Meldia Sharpe, Akaya Lokas, Alex Granfield, Sam Ross, Artur Wolniak Including a reader’s opinion on the changes!
Table of contents o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
SUMISSION OF THE MONTH 1920’S FILMS THE JAZZ AGE AND HARLEM RENAISSANCE HOW FAR DATING HAS COME IMPACT OF NEW COMMUNICATION IMPACT OF SPORTS POST –WAR ISOLATIONISM 18TH AMMENDMENT IMMIGRATION TENSIONS SCOPES TRAIL QUEEN OF AIR LABOR UNION AND STIRKES IN THE 1920’s HENRY FORD AND THE ASSEMBLY LINE ADVERTISING
Submission of the Month! Dear America Tomorrow, Since the turn of the century my home has been filled with many shiny new things. My daughter and her family live with us, and boy do they ‘consume’. Much more than I ever expected them too! Her husband works hard at his modest job and she does a little work herself while the two children are at school. Much of that money goes towards things like new clothes, a refrigerator full of new packaged foods, the latest and greatest sewing machines, and wow oh wow is the new moving picture box spiffy! I still prefer radio. -Lauren Jobs(aged 73 years) This is a firsthand account of how consumerism has affected American lives. Since bigger and better inventions have become cheaper, are being made more efficiently, and instalment or credit buying have come into play even the older generations are noticing. Welcome to the newly emerged America, where we buy to stay on top.
-Meldia
1920’s Films The impact of film is pretty big for the U.S. Sophisticated film makers like Warner Brothers, Walt Disney, and 20th Century have created films and movie stars which are recognizable everywhere in our country. For example, Charlie Chaplin, silent film actor, comic, director, and writer. Who doesn’t remember “The Tramp”, one of his most famous roles. Another name recognized across the country is Mickey Mouse, the first Walt Disney carton, everybody in the U.S.A loves him. The big news in 1927 was the production of Jazz singers. It changed the industry’s perception of talking pictures, being the first movie ever filmed completely with sound. Artur
The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance Jazz age was a period of time during the 1920s in which Jazz music and dance became very popular. In 1925, the Jazz age was going strong, with Harlem being the place to be for all things jazz related. But jazz music didn’t start in Harlem. It actually originated from New Orleans. The music combined styles from African American, religious, brass, and blues, along with a syncopated rhythm and an improvisational style. It was played in New Orleans’ clubs but eventually jazz musicians left the city, going to new places such as Memphis, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, and eventually New York City and Harlem. This increasing popularity of jazz was helped by something called the Harlem Renaissance. This era brought out much African American culture, not just in music, but in art and literature too. Writers and artists would often create things about how African Americans have been treated. Poet Langston Hughes was one of the biggest leaders of the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes’ work tended to be “authentic” American art forms. Along with night clubs in the city playing jazz music all night long, this made Harlem the place to be. Alex
How Far Dating has Come In the past ten years lovely magazines such as this have been spreading trends to many women across America. With all this free time on their hands, reading material was and is still in demand. Tabloids became quite the trend, even if they are nearly all untrue. All the new styles of the world are now able to spill into the homes of Americans and women seem to take a large interest. While the older generation seems to be almost unaffected by these new little things, young women are changing and have changed in ways no one could have foreseen at the start of this century.
The flapper is one kind of lady we simply cannot forget to mention. The fabulous young adult who can not only be caught wearing a short skirt but can also be spotted kissing, drinking, applying makeup, and even driving!!! With all the ‘struggle buggies’ and short clothing, no wonder their mothers are mourning. They even date! Liquor is so very popular on dates now-a-days and with no parent nearby, our younger generation is finding plenty of ways to spend their time. The automobile is a vital part of the Teen-age life now, they make dates unrestricted and the ability to be alone anywhere in the world a possibility. Sexual experimentation before marriage is becoming an increasing fad. Also unlike the older crowd dancing and music has changed. Now a crazy upbeat swing has invaded the dance floor. New black musicians are very famous, and who doesn’t love those crazy beats? Unlike the calming classical melodies of our past generation, jazz is the choice of the day. With all this new culture, it was very clear that the social divide between young and old is growing and will probably stay this way.
