CHARLIE ALLEN S3197401
URBAN CATALYST
ADAPTIVE FRAMEWORKS FDESIGN O RRESEARCH U R BCATALOGUE A N A -CMLAT I V AT I O N
URBAN CATALYST
ADAPTIVE FRAMEWORKS FDESIGN O RRESEARCH U R BCATALOGUE A N A -CMLAT I V AT I O N
“Central Christchurch will become the thriving heart of an international city. It will draw on its rich natural and cultural heritage, and the skills and passion of its people, to embrace opportunities for innovation and growth through a adaptive approach. It is through local communities that resilience is built in response to a city that is in a contant state of transition.� CHARLES ALLEN
CHAPTER 04
DEMOLITION
60
Initiate..................................................68 CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION
6
Preface..............................................6 Introduction........................................8 Approach............................................10 Precedents......................................14 Glossary of terms................................16 CHAPTER 02
THE PROBLEM
18
Damage + Effects................................18 Effects...............................................22 CBD physical damage.........................26
IMAGE SOURCE_ buildingguide.co.nz
CHAPTER 03
THE OPPORTUNITY
Mobalize.............................................................69 Reinstate.............................................................70 Reuse // Recover.................................................74
32
Why recover.........................................34 Christchuch Recovery Plan...................36 Reaction against // reaction with...........37 Design Principles.................................40 Vision / goals........................................44 Stakeholders......................................44 Typologies of temporary space..........46 Clusters of temporary use................50 Shifting urban condition........................52 Recovery approach..............................58
Enable.................................................80 Sidewalk.............................................................81 Mobile Garden....................................................82 Parallel Park........................................................83
CHAPTER 05
RESTORATION
CHAPTER 06
RECONSTRUCTION
Coach................................................132
Confine + Connect............................................134
Support...........................................138
Integrate............................................................139 (Re)form.............................................................140
CHAPTER 07
CONCLUSION
88
Claim..................................................98
Evolving Green Space.........................................99 (Re)Assemble....................................................112
Formalse...........................................114
Pop-Up Laneway...............................................115 Pavement to Plaza.............................................120
124
148
Conclusion.........................................150 CHAPTER 08
APENDIX OF MISUNDERSTOOD EXPLORATIONS Overview............................................152 Apendix.............................................154 References / bibliography...................164
CHARLIE ALLEN s3197401 MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PROJECT B_2013 DESIGN RESEARCH CATALOGUE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN RMIT UNIVERSITY
PRE FACE
URBAN CATALYST Adaptive Frameworks For Urban Activation
RQ
How can transitional strategies activate the urban landscape of the disaster prone environment of Christchurch in order to aid it’s recovery and potentially to reconsider it’s future? ‘Transitional’ can be defined as the passage from one form, state, style, or place to another. It is a series of sentences connecting one part of a discourse to another.
This research investigates the opportunities presented in a disaster prone environment in order to design strategies to activate the urban landscape. Drawing upon a bottom-up approach, this research looks for ways to generate an adaptive and dynamic landscape that supports the shifting needs of the affected areas as it moves through the recovery phase. ‘Temporary Use’ becomes the motor for urban transformation, generating a city that is potentially never fully recovered. The earthquake that devastated Christchurch in 2011 was one of the nation’s deadliest peacetime disasters, causing widespread damage across the central city and Canterbury region. Following the earthquake 80% of the buildings have been removed, leaving large vacant and under utilized spaces across the shattered city. The central city is currently experiencing a succession of phases, from demolition to reconstruction. The current approach for redeveloping the city invites communities to engage in a process that is fundamentally broken, rather than being asked to contribute to incremental change at the neighborhood scale, residence are asked to react to proposals they don’t understand, and at a scale for which they have little control. This challenges the idea that development can be a deliberate, phased approach that brings on a new form of ‘temporary urbanism’ that investigates change through an innovative, responsive and collaborative approach to design.
URBAN 8 CATALYST
The ability of this city to adapt to the challenges it has faced may go beyond the issues of urban planning, but further, provide the opportunity to test new ideas and concepts that will enhance its future development, aid it’s recovery and subsequently inform new ways of relating to the central city. The aim of this research is to develop transitional networks that can be formed within communities and which work to build resilience in response to economic instability. My approach for redeveloping the city follows 3 phases of demolition, restoration and reconstruction, which embodies temporary strategies. This creates adaptive frameworks, which respond to changing circumstances and that allows the city to be in a constant state of transition. Each framework is made up of a series of temporary strategies, which move through different urban spaces, activating encounters between people and challenging everyday life practices. Key words: Christchurch – disaster – temporary urbanism – transition – catalyst – urban activation – future growth – landscape – strategies – adaptation
URBAN 9 CATALYST
INTRODUCTION
My intention from the outset of this research was to investigate how I can develop a design practice by understanding how temporary use can inform new ways of urban development. I believe that informal activation gives a city its identity through the social and cultural programs that occur after a disaster event. The project engages the City of Christchurch as the laboratory for this approach. The research investigates the idea of temporary urbanism as the catalyst for reactivating vacant and under-utilized sites around the central city. The designs aim to reconnect business and people through a responsive and collaborative approach to help form a new urban model for developing cities. The research aims to generate networks for social, cultural and economic recovery through the urban environment, which aims to reinstate stability for everyday life. This research has emerged from a strong interest in environmental conditions, post-disaster design and the landscape architecture systems of time, space and cycle. The initial driver of this research came about after experiencing the Japan 311 earthquake and tsunami first hand in 2012. This experience framed my thinking how community resilience can build frameworks for urban activation in a disaster prone environment. Through this research the approach begins to form a set of strategies that aim to develop adaptive frameworks for future growth. Through each of the strategies, the research investigates different lenses of temporary cycles, looking at a range of spaces over time, which aims to inform new conditions that are responsive to disaster events. Recovery strategies can be organized into typical phases of demolition, restoration and reconstruction that indicate what to expect as the community moves from the emergency response to longer-term recovery. If there is another earthquake at any point, the strategies are set in place to deal with immediate recovery needs and are adaptable to ground conditions. Through the idea of temporary urbanism, the research provides an opportunity to test new ideas and concepts and apply them to a real life crisis scenario in Christchurch. The research will not only aim to help revitalize urban spaces, but further, have a lasting impact on the reconnection of communities and people that live and work there.
CHRISTCHURCH
PEOPLE
PROGRAM
_PROJECT TIME LINE STAGE 01
STAGE 02
STAGE 03
(FEBRUARY - JUNE)
(JUNE / JULY)
(JULY - NOVEMBER)
- APPLICATION OF THREE ANCHOR SITES -SPECULATIONS
- ON SITE TESTING AND EXPLORING IN CHRISTCHURCH
- APPLICATION AND REFINEMENT OF STRATEGIES
PLACE
URBAN 10 CATALYST
URBAN 11 CATALYST
The ‘strategies’ reflect the community’s wishes for the central city. They replace facilities that have been destroyed, stimulate other development, attract people, and aim to regenerate and improve the urban form of the city. Each ‘strategy’ has the potential to discover new urban patterns of growth and form social networks. This will inform new ways for people to relate to the city and add to the public and cultural identity that once existed.
THE PROBLEM
DEMOLITION
THE OPPORTUNITY
STREET / PEDESTRIAN / CIRCULATION / ACCESS
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DAMAGE + EFFECTS
CHRISTCHURCH
SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION
FEBRUARY 2011 EARTHQUAKE
INITIATE MOBILIZE
RECONSTRUCTION
RECREATION / COMMUNITY
ECONOMIC
REINSTATE
COACH
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE
REUSE//RECOVER
(RE) ASSEMBLE
NP LIA TRA
+
EVALUATION
CHRISTCHURCH
= HUMAN SCALE
LARGE SCALE FRAMEWORK
POSITIVE - Chance to rebuild urban strategy
INFRASTRUCTURE
RETHINKING THE CITY
REACTION AGAINST // REACTION WITH traditional urban development
- Bring community closer - New Identity for the city
ENABLE
END RESULT EXTENT OF EXISITNG CBD
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
NEGATIVE EXTENT OF PROPOSED CBD
SIDEWALK
FORMALISE MOBILE GARDEN
POP-UP LANEWAY
PARALLEL PARK
EXPLOIT PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
- Loss of lives / buildings
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
- Reduces local character
(RE) FORM
REFLECTION
END RESULT
INFORMS NEW URBAN CONDITION
DESIGN PRINCIPLES: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES - DYNAMIC AND OPEN - ADAPTABLE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES. - UNDERSTANDING POTENTIALS - SHAPING FORM TO MAXIMISE EFFECTS
URBAN CATALYST Adaptive Frameworks for Urban Activation
How can transitional strategies activate the urban landscape and contribute to the resilience of the disaster prone environment of Christchurch to aid it’s recovery and potentially reconsider it’s future?
URBAN CATALYST
INTEGRATE
transitional urban development
- Cost of rebuild
12
CONFINE + CONNECT
LATE
- Environmental conditions - Post-disaster design - Japan 311 - Landscape architecture systems time, space + cycle - Temporary Urbanism (bottom-up)
RESTORATION CLAIM
US
The process I have used to investigate how temporary use can appropriate spaces is through the use of urban strategies, which attempts to develop adaptive frameworks for future growth. These frameworks aim to build stability in local economic structure and reconnect people with the urban environment. The process of strategies are adaptable to different urban conditions which allows a flexible and responsive city that is able to deal with challenges it is faced.
APPROACH
O-A
This diagram acts as a navigational tool for this research, which outlines the approach and strategies used to investigate the city of Christchurch to reactivate the urban landscape. The current research explores the positive and negative aspects of the disaster that has caused wide spread damage across the city. Using the cycles of events over the last 2 years as the opportunity to rethink and reactivate the city for individuals, residents and tourists.
IND
RESEARCH STRUCTURE
RULES: utilise unused + vacant space
integrated transportation
create nodes of program
re-appropriation of form
environmental condition
relationship to context
active + passive
green space
intimate public space
REACTS TO
URBAN CATALYST
13
URBAN CATALYST
14
URBAN 15 CATALYST
The research investigates my interest of reactivating cities that have vacant or under-utilised urban spaces from ‘YEAR ZERO’. It may form similarity with cities that experience urban change with result from the death of an industry, like that of the American motor industry in the city of Detroit. This page shows some of my precedent interests in landscape architecture and how their thinking has framed my approach for design. This has helped to develop an approach for resilience strategies for large and small-scale interventions.
PEOPLE
Le Corbusier
PROJECTS
PARC DE LA VILLETTE | BERNARD TSCHUMI Tschumi did not design the park in a traditional mindset where landscape and nature are the predominant forces behind the design. Rather he envisioned Parc de la Villette as a place of culture into a state of constant reconfiguration.
LOUIS HAY - TIN TOWN, NAPIER
Louis Hay, one of the architects responsible for the rebuilding of Napier into Tin Town, a temporary shopping precinct after the M7.8 earthquake of 1931. Faced, like Christchurch, with the wholesale rebuilding of the city centre.
THE SPONTANEOUS CITY The process of ‘The Spontaneous City’ became a powerful inspiration to my project in the early stages. The idea that inhabitants are dealt in a never ending process of transformation and adaptation to accommodate the contemporary culture. This made me think about how temporary activation can become more long term and have a greater impact on the city. The diagram to the right looks at the urban functions and cycles of everyday life and how that is constantly changing.
LITERATURE
PROJECT JAPAN REBUILDING / REIMAGINING THE NATION
The Metabolist movement within Japan provided a built framework for a new urban thinking initiative during the 1960/70’s. This mindset has been used as a way to approach the rebuild after the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami that affected 500 towns and villages along the southeast coastline of Japan. This reading was a way for me to compare and contrast the damage and rebuild approach with that of Christchurch. Koolhaas, R, & Obrist, H.U. (2011). Project Japan: Metabolism Talks.pp 660-698
URBAN 16 CATALYST
Jan Gael
Rem Koolhaas
BRUCE MAO WITH REM KOOLHAAS - OMA DOWNSVIEW PARK PROGRAM DIAGRAM
OMA Downsview Park program diagram creates a framework through which a landscape or city is allowed to incrementally develop. Current trends tend to focus on designs that can operate at a variety of scales.
PUBLIC FARM ONE, NEW YORK WORK ARCHITECTURE COMPANY This temporary installation is an attempt to bring the qualities of the countryside into the city, by growing fruit and vegetables in large cardboard tubes above a communal area. The space became so successful that is was made a permanent fixture for the city.
CHRISTCHURCH: LIVING IN LANDSCAPE - JOHN WALSH
A
CRISIS
This reading discusses the physical and emotional effects of dealing with the disaster after the Christchurch Earthquake of 2010 and 2011. The reading helped me to understand the extend of damage, not only to the CBD but to the thousands of people that have lost there homes, businesses and each other during this thematic event. It raises the question now whether people have the courage to stay and rebuild or simply pack their bags and leave.
Bernard Tschumi
James Corner
THE ABANDONED CITY OF DETROIT
The study of abandonment must convene upon Detroit at one point or another. No other city has undergone such a dramatic level of population decline, abandonment, and urban decay over the past few decades. The city is a case study for methods of dealing with shrinking cities.
WILLIAM H. WHYTE SOCIAL LIFE OF SMALL URBAN PLACES
TEMPORARY LANDSCAPES - JAMES MAYO
This reading started my thinking of temporary as more than just a short term installation. It made me realise that temporary projects are an integral part to the system of the city and landscape. The reading also helped me look at temporary spaces in different time scales from a day, week or year. Mayo, P (2009). Journal of Architecture and Planning research. pp 125 - 135
Walsh, J (2011). Christchurch: Living in a Crisis Landscape. TOPOS. Vol 76, pp 86-89
URBAN 17 CATALYST
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
DESIGN ACTION
Below are a list of key terms which are relevant to the process of my design research
CATALYST / cat·a·lyst One that precipitates a process or event, especially without being involved in or changed by the consequences
TEMPORARY / tem·po·rar·y Lasting for only a limited period of time. Passage from one form, state, style, or place to another.
DISASTER / dis·as·ter An occurrence causing widespread destruction and distress; a catastrophe
ADAPTATION / ad·ap·ta·tion To make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation.
Temporary aspects which generates activation based on ground condition Mobile and pop-up structures which transition around the city activating encounters with people and challenge everyday life practices
strategies become responsive to ground condition
The process of urban spaces becomming adjusted to new condition
RESILIENCE / re·sil·ience Resilience is the term often used to describe the process of helping communities to be better prepared to withstand and rapidly recover post shock or event.
BOTTOM-UP / bott·om Up Of an approach to a problem that begins with details and works up to the highest conceptual level.
STRATEGY / strat·e·gy A plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.
