviet architecture. In case of modern conditions, we are facing a new rising form of protest – protest against skyscrapers and what they represent. Two of Utkin and Brotsky’s drawings I found very relatable to the development of my experimentation. The transparent facades of their ‘Crystal Palace’ and ‘Glass Tower’, same as my watercolour studies, created forms by layering and like the skyscrapers the spaces within were empty of life. However, ‘paper architecture’ true to its name exists only on paper. My experimentations I had to conclude with a ‘buildable’ proposition. 24

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My next step was to unite the facades I had been studying in the manner of Brodsky and Utkin did. Like during Semester 1, I chose the views that would have existed in my Northern windows, if proposed project were built.

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I performed the same technique with a concept drawing for my future building, layering spaces, interior conditions and facades, as well as the closest structures the building will be interacting with. The influence of neighboring buildings’ glazed facades that reflected sun creating impression of 2 Suns within a city were going to create ‘dialogue’ with the new addition to the site.

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Semester 1 related studies of reflections and influence of the ‘Second Sun’ within a city.

Early consept sketch, thinnes and activities

Local Values In 2019 a project was proposed, intending to build a new church on the so called ‘green square’ – a highly popular spot in the city. This led to an immediate public reaction, which at its time was a rare case, emphasizing the needs and values of citizen. The majority stood not against the church but the destruction of the green area that locals claimed to be lacking around the city.

«To build the cathedral they want to destroy the park, which is a favourite place for residents to relax.» “City is in need of more, not fewer, parks.” «Nobody is against a church, but everyone is against building one here.”

Site

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“There are lots of churches here... But not much green space is left in the city.» (BBS News, 2019)

https://ural-n.ru/p/sadkazanceva.html

Museum of Fruit Gardening Histoty It is a small local museum positioned in a timber manor built in 1914 with a 100-year old garden presented examples of cold-resistant fruit trees that at times had become famous around the whole rejoin. Unfortunately, the location of the museum is currently discrete. With the new shopping center (currently at the stage of construction) the path might become more welcoming to the pedestrians. There is a potential to create a link between the future users of the site and the museum.

Site

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Design propositions by Taut

Proposed Multifunctional Social Center

Archtecture serves spiritual function as a manifestation of purity and peace

Architecture has a social function and provides activities to enrich experience of body and spirit

The new ‘city’ is low rise and meant to create utopian place for living Agriculture is a part of the urban space

The building allows enjoying gardening and nature within the borders of existing urban city

Glass is used as a symbol of purity and a tool to influence visual qualities

Glass is used to enrich visual experience, unite the outdoors with interior spaces, and create comfortable conditions for both natural elements and people

Taut, 1919

Bruni Taut’s utopian city proposal was a manifestation of his ideas to collaborate nature with the community. Among his suggestions was implementation of agriculture within an urban space that was to be formed from low-rise buildings and one glazed ‘City crown’. The later structure was to manifest the function of architecture - devotion for beauty and a place for the spirit. Concerned by spirit and human life Taut emphasized the importance of community and education and promoted a lifestyle that would be closely linked with nature (Ciaraldi, 2017; Hidden Architecture, no date) From social reaction that happened in Yekaterinburg it was clear that citizens would highly value new spaces of nature. The location of site was quite fortunate with its accessibility and its openness to sun light. The close proximity to the gardening-museum allowed potential integration of two sites with benefit for both. There came the idea to implement agriculture within the project. Instead of its positioning outdoors as Taut envisioned, my project proposes two nature-focused spaces indoors. Public gardens on Ground floor and a greenhouse fitted on top of the building. Indoor location would enable to provide gardening activities in a year-long warm environment, protected from harsh winters. The site was located in the city-center and with residential building at a close proximity. The new building was to become a Multifunctional Social Center providing space for mind and body-positive activities. Arts, greenhouse, dance and yoga spaces, as well as private meeting rooma and public garden were to be a part of the program.

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Development interior atmosphear sketch inspired by Taut’s drawing’s colour scheme. by author

Multifunctional Social Center Inspired by Taut’s vision and works of Brodsky and Utkin the project was to become a proposition of social spaces benefiting human nature. It was meant to demosntrate how architecture could be upgraded from a soulless underpopulated glazed building to a healthy beneficial environment.