Impact of new communication Radio is the new thing of communication in the 1920s. Radio was easy to set up; all you had to do is plug it in to the wall socket. And once you had a radio, you would be in touch with the continent. Sports, news, comity talk, and music are all played on radios. In 1924 Television was invented in Scotland by John Logie Baird. Television had sound AND video. People used it for broadcasting advertisements, games, and many different entertaining shows. Sam R
1920’s Sports Wrap-Up Baseball’s First Super Star George Herman Ruth (known by most fans as “Babe” Ruth) shocked us all in 1927 when he broke the baseball record of homeruns in one season with an amazing 60 homers. But who else than Babe to break it? Trading Ruth from the Boston Red Sox to New York Yankees on January 3, 1920 probably wasn’t the smartest thing manger of the Red Sox, Ed Barrow, has ever done. In six seasons Ruth helped his team win 89-46 with his unmistakable swing, when asked about his tactic Babe said: “I swing as hard as I can, and I try to swing with everything I got. I hit big or miss big.” We wait anxiously for more from Babe. English Channel Record Broken By Woman 19 year old Gertrude Ederle was the first woman to swim all 21 miles of the English Channel, and with the impressive time of 14 hours and 31 minutes she was 2 hours faster than the previous men’s record! Born in 1906 to German immigrants, Ederle did not learn how to swim until she was nine and did not known the proper form in the water until she was fifteen years old. Two years later, she won a gold medal in the 4 x 100 meter relay and a bronze in the 100- and 400-meter freestyle races at the 1924 Paris Olympics. On August 6, 1926 Ederle made her second attempt to swim the Channel, having to stop the first time because of the fear that she had swallowed to much sea salt water. Ederle’s father and sister rode along in the boat with her coach, her father promised her a new roadster at the end of the swim. To add encouragement he would call out to her in the water saying the roadster was hers only if she finished the swim. Finally, at 9:04 p.m., Ederle finished; becoming the sixth person and first woman to swim the Channel successfully. Expect more records from this amazing young swimmer. Akaya
Sports (Continued) “The Battle of the Ages” September 22, 1927 at Chicago’s Soldiers’ Field was the most anticipated prize fight of the year. Earlier in the year the cocky, undefeated champion Jack Dempsey faced James Joseph “Gene” Tunney. Perhaps feeling a little too cocky, Dempsey did not realize just how good Tunney was and, shockingly to many fans, was defeated. When Dempsey’s wife, actress Estelle Taylor asked what happened he replied, “Honey, I forgot to duck.” At Chicago’s Soldiers’ Field, the two meet again for a rematch; full of adrenaline and revenge Dempsey knocked Tunney in the first couple of minutes. When Tunney tried to get back up Dempsey said, “Get up and I’ll just knock you back down.” Dempsey won the fight. “Galloping Ghost” Harold Edward “Red” Grange, nicknamed “Galloping Ghost, became the man to watch after his victory on the University of Illinois football team, Chicago Bears, against the Michigan team in 1924. In his first four times carrying the ball Grange got touchdown runs of 95, 67, 55, and 45 yards. After taking off his college jersey, Grange went to play pro for the New York Yankees. But his professional football career was short, Grange became a millionaire in just three years and retired from football. “Little Miss Poker Face” Helen Wills is most known for being cool, aloof, expressionless, and efficient on the tennis court. Wills won National Championship in 1923 at a mere 17 years old, making her the youngest champion. The next year Wills won two Olympic gold medals. From 1927 to the end of the decade Wills has not lost a match. We wait anxiously to see what the 30’s bring Akaya
Post-War Isolationism After the Great War, the United States wanted to stay out of international affairs. The U.S. was going to enter an era of isolationism. This was where the U.S. would try to avoid foreign affairs, particularly with Europe. It was also known as a “return to normalcy,” said by President Warren Harding. Americans supported isolationism. After seeing the horrors of the Great War, they wanted to prevent something like that from happening again. The roots of the age of isolationism came from the United States refusing to join the League of Nations. Americans wanted to stay out of the affairs of the League so much that the Senate didn’t even open letters from it. Yet even though Americans supported isolationism, they yearned for world peace as well. President Harding then decided to invite representatives from Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan to Washington D.C. to talk about naval disbarment. In 1928, the U.S. along with many other countries signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact, which outlawed war between these countries. Even so, the pact did permit defensive wars. Isolationism also affected U.S. foreign policy. Presidents Harding and Coolidge worked to get U.S. troops out of Latin American countries. But after Coolidge got all of the marines in Nicaragua out of there, he sent them back two years later to counter a revolution. Alex
18th Amendment The United States government attempted to make things better by passing the 18th Amendment. 18th Amendment prohibited the production, transportation, and sale of alcohol. However it was still legal to drink alcohol. But this only made things worse. The government made things worse by passing the 18th Amendment. In the picture shown it shows that gangsters, racketeers, bootleggers, and dope sellers were very happy with the prohibition. They all went crazy. Other people got lots of depression because the United States all of a sudden has a bunch of thief’s roaming around. So that brings the government to pass the 21st Amendment on December 5, 1933. The 21st Amendment was the first amendment to repeal a previous Amendment. Sam Ross
Immigration Tensions of the 1920’s
Immigration Act of 1924 In 1924 an immigration act was passed to limit the number of immigrants that could enter the United States. Before the Act was passed literary tests were made to make it hard to enter the country, but that didn’t work as well as expected. So Republican Senator from Vermont, William P. Dillingham, introduced immigration quotas, the quotas were set so that only 3% of the entire foreign born population could enter the United States. This set the number of visas to 350,000. In 1924 Congress decided to adjust the quotas, the existing quota was changed from three to two percent of the foreign born population, and the calculations came from the 1890 census. Maybe by the end of the 1930’s we won’t even have immigrants!
