BOB DYLAN REMASTERED: Drawings from the Road
May 25 – September 15
An exhibition celebrating yet another aspect of Bob Dylan’s creativity: his talents in visual art. Dylan started what is known as his “Never Ending Tour” in 1988. As he traveled through North America, Europe, and Asia, he sketched glimpses of his life on the road. Dylan made three different collections of his drawings by “remastering” these works, adding vivid watercolor and gouache to digital enlargements of the drawings to create a new, special edition set entitled “The Drawn Blank Series.”
Sponsored in part by The Clark Foundation and Mr. and Mrs. Thomas O. Putnam.
This exhibition was provided by Pan Art Connections. Image created by Taina Väisänen/TAKT Oy & Janne Alhonpää/Ensemble Oy
May 18 – September 8
Above: Miley Cyrus, singer-songwriter, New York City, USA, 2003
Right: Haight Street Rat, 2010, Banksy. Aerosol - stencil on redwood siding
Sponsored in part by Mr. and Mrs. Thomas O. Putnam, and Nellie and Robert Gipson.
Sponsored in part by The Clark Foundation and Nellie and Robert Gipson.
No need to cut, just bring in the whole issue!
AMERICAN LANDSCAPES
June
Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902), Autumn Woods, Oneida County, State of New York (detail), ca. 1886. Oil on linen. New-York
Next Issue: August 1st
Perfume of the Past
by Sharry L. Whitney
Have you ever noticed how a certain smell can spark a memory? Curious about this phenomenon, I recently Googled and found an article by Molly McDonough from Harvard Medicine (April 2024) that explained the amazing connections scents make in our brains.
The article talks about how special scent-reading cells in our nose send electrical signals to the parts of the brain involved in learning, emotions, and memories. If that smell is tied to a strong emotional moment, it can store that information away indefinitely. Even years later, that same scent can bring memories and emotions flooding back.
There is a sweet, red, earthy scent of a particular soil that brings back vivid childhood memories of pet burials with my family. When I smell it today, I can still hear the shovel scraping the dry rocky soil teeming with ants. I can feel my parent’s sadness. As I child I knew they were mourning the death as we were, but now as a parent, I understand their deeper
Then there is the deep, swampy smell of what we used to call “seaweed (actually chara, a pond weed.) This scent takes me back to our family seaweed fights, a veritable battlefield of floating fortresses stockpiled with slimey globs of odiferous chara bombs. I can hear the “schhplat!” of the hurled projectile hitting its target. I wrote last year about the beautiful fragrance of honeysuckle and lamented its ephemeralness. It makes me wonder what scents will trigger memories for our little granddaughter someday. Will the fragrance of honeysuckle or fresh-picked peas transport her back to these days? Perhaps creating posies with Meema will be sparked by the scent of lavender.
How the brain stores the feelings of a moment in time is a mystery. Perhaps her memory will be sparked by the sharp, putrid smell of the compost bucket that her grandmother waited too long to take to the compost pile. But just like compost turns into rich, loamy soil, perhaps her experiences gardening with Meema will blossom into cherished memories. •
Riggie is roaming around and hiding in the advertising areas of the magazine. Next to him you’ll find a letter. Find all the Riggies and rearrange the letters to answer this riddle. Submit your answer by the 15th of the month to be entered in drawing for a $100 shopping spree at the advertiser of your choice! (Excluding media and banks) One entry per household per month. Mail to: Riggie’s Riddle, 30 Kellogg St., Clinton, NY, 13323 or email: mohawkvalleyliving@hotmail.com
NOTE: Please enter Riggie’s Riddle and crossword puzzle in separate emails.
The answer to last month’s puzzle about the birth flower of May and the Mohawk Valley: Lily of the Valley. Our winner is Evelyn Schiavetta of New Hartford
The answer to last month’s riddle about Tassel Hill’s unique distinction in Oneida County: HIGHEST POINT The winner is: Xavier Kirkwood of New York Mills
Image: Gavin and Angelika Underwood at Underwood Ranch, Unadilla, NY, 2017. Photo by Wesley Bernard
by matt perry
Wild animals possess their own unique forms of intelligence, which differ significantly from human intellect and often cannot be easily compared to our own. Just like humans, animals use their intelligence to adapt to their environments. They utilize their cognitive skills to find food and shelter, solve problems, establish territories, and reproduce. Humans, however, tend to evaluate the intelligence of other species through a human-centric lens. We measure brain size and compare cognitive abilities using criteria that highlight our strengths, thereby placing ourselves at the top of the intelligence hierarchy. Indeed, when considering human achievements—such as the use of complex language, the development and use of a diverse set of tools, the engineering of sophisticated homes and infrastructure, and the creation of art, music, and literature—it seems almost inconceivable that any animal could match these feats. For example, we might ask, what significant literary work has a bear ever produced? This rhetorical question underscores the perceived gap between human and animal intelligence. However, this comparison overlooks the fact that animals demonstrate remarkable intelligence in ways that are crucial for their survival and well-being. Animals demonstrate remarkable ingenuity and resilience in their daily lives. They have perfected the art of survival through adaptation, finding food, building shelters, and maintaining the balance of their ecosystems over countless generations. Unlike humans, who often disrupt
and degrade their own environments, many animal species live in harmony with nature, ensuring the sustainability of their habitats. Thus, if we measure intelligence by the ability to live sustainably and maintain ecological balance for millennia, animals might indeed surpass humans. Recognizing this broader definition of intelligence allows us to appreciate the diverse and effective ways in which different species have adapted to and thrived within their environments.
Raccoons
With their masked faces and nimble paws, Raccoons are ubiquitous in North America, thriving in both wild and urban environments. Often considered nuisances due to their penchant for raiding garbage cans and making themselves at home in attics, raccoons are, in fact, highly intelligent creatures whose cognitive abilities rival those of many other animals widely thought of as clever. One of the most notable aspects of raccoon intelligence is their exceptional problem-solving skills. These skills are frequently on display when raccoons navigate complex urban landscapes in search of food. They have been observed opening latches, undoing knots, and even turning door handles. In laboratory settings, raccoons have demonstrated the ability to solve puzzles that require a sequence of actions to obtain a reward, showing a level of understanding and persistence that is quite outstanding.
Raccoons possess incredibly dexterous front paws, which function much like human hands. This dexterity allows them to manipulate objects with great precision, a skill that is key to their species’ long-term survival. They can open jars, unlatch cages, and extract food from tight spaces. Studies have shown that raccoons have a highly developed sense of touch, which they often rely on more than their sense of sight to explore their environment and identify objects.
Raccoons have impressive memory capabilities. They can remember the solution to tasks for at least three years, as evidenced by research where raccoons successfully repeated complex tasks learned long before. This long-term memory is particularly useful in urban settings, where they need to remember the locations of food sources and safe hiding spots amongst complex
human infrastructure.
