E-Portfolio: Passive voice, conditionals, reported speech, Modal verbs, and Past perfect. MĂłnica MarĂn Aguero Grammar 3
Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnologia (ULACIT)
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Passive voice Activity
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Conditionals Activity
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Reported speech Activity
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Modal verbs Activity
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Past perfect Activity
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Reflection References Thanks
Explanation: In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
Verb tense
Structure
Present Simple
Subject + is/are + P.P
Past Simple
Subject + was/were + P.P
Present progressive
Subject + is/are + being + P.P
Past progressive
Subject + was/were + being + P.P
Future
Subject + will be + P.P
Present perfect
Subject + have/has + been + P.P
Past perfect
Subject + had + been + P.P
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action] Examples: -A movie is being watched. -She will be loved. -The games was played. -Gravity was found by Isaac Newton.
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True or false
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1. When the actor in the situation is NOT important we don’t use the P. V. T/ F
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2. In the Active Voice the object is the one who does the action. T/F
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3. In the Passive Voice the subject receives the action. T/F
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4. The Passive Voice is focus on the object. T/F
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5. The Active voice is focus on the agent. T/F
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6. In the Active Voice the thing receiving the action is the subject. T/F
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7. The P. V is NOT helpful in scientific or technical writing, or lab reports. T/F
• 8. The structure of the passive tense is [Thing doing action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing receiving action]. T/F
Explanation: Sometimes we call them 'if clauses'. They describe the result of something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have happened but didn't (in the past) . They are made using different English verb tenses.
Examples: -If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. -If it rains, I won't go to the park. -If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. -If she had studied, she would have passed the exam. -If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick .
Conditional
Use
Structure
Zero conditional
It is used when the result will always happen.
If + present simple , .... present simple.
First conditional
To talk about things which might happen in the future.
if + present simple , ... will + infinitive
Second conditional
We can use it to talk about things in the future that are proba bly not going to be true.
if + past simple, ... would + infinitive
Third conditional
It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.
if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle.
1. We use the second conditional to talk about something that is always going to happen. ¿True or false? 2. if + past simple, ...would + infinitive. ¿Is that the structure of the third conditional? ¿Yes or no? 3. Complete that sentence using the first conditional. If it (rain), I (go/NEGATIVE) to your house. 4. This is a sentence using the third conditional. If we had take a taxi, we wouldn't have miss the plane. Is something wrong? ¿Yes or ¿no? 5. Mention all the types of conditionals that we saw today. 6. Mention the structure of the zero conditional. 7. Make a sentence using the structure of The second conditional 8. Tell me for what situations we use the third conditional.
Explanation: We use reported speech when we wan t to repeat what someone had previous ly said. In reported speech we need to use the past tense form of the verb. In direct speech the present tense is used.
Examples: -Sam: Hi, I’m sorry I couldn’t come yesterday. My mom was sick. -Lizzie: Don't worry about it. -Dani: Hey, Lizzie. What did Sam say about yesterday? -Lizzie: She told me that her mom was sick.
Tense
Becomes
Reported Speech
Past simple
She said that she ate ice cream.
Past continuous
She said that she was working out.
Past simple
Past simple or Past perfect
She said that she had been in an accident before
Past continuous
Past perfect contin uous
She said that she had been cooking for him.
Present simple Present continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
Past perfect
Past perfect
She said that she hadn't watched the movie yet. She said that she hadn’t spoken Spanish before.
Covert this sentences in a reported speech structure. -I don’t remember what I said yesterday.
-I really like you.
-We can’t be friends anymore.
-I want to break up.
-My mom was sick, sorry.
-Do you want to go out?
Explanation: We use modal verbs to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible (or not). We also use modals to do things like talking about ability, asking permission making requests and offers, and so on. Modals are different from normal ver bs: 1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular. 2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?'). 3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to'). Past modals: These past modal verbs are all used hypothetically, to talk about things that didn't really happen in the past or to make suggestions about the past. Structure: modal + have + past participle
Type
Modals
Probability
must / might / could / may / can't
Ability
Can/ could/ will
Obligation and advice
must
Permission
Can/ could/ may
Habits
Will/ would
Examples: -He had to present a final project yesterday. He must have been very nervous. -He asked her to marry him. They must be in love. -Sam drunk a lot yesterday. He might be sick. -I can’t move on.
1. Associate
a) He fell on the ground.
( ) She must be tired.
b) She is going on a date.
( ) He might be hurt.
c) Max and Julie broke up yesterday.
( ) She should be really excited.
d) My mother will go to New York next year.
( ) She might be nervous.
e) Laura had traveled for five hours.
( ) She could be sick.
f) Alice won’t go.
( ) They must be feeling really sad.
Uses: Completed Action Before Something in the Past: The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs): With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.
Examples: -You had studied English before you moved to New York. -Had you studied English before you moved to New York? -You had not studied English before you moved to New York. -I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. -I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
Complete blanks 1. I had ______ (buy) the tickets before I _____ (go) to Italy.
2. She had ____________ (already/run) five kilometers when she got home.
3. He went to my house after he had _______ (broke) up with his girlfriend.
4. She _________ (ride NOT) a horse before.
5. I ______ (meet) my husband after I had ________ (travel) around the world.
To sum up, I think that thanks to this course, now I’m able to understand and use more grammar structures. I decided to pick these topics because they are like my favorite ones and I really enjoyed when we saw them in class. Also, I think that we had already seen all these grammar structures in grammar 2, but this course was like a second chance to review them, and to improve our grammar skills. I noticed that I was failing a little bit in some verb tenses so I did some exercises online (the ones that are in the web sites that I put in references). Finally, I think that thanks to this course I have became a better teacher because it was really helpful all the presentations that we did.
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http://www.englishpage.com http://www.curso-ingles.com http://www.ef.com.es https://www.ego4u.com http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu