Table of Contents “American Sweetheart” Not so Sweet? –Asha PAGE 1 The Washington Naval Confernce and it’s Attempt to Disarm the World –Asha PAGE 2 Insight on Henry Ford’s Mass Production –Asha PAGE 3 Stuck on Sports –Cole PAGE 5 High School Science Teacher Breaking the Tennessee Butler Act –Cole PAGE 6 Get a Wiggle on Transportation –Cole PAGE 7 As of Five Years Ago Government Passes 18th Amendment – Khalid PAGE 9 Racial Tension Seems to be on The Rise –Khalid PAGE 10 United States Struck with Unemployment –Khalid PAGE 11 United States Credit Strikes and Works Just Fine –Cesar PAGE 12 Unites States; The Movies that Brought Us Joy –Cesar PAGE 12 United States 19th Amendment Grants Women’s Rights –Cesar PAGE 13 Louis Armstrong is Coming to Town –Susie PAGE 14 Reports on the 1919 Seattle General Strike –Susie PAGE 15 The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) –Susie PAGE 17
“America’s Sweetheart” Not So Sweet? The Celebrity Scandal and It’s Impact on the Public Mary Pickford, multimillion dollar movie star, has been accused of having an affair whilst married. Pickford had been married to Owen Moore when she divorced him and immediately remarried to celebrity Douglas Fairfield a few weeks later. It has been released that Pickford had been in a secret affair with Fairfield since 1916, when Douglas told Mary she had to choose between Owen or himself. Mary choose Fairfield, even though she was terrified of the thought of the public’s reaction. “We had to be very discreet in our meetings,” Mary Pickford wrote. “I was still married to Owen Moore, and to risk the wrath of a man whose antics on and off the set had caused me considerable pain would have been disastrous to my career. We met at friends’ homes and planned a strategy to get my divorce.” As we know, getting a divorce is very tricky nowadays. Nevada is one of the few states in which divorcing is possible. To apply for divorce in Nevada, you must have owned property there for at least 6 months. Obviously some strings were pulled, and Mary’s lawyers produced a document stating that she had owned Nevada property for the allotted time, although many say the document is backdated. Mary was, in the end, granted a divorce from Owen, and married to Douglas March 28th, less than a month after her union with Owen. This celebrity event has impacted the general public immensely. Obviously there was an uproar when the news about the possible illegal marriage between Pickford and Fairfield was leaked. Millions of Mary’s fans turned a blind eye to the scandal, refusing to believe that “America’s Sweetheart” could do wrong, while others believe that Mary is not all society makes her out to be. Recent studies show that divorce rate has been increasing very suddenly since 1920, the year of Pickford’s divorce. With that, I’ll leave you with your thoughts on how much of an impact this celebrity scandal has left on American society.
← (Divorces Per 1000 Married Women Over the Age of 15)
The Washington Naval Conference and It’s Attempts to Disarm the World In East Asia, tensions are rising. Leaders in the international community have been trying to prevent a war from erupting in that area, for they know what devastation the Great War caused. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes invited Great Britain, Japan, France and Italy to discuss naval disarmament, and Belgium, China, the Netherlands and Portugal to discuss rising tensions in East Asia. The Washington Naval Conference has been a great success for the countries taking part. Three treaties were formed and signed at the conference: the Five-Power-Treaty, the Four-Power-Treaty, and the NinePower-Treaty. The one that will be discussed in this article is the Five-PowerTreaty. This treaty includes Great Britain, France, Japan, Italy, and the United States. It states that we five nations must all maintain a set ratio of warship weight in tons. This will help prevent navies from getting out of control, like they did leading up to the Great War. This agreement also required that each nation stop constructing capital ships, which are large warships; and example being a battleship. Along with halting capital ship constructing, the nations must reduce the size of their navies by scrapping older ships. These points will also help reduce unnecessary warfare and navy size. All in all, the Five-Point-Treaty is really helping disarm nations after the war, so something as horrific as the Great War will not be repeated.
Insight on Henry Ford's Mass Production Henry Ford, age 61, is credited with the revolutionizing of production. Ford has helped millions of people by selling cheap, mass-produced cars to the mass market - not just the rich. In 1908, when vehicles cost 850$, only the rich could afford them. Now, thanks to Henry Ford, the general public can afford a vehicle, at the low price of only 250$. Ford’s vehicle assembly line has changed the way our government spends money as well. America is predicted to have spent 1,000,000,000$ on national highways by 1930. To drive these roads are upwards 20 million vehicles that are currently registered in the united states. Ford has been producing one car every 10 seconds, which amasses to that number. In case you didn’t know, an assembly line is much quicker and faster in producing materials and objects than the previous methods. Using car production as an example, in the past, the same small group of people worked on the car until it’s complete. Now, the car is passed along a line with different people adding one part to the vehicle as it moves along. Because of this easy, new method, car factories pay can now higher wages, and vehicle factory jobs are sought after. The assembly line has also changed the way other items are being produced. Radios, refrigerators, telephones, and vacuums used to only be available to the rich. But now, thanks to Ford’s assembly line ideas, they are being produced easier and cheaper, making them not only available to the rich, but available to the masses. So, to conclude, I believe you should thank Henry Ford for the objects in your house you have come to rely on.