Despite being primarily solitary animals, raccoons exhibit complex social behaviors. They often live in loose family groups, especially females with their young. Within these groups, raccoons engage in cooperative behaviors and teach their offspring essential survival skills. Young raccoons learn from their mothers how to forage, hunt, and navigate their environment. This social learning is a critical component of their development and showcases their ability to pass on knowledge through generations. Sometimes when young are orphaned or spurned by their family group, siblings team up, assist each other, and work cooperatively to find food and shelter. A pair of siblings might remain together for years.
To the casual observer, the Raccoon’s vocalizations may be inscrutable – a collection of growls and shrill cries. However, their calls represent a complex communication system, indicative of a sophisticated level of social intelligence. Furthermore, raccoons communicate using body language, and scent markings. Together with their vocalizations, these communication methods are used to establish territories, signal danger, and coordinate with others. Their “language” also helps them navigate overlapping territories and engage in social interactions.
Coyotes
Coyotes, often seen as wily and elusive, are one of North America’s most adaptable and in-
telligent predators. Their ability to thrive in diverse environments—from remote wilderness to bustling urban areas—speaks volumes about their cognitive capabilities. These creatures are not only survivors but also demonstrate a range of behaviors indicative of high intelligence.
Coyotes are renowned for their adaptability. Originally native to the prairies, deserts, and forests of western North America, they have expanded their range in all directions across the continent, including into heavily populated urban areas. This adaptability is a key indicator of their intelligence. Coyotes can adjust their diet based on available resources, consuming everything from small mammals and insects to fruits and human refuse. Their flexible diet allows them to thrive in varied habitats and conditions. In urban environments, coyotes have learned to navigate the complexities of city life, avoiding dangers such as traffic and human activity while exploiting opportunities for food and shelter. This ability to adapt to rapidly changing environments demonstrates their cognitive flexibility and problem-solving skills.
Coyotes exhibit complex social structures, which vary depending on their environment. In areas with abundant resources, they may form stable packs consisting of a breeding pair and their offspring. These family groups collaborate in hunting and territorial defense, showcasing their ability to work together towards common goals. This cooperation requires sophisticated communication and social intelligence. Coy-
otes, sometimes referred to as “singing dogs” communicate through a variety of vocalizations, body language, and scent markings. Their iconic, complex vocalizations serve multiple purposes, such as defining territory, coordinating activities, and communicating with distant family members. These vocalizations are nuanced, allowing coyotes to convey detailed information and maintain social bonds over large distances.
Coyotes are known for their keen problem-solving abilities. They exhibit behaviors that suggest high levels of cognition, such as understanding cause-and-effect relationships and employing strategic thinking during hunts. For example, they often hunt in pairs or small family groups to increase their success rate. By working together, they can outmaneuver and capture prey that would otherwise be difficult to catch alone. In urban areas, coyotes demonstrate remarkable ingenuity in finding food and avoid-
Coyotes are adept at living in virtually all habitat types
ing hazards. They have been observed waiting for traffic lights to change before crossing streets, indicating an understanding of human-made systems. Such behaviors suggest that coyotes can learn from their environment and adapt their actions accordingly, a hallmark of intelligent behavior. They are also often extremely wary of trail-cameras – likely associating them with hunters. Multiple times, I have seen them deliberately move deer carcasses to put distance between them and a camera trap. Coyotes possess strong learning and memory capabilities. They can learn to recognize and avoid traps, a behavior that has been documented in areas where lethal trapping is common. This ability to learn from past experiences and alter behavior to avoid future threats is a significant indicator of intelligence. Young coyotes, or pups, engage in play that helps them develop essential survival skills. Through play, they learn to hunt, fight, and interact socially. This period of learning is crucial for their development and demonstrates the importance of experience and practice in honing their cognitive abilities.
Another example of the coyote’s intelligence is its resilience and adaptability in the face of concerted extermination efforts. Despite over a century of intensive campaigns aimed at reducing its population through trapping, poisoning, culling, and even biological interventions, the coyote has not only survived but thrived and expanded its range. Notably, this was not the case with other persecuted predators such as cougars, wolves, and grizzly bears, which were successfully extirpated from the vast majority of their species’ former ranges. The coyote’s success can be attributed to several key factors inherent to their biology and behavior. Firstly, coyotes possess a high reproductive potential, which has been a crucial factor in their resilience. They can adjust their reproductive rates in response to population pressures and environmental conditions. When their numbers are reduced by extermination efforts, coyotes respond by producing larger litters which lead to higher pup survival rates, effectively compensating for losses. This biological feedback mechanism ensures that coyote populations can quickly rebound even after significant efforts to cull them. Additionally, social structure and behavioral plasticity further enhance the coyote’s ability to evade eradication. Coyotes are capable of altering their social organization, hunting strategies, and even activity patterns to avoid Human detection and intervention. For example, they may become more nocturnal in response to Human presence or shift their territories to less accessible areas. Their intelligence and problem-solving abilities allow them to learn from
Chickadees live in tight family groups
and adapt to threats, making traditional control methods less effective over time.
Black-capped Chickadees
Most of us who have birdfeeders have some notion of just how clever black-capped chickadees are. Their gregarious nature, curiosity, and vivaciousness are legendary. What is perhaps not generally known is that they possess exceptional memory, and problem-solving skills, and use a complex method of communication. These traits make them one of the most successful and resourceful bird species in North America.
Black-capped chickadees have impressive memory abilities, particularly when it comes to food storage. These small songbirds engage in a behavior known as “scatter hoarding,” where they hide food items, such as seeds and insects, in various locations within their territory. This behavior is crucial for their survival, especially during the harsh winter months when food is scarce. Remarkably, chickadees can remember the precise locations of thousands of food caches, relying on their spatial memory to retrieve these items when needed. The memory capabilities of black-capped chickadees are supported by an adaptation in their brain structure. Research has shown that the hippocampus, a region of the brain associated with spatial memory, is significantly larger in chickadees compared to non-hoarding bird species. This enlargement of the hippocampus occurs seasonally, expanding during the fall when the birds are most actively storing food. This seasonal neuroplasticity allows chickadees to optimize their memory performance in response to environmental demands, demonstrating a fascinating example of how brain function can adapt to specific ecological challenges.
In addition to their spatial memory for food caches, black-capped chickadees also exhibit remarkable vocal memory. They use a complex system of vocalizations for communication, including their distinctive “chick-a-dee-dee-dee” call, which conveys information about predators, food sources, and social interactions. Chickadees can recognize and remember the calls of individual flock members, an ability that helps maintain social cohesion and coordination within the group. This vocal
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memory is essential for their social structure and cooperative behaviors, further highlighting the cognitive sophistication of these tiny but highly intelligent birds.
Chickadees also exhibit intricate social behaviors. They often form the core of mixed-species foraging flocks, collaborating with other small birds to enhance their foraging efficiency and predator detection. Bird species like warblers, brown creepers, nuthatches, and woodpeckers, quickly discover that they gain a survival advantage by teaming up with the ever-alert and clever chickadees. Within these diverse flocks, chickadees establish social hierarchies and use their communication skills to navigate multi-species social structures, ensuring cooperation and reducing conflict. Chickadees exhibit a remarkable ability to detect predators and respond with appropriate defensive behaviors. Their keen eyesight and acute hearing help them remain vigilant, and their complex alarm calls coordinate group responses to threats, enhancing their collective survival.
