SDG 03: Good Health and WellBeing Dynamic Briefing Generated 04 October 2020 for Marco Antonio Gonzalez
SDG 03: Good Health and Well-Being Last review on Tue 03 September 2019
About This dynamic briefing draws on the collective intelligence of the Forum network to explore the key trends, interconnections and interdependencies between industry, regional and global issues. In the briefing, you will find a visual representation of this topic (Transformation Map – interactive version available online via intelligence.weforum.org ), an overview and the key trends affecting it, along with summaries and links to the latest research and analysis on each of the trends. Briefings for countries also include the relevant data from the Forum’s benchmarking indices. The content is continuously updated with the latest thinking of leaders and experts from across the Forum network, and with insights from Forum meetings, projects communities and activities.
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Executive summary This Transformation Map provides a contextual briefing for one of the Sustainable Development Goals the United Nations’ framework for making real progress towards a more sustainable future by the year 2030 - by mapping related strategic issues and interdependencies. The content, including attached key issue headings and texts, is drawn from expert- and machine-curated knowledge on the World Economic Forum’s Strategic Intelligence platform; it is not a reproduction of the official text of the SDG. The UN introduces this Goal as follows: 'Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being at all ages is essential to sustainable development. Significant strides have been made in increasing life expectancy and reducing some of the common killers associated with child and maternal mortality, but working towards achieving the target of less than 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030 would require improvements in skilled delivery care. Achieving the target of reducing premature deaths due to incommunicable diseases by 1/3 by the year 2030 would also require more efficient technologies for clean fuel use during cooking and education on the risks of tobacco. Many more efforts are needed to fully eradicate a wide range of diseases and address many different persistent and emerging health issues. By focusing on providing more efficient funding of health systems, improved sanitation and hygiene, increased access to physicians and more tips on ways to reduce ambient pollution, significant progress can be made in helping to save the lives of millions.'
1. Preparing for Pandemics
7. Global Health Governance
Public-private partnerships can enable more resilient responses.
New ways of improving global health are emerging thanks to partnerships with the private sector.
2. Sustainable Development and Universal Coverage
8. Healthcare Delivery Systems More innovative forms of delivery are needed to expand access to care.
Poverty is a persistent impediment to achieving good health worldwide.
9. Keeping Populations Healthy
3. Environmental Health and Climate Change
New technologies and techniques are needed to maintain health, particularly for the elderly.
Air pollution and climate change are having a serious impact on global health.
4. Shifting Demographics and Lifestyles Ageing and a rise in non-communicable diseases are changing healthcare needs.
5. Healthcare Technology New tools are curing previously fatal diseases, and making chronic disease more manageable.
6. Access to Care Despite some improvement in facilitating global access to health care, serious gaps remain.
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Preparing for Pandemics Public-private partnerships can enable more resilient responses Public health outbreaks and epidemics are becoming increasingly complex, as the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus across dozens of countries in early 2020 demonstrated. A continued failure to develop resilient health infrastructure and public health systems in much of the world has created vulnerabilities - and an increasingly globalized world makes rapid transmission a growing threat. Widespread vulnerability will unfortunately remain a fact of life until every country is able to develop comprehensive primary care services, garner an adequate number of healthcare workers and available medicines, and foster robust health information systems, infrastructure, and public financing. The World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report 2016 noted that as of November 2014, fewer than half of the health facilities in Liberia had been seeing patients, while the Liberian government estimates showed that from May to August 2014, skilled birth attendance was 27% below 2013 levels, measles immunization was down 50%, and overall health services were operating at 40% lower capacity. Later, the loss of these services during the height of the Ebola epidemic had a significant impact. By June 2016, more than 28,000 Ebola cases had been reported in Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone, resulting in more than 11,000 deaths, according to the World Health Organization.
Related insight areas: Global Risks, Digital Communications, Future of Computing, COVID-19, Fourth Industrial Revolution, International Trade and Investment, Migration, Healthcare Delivery, China, Africa, Vaccination, Pandemic Preparedness and Response, Humanitarian Action, Agile Governance
One key to better tracking the spread of viruses is to understand how people move around and interact on a daily basis. Big data enables the modelling of both how a virus spreads, and the potential for it to be contained. Finding the fastest and most efficient channel to disseminate such information is important for fighting an infectious disease outbreak, and providing access to data for real-time monitoring and detailed analysis is essential - the better the information, the more certain decision-makers can be of their strategy. Meanwhile new technologies enabled by the Fourth Industrial Revolution in biomedical research and digital communications, often developed by non-traditional actors, are creating new opportunities to fight disease. Mechanisms that better bring together public and private players in high-risk geographies in order to address emerging epidemics are likely to pay dividends, and more efficient use of both national and local actors for the purposes of early detection and response is critical. Rather than relying solely on traditional partners and ways of working, new ideas, partnerships, and solutions are needed in order to adequately address these challenges.
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Latest knowledge VoxEU
The Conversation
Pandemics and inequality
Coronavirus: how the pharma industry is changing to produce a vaccine on time
03 October 2020 The COVID-19 outbreak is expected to increase income inequality around the world as the poorer are likely to be hit harder by the pandemic’s negative economic impact. Focusing on Italy, this column argues that such distributional consequences also appeared during the 1918 influenza pandemic. Income inequality became higher in areas more afflicted by the flu pandemic, and this is mostly explained by a reduction in the share of income held by poorer people. This effect seems to persist even a century after the pandemic.
30 September 2020 To bring COVID-19 under control a vaccine needs to be available to every nation, rich and poor – and it needs to happen quickly. Pharmaceutical breakthroughs are usually the result a slow process involving competition, secrecy, risky investments and extensive trials. Changing any big industry to speed its processes up is going to be difficult. There are signs that substantial changes are underway – and they may be here to stay. Medical innovation is in fact often accelerated in a time of crisis.
