100 Inventors Who Made History

Page 64

Flush

you might take them for granted, but lifesaving toilets aren’t just a public convenience.

The user lifts the D-shaped handle to open the water supply and flush the pan.

toilet

More than just a FLUSH in the pan Ancient toilets Early toilets were basically open-air holes in the ground, such as this Roman lavatory from the 2nd century ce. Over the centuries, Sewage SyStemS developed for waste to flow into and be carried away. There were simple forms of the flush toilet in many ancient civilizations, including China, Egypt, Persia (modern-day Iran), and Greece.

Royal flush Centuries passed and chamber pots were all the rage. A pot was placed under the bed for regular use, with the smelly contents often tossed out of the window! John harrington, godson to Queen Elizabeth I of England, invented a more advanced flushing toilet in the 1590s, which let water out of a tank and down a pipe to clean the bowl. He installed one for the queen, who wasn’t impressed, and the invention didn’t catch on.

e way for... h t d ve a p It The first went

By the wa

y... I wrote a book fu toilet humor abou ll of invention. My go t my the queen, was dmother, so up she banished me set !

toilet paper

on sale in 1857, though the earliest use was probably in China during the 14th century. The first public with flushing toilets opened in London in the 1850s. Today’s public toilets are usually housed in separate cubicles with locks.

bathroom

62


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Acknowledgments

10min
page 130

Index

2min
page 129

Glossary

3min
page 128

Fantastic future

5min
pages 126-127

Total turkeys

5min
pages 124-125

Micro machines

2min
pages 122-123

Bionic body parts

2min
pages 120-121

Vaccination

2min
pages 118-119

Defibrillator

0
page 117

Aspirin

1min
page 116

Diagnostic devices

2min
pages 114-115

Laser

0
page 113

Microscope

1min
page 112

Antibiotics

2min
pages 110-111

Antiseptics

1min
page 109

Chocolate

2min
pages 104-107

Anesthetics

1min
page 108

Fireworks

2min
pages 102-103

Movies

2min
pages 100-101

Personal stereo

1min
page 99

Musical instruments

2min
pages 96-97

Video games

1min
page 98

Sports shoes

1min
page 95

Desk buddies

1min
pages 92-93

Blue jeans

1min
page 94

Robot

2min
pages 90-91

Material world

2min
pages 88-89

Dynamite

1min
page 87

Crane

1min
page 86

Plow

2min
pages 84-85

Keeping it together

2min
pages 78-81

Battery

2min
pages 76-77

Bar code

1min
page 83

Plastic

2min
pages 74-75

Money

1min
page 82

Refrigerator

2min
pages 72-73

Home helpers

1min
pages 70-71

Light bulb

2min
pages 68-69

Internet

1min
page 60

Pendulum clock

2min
pages 66-67

World Wide Web

3min
pages 61-63

Telescope

2min
pages 58-59

Flush toilet

2min
pages 64-65

Satellite

2min
pages 56-57

Computer

2min
pages 54-55

Microprocessor

1min
page 53

Braille

1min
page 41

Transistor

1min
page 52

Radio

2min
pages 46-47

Picture this

2min
pages 48-49

Television

2min
pages 50-51

Phonograph

2min
pages 42-43

Telephone

2min
pages 44-45

Telegraph

1min
page 40

Rocket

2min
pages 30-31

Printing press

2min
pages 38-39

Nuclear energy

2min
pages 32-35

Helicopter

2min
pages 28-29

Paper

2min
pages 36-37

Airplane

2min
pages 26-27

Car

2min
pages 24-25

Bicycle

2min
pages 20-21

Navigational novelties

2min
pages 14-15

Steam engine

1min
page 16

Electric motor

2min
pages 18-19

Caravel

1min
page 12

Submarine

1min
page 13

The wheel

2min
pages 10-11

Steam locomotive

1min
page 17
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