Chickadees are highly adaptable and capable of learning from their experiences and adjusting their behavior accordingly. They are known to observe and learn from other birds, a behavior known as social learning. For instance, if a chickadee observes another bird successfully accessing a food source, it can quickly adopt similar techniques. This adaptability is particularly evident in urban environments, where chickadees face unique challenges. They have been observed using human-made structures for nesting and foraging, demonstrating their ability to exploit new resources. Their capacity to thrive in both natural and Human-altered landscapes underscores their intelligence and flexibility.
In addition to their cognitive abilities, chickadees employ various survival strategies that reflect their intelligence. During harsh winter months, they enter a state of regulated hypothermia at night, lowering their body temperature to conserve energy. This physiological adaptation is accompanied by behavioral changes, such as increased food caching and roosting in insulated cavities to stay warm.
Blue Jays
With their striking blue plumage and loud, distinctive calls, blue jays are a familiar sight across North America. These birds are not only beautiful but also remarkably intelligent. Known for their complex social structures, problem-solving abilities, and impressive memory, Blue Jays exhibit a range of behaviors that highlight their cognitive prowess. Their intelligence makes them fascinating subjects for ornithologists and bird enthusiasts alike. Blue Jays are adept problem solvers, often displaying ingenuity and resourcefulness in their quest for food. They have been observed using tools, a trait once thought to be limited to only a few highly intelligent species. For example, Blue Jays may use sticks or pieces of bark to extract insects from crevices or to pry open nuts. This ability to manipulate objects to achieve a goal demonstrates their advanced cognitive skills. In experimental settings, Blue Jays have shown the ability to solve complex puzzles. Tasks that require a series of steps, such as pulling strings to access food or navigating mazes, are approached with methodical trial and error. This behavior indicates not only intelligence but also a high degree of patience and learning ability.
One of the most impressive aspects of Blue Jay intelligence is their exceptional memory. Like other members of the corvid family, Blue Jays engage in caching behavior, storing food in various locations to
Blue Jays mimic the calls of various raptor species
later. This behavior requires a detailed spatial memory, as they must remember the locations of hundreds of caches over extended periods. Blue Jays have been observed relocating caches if they suspect they have been observed by other animals, indicating an awareness of potential theft and a strategic approach to food storage. This ability to remember and adjust their caching behavior based on social interactions further underscores their cognitive complexity. Their caching behavior also may illustrate a tendency to plan for the future – another sign of cognitive complexity.
Blue Jays are highly social birds, often forming tight-knit family groups and flocks. Their social behavior is sophisticated, involving complex communication and cooperative activities. Blue Jays use a wide range of vocalizations and body language to communicate with each other, conveying detailed information about food sources, predators, and social dynamics. Their
loud, varied calls can signal alarm, coordinate group movements, or establish territory. Blue Jays are also known for their mimicry skills, imitating the calls of other birds, such as hawks, to deter potential predators or competitors. This mimicry requires not only vocal ability but also an understanding of the context in which these calls are effective. Many times, I’ve heard jays employ mimicked hawk cries to clear bird-feeder areas of competitors as they abruptly arrive on the scene. Furthermore, they will specifically choose to mimic the call of a hawk species that hunts in that area; this behavior suggests an understanding of how other bird species will react to the sudden arrival of a known threat.
Blue Jays are highly adaptable birds, capable of learning from their environment and each other. In urban areas, they have been observed exploiting human-made resources, such as bird feeders and discarded food. Their ability
to thrive in both natural and human-altered landscapes showcases their flexibility and learning capacity. Juvenile blue jays learn essential survival skills from their parents and other adult jays, demonstrating the importance of social learning in their development. This includes learning to recognize and respond to predators, identify food sources, and navigate their environment.
Blue Jays exhibit behaviors that suggest a capacity for deception and strategic thinking. For instance, when caching food, they often engage in “false caching” behaviors, pretending to hide food in one location while storing it elsewhere. This tactic can mislead potential thieves, protecting their valuable resources. Such behavior indicates a level of foresight and planning that is indicative of higher cognitive functioning. The intelligence of blue jays plays a crucial role in their ecosystems. As seed dispersers, they contribute to the health and regeneration of forests.
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Deborah Bali
Andrew Samel • Angela Pohleven
Their habit of burying acorns and other seeds, some of which are forgotten and left to germinate, helps promote plant diversity and forest growth. This ecological role is enhanced by their cognitive abilities, as they selectively cache seeds in locations that are more likely to support germination.
European Starlings
European Starlings often receive grief from birders, conservationists, farmers, and from the general public, for not being a native species, for inhabiting human dwellings and other buildings, for consuming grain, and for occurring in large flocks. However, there is much to appreciate about this often misunderstood and underestimated species – such as its intelligence. As it happens, starlings are renowned for their intelligence and adaptability. These sleek, iridescent songbirds display a remarkable array of cognitive abilities, from complex vocalizations and problem-solving skills to social behaviors that showcase their intelligence. Despite being considered pests, starlings show a range of behaviors that continue to captivate scientists and some bird enthusiasts.
One of the most striking aspects of starling intelligence is their vocal mimicry. These birds possess a remarkable ability to imitate the sounds of other birds, animals, and even human-made noises. In some cases, starlings can accurately mimic the calls of over 20 different species, demonstrating a level of vocal flexibility rarely seen in the avian world. Their mimicry skills are not frivolous; they serve important functions in communication and social cohesion. Starlings use a diverse range of vocalizations to convey information about food sources, warn of predators, and coordinate group movements. Mimicry allows them to integrate seamlessly into mixed-species flocks – often with various native blackbird species, enhancing their social interactions and survival strategies. Starlings are adept problem solvers, capable of navigating complex environments and finding innovative solutions to challenges. In experimental settings, they have demonstrated the ability to solve puzzles and manipulate objects to access food rewards. These tasks often involve multiple steps and require both cognitive flexibility and persistence. For example, starlings have been observed using tools to extract food from hard-to-reach places, such as using sticks to pry open crevices or manipulate obstacles. This behavior indicates a high level of cognitive sophistication and adaptability to novel situations.
Starlings are highly social birds, forming large flocks that can number in the thousands. Within these flocks, intricate social structures emerge, with individuals forming bonds and hierarchies based on factors such as age, experience, and reproductive status. Social interactions play a crucial role in their survival, as they rely on collective behaviors to find food, avoid predators, and roost safely. In some cases, starlings engage in cooperative breeding, with multiple adults helping to raise the offspring of a single breeding pair. This cooperative behavior requires communication, coordination, and cooperation among group members.