Akaya Lokas
Immigration (Continued)
Sacco and Vanzetti At 3 o’clock on April 15, 1920 a paymaster and his guard were shot and killed by two men carrying 2 boxes of payroll from the shoe factory Slater and Morrill at a sum of $15,776.51, a car was seen pulling in and the men threw in the boxes and jumped in. Italian-Americans Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were convicted for this robbery and murder and were put on trial May 21, 1921. Both spoke very poor English and they brought their own interpreter. There was a mass of conflicting evidence; some witness said that they were positive that they saw the two men, some did not know for sure if Sacco and Vanzetti were the same men the saw, others gave alibies for the defendants that placed them nowhere close to the scene. Still, since both were known as radicals, with a prejudice judge, and the jury against them; both men were sentenced to death. Akaya
Suffrage for Women! The Impact on These Past Ten Years At the start of our century was the very first election in which women could finally vote. The war over this right began before the Civil war, and raged on until the moment the 19th amendment was signed in. The action did more than just let them vote! Because of this amendment women can now serve on juries, run for public office, and of course vote.
When the amendment was put in place many people still thought that a woman’s place was in the kitchen, in the bedroom, or with the babies. This image has begun to fade away and colleges now accept women much more that they did in the days before! Options for the american woman’s life are plentiful now, even if full equality hasn’t been reached in the workplace. As the opterninities expande, some certainly didn’t like one place women could now sit. On a jury, women were much more likely to give harsh prison sentences and much less likely to accpet the plea of self defence as an excuse for killing someone. A ban went into place to keep women off of juries,but has since been eliminated. Women still have a long way to come in the world, but thankfully they’re off to a start!
Scopes Monkey Trial
Today ended the trail between John Scopes and State of Tennessee. Scopes, a high school teacher, taught human evolution in his class; in this way he broke the Butler Act
The trial attracted intense national publicity after big-name lawyers agreed to represent each side. William Jennings Bryan represented the State of Tennessee and Clarence Darrow spoke for Scopes. The jury only needed eight minutes to find Scopes guilty for violating the law and fined him $100.
Artur
Queen of Air Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. On May 20 she set off from Newfoundland to fly over the Atlantic and landed in the village Culmore of Londonderry in Northern Ireland. Of course it isn’t the first record of our Queen of Air, she was also the first woman to fly solo across North America and back; setting the world altitude record of 18,415 feet. Amelia is the symbol of American aviation, she showed the world that women can.
Artur
Labor Unions and Strike in the 1920s
People’s views on labor unions were drastically changing in the 1920s. Before, labor unions were strongly valued, as they were a critical help in winning the Great War. However, by late 1920, the American labor movement was thought of as anti- American, demanding, and putting its goals ahead of our general welfare. But what could cause such a change? A main cause of this is employers wouldn’t negotiate higher wages for workers. After the Great War, prices of goods were raising, so people needed more money, money that employers couldn’t pay their workers. This caused many “general strikes”, in which many people would strike for a certain period of time. One of the first general strikes was the 1919 Seattle General Strike. The strike originally started with shipyard workers striking for higher wages due to post war prices. But after two weeks, on February 6th, more Seattle workers went on strike. This completely paralyzed the city’s business, and very little work was being done. Newspapers thought chaos would arise and that this was a communist threat, creating the “Red Scare”. Labor Unions tried to stop the strike, but the General Strike Committee won by maintaining order and creating a new form of labor protest.
Alex
Henry Ford and the assembly line
Henry Ford (born July 30, 1863) was known for tinkering with machines when he was a child, when he was older he worked part-time at Westinghouse Engine Company. In 1903 Henry incorporated Ford Motor Company, and came out with, a car we all well know, Model T in October 1908. Model T was sold at a mere $950 and 15,500,000 were sold, changing American society as we know it. Ford was able to pay his workers $5 a day, double the usually wage, due to using new production techniques that completed the chassis of the car in 93 minutes which demolished the earlier 728 minutes it took to finish. Those techniques became known as the assembly line, introduced by none other than Henry Ford on December 1, 1913. The assembly line was divide in 84 steps, the chassis of the car was pulled down a 150-foot line by a chain. 140 workers worked on their assigned parts of the chassis, other workers kept the assemblers stocked. This causes continuous work flow and more time on task. So next time you get in your car you can thank Henry Ford.
Akaya Lokas
Advertising! Ads focused less on the product sold and more on the consumer of the product. Advertisers created detailed images of social life. The audience was mostly female characters. Advertisers did not think that the audience was very intelligent. Men usually appeared as boring and same old advertising. Color advertising was introduced. And colors like red, white and blue Sam Ross
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