European Council on Foreign Relations
Three dangers Trump’s covid poses the world
VoxEU
Fear and employment during the COVID pandemic
02 October 2020
30 September 2020
What Trump gets up to stuck in quarantine could disrupt the US and the world in frightening ways.
The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing Great Lockdown came with an unseen level of economic uncertainty. This column uses Google search data to document the substantial increase in people’s economic anxiety and the coinciding slowdown in European labour markets in the months following the outbreak. The analysis shows that the ensuing fear was significantly more outspoken in those EU countries hit hardest in economic terms, with levels of economic anxiety similar or higher than during the Great Recession of 2007-2009. Unlike during the Great Recession, however, unprecedented policy actions, such as the short-term working schemes implemented or reformed at the onset of the COVID crisis, do not seem to have mitigated overall economic anxiety.
Harvard Kennedy School - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
Bonding over Beijing 02 October 2020 Over the past few years, China’s rise has become a top priority in Washington and in many European capitals— and a big-ticket item on the wider transatlantic agenda. This development has created both new opportunities and challenges for transatlantic relations. Project Syndicate
How to End the Pandemic This Year 01 October 2020 While the world waits with bated breath for a safe, effective, widely available COVID-19 vaccine, another option for ending the pandemic has been staring us in the face. A government-led industrial and coordination strategy to achieve universal testing could bring the crisis to an end in a matter of months. Center for Global Development
When Will We Have a COVID-19 Vaccine? Predictions, Analysis, and Questions Answered 01 October 2020 Today we launch a new paper that uses mathematical modelling and expert interviews to learn more about COVID-19 vaccine portfolio and generate probabilistic estimates on when we will have a safe and efficacious vaccine and how long will it take for manufacturing scale up to produce sufficient doses.
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Sustainable Development and Universal Coverage Poverty is a persistent impediment to achieving good health worldwide The World Health Organization has estimated that about 1.2 billion people around the world are living in extreme poverty - a significant cause of poor health outcomes, as people with limited resources face greater exposure to risks and disability due to inadequate sanitation, food, shelter, and medical care. The cost of health care is also a major contributing factor to poverty; according to a 2016 WHO fact sheet, 100 million people were being stricken with poverty due to health care costs every year, and 150 million people were suffering financial catastrophe every year because of out-of-pocket expenditures on health services. In addition, a 2017 report published by the World Bank estimated that roughly 800 million people are spending more than 10% of their household budget on health care, while nearly 200 million people must spend one quarter of their household budget on health care. The cyclical nature of poverty and sub-optimal health outcomes is evident in both high- and low-income countries. A major contributing factor is the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cancer or diabetes, and related risk factors that can burden individuals, their families, and entire communities; these include impoverishment from long-term treatment and care costs, and a loss of income due to reduced productivity. In 2015, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals in order to help the global community address complex, interconnected issues related to poverty, global health, human rights, economic growth, environmental sustainability, and equality. The third development goal features targets including the reduction of the burden of NCDs, and achieving universal health coverage by 2030 - including access to quality health services, effective and affordable essential medicines and vaccines, and protection from related financial risk. In a progress report on the Sustainable Development Goals published by the UN in 2017, it noted that it will be necessary to avert an anticipated shortfall of about 18 million health workers by 2030, if it is to remain possible to achieve and sustain universal health coverage by that point; major shortages of such workers are a serious concern in nearly all of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the report. Related insight areas: Infrastructure, Human Rights, Gender Parity, Agriculture, Food and Beverage, Sustainable Development, Education and Skills, Cities and Urbanization, Future of Food, Public Finance and Social Protection, Healthcare Delivery, Development Finance
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Latest knowledge Project Syndicate
LSE Business Review
Herd Immunity Will Not Defeat COVID19
How firms can encourage courageous conversations about racism in the workplace
02 October 2020
01 October 2020 Although White House officials deny that US President Donald Trump's administration has adopted herd immunity as a strategy for combating COVID-19, Trump's words and actions tell a different story. But with coronaviruses, such an approach is not and should never be an option.
When black women were asked where they are most likely to experience racism the top answer was work. No company or country can say that they do not have a problem with racism. Organisations must tackle discrimination in the workplace, rooting out systemic racism, and accelerate gender and racial equity. The global outpouring since the terrible murder of George Floyd […].
London School of Economics and Political Science
Primary Primers: Biden and Trump go big for Minnesota – a state which may matter less than they think.
Project Syndicate
After the Vaccine
02 October 2020
30 September 2020
As a Midwestern state with ten electoral votes, Minnesota is often seen as a key battleground in the 2020 presidential election. But, writes Rubrick Biegon, barring any ‘October surprises’, the North Star State is very likely to vote for the former Vice President, Democrat Joe Biden on 3 November. How President Trump and Biden are campaigning in Minnesota, he writes, […].
For some childhood diseases, the development of a vaccine was by itself decisive. But this may not be true of COVID-19, because adoption will be slow, effectiveness will wane over time, or both, implying that the need for testing will be ongoing. Project Syndicate
Europe’s Double Bind Royal United Services Institute (RUSI)
30 September 2020
United Russia’s Image Problem: Revamping the ‘Nasty Party’ Before 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a gap between European aspirations and actions. If European leaders are serious about defending rules-based multilateralism and securing the European Union's interests in the twenty-first century, they will need to start coming to terms with today's geopolitical realities.
02 October 2020 Russia’s September regional elections were a litmus test of United Russia’s support. While most seats were secure, it seems likely the party is headed for a ‘rebrand’, ahead of the State Duma elections in 2021. Download the Article (PDF) Regional elections were held on 11–13 September in 18 regions across Russia, to select regional governors and the heads of some municipal councils. While most of the incumbent United Russia (UR) candidates retained their seats, the growing role of the Kremlin-affiliated All-Russia People’s Front (ONF), and the encroachment of opposition activists on some regional administrations, might have repercussions for the upcoming State Duma elections in 2021. UR’s Declining Ratings UR’s image has been dealt a series of blows in recent years.
