• Types of volcanoes. • What’s a volcano. • Expect for more.
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What is a volcano? Parts of a volcano Types of volcanoes Forms of volcanoes Famous volcanoes What causes an volcanic eruption? What do if a volcano erupt? Types of volcanic eruptions
What is a volcano? A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface
Parts of a volcano Magma - Molten rock beneath Earth's surface. Parasitic Cone - A small cone-shaped volcano formed by an accumulation of volcanic debris. Sill - A flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a crack in a volcano. Vent - An opening in Earth's surface through which volcanic materials escape. Flank - The side of a volcano.
Lava - Molten rock that erupts from a volcano that solidifies as it cools.
Crater - Mouth of a volcano - surrounds a volcanic vent. Conduit - An underground passage magma travels through. Summit - Highest point; apex Throat - Entrance of a volcano. The part of the conduit that ejects lava and volcanic ash.
Ash - Fragments of lava or rock smaller than 2 mm in size that are blasted into the air by volcanic explosions. Ash Cloud - A cloud of ash formed by volcanic explosions.
Types of volcanoes There are 3 different types of volcanoes: Active - eruptions can be anytime and often. Dormant - has been a while since it has erupted, but could at anytime. Extinct, meaning it hasn't erupted in a very long, long time so it probably won't ever again.
Forms of volcanoes There are three forms of volcanoes Shield Volcano - flat If the magma is runny, the gas can escape easily and there will not be an explosion. The magma just comes out of the mountain and flows down the sides. Shield volcanoes are shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle with long gentle slopes made by the lava flows.
Composite Volcano - tall and thin If the magma is thick and sticky (like honey), the gas cannot escape, so it builds up and up until it explodes sending out huge clouds of burning rock and gas. Composite volcanoes are steep-sided volcanoes composed of many layers of volcanic rocks, usually made from thick sticky lava, ash and rock debris (broken pieces). Composite volcanoes are also known as strato-volcanoes. Cinder cones Cinder cones are circular or oval cones built from erupting lava that breaks into small pieces as it shoots into the air. As small pieces fall back to the ground, they cool and form cinders around the vent.
Famous volcanoes 10.Cotopaxi, Ecuador his is one of the most extreme volcanoes in the world. it is found in the parts of Andes mountain and the Pacific Ring of Fire. So far over 85 eruptions have been recorded and the volcano remains active all the time. It was first discovered in 1744 the time when its first eruption was noticed, followed by the eruptions of 1768 and 1877. 9. Mount Etna, Italy Mount Etna is one of the tallest active volcanoes of Europe. Its elevation is 3,229 meters about, and it is situated on the east coasts of Sicily. It is Decade Volcano, chosen by the United Nations. It is a clear indication that the volcano remains active all the time. 8. PopocatĂŠpetl, Central Mexico This volcano is situated in Central Mexico. It is said that PopocatĂŠpetl is 720,000 years old. It is frequently active and its first eruption was recorded in 1991. The elevation of the volcano is 5,426 meters. 7. Krakatoa (Krakatau), Indonesia Krakatoa (also spelled Krakatau) is hundreds of years old, but its eruption was recorded in 1883 for the first time. This volcano can be heard in the Indonesian island as well as Australia. During 1883, its eruption destroyed the whole island.
6. Mount Mayon, Philippines Mount Mayon is known for its symmetrical conical shape (known as Perfect Cone). This volcano is situated on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It first erupted on June 23, 1897. 5. Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Mount Pinatubo is situated in the CabusilanMountains of the island of Luzon. The last this volcano caused eruption was in 1991 that was so severed that it destroyed a lot of houses in the surrounding areas. It erupted about 2.4 m3 magma. 4. Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland Eyjafjallajökull has a tongue twist. It is actually a small ice caps around Iceland. The world Eyjafjallajökull means ‘Island mountain glacier’ of Icelandic. The height of the mountain is about 1600 meters, and its crater is 2.5 miles in diameter. 3. Mount Fuji, Japan Mount Fuji is one of the most famous volcanoes in the world. it is situated Tokyo. For the last time, its eruption was recorded in January 1708. The height of the mountain is about 11,000 feet. 2. Mount St. Helens Volcano, Washington Mount St. Helens Volcano caused a severe eruption in 1980. It is said to be one of the worst eruptions in the history of USA. Another eruption of the history was recorded on May 18, 1980, showing 5.1 on the Richter scale. 1. Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Kilauea Volcano is an extreme volcano of Hawaii. It is lying in the southeast parts of USA. Much of its part lies underwater. The volcano is surrounded by 4 volcanoes (Mauna Loa being is one of them), which make a complete island when join together.
Volcanic eruption
What do if a volcano erupt ? • Evacuate only as recommended by authorities to stay clear of lava, mud flows, and flying rocks and debris. • Avoid river areas and low-lying regions.