STAKEHOLDER / stake·hold·er A person or group that has interest or concern in an organisation or project
INFRASTRUCTURE / in·fra·struc·ture URBAN 18 CATALYST
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Recovery actions through temporary urbanism
Involvement from multiple individuals on a local scale rather than one large-scale guiding principle
Support in the recovery of the urban landscape
Individuals and agencies that assist in the process of redeveloping the city
The social and economic infrastructure of a city including buildings, roads and power supply
URBAN 19 CATALYST
(02) APPROACH
THE PROBLEM
DEMOLITION
THE OPPORTUNITY
RESTORATION
STREET / PEDESTRIAN / CIRCULATION / ACCESS
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DAMAGE + EFFECTS
CHRISTCHURCH
SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION
FEBRUARY 2011 EARTHQUAKE
INITIATE MOBILIZE
ECONOMIC
CLAIM REINSTATE
COACH
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE
REUSE//RECOVER
(RE) ASSEMBLE
CONFINE + CONNECT
-AUS
TRAL
IAN
PLAT
E
- Environmental conditions - Post-disaster design - Japan 311 - Landscape architecture systems time, space + cycle - Temporary Urbanism (bottom-up)
RECONSTRUCTION
RECREATION / COMMUNITY
INDO
+
EVALUATION
CHRISTCHURCH
= HUMAN SCALE
LARGE SCALE FRAMEWORK
POSITIVE - Chance to rebuild urban strategy
INFRASTRUCTURE
RETHINKING THE CITY
REACTION AGAINST // REACTION WITH traditional urban development
- Bring community closer - New Identity for the city
END RESULT EXTENT OF EXISITNG CBD
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
NEGATIVE EXTENT OF PROPOSED CBD
ENABLE SIDEWALK
FORMALISE MOBILE GARDEN
POP-UP LANEWAY
PARALLEL PARK
EXPLOIT PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
INTEGRATE
(RE) FORM
transitional urban development
- Loss of lives / buildings
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
- Reduces local character - Cost of rebuild
REFLECTION
END RESULT
INFORMS NEW URBAN CONDITION
DESIGN PRINCIPLES: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES - DYNAMIC AND OPEN - ADAPTABLE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES. - UNDERSTANDING POTENTIALS - SHAPING FORM TO MAXIMISE EFFECTS
RULES: utilise unused + vacant space
integrated transportation
create nodes of program
re-appropriation of form
active + passive
environmental condition
relationship to context
intimate public space
REACTS TO
green space
THE PROB LEM damage + effects
CHAPTER 02
THE PROBLEM The February 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a powerful natural event that severely damaged New Zealand’s second-largest city, killing 185 people in one of the nation’s deadliest disasters. The magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck the Canterbury region in New Zealand’s South Island at 12:51 pm on Tuesday, 22 February 2011. The earthquake brought down many buildings previously damaged in the September 2010 earthquake, especially older brick and mortar buildings. Much of this rubble can be recycled for street pavements, elements, furniture and new buildings in the future.
The city’s population has declined by 13,500, or 3.6 per cent, from the 380,000 people it had before the 6.3-magnitude earthquake. Some have left by choice; others because they had nowhere left to live and work. 40% of businesses left the central city for the outer suburbs, it is through this research that it aims to re-establish economic structure and everyday life back in the central city. The central city is the heart of Christchurch and use to provide a strong commercial and cultural core with less dense surrounding areas of residential, educational, industrial, and green open space. The earthquakes have provided an unprecedented opportunity to rethink, revitalize and renew central Christchurch. The area can be built back better than it was before, increasing its value to the wider city, the Canterbury region, and New Zealand as a whole. IMAGE SOURCE_ http://0.tqn.com/d/architecture/1/0/ w/y/Christchurch-Earthquake-LG.jpg
URBAN 22 CATALYST
URBAN 23 CATALYST
XXXL
XXL
SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND
The earthquake was centered 10 kilometers southeast of the center of Christchurch. The earthquake occurred during lunchtime, when many people were on the city streets. Due to the geographical location of Christchurch, the city is quite
CANTERBURY REGION
9.5 CHILE
9.2 U.S.A
INDONESA 9.1
9.0 JAPAN
6.3 CHCH
Over 400 aftershocks of a magnitude of 3.5 or greater occurred since the 2010 quake.
URBAN 24 CATALYST
CHRISTCHURCH CITY
M
INNER CITY
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
ESTIMATED AGE OF THE HARDEST HIT POPULATION
CHRISTCHURCH_NEW ZEALAND
One of the nation’s deadliest peacetime disasters ever recorded
L
susceptible to earthquakes making the implementation of built infrastructure challenging. A design that is both transitional and adaptable in response to changing conditions creates a framework that is self-sufficient.
THE EARTHQUAKE
MAGNITUDE
XL
AGES 0-9
AGES 10-19
16.2% GEOPHYSICAL IMPACT
THE TSUNAMI
Initial reports suggest the earthquake occurred at a depth of
3.5 m (11 ft) tsunami waves in Tasman Lake, following quaketriggered glacier calving from
5kms
LIQUEFACTION Soil liquefaction and surface flooding also occurred. Road surfaces were forced up by liquefaction, and water and sand were spewing out of cracks
10 kilometres south-east of the centre of Christchurch. Revealed a previously unknown faultline running 17 km east-west from Scarborough Hill in South Eastern Christchurch to Halswell, at depths of 3–12 km
BUILDING DAMAGE
80%
of the buildings in Christchurch’s Central Business District are to be demolished. 100,000 houses in the city have been damaged and 10,000 houses are to be demolished.
23.8%
AGES 20-39
30.4%
AGES 40-59
AGES 60+
24.5%
5.1% HARDEST HIT POPULATION
1102
1618
40% < 20 years old
2068
1666
367,700
DEATHS
Power had been restored to 82% of households within five days
INJURED
6,800
6,800
DAMAGES + EFFECTS
CASUALTIES
185
347
Homes without electricity
51,520
Homes without water
103,810
Homes damaged
ESTIMATED ECONOMIC LOSS
$52-61 BILLION DOLLARS
The total cost to insurers of rebuilding alone has been estimated at NZ$15 billion
URBAN 25 CATALYST
IND
O-A US TRA LI A NP LAT E
Figure 01: _2011 EARTHQUAKE AFTERSHOCKS
POSSIBLE NEW FAULT LINE
10 km
3.0 - 3.9 4.0 - 4.9 5.0 - 5.9
5 mi
AFTERSHOCKS FROM 23/12/2011
AFTERSHOCKS 22/02/11 - 13/06/11
AFTERSHOCKS 13/06/11 - 22/12/11
AFTERSHOCKS 04/09/10 - 22/02/11 POSSIBLE NEW FAULT LINE
CHRISTCHURCH
Figure 02:
_AREAS WITHOUT POWER AT 1.3.11
Figure01: This plan shows the extent of the aftershocks around the Canterbury area. As a result of the 2010 + 2011 earthquakes a new fault line as emerged running west towards the existing Indo-Australian plate.
EPICENTER 22 FEBRUARY 2011 MAGNITUDE: 6.3
EPICENTER 4 SEPTEMBER 2010 MAGNITUDE: 7.0
Figure02: Diagram expressing the areas without power 2 weeks after the 2011 quake. 4
URBAN 26 CATALYST
6
8
SCALE:
POWER RESTORED
1 km
NO POWER
URBAN 27 CATALYST
PHYSICAL DAMAGE
The plan to the left shows the amount of damage that was caused to the CBD of Christchurch. The red dashed line is indicative of the cordon off area after the 2011 quake. This plan was done as a way of understanding the transformation the city has gone through, in terms of buildings to be retained and removed. This revealed the extent of Vacant lots and the potential to (re)develop, now and in future.
VACANT SITES
76%
BUILDINGS TO BE RESTORED
8.5%
VICTORIA SQUARE
15.5% REMAINING BUILDINGS
WORCESTER PARK CHRISTCHURCH CATHEDRAL
COLOMBO STREET REDEVELOPMENT
Re:START MALL
TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION
AVON RIVER
IMAGE SOURCE_ news.com.au
N LEGEND:
Wednesday 13/03
CBD RED ZONE BOUNDARY BUILDINGS TO BE RETAINED BUILDINGS TO BE REMOVED RUBBLE CARPARKING OPEN SPACE
T
Transitional Landscapes
ST A shift in re-stabilisation of resilient communities How can the discipline of Landscape Architecture
RQ provide a transitional approach for reconstructing urban spaces within disaster stricken cities?
URBAN 28 CATALYST
URBAN 29 CATALYST
ROAD AND BRIDGE CLOSURES AT 1.3.11
CHRISTCHURCH POPULATION DEMOGRAPHIC 1996
35,000
2006
2016
2026
2031
Residential Population
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0 85+
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Age groups
Figure 01: The photos to the right show the spatial conditions of the CBD before and after the earthquake.
CBD CORDON REDUCTION PLANS
FEBRUARY 2011
URBAN 30 CATALYST
FEBRUARY 2012
APRIL 2013
URBAN 31 CATALYST
â&#x20AC;&#x153;
We are more aware than ever that cities are, like life, always transitional. We have been offered an extraodinary opportunity to embrace this impermanence and find original, economic, and appropriate solutions to the very real challenges we all face. â&#x20AC;? Barnaby Bennett 2012
URBAN 32 CATALYST
IMAGE SOURCE_ keithwoodford.wordpress.com
URBAN 33 CATALYST
(03) APPROACH
THE PROBLEM
DEMOLITION
THE OPPORTUNITY
RESTORATION
STREET / PEDESTRIAN / CIRCULATION / ACCESS
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DAMAGE + EFFECTS
CHRISTCHURCH
SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION
FEBRUARY 2011 EARTHQUAKE
INITIATE MOBILIZE
ECONOMIC
CLAIM REINSTATE
COACH
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE
REUSE//RECOVER
(RE) ASSEMBLE
CONFINE + CONNECT
-AUS
TRAL
IAN
PLAT
E
- Environmental conditions - Post-disaster design - Japan 311 - Landscape architecture systems time, space + cycle - Temporary Urbanism (bottom-up)
RECONSTRUCTION
RECREATION / COMMUNITY
INDO
+
EVALUATION
CHRISTCHURCH
= HUMAN SCALE
LARGE SCALE FRAMEWORK
POSITIVE - Chance to rebuild urban strategy
INFRASTRUCTURE
RETHINKING THE CITY
REACTION AGAINST // REACTION WITH traditional urban development
- Bring community closer - New Identity for the city
END RESULT EXTENT OF EXISITNG CBD
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
NEGATIVE EXTENT OF PROPOSED CBD
ENABLE SIDEWALK
FORMALISE MOBILE GARDEN
POP-UP LANEWAY
PARALLEL PARK
EXPLOIT PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
INTEGRATE
(RE) FORM
transitional urban development
- Loss of lives / buildings
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
- Reduces local character - Cost of rebuild
REFLECTION
END RESULT
INFORMS NEW URBAN CONDITION
DESIGN PRINCIPLES: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES - DYNAMIC AND OPEN - ADAPTABLE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES. - UNDERSTANDING POTENTIALS - SHAPING FORM TO MAXIMISE EFFECTS
RULES: utilise unused + vacant space
integrated transportation
create nodes of program
re-appropriation of form
active + passive
environmental condition
relationship to context
intimate public space
REACTS TO
green space
THE OPPORT UNITY rethinking the city
CHAPTER 03
Wednesday 10/04
T
WHY RECOVER?
Year Zero_Public Catalyst
ST Enriching a transition overtime The central city is the heart of greater Christchurch. Although the earthquakes caused widespread damage, the city’s physical and social infrastructure remains strong. Proposals to relocate the city center elsewhere, to avoid future damage, were considered both uneconomical and unnecessary.
How can transition be used as a design tool or
RQ catalyst for improving urban spaces within disaster stricken cities?
A thriving, vibrant central city is critical to the recovery of greater Christchurch. City centers are engines of productivity and innovation, because the higher density of people and businesses makes sharing ideas and establishing connections easier, encourages competition, and reduces some of the costs of doing business. The dislocation of businesses following the February 2011 earthquake has already had a substantial cost to the economy, with preliminary estimates suggesting that the lack of a central city is costing the New Zealand economy between $200 and $400 million per year.
1909
HISTORY OF CHRISTCHURCH
1880 1867
godley statue unveiled on present site
1855
square reserve transferred to church property trustees
christchurch founded
first trams (steam) ran from square to railway station
1866
bank of new zealand opened on hereford st / cathedral square site
1864
commercial hotel opened
first electric trams run in christchurch
cathedral chambers built
fourth floor added to warners hotel
1962
square is used as a road intersection
1932
1917
liberty cinema built in warners hotel
womens rest room opened
1963
1937
1900
1925
1881
christchurch cathedral consecrated
1878
first dalgetys building erected in square facing hereford st
1882
chancery lane put through square
1906 1901
extentions to post office + Bank buildings
new warners hotel opened
1915
1924
colonial lane formed everybody’s theatre opened
1972
all roads into square closed
bank of new zealand demolished
war memorial unveiled
footpaths were laid and sealed, and a cabstand was installed
URBAN 36 CATALYST
1905
1885
1875
1850
1849
1910
central post office opened
site for square set aside for educational + ecclesiastical purposes
My approach for redeveloping the city follows 3 phases of demolition, restoration and reconstruction, which embodies temporary strategies. These phases indicate what to expect as the community moves from emergency response to longer-term recovery. Working with a bottom-up approach to redevelop the city enables a community lead approach that is dictated by the needs for the people that live and work there. “temporary solutions are immensely valuable because they promote experimentation and innovation; provide opportunities to do something useful; and importantly, temporary activities help balance the hasty demand for progress with the time needed for careful planning” (Valance, 2012, p.402) The identity of the urban landscape will redevelop as strategies are situated to reinstate business and peoples reconnection to the city.
christchurch press building opened
1879 1851
The central city was also the location for many social, cultural and recreational facilities that helped to make greater Christchurch a great place to live, work, play, visit and invest. Christchurch needs to offer the facilities, services and amenities that would be expected in any equivalent city worldwide. Individuals and organisations are likely to view what recovery means in different ways. Their views will be shaped by how the earthquakes have affected them, through the social, cultural, economic and urban environmental impacts.
1950
1954
trams replaced by buses
2000
1995
tourist tram begins operation
The Chalice modern sculpture installed
2011
square blocked off due to february, 2011 earthquake
1975
2000
2025 2012
november: walkway into Cathedral Square open
1967
new bank of new zealand opened
1996
1965
road across cathedral frontage closed
cathedral visitors centre opened
1994
public toilets opened on site
2006
human size Chess board installed in square
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CHRISTCHURCH CENTRAL RECOVERY PLAN
REACTION AGAINST // REACTION WITH
THE PROPOSED BLUEPRINT PLAN
From the community’s responses, five key changes formed the basis of the draft Central City Plan: Green city, Stronger built identity, Compact CBD, Live, work, play, learn and visit and a Accessible city
CERA / CCDU / NEW ZEALAND GOVERNMENT / CHRISTCHURCH CITY COUNCIL
It was a fundamental aspect for the research to look at the current master plan that is proposed for the city and how the city council has approached the rebuild. The City of Christchurch has formally been branded as ‘the garden city’, which could effectively turn the city into a giant suburb, where by everything is self-sufficient. This is something that should be considered when redesigning the framework for the city as it can support greater networks of programs. The city of Christchurch is in a current state of transition. Large-scale transformations, such as stadiums, museums, convention centers and arts prescient are taking over capital priorities. Yet, such projects require a substantial investment of time, as well as political, social and cultural aspects. Moreover, the long-term economical and social benefit cannot be guaranteed.
Compact core • A more compact central city core • Well-designed streetscapes, Redeveloped civic buildings, ultra-fast broadband and free Wi-Fi • Car parking buildings and bus routes around the Core Live, work, play, learn and visit • High-quality inner city housing • New metropolitan sporting facilities • A new central library • New public art and performing arts venues • Playgrounds Accessible city • A city that is easy to get to and around for all age groups
EXTENT OF EXISITNG CBD
• Excellent walking and cycling paths and high-quality public transport Embrace cultural values
Below is the current process that Christchurch is going through in order to recover the central city. Currently temporary projects are seen as merely ‘gapfillers’ before development occurs and they have no lasting footprint on the cities urban landscape. Temporary projects allow a city to develop incrementally. It is based on adaptability, which alone can enable blighted neighborhoods to thrive in difficult economic times. ‘Temporary’ becomes equal to words as ‘informal’, ‘unplanned’ and ‘spontaneous’ that forms a city that is tailored to the needs and requirements of the people that live and work there.
EXTENT OF PROPOSED CBD
After looking at the proposed blueprint master plan it revealed to me that the implementation of temporary projects has been completely ignored in official policymaking and city planning. The current master plan takes in no consideration of the cultural and social temporary aspects that have been generated as a result of the hard work of agencies, landowners and individuals.