World Resources Institute
Green Space: An Underestimated Tool to Create More Equal Cities 29 September 2020 The correlation between urban tree cover and income is well-documented in cities around the world, and is often a by-product of historic inequality. However, cities can proactively address inequality, build resilience and improve residents' lives by making green spaces more equitable.
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Environmental Health and Climate Change Air pollution and climate change are having a serious impact on global health Nearly one quarter of all global deaths are a result of the environment, according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2016 report Preventing Disease Through Healthy Environments: A Global Assessment of the Burden of Disease from Environmental Risks. One of the greatest environmental threats to human health is air pollution. Many low- and middle-income countries do not monitor air quality, and either lack effective emission control legislation or simply fail to enforce legislation. As a result, their populations face a disproportionate disease burden. In addition to outdoor exposure to air pollution, WHO estimated in 2016 that almost 3 billion people around the world were still burning biomass fuel and coal indoors, in order to cook or to heat their homes, which resulted in more than 4 million deaths annually. In 2018, WHO estimated that more than 80% of people living in urban areas (that monitor air pollution) are exposed to air quality levels that exceed the organization’s limits - and that 97% of cities in low- and middle-income countries with more than 100,000 inhabitants do not meet WHO air quality guidelines (the figure falls to 49% for high-income countries). Air pollution is also a primary contributor to climate change, which has generated global health risks including changes in vector-borne disease patterns, water scarcity, food insecurity, and violence. These threats are most severe for vulnerable populations like children, the elderly, and the poor. Additional measures are needed in order to reduce exposure to air pollution and mitigate the effects of climate change, and decrease disease rates and mortality. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and the Paris Agreement on climate change, have recognized this need and provide goals and targets in order to prioritize action (though one of the world’s biggest sources of carbon emissions and pollution, the US, has announced plans to withdraw from the Paris Agreement). New and expanding research disciplines, including Planetary Health (which takes into consideration all the natural systems that human health depends upon) and the collaborative approach known as One Health, have drawn increased focus to the complex, interconnected relationships between the earth’s natural systems and species. These approaches recognize that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are closely interrelated, and promise to broadly advance our understanding of environmental impacts. Related insight areas: The Ocean, Global Risks, Forests, Air Pollution, Agriculture, Food and Beverage, Cities and Urbanization, Climate Change, Sustainable Development, Water, Environment and Natural Resource Security
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Latest knowledge The New Humanitarian
United Nations Environment
Opioid abuse in Syria seeps into Turkish borderlands
Halving food waste and raising climate ambition: SDG 12.3 and the Paris Agreement
01 October 2020
30 September 2020 Without adequate mental health support or addiction treatment, years of neglected trauma are contributing to a growing drug problem.
Food loss and waste generate an estimated 8 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions while using land and water resources needlessly and increasing pressure on biodiversity. Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 calls for a halving of food waste at retail and household level, and a reduction of food loss across the supply chain. Champions 12.3, a high-level coalition formed to deliver this strategic target, counts….
Wired
What Does It Mean If a Vaccine Is ‘Successful’? 01 October 2020 According to the guidelines laid out by the Food and Drug Administration, that would be an “effective” vaccine: 50 percent efficacy with a statistical “confidence interval” that puts brackets around a range from 30 percent to 70 percent. At that point, per Pfizer’s protocol, the company could stop the trial. Technically, that vaccine would be successful. It doesn’t become unethical to continue,” says Elizabeth Halloran, a vaccine trial design expert at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and another vaccine trial design expert.
World Economic Forum
How investing in nature can help tackle the biodiversity and climate crises 30 September 2020 The health crisis is a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of overlooking biophysical risks on human wellbeing, businesses and economies. World Resources Institute
Rocky Mountain Institute
China and Big Business Give Climate Diplomacy a Kick-Start at UNGA and Climate Week
Clean Energy Is Canceling Gas Plants 30 September 2020
29 September 2020
While COVID-19 has disrupted many aspects of the economy and daily life in 2020, the trend toward clean electricity is still going strong. Renewable energy and storage technology costs continue to fall, with expanding adoption by utilities and other investors,... Read More The post Clean Energy Is Canceling Gas Plants appeared first on Rocky Mountain Institute .
The UN's 75th General Assembly last week offered a crucial moment for leaders to demonstrate global solidarity for a fairer, safer, stronger world amid the sweeping impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and a changing climate.
Project Syndicate
The COVID-Climate Nexus 30 September 2020 America’s upcoming election will take place against the backdrop of a dreadful pandemic and mounting climate threats. On both counts, US voters must choose whether to bring back respect for science and sensible public policy, and an awareness that we live in an interconnected world.
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Shifting Demographics and Lifestyles Ageing and a rise in non-communicable diseases are changing healthcare needs People are both living longer, and suffering more dramatically from the effects of their bad habits. The world’s current population of 7.6 billion is expected to increase to 8.6 billion by 2030 - and then jump to 9.8 billion by 2050, according to the United Nations’ 2017 revision of The World Population Prospects. Meanwhile increasing life expectancy will lead to a doubling of people in the world who are at least 60 years of age or older by 2050, and then a tripling of that age group fifty years after that. Much of this population expansion will be the result of reductions in mortality, both from infectious disease and for those under five years old. However, it is being offset by the rise of non-communicable diseases, which are often linked to unhealthy behaviour as people age. The World Health Organization has reported that as of 2015, these diseases accounted for 70% of all deaths worldwide, and three quarters of them occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Nearly half of noncommunicable, disease-related deaths in these countries occur before the age of 70, and are therefore considered premature - and the majority result from cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes and cancer stemming from tobacco use, excessive alcohol use, poor diet, and a lack of physical activity. The health care costs and reduced productivity associated with these non-communicable diseases force millions of people into poverty every year, and stifle development in vulnerable regions. Adequately responding to the twin challenges of these diseases and ageing populations, not to mention increases in mental health disorders and violence, will require major changes to health care systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Primary prevention, detection, screening, and treatment of non-communicable diseases, and palliative care for the terminally ill, are all often missing from health systems in these countries, which are more often designed to respond to acute infections. Potential low-cost solutions for reducing risk factors (such as comprehensive control of tobacco products) exist for both governments and the private sector. Innovative partnerships across sectors including health, finance, transportation, education, and agriculture will be required. Related insight areas: Mental Health, Future of Food, Ageing, Cities and Urbanization, Values, Behavioural Sciences, Youth Perspectives, Agriculture, Food and Beverage
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Latest knowledge McGill Reporter
London School of Economics and Political Science
Remote assessment of brain health during a pandemic
Biden holds his own as Trump refuses to condemn white supremacists and militia at the first presidential debate.