The flight coordination involved in “murmurations” (the enigmatic name for a flock of Starlings) is an awe-inspiring display of collective intelligence and sophisticated group dynamics. Each starling in the flock follows a set of simple, local rules: aligning its direction and speed with its nearest neighbors, maintaining an optimal distance to prevent collisions, and adjusting its velocity to match those around it. This decentralized yet highly coordinated system enables the flock to move as a cohesive unit, displaying fluid, dynamic patterns that can rapidly adapt to environmental changes and threats, such as predators. The emergent behavior of these flocks, where intricate and synchronized movements arise from individual actions, suggests a form of distributed intelligence. This collective intelligence is not the result of any single bird’s aware-
Starlings are masters of mimicry and problem-solving
ness but rather the result of real-time, local interactions and the rapid processing of information within the group. Such phenomena highlight the sophisticated nature of animal behavior, revealing how complex systems can emerge from simple rules and interactions.
Starlings are incredibly adaptable birds, capable of thriving in a wide range of habitats, from woodlands and grasslands to urban environments. Their ability to exploit human-altered landscapes has led to their success in cities and towns around the world. They nest in buildings, forage in parks and gardens, and roost in large numbers on urban structures. Their adaptability extends to their diet, which is highly varied and includes seeds, fruits, insects, and Human food scraps. This dietary flexibility allows them
to capitalize on food resources in urban areas, where traditional habitats may be scarce.
The intelligence of wild animals is both diverse and profound, tailored to their specific needs and environments. Unlike human intelligence, which is often measured through a human-centric lens, animal intelligence manifests in ways crucial for survival, problem-solving, and social interaction within their ecosystems. Raccoons exhibit remarkable problem-solving skills and dexterity. Coyotes demonstrate adaptability and complex social structures. Chickadees showcase exceptional memory and communication abilities. Blue Jays reveal sophisticated problem-solving and social behaviors. Lastly, starlings display collective intelligence and vocal mimicry. Recognizing and
The Eclectic Chic 2044 Glenwood Plaza Oneida, NY 13421
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appreciating these unique forms of intelligence can lead to a better understanding of the natural world and encourage more compassionate and effective conservation efforts. By broadening our perspective on what constitutes intelligence, we can learn to coexist more harmoniously with these remarkable creatures and acknowledge the richness they bring to our shared environment.
the mvL restaurant guide
Little Falls Antique Center
1. That hurts!
3. The message of Tim Behrendt’s story, “The Pink Dress”: Enough + More = Loss of ___.
6. What the ‘A’ stands for in AOH, the Irish Catholic fraternal organization. See MV Restaurant.
7. Solely
8. Have a cheesy adventure on this! (2 words)
11. Welcome a guest.
12. A favorite flower in July for nectaring butterflies.
15. The result of a series of intense solar flares and CMEs. See Astronomy.
16. Longtime excavator MVL advertiser.
Down
1. Occupation of this month’s Classical MV Musician.
2. The majestic vistas of south eastern New York State and adjacent areas inspired this talented school of American artists. (2 words) See MV Arts.
4. Deli in Little Falls, ___ Street.
5. Gaelic word for “good health.” See MV Restaurant.
9. A ____ is a ____ of course, of course!
10. Deirdre Sinnott’s book is about this Mrs.
12. Goes great with an Amish table from Jeff’s Amish Furniture in Jordanville!
13. New stop on the CNY Cheese Trail: ___ Star Orchards. See On the Farm. 14. Utica’s new hospital.
17. A large-scale artistic work.
If you are looking for fun and interesting things to do this summer season, look no further than the CNY Cheese Trail! This group of 13 producers throughout the Mohawk Valley and Central New York represent a wide variety of cheese types and unique experiences—offering a little something for everyone.
Visiting all locations in one day would be a very tall (if not downright impossible) order, so be sure to plan your trip accordingly. The locations are, admittedly, fairly spread out. But there’s a lot to see and do between stops, allowing visitors to break the trail into fun little day trips.
I am excited to share that we have added three new locations to the CNY Cheese Trail for the 2024 season:
Oneida-Madison Milk Producers Co-Op in Sherrill has a small store with a variety of cheeses, butter, yogurt, and local dry goods. Proceeds go back to support their participating dairy farmers.
Fly Creek Cider Mill in Fly Creek ages cheese in-house, has a cut-and-wrap cheese counter, and a store with New York State goods and an ice cream scoop shop. They also have a tasting room featuring ciders, wines, spirits, and craft beers.
North Star Orchards in Westmoreland ages cheese in-house, has a cut-and-wrap cheese counter, and a store packed with New York State goods. They also feature you-pick apples, tulips, and more, as well as freshly pressed cider in the fall.
These locations join Adirondack Cheese Company in Barneveld, Artisanal Cheese in Utica, Callee 1945 in Oneida, Collins Farm & Creamery in Rome, Cooperstown Cheese Company in Milford, Jewett’s Cheese House in Earlville, Jones Family Farm in Herkimer, Kriemhild Dairy Farm in Hamilton, Original Herkimer Cheese in Ilion, and Stoltzfus Family Dairy in Vernon Center.
The brain-child of a group of cheesemakers, local businesses, and the Herkimer IDA, the CNY Cheese Trail started just a few short years ago. Partnering with the tourism offices of Madison, Oneida, Otsego, and Herkimer Counties (MOOH!) has meant a coordinated and concerted effort to attract visitors from within and outside the area. We’ve also succeeded in increasing awareness and appreciation of the importance of the dairy industry to the Mohawk Valley—a huge win in my book!
I hope you can have a cheesy, local adventure this summer, and maybe we’ll see you on the CNY Cheese Trail. And don’t forget your Trailblazer card. A stamp at each location wins you a free insulated tote…something to carry all your cheese! •
Suzie Jones and her husband, Peter, own Jones Family Farm in Herkimer. Together, with their children, they produce specialty goat cheeses and gelato. Find them at local farmers’ markets and online at www.anotherjonesfamilyfarm.com
We didn’t have to improve load lift capacity by up to 22%. We already had the competition beat. And we didn’t have to increase the backhoe’s digging depth by 30%.* But we did. And now, after more than a 1000 hours of testing from the scorching heat of Texas to the frigid air of Michigan, the new 2024 MT2 models are here. Proven and ready to outperform expectations of what tractors this good should cost. Start Blue. Stay Blue.
Cheese House
A family business since 1970 NY State aged cheddar 1-20 years old! Over 400 items of cheese
Michael Guarneiri
Hometown: Verona, NY
Instruments: Piano, Pipe Organ, Guitar
Age began playing the piano: Age 6
Education: Graduated high school June 2024. Will attend Syracuse University majoring in Organ Performance in the Fall
Current employment: Organist at Good Shepherd Lutheran Church in Fayetteville, NY.
Influences: Michael’s primary influence has been his dad who is a pianist/organist. More recently influenced by recordings of Olivier Latry, the titular organist at Notre Dame in Paris.
Artist statement: Music wasn’t something I chose, but something that’s always been a part of me. I am particularly drawn to the organ because it can tell stories and be expressive in ways that few other instruments can.
Upcoming Performances
Thursday, July 11, 11am-12:30pm
Summer@Eastman Organ Camp Closing Recitals.
Thursday, July 18, 6pm
Society for New Music Rising Stars Concert, First Presbyterian Church, 27 Albany St., Cazenovia
The program, curated by Sar-Shalom Strong, features Michael Guarneiri, organ, performing a newly-composed piece.
