Healthy Trees and the Need for Energy Tree Care Advisor Core Course Training 2012
Energy Drives All Tree Functions
Growth Tolerance Reproduction Recovery
Energy for Growth
One Cell Becomes Two Each New Cell Enlarges
Energy for Tolerance ď Ż
Healthy Trees Tolerate Extremes Better
Energy for Reproduction
•Flowering •Fruit/Seed Production •Germination
Energy for Recovery
Energy Begins with the Sun
Light Energy is Converted to Chemical Energy
Energy Doesn’t Come in a Bag
I. Photosynthesis: The Conversion of Light Energy into Chemical Energy
Photosynthesis: Limiting Factors ď Ż
Amount of Chlorophyll A
Photo: Gary Wyatt
Chlorophyll A
Chlorophyll A
Little to No Chlorophyll A‌Little to No Energy
Photo: Dave Hanson
Little to No Chlorophyll‌Little to No Energy
Little to No Chlorophyll‌Little to No Energy
Little to No Chlorophyll‌Little to No Energy
Mid July: Japanese Beetle Damage
Little to No Chlorophyll‌Little to No Energy
Mid July: Apple Scab Defoliation
Little to No Chlorophyll‌Little to No Energy
Early July: Decline-Induced Die Back
Indicators of Chlorophyll Content
Live Crown Ratio Characteristic Crown Density Crown Symmetry Leaf Color and Size
Live Crown Ratio: >60% (Deciduous) *c/T = LCR %
Crown Height (c) Total Height (T)
Live Crown Ratio: >75% (Evergreen) *c/T = LCR %
Crown Height (c) Total Height (T)
Characteristic Crown Density
Honeylocust vs.
Basswood
Crown Symmetry
Characteristic Leaf Color & Size
Photosynthesis: Limiting Factors ď Ż
Water
Limited Root System: Limited Water
Photo: Dave Hanson
Limited Soil Volume: Limited Water
Limited Soil Volume: Limited Water
Photo: Dave Hanson
Limited Soil Volume: Limited Water
Limited Capacity: Limited Water
Limited Capacity: Limited Water
Nicollet Island â&#x20AC;&#x153;soilâ&#x20AC;?: bulk density > 1.65; O.M.% < 0.5; pH 7.8-8.6.
Photosynthesis: Limiting Factors ď Ż
Heat Extremes
Abnormal…but Functional
Abnormal and Dysfunctional
Dysfunctional Root System: Limited Water
Dysfunctional Root System: Limited Water
Dysfunctional Root System: Limited Water
Dysfunctional Root System: Limited Water
Dysfunctional Root System: Limited Water
Sugar Maple with Stem Girdling Roots
Dysfunctional Root System: Limited Water Linden with Stem Girdling Roots
Damaged Transport System: Limited Water
Damaged Transport System: Limited Water
Damaged Transport System: Limited Water
II. Storing Energy Complex Carbohydrates Stored Throughout the Tree
Buds Twigs Branches Stems Roots
Compromised Energy Storage
Reduced Root Systems Decay Over-Pruned Crowns
Reduced Root Systems
Reduced Root Systems
Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Beneath the Surface?
What’s Beneath the Surface?
“…root biomass differs beneath porous and impervious pavements but only in the absence of a compacted subgrade and gravel base” “…coarse root abundance, like root biomass, increased beneath porous pavement, but only in plots without a compacted subgrade and gravel base.” Morganroth, Justin. 2011. Root Growth Response of Platanus orientalis to Porous Pavements. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, 37(2).
Compromised Energy Storage: Decay
Compromised Energy Storage: OverPruned Trees
Photo: Dave Hanson
Respiration: The Release of Energy
Errr, no, this is perspiration!
III. Respiration: The Release of Energy
Respiration
Occurs in all Living Cells
Growth Recovery Reproduction
Respiration Essentials
Adequate Oxygen Adequate Water Moderate Temperatures Chemical Energy
Respiration Essentials Met?
Respiration Essentials Met?
IV. What Do Trees Need for a Healthy Energy Cycle?
Functional:
Root Systems Transport Systems Energy Storage Crown
Functional Root Systems
Supply Water and Nutrients Anchor Trees for Stability
Functional Transport Systems
Functional Energy Storage
Functional Crown