In the pursuit of expiable progress, communities are invited to engage in a process that is fundamentally broken, rather than being asked to contribute to incremental change at the neighborhood scale, residences are asked to react to proposals they don’t understand, and at a scale for which they have little control.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES EXISTING STRATEGIES FOR RE-DESIGNING CHRISTCHURCH
• A city for all people and cultures • Recognise Ngāi Tahu heritage and places of significance • A commitment to enhance an urban environment for future generations. • Cultural revitalisation as a catalyst for urban regeneration and prosperity. Green city •A revitalised Ōtākaro/Avon River corridor • New street trees, improved surface stormwater treatment and a new network of parks that encourage outdoor activities • A greener, more attractive central Christchurch, which includes measures against climate change Stronger built identity • A lower-rise city with safe, sustainable buildings that look good and function well • Strengthened heritage buildings that can be used for contemporary purposes • An urban building fabric that speaks to our sense of place, our identity, our shared cultural heritage
IMAGE SOURCE_ ccdu.govt.nz/the-plan The Blueprint was developed by a professional consortium working with CERA’s Christchurch Central Development Unit over a 100 day period. A key focus of the Blueprint Plan is to
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consolidate a central area so that it functions more effectively. A spatial Blueprint Plan has been produced based on design principles that address the challenges identified.
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CURRENT APPROACH BEFORE
AFTER
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DESIGN PRACTICE HOW THE PROCESS SHOULD LOOK
01
02
CHRISTCHURCH APPROACH
03
MY APPROACH
traditional urban development
transitional urban development
END RESULT
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED? Traditional urban planning begins by designing the end result and then considers how that result can be achieved (top down approach). Where as a transitional approach towards urban development takes on a bottom up process.
END RESULT MONDAY 22/04
T
04
05
06
The recovery process should follow the stages as outlined above. Attracting people back into the central city should be one of the first steps in implementing the recovery plan. The Christchurch approach showed this stage at the very end, which suggests the design, is implemented without taking into consideration the needs of people there. There is a massive disconnection in communication that currently exists between the community groups and the City Council. I believe the development needs to address a stronger connection to the initiatives and programs that has dictated the urban landscape in vacant and under-utilised sites since the 2011 earthquake. A lot of these temporary projects generate platforms for businesses to re-establish themselves in the central city. The current way of designing is to abundant these temporary site after a period of time and rebuild formal infrastructure which loses the social and cultural aspects that was generated.
Temporary urbanism goes beyond exhorting what should be done. It focuses is on what can be done by creating tangible and adaptable temporary alternatives. The temporary nature of these transformations enable citizens to think ‘outside the block’ and use the spaces as testing grounds for new ideas about urban living. In the process, it encourages cities to move beyond developer’s empty lots and engage residents about their city’s future. Improving the livability of cities commonly starts at the street or block scale. While larger scale efforts do have their place, small-scale improvements are increasingly seen as a way to stage more substantial investments. This approach allows for a range of stakeholders to test new concepts and designs that allows incremental development, using existing economic and social networks as its basis. This is where I started my investigation into a bottom up temporary approach in order to develop strategies for a transitional network for Christchurch.
Urban Catalyst
ST Case Study: Christchurch How can human scale interventions generate an
RQ adaptive framework that will re-activate the urban 42
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landscape in vacant or under-utilised sites in the city of christchurch?
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VISION + GOALS
ECONOMIC Revitalise christchurch central city as the heart of a properuous region for business, work, education, and increased investment in new activities
SOCIAL Strengthen community resilience, safety and wellbeing, and enhance quality of life for residents and visitors.
URBAN
COMMUNITY
Restore the urban environment to support biodiversity and economic prosperity.
CULTURAL Renew greater Christchurchâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity and its vitality expressed through sport, recreation, art, history, heritage and traditions
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STAKEHOLDER TYPES My approach has been positioned amongst the stakeholders as a way to challenge traditional urban development with a transitional approach. Currently Cera and Christchurch City Council have complete control over the master plan and working in isolation from the needs of people that live and work there. Using a bottom-up community approach places the key responsibility onto groups like ‘Life in Vacant spaces’, ‘Greening the Rubble’, and ‘Gapfiller’. This was an important step in my research process, as it helped me define who the key stakeholders are and what they are doing to help the city.
Life in Vacant Spaces encourages the productive, temporary use of vacant land and buildings around the city. They see temporary use of vacant space as a key social, economic and cultural driver for the city.
Greening the Rubble is a community group that creates temporary public parks and gardens on sites of demolished buildings. GtR are characterised by an urban ecology philosophy to bring more biodiversity into the city. In an attempt to show that better use could be made of these urban grey- field sites
Gap Filler aims to temporarily activate vacant sites within Christchurch with creative projects for community benefit, to make for a more interesting, dynamic and vibrant city.
Consultant DAVE CORNEY
Coordinator RHYS TAYLOR
GtR Coordinator RACHAEL ANNAN
Gap Filler Director CORALIE WINN
Sites Supervisor JONATHAN HALL
Project Co-ordinator RICHARD SEWELL Project Co-ordinator TRENT HILES Director KAILA CORBIN
Sites Supervisor DARCY ARNOLD
The Christchurch City Council has launched a new service to provide a tailored programme of assistance to property and business owners, as well as investors, looking to redevelop or relocate to the Central City
Head Landscape Architect JENNY MOORE
CEO ROGER DENNIS
REBUILD CENTRAL Environmental Manager TRACY WALSH
The Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA) is the agency leading and coordinating the ongoing recovery effort following the devastating earthquakes of September 2010 and February 2011.
Lead the rebuild of Christchurch central and they deliver the vision in the Central City Plan prepared by the Christchurch City Council for a distinctive, vibrant and green 21st century city.
Founder CAMIA YOUNG
Transitional City Projects Advisor LAURA TAYLOR
General Manager JASON PEMBERTON
STAKEHOLDER NEEDS MOST IMPORTANT
LEAST IMPORTANT
Design Lead - Urban Design PIERS TAYLOR TRANSPORT
PUBLIC SPACE
PROFIT
DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENT
COMMERCIAL/ RETAIL
CULTURAL PROGRAM
END USER NEEDS MOST IMPORTANT
LEAST IMPORTANT
TRANSPORT PUBLIC SPACE
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ENVIRONMENT
CULTURAL PROGRAM
COMMERCIAL/ RETAIL
DEVELOPMENT
PROFIT
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TYPOLOGIES OF TRANSITIONAL SPACE CHRISTCHURCH CBD + SURROUNDING
12.
This diagram shows the different typologies of temporary spaces around the city of Christchurch. This was done in order to gage the current approach in activating vacant space. There are currently 18 temporary spaces around the central city, which I have categorized into 5 different typologies that explore the function and program.
03. Outdoor cinema 04.
STAND-IN
01.
Novel Street
02. Worchester St
03. Outdoor cinema 04.
12. 09.
Some projects share multiple typologies and shift category over time as it develops and generates new identities. The one thing that these project share in common is the fact that they are all built on a shortterm basis and have no longterm impact on place.
Mini golf
CONSOLIDATION
04.
M
Stand-In looks at the idea of temporary use having no lasting effect on placeCONSOLIDATION
05.Colombo Street 06. Re:STAR
IMPULSE Temporary use becomes established in long-term.
05.Colombo Street 06. Re:START Mall
07. Gloucester St 08.
The S
07. 09.
11.
After doing this plan it gave me a great understanding of the dis-jointed urban environment and revealed the intent and future aim behind each temporary project. This then lead me to think about how I can design temporary spaces as a greater network and intern form clusters of development to re-activate the central city.
04.
02.
12.
09. New Regend St 10. Oxford T Temporary use may inform surrounding context dependent on it success.
IMPULSE
08. 02.
13. St 08. 07. Gloucester
The Square
11. Manchester st 12.
Pallet P
07. 11.
09. New Regend St 10. Oxford Terrace
08. 02.
02.
12.
16.
13.
11. Manchester st 12.
FREE FLOW
Pallet Pavilion
13. cardoard cathedral 14.
06.
16.
05
13. cardoard cathedral 14.
18.
10.
03. 06.
Free flow looks at a shift in a new location of program as development DISPLACEMENT grows.
15.FREE FLOW
14.
10.
14.
High Street
15.
01.
15.
DISPLACEMENT
05
Liverpool St
16.
18. 01.
17.
15.
Liverpool St
16.
17.Council Building 18.
Sports oval
LEGEND
EXISITNG GREEN SPACE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT RED ZONE - MAY 2013 ANCHOR SITES
20 Tuam st
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URBAN 48 CATALYST LEGEND
Spor
Displacement encounters a shift from the usual temporary location 17.Council Building 18. 20 Tu
17.
03.
High
FOLIE_01
The series of follies below suggests a process of re-organizing new township settlements and a shift in program over time. Through adaptation, the follies are used to show how people can influence / change the programs and activities that occur in the public realm. The first follie is looking at a centralized space where people (poly balls) inform where public space (rubber bands) is used.
WHAT IS TRANSITIONAL?
WHAT IS FIXED?
WHAT IS MOVING?
The above folie shows how people circulate around different hubs of public space, it created techniques that explored the thinking of landscape as transitional. Folie 3 below looks at the idea of programs becoming more spread out and shifting to where people inhabit - this starts to show how a transitional space can become more / less usable over time.
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MONDAY 13/05
T
Urban Catalyst
ST Case Study: Christchurch How might temporary components activate the
RQ urban landscape in vacant or under-utilised sites to
generate an adaptive framework to stimulate future developments?
CLUSTERS OF TRANSITIONAL USE These drawing below explore the idea of transitional use informing long-term development. They were generated as a result of the spatial organizational qualities that were tested in each of the folies. The plans then started to question the idea of how temporary spaces develop.
temporary use as a shelter + refuge out of public realm
experience space alongside everyday working life
greater social intergration + connection
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SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION After the 2011 earthquake 40% of businesses were displaced to the outer suburbs of Christchurch. Business as Usual continues current trends and spreads retail and commercial businesses to around the CBD until infrastructure is re-build in the central city. By 2018, 80% of businesses will be resettled in the central city. The temporary strategies help to activate 1200 businesses back into the CBD in a 5-year time frame.
NORTHLANDS
THE PALMS MALL FENDALTON
MERIVALE
LEGEND OLD BUSINESS LOCATION BUSH INN MALL
RE-LOCATION OF BUSINESSES
EASTGATE MALL
RICCARTON
URBAN ZONE RESIDENTIAL ZONE OPEN SPACE
WESTFIELD MALL
BUSINESS IN CBD FEB 2011 = 5710 BUSINESS IN CBD FEB 2013 = 3426 (40% LOSS) SYDENHAM
FERRYMEAD
By 2018, 80% of businesses will be resettled in the central city
WOOLSTON ADDINGTON
NEW LOCATION : FERRYMEAD EASTGATE MALL WOOLSTON MERIVALE ADDINGTON SYDENHAM NORTHLANDS WESTFIELD MALL RICCARTON FENDALTON BUSH INN MALL
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MONDAY 20/06
T
Urban Catalyst
ST Adaptive Frameworks for Urban Activation How can key anchor projects be designed as cataRQ lysts for activating the urban landscape in vacant or under-utilized sites?
LEGEND MAIN ROADS EXISTING URBAN AREA REDEVELOPMENT NEW HOUSING CHRISTCHURCH BOUNDARY
DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING
NTS
As a result of the limited housing within the inner city, development spreads out around the Greater Christchurch area in new subdivisions, with some housing in urban renewal developments. This plan to the right indicates areas where development would generally occur. As activation begins to occur again in the central city, it will provide the opportunity to facilitate medium density housing around community and retail areas. This will be a way to bring people back and create lively neighborhoods of interaction.
PEGASUS BAY RANGINRS WOODEND
KAIAPOI
OHOKA
WAIMAKARIRI DISTRICT
BELFAST
MARSHLANDS
YALDHURST WEST MELTON
BURNHAM
PREBBLETON POLLESTON
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LYTTELTON
LINCOLN
SELWYN DISTRICT
IMAGE SOURCES_ news.com.au
HALSWELL
TAI TAPU
BANKS PENINSULA DISTRICT
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MONDAY 20/08
T
Urban Catalyst
ST Adaptive Frameworks for Urban Activation RQ How can temporary urban strategies activate the landscape in vacant or under-utilized sites?
large grain TYPOLOGY OF URBAN FABRIC As a way of understanding the extent of vacant sites, the diagram to the right, attempts to unpack the typology, which the sites comprise of. It shows that there is an even spread of building grain through the central city. Neighborhoods are no longer defined by only one or two activities. City dwellers are increasingly seeking a fine-grain urban fabric, with a mixture of culture, commerce and housing. A lot of the vacant sites will host a range of programs on the one block and therefore change the footprint of the urban fabric in the future.
small grain
buildings
vacant sites rubble URBAN 58 CATALYST
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temporary activities form in clusters in specific areas within the central city
MONDAY 18/09
1
Urban Catalyst
Legend
ST Adaptive Frameworks for Urban Activation
temporary projects
creates the identity for the city
ECONOMIC stability in local 3 Builds communities and neighborhoods,
links / connections
landscape of the disaster prone environment of Christchurch inorder to aid itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s recovery and potentially to reconsider itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future?
RECONSTRUCTION seeks to reestablish and improve infrastructure, housing and pre-disaster services and social conditions.
2 PUBLIC + PRIVATE development
council / agency projects
RQ How can transitional strategies activate the urban
public + private developm creates the identity for the
clusters
RECOVERY APPROACH
temporary activities form in clusters in specific areas within the central city
My approach for redeveloping the city follows 3 phases of demolition, restoration and reconstruction, which embodies temporary strategies. These phases indicate what to expect as the community moves from emergency response to longer-term recovery. If there is another earthquake at any point, the strategies are set in place to deal with immediate recovery needs and are adaptable to ground conditions.
public investment provides the catalyst for private development linking development precincts
public + private development creates the identity for the city
RECONSTRUCTION
temporary projects council / agency projects
ORAT
links / connections
temporary projects council / agency projects links / connections
1
public investment provides the catalyst for private development linkingfocuses development precincts RESTORATION on public and social services, livelihoods, education and making changes needed due to the disaster impact.
REST
clusters
temporary activities form in clusters in specific areas within the central city
CE SCEN QUIE
ION
T
public investment provides the catalyst for private development linking development precincts
public + private development AFTER creates the identity for the city
of longer-term landscape 2 Implimentation strategies which gives local ownership
RESPONSE
humanitarian activity with longer 3 Linking term development plans.
DE
MO
clusters
1
MITIGATION
RECOVERY BEFORE
PREPARATION
LIT
ION
CT
PA
M E-I
PR
Ongoing RESPONSE focuses on reducing vulnerability and meeting basic needs e.g. family tracing, food, nutrition, health care, sanitation, water, shelter.