Indoor Gardens - Precedent At the earlier stages of the design, I have attempted different landscapes for the garden. The Ford Foundation building served as a good reference to investigate the indoor condition. I have attempted to implement the use of slop to allow circulation within the buildings’ lower levels that had existed at earlier the stage of design. However, I soon came to realize that due to a significant difference in layout and the intended ways of the garden’s use, my project did not require landscape modifications. The space I was hoping to create was meant to be accessible, allowing users to sit on the grass or be comfortable for children to run and play on. In Ford Foundation, however, it was clear that users interacted with space only by usage of the pathways that lead the walk through greenery. They did not have opportunity to directly interact with the nature both due to landscape design and types of plants. What I did keep from this example was the choice of materials for the walkway and the use of steel structure to create the needed height.

Early sketches section by author

Rendering of Proposed conditions at the Ford Foundation Building (Bindelglass, 2016)

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Consept of the public garden.

Sun angles and sunpaths throughout the year Summer max angle - 56 degrees sun exposure - 18 h

Spring max angle - 34 degrees sun exposure - 12 h

Winter max angle - 10 degrees sun exposure - 6 h

Autumn max angle - 35 degrees sun exposure - 12 h

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Winter lighting require special attention due to sun’s low altitude and short sunpath. The study of sunpath and angles helped to outline the overshadowed areas on the site. Natural biome of the region is adjusted to the lighting and temperature changes so the overshadowing that happens in winter does not in any way affect the tree during dormancy. The project, however, is meant to have a year-long indoor gardens, so it was a great benefit that the site’s positioning is located in the spot enduring the shortest time-span of shadows.

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During winter times the sun exposure lasts approximately 6h. The site’s sun exposure is decreased by sun’s low at the start and end of path over horizon.

Spaces meant for indoor gardens and greehouse Coloured glass Reflection from glazed facades of oposite buildings Areas where glazing has quality of reflecting or blocking direct sunlight Direct sunlight Exterior glazing

Consideration of sun light’s reflection from neighbouring buildings is most relevant in winter times with lacking natural lighting. Where relevant facade of the building willhave reflective qualities itself and will in its tur redirect the light to the ground getting rid of overshadowing caused by its existance. The reflection cause by the building in both noerth and south will be directed at the winter park, pedestrian walkways and and the shopping mall and will not be causeing massive change to the site.

Thinness of the building not only allows the indoor spaces to receive the needed amount of direct sunlight but also allows sunlight to fully flow through and lit the area that otherwise would be overshadowed. The effect is most noticable in winter times when the sun’s altitude is considerably lower. This adds to the transparent quality of the building. It also enable usage of natural light to lit the coloured glass and project it at the main walkway by the building.

Sun exposure in summer lasts approximately 18 h. The overshadowing does not happen due to sun’s high altitude. However, that also means that conditions of interior spaces with greenery need to be adjusted in order to find balance between overexposure and overshadowing. Overheating also needs to be address.

Spring and autumn times have similar lighting conditions, sites positioning and sun’s altitude do no create overshadowing.

Existing pedestrian routes.

Current perimeter of Museum of Fruit Gardening History.

New pedestrian paths.

Currently untreated empty area. The project proposes to turn it into a new green square that would be both an extension of Gardening museum and Indoor gardens of the project Newly built shopping mall. Turning its Northern site into a more publicpleasinge area will benefited the businesses. 41

While seemingly an attractive space for summer-time currently the field is not a popular location due to the neglected site and lack of activities in close proximity. The proposed building’s light qualities will not negativelly effect the ite and the attraction of more visitors might result in the field finally being used for leasure. The close already existing parking area will be appreciated by the visitors.

Early Sketches

Creating a thin building with functional circulation caused a few ideas that had led me in the wrong direction. I had to restart designing from scratch in order to avoid creating high-rises with uninhabited spaces or attempt architectural solution inspired by precedence but which were irrelevant to my proposal.

Development diagrams. The choice of form and the materiality of the building were driven by function of spaces, temperature and lighting considerations as well as social messages meant to be manifested in the design.

The thin shape of the building was meant to allow more natural light in. It aslo worked as a contrast to its North-facing façade, side where other glazed buildings were located. When viewed from the road, the length of the building gave the impression of a thick structure but when viewed from other angles the building revealed its thinness.

In orde to increase the overal space for the indoor garden as well as allow more circulation flexibility in the upper floors the plan on the ground floor was widened.