Five Points Public House & Event Center
by Maryann Vanderpool-Imundo
Five Points Public House and Event Center on Columbia Street in Utica deserves a shiny gold star for providing CNY with the wholesome fare of Ireland in an atmosphere reminiscent of the Emerald Isle.
Sean Farrell, Five Points Board of Directors gave Mohawk Valley Living an enthusiastic tour of the establishment which is embraced inside the Irish Cultural Center (ICC).
On the patio, Celtic symbols and Irish flags representing the 32 counties of Ireland surround K-Dogg Acoustic as he performs in front of a large trinity knot, tree of life, and triquetra. Listening are friends enjoying bartender Jessica Kingsley’s specialty cocktails: Strawberry Basil Smash (Uncle Nearest 1856 Whisky, strawberries, basil, and lemon juice) and Proper Raspberry (Proper 12, Chambord, lime juice, and raspberries). “Jessica is amazing,” Farrell said, “She is always coming up with new cocktails that change with the season.” These refreshing drinks pair nicely with the Five Points Salad which contains mixed greens, roasted beets, candied walnuts, blue cheese, bacon bits, and honey mustard vinaigrette.
Before beginning the inside tour, Farrell ordered his favorite spirit, Tullamore DEW Irish Whiskey. “Slainte,” he said while raising his glass to those present wishing them good health. This Gaelic word is written on the back of the waitstaff’s T-shirts and emanates a sincere vibe of Irish hospitality.
“This entire place, including the artifacts, was built in Ireland, and shipped over here in three shipments,” Farrell said of the beautifully crafted wooden bar, furniture, musical instruments, and wall hangings. “We even have a snug which is very common in Irish pubs,” he said, referencing the secluded fireplace area with cushioned benches.
Farrell’s affable personality and sense of humor are appreciated by the patrons and staff. Upon asking him to describe the clientele, he paused then responded with a chuckle, “They’re a thirsty bunch! Not to stereotype the Irish, but there’s a lot of Guinness poured here!” Other popular beers are Saranac, Harp Lager, Utica Club, Black Marble Stout, Smithwick’s Ale, and
(Left to right): Trish Healy, bartender Carmen Ambrose, and Rebecca Webb
Sullivan’s Ale.
Many Five Points customers come from the organizations associated with the building: The Harp Museum, The Irish Cultural Center, The Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH), AOH Ladies Auxiliary, The Utica St Patrick’s Day Parade, The Craib Dugan O’Looney Band (CDO) and CDO Ceili Celtic Dancers. However, Farrell said, “Much to my chagrin, there’s a misconception that Five Points is a private club, but we are not. We are open to the public and we want people to come in.”
The Harp Museum upstairs has a display about Ireland’s climate which nourishes the growth of hearty root vegetables such as potatoes, turnips, cabbage, leeks, and beets. Accordingly, they’re used in the Five Points menu. An overwhelming favorite is the Shepherd’s Pie, containing ground lamb and beef, gravy, mixed vegetables, and mashed potatoes. Farrell said, “It gets its name because there are a lot of sheep in Ireland,” said Farrell.
Also available are Pretzel Fries, Irish Greens, Meatloaf, Corned Beef Sliders, Reuben, Irish Dip Sandwich, Guinness Meatballs, Fish and Chips, Bangers (Irish sausage) and Mash, Pub Fries, and Guinness Battered Fried Shrimp.
Vanilla or Chocolate Ice Cream topped with Irish Cream, chocolate sauce, and whipped cream or New York Style Cheesecake with mixed berries and whipped cream are available for dessert.
“We are currently planning to add more menu options for people with dietary restrictions and multicultural food to reflect the neighborhood we’re in,” Farrell said.
There’s a lot of entertainment at Five Points. “On the first Wednesday of the month, Craib Dugan O’Looney plays traditional
Five Points Meatloaf and Mash
K-Dogg Acoustic
Irish music,” Farrell said, “and there’s live music every Thursday, but that music isn’t just Irish.”
Thursday evenings at 7:00, folks can take a free Irish Dance lesson upstairs with Gracie Schell and the CDO Ceili Dancers.
The atmosphere at Five Points is idyllic for a movie in need of an Irish pub, hence, Farrell added Five Points to Film Utica’s list of locations eager to share their space. Farrell said, “We haven’t had the luck of the Irish on that one yet, but if it happens we would love it!”
The Event Center across the hall has hosted many parties and celebrations. Farrell fondly recalls a fundraising event for the ICC that he coordinated, Spellbound. It was a historical Irish Halloween party beautifully decorated with Jack O Lanterns made from turnips just like Samhain (Celtic word for Halloween) in the Middle Ages. “We tried to honor the spirit of the original tradition as much as possible. It was well attended, and everyone had a great time!” Spellbound 2 is scheduled for October 19th, 2024.
As Farrell led Mohawk Valley Living exiting back out to the patio, there was a noticeable drop in temperature. “When it gets chilly, we give people blankets, and skewers with marshmallows to toast over the fireplace,” he said, “It’s so nice sitting here under the strings of party lights looking at the stars.” •
Five Points Public House and Events Center
623 Columbia St., Utica Open Wednesday: 11am–10pm, Thursday–Saturday: 4–10pm
Maryann Vanderpool-Imundo is a poet and freelance creative writer. She is an active member in the Oneida Chapter National Society of The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). She enjoys history, writing, public speaking, ballroom dancing and line dancing.
The Blarney Rebel Band at dusk by the fireplace at Five Points Public House in Utica
When searching for butterflies, it’s essential to pay attention to the weather and timing. Butterflies are most active on warm, sunny days, especially from late morning to early afternoon when temperatures are higher. Windy or rainy conditions can significantly reduce their activity, so clear, calm days are ideal for butterfly-watching. Carrying a field guide or using a phone app is recommended for identifying different species. Binoculars are crucial, preferably a close-focusing pair, as some butterflies are very small, and their markings are hard to distinguish with the unaided eye. A camera is also helpful and the best way to “capture” a butterfly. Avoid using nets or handling butterflies and their larvae. The scales on butterfly wings are extremely delicate and can be easily damaged by touch.
At our nature preserve, several places are highly productive for butterflies in July. One is a planted native wildflower meadow which covers about 1.5 acres. In July, the wild bergamot and coneflowers are in bloom, and those species are among the favorites of nectaring butterflies. Some of the butterflies I expect to find in the meadow are the Striped Hairstreak, the Great Spangled Fritillary, and The Silver-spotted Skipper.
In our region adult Striped Hairstreak butterflies typically emerge from their chrysalises in early summer. These nickel-sized butterflies are easily identified by the distinctive white stripes that run across the underside of their gray-brown wings, as well as the small tails
on their hindwings that resemble antennae. This mimicry is thought to confuse predators, who may mistake the tails for the butterfly’s head and attack the less vital parts of its body. Adults feed on the nectar of various flowers, including milkweed, dogbane, and clover, providing important pollination services as they forage.