02 October 2020 Telephone and video evaluations keep seniors safe, and opportunities exist for improved assessment by distance The post Remote assessment of brain health during a pandemic appeared first on McGill Reporter .
30 September 2020 Last night the Democratic nominee, former Vice President, Joe Biden met Republican President Donald Trump for the first 2020 presidential debate in Cleveland, Ohio. In this Q&A Julie Norman writes that rather than a debate on the issues, what the American public witnessed last night was 90 minutes of insults, devoid of any meaningful policy discussion. What happened at last […].
World Economic Forum
Why improving women's lives is the key to healthy ageing 01 October 2020 Older women are more exposed to social isolation and economic exclusion – but this can be changed earlier in their lives.
International Crisis Group
Watch List 2020 – Autumn Update 30 September 2020
World Economic Forum
This pandemic has revealed our most precious asset
Every year Crisis Group publishes two additional Watch List updates that complement its annual Watch List for the EU, most recently published in January and May 2020. These publications identify major crises and conflict situations where the European Union and its member states can generate stronger prospects for peace. The Autumn Update of the Watch List 2020 includes entries on Afghanistan, Colombia, Kosovo-Serbia, Lebanon and Somalia.
01 October 2020 Coronavirus has highlighted the need for preventative healthcare, an investment in healthy ageing and the critical role of technology in rebuilding health. VoxEU
Covid-19 and socio-political attitudes in Europe
Project Syndicate
Why Biden Is Better Than Trump for the Economy
01 October 2020 The COVID-19 shock prompted an economic collapse unrivalled in peacetime. Using a large survey conducted during the pandemic’s first wave, this column measures the impact of the crisis on socio-political attitudes in Italy, Spain, Germany, and the Netherlands. The results show severe drops in interpersonal and institutional trust, as well as in support for the EU and a tax-financed welfare state. But they also suggest a rallying effect around scientific expertise and incumbent governments that – together with populist positions losing ground – hints at a growing demand for competence.
29 September 2020 The presumption that Republicans are better than Democrats at economic stewardship is a longstanding myth that must be debunked. For all Americans who care about their and their children’s future, the right choice this November could not be clearer.
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Healthcare Technology New tools are curing previously fatal diseases, and making chronic disease more manageable Health technology innovation has given us basic tools like the electronic medical record, as well as futuristic developments like robotic surgery and precision medicine (which makes use of a patient's genetic profile and environment in order to diagnose and provide treatment). While biomedical research is offering up new medicines, devices, and mobile applications that can cure once-fatal diseases and more effectively manage chronic disease, many parts of the world still lack access to even the most basic healthcare. According to World Health Organization Global Health Observatory data, more than half of the deaths in the African Region during 2015 were the result of maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions. Expanding access to care and health technologies across the globe remains a challenge; the use of mobile technology presents intriguing related opportunities. The overall “mHealth� market was worth an estimated $23 billion by 2017, according to SNS Research, and is expected to grow significantly. In sub-Saharan Africa, which bears the highest disease burden in the world, and where mobile phone penetration rates have increased significantly in recent years, only 15% of the population has access to private health care, according to a report published by Deloitte in 2014, while more than 80% of private health care payments are made out of pocket.
Related insight areas: Biotechnology, Chemical and Materials Industry, Internet of Things, Precision Medicine, 3D Printing, Advanced Materials, Batteries, Artificial Intelligence, Future of Food, Fourth Industrial Revolution
In response, mobile operators in sub-Saharan Africa have begun to better position themselves to facilitate health payments that are made via mobile devices, according to the Deloitte report; in Kenya, for example, the operator Safaricom has partnered with insurer Changamka Microhealth to enable health care payment via the M-PESA mobile money service. Meanwhile the deployment of socalled eHealth is also expanding. According to a report published by the World Health Organization in 2016, by 2015, 70% of European Union member states had national eHealth policies or strategies, and nearly all of them had financial support specifically for implementing these efforts. However, in 2018, the European Commission published a communication on the digital transformation of health and care, which cited slow and varied uptake of digital health solutions within the EU to date, and identified three areas for improvement: secure access to health data across borders; better access to advanced research; disease prevention and "personalized" health care (another term for precision medicine); and digital tools for citizen empowerment.
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Latest knowledge Project Syndicate
SpringerOpen
Minding the Digital Economy’s Narrowing Gaps
Comparison of the local pivotal method and systematic sampling for national forest inventories
30 September 2020
24 September 2020 By collapsing physical distance, the digital economy has overcome one of the largest traditional hurdles to market formation and efficiency. But data-driven digital markets come with their own unique informational challenges, demanding further innovation not just by entrepreneurs but also by policymakers.