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Widening led to the angled facade, which also increased the amount of entering sun light.

In winter, outdoor and indoor temperatures are extremely different in the region. Three entrances were located inside the extension and were separated by an extra layer of glazing for temperature control.

Public indoor garden and greenhouse required the most natural lighting.

Same as lighting the highest indoor temperatures were meant for indoor garden and greenhouse.

Reflection from neighbouring glazed skyscrapers was to be reflect once again from the middle of the Northern façade, behind which were located spaces for arts, dancing and other health and art related activities. These areas reqired protection from both direct and reflected rays, needing mostly defused or northern light.

Double glazing was mean to allow natural regulation of indoor temperatures.

High transparency was required to allow potential visitors see inside public spaces, be more inviting and also allow the effects created by the coloured decorative glass.

Parti Diagrams - Floor Plans

Greenhouse, Services

Arts and Phisical Health (Pilates, Yoga classes), WCs Meeting/Working Spaces, WCS

Climbing for all ages

Food/Drink Stands and terrace

Public Indoor Gardens, Help Desk

(Basement) WCs, Disabled Toilet (Basement) Services

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Program is section

Services

1. Private/Rented Greenhouse Slots WCs Open plan - potential spaces for artistic lessons

Climbing for all ages

vertical circulation - straicase

Meeting rooms/PC use

vertical circulation - lifts

Big meeting spaces

WCs

Open plan - potential spaces for yoga, dance classes

WCs Public Gardens

Drinks and Treats

Reception WCs

Services

Collage of the site with reflected suns 48

Site Collage - City’s Suns

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Section 1:200 Lighting conditions - June 11.00 50

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Northern Facade and views, lighting conditions - June 11.00

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Section 1:50 Lighting conditions - April, 12.00, Illustration of lighting and natural air circulation caused by solar energies. Example presented shows case with no additional temperature control systems nore does it illustrated flow of air through braught by electric-powered ventilatiion system. To see the illustration of systems’ work, please, refere to Tech Portfolio. The main flow of air in case presented enters the building on the ground floor through three main entrances. GC1 - GC2 - GC3 - GC4 - GC5 - GC6 - GC7 - GC8 - HC9 - GC10 - GC11

-17 +20

1:20 Detail Non-entrance part of walkway which does not have second glaz layer, indoor garden.

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ARC8052 TECHNOLOGY FEYZAN SARACHOGLU

CONTENT Technology Portfolio Diagrams Ground Floor Garden Precedent Structural Diagrams Structure Precedents Systems, Natural Lighting and Temperatures Materiality 1:50 Section 1:20 Section Greenhouse 1:20 Section Garden 1:20 Section Coloured Glass

56 58 60 61 62 66 73 80 81 82 82

In orde to increase the overal space for the indoor garden as well as allow more circulation flexibility in the upper floors the plan on the ground floor was widened.

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Widening led to the angled facade, which also increased the amount of entering sun light.

Public indoor garden and greenhouse required the most natural lighting.

Same as lighting the highest indoor temperatures were meant for indoor garden and greenhouse.

Double glazing was mean to allow natural regulation of indoor temperatures.

High transparency was required to allow potential visitors see inside public spaces, be more inviting and also allow the effects created by the coloured decorative glass.

Early sketches section by author

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Rendering of Proposed conditions at the Ford Foundation Building (Bindelglass, 2016)

Structural Diagram

Thinness of the building and angled façade were among the first complications for the building’s structure. Public gardens needed tall ceilings and open plan, while for upper floors open plan was planned to provide flexible function and opportunity for easier future refurbishment of spaces.

Cage-like frame with so called ‘ribs’ was chosen for the primary structure.

Services and vertical circulation were positioned among the concrete frame meant to add stability.

In such a long and thin building ‘ribs’ also needed to be stabilized to resist inclining. X and V- shaped connections were meant to serve the purpose and were located on all sides.

In order to decide the sizes and structural elements that would guarantee the stability of such structure I seeked help in reference studies. GC1 - GC2 - GC3 - GC4 - GC5 - GC6 - GC7 - GC8 - HC9 - GC10 - GC11

Structure - Precedent #1 Leutscgenbach School by Christian Kerez Architect «The leitmotiv for this building is the steel frame, which consists of fourteen lattice works supported by six sturdy tripods. Together with the concrete floors and the roof, which join and reinforce the construction, the steel frame forms the load-bearing structure of the building.» (Architectenweb Magazine, no date) I used this structural precedence as a reference while deciding the types, sizes and heights of structural elements required for the building’s frame construction. Photo by Mair, no date.