2 DEMOLITION of rubble takes place over a number of months
ACTIVITIES begin to form 3 TEMPORARY in specific areas of the city.
temporary activities form in clusters in specific areas within the central city
public investment provides the catalyst for private development linking development precincts
pu cre
temporary projects council / agency projects links / connections clusters
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(04) APPROACH
THE PROBLEM
DEMOLITION
THE OPPORTUNITY
RESTORATION
STREET / PEDESTRIAN / CIRCULATION / ACCESS
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DAMAGE + EFFECTS
CHRISTCHURCH
SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION
FEBRUARY 2011 EARTHQUAKE
INITIATE MOBILIZE
ECONOMIC
CLAIM REINSTATE
COACH
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE
REUSE//RECOVER
(RE) ASSEMBLE
CONFINE + CONNECT
-AUS
TRAL
IAN
PLAT
E
- Environmental conditions - Post-disaster design - Japan 311 - Landscape architecture systems time, space + cycle - Temporary Urbanism (bottom-up)
RECONSTRUCTION
RECREATION / COMMUNITY
INDO
+
EVALUATION
CHRISTCHURCH
= HUMAN SCALE
LARGE SCALE FRAMEWORK
POSITIVE - Chance to rebuild urban strategy
INFRASTRUCTURE
RETHINKING THE CITY
REACTION AGAINST // REACTION WITH traditional urban development
- Bring community closer - New Identity for the city
END RESULT EXTENT OF EXISITNG CBD
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
NEGATIVE EXTENT OF PROPOSED CBD
ENABLE SIDEWALK
FORMALISE MOBILE GARDEN
POP-UP LANEWAY
PARALLEL PARK
EXPLOIT PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
INTEGRATE
(RE) FORM
transitional urban development
- Loss of lives / buildings
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
- Reduces local character - Cost of rebuild
REFLECTION
END RESULT
INFORMS NEW URBAN CONDITION
DESIGN PRINCIPLES: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES - DYNAMIC AND OPEN - ADAPTABLE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES. - UNDERSTANDING POTENTIALS - SHAPING FORM TO MAXIMISE EFFECTS
RULES: utilise unused + vacant space
integrated transportation
create nodes of program
re-appropriation of form
active + passive
environmental condition
relationship to context
intimate public space
REACTS TO
green space
DEMO LITION
manual CHAPTER 04
The demolition phase happens at a point when it is safe to return to the central city. With road works and the distant sounds of machinery, the city center becomes alive again with activity. After the earthquake event, contractors begin to demolish unsafe and damaged buildings as well as make safe building. This is where my project comes in, with the 6 of the 13 urban strategies activating vacant blocks that have been cleared and under-utilized streetscapes. The demolition phase aims to repair, patch and plan for the future. Firstly basic human needs are addressed with regards to health and safety. It is then the objective to provide spaces and activities that reconnect people with the central city. This is a way to offer commercial services, activate public spaces and help local people earn an income. During this time after the earthquake it is deeply disorienting. The recognition of street names and intersections are relevant but spaces will completely change. The urban strategies are a direct response to the neighborhoods desire for more green spaces and spaces that facilitate activities. These small-scale interventions contribute to the larger urban landscape to form networks of activation.
PHASES OF DEMOLITION
4 MONTHS
6 MONTHS
8 MONTHS
6 MONTHS
During the 10-month phase of demolition 50% of streets are closed due to trucks coming in and out clearing rubble. As shown above the demolition of buildings takes place in 3 phases, this allows for certain streets to be activated with temporary programs while demolition can occur around. Pedestrians are able to circulate and access around particular streets, which enables them to engage with the city that once existed and also show how the redevelopment will occur through the temporary strategies.
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JAMES M. MAYO
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COUNCIL -
CONFINE + CONNECT
CITY AGENCIES -
POP-UP LANEWAY
LAND OWNERS INVESTORS -
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS ARCHITECTS PLANNERS NON-PROFITS ENTREPREUNERS -
STAKEHOLDERS
“TEMPORARY LANDSCAPES ARE PLACES THAT EXPRESS CURRENT EVENTS THAT MAY OR MAY NOT BE REPEATED. TEMPORARY SPACES CAN BE DEFINED AS THE DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SOCIAL EVENTS AND PHYSICAL ALTERATIONS TO THE LANDSCAPE. SOME TEMPORARY LANDSCAPES ARE SEASONAL AND WE EXPERIENCE THEM ON AN ANNUAL BASIS, OTHERS HAVE TEMPORARY CONDITIONS THAT WE ENCOUNTER EVERY WEEK OR EVERY DAY. THE OCCURRENCE OF PREPARING A PLACE, HOLDING AN EVENT AND RECONVERTING A PLACE TO ITS LONG-TERM USE CREATES A SERIES OF CONDITIONS THAT ARE UNIQUE”
LOCAL ACTIVISTS COMMUNITY GROUPS -
PARALLEL PARK
(RE)FORM
PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE
SIDEWALK
REINSTATE
(RE) ASSEMBLE
MOBALISE
ARTISTS -
MOBILE GARDEN
REUSE // RECOVER
STRATEGIES UNSANCTIONED
LAND OWNERS
CITY AGENCIES
COMMUNITY GROUPS
COUNCIL
HYBRID
SANCTIONED
As particular activation and planning begins to happen throughout the demolition phase, key stakeholders are engaged to execute the projects. These range from individuals to private landowners to community groups and city agencies. Each of these has a major role in the recovery process of the central city. My approach engages community groups, which become the key project managers and act as mediators between land owners, the city council and agencies.
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MOST IMPORTANT
The strategies are a way for my project to investigate new avenues towards an alternative form of urban development. The strategies are a reflection of the community’s wishes for a more sustainable, green and adaptable city and are able to be deployed at any stage during the rebuild. The focus of this approach is the designing of spaces by users with little capital who become active in their own right. The goal in this research is to synchronize the stages of formal planning with the phases of informal activation. The process aims to establish incremental development, which is build through the social and cultural aspects in local communities.
ENVIRONMENT
PUBLIC SPACE
CULTURAL PROGRAM
SOCIAL
Renew greater Christchurch’s identity and its vitality expressed through sport, recreation, art, history, heritage and traditions
Restore the urban environment to support biodiversity and economic prosperity.
ECONOMIC
COMMERCIAL/ RETAIL
Revitalise christchurch central city as the heart of a properuous region for business, work, education, and increased investment in new activities
Strengthen community resilience, safety and wellbeing, and enhance quality of life for residents and visitors.
DEVELOPMENT
LEAST IMPORTANT
CULTURAL
URBAN
STAKEHOLDERS
ORDER OF EVENTS
NEEDS
TRANSPORT
PROFIT
1
Establish new social and health support and service delivery models
2
Heritage Identification
3
Begin demolition of damaged buildings
CITY AGENCIES
REBUILD CENTRAL LAND OWNERS
4
Planning and supporting community resilience
5
Begin restoration and adaptive reuse of heritage features
6
Complete decisions of land zones + geotechnical issues
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
7
Continue repair of infrastructure and make decisions about longterm repair
CONTRACTORS
8
Restore access to all transportation networks in central city
9
Begin recovery plan (including master plan for central city)
INVESTORS
PLANNERS
ARCHITECTS
COMMUNITY GROUPS
ENTREPREUNERS
10 Recovery programs
DEPLOYMENT OF STRATEGIES MOBILIZE
LAND OWNERS
INITIATE
REINSTATE
AGENCIES
INFORMS NEW CONDITION / CATALYST THAT IS RESPONSIVE TO DISASTER
LAND OWNERS
INITIATE
SIDEWALK
LAND OWNERS
AGENCIES
ACTORS
EARTHQUAKE EVENT
ENABLE
REUSE//RECOVER
AGENCIES
INITIATE
LAND OWNERS
ACTORS
MOBILE GARDEN
MEDIATORS
ACTORS
ACTORS
LAND OWNERS
ENABLE
PARALLEL PARK
MEDIATORS
ACTORS
AGENCIES
ENABLE
Engage established and new communities and inform about future planning
DEMOLITION OF BUILDING BEGINS
Make safe or demolish unsafe and damaged buildings
IDENTIFY BUILDINGS
Investigate, scope and initiate recovery programs and initatives
ON-GOING RESPONSE
Address health and safety issues
IMMEDIATE RELIEF
Provide basic human needs and support services
STRATEGIC REVIEW + PLANNING
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SHORT TERM PROVISION OF EMERGENCY SERVICES
RESPONSE
YEAR 0
Establish new social and health support and service delivery models
Continue demolition of damaged buildings
Begin restoration and adaptive reuse of heritage features
Complete decisions of land zones + geotechnical issues Start insurance claims for buildings and land
Planning and supporting community resilience Continue repair of infrastructure and make decisions about long-term repair
Restore access to all transportation networks in central city
Finalise recovery plan (including master plan for central city)
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URBAN STRATEGY
MOBILIZE
01
PART 01
INITIATE
RECYCLABLE CONTAINER WHICH CAN BE CONVERTERED INTO RETAIL SHOPS ONCE DEMOLITION HAS COMPLETED
PORTABLE CONSTRUCTION HUB Self-sufficient unit which services demolition sites.
IN spaces for contested activities. creates new cultural + social programs
The first step in reactivating the city involves a process that happens post earthquake through to the restoration phase. These strategies help residents, construction works, visitors, agencies, property owners and community groups, whose goal is to revive a sizeable urban area with in the central city. They set parameters to which urban activity can occur which attracts a wide variety of users. Within this framework, there then arises a cluster of extremely diverse activities, whose profile and programmatic orientation set networks for future activation to occur.
AMENITY: - power generator - lighting - kitchen - toilet
PART 02
PORTABLE WATER DESALINATION SYSTEMS
WATER STORAGE TANK
DESALINATION SYSTEM
SOLAR PANELS
Portable water purification units provide a reliable supply of fresh drinking water for isolated communities.
TRACKING SYSTEM
PART 03
MOBILE FOOD CARTS
Supplies food and drink to workers / visitors in areas of need
Vendors play a key role in animating the various spaces of a city. This became one of first elements that get introduced back after the earthquake as a way to activate vacant sites for construction workers and visitors. This diagram below shows the clear and simple vending regulations that operate in New York City. This helped me to gage the extent mobile food carts can offer back to the city. IMAGE SOURCE_ http://candychang.com/street-vendor-guide/
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URBAN STRATEGY
02
REINSTATE Lighting is used as a way to light-up streetscapes and construction sites. The portable solar streetlights can easily be transported around to different sites, as it is needed. SOLAR LIGHTING FOR PAVEMENT - used as a wayfinding device
PORTABLE SOLAR STREET LIGHTS
- used by demolition workers and council implementation for streetscapes and vacant spaces where activity occurs
HERITAGE BUILDINGS
88–92 CASHEL STREET
93 CASHEL STREET
682–690 COLOMBO STREET
84 HEREFORD STREET
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88 HEREFORD STREET
47 HEREFORD STREET
128 OXFORD TERRACE
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Solar lighting is used in new pavement on streetscape to light up areas at night. This forms a wayfinding device and starts to set limits on where people can go to during the demolition phase.
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URBAN STRATEGY
03
REUSE//RECOVER
ass l /gl stee te concre er / b m ti
POSITIVES REDUCE WASTE SAVES PRIMARY RESOURCES
/c on cr et e ks
During my time in Christchurch I cam across a company call ‘Rekindle’ which support communities to utilize their wood waste fully and in doing so, maximize the benefits of the purposeful work involved. In making furniture with waste wood Rekindle develops employment opportunities and actively enables youth to gain real and transferable work skills. This established my thinking about reusing materials from the rubble for form elements in streetscapes.
MATERIAL STORAGE SITE
URBAN 76 CATALYST
CASHEL STREET
br ic
PAVING CONNECTION BETWEEN TEMPORARY PROJECTS AS A WAY-FINDING STRATEGY
M
The rubble from demolition sites is recycled to form materials for new streetscapes and open space areas. On each city block there is one material storage site, where rubble is dumped and sorted into skip bins dictated by its type. Once the material is sorted the skip bin can be easily transported to where it is needed. This strategy begins with neighborhood activists but has the potential to transform into a non-profit funded by the city council. This is short-term action can create long-term change.
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GABION WALLS / SEATS / PLANTING SYSTEM
USING RUBBLE
+
=
MATERIAL MATRIX SEATS
TABLES
PAVING
WALLS / FENCES
CONCRETE 20% recycled 5% landfill 75% downcycle
TIMBER
26% recycled 58% landfill 16% downcycle
STEEL
99% recycled 1% landfill
ROOF TILES
BRICKS
GLASS
IMAGE SOURCE_ streetplanscollaborative/docs/tactical_urbanism_vol_2_final
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IDENTIFY AREA FOR ACTIVATION This perspective shows the existing road service lane being activated with modular tree planters and recycled bricks from the rubble. This under-utilized area forms an activation node which sets a frameworks for future economic development.
CITY AGENCIES
LAND OWNERS
CONSTRUCTION OF PEDESTRIAN LINK
LAND OWNERS
CONTRACTORS
COMMUNITY GROUPS
STREETSCAPE ELEMENTS
COMMUNITY GROUPS
EXISTING SERVICE LANE
FOOD VANS
CASHEL STREET + KIVERS LANE
CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY GROUPS
VACANT LAND
Does the vacant site have characteristics that recommend it for a specific function?
YES
NO
DEMOLITION SITE................................................................... (IN)ACTIVE INDUSTRIAL LAND................................................ LAND DAMAGED BY EARTHQUAKE......................................... OPEN SPACE........................................................................... PUBLIC TRANSPORT.............................................................. DENSITY.................................................................................. LAND VALUE............................................................................ AMENITIES.............................................................................. INVESTMENT (PUBLIC + PRIVATE)......................................... VACANCY.................................................................................
current environment condition? no power / water demolition site
does current infrastructure support new activity?
what function should be assigned to the site?
SOCIAL
moderately damaged highly damaged
is the site cleared?
CULTURAL
active areas vacant areas
is there develoment potential?
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
ACTIVATING SPACE This diagram was done in order to show the process of activating a vacant site. It shows the order in which different characteristics and environment conditions change the function of particular sites. Particular areas become recalibrated fast than other based on the ground condition.
URBAN 80 CATALYST
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
how TEMPORARY is the intervention?
MO
MOBILIZE
RE
REINSTATE
RR
REUSE//RECOVER
EV
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE
RA
(RE) ASSEMBLE
CO
CONFINE + CONNECT
SI
SIDEWALK
MG
MOBILE GARDEN
PA
PARALLEL PARK
PO
POP-UP LANEWAY
PA
PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
RF
(RE) FORM 1-9M
10-19M 20-28M
who OWNS these intervention?
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
UNASSIGNED URBAN 81 CATALYST
URBAN STRATEGY
SIDEWALK
04
ACTIVATE THE BUILDING // ACTIVATE THE LANDSCAPE
TURNS SCAFFOLDING ON THE SIDE OF BUILDINGS INTO POP-UP PARKS BY UTILISING ELEMENTS SUCH AS CHAIRS AND PLANTERS.
ENABLE EN activate an urban area to form stronger connections between existing buildings and vacant sites
At this stage in recovery is about enabling and forming clusters of temporary uses for sizable unused areas. The possibilities for activating derelict spaces are pointed out and publicized, access to these spaces is made easier, communication between property owners and potential users is improved. Through the strategies they start to set limits on where people can go to during the demolition phase. This offers spaces, which are adaptable to changing ground conditions and are reactive to after-shocks.
ELEMENTS - PLANTERS + VERTICAL CLIMBERS SEATS LIGHTS COUNTER
The initial step in this strategy is identifying heritage and key buildings that will be restored. As a way of activating the frontage of these buildings, this strategy ‘sidewalk’ aims to turn scaffolding into green vertical gardens, which also allows an area for street furniture including moveable chairs and planters. This area allows for pedestrians to engage with the development of the city as it happens.
STAKEHOLDERS COMMUNITY GROUPS
SHELTER
BUS STOP
BIKE RACK
CONTRACTORS
CITY AGENCIES
LAND OWNERS
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URBAN STRATEGY
URBAN STRATEGY
05
06
MOBILE GARDEN
PARALLEL PARK
SHORT TERM ACTION // LONG TERM CHANGE
RECLAIM SPACE DEVOTED TO CARS , AND INCREASE THE VITALITY OF STREET LIFE
POSITIVES
POSITIVES
NEGATIVES
ENCOURAGES COLLABORATION AMONGST COMMUNITY PROVIDES SPACES FOR ACTIVITY AND LEISURE
CONFLICT WITH THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPERTY OWNERS + CHCH COUNCIL
GENERATES NEW CULTURAL + SOCIAL IMPULSES ENCOURAGES COLLABORATION AMONGST COMMUNITY
NEGATIVES CONFLICT WITH THE OBJECTIVES OF CHCH COUNCIL
ELEMENTS
PROVIDES SPACES FOR ACTIVITY AND LEISURE
TIME
MONTH N
D
J
F M
O S
A M A
J
J
20
22
24
2 4
18 16
6 8 14
12
10
01_GREEN SPACE
PROGRAMS
SITE 01 // COLOMBO STREET
// MEETING PLACE // SEATING AREA // ART PROJECTIONS // TOURIST INFORMATION // BICYCLE PARKING
MOVES THROUGH DIFFERENT SPACES, ACTIVATING ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN PEOPLE + CHALLENGING EVERYDAY LIFE PRACTICES
SITE 02 // HIGH STREET
OCCUPIES FORMER PARKING SPACES, STREET MEDIANS, TRAFFIC TRIANGLES, TRAVEL LANES AND PARKING LOTS OR EXCESS ASPHALT SPACES
PLANTER
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MODULAR BENCHES
MODULAR SEATS
TIMBER PALLET SEATS
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REINSTATE
REUSE//RECOVER
MOBILE GARDEN
MOBALIZE
SIDEWALK
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LEGEND FOOTPATH VACANT SITE RUBBLE COLOMBO STREET
MATERIAL SITES REUSE // RECOVER MOBILE GARDEN 4 MONTH PHASE
PARALLEL PARK
ARMAGH STREET
SIDE WALK (RE) ASSEMBLE EVOLVING GREEN SPACE MOBALISE GLOUCESTER STREET
POP-UP RETAIL
6 MONTH PHASE
POP UP LANEWAY PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
0
N
WORCESTER STREET
8 MONTH PHASE
40m
80m M
SCALE 1:2000 @ A0 CONTEXT MAP
M
HEREFORD STREET M M
M M
M
M
ss l /gla stee ncrete r /co timbe
M te
M
ick
s
/c
on
cre
CASHEL STREET br
REFER DETAIL 01
bricks / concrete
M
M
A
A
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COLOMBO STREET
LICHFIELD STREET
6 MONTH PHASE
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(05) APPROACH
THE PROBLEM
DEMOLITION
THE OPPORTUNITY
RESTORATION
STREET / PEDESTRIAN / CIRCULATION / ACCESS
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DAMAGE + EFFECTS
CHRISTCHURCH
SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION
FEBRUARY 2011 EARTHQUAKE
INITIATE MOBILIZE
ECONOMIC
CLAIM REINSTATE
COACH
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE
REUSE//RECOVER
(RE) ASSEMBLE
CONFINE + CONNECT
-AUS
TRAL
IAN
PLAT
E
- Environmental conditions - Post-disaster design - Japan 311 - Landscape architecture systems time, space + cycle - Temporary Urbanism (bottom-up)
RECONSTRUCTION
RECREATION / COMMUNITY
INDO
+
EVALUATION
CHRISTCHURCH
= HUMAN SCALE
LARGE SCALE FRAMEWORK
POSITIVE - Chance to rebuild urban strategy
INFRASTRUCTURE
RETHINKING THE CITY
REACTION AGAINST // REACTION WITH traditional urban development
- Bring community closer - New Identity for the city
END RESULT EXTENT OF EXISITNG CBD
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
NEGATIVE EXTENT OF PROPOSED CBD
ENABLE SIDEWALK
FORMALISE MOBILE GARDEN
POP-UP LANEWAY
PARALLEL PARK
EXPLOIT PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
INTEGRATE
(RE) FORM
transitional urban development
- Loss of lives / buildings
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
- Reduces local character - Cost of rebuild
REFLECTION
END RESULT
INFORMS NEW URBAN CONDITION
DESIGN PRINCIPLES: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES - DYNAMIC AND OPEN - ADAPTABLE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES. - UNDERSTANDING POTENTIALS - SHAPING FORM TO MAXIMISE EFFECTS
RULES: utilise unused + vacant space
integrated transportation
create nodes of program
re-appropriation of form
active + passive
environmental condition
relationship to context
intimate public space
REACTS TO
green space
RESTO RATION manual CHAPTER 05
RESTORATION The restoration phase is about claiming and formalizing spaces for cultural, social and recreational activities. This becomes the catalyst for economic activity and growth in the future. This works to build resilience in local communities and form networks that are self-sufficient. These areas form a social platform in which many different groups participate including individuals, landowners, community groups and local councils. At this phase in the rebuild more people are beginning to occupy to central city and it is now that people need more open spaces to live, work and play. The restoration phase is made up of 4 urban strategies, which builds from the previous demolition phase but also sets up frameworks for future activation.
URBAN Restore the urban environment to support biodiversity and economic prosperity.
CULTURAL Renew greater Christchurchâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity and its vitality expressed through sport, recreation, art, history, heritage and traditions
VACANT LOT CAR PARKING
SOCIAL Strengthen community resilience, safety and wellbeing, and enhance quality of life for residents and visitors.
ECONOMIC Revitalise christchurch central city as the heart of a properuous region for business, work, education, and increased investment in new activities
Landowners see the potential for their land to become car parks while they wait for insurance money to begin development. This is an easy way for them to develop a small amount of revenue in the short-term. My approach is challenging these landowners to rethink the program of their city blocks to accommodate spaces for cultural, social and recreational activities. This consequently has an impact on the duration of the activities that occur there and makes the landowner reconsider the future of his lot. Building a pocket park or community garden has a greater value to the city as a whole and as a result attracts businesses to setup surrounding this program.
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LE CORBUSIER - URBAN ACTIVATION Temporary space use is a good way to deal with the city at this very moment in time. Le Corbusierâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work with new forms of urbanism inspired me to think about urban development in new and innovative ways. His drawing below portrays the idea of how temporary use can act as catalysts for activate the urban landscape to inform new ways of relating to a city.
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BLOCK TYPOLOGIES
ENVIRONMENT
ORDER OF EVENTS MOST IMPORTANT
NEEDS
PUBLIC SPACE
CULTURAL PROGRAM
1
Establish new social and health support and service delivery models
2
Engage communities about future planning
3
Continue restoration and adaptive reuse of heritage features
4
Planning and supporting community resilience
5
Open space + community restoration
6 7
COMMERCIAL/ RETAIL
TRANSPORT
PROFIT
LEAST IMPORTANT
DEVELOPMENT
STAKEHOLDERS
CITY AGENCIES
REBUILD CENTRAL LAND OWNERS INVESTORS
PLANNERS
Begin to generate nodes of activity through programs
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
Continue repair of infrastructure and make decisions about longterm repair
CONTRACTORS
8
Restore access to all transportation networks in central city
9
Continue recovery plan (including master plan for central city)
large grain
small grain
ARCHITECTS
buildings
COMMUNITY GROUPS
ENTREPREUNERS
10 Begin to build economic structure
vacant sites
rubble
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SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION The restoration phase facilitates for 50% of the 1200 businesses that were displaced due to the earthquake. The central city is alive with activation again making it a destination for not only residence but tourists as well.
NORTHLANDS
LEGEND
THE PALMS MALL FENDALTON
OLD BUSINESS LOCATION
MERIVALE
RE-LOCATION OF BUSINESSES URBAN ZONE RESIDENTIAL ZONE OPEN SPACE
BUSINESS IN CBD FEB 2011 = 5710
BUSH INN MALL
EASTGATE MALL
RICCARTON
BUSINESS IN CBD FEB 2013 = 3426 (40% LOSS) By 2018, 80% of businesses will
WESTFIELD MALL
be resettled in the central city
SYDENHAM
FERRYMEAD
NEW LOCATION : FERRYMEAD EASTGATE MALL WOOLSTON MERIVALE ADDINGTON
WOOLSTON ADDINGTON
SYDENHAM NORTHLANDS WESTFIELD MALL RICCARTON FENDALTON BUSH INN MALL
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URBAN STRATEGY
07
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE 7.1
TRANSITONAL SPACE FOR COMMUNITY USE
CLAIM
COMMUNITY SPACE
‘Evolving green space’ is a strategy that brings temporary public green spaces to the devastated city. This aims to improve areas that are likely to be vacant for periods of time. The targeted interventions facilitate the initial activation of individual spaces resulting in the acceleration of transitional urban communities. These spaces offer ammenties such as urban agriculture, events, markets, cafe, exhibition / artist works, play / performance space, seating area, and street vendors.
CL Cluster of users into existing open space areas as catalyst for growth
The first stage in the restoration phase is about claiming spaces for cultural, social and recreational activities, which sets up the framework for economic activity in the future. This is based on a programmatic idea that generally stands in conflict with the objectives of the property owner and city planning authorities. The intention is to create new public spaces that generate new cultural and social impulses. These projects form a social platform in which many different groups participate including individuals, landowners, community groups and local councils. This presents the opportunity for employment to arise in both the construction and commercial industries.
POSITIVES
MATERIALS
ENCOURAGES COLLABORATION AMONGST COMMUNITY
GRAVEL MULCH TIMBER STONE GRASS STEEL CONCRETE BRICKS
ENABLES SMALL BUSINESSES TO SET UP AGAIN INVITE PEOPLE TO SIT, RELAX, AND INTERACT AND IMPROVES BIODIVERSITY
ELEMENTS GABION STRUCTURE WALLS
TIMBER PALLET BENCH SEATS
RAISED PLANTERS
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FUTURE CAFE SPACE
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LAND OWNERS
CITY AGENCIES
NON-PROFITS
ENTREPREUNERS
URBAN AGRICULTURE // COMMUNITY SPACE
This perspective above shows how vacant lots can become hubs of activation. In this instance a vegetable garden is formed which generates community engagement on a range of scales. This can form small market and the potential for restaurants and cafe to utilize the produce.
USERS
VICTORIA GREEN
148m2
102 URBAN VICTORIA GREEN SITE Victoria St and Salisbury St CATALYST
PRE EARTHQUAKE Corner pocket park
POST EARTHQUAKE
Fenced off from general public
COMPLETED SITE th 12 January 2012
Victoria Green was the first temporary park at the prominent corner of Victoria Street and Salisbury Street. This project was the start of my thinking about activating vacant sites and the process involved with temporary use. This project showcased how a temporary installation can efficiently reactivate a site in the short term, which then has a long-term effect on development surrounding it.
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PROCESS FOR ACTIVATING GREEN SPACE
COMMUNITY VALUE
01 IDENTIFY SITE
TRANSITION OF GREEN SPACE
METHODS
4-12 MONTHS _ DEMOLITION CONSULT LAND OWNERS. AGREEMENT WITH CERA FOR LEASING TERMS
URBAN GARDEN, BIODIVERSITY
LEGEND 13-24 MONTHS _ RESTORATION 25-36 MONTHS _ RECONSTRUCTION
02 GABION WALLS FRAMING. USES RUBBLE FROM BUILDING SITES. NON-PROFIT + COMMUNITY GROUPS FORM. ENGAGE VOLUNTEERS
SOIL RETENTION, SEATING, SAFETY, DIVIDER
03 PAVING + GRASS GRID. AVAILABILITY FROM RUBBLE SITES OR OTHER EVOLVING GREEN SPACES
ACCESSIBILITY, SAFETY
04 RAISED PLANTERS COMPARABILITY, SPATIAL ANALYSIS.
GARDEN, WILDLIFE SEASONALITY, SOCIAL RECOVERY
05 GARDEN BEDS COMPARABILITY, SPATIAL ANALYSIS.
GARDEN, WILDLIFE SEASONALITY, SOCIAL RECOVERY
06 TIMBER BENCH SEAT LINES, TRANSECTS, MEASUREMENT
SEATING, GEOMETRY
07 TEMPORARY CAFE
REBUILD BUSINESS CULTURAL ASPECT, WORKERS + VISITORS
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BUILT ON NEEDS OF LOCAL AREA. CONSULT LOCAL BUSINESSES
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ACTIVITIES: NECESSARY ACTIVITIES - have to take place (going to work or school, or waiting for a bus) OPTIONAL ACTIVITIES - are those that take place if ‘there is a wish and time’ (going for a walk or bike ride) SOCIAL ACTIVITIES - depend on the presence of at least one other person (social events, performing arts and outdoor entertainment)
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1. ENVIRONMENTAL – GREEN AND
RU ST
COMMUNITY SPACES
UR CT
TRANSITONAL SPACE FOR COMMUNITY USE
E
2. SOCIAL – PROVIDE AREAS FOR
sk
roll er b lad ing
tram
bus
train
ate bo
– PROMOTES ACCESSIBILITY
nn
4. ACCESSIBILITY AND
wa
in
in g
ru
co ot er
ng
3. HEALTH AND RECREATIONAL
s
ard ing
cl i cy
Pocket parks are created to provide a place to stop, rest, and play. They act as attractors along the street. The pocket parks take advantage of open lots or derelict properties in the area to create small parks between buildings. The program for the parks relate to the adjacent businesses, and can promote things like outdoor cafes, playgrounds, urban beaches, skate parks, and other activities.
e rbik
INTERACTION
car
to mo
FORMAL AND INFORMAL SOCIAL
POCKET PARKS
The diagram shows the public space requirements that the 3 phases of rebuild require in relation to transportation and programs. This diagram helped me to establish an order of programs that are required as different times during the cycle of rebuilding.
A FR IN
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE 7.2
FUNCTION
g
lki
CONNECTIVITY – PROVIDES THROUGH-BLOCK PEDESTRIAN
fe
ca
gro
LINKAGES
cer
ban
5. AMENITY – OFFERS SHELTER
elec
AND SHADE
cafe /
art g
ng
y
trics
ition
allery
restau
a
em
r cin
doo
out
ks
exhib
rants
bars
play space
clothes / fashion
furniture
interactive wall
art pro
jection
BL
PU
CE
PA IC S
UIR
Q RE
S
perfo
NT
E EM
rma
sea
tin
BB
Q
sk
at
e
01 E
AS
E0
3
E0
2
AS
AS
PH
IO
N_
N_
PH
PH
N_ IO IT OL
TIO
AT
rea
are
a
CO
M
UN
IT
Y
RE
CO
NS
TR
UC
OR ST
ga
n
M
ce
de ar
als
tiv
fes
rg
ye
ra
sic
RE
spa
M
/p
mu ary
libr
street vendors
garden
e
spac
vegetable
ting
mee
DE
rk
ch ur
ch
pa
nce
s
SITRIC ROAD? ART AND LIVABILITY – LEAVE YOUR TAG BELOW The Sitric Compost Garden Community (SCGC) has proposed a community based action research project to develop a proposal for local area regeneration: A feasibility study to explore the benefits of pedestrianising a section of Sitric Road (at the Arbour Hill end between Lilliput Press and Arbour Hill) to create a ‘Pocket Park
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BERGES DE SEINE - PARIS MODULAR BUILDINGS BY SHIGERU BAN: Japanese architect Shigeru Ban devoted most of his officeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s resources to helping the displaced find shelter after the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami. This community, in the town of Onagawa, gave earthquake survivors a place to live as their town was being rebuilt. Stacked shipping containers supply 1800 units of temporary housing, and one very beautiful community center provides meeting space. This precedent helped to establish my understanding of moveable structures that are adaptable and resilient to earthquake events.
Paris is transforming an utterly urban area along the River Seine to a cleaner, greener space. A new Left Bank promenade called the Berges de Seine (Banks of the Seine) was unveiled last month, and is quickly drawing crowds of walkers, cyclists and urbanites seeking a bit of nature.
REBECCA WALK - MARKET & RETAIL Rebecca Walk is Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new artisan market and retail/ service precinct. Offering small businesses and individuals an exciting opportunity to operate their business and/or practice their craft out of a unique working environment.
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RE:START CONTAINER MALL The Re:start mall was originally set up for a 6 month period with the potential for the containers to transition and reactivate other vacant sites around the central city. Since the mall has been so successful it has become a permanent fixture, and had formed the identity of the cities main shopping precinct. Re:START is built on the site of the old Cashel Street pedestrian mall. Made up of 60 shipping containers -
stacked and placed in various configurations and painted in a bright and cheerful palette, which has been fitted out as 27 high-end shops and cafes. The Re:START mall is a tiny purpose built city in the middle of a vast wasteland. People sit, chat, drink coffee, listen to music and the spaces are intimate, sheltered, on a human scale â&#x20AC;&#x201C; they find a receptive public. It is an area where people can feel safe and enjoy the normality of everyday life again, and for a while forget the great strangeness of its context.