The local pivotal method (LPM) utilizing auxiliary data in sample selection has recently been proposed as a sampling method for national forest inventories (NFIs). Its performance compared to simple random sam... RAND Corporation
VoxEU
Alternative Pathways to Retirement in a Household Context
Google/Fitbit will monetise health data and harm consumers
23 September 2020
30 September 2020 Provides a more robust understanding of retirement decisions by examining joint work-to-retirement trajectories.
The European Commission is conducting an in-depth investigation of the Google/Fitbit deal. A static, conventional view would suggest limited issues from a merger of complements. Yet, as this column outlines, unprecedented concerns arise when one sees that allowing for Fitbit’s data gathering capabilities to be put in Google’s hands creates major risks of “platform envelopment,” extension of monopoly power and consumer exploitation. The combination of Fitbit’s health data with Google’s other data creates unique opportunities for discrimination and exploitation of consumers in healthcare, health insurance and other sensitive areas, with major implications for privacy too. We also need to worry about incentives to pre-empt competition that could threaten Google’s data collection dominance.
SpringerOpen
Population aging and the historical development of intergenerational transfer systems 21 September 2020 From our evolutionary past, humans inherited a long period of child dependency, extensive intergenerational transfers to children, cooperative breeding, and social sharing of food. Older people continued to tr...
Nature Biotechnology
Whither COVID-19 vaccines? 28 September 2020 Nature Biotechnology convenes a group of experts to provide their insights into SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development. SpringerOpen
Assessing farmers' contribution to greenhouse gas emission and the impact of adopting climate-smart agriculture on mitigation 28 September 2020 The adoption of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices is expected to improve farmers’ adaptation to climate change and also increase yields while simultaneously curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thi...
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Access to Care Despite some improvement in facilitating global access to health care, serious gaps remain At least half of the world’s population cannot obtain essential health services, and large numbers of households are pushed into poverty every year because they have to pay for health care out of their own pockets, according to a report published in late 2017 by the World Bank and the World Health Organization. About 800 million people spend at least 10% of their household budgets on health expenses, according to the report, and for nearly one in eight of those people the expenses are high enough to push them into extreme poverty - defined as living on just $1.90 or less a day. Physical environments can dictate diverse healthcare needs that change over time, while population trends related to demographics, disparities, and culture can shape system access, regulation, and utilization. Ageing populations in Europe, Japan, and the US, for example, are re-shaping healthcare systems. According to a review of Japan’s health system published by the WHO in 2018, Japan’s “demographic dilemma” requires drastic reform of healthcare and long-term-care systems; health expenditures for those aged 65 and above in Japan is 4.3 times higher than for other age groups, according to the report, and the majority of costs are being covered by the working class population through taxes and medical insurance premiums. In order to better address the needs of its greying population, Japan introduced Long-term care insurance in 2000, to support the elderly and promote independence (between its implementation and 2013, the number of elderly certified as requiring care under the program doubled to 5.69 million, raising questions about its sustainability). In Germany, where the population is also ageing at a dramatic rate, foreign workers are being more aggressively recruited to staff homes for the elderly; hundreds of thousands of additional workers are estimated to be required to fill gaps. The 2017 report from the World Bank and WHO that warned of uneven access to care also contained some encouraging elements. For example, the report noted that the number of people able to obtain key health services such as immunization, family planning, and bed nets to prevent malaria has actually increased during the first years of the 21st century. However, these developments have been uneven across the world, according to the report, with areas like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia suffering from significant gaps in availability. Related insight areas: Systemic Racism, Public Finance and Social Protection, Ageing, Future of Economic Progress, Environment and Natural Resource Security, Youth Perspectives, Vaccination, Global Health, Sustainable Development
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Latest knowledge World Economic Forum
Brookings
How to build a better health system: 8 expert essays
Latinos often lack access to healthcare and have poor health outcomes. Here’s how we can change that
02 October 2020
25 September 2020 We need to build health systems that are more resilient, patient-centred and sustainable. Here is a series of stories illustrating why change must happen, and how to effect it.
The Latino community has been disproportionally affected by COVID-19, with almost three times as many cases per head among Latinos than among whites, and a hospitalization rate 4.6 times higher. The specific challenges faced by latinos in terms of health outcomes and healthcare access long predate the pandemic. .
RAND Corporation
Use of Tele-Mental Health in Conjunction With In-Person Care 02 October 2020
Frontiers
Community Care in Reach: Mobilizing Harm Reduction and Addiction Treatment Services for Vulnerable Populations
Exploration of implementation models for tele–mental health. Business and Human Rights Resource Centre
Kenya: MP Shah Hospital fined for failure to provide emergency treatment due to 'financial motives' leading to patient's death
25 September 2020 Opioid overdoses killed 47,600 people in the United States in 2017. Despite increasing availability of officebased addiction treatment programs, the prevalence of opioid overdose is historically high and disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including people experiencing homelessness. Despite availability of effective treatment, many at greatest risk of death from overdose experience myriad barriers to care. Launched in 2018, the Community Care in Reach mobile health initiative uses a data-driven approach to bring harm reduction and medication for opioid use disorder directly to those at highest risk of near-term death. Proof-of-concept results suggest that mobile addiction services may serve as a model for expanding access to addiction care for the most vulnerable.
01 October 2020 The Senate Committee on Health has recommended that MP Shah Hospital in Nairobi be fined Sh3 million for negligence that caused the death of a patient. Brookings
Ten ways to make life better for the middle class 29 September 2020 The presidential debates are upon us: President Trump and former Vice President Biden face-off for the first time on September 29. The stakes are high. This year has been wrought with tragedy and hardship for many Americans, and the brokenness of our society is more visible than ever. Not only has COVID-19 affected the country’s health, but it has also hit the labor market hard, leaving many Americans out of work and struggling to balance their finances, child care, and mental well-being. . World Economic Forum
How to build a better world for heart health after COVID-19 29 September 2020 From tackling inequalities to building healthier cities and workplaces, we need to "build back better" for heart health after the coronavirus pandemic.