• Before you leave the house, change into long-sleeved shirts and long pants and use goggles or eyeglasses, not contacts. Wear an emergency mask or hold a damp cloth over your face. • If you are not evacuating, close windows and doors and block chimneys and other vents, to prevent ash from coming into the house. • Be aware that ash may put excess weight on your roof and need to be swept away. Wear protection during cleanups. • Ash can damage engines and metal parts, so avoid driving. If you must drive, stay below 35 miles (56 kilometers) an hour.
•Types of volcanic eruptions The temperature, composition, viscosity and elements disueltos in the magma are the factors that determine the type of eruption and the quantity of volatile products that accompany her. •Hawaiian: In this type of eruption, the lava, generally it is fluid enough, there do not happen gaseous explosive detachments; this lava overflows when they exceed the crater and slip with facility for the hillside of the volcano, forming(training) real currents that cross big distances. For this reason, the volcanoes of Hawaiian type are of soft earring(slope). The most famous Hawaiian volcano is the Kilauea. •Estromboliana or mixed: This type of eruption receives the name of the Estrómboli, volcano of the islands Eolias (sea Tirreno), to the north of Sicily. It originates when there is alternation of the materials in eruption, there being formed(trained) a cone stratified in caps of fluid lava and solid materials. The lava is fluid, detaches abundant and violent gases with projections of drosses, bombs and lapilli. Due to the fact that the gases can become detached with facility, pulverizations or ashes do not take place(are not produced). When the lava overflows for the edges of the crater, it(he,she) descends for his(her,your) hillsides and ravines, but it does not reach big extensions as(like) in the eruptions of Hawaiian type. Vulcaniana: The name of the volcano Vulcano in the islands Lipari. This eruption is characterized because in her big quantities of gases become detached, the liberated lava is slightly fluid and is consolidated by rapidity. In this type of eruption, the explosions are very strong and pulverize the lava, producing many ash, this one is thrown(launched) to the air accompanied of other fragmentary materials. When the magma goes out on the outside in the shape of lava it hardens rapidly, but the gases that become detached break and crack his surface, volivéndola rough(harsh) and very irregular, formándo lava of type Aa. The cones of these volcanoes are of very sloping slope.
•Plebian or vesubin: Named this way in honor to Plinio Young, it differs from the eruption vulcaniana in that in this one the pressure of the gases Forma ardent clouds that on having cooled, generate rainfalls of ashes, which can manage to bury cities since(as, like) Vesuvius happened with Pompeii and Herculano for the activity of the volcano. It is characterized for alternating eruptions of piroclasto with eruptions of washes lavics, giving place to an overlapping in strata, which does that this type of volcanoes reach big dimensions. Other volcanoes of type plebian are the Teide, the Popocatépetl and el Fujiyama. Peleana: The lava in this eruption is extremely viscous and is consolidated by great rapidity, managing to cover completely the crater forming(training) a python or needle; the enormous pressure of the gases without exit, provokes an enormous explosion that raises the python, or, destroys the top part of the hillside. This way it happened on May 8, 1902, when the walls of the volcano yielded to so enormous push that opened itself a conduit for which there went out with extraordinary force the gases accumulated to high temperature and which, mixed with ashes, they formed(trained) an ardent cloud that it caused 28.000 victims. •Submarine Eruptions: In the oceanic bed there take place(are produced) volcanic eruptions which lava can form(train) volcanic islands if they come to the surface. The eruptions are in the habit of being of short duration in most cases, due to the isocratic balance of the lava on having cooled when they enter in touch with the water and also for the marine erosion. Some islands like the Cícladas in Greece and The Iron in Spain have this origin.
•Freatomagmáticas or surtseyana: The volcanoes of type fretmagmatic are in shallow waters, present a lake inside his crater and in occasions they form(train) atolls. His explosions are extraordinarily violent since to the own(proper) energy of the volcano the expansion of the water steam adds suddenly warmed. Normally they present emission(issues) lávicas not even rock extrusions. Some of the major phreatic explosions are those of the Krakatoa, the Kilauea and Surtsey's Eruptions figureless: They originate Island. in a long dislocation of the terrestrial bark, which can be from scarcely a few meters up to several kilometers. The lava that flows along the break is fluid and crosses big extensions forming(training) wide plateaus, with 1 or more kilometers of thickness and thousands of km ². An example of volcanism fissure is the plateau of the Decán in the India
•Avalanches of volcanic origin: (Armourer) .Hay volcanoes that generate a high number of victims, due to the fact that his big craters are during the period of rest turned into lakes or cutlery of snow. On having recovered his activity, the water mixed with ashes and other remains, it is thrown(launched) forming(training) torrents and avalanches of mud that have an enormous destructive capacity. An example of this was the eruption of Ruiz's Snow-capped mountain in Colombia, on November 13, 1985. The Snow-capped mountain of the Ruiz is an explosive volcano in which the summit of the crater (5000msnm) was covered by a cap of ice; on having promoted the lava the caps of ice became overheated and there were formed(trained) a few washes of mud that invaded the valley of the river Lagunilla, burying the city of Armourer, leaving 24000 dead men and dozens of thousands of injured men.