FLUX OF PEOPLE
6am
12pm
6pm
12am
FIGURE 01: Perspectivies showing the spatial conditions of the container mall from the point of view of a person walking. They reveal the intimate and exposed public spaces that are formed around the containers container pedestrian movement connection of programs scale of programs density of people
_WHY PEOPLE GO THERE
_No. RETAIL STORES FURNITURE CLOTHES + FASHION BARS CAFE ART GALLERY ELECTRICS BANKS GROCERY
INTIMACY DRINK
FOOD
SHOPPING
_WHAT MAKES IT SUCCESSFUL
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spaces are intimate + sheltered / liverly + cheerful / mix of retail and food / people feel safe + they relax / proximity to street /
MUSIC
SEATING
WALKING
TALKING
CYCLING
FIGURE 02: Diagram which shows the density of people, scale of programs and pedestrian movement around the container mall.
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URBAN STRATEGY
08
TYPES OF BUILDING STRUCTURES EXISTING SHOPS
(RE) ASSEMBLE PROMOTE TEMPORARY USE OF VACANT RETAIL SPACE OR LOTS
POSITIVES ENCOURAGES COLLABORATION AMONGST COMMUNITY
01 Christchurch will be able to facilitate more businesses within the central city and present opportunities for existing businesses to grow. There are 3 different types of building structure, exist shops, container structures and flat pack timber structures. These structures are set up surrounding open space and community areas as a way facilitate a range of programs. The duration of the lease is based on agreements with the landowners.
ENABLES SMALL BUSINESSES TO SET UP AGAIN
TYPES OF BUSINESSES
1
ARTISTS/ARTISANS BIKE SHOP/HIRE DESIGNER STORE (BOUTIQUE FASHION, FURNITURE ETC.) FLORISTS FOOD & BEVERAGE OUTLETS (BAR/CAFÉ/RESTAURANT) FRUIT AND VEGETABLE RETAILER GIFT SHOP ICE CREAMERY JEWELLERS JUICE BARS PERSONAL TRAINERS PHOTOGRAPHY STUDIO TOURISM BOOKING OFFICE
CONTAINER STRUCTURE
2
02
3 4 5 6 7 8 FLATPACK TIMBER STRUCTURE
This strategy aims to build resilient structures that are adaptable to changing ground conditions, which allow businesses to get back on their feet. Through the Berges de Seine precedent the notion of renting out spaces on a short term basis was applied to community spaces. The containers provided an obvious solution to the problem of building a temporary shopping area in an earthquake zone. They’re strong, modular, ubiquitous and most importantly exude a sense of safety in a city fraught with architectural danger.
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03 SPACES FOR RENT
no. 1 - 10 TIME LIMIT
1
hour
2
hours
1 day 2
1
day
1
week
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URBAN STRATEGY
09
KIVERS LANE // CHRISTCHURCH
POP-UP LANE WAY PROVIDE PEDESTRIAN LINKS THROUGH CITY BLOCKS HARDWARE LANE // MELBOURNE
FUNCTION 1. ENVIRONMENTAL – GREEN AND
FORMALISE
COMMUNITY SPACES 2. SOCIAL – PROVIDE AREAS FOR FORMAL AND INFORMAL SOCIAL INTERACTION 3. HEALTH AND RECREATIONAL – PROMOTES ACCESSIBILITY
FO Potential for long term use and improvement to urban condition at certain locations
4. ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTIVITY – PROVIDES THROUGH-BLOCK PEDESTRIAN LINKAGES 5. AMENITY – OFFERS SHELTER AND SHADE
Successful temporary uses have generated specific identities for certain areas, and there is now a desire to use their potential for the longer term. Improvised, informal solutions give way to lasting structures such as leases and planning permits. The goals in this stage are to develop business models in the service of an economic interest; forming the collaboration between neighborhood areas and the programs they can facilitate. Along with the re-settlement of new businesses, these areas enable a stronger connection through the city to form networks.
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Kivers Lane is an existing service laneway, which was previously used for cars and trucks. With the activation of the strategies reuse // recover, mobile garden and (re)assemble the space will be transformed into social strip of cafes, retail and events. The spaces allow for business to be reinstated and grow according to the need of the area.
URBAN 117 CATALYST
PATTERNS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT __MELBOURNE CBD BLOCK
New York City adopted the Commissioners’ Plan of 1811 for a more extensive grid plan. Each block is roughly 82m wide by 320m long and comprizes of corresponding street patterns which are all one-way apart from the arterial roads at either end
Melbourne’s central grid patterned layout, known as the Hoddle grid, was first laid out in 1837. Each block contains main arterial road / laneways / service roads. All major streets are 30 m in width, while all blocks are exactly 10 acres - 201 m × 201 m.
CASHEL STREET
Existing tram line
Existing tram line
Vacant site
Vacant site
Former bus exchange (carpark on rooftop)
CASHEL STREET
The city centre of Christchurch is laid out in a grid pattern, interrupted only by the curvilinear alignment of the Avon River, and the two diagonals High Street and Victoria Street. Each block is made up of one-way streets and the avenues which is reflective of English society.
URBAN 88CBD BLOCK __CHRISTCHIRCH CATALYST
The city centre of Christchurch is laid out in a grid pattern, interrupted only by the curvilinear alignment of the Avon River, and the two diagonals High Street and Victoria Street. Each block is made up of one-way streets and the avenues which is reflective of English society.
MELBOURNE CBD BLOCK
CHCH CBD BLOCK The city centre of Christchurch is laid out in a grid pattern, interrupted only by the curvilinear alignment of the Avon River, and the two diagonals High Street and Victoria Street. Each block is made up of one-way streets and the avenues which is reflective of English society.
__MELBOURNE CBD BLOCK
CASHEL STREET
URBAN 88 CATALYST
__CHRISTCHIRCH CBD BLOCK
Melbourne’s central grid patterned layout, known as the Hoddle grid, was first laid out in 1837. Each block contains main arterial road / laneways / service roads. All major streets are 30 m in width, while all blocks are exactly 10 acres - 201 m × 201 m.
Melbourne’s central grid patterned layout, known as the Hoddle grid, was first laid out in 1837. Each block contains main arterial road / laneways / service roads. All major streets are 30 m in width, while all blocks are exactly 10 acres - 201 m × 201 m.
PATTERNS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
__CHRISTCHIRCH CBD BLOCK
The city centre of Christchurch is laid out in a grid pattern, interrupted only by the curvilinear alignment of the Avon River, and the two diagonals High Street and Victoria Street. Each block is made up of one-way streets and the avenues which is reflective of English society.
New York City adopted the Commissioners’ Plan of 1811 for a more extensive grid plan. Each block is roughly 82m wide by 320m long and comprizes of corresponding street patterns which are all one-way apart from the arterial roads at either end
__NEW YORK CBD BLOCK
New York City adopted the Commissioners’ Plan of 1811 for a more extensive grid plan. Each block is roughly 82m wide by 320m long and comprizes of corresponding street patterns which are all one-way apart from the arterial roads at either end
URBAN 88 CATALYST
NEW YORK CBD BLOCK
PATTERNS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
__NEW YORK CBD BLOCK
PATTERNS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
CASHEL STREET
Former bus exchange (carpark on rooftop)
Carpark
LICHFIELD STREET
Carpark
LICHFIELD STREET
LICHFIELD STREET
LICHFIELD STREET
0
N 10m
20m
SCALE 1:1000 @ A0
URBAN 118 CATALYST
URBAN 119 CATALYST
KIVERS LANE RETAIL AREA This perspective attempts to display how the laneway operates as a pedestrian retail strip. The containers provided an obvious solution to the problem of building a temporary shopping area in an earthquake zone. Theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re strong, modular, ubiquitous and most importantly exude a sense of safety in a city fraught with architectural danger. This area offers a space where by workers; tourists and locals can migrate to, which attempts to reinstate a sense of normality once more.
INTIMACY
retail shop
URBAN 120 CATALYST
pedestrian walkway
retail shop
DRINK
FOOD
SHOPPING
MUSIC
SEATING
WALKING TALKING CYCLING
existing building
URBAN 121 CATALYST
URBAN STRATEGY
10
STREETCORNER IN BROOKLYN phase 01 (3MONTHS)
PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
vacant site since 2005
HI
G
RECLAIM UNDER-UTILISED AREA AS PUBLIC SPACE GENERATES NEW CULTURAL + SOCIAL IMPULSES ENCOURAGES COLLABORATION AMONGST COMMUNITY
ST
RE
ET
NEGATIVES CONFLICT WITH THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPERTY OWNERS + CHCH COUNCIL
Mini mart (to be restored)
PROVIDES SPACES FOR ACTIVITY AND LEISURE
REIMAGINE THE POTENTIAL OF STREETS ENCOURAGE PEDESTRIAN ACTIVITY FOSTER NEIGHBORHOOD INTERACTION SUPPORT LOCAL BUSINESSES
antique store (to be restored)
Business offices (to be restored)
Vacant spaces can often be “rough” areas, and in certain places can become bad neighborhoods. The use of temporary activities can therefore help to give a new life to these areas. As an example, a street corner in Brooklyn, New York, was occupied by prostitutes and drug dealers until the local merchants and community decided to turn it into a “pedestrian plaza”, drastically reducing crime in the area. This precedent informed the notions that make up the pavement to plaza strategy as a way to reclaim under-utilized areas as public space.
EXISTING GARDEN BED
MANCHESTER STREET
POSITIVES
H
HIGH STREET TRIANGLE
office building (to be restored)
Java coffee houe (to be restored)
Majestic theatre (to be restored)
PLAZA SPACE FOR PEDESTRIANS + BICYCLISTS
BICYCLE LANE
LICHFIELD STREET
TIMES SQAURE
N
LEGEND lane way strip with cafe’s and retail shops (to be reconstructed)
existing building to be restored
VACANT SITE USED FOR CARPARKING (previously food court building)
building in progress to be reconstructed vacant site existing concrete paving garden bed
0
PREVIOUS CONDITION
3 wise men pub (to be restored)
mexician restaurant to be restored
previously pizza bar (to be reconstructed)
20m
SCALE 1:1000 @ A0
phase 04
phase 03
phase 02
10m
PROGRAMS
TEMPORARY CHANGES TO TIMES SQUARE, NYC
URBAN 122 CATALYST
// MEETING PLACE // STREET VENDORS // SEATING AREA // ART PROJECTIONS // EXHIBITIONS // CAFE // BICYCLE PARKING
Temporary cafe
Bus stop
URBAN 123 CATALYST
LANEWAY CONNECTION breaking the city grid
0
20m
10m
SCALE 1:1000 @ A0
N
economic generators 1 2 3 4
NEIGHBORHOOD / COMMUNITY ACTIVITY AREA
5 6 7 8
v5
BASKETBALL MARKETS CAFE / BARS RETAIL LANEWAY PEDESTRIAN ACTIVE ZONE OPEN SPACE STAGE / EVENT VEGETABLE GARDEN PLAYGROUND ARTIST WORKS FOOD VANS
EXISTING BUILDINGS / LANEWAY
BUILDING RETAIL LANEWAY PEDESTRIAN PASSIVE ZONE
v1
INTERSECTION POCKET PARK
MIXED-USE OPEN SPACE SEATING AREAS ARTWORK / PASSIVE ZONE BICYCLE NETWORK FOOD VANS MOBILE GARDEN MEETING POINT
v4
v3
PEDESTRIAN SHOPPING STRIP
PEDESTRIAN LANEWAY MULTI-USE FACILITY CAFE RETAIL PASSIVE ZONE
LEGEND v2
STREET TREES
EXISTING TREES EXISTING BUILDINGS TRANSIENT BUILDING STRUCTURE RECYCLED BRICKS TIMBER PLATFORM MULCH VACANT BLOCK MODULAR PLANTERS GRASS RUBBLE CARPARK FOOTPATH
124
URBAN CATALYST
ROAD
URBAN 125 CATALYST
(06) APPROACH
THE PROBLEM
DEMOLITION
THE OPPORTUNITY
RESTORATION
STREET / PEDESTRIAN / CIRCULATION / ACCESS
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DAMAGE + EFFECTS
CHRISTCHURCH
SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION
FEBRUARY 2011 EARTHQUAKE
INITIATE MOBILIZE
ECONOMIC
CLAIM REINSTATE
COACH
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE
REUSE//RECOVER
(RE) ASSEMBLE
CONFINE + CONNECT
-AUS
TRAL
IAN
PLAT
E
- Environmental conditions - Post-disaster design - Japan 311 - Landscape architecture systems time, space + cycle - Temporary Urbanism (bottom-up)
RECONSTRUCTION
RECREATION / COMMUNITY
INDO
+
EVALUATION
CHRISTCHURCH
= HUMAN SCALE
LARGE SCALE FRAMEWORK
POSITIVE - Chance to rebuild urban strategy
INFRASTRUCTURE
RETHINKING THE CITY
REACTION AGAINST // REACTION WITH traditional urban development
- Bring community closer - New Identity for the city
END RESULT EXTENT OF EXISITNG CBD
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
NEGATIVE EXTENT OF PROPOSED CBD
ENABLE SIDEWALK
FORMALISE MOBILE GARDEN
POP-UP LANEWAY
PARALLEL PARK
EXPLOIT PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
INTEGRATE
(RE) FORM
transitional urban development
- Loss of lives / buildings
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
- Reduces local character - Cost of rebuild
REFLECTION
END RESULT
INFORMS NEW URBAN CONDITION
DESIGN PRINCIPLES: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES - DYNAMIC AND OPEN - ADAPTABLE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES. - UNDERSTANDING POTENTIALS - SHAPING FORM TO MAXIMISE EFFECTS
RULES: utilise unused + vacant space
integrated transportation
create nodes of program
re-appropriation of form
active + passive
environmental condition
relationship to context
intimate public space
REACTS TO
green space
RECON STRUCTION manual CHAPTER 06
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
RECONSTRUCTION After the phases of demolition and restoration there is a substantial amount of activity happening around the city and it is now that users and interested parties are given support and linked together into networks. The reconstruction phase seeks to stimulate development through informal and strategic urban regeneration. Targeted interventions facilitate the initial activation of individual spaces resulting in the acceleration of transitional urban communities.
Temporary use as a catalyst
Business are reformulated in areas that have strong cultural and recreational networks, further, creating joint platforms for programs to occur. The networks comprise of business, recreation and community programs, which enables a greater framework for economic recovery. At this stage fostering neighborhood interaction is key to recovery processes.
Catalyst business start up Increase footfall
Surrounding buildings benefit from increase in people
People begin to congregate
Result of temporary use
This phase challenges landowners to reevaluate and rework the function of their site for future use. It places them as the key project manager to actively design the city, which further reduces the responsibility of city agencies and council.
$$$
Opportunity for small business / markets stalls in-between catalyst
URBAN Restore the urban environment to support biodiversity and economic prosperity.
URBAN 128 CATALYST
CULTURAL Renew greater Christchurchâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity and its vitality expressed through sport, recreation, art, history, heritage and traditions
SOCIAL Strengthen community resilience, safety and wellbeing, and enhance quality of life for residents and visitors.
ECONOMIC Revitalise christchurch central city as the heart of a properuous region for business, work, education, and increased investment in new activities
Market stalls become permenant People begin to congregate
Catalyst business start up Increase footfall
$$$
Looking at the economics of growth and how that influences future development is a fundamental aspect of my design process. The idea that vacant sites are activated with a program then becomes the catalyst to generate growth. This has a flow on effect as the site will continue to change over time. As people begin to congregate around these spaces, they have the opportunity to dictate the success or failure of sites becoming activated.