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Global Health Governance New ways of improving global health are emerging thanks to partnerships with the private sector Historically, the government coalitions and nongovernmental organizations trying to address global health challenges (like pandemics) have been primarily motivated by foreign policy interests. However, organizations and initiatives have emerged that take a novel approach to focusing on global health issues. These entities incorporate multi-stakeholder governance structures and innovative financing models. Gavi, for example, was created in 2000 in order to combine public and private sector efforts to expand access to new and under-used vaccines for children in poor countries. Gavi estimates that it has helped prevent more than 10 million future deaths since its inception, and has immunized more than 690 million children - including 65 million children in 2017 alone. According to a study published in the journal Health Affairs in 2016, for every $1 spent on immunization, $18 is saved in terms of healthcare costs, lost wages, and lost productivity due to illness. Gavi’s partners include Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which pledged an initial $750 million to set up the alliance in 1999. In addition, groups such as the Global Fund for HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria and Unitaid have helped to boost participation across sectors, and helped generate sustainable private funding for programs in order to establish viable revenue streams. The rise of new, multi-stakeholder governance models and innovative financing calls for similarly novel approaches to accountability and transparency. As noted in an article published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 2013, the world faces threats that are difficult to address due to inequality and significant social, cultural, and political differences. To that end, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, adopted in 2015 in order to guide global development through 2030, are central to the future of global health governance - and must be better supported through continued innovation in financing, micro-level programming within communities, and the harnessing of big data in order to increase efficacy. Sustainable Development Goal 3, Good Health and Well-Being, includes targets such as reducing premature deaths due to non-communicable diseases (such as cancers and diabetes) by one third by 2030. According to a UN progress report published in 2017, the decline in premature deaths from cancer, diabetes and other diseases was not occurring rapidly enough to meet the 2030 target. Related insight areas: Mental Health, Ageing, COVID-19, Sustainable Development, Corporate Governance, Global Governance, Healthcare Delivery, Agile Governance, Public Finance and Social Protection, Humanitarian Action
16 SDG 03: Good Health and Well-Being Briefing, October 2020
Latest knowledge Center for Global Development
VoxEU
Vaccine Experts Speak Out on COVID19 Vaccines and How to Prepare
Currency hedging, exchange rate movement, and dollar swap line usage during Covid-19
02 October 2020
01 October 2020 As the world awaits the results of COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we have interviewed sixteen vaccine experts from the vaccine industry, academic, and regulatory agencies. Their overall message: the time to prepare is now.
Institutional investors and borrowers often hedge a sizeable portion of their currency mismatches. This column examines the role that this currency hedging of foreign assets and liabilities plays in determining exchange rates. It shows that countries’ hedging demands from their external imbalances can explain forward and spot exchange rate dynamics during the COVID-induced financial turmoil in March 2020, as well as their usage of the Federal Reserve central bank liquidity swap lines.
RAND Corporation
Raising the Stakes 02 October 2020 Explores medical regulations concerning physician investment in ambulatory surgery centers.
Asian Development Bank
Assessing the Impact of the United States–People’s Republic of China Trade Dispute Using a Multiregional Computable General Equilibrium Model
VoxEU
A vaccination policy for green zones 02 October 2020
30 September 2020
With coronavirus vaccines potentially on the horizon, attention is now turning to how to distribute them once they are available. This column makes the case for vaccination deployment being dependent on the prevalence of the virus in a zone (i.e. a predefined geographical area). Red zones should focus on vaccinating people at risk and health workers to reduce fatalities and keep hospitals operational. Green zones, where community transmission is low, should additionally focus on vaccinating inter-zone travellers and highly central individuals to reduce the risk of re-importation and keep virus spread near zero.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE UNITED STATES– PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA TRADE DISPUTE USING A MULTIREGIONAL COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL Elisabetta Gentile, Gen Li, and Mahinthan Joseph Mariasingham 620 September 2020 ADB ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ADB Economics Working Paper Series Assessing the Impact of the United States– People’s Republic of China Trade Dispute Using a Multiregional Computable General Equilibrium Model Elisabetta Gentile, Gen Li, and Mahinthan Joseph Mariasingham No. 620 | September 2020 Elisabetta Gentile (egentile@adb.org) is an economist in the Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department (ERCD), Asian Development Bank (ADB). Gen Li (li.gen@nies.go.jp) is a research assistant at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan.
European Council on Foreign Relations
Europe’s double bind 01 October 2020 The covid-19 pandemic has exposed a gap between European aspirations and actions. If European leaders are serious about defending rules-based multilateralism and securing the European Union’s interests in the twenty-first century, they will need to start coming to terms with today’s geopolitical realities.
United Nations Environment
Food loss and waste must be reduced for greater food security and environmental sustainability 29 September 2020 Rome/Nairobi/New York , 29 September 2020 – At the global event marking today the first International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and their partners urged everyone to do more to reduce food loss and waste or risk an even greater drop in food security and natural resources. Some 690 million people today are hungry and three….
