Columbia University . GSAPP 2011 – 2014
Michael E. Schissel New York , New York
p105
p155
p178
p188
p196
p208
Fabulous Factory
Architectural Technology V Spring 2013 Jay Hibbs
After Bridget Riley
Advanced Curtain Wall Spring 2014 Bob Heintges
Paper Space
ADR II Spring 2012 Michael Young
Private Infrastructure GIS Spring 2013 Leah Meisterlin
Pop The Bubble
Workshop . Brazil Summer 2013 Alejandro de Castro Mazarro & Fancisco Diaz
Crop Line
Competition . Finland Spring 2013 Kymenlaakson Univerisity
Content Architectural Technology, Visual Studies, Workshops
Water
Typological Correction Advanced Studio VI Spring 2014 Juan Herreros, Critic
p3
An Extra National Forum For Alternative Futures
Adaptive Reuse & Historic Preservation Advanced Studio V Fall 2013 Jorge Otero-Pailos & Craig Konyk, Critics
The End Of The Line
Adapting Infrastructure - C BIP Advanced Studio IV Spring 2013 Laura Kurgan, Janette Kim, & Scott Marble Critics
p30
p56
Housing Infrastructure Core Studio III Fall 2012 Douglas Gauthier, Critic
p76
Investmentopia!
Studios
Spectacle & Risk Core Studio II Spring 2012 Christina Goberna, Critic
p122
Public Food
The Manhattanville Expansion Core I Fall 2011 Cristoph A. Kumpusch, Critic
p140
Vessel for One
Water Cell Core I Fall 2011 Cristoph A. Kumpusch, Critic
p166
Typological Correction
Advanced Studio VI
Ballard Estate . 1910 . George Wittet
Mumbai, India
Estuary
4
These are the two scales of water infrastructure that exist in Mumbai. Neither is a viable solution to the problem of the equitable provision of