Republic Museum

Wine Research Institute

We do not have any source of information other than books to learn about Turkey’s recent history. If we list the conceptual terms; words such as republic, city, memory, Atatürk, rebuilding, war, coup, party, irreligion, which their meanings change from person to person. Some of them are just rumors and unfortunately the history of the republic is known wrongly and the truth of these is not found in a museum. All of these need to be passed on to present and future generations. The duty of current generations is to pass all memory, which are considered as tangible heritage, on to future generations. Neglecting them means losing the collective memory, identity, thoughts and experiences.The Bandırma Ferry, which set off for Samsun, the point where the great leader Atatürk, who played an active role in the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, started the struggle for independence, has been removed from the old military shipment in Sarayburnu. For this reason, the first Atatürk statue in history was placed in Sarayburnu. With the idea of maintaining the memory of the city, the project area was chosen where the military shipment was located in the past. I designed the “Cumhuriyet Museum” by creating an original architectural design that will reflect and contribute to its cultural values and identity within the cultural and historical heritage of this area.

•Proclamation of the Second Constitutional Monarchy (1908)

•2nd. Abdulhamid’s dethronement (1909)

•The Ottoman defeat on all fronts and the loss of the Balkans with the Treaty of London

•The seizure of power by the Committee of Union and Progress

•World War I (1914-18)

•Canakkale Wars (1915)

•Transfer of Mustafa Kemal Pasha to Samsun (1919)

•Establishment of Parliament (1920) / Ankara administration against Istanbul

•War of Independence (1919-22)

•The adoption of the 1921 Constitution (Teşkilat-ı Esasiye)

•Saving the Aegean Region and İzmir from enemy occupation

•Duyun-ı Umumiye audit

•1923 Izmir Economy Congress

• Treaty of Lausanne

•Proclamation of the Republic

•Atatürk Revolutions and Enlightenment period, until Atatürk’s death (1923-38)

•Hitler and the Nazis came to power in Germany (1933)

•The election of İsmet İnönü as president

•World War II Period (1939-45)

• Transition from the single-party period to the multi-party system

•Opening of Village Institutes (1940)

•Election of Celal Bayar as president

•Korean War (1950)

•Launch of the first spacecraft Sputnik by the Soviet Union (1957)

•The tense political social environ ment towards 1960

•Military Intervention (27 May 1960)

•National Unity Committee Management

•New constitution

•Bilateral parliamentary system (1961-80)

•Talat Aydemir’s military coup attempts

•1968 Student Movements and their reflections on Turkey

•Walking on the Moon (1969)

•Bloody Sunday in Beyazıt (1969)

•State economy

• Establishment of 46 new factories between 1923-38 (cloth, sugar, aircraft, textiles, cement, Ankara Forest Farm)

•World Economic Depression (1929)

•Although Turkey did not participate in the Second World War, the serious economic problems caused by the war

•War economy with the National Protection Law

•Positive economic breakthroughs (1950-54)

• Shifting Investments to Highways instead of Railways

• Slowdown in investments due to the economic bottleneck

•High-interest domestic and foreign borrowing

•Efficiency of European architects in Turkey

•Activities of Levanter, Greek and Armenian architects from Istanbul who grew up in Europe

•Primary movement Art Nouveau (style 1900)

•The Ottoman-Islamic Synthesis (Panislamism) before the Second Constitutional Monarchy

•The search for Turkish National Style after the Second Constitutional Period (1908): First Nationalist Architecture Movement

• Intensive architectural practices in the new capital Ankara

• Foreign architect activities of the Republic of Turkey since 1927

•Assignment of H. Prost for Istanbul Planning (1936)

• Preparation of the Historical Peninsula and Beyoğlu plans (1937) The Second Nationalist Architecture Movement (with the influence of the totalitarian regimes in 1938-Europe)

• Flow to cities after the war

•1948 first slums

• Implementation of the Prost plan in Istanbul (1938-50)

• Internal migration and squatting

• Few architects (approximately 1500)

• Rationalist examples in the way of International Style

• Establishment of professional chambers with TMMOB law (1954)

• Zoning Law (1956)

• Construction breakthrough

•There is less variety and capacity in building materials.

