transcalar digestion billy guarino // ARCH 585 // dept of architecture & environment // university of oregon
TITLE subtitle
Estuary Biotic Habitat
Shellfish Harvesting Areas
Tsunami and City
Wildlife Habitats (hunting + species ecology)
crabbing area
waterfowl feeding
oyster leases
waterfowl nesting
shrimp
seal habitat
clam digging
WHY WATER? •
+90 INCHES OF RAINWATER A YEAR
GENUS LOCI
GENUS LOCI
Pacific Oyster
shellfish hatcheries
Coho / Chinook Salmon
salmon hatcheries
Steelhead Trout
fish passage barriers
FISH HATCHERIES hatcheries + fish passage barriers
Top six species by gross landed value in 2018
Top six fisheries overall by gross landed value - 2003-2018
Dungeness crab fishery - the most economically important wild catch in Tillamook County.
FISHING INDUSTRY https://ecotrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Commercial-Fisheries-ofTillamook-County2-final.pdf
Jesse Hayes shown after planting the first oyster seed in Oregon, 1928.
Both properties were salmon canneries from the 1800’s until the late 1950’s. Each property can be developed into a destination resort, seafood facility, or any commercial project.
1931 Oyster claims survey map shows the original, grandfathered, oyster claims on tillamook bay. Oyster Culture Pacific oysters are most often “ground cultured” in Oregon, meaning they are grown directly on the substrate rather than rack or hanging culture used in other states. They are typically harvested by hand in 2-4 year intervals, at which time they are ideal market size.
Pacific Oysters Pacific oysters are grown in many of Oregon’s estuaries. Coos, Yaquina, Tillamook and Netarts are the largest producers of these commercial oysters. These oysters, native to Japan, are likely incapable of successful spawning in the cold waters of Oregon. This fact accompanied with their high value, ease of growing, and minimal environmental impact makes them a good choice for aquaculture. Mateusz Perkowski. Conflict brewing between oyster farm, Tillamook dairies. Apr 25, 2017 Updated Dec 13, 2018 https://www.dfw.state.or.us/mrp/shellfish/bayclams/about_oysters.asp https://www.facebook.com/Hayes-Oyster-Company-194349324260023/photos
OYSTER INDUSTRY Tillamook Bay
50 gallons
270 million
seawater filtered a day
cows in the world
9.3 million are in the US // 44.3 thousand in Tillamook County
Common Eelgrass // Zostera marina •
Adult oysters can filter 50 gallons of seawater
•
Significant Greenhouse Gas emissions
•
Poor handling of manure and fertilizers can
in a single day as part of their natural feeding process
degrade local water resources •
Shellfish aquaculture is a sustainable and green industry
•
unsustainable dairy farming and feed production can lead to the loss of ecologically
•
Shellfish improve water quality and clarity
important areas, such as prairies, wetlands,
by removing particulates, excess nutrients,
and forests
organic material, viruses, and bacteria from the water column.
•
Average daily total water use is 30 gallons per cow
•
Improved water clarity enhances habitat for sea grasses such as eelgrass and other
Dwarf Eelgrass // Zostera japonica
submerged aquatic vegetation.
•
Amount of manure and urine produced daily by a dairy cow is 17 gallons
COW VS. OYSTER www.canr.msu.edu www.worldwildlife.org www.cbf.org
“DEQ wrongly assumes that permits issued to confined animal feeding operations
wind direction
(CAFOs), by the Oregon Department of Agriculture actually prevent the discharge of
dry season tides
bacteria into surface water.”
wet season river discharge
- In lawsuit filed by Hayes Oyster Co. towards Tillamook Dairy Farms.
sewage treatment
Tidal stages are significatnt during dry season and wet weather exceedances are driven mostly by precipitation events.
Seasonal Oyster Harvesting Closures lower bay
closed conditionally closed: flash floods after dry season
upper bay
upper bay
conditionally closed: > 1” rain within 24 hr period
flower pot
p oc t no v de c
conditionally closed: > 2” rain within 72 hr period
se
l au g
ju
fe b m ar ap r m ay ju n
ja n
flower pot
lower bay
Closures greatly reduce harvests on 600 acres of Hayes’ Oyster Co. oyster plats in the bay Oyster harvesting is entirely prohibited on about 250 acres and closed for extended periods on the remaining 350 acres.
CAFO’s
ESTUARY HEALTH Zimmer-Faust AG, Brown CA, Manderson A. Statistical models of fecal coliform levels in Pacific Northwest estuaries for improved shellfish harvest area closure decision making. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2018 Dec;137:360-369. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.028.