17 SDG 03: Good Health and Well-Being Briefing, October 2020
Healthcare Delivery Systems More innovative forms of delivery are needed to expand access to care People are living longer, and the quality of treatment for diseases like diabetes and cancer has improved, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. However, at least partly as a result of these improvements, healthcare spending has increased and now accounts for about 9% of GDP on average in OECD countries; meanwhile there is ample evidence of lingering inequality and inefficiency in terms of healthcare delivery, according to an OECD report published in 2017. According to the report, the percentage of the population covered by government and private health insurance for core services (such as doctor consultations and surgical procedures) is less than 95% in seven OECD countries, and is lowest in the US, Greece, and Poland. Greece, where 86% of the population was covered as of 2015, is still being affected by a lack of coverage for the long-term unemployed following the financial crisis, according to the report. The cost of healthcare continues to be a serious impediment for many people around the world. The share of the population in OECD countries foregoing consultations due to cost is as high as 33% in Poland, according to the OECD report, 22.3% in the US, and 20.9% in Switzerland. The cost of prescribed medicines is also limiting access - 18% of the US population reported foregoing prescribed medicines, as did 11.6% in Switzerland, according to the report (the figure was as low as 2.3% in the United Kingdom, and 3.2% in Germany). In developing countries, the fact that health coverage tends to be paid for through taxes and salaries means it is inaccessible for the as much as 70% of the people in these places working in the unregulated, grey economy, according to an article published by the World Economic Forum in 2015. Coupled with a rise in chronic disease in these countries, there is a growing need to figure out ways to address related issues such as a lack of preventive care. Some solutions being developed involve bringing care directly to people - India’s Social Health Activist programme is designed to train 1 million community health workers, for example. Meanwhile digital solutions are also being devised; like many developing countries, Gabon is experiencing a surge in internet and mobile phone use - and it has sought to capitalize on that by boosting public access to health apps, according to a report published by the World Bank in 2016. Related insight areas: Global Health, Healthcare Delivery, Development Finance, Future of Economic Progress, Precision Medicine, Digital Economy and New Value Creation, Vaccination, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Insurance, Ageing, Future of Computing
18 SDG 03: Good Health and Well-Being Briefing, October 2020
Latest knowledge Rocky Mountain Institute
STAT
Three Key Takeaways from California’s First Workshop on Health Impacts of Gas Stoves
Diabetes, disparities, and Covid-19: Three intertwined ‘epidemics’ raise risk 01 October 2020
02 October 2020 S ome of Mary-Elizabeth Patti’s patients with diabetes are in a bind. Careful to practice social distancing, they tell her during telehealth visits they don’t feel safe exercising outdoors in their congested neighborhoods — though they know staying active and maintaining good blood sugar levels may be their best defense against severe Covid-19. “I’m always happy when patients say, yes, I’m not going out, I’m wearing a mask, I’m doing as much as I can. It makes it harder for people to meet their fitness goal, which is such a critical element of overall health and metabolic health,” said patti, an adult endocrinologist at joslin diabetes center in boston.
This week saw a breakthrough for regulation of indoor air quality in the United States. On September 30, the California Energy Commission (CEC) held a workshop on the health effects of gas appliances. This historic workshop highlighted the ways in... Read More The post Three Key Takeaways from California’s First Workshop on Health Impacts of Gas Stoves appeared first on Rocky Mountain Institute . RAND Corporation
Some Aspects of Patient Experience Assessed by Practices Undergoing Patient-Centered Medical Home Transformation Are Measured by CAHPS, Others Are Not
RAND Corporation
Developing Recovery Options for Puerto Rico's Economic and Disaster Recovery Plan
02 October 2020
30 September 2020 Overview of survey items used to assess patient experience and whether those items are on the CAHPS survey or not.
This report summarizes the strategic planning process in support of the government of Puerto Rico in its development of a congressionally mandated recovery plan.
Science
Translating genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease into mechanistic insight and drug targets
London School of Economics and Political Science
The rise and fall of sanitiser and face mask business in Tanzania
02 October 2020
29 September 2020
To provide better prevention and treatment, we need to understand the environmental and genetic risks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the definition of AD has been confounded with dementia in many studies. Thus, overinterpretation of genetic findings with regard to mechanisms and drug targets may explain, in part, controversies in the field. Here, we analyze the different forms of genetic risk of AD and how these can be used to model disease. We stress the importance of studying gene variants in the right cell types and in the right pathological context. The lack of mechanistic understanding of genetic variation has become the major bottleneck in the search for new drug targets for AD.
The use of face masks and sanitiser has proliferated across the globe , supported by the World Health Organization, among other public health institutions. The mask and sanitiser business spread rapidly across Dar es Salaam from late March 2020 and gained momentum from April to May. Business flourished in areas such as markets (Kariakoo, Tandale, Kisutu, Temeke Sterio, Mbagala), bus stops, small shops and hospital entrances. In many bus stops, such as Ubungo, Makumbusho, Gerezani Kariakoo and Mbagala, one could find street hawkers, famously known as ‘ wamachinga’ in Swahili, selling locally-produced masks. With no long-term specific goods to sell, the wamachinga respond closely to changing demands in the market.
19 SDG 03: Good Health and Well-Being Briefing, October 2020
Keeping Populations Healthy New technologies and techniques are needed to maintain health, particularly for the elderly The surplus of data being generated every day through the use of mobile phones and social media can be used to better track and contain the outbreak of illness and disease. A report published by researchers at Northeastern University in 2017 showed that Twitter posts can be monitored in order to predict the spread of seasonal flu in real time, for example, while mobile phone data has been used to track the contacts of people with Ebola in order to contain its spread in West Africa. While the quality of available data can help decision-makers respond more efficiently, improved communications efforts can help keep people better informed. Officials in the US have struggled in recent years to communicate effectively about health threats, according to a report published in the journal Health Security in 2017; during the 2014 Ebola outbreak, some depictions of the threat posed to the US caused unnecessary public concern, according to the report, which recommended being more explicit about uncertainty, and avoiding the phrase “out of an abundance of caution.� Increasing life expectancy will lead to a doubling of people in the world who are at least 60 years old by 2050, and then a tripling of that age group fifty years after that, according to the United Nations. This is triggering a number of healthcare-related concerns. The current global healthcare workforce is rarely trained to work with older people to ensure they can increase control over their own health, according to a report published by the World Health Organization in 2016. In addition, there is a lack of sufficiently qualified instructors in gerontology and geriatrics, according to the report, and a general lack of funding for related training. In addition, as people live longer they are being afflicted with a growing number of non-communicable diseases such as cancer and diabetes. In the Americas, the projected home to 200 million older adults by 2020 (compared with about 100 million as of 2006), noncommunicable diseases are responsible for seven out of 10 deaths among people aged 70 or older, according to the Pan American Health Organization and the WHO; in the US, more than 90% of older adults have at least one chronic disease. The PAHO and WHO are supporting related efforts to strengthen prevention, increase early detection, and ensure universal access to quality care. Related insight areas: Global Health, Systemic Racism, Healthcare Delivery, Digital Communications, Sustainable Development, Ageing, Vaccination, Education and Skills, Values
20 SDG 03: Good Health and Well-Being Briefing, October 2020
Latest knowledge Oxford Review of Economic Policy
Asian Development Bank
COVID-19 and public-sector capacity
Flood risk and public health: An unlikely partnership in the fight against COVID-19
02 October 2020 The paper argues that to govern a pandemic, governments require dynamic capabilities and capacity— too often missing. These include capacity to adapt and learn; capacity to align public services and citizen needs; capacity to govern resilient production systems; and capacity to govern data and digital platforms.