The Striped Hairstreak is generally solitary, and sightings are often brief as they flit quickly from flower to flower. Their flight is typically low to the ground and somewhat erratic. Males are territorial and can often be seen perching on leaves or flowers, waiting for females. After mating, females lay eggs on suitable host plants (including cherry, oak, and hawthorn trees) continuing the lifecycle. The Striped Hairstreak’s habits and lifecycle are closely tied to the availability of their host plants and the specific environmental conditions of their habitat, making them sensitive indicators of ecological health.
The Great Spangled Fritillary is a striking and relatively large butterfly, easily recognized by its vibrant orange wings adorned with black spots and silver markings on the underside. The lifecycle of the Great Spangled Fritillary begins with the laying of eggs by the female, typically in mid-summer. Females lay their eggs singly near, but not directly on, violets, the primary host plants for their larvae. This strategy helps ensure that when the larvae hatch, they have im
mediate access to their food source.
Great Spangled Fritillaries are active and agile flyers, often seen in meadows, gardens, and open woodlands. They feed on the nectar of various flowers, including milkweeds, thistles, and coneflowers, which provides them with the energy needed for flight and reproduction. Males patrol territories in search of females, engaging in courtship flights when they encounter potential mates.
The lifecycle of the Great Spangled Fritillary, from egg to adult, is intricately tied to the availability of violets and suitable habitats. Conservation of their habitats, particularly those that support the growth of violets, is crucial for the survival of this species. The presence of Great Spangled Fritillaries can indicate a healthy, biodiverse ecosystem, highlighting the importance of maintaining natural habitats to benefit this and other butterfly species.
The Silver-spotted Skipper is one of the most recognizable skippers in North America, known for its relatively large size and the dis-
Silver-spotted Skipper on Gray-headed Coneflower
tinctive white or silvery spot on the underside of its hindwings. The lifecycle of the silver-spotted skipper begins with the laying of eggs by the female butterfly. Females typically lay their eggs singly on the leaves of host plants such as locust trees, wisteria, and other members of the pea family. These eggs are small, spherical, and pale green, blending well with the foliage.
The newly emerged adult Silver-spotted Skipper is characterized by its brown wings with prominent white or silver spots and small orange patches near the base. The adults are strong fliers and are often seen darting swiftly in gardens, fields, and woodland edges. Adult silver-spotted skippers feed on the nectar of various flowers, including bergamot, dogbanes, clovers, and common milkweed. They prefer flowers with deep tubes, from which they extract nectar using their long proboscis. These butterflies are diurnal and are most active during sunny days. Males are territorial, often perching on tall plants or flying in search of females. After mating, females lay eggs, and the lifecycle begins anew.
Observing butterflies offers a window into the delicate balance of our ecosystems and underscores the importance of preserving their natural habitats. Each butterfly species, with its unique lifecycle and ecological role, contributes to the web of biodiversity. By protecting habitats, including meadows, wetlands, and woodlands, we preserve the host plants and nectar sources butterflies rely on and ensure that these important pollinating insects continue to thrive. Whether you’re an avid butterfly watcher or a casual observer, your efforts in conservation and mindful observation play a vital role in maintaining the health of our environment and the continuation of these beautiful and fascinating winged creatures. •
Striped Hairstreak Butterfly
Skipper on Wild Bergamot
our busy star
by carol higgins
Now that summer has officially arrived, we can look forward to warm temperatures, picnics, fun at the lake, fireflies magically blinking at night, and celebrating Independence Day on July 4th. Last month, we visited a few stellar nurseries where stars are forming. This month, we focus on our nearby star and some recent solar events that garnered worldwide attention.
Our Sun was the subject of many news stories this year, but two solar events stood out from all the others. The first was a total solar eclipse that marched across our country. It started in Texas and eventually zoomed across portions of New York state on April 8th. Although clouds interfered with a clear view of totality in several areas of the state, the eerie darkness that blanketed our region when the Moon blocked the mid-day sunlight was unforgettable.
The second major event occurred during the night of May 10-11, when auroras (also called Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis) were seen in every state in our country! Auroras are sometimes described as a magical light show, adorned with shimmering streamers and curtains of fluorescent greens, shades of red, white, and various pastel colors that constantly change and wave across the night sky. The country-wide sightings were extremely unusual because aurora are typically only seen in northern Canada, Alaska, and occasionally the states along the northern border. So what happened?
To understand this unique aurora event, we need to start at the place of origin – the Sun. At its center, nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms creates temperatures of 27 million degrees Fahrenheit. It takes about 170,000 years for the energy generated to reach the “surface” (or Photosphere), creating a plasma that resembles the glowing embers of a campfire in photos of the Sun. Temperatures there average about 10,000°F, although areas, where sunspots (dark regions) are found, are “only” about 6,500°F. The atmosphere has two layers, the Chromosphere and Corona, where temperatures can reach over 2 million degrees Fahrenheit!
Plasma is driven by magnetic forces that continually move it around. Some plasma follows magnetic loops that pull material up and back to the surface, while over a million tons can blast into space every second. Known as the Solar Wind, its influence extends into the outer edges of the solar system.
Intense X-Class Solar Flare on May 10, 2024
to low. Solar cycle record-keeping began in 1755, and records show one of the most powerful events occurred on September 1, 1859. Referred to as the Carrington Event, astronomer Richard Carrington saw an unusual white spot on the Sun and that night, people around the world witnessed a night sky painted with aurora so bright it turned night into day.
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are two types of significant solar events. Flares are explosions classified into categories B, C, M, and X. An X-class flare is the most powerful. CMEs are extremely powerful releases that send billions of tons of plasma into space. Their strength and impact usually depend on the phase of the current solar cycle and whether the plasma is directed at our planet.
Our star has an 11-year cycle where activity ranges from low to extreme and back
The May 10-11 aurora event was the result of a series of intense solar flares and CMEs that were directed toward Earth. Thankfully our magnetic field protected our planet, and the light show was spectacular. We are currently in the middle of solar cycle 25 which is expected to reach its peak activity in July 2025. So, keep your eyes on the skies at night. You may witness an amazing aurora, the moving and colorful evidence of the interaction between the Sun and Earth.
Wishing you clear skies! •
Hanny’s Voorwerp. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, W. Keel, Galaxy Zoo Team
American Landscapes from the New-York Historical Society
America’s awe-inspiring natural beauty is on display in Munson’s summer exhibition, American Landscapes from the New-York Historical Society, through Sept. 22, at the Museum of Art in Downtown Utica.
With over 53 works of art by 31 artists, American Landscapes from the New-York Historical Society, will be one of the largest displays of America’s landscape paintings ever shown in Utica.
The show will feature works by Thomas Cole, Asher Brown Durand, Frederick Church, Robert Duncanson, and Albert Bierstadt along with many others. In the early- to mid-1800s, the majestic vistas of New York State’s Hudson River Valley and adjacent areas, such as the Catskill, Adirondack, and White Mountains, inspired this remarkably talented group of American artists, who came to be known as the Hudson River School.