Temporary use as a catalyst Temporary use as a catalyst Catalyst business start up Increase footfall
Surrounding buildings benefit Surrounding buildings benefit from increase in people from increase in people Opportunity for small business / markets Result of temporary use Result of temporary use stalls in-between catalyst
People begin to congregate People begin to congregate
Catalyst business start up Increase footfall
Market stalls become permenant
Temporary Temporary use as use a catalyst as a catalyst People People beginbegin to congregate to congregate
Catalyst Catalyst business business start start up up Increase Increase footfall footfall
Temporary Temporary use as use a catalyst as a catalyst
Surrounding Surrounding buildings buildings benefit benefit from from increase increase in people in people
$ $$$$ $
People People beginbegin to congregate to congregate
Result Result of temporary of temporary use use Market Market stallsstalls become become permenant permenant
$$$
Catalyst Catalyst business business start start up up Increase Increase footfall footfall
$ $$$$ $
Opportunity for for Opportunity smallsmall business / markets business / markets stallsstalls in-between catalyst in-between catalyst
People People beginbegin to congregate to congregate
Result Result of temporary of temporary use use
Temporary Temporary use as use a catalyst as a catalyst
Surrounding Surrounding buildings buildings benefit benefit from from increase increase in people in people
Catalyst Catalyst business business start start up up Increase Increase footfall footfall
Result Result of temporary of temporary use use Opportunity Opportunity for for smallsmall business business / markets / markets stallsstalls in-between in-between catalyst catalyst
$$$
Surrounding Surrounding buildings buildings benefit benefit from from increase increase in people in people
$ $$$$ $
Temporary Temporary use as use a catalyst as a catalyst
Surrounding Surrounding buildings buildings benefit benefit from from increase increase in people in people
Opportunity Opportunity for for smallsmall business business / markets / markets stallsstalls in-between in-between catalyst catalyst
Temporary Temporary use as use a catalyst as a catalyst People People beginbegin to congregate to congregate
Catalyst Catalyst business business start start up up Increase Increase footfall footfall
Result Result of temporary of temporary use use
$ $$$$ $
Temporary Temporary use as use a catalyst as a catalyst Catalyst Catalyst business business start start up up Increase footfall Increase footfall
People People beginbegin to congregate to congregate
Catalyst Catalyst business business start start up up Increase Increase footfall footfall
Result Result of temporary of temporary use use
Surrounding Surrounding buildings buildings benefit benefit from from increase increase in people in people
People People beginbegin to congregate to congregate
Surrounding Surrounding buildings buildings benefit benefit from from increase increase in people in people Result Result of temporary of temporary use use
Market Market stallsstalls become become permenant permenant
Opportunity Opportunity for for smallsmall business business / markets / markets stallsstalls in-between in-between catalyst catalyst
$ $$$$ $
Market Market stallsstalls become become permenant permenant
$ $$$$ $
Market Market stallsstalls become become permenant permenant Opportunity for for Opportunity smallsmall business / markets business / markets stallsstalls in-between catalyst in-between catalyst
Opportunity for Opportunity for small business / marketssmall business / markets stalls in-between catalyststalls in-between catalyst
Market Market stallsstalls become become permenant permenant
Opportunity for for Opportunity smallsmall business / markets business / markets stallsstalls in-between catalyst in-between catalyst
Market Market stallsstalls become become permenant permenant
Market stalls become permenant Market stalls become permenant
URBAN 129 CATALYST
ENVIRONMENT
large grain
ORDER OF EVENTS
NEEDS MOST IMPORTANT
BLOCK TYPOLOGIES
PUBLIC SPACE
1
Continue rebuild and reconstruction of urban areas
2
Further communities about future planning
3
Planning and supporting community resilience
5
Economic structure nodes of activation
PROFIT
LEAST IMPORTANT
TRANSPORT
REBUILD CENTRAL LAND OWNERS INVESTORS
through PLANNERS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
7
Continue to construct transitional buildings for entertainment and retail
CONTRACTORS
8
Restore access to all transportation networks in central city
9
Continue repair of infrastructure and make decisions about longterm repair
small grain
buildings
CITY AGENCIES
Continue to implement recovery programs
6
DEVELOPMENT
Continue restoration and adaptive reuse of heritage features
4
CULTURAL PROGRAM
COMMERCIAL/ RETAIL
STAKEHOLDERS
ARCHITECTS
COMMUNITY GROUPS
ENTREPREUNERS
10 On-going develop to urban condition
vacant sites
The majority of vacant site become activated in the reconstruction phase, as shown above.
URBAN 130 CATALYST
URBAN 131 CATALYST
SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION By the reconstruction phase 80% of all businesses are set up again in the central city. The 20% of businesses are happy to not return as they are set up in their current location.
NORTHLANDS
LEGEND OLD BUSINESS LOCATION
THE PALMS MALL FENDALTON
RE-LOCATION OF BUSINESSES
MERIVALE
URBAN ZONE RESIDENTIAL ZONE OPEN SPACE
BUSINESS IN CBD FEB 2011 = 5710 BUSH INN MALL
BUSINESS IN CBD FEB 2013 = 3426
EASTGATE MALL
RICCARTON
(40% LOSS) By 2018, 80% of businesses will be resettled in the central city
WESTFIELD MALL
NEW LOCATION : FERRYMEAD
SYDENHAM
FERRYMEAD
EASTGATE MALL WOOLSTON MERIVALE ADDINGTON SYDENHAM NORTHLANDS
WOOLSTON ADDINGTON
WESTFIELD MALL RICCARTON FENDALTON BUSH INN MALL
URBAN 132 CATALYST
URBAN 133 CATALYST
COACH CO spaces are linked together into flexible network of joint platforms
After the phases of demolition and restoration there is a substantial amount of activity happening around the city and it is now that users and interested parties are given support and linked together into networks. This leads to the creation of joint platforms, which increases the network’s public presence and lend its members greater weight for carrying out their objectivities. The networks comprise of business, recreation and community links, which enables a greater platform for economic recovery, which fosters neighborhood interaction. ‘Coach’ aims to build transport and pedestrian links around the central city that reconnect nodes to the greater network.
“There has been relatively little analysis of the importance of interim, short-term or ‘meanwhile’ activities in urban areas. In an era of increasing pressure on scarce resources, we cannot wait for long-term solutions to vacancy or dereliction. Instead, we need to view temporary uses as increasingly legitimate and important in their own right. They can be a powerful tool through which we can drip-feed initiatives for incremental change — as and when we have the resources — while being guided by a loose-fit vision.” Peter Bishop
URBAN 134 CATALYST
URBAN 135 CATALYST
11
5 min walk
URBAN STRATEGY
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT 4 min walk
CONFINE + CONNECT BUILD CONNECTIONS BETWEEN EXISTING + NEW NODES 2 min walk
EDGES:
THEY ARE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN TWO PHASES, LINEAR BREAKS IN CONTINUITY.”
10 min walk
CONSIDERED AS PATHS BY THE OBSERVER.
5 min walk
‘Confine + Connect’ aims to build connections and relationships between existing and new nodes around the central city. This strategy’s intent is to target social, cultural and business nodes which are disconnected from the greater network of the city.
“ARE THE LINEAR ELEMENTS NOT USED OR
2 min walk
DIVIDING LINES BETWEEN DISTRICTS-
6 min walk
1 min walk
LIMITS ON PUBLIC SPACE DEFINES EDGES / BOUNDARIES OF PLACE ENCOURAGE PEDESTRIAN + CYCLING ACTIVITY
4 min walk
6 min walk
5 min walk
AVERAGE WALKING SPEED - 5KM PER HOUR
SCENARIO 01
AVERAGE RUNNING SPEED - 12KM PER HOUR
This scenario explores the adaptation of an existing green space into an outdoor cafe space as dictated by it’s contextual identity. Because of the cafe’s success it then becomes a larger cafe / dining facility which forms a meeting place for people and activity.
AVERAGE CYCLING SPEED - 25KM PER HOUR
CLAIM
ENABLE
identify area for development
temporary cafe program introduced
FORMALIZE
form connection between spaces
COACH
SUPPORT
cafe program implemented for long term
cafe extended into dining + meeting space
temporary cafe
EXISTING CONDITION
cafe space extended
TEMPORARY PROGRAM
2 YEAR PREDICTION
SCENARIO 02 Scenario 02 shows the transformation of an existing art gallery into temporary artists works. This in-turn becomes part of the streetscape and dictates the future development around it. The artist works then generates programs as cafes and a performance space
CLAIM
ENABLE
identify area for development
temporary artist work installed
FORMALIZE
build connection between ‘hotspots’
COACH
SUPPORT
artist works become part of streetscape
streetscape dictated by artist works
existing art gallery art gallery rebuilt
EXISTING CONDITION
URBAN 136 CATALYST
TEMPORARY PROGRAM
2 YEAR PREDICTION
URBAN 137 CATALYST
INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF A STREETSCAPE CATHEDRAL SQUARE
LEGEND PEDESTRAIN BICYCLE CAR TRAM EXISTING BUILDINGS NEW DEVELOPMENT 600m WALKABLE CATCHMENT
HEREFORD STREET
This plan to the left shows the overall spatial layout of High Street. Each red circle indicates a 600-meter walk able catchment from a key area. Each area can facilitate a range of mix-use programs that work in with each other. The sequence of plans below explore the notion of incremental development based on the recovery process through cultural, social and economic structure.
souvlaki bar
coffee club subway pharmacy cafe / dining space
COLOMBO STREET
RE:START MALL
cafe
retail centre + office
office + cafes
all seasons hotel
surf shop
restaurant
m
hunters + collectors
CARPARK
600 accountants cafe
majestic theatre
HI H G ET
RE
ST art gallery
cafe
music school
URBAN 138 CATALYST
URBAN 139 CATALYST
12 INTEGRATE URBAN STRATEGY
BUILD NEIGHBORHOOD INTERACTION SUPPORT - position projects so that development opportunities are created around them
SUPPORT
ATTRACT - Invite and attract people as a place to live, work, play, learn, visit and Invest
(RE) ASSEMBLE
EX
FOSTER NEIGHBORHOOD INTERACTION BUILDS SOCIAL + CULTURAL PATTERNS
Pursuing interest in certain program which has a direct relationship with context
‘Support’ brings together a variety of art, food and retail uses to a single location. This is done to generate needed revenue for the landowner / developer, raise the community’s awareness about the neighborhoods long-term potential, and to build a resilient community while supporting local entrepreneurs. This aims to pursue interest in certain programs, which have a direct relationship with it surrounding context.
MOBILIZE RE-LOCATABLE BUSINESSES. CONTAINERS CAN BE RECYCLED / REUSED / REFORMATED IN OTHER AREAS OF THE CITY. THEY CAN BE PUT TOGETHER IN DIFFERENT NUMBERS AND BECOME A REUSABLE RESOURCE FOR THE CITY.
PHASE 01
roads + footpaths
URBAN 140 CATALYST
PHASE 02
social + cultural
PHASE 03 economical
PHASE 04
future framework
PHASE 05
joint platform
URBAN 141 CATALYST
URBAN STRATEGY
(RE) FORM
13 figure 02__LOCATION PLAN
BUILD CONNECTIONS BETWEEN EXISTING + NEW NODES
figure 03__EXISTING ANALYSIS OF PROGRAMS
FIGURE 04__PROPOSED PROGRAMS
RELATIONSHIP TO STREET PEOPLE FEEL SAFE UNDER TREES PEOPLE USE STEPS AS SEATS PEOPLE WONT STOP IN LARGE SPACES TO TALK INTIMATE SPACE The successful aspects of projects are exploited to give a greater connection between programs. This builds a framework based on contextual identity for future development
FIGURE 02: Location plan of vacant site which connects onto the west side of the Re:START mall and interacts with the streetscape
FIGURE 03: Diagram showing the scale of existing programs that currently occupy this vacant site.
FIGURE 04: Diagram showing the scale of proposed programs on site.
FIGURE 01__SCALE OF PROGRAMS STREET FURNITURE (bins / seats / signs) SMALL GRAIN BUILDINGS / PROGRAM
utilise unused + vacant space
re-appropriation of form
integrated transportation
relationship to context
create nodes of program
STREETSCAPE LARGE GRAIN BUILDING / PROGRAM CARPARKING
environmental condition
active + passive
green space
intimate public space
FIGURE 01: This diagram was done in order to understand the grain of programs that is occurring at the scale of the city block. As shown by the grey circles, there are defined areas with the same scale happening. In order for this block to function well it would be better if there were a greater combination of programs happening in the same space.
URBAN 142 CATALYST
URBAN 143 CATALYST
EXISITNG BUILDING
EXISITNG BUILDING
TEMPORARY RUGBY OVAL
TEMPORARY CARPARK OUTDOOR CAFE EXISITNG BUILDING EXISITNG BUILDING
RETAIL STRIP
LINK TO RE:START CONTAINER MALL EXISITNG BUILDING
OUTDOOR CAFE EXISITNG BUILDING
MOVABLE PLANTER
LANDSCAPE BUFFER EXISITNG BUILDING
BIKE PATH EXISITNG BUILDING
EXISITNG BUILDING
TRAM TRACK EXISITNG BUILDING
RAISED PLANTER MOVABLE PLANTER
URBAN 144 CATALYST
URBAN 145 CATALYST
ADAPTABLE NEIGHBOURHOODS This perspective shows how open space and retail areas interact with the streetscape. This leads to the creation of joint platforms, which increases the networkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s public presence and boosts economical growth. future land for development
retail shop
road
footpath
LAND OWNERS
CITY AGENCIES
NON-PROFITS
USERS
PHASE 01
roads + footpaths
URBAN 146 CATALYST
PHASE 02
social + cultural
PHASE 03 activation
PHASE 04 economical
PHASE 05
joint platform
URBAN 147 CATALYST
HOTEL
BALLANTYNES SHOPPING CENTRE
SCHOOL
RETAIL
BANK
A
A
RETAIL / OFFICES
MIXED-USE
FOODCOURT
CARPARK
CARPARK
BUS EXCHANGE
MASTER PLAN
N
0
10m FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
SCALE 1:500 @ A0
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
SECTION AA
5m
RETAIL
RETAIL
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
FOOTPATH
FOOTPATH
RETAIL
RETAIL
STREET
APPROACH
THE PROBLEM
DEMOLITION
THE OPPORTUNITY
STREET / PEDESTRIAN / CIRCULATION / ACCESS
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DAMAGE + EFFECTS
CHRISTCHURCH
SHIFTING URBAN CONDITION
FEBRUARY 2011 EARTHQUAKE
INITIATE MOBILIZE
RECONSTRUCTION
RECREATION / COMMUNITY
ECONOMIC
CLAIM REINSTATE
COACH
EVOLVING GREEN SPACE
REUSE//RECOVER
(07)
(RE) ASSEMBLE
CONFINE + CONNECT
-AUS
TRAL
IAN
PLAT
E
- Environmental conditions - Post-disaster design - Japan 311 - Landscape architecture systems time, space + cycle - Temporary Urbanism (bottom-up)
RESTORATION
INDO
+
EVALUATION
CHRISTCHURCH
= HUMAN SCALE
LARGE SCALE FRAMEWORK
POSITIVE - Chance to rebuild urban strategy
INFRASTRUCTURE
RETHINKING THE CITY
REACTION AGAINST // REACTION WITH traditional urban development
- Bring community closer - New Identity for the city
END RESULT EXTENT OF EXISITNG CBD
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
NEGATIVE EXTENT OF PROPOSED CBD
ENABLE SIDEWALK
FORMALISE MOBILE GARDEN
POP-UP LANEWAY
PARALLEL PARK
EXPLOIT PAVEMENT TO PLAZA
INTEGRATE
(RE) FORM
transitional urban development
- Loss of lives / buildings
HOW IT CAN BE ACHIEVED?