“The man who will use his skill and constructive imagination to see how much he can give for a dollar, instead of how little he can give for a dollar, is bound to succeed.” - Henry Ford
← Ford with his breakthrough car, Model T.
Stuck On Sports! The impact of sports was just people looking for a diversion from the brutal realities of combat and turned to a new type of hero, sportsmen, and women. Sports became more important and prestigious than ever before. How about some major sports figures? Well, we all know The Sultan of Swat, The King of Crash, The Colossus of Clout, The Great Bambino, but we all know him as Babe Ruth. Born George Herman Ruth, he was legend in baseball and still is. He was a MLB pitcher and outfielder who played for 22 seasons on three teams. Have you ever heard of “The Promise.”? Babe Ruth made a promise to a sick boy… He took an autographed baseball to a kid in the hospital. The kid’s only wish was for Babe Ruth to promise to hit a homerun… and he did. But let’s not forget about other major sports figures; Bobby Jones (Golfer), Jack Dempsey (Boxing), and Red Grange (Football). Now, the 1924 Olympic Games were held in Paris, these Olympic Games were made famous by the movie; Chariots of Fire. Another interesting thing about sports is 19 year old women by the name of Gertrude Ederle became the first women to swim across the English Channel.
High School Science Teacher Breaking The Tennessee Butler Act?
The Scopes Trial was a famous legal act in 1925. Mr. John Scopes was accused of violating Tennessee’s “Butler Act”, a 1925 Tennessee law prohibiting public school teachers from denying the Biblical account of man’s origins. John Scopes was a 24 year old High School science teacher who started teaching evolution, therefore violating the Act. He agreed of violating the act when asked. His lawyer was the legendary Clarence Darrow, while the state’s attorney was William Jenning Bryan, a former candidate for U.S presidency. Bryan believed that the Bible should be interpreted literally. People called it the “Trial of the Century.” During the trial Darwin’s theory became the focus of the arguments. The jury found Scopes guilty of violating the law and fined him $100.
Get A Wiggle On Transportation! Prior to the 1920s only the very wealthy could afford to travel. Mass production methods made automobiles affordable for the masses. By 1921, the number of automobiles in the United States had passed the ten million mark. President Warren G. Harding spends $75 million to improve nations roads. In the 1920s, trains and ocean liners were the dominant mass transportation methods. Trains bad opened up the continent and ships the world. Air travel, though still in its infancy, captured America’s imagination during the 1920s. Airplanes were mainly used as mail carriers but started to be used as passenger transport as planes became larger.
As of five years ago Government passes 18th Amendment!
Five years ago, our national government made the poor decision of passing the Prohibition Act of 1819 “The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, import, or export of alcoholic beverages.” Opportunities saw the 18th amendment as a complete failure due to all of the crime, and bootlegging businesses it created. Our federal government thought that restricting alcohol would make society in the United States but has clearly made it the opposite with all of the street violence that raged in the country in the past years. Early after the ratification of the 18th amendment approximately 80% of the nation did not mind the restriction of alcohol and 20% did. But those numbers have drastically changed as of today. Now About 70% of people are AGAINST the Prohibition Act and 30% are neutral towards it. It wouldn’t be rare if you found a speakeasy here and there in the past five years. Speakeasies are simply illegal establishments that sell illegal alcohol beverages. It seems that Ol’ Uncle Sam’s attempt at “a better society” didn’t go quite as planned.
Racial Tensions Seem to be on The Rise!
Only nine years ago Marcus Gravely organized the Universal Negro Improvement Association, by the corner of the decade this organization had four million confirmed members! This was set off to preach racial equality, due to the organization goals, many racists looked down upon the organization. The seemingly direct opponent of the Universal Negro Improvement Association seemed to be the second Klu Klux Klan (first one was destroyed under the Civil Rights Acts of 1871) which approximately had four and a half million people as of this year; including women! The Klu Klux Klan focuses on violence towards African Americans everywhere this has been a tradition since the original Klu Klux Klan but in the second version of the horrid practices they NOT ONLY were against African American but they were anti-Catholic, anti-Semitic, and anti-immigrant as well. One will not forget that the uprisings that this organization has thrust upon our nation such as the numerous lynches that occurred in the past five years. Let’s also not forget the race riots during Tulsa of 1921. There still is the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) which is an organization which has 90,000 members and it focused on ending lynching.
United States Struck with Unemployment! Back in the Great War, everyone was working for a decent amount in war industries, people know this as the economic boom of the United States, but we now face recession here in The United States soon after the Great War because of our brave soldiers coming on home in search of their old jobs; unfortunately they come to find that those jobs have been taken by AfricanAmericans, women, and even the elderly.