Cole and Durand were among the first American artists to paint the landscapes of this region and become associated with those of the Hudson River School, who drew inspiration from the contemplation and study of nature. Their efforts made landscape painting popular as a subject for generations of American painters. Like their literary counterparts Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper, these artists extolled the virtues of the American wilderness and the idea of living in harmonious balance with nature.
Hudson River School artists also journeyed beyond New York State to other regions noted for scenic beauty, such as New Hampshire, coastal New England, the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia as well as to Europe and South America. They created
Sparkling Diamond Engagement Rings & Bands
Photo: Mark DiOrio.
Photo: Mark DiOrio.
intricate, often idealized views that conveyed not only physical details but also mood and atmosphere.
Later reproduced in popular magazines and books, Hudson River School paintings, often depicting recognizable locations, influenced how Americans considered the landscape as part of the country’s cultural heritage. Many of the places revered by the Hudson River School artists are now national parks, state wilderness preserves, and historic sites. American Landscapes from the New-York Historical Society celebrates the Hudson River School artists and their depiction of the poetic beauty of nature and the American landscape.
American Landscapes from the New-York Historical Society is complemented by three additional exhibitions on view at Munson: Thomas Cole and American Landscape Painting; Views of New York: Wilderness and Waters; and Trenton Falls: Stilled Waters | Still Here. All four exhibitions explore the American landscape from a national, regional, and local perspective.
A wide range of Community Art classes are available this summer to allow adult artists to be inspired by American art, including Painting “En Plein Air” (Outside) and Studio Landscaping.
American Landscapes from the New-York Historical Society is sponsored by Gilroy Kernan & Gilroy; Andrew Britton and David Grey; Christian and Cheryl Heilmann; Elizabeth R. Lemieux, Ph.D.; Family of F. X. Matt II; Hon. Beverly Tobin (ret.), in memory of Edwin J. Tobin; Joseph A. Abraham; John Brown, Coldwell Banker Faith Properties; Ricky and Leiter Doolittle; MJ and Colleen Gaetano; Cheryl and Fred Haritatos; Lisa and John Mack; Jacque and Terry Tolles Fund of the Community Foundation of Herkimer and Oneida Counties; Melany and Chris Welch; Laura and Todd Wetzel M.D.; and I Love NY. Admission to the exhibition is free for Munson Members and $15 for the general public. Usual Museum discounts will be available for students, NARM and NY State museum members, SNAP, active duty military, and refugees.
Visit munson.art for more information. •
John Frederick Kensett (1816–1872), White Mountain Scenery, 1859. Oil on canvas. New-York Historical Society, The Robert L. Stuart Collection, the gift of his widow Mrs. Mary Stuart, S-194
july 2024 GALLERY GUIDE
Visual artist Shelley uses low relief wood-carved texture and acrylic paint to give life, movement, and interest to her work. Arkell Museum 2 Erie Blvd, Canajoharie, NY (518) 673-2314 arkellmuseum.org
July 12–August 16, 2024
Detail of Arkell Museum commissioned piece, HandDiggingtheErieCanal, by Mary Michael Shelley. This special exhibit focuses on New York State themes including agriculture, landscapes, lake views, and diners.
2024
July 27–September 7, 2024
Earlville Opera House 8 East Main Street, Earlville, NY (315) 691-3550 www.earlvilleoperahouse.com
10th Annual Just Add Water
July 17–August 24, 2024
Reception,
Kirkland Art Center
9½ E Park Row, Clinton, NY (315) 853-8871 • kacny.org
MarcHom:Re-Framed
Through September 2, 2024
Horn’s iconic portraits are presented as a traditional gallery retrospective and also in a wilder space—the outdoors. Wander through eleven-foot high spinning frames displayed against the backdrop of Otsego Lake.
Fenimore Art Museum
5798 Hwy 80, Cooperstown, NY (607) 547-1400 • fenimoreartmuseum.org
Nature’sArtistry:WoodSculptures andPaintings,SarahandMoeLalonde
July 2–July 31, 2024
Reception: Tues., July 9, 6–7:30pm
Kirkland Town Library 55 1/2 College Street, Clinton,
oneida county history center
Utica History Inspires Novelist
By ro hall
Suffering from writer’s block? Hopelessly lost in the tangles of your latest project? The author of The Third Mrs. Galway, Deirdre Sinnott, has experienced both. She advises to “Keep going; don’t give it up.”
Her novel is a story of slavery and salvation set in 1835, written over four years. The book takes a deep dive into the emotional and physical pain experienced by the pregnant Imari, and her nine-year-old son, Joe, who, having escaped slavery, are now hiding from slave catchers in a shed in the yard of wealthy Utica resident Augustin Galway. Discoverer of the frightened family, Galway’s young wife, Helen, struggles with how to respond.
At first willing to assist in only small ways - providing a quilt to keep off the chill, for example, she eventually becomes the most active of players in an attempt to help the two reconnect with Imari’s husband and to save all three from the slave-catchers attempting to block their path to freedom.
“All the characters are part of me,” said Sinnott, adding that, “despite some trepidation about a white woman getting into the heads of Black characters, I had African American writers and friends who gave me positive and creative feedback, which was helpful.”
New York State passed a Gradual Emancipation Act in 1799, which freed enslaved children born before July 4 of that year, followed by a ruling in 1817 stating that, beginning in 1827, all slaves born before 1799 would also be freed. As a result, the 1830 census recorded only 75 enslaved people living in the state. It is worth noting, however, that for a time, even after slavery was abolished, it remained legal in New York to return individuals who had fled bondage to their out-of-state “owners” - and to reap the financial rewards for doing so.
Utica was a tinderbox - home during this period to abolitionists of various stripes, including members of both the New York Anti-Slavery Society, who supported freedom and full American citizenship for the formerly enslaved, and the American Colonization Society, which also supported freedom, but then proposed shipping the formerly enslaved to Liberia in West Africa.
Objections to emigration were rife because most of the formerly enslaved had
Oneida County History Center volunteer
family histories in this country spanning hundreds of years and were already considered by their supporters to be Americans. Humanitarian concerns also played a role since so many of those sent to Africa failed to thrive due to issues ranging from an inhospitable climate to disease and starvation. The death rate for “returnees” hovered at 50 percent. Most, to whom resettlement was presented as an option, opposed the plan.
Besides members of the anti-slavery and colonization societies, the city’s population included individuals who opposed slavery but were unaffiliated with any organization, along with those who were not opposed to slavery and favored returning the captured to their former “owners.”
Some of those who didn’t oppose slavery may have subscribed to the theory of Drapetomania, invented by Louisiana’s Dr. Samuel W. Cartwright and described by him as “the disease-causing negroes to run away.” Cartwright saw the impulse to flee as a “disease of the mind,” which could, however, be remedied with “proper medical advice.”
A long-time civil rights activist concerned over how society has frequently treated minority groups, Sinnott dedicated The Third Mrs. Galway to the “fighters for justicepast, present, and future.”