Longitudinal Section (ARCSTREET.COM, 2012)

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Photo by Spoerri, no date.

Structure - Precedent #2 Leadenhall, London While the size of this London skyscraper was massive, it structure was very helpful in understanding how an angled glazed facade could be implemented.

Image SteelConstruction.info, no date).

Isometric of Galleria floor framing (SteelConstruction.info, 2012).

West side structure (SteelConstruction.info, 2012).

1:200 West side Steal farme structural diagram proposed by author, structural element underground not presented.

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1:200 Northern Facade Steal farme structural diagram proposed by author, structural element underground not presented. 65

Polularization of Geothermal technology Use of geothermal systems is well-know and understood in Russia, however, projects using this technology are rare. Implementation of such system in current project might lead to the popularization not only in Yekaterinburg but the neighboring regions who commonly consult specialists of Ural’s capital regarding new building technologies (Trapeznikov, 2014).

Geothermal technology as an upgrade to the existing systems In this project geothermal system in winter is used for temperature control by the means of air heating. The byproduct of the process is hot water. In Russia there is a central system which provides both cold and hot water to the buildings, however it is cheaper to heat water on site using electrycity. Implimentation of Geothermal system further decreases the costs of water heating. During summer time the system works in reverse and provides cool air within the building. It must be pointd out that such means of air control are only needed in cases when the use of solar energy and natural circulation provided by the double skin of the building are not enough to regulate comfortable temperatures. In addition, due to the region’s extreme winter temperatures, even cold-resistant glazed facades will not be capable to fully block the cold. For this reason pipes circulating hot water are located under tha glazed facade on each floor in order to block cold air. Note: depth of soil freezing in the reagon is 2m. All undergound systems of the building are located deeper than 2m and inslutaed as required.

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2m soil freeze

Ttemperature control, geothermal and ventilation systems Winter

Air extracted from outside -16 Air released inside +20 Air collected from inside for extraction +22

Ttemperature control, geothermal and ventilation systems Summer

Air extracted from outside +28 Air released inside +20 Air collected from inside for extraction+22

Temperature map - winter

Summer time natural lighting and temperatures Avarage outdoor temperatures Min +10c Max +22c

Winter time natural lighting and temperatures Avarage Autdoor temperatures Min -17c Max -11c

Program is section

Services

1. Private/Rented Greenhouse Slots WCs Open plan - potential spaces for artistic lessons

Climbing for all ages

vertical circulation - straicase

Meeting rooms/PC use

vertical circulation - lifts

Big meeting spaces

WCs WCs

Public Gardens Reception WCs

Services

Open plan - potential spaces for yoga, dance classes

Drinks and Treats

Material study - Exterior Facade Glazing Transparency At first, the plan was to propose low-E coated glass for the glazed facades but I have later realized that its transparency mught be satisfying, its use on the angled facade of the building might result in a significant change of its qualities. Furthermore, I was not sure if the green tint would disturb the shades of the coloured glass and the reflection it was casting. (Vitro Architectural Glass, no date) «When viewing a lite of clear glass, you may notice its slight green aesthetic, which becomes more pronounced when viewed from an ANGLE and appears even darker at increased thicknesses or when used with low-E coatings.» (Vitro Architectural Glass, no date) Due to this reason it was decided to suggest Low-Iron glass for the glazed exterior facades. This type of glazing would keep its transparecny even in angled position, while costs and performance would not be affected. (Glass on Web, no date)

Comparison of Low-Irong Glass (left) and Low-E coated glass (right) Image by Dynasty Decorr, no date.

Low-Iron Glass used for facade. Image by Kessler, no date.