According to Opportunities, unemployment peaked due to our government’s focus on the war and war industries. We would still have that money if we had some more selffocus before engaging our economy towards the war. Farmers are the first to feel the pain of this recession because the overproduction of war materials lowered the prices of their crops. Many of our farmers today are in debt and others are already losing their farms. These poor farm less farmers began heading for the cities. Many unemployed people today have entered in bootlegging and worked for gangsters as a last resort. Recent riots broke out in Washington due to the government promising a financial bonus for veterans. This promise wasn’t met due to budget-cutting republicans. Lately, people have become more fearful of unemployment and failing banks. Many American citizens have begun a reduced/halt to spending. This is most definitely going to affect the American economy.
United States Credit Strikes and Works Just Fine! Credit and installment started to form when many retailers begin using a promotion that advertise the ability for customers to buy now and pay later. The advertisers use two strategies. One is drive sale for house wives to buy lots of appliances. The second one is savings in costs from using new and improved products would leave more disposable income which then could be spent on life luxuries.
Credit and installment is when you borrow money from the government People bought most of their more expensive and durable goods on installment plan. More jobs paid mi and later you pay for them. Middle class salaries while new devices came into market and became more affordable. There are some problems that credit can cause. Spending and using too much credit can waste your money and you have to pay for the government and you remain in poverty. More and more people can spend with credit to buy the stuff that you want to wear or use it for a purpose and buying expensive things. Installment is a good thing, but can also be a bad thing, unless if you can use it correctly. Makes our lives better!
United States The Movies That Brought Us Joy • Back in the early 1900s, the movies back then were just pictures with no sound. Boring, isn’t it. American inventor Thomas Edison began making short motion pictures at the turn of the century. The movies were just pictures not telling stories and didn’t make any sense. In 1903, a movie called “The Train Robbery” was the first movie to tell a complete story. By the 1920s, the movies improved a lot more. People added sound to the movies for the first time in history! They all had complete stories to tell! Genres were also created too! Action, drama, comedy, suspense, horror, adventures are some movies you’ll want to watch. Many theatres are getting bigger, doubling the normal size. Before, many Americans went to see movies at least once a week. Now people watch movies whenever they want to or have time to enjoy with friends and family. Now, movies are an important and industries. Movies stars rise up and become major celebrities just like Charlie Chaplin, one of the most popular comedians. He’s a hardly believable character. Many people loved him. Movie attendance soon reached 20 million! Can’t you believe it! Movies are an important social force and enjoyable to watch. Movies are big business with the capital investment totalin’ over $2 billion. There are about 20 Hollywood studios.
United States 19th Amendment Grants Women Rights • For almost 72 years, women finally get their rights and equality as men. In 1848, the Seneca Falls convention issued the first formal demand authored by the U.S. created by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. They were one of the first Women Suffragist leaders. In 1869, Wyoming was the first state to grant women the right to vote. In 1890, Elizabeth Cady Stanton with the help of Susan B. Anthony created a program called NAWSA. They organized protests and sent letters to the government to get rights.
By 1900s women were protesting. Sometimes fights broke up and many women were arrested and sent to prison. The NWP, led by Alice Paul, was formed in 1916. They incorperate British protest strategies and staged massive demonstrations. They hanged posters at the White House to try to embarrass the president. In !917 Alice Paul was arrested. At prison, she didn’t eat and started a hunger protest which made the cops mad. Finally, Congress ratified the 19th amendment in August 18, 1920. It guaranteed women the right to vote, get real jobs, own property, businesses, participating in the government, and serving in the military! All the protests and riots were over and everything calmed down.
Louis Armstrong is Coming to Town Louis Armstrong will be coming to New Orleans this weekend! Louis Armstrong is the knees of the bee’s trumpeter and vocalist who helped start the wonderful music we have today! Armstrong helped invent the newly popular scat singing. He has also set a stander for trumpeters worldwide. All of this jazz, jazz, jazz has come from the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance is an African American town which has brought many jazz styles to dance clubs and speakeasies. Another famous pianist Scott Joplin will be coming in March! He is well known for creating rag-time, a quick and popular piano style.
REPORTS ON THE 1919 SEATTLE GENERAL STRIKE REPORTS ON THE 1919 SEATTLE GENERAL STRIKE For those who don’t know, the 1919 Seattle General Strike happed in February for 6 days in 1919 in Seattle Washington. This strike has paralyzed most of the city of Seattle. The strike happened because of worker’s asking for higher wages to go with the rising postwar prices. Thousands of Seattle workers joined the strike on February 6. The American Federation of Labor urged the General strike Committee to end the strike before the labor of the strike caused harm. Another strike that has happened earlier this year was the Mutt and Jeff strike. These men were demanding less hours and to receive a certain percent of his profits.
THE AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION (ACLU) A small group of people have started standing up against civil liberty abuse. This group is called the American Civil Liberties Union. The latest events they have been involved are the Scopes Trail. They are defending John T. Scopes. Even though Scopes was defeated, the American Civil Liberties Union has been making headlines because of their work. The American Civil Liberties Union have also helped with persuade the public of the importance of academic. Just these past years the American Civil Liberties Union have supported the girls of trade unionist to hold meetings and organize. The ACLU has also aided the secure release of hundreds of activist imprisoned for their antiwar actions.
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