30 September 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented disruptions to the world. The disease itself and the containing measures brought societies and many public services to an abrupt halt. Flood risk management is, without exception, affected by such disruptions. Infrastructure development, planning and coordination, monitoring, and capacity building activities are all suspended. The public sector, on which flood risk management heavily relies, has been forced to redirect attention and resources to manage the pandemic, where they are needed most immediately.
Asian Development Bank
What we urgently need besides a vaccine 02 October 2020 With millions of confirmed COVID-19 infections worldwide and hundreds of thousands of deaths, the search for solutions to end the impacts of COVID-19 is overpowering. Finding a safe and effective vaccine is one crucial answer to the crisis. But there is more to it.
World Economic Forum
Art therapy: This is how the arts can sharpen mental health research 29 September 2020
Imperial College London
Smoking and obesity increase risk of severe COVID-19 and sepsis
3 projects show how culture can create positive change in health research resulting from the artful combination of curiosity and creativity, together with policy thinking and making.
01 October 2020 Researchers have identified genetic evidence to support a causal link between smoking and obesity and an increased risk of severe COVID-19 and sepsis.
Observer Research Foundation
Africa and COVID19: Impact, Response, and Challenges to Recovery
Center for Global Development
COVID-19 Vaccine Predictions: Using Mathematical Modelling and Expert Opinions to Estimate Timelines and Probabilities of Success of COVID-19 Vaccines
28 September 2020 Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak poses immense challenges to Africa’s resilience. The pandemic’s economic fallout, caused by disruptions in global and regional value chains and a slump in commodity prices, can derail the progress which the continent has recorded in recent years.
01 October 2020 We collected publicly available information, interviewed experts, and used our diverse range of expertise to analyse and model the COVID-19 vaccine portfolio in order to generate predictions about the vaccine portfolio's timeline.
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2. Sustainable Development and Universal Coverage
6. Access to Care
Herd Immunity Will Not Defeat COVID-19, Project Syndicate, www.projectsyndicate.org Primary Primers: Biden and Trump go big for Minnesota – a state which may matter less than they think., London School of Economics and Political Science, blogs.lse.ac.uk United Russia’s Image Problem: Revamping the ‘Nasty Party’ Before 2021, Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), rusi.org How firms can encourage courageous conversations about racism in the workplace, LSE Business Review, blogs.lse.ac.uk After the Vaccine, Project Syndicate, www.project-syndicate.org
How to build a better health system: 8 expert essays, World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org Use of Tele-Mental Health in Conjunction With In-Person Care, RAND Corporation, www.rand.org Kenya: MP Shah Hospital fined for failure to provide emergency treatment due to 'financial motives' leading to patient's death, Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, www.business-humanrights.org Ten ways to make life better for the middle class, Brookings, www.brookings.edu How to build a better world for heart health after COVID-19, World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org Latinos often lack access to healthcare and have poor health outcomes. Here’s how we can change that, Brookings, www.brookings.edu Community Care in Reach: Mobilizing Harm Reduction and Addiction Treatment Services for Vulnerable Populations, Frontiers, www.frontiersin.org
Europe’s Double Bind, Project Syndicate, www.project-syndicate.org Green Space: An Underestimated Tool to Create More Equal Cities, World Resources Institute, www.wri.org
3. Environmental Health and Climate Change Opioid abuse in Syria seeps into Turkish borderlands, The New Humanitarian, www.thenewhumanitarian.org What Does It Mean If a Vaccine Is ‘Successful’?, Wired, www.wired.com
Acknowledgements
Clean Energy Is Canceling Gas Plants, Rocky Mountain Institute, rmi.org
Cover and selected images throughout supplied by Reuters.
The COVID-Climate Nexus, Project Syndicate, www.project-syndicate.org
Some URLs have been shortened for readability. Please follow the URL given to visit the source of the article. A full URL can be provided on request.
Halving food waste and raising climate ambition: SDG 12.3 and the Paris Agreement, United Nations Environment, www.unenvironment.org How investing in nature can help tackle the biodiversity and climate crises, World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org China and Big Business Give Climate Diplomacy a Kick-Start at UNGA and Climate Week, World Resources Institute, www.wri.org
4. Shifting Demographics and Lifestyles Remote assessment of brain health during a pandemic, McGill Reporter, reporter.mcgill.ca Why improving women's lives is the key to healthy ageing, World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org This pandemic has revealed our most precious asset, World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org Covid-19 and socio-political attitudes in Europe, VoxEU, voxeu.org Biden holds his own as Trump refuses to condemn white supremacists and militia at the first presidential debate., London School of Economics and Political Science, blogs.lse.ac.uk Watch List 2020 – Autumn Update, International Crisis Group, www.crisisgroup.org Why Biden Is Better Than Trump for the Economy, Project Syndicate, www.project-syndicate.org
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23 SDG 03: Good Health and Well-Being Briefing, October 2020
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