0
1
2
4 mi
bacteria contamination & oyster farming
FOOD FOR THE ECONOMY
te
r la
r v a e fo
DAIRY FARM MANURE
od
oy
s
RECYLCED SHELLS RETURN TO HATCHERY
MICROALGAE PRODUCTION
BIOFUEL PACIFIC OYESTER HATCHERY OYSTER HARVEST
ANIMAL FEED HUMAN FOOD FERTILIZER
MICROALGAE FEED STOCK
LARVAE SET ON SHELLS RETURN TO THE BAY
WASTE TO PROFIT generating ENERGY and FOOD
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
LIGHT
CO2
N+P
waste water effluent
ANAROBIC DIGESTER
DAIRY FARM MANURE
GREEN HOUSE GAS
O2
MICROALGAE PRODUCTION
ANIMAL FEED HUMAN FOOD FERTILIZER
FISH & WILDLIFE
ENERGY
BIODIESEL
CLEAN WATER
SHELLFISH ECONOMY
REDUCES GHG EMMISSIONS 60-80% TOURISM
WASTE TO PROFIT Repurposing excess manure from CAFO’s
MAN
M
A E TH
NE
G BIO
URE
AS
NUT
RIEN
C0
₂
TS
S
G AL
D IEL
₂
N TIO T A ER AN EN PL G R AD WE QU PO
H
V AR
G
TIN
ES
N
TIO RA
PA SE
DR
E
IOR
F AE
C0
E X ID O I TY ICI ND R O G T B LIN AR LEC O C E AT CO HE TER L I F
B TO O PH
R TO C EA
G
YIN
ID LIPCTION A R T X
NS ION TRAFICAT I TER
ES
BIO
FUE
L QUAD-GENERATION powered by dairy manure and algae biomass
MORE DIGESTION Tillamook Dairy Farms
858,000 tons of manure per year
Oyster Plats
a total demand of 7-8 more digesters
CONGLOMERATION
Tillamook Dairy Farms
Oyster Culture
Shellfish - Clams & Crab
AquaPrawnics Produces Sustainable Shrimp and Organic Fertilizer Air Museum
Tillamook bay
City of Tillamook
Port of Tillamook Bay
Forest
•
1524 acres
•
2 watersheds
•
flood prone landscape
POTB CONTE X T
POTB PANO
GENUS LOCI
E XISTING CONDITION divided
•
115 acres
MP CONCEPT circulation expanded economic development
entry existing rail line views
SITE ANALYSIS constraints // opportunities
north
SITE MAP
SOIL AMENDMENT FACILITY
SHRIMP HATCHERY (AQUA PRAWNICS)
DIGESTRATE OFFICE
OFFICES
WASTE PROCESSING
CLASSROOMS / LABS / AUDITORIUM MICROALGAE PHOTOBIOREACTORS/ BIOFUEL PRODUCTION NATIVE PLANT NURSERY
north
POWERHOUSE PROGRAM
TRAIL TO MUSEUM
EXPORTS
START HERE
WASTE
SEQUENCE
LIGHT SKIN, STICK FRAME STRUCTURE , & FLE XIBLE PROGRAM
SOLID, PERMANENT, AND SERVING A SPECIFIC FUCNTION
DICOHTOMY
Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture. Kiel Moe
Zollverein School of Management & Design - SANAA
water
air
Water is 832 times denser than air. Energy density is directly related to the density of a material.
THERMAL SYMMETRY
THERMALLY ACTIVE SURFACES
8’-0” ”
4’-0
radiant heating
RADIANT CONCRE TE PANELS
KITCHEN
L GA LO
BB
Y
GA
LE
LLE
DIN KIT
RY RY
ING
CH
EN
MUSEUM + RESTAURANT PROGRAM
MASSING STUDIES
Knut Hamsun Center / Steven Holl Architects
https://www.archdaily.com https://divisare.com
M.H. de Young Museum / Herzog & de Meuron
Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies / Mario Cucinella Architects
(continued)
INSPIRATION
OBSER
E X HI
SER
E X HI
VIC
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E XH
VATION
BITIO
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BITIO
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T N A R U A T RES
FORMGIVING
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25
50’
SITE PL AN
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15
30’
1ST FLOOR entrance lobby and terrace
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15
30’
GROUND FLOOR restaurant and offices
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15
30’
2ND FLOOR gallery exhibition
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15
30’
3F-5F gallery exhibition & observation
SOUTH SECTION
WEST SECTION
DINING ROOM
E XHIBITION SPACES
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A
B
A
B
B
A
B
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B
A
B
M
D
D
L
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ENCLOSURE