- Reduces local character - Cost of rebuild
REFLECTION
END RESULT
INFORMS NEW URBAN CONDITION
DESIGN PRINCIPLES: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES
STRATEGIES - DYNAMIC AND OPEN - ADAPTABLE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES. - UNDERSTANDING POTENTIALS - SHAPING FORM TO MAXIMISE EFFECTS
RULES: utilise unused + vacant space
integrated transportation
create nodes of program
re-appropriation of form
active + passive
environmental condition
relationship to context
intimate public space
REACTS TO
green space
CON CLUSION CHAPTER 07
REFLECTION ON TEMPORARY APPROACH DESIGN FRAMEWORK + APPROACH
CONCLUSION
PROJECTION + DISCUSSION
Testing the approach through strategies enabled the research to explore different ways of addressing urban activation in a post disaster context.
STRENGTHS social engagement
social capital and culture are enhanced, as well as a feeling of identity and belonging. Social engagement makes people feel active and empowered. meeting to volunteer or spend time around transitional projects enables residents to talk together.
community involvment
temporary projects directly question the needs of residents
quality of urban space
has improved immediately from rubble to public space + events
the user is in the centre of the approach
an approach allowing to test, with the participation of the users, the use and functionality of a layout, giving the opportunity to improve the final result
an urban laboratory
quick installations and adaptability of different material, and within a short period of time
improve the quality of place
a qualitative approach, allowing an improvement in quality in spaces and people’s well being.
visibility
makes people aware of the proceedings in development
a changing period
prepares the residents + workers for the changers to come and makes the transition phase less negative.
maintain cultural identity
temporary projects pay respect to the social and cultural identity that once existed in the city.
connections
greater connections + relationships have been formed between council and community groups.
creation of new ideas
chance to respond creatively to the damage as well as experiment with new forms of urban development to create temporary and ephemeral activities in grey-field sites.
WEAKNESSES fragile
fragility of used equiptment doesn’t help to build confidence in the projects
need of good communication
often there is a lack of understanding and communication between the council, cera and the community groups
greater responsibility
as it stands transitional projects have been secondary to the master plan and there is a need to give temporary projects a greater responsibility in development of the urban context
OPPORTUNITIES urban transformations
increase value of temporary grey-fields and maintain the urban continuity
flexibility of the approach
allow new thinking and new theories, and question the master plan
allows exploration of new thinking ways
challenges current ways of designing to activate different urban conditions
challenge master plan
the current blue print plan for the central city provides the opportunity for temporary projects to dictate development as it occurs
overcome
give the opportunity for people to come back to the city centre and overcome their traumatic experience.
The earthquakes have provided an unprecedented opportunity to rethink, revitalize and reconsider current ways of approaching urban reconstruction. The design research undertaken explores the opportunities presented in a disaster prone environment in order to develop and define strategies for designed activation of the urban landscape. Using Christchurch as the laboratory for testing an approach, the research aims to build resilience in response to economic instability. These strategies, whilst designed for activation, ultimately contribute to the revitalization and renewal of the post-disaster city. The transitional approach adopted in this research discusses landscape architecture beyond the static and begins to enable a more adaptive and dynamic urban condition. This alternative condition seeks to stimulate development through informal and strategic urban regeneration. Targeted interventions facilitate the initial activation of individual spaces resulting in the acceleration of transitional urban communities. Social and cultural recovery forms a responsive landscape that contributes to incremental development on a large and small scale. Business developers, municipalities and property owners are now aware that sustainable and successful development of urban life cannot be achieved without consideration of contextual aspects. The design research explores the adaptability inherent in this approach. The original objective for the research addressed Christchurch as the Post-disaster case study for the reconfiguration of urban fabrics. Redefining and refining the approach allowed for the proposal to move beyond the temporary landscape, shifting to a new form of ‘temporary urbanism’. This refinement allowed the research to alter the scope to other forms of vacant sites. These strategies begin to suggest how landscape architecture has the ability to pro-actively engage with large-scale urbanism not only in the post-disaster landscape but in abandoned and under-utilized urban areas as well. This forms stronger connections between people and challenges everyday life practices, now and in the future, forming a responsive and resilient urban landscape.
RISKS jeopardise the final project
strong attachment to a project
too much change
fast modification of the space and use can be overwhelming
too complex
fantasise about a dream and forget reality
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APPEN DIX
CHAPTER 08 1.0 - CITY BLOCK TESTS
2.0 - CATHEDRAL SQUARE 3.0 - STAKEHOLDER STRUCTURE
CITY BLOCK TESTS
The city block is located southwest of Cathedral square and abuts the Avon River to the west. Cashel Street to the south was formally one of the cities main shopping mall precincts, which connected to High Street. The program of this however has now been converted into the Re:Start container mall which now occupies 6 lots on either side of the street. The rest of the block is now currently used at car parking but will soon change as developers and investment begins to happen.
TRANSITION OVER-TIME
BUILDINGS TO BE DEMOLISHED
BUILDINGS TO BE DEMOLISHED
CONSTRUCTION OF CONTAILER MALL
TEMPORARY CARPARK
The city block was a way of testing how one temporary space can enable development around the context of the site. This process engaged with the idea of time over a 2 year period to understand the transformation that has occurred and how this temporary program has influenced the development surrounding.
TEMPORARY CARPARK
NEW BUILDINGS
OPEN SPACE
OPEN SPACE
OPEN SPACE
__TRANSITION OVER TIME HEREFORD ST
Rubble to be removed
Building to be removed (Restaurant)
OXFORD TCE
Rubble to be removed
Building to be removed (Bar)
Rubble to be removed
Retail
Rubble to be removed
_YEAR ZERO
OPEN SPACE
Cafe
Rubble to be removed
Warehouse
TEMPORARY CARPARK
Retail
Carpark
Restaurant
Restaurant + Bar
Restaurant + Offices
Rubble to be removed
Building to be removed (Offices)
Building to be removed (Retail)
Restaurant
CASHEL ST
CONSTRUCTION OF CONTAINER MALL
HEREFORD ST
Office Building
Offices
Building to be removed (Restaurant)
Restaurant + Offices
Retail
COLOMBO ST
OXFORD TCE
Cafe Restaurant
Warehouse Restaurant + Bar
TEMPORARY CARPARK
NEW SHOPPING MALL
COLOMBO ST
Office Building
RE:START CONTAINER MALL
Carpark
Retail
Restaurant
_YEAR ONE
CASHEL ST
These sections follow the sequence of plans as shown on the previous page, which aim to represents the change in built form over the 20-year period. The sections show how the city block is dictated by the Re:start container mall and how that has informed development surrounding.
HEREFORD ST
Office Building
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Restaurant + Offices
Retail
COLOMBO ST
Cafe OXFORD TCE
The sequence of sections and plans show the transition of development over the 2-year period from the 2011 earthquake. Already as a result of the Re:start mall a temporary soccer and rugby oval has been developed to the north of the mall. This already indicates there is a certain demographic of people that are using this space on a day to day basis.
Offices
Restaurant
Warehouse Restaurant + Bar
Retail
_YEAR TWO
Restaurant Re:Start + OfficesMall
Carpark
Restaurant
CASHEL ST
N
50 m
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ADD + SUBTRACT SUBTRACT
_BUILDING OFFSET FALL ZONES
ADD
_NO BUILD AREAS
_AREA FOR DEVELOPMENT
The areas shown in black are the building offset fall zones where only carparks or open space may occur
Add + subtract is a technique that I developed to determine where future area for development can occur. This is based on the building offset fall zones from existing and new building which have a direct relationship with the public realm. The idea that for every story of a building there is a buffer zone on the ground of 3 meters where new buildings cannot be built. In the case of another disaster this will ensure pedestrians at the ground level are always a safe distance from infrastructure.
RE-BUILD CYCLE
78
88
HERITAGE BUILDING
112
112
699
Oxford Terrace
Colombo Street
128
HERITAGE BUILDING
HERITAGE BUILDING
97 81
699 691
Colombo Street
691
128
84
HERITAGE BUILDING
Oxford Terrace
84
HERITAGE BUILDING
The re-build cycle, shown below, is a timeline process based off the development of the city block over a 20-year period. It shows the stages of when different operations happen to do with mitigation, response and recovery.
Hereford Street
Hereford Street
78
The areas above shown in black is where development can occur.
4
97 682
83
81
HERITAGE BUILDING
clean up funding
682
83
infrastructure (water + power)
HERITAGE BUILDING
social services (education + facilities) Cashel Street
green open space
_YEAR ZERO
temporary design
3
Cashel Street
_YEAR ONE
pedestrian + bicycle network strategic review + planning housing re-building / construction Hereford Street
97
HERITAGE BUILDING
81
YE A
682
83
HERITAGE BUILDING
up
R S 1 1-20
po
ctu
up
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Figure01: Based on the cycle of re-building, my intention for the 20 year plan was to create more permanent building than the containers but since doing that I realized that it loses the grain / programs that made it so successful as shown in the year five plan.
tru
an
g
cle
din
fun
TRANSITION OVER-TIME
ras
inf
_YEAR FIVE
so
Cashel Street
Cashel Street
_YEAR TWO
gre
tem
n tio uc str on g /c nin ing n ild ork pla bu + tw rene iew ing le us rev yc ho s) bic gic + ilitie ate n ia ign str fac es str d n+ e de tio ac ary pe r) r ca sp we du en po op s (e r+ ice en ate erv (w ls re cia
682
re-build cycle 2
ructur e (wat er + po social wer) servic es (edu cation green + faci open lities) space tempo rary de sign pedest rian + bicycl e netw strate ork gic re view + planni housin ng g re-bui lding / cons tructio n
HERITAGE BUILDING
97 83
re-build cycle 1
clean
Oxford Terrace
691
128
HERITAGE BUILDING
81
699
Colombo Street
Colombo Street
128
112
699 691
YEARS 0-10
fundin g
112
HERITAGE BUILDING
1
HERITAGE BUILDING
84
2
78
84
Oxford Terrace
78
infrast
Hereford Street
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CATH EDRAL SQUARE
ORIGINAL CONDITION
UNION LAWN - MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY Cathedral Square has a lot of similarities with that of a university square. This analysis of Union Lawn at Melbourne University was done in order to understand how people use the space over a 2-hour period. It revealed that materials on the ground level do not dictate the direction of pedestrian movement. This gave me a greater understanding of how to approach the design for Cathedral Square.
CURRENT CONDITION
POST EARTHQUAKE
2pm - 4pm
Cathedral Square was formally the civic heart of the city, providing the main meeting place for people taking a break from their work, or visiting the city. The square stands at the theoretical crossing of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s two main orthogonal streets, Colombo Street and Worcester Street, though in practice both have been either blocked off or detoured since the 2011 earthquake.
I MONTH
6 MONTHS
6 MONTHS
movement + circulation
12 MONTHS
As shown by the diagram above, the program of the church shifts to the cardboard cathedral, which is 2 blocks east of The Square. This is currently been built on Latimer Square and will remain for 5 years until the Cathedral in The Square is rebuilt.
density + location 24 MONTHS
SPATIAL CHANGE OVER TIME
5 YEAR
EXISTING BUILDING
5 YEARS
PRAYER GARDEN
OUTDOOR CINEMA
SEATING SPACE
ENTERTAINMENT PRECINCT
1 MONTH 6 MONTHS
12 MONTHS 24 MONTHS
TRAM
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24 MONTH MASTER PLAN
connection to New Regent Street + Gloucester Street
RETAIL
- 1 month 6 months 12 months 24 months
SEATING SPACE 12 months 24 months
CAFE / RESTAURANTS 1 month 6 months 12 months 24 months
GREEN SPACE 1 month 6 months 12 months 24 months
PRAYER GARDEN 12 months 24 months
connection to Worcester Boulevard + temporary cardboard cathedral
connection to Avon River
ENTERTAINMENT PRECINCT 1 month 6 months 12 months 24 months
RECREATIONAL / PLAY AREA 1 month 6 months 12 months 24 months
ARTWORK / SCULPTURE 12 months 24 months
OUTDOOR CINEMA 1 month 6 months 12 months 24 months
connection to High Street + Re:Start Mall
CYCLE OF RE-BUILD
POINTS OF REFERENCE
The diagram below shows the development of programs over a 24 month period. It reveals how the boundaries can grow and adapt according to their success over time.
SCALE OF PROGRAMS
AREAS FOR GROWTH
1 MONTH
6 MONTHS
12 MONTHS
TEMPORARY PROGRAM
IN
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24 MONTHS 2 YEAR PREDICTION
IN
IN
FO
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STAKEHOLDER STRUCTURE CHRISTCHURCH CITY COUNCIL
CERA
Design Lead - Urban Design PIERS TAYLOR
CAPITAL PROGRAM GROUP
STRATEGY PLANNING GROUP
Head Landscape Architect JENNY MOORE
URBAN DESIGN + REGENERATION UNIT
RE-BUILD CENTRAL
URBAN DESIGN TEAM
URBAN REGENERATIONAL UNIT
Team Leader CECILE DELARUE
Team Leader MICHAEL FISHER
Transitional City Projects Advisor LAURA TAYLOR
RESPONSIBILITY: recovery coordination policy analysts urban regeneration specialists
RESPONSIBILITY: urban design sustainability herritage transitional city projects
work together / multidisciplinary with LA’s + project managers
TRANSITIONAL PROJECTS central city plan $15.4 million by CCC
ACTIVATION OF VACANT SPACES
STREETSCAPES (CCC LEAD) - colombo street - gloucester street - new regent street - paraclete / buildout on tuam street outside C1 cafe
Transitional City Projects Advisor LAURA TAYLOR
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LIFE IN VACANT GAPFILLER SPACES (LIV’s)
GREENING THE RUBBLE
Gap Filler Director CORALIE WINN
GtR Coordinator RACHAEL ANNAN
Project Co-ordinator RICHARD SEWELL
Sites Supervisor JONATHAN HALL
Project Co-ordinator TRENT HILES
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REF REN CES
TEXT
IMAGES
Walsh, J (2011). Christchurch: Living in a Crisis Landscape. TOPOS. Vol 76, pp 86-89
http://www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/before-after/nzearthquake/
http://www.animalarchitecture.org/the-architecturalanimal-part-5/
http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurchearthquake-2011/12-51/photos/6422210/Photos-Beforeand-after-the-Christchurch-earthquake
http://www.allindiary.org/page/disastercycle http://www.greeningtherubble.org.nz
http://www.rebuildchristchurch.co.nz/blog/2011/3/ christchurch-power-supply-update
http://www.gapfiller.org.nz/
http://gehlcitiesforpeople.dk/tag/christchurch-earthquake/
http://www.ccc.govt.nz/index.aspx
http://content.ngv.vic.gov.au/retrieve.php?size=large&type =image&vernonID=3161
http://livs.org.nz/ http://vimeo.com/21556697 http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2010/ smallscalebigchange/ http://ccdu.govt.nz/sites/ccdu.govt.nz/files/documents/ christchurch-central-recovery-plan.pdf http://www.archdaily.com/92321/ad-classics-parc-de-lavillette-bernard-tschumi/
http://www.spicybiscotti.com/2009/09/25/flight-of-therustbelt-vacant-detroit/ http://rebargroup.org/parking/ Merker (2010, p. 49-‐51) http://www.ramm.co.nz/ChristchurchEQ.php http://cera.govt.nz/maps/cordon-reduction http://data.linz.govt.nz/
http://thespontaneouscityinternational.org/manifesto/ http://yuriartibise.com/blog/temporary-urbanismincubating-new-ideas-for-city-living/ http://issuu.com/architecture00/docs/compendium_for_ the_civic_economy_publ http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/?p=12849 http://canterburymaps.govt.nz/Viewer/#webmap=9ac1f83 70dfe4a44808bec8fb1dccb24 http://desireland.ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/SCGCPocketPark-Agenda21-09-text-02.pdf http://gizmodo.com/gimme-shelter-9-instant-buildingsfrom-disaster-areas-495820265 http://rebargroup.org/parking/ Merker (2010, p. 49-‐51) http://www.lincoln.ac.nz/Documents/LEaP/2012%20 bouncing%20back%20coping%20Brisbane%20fire%20 and%20rain.pdf
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