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Material study - Exterior Facade Glazing Reflection Reflecting caused by neighboring glazed skyscrapers was to be reflect once again from the middle of the Northern façade, behind which were spaces for arts, dancing and other health and art related activities. These areas reqired protection from both direct and reflected rays, needing mostly defused or northern light. «As it reflects natural light, reflective glass provides privacy in commercial structures and thus eliminates the unnecessary need and cost of window blinds or shades. As only exterior surface is coated, people can see through the other side just like a normal glass during daytime. The glare of light is also reduced and hence it provides a comfortable look from inside. Along with light, reflective glass also blocks solar heat up to some extent and thus prevents unnecessary heat built up in the structure. This helps in energy conservation and reducing the cost of air-conditioning.» (GhaPedia, no date)

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Palais des Congrès de Montréal. Image by Archphotographer, 2012.

Residential complex in Amsterdam. Image by Homedit, no date.

Public Sculpture in St. Louis. Image by Knode, 2011.

Galerie Artem, Overhead Glazing,. Image by Guerin, no date.

Material study - Enterior Coloured glass Light Casting Coloured glass is usually implemented in the design with consideration of effect it will cause on the interior of the building during daylight or the colorful appearance it will create once illuminated at nighttime by the indoor lighting. The use of sunlight to influence outdoor conditions is less popular although I did manage to find a few examples. The thin shape of the building I was planning to create was going to allow the natural light to be released through the Northern façade. I realized there was a rare opportunity to use effect of natural light coming out of the building. The implementation of the coloured glass was meant to enrich the Northern side and in a way serve as a light house attracting attention of nearby pedestrians towards the building and its surroundings. In winter times, with the lowest sun angles that would allow even more light to the Ground floor spaces, the effect would be most relevant. It will be a positive addition of colour to the urban winter landscape. GC1 - GC2 - GC3 - GC4 - GC5 - GC6 - GC7 - GC8 - HC9 - GC10 - GC11

Development interior atmosphear sketch inspired by Taut’s drawing’s colour scheme. by author

Northern Facade and views, lighting conditions - June 11.00 78

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Section 1:50 Lighting conditions - April, 12.00, Illustration of lighting and natural air circulation caused by solar energies. Example presented shows case with no additional temperature control systems on not does it illustrated flow of air through braught by electricpowered ventilatiion system. The illustration of systems’ work and influence in indoor environmen was presented on prier diagrams.. The main flow of air in case presented enters the building on the ground floor through three main entrances. GC1 - GC2 - GC3 - GC4 - GC5 - GC6 - GC7 - GC8 - HC9 - GC10 - GC11

1:20 Detail Section - Greenhouse Unlike in Public gardens on Ground floor, in Greenhouse plants are planted in saparate cases. During garden maintenance and watering the exseeding water is collected under the lifted flooring and extracted through pipe system. Manual ventilation helps in temperature regulation. Exterior facade windows can also be manually adjusted to manipulate building and green house temperature. In cases when such adjustments are not enough Temperature control systemcan be used.

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1:20 Detail Non-entrance extension without second glazing layer, indoor garden earth layering system

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Waterproof layer 3mm Reinforced concrete foundation Insulation 150mm Vapor barrier 2mm Plywood 10mm Thinset Brick Tiles

1:20 Detail Colloured interior glass fixation

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Waterproof layer 3mm Reinforced concrete foundation Insulation 150 mm Waterproof layer 3mm Root barrier 6mm Gravel Root Barrier 6mm

Reflective Conclusion Throughout my design’s development, I have kept a close attention to the site’s specifics and the influence my project would cause to both urban and social aspects of the place. I believe that the understanding and response to these aspects is one of the strongest points of my studies. I must admit that it was fulfulling to find useful historical examples, works of other architects that were relevant to the problems I have discovered. Taut’s utopian ideas why grand, do have a very humanist aspect. Design of a double-skinned facade was a new challenging experience and I have discovered far more than I managed to implement in my final presentation due to time limitations. If I have found relevant precedence at an earlier stage of design, there would be a chance to change some structural elements to improve ventilation system further. I have gained a much wider understanding of various building systems and have learned the specifics of geothermal and solar energies. This project was my first attempt to implement such systems. It was an intriguing change to work on a site located outside UK. The extreme changes of weather conditions that happened in the region caused me to realize the complications that would arise at the stage of construction. As mentioned prier, the building’s systems were also a key factor of my studies and highly influenced by natural changes. Regarding complications caused to the project due to remote study... The lack of access to scanners and printing facilities was probably one of the major setback effecting some of my work process. I have found myself drawing digitally at the earlier stages of design process more than I have done in prior years. As for marking of my work, I would personally give the project mark 65.

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