“Everyone knew about the Underground Railroad,” she said, “but we weren’t aware of its role in Utica. ... I learned and was affected by how pervasive prejudice was ... with institutions resisting efforts to change. When I lived in Clinton,” - she and her family having moved there from Utica in 1972 -, “our house had all these hidden closets upstairs, and I asked my mother if the closets might have been part of the Underground Railroad. I was serious, but she said no, that the house had been built in 1900!” But once Sinnott had educated herself about slavery in New York State and Oneida County, she knew she wanted to write about it.
A graduate of Clinton High School, she earned a bachelor’s degree in theater and drama from Syracuse University, and, while working as a stage manager for Syracuse Stage, received her Actors’ Equity card. She is presently living in New York City with her husband.
In keeping with her fascination for the past, Sinnott is currently working on another historical novel, “The Loyalist’s Wife”. Set in 1777 in a location east of Utica somewhere between Schenectady and Schoharie, the narrative centers on a family loyal to Britain during the years of the American Revolution.
“I am drawn toward history, and love doing research,” she explained. Helping her along as she continues writing about the past has been the Oneida County History Center in Utica, which has made its impressive collections available to her and the general public.
“The History Center,” Sinnott explains, “has a full collection of Utica City Directories (1817-2000) and I’ve used them constantly.” While researching for TheThirdMrs.Galway she discovered that African Americans are designated by race in some of the directories.
“The History Center has many books on city and county history, so sometimes you’ll find people you are interested in and have been searching for in there,” she said. “They also have extensive catalogs set up on the computer, and newspapers from the 1830s-1840s period. The staff has been invaluable in encouraging my research. They’ve even found historical photos for me!” The Utica Public Library provided additional help enabling her to access the microfilm of the “Oneida Whig,” a newspaper published in Utica between 1834 and 1853.
Sinnott said she loves writing historical fiction and that her idea of a near-perfect day is to make herself a large pot of tea and spend the hours researching and writing.
TALES FROM SHAWANGUNK
by Peggy Spencer Behrendt
In 1974, Tim and Peggy Spencer Behrendt set off on an adventure. They began a new life in the woods of Cold Brook, NY, without modern conveniences like electricity or indoor plumbing. These are excerpts and reflections from Peggy’s journal chronicling their adventures and also her childhood memories growing up in Westmoreland.
Our phone rings. I pick it up, but no one is there. “Tim,” I yell outside, “Sylvia’s calling you!” “Ok, I’m coming,” he replies. A few minutes later it rings again, I answer. Sylvia cheerily greets me and asks for Tim. Meanwhile, she tells me about a poem or a song she’s been working on. We don’t know why she always rings twice. Tim is her friend and minister; she lives alone and he’s a good listener. She has had an interesting life. She was born in Russia in a Jewish family that barely managed to emigrate to escape the pogroms in the early 20th Century.
Sylvia is passionate about the protection and purity of children and believes that we need to listen to and emulate their innocent consciousness to achieve peace in the world.
“And a little child shall lead them…” She and her husband ran a summer camp for children for many, many years in our area that focused on music, arts, and healthy outdoor activities. I’m sorry I didn’t interview her more deeply before she died to learn more details of her interesting and dramatic life experiences, but I remember that she once told me that the
old cowboy ballad, “Red River Valley” was originally called the “Bright Mohawk Valley.” I found verification recently from another source so it’s likely true. James Kerrigan is regarded as having written the original tune in 1896 about the Mohawk Valley, but the name changed and was adapted as people moved westward.
A profound concept Tim gleaned from her is the theme of an interesting short story he wrote based on her life called The Pink Dress, which is part fact, part fiction. Throughout much of her youth, Sylvia’s clothes were minimal and nothing special, but one day she got a much dreamed-for beautiful pink dress. This was a precious treasure that made her happy just to know it was there, and she only wore it on very special occasions.
Much later, she and her husband could afford many nice clothes, but none could ever measure up to the value and elation that one pink dress meant to her.
Tim distilled the essence of the message of Sylvia’s story; thus, “Enough plus More equals Loss of Meaning.” E + M = LM.
illustrations in
Peg’s
Tim’s book, The Pink Dress
What is enough for one person may not be enough for another, so this equation relies on many situational factors. For instance, three and a half acres would be a lot in an urban area, but it wasn’t enough for our home in the woods, because we felt susceptible to stray bullets from hunting in the surrounding forest. We also wanted the independence of having access to enough dead wood to heat our home. Later, we purchased some adjacent plots specifically to protect water sources. This land particularly helps protect wildlife and ecosystems which also benefit humanity and the health of our planet. All have been minimally impacted to the best of our ability while creating access for visitors who want to experience and enjoy pure nature.
Making trails to provide public access to our woods is not an easy task. Our forest is much Ike our universe, a dichotomy of serenity and chaos; of charming, but difficult environments. All of it is a beautiful miracle. Some areas have vast green carpets of lush, moist, sphagnum moss several inches deep. Our feet leave rude impressions if we walk through it, so we don’t put trails here. Instead, we look for drier areas where we can more harmlessly wend our way up, down, and around depressions and hillocks created by the trunks of fallen trees in various stages of decay.
Sprinkled along these are pretty little patches of wildflowers and berries - white bunch berries, red partridge berries, blue berries, gold thread, hobblebush… Sometimes we come across a big patch of wintergreen – tiny leaflets and white berries smaller than the head of a pencil, carpeting ancient tree stumps. We pick a few leaves to munch on reminding me of the wintergreen Lifesaver candies we bought years ago for five cents. We can tell by hoof prints, scat, and patches of digging that deer, porcupines, and rabbits have used our trail too, or more accurately, ours has merged with theirs.
There are huge areas of blow-down that must be circumnavigated, fallen trees from
some wind-burst, crisscrossed like a giant game of pick-up sticks. The only safe way to get across it is to fly like a bird, or scamper from trunk to trunk like a squirrel. We owe much to our volunteer trailblazers Rebekah and Gael Audic who’ve had the vision and energy to develop and maintain our lovely trails that meander around such inaccessible areas with minimal impact. Some of them pass through majestic groves of ancient trees, some allow lovely views of the mostly inaccessible Black Creek. Other trails allow us to get intimately close to huge beaver ponds and lodges with comfortable benches to rest on and meditate in the oxygen-laden air, ambiance of bird songs, rustling of leaves, and buzz of winged insects. (We recommend
Blown down trees like this occur throughout our forest
wearing a hat and veil with long pants and a long-sleeved shirt.)
Scrimping in our lifestyle so we could buy this land meant that we couldn’t afford to accumulate much in the way of extraneous things. Having a one, then a two-room cottage with limited storage space available has been another factor, but simplicity has always been a direction we’ve aspired to move in.
Gleaning our possessions to only those that are useful and bring us meaning is a constant goal. Accumulation is tempting, fun, and easy in our world today. It’s important to have enough and there’s a delicate balance between hoarding and fanatic purging.
In the preface to his book, The Pink Dress Tim writes, “Let us take good care of what we have, be discreet about what we accumulate, and when it is no longer used, enjoyed, or is broken, recycle it in the many environmentally friendly ways we now have available to us.” •
Sunday,
217
Bring
hour enjoying
music from a trio of harpists playing tunes from classical to
No reservation is needed.