•Late modern architecture exam ples and regionalist pursuits

• Improvement in conservation awareness

• Construction of Kızılay Emek Skyscraper in Ankara (the first skyscraper in Turkey)

•Military Memorandum (March 12, 1971)

•Political upheavals, right-left conflicts, political murders

•Prime Ministers parade: Nationalist Front governments

•Maras Massacre (1978)

•The Bloody Çorum Incidents (1980)

•Asala terrorism abroad

Military Coup (September 12, 1980)

•After the September 12 Coup, the military administration and the prime ministership of Bülent Ulusu

•Beginning of PKK terror (1987)

•Election of Turgut Özal as president

•The fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1989)

•The invention of the Internet and the WWW (1989)

•Coalitions period

•Election of Süleyman Demirel as president (1993)

•1995 General Elections: Rise of Islamist events

•Military intervention on February 28, 1997 on the grounds that religion was used in politics: “Postmodern Coup”

•Various coalition governments

• 1973 world oil crisis and economic depression

• Currency bottleneck

•Decisions on the economic stability program of January 24, 1980

•Globalization activities

• Neoliberal economy

•The collapse of the banking system (1982)

•Migration of 300 000 Bulgarian Turks to Turkey (1985)

• Intense foreign borrowing

•1994 Economic crisis

Devaluation

Inflation exceeding 100% Stock market crash

Extraordinary taxes

•Expansion of contractors abroad

• Opening of the Bosphorus Bridge (1973)

• Development in building materials: The first Building Fair in 1978

• Postmodernism in Europe and the USA

• Increase in industry and tourism structures

• Developments in the education of sub-vocational branches such as city and regional planning, interior architecture, landscape design

•Growth of buildings, skyscrapers and shopping malls with the effects of globalization

•Ozal-Dalan reconstruction in Istanbul (1984-89)

The destruction of the Golden Horn

Beginning of the skyscraper epidemic

•Establishment of the Mass Housing and Public Partnership Administration (1984) for housing for low- and middle-income families/ later TOKİ

•Opening of Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (1988)

•Preference of foreign architects in public and private sector

• Gaining speed and intensity of migration to big cities

•Increase in land speculation

• Start of real estate development

•1999 Kocaeli and Düzce earthquake disasters

•Regulations in the bylaws and regulations related to earthquakes

Atatürk’s life

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in Thessaloniki in 1881. Ali Rıza Efendi is his father and Zübeyde Hanım is his mother. The schools where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk studied are as follows; He received his primary education at the Neighborhood School and Şemsi Efendi School, his secondary education at the Thessaloniki Civil High School and Thessaloniki Military High School, his high school education at Thessaloniki Military High School, and his university education at the Military Academy and the Military Academy. While he was studying at the Military High School in 1893, his mathematics teacher gave him the name Kemal and thus his name became Mustafa Kemal. When the First World War ended, the lands of the homeland would be shared with the signing of the Armistice of Mudros. But Mustafa Kemal, who seized the situation, went to Samsun on 19 May 1919 and laid the foundations of the national struggle.

Mustafa Kemal, who led the opening of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on April 23, 1920, was also elected as the Head of the Government by the Assembly. On August 5, 1921, he was again elected Commander-in-Chief by the Assembly. He was honored with the title of Veteran and the rank of Marshal due to his great efforts in winning the Battle of Sakarya.

The Republic was proclaimed on October 29, 1923 and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became the first President of the Republic of Turkey. In 1934, the parliament granted the surname “Atatürk” to Gazi Mustafa Kemal.

He died on 10 November 1938 in Dolmabahçe Palace. It stunned the whole country. However, he is a leader who has reached eternity in our hearts with his reforms and what he has brought to our country.

Atatürk’s revolutions with the aim of “raising Turkey to the level of contemporary civilization”.

1. Political Revolutions:

· Abolition of the Sultanate (1 November 1922)

· Proclamation of the Republic (29 October 1923)

· Abolition of the Caliphate (3 March 1924)

2. Social Revolutions:

· Giving women equal rights with men (1926-1934)

· Hat and dress revolution (25 November 1925)

· Closure of dervish lodges and tombs (30 November 1925)

· Surname law (21 June 1934)

· Abolition of nicknames and titles (26 November 1934)

· Adoption of international clocks, calendars and measures of length (1925-1931)

3. Legal Revolution:

· Abolition of the Mecelle (1924-1937)

· Transition to the secular legal order by enacting the Turkish Civil Code and other laws (1924-1937)

4. Revolutions in Education and Culture:

· Unification of teaching (March 3, 1924)

· Adoption of new Turkish letters (1 November 1928)

· Establishment of Turkish Language and History Institutions (1931-1932)

· Organization of university education (31 May 1933)

· Innovations in fine arts

5. Revolutions in Economics:

· Removal of tithe

· Encourage the farmer

· Establishment of sample farms

· Establishment of industrial establishments by enacting the Industry Encouragement Law

· I. and II. Implementation of the Development Plans (1933-1937), equipping the country with new roads divides the continuity of the coast secluded and neglected railways people flow direction focus point (Topkapı palace) analysis

Project area due to historical importance bring continuity to the coast more attractive park sidewalk to enliven the space using nostalgic train line to animate area (opportunity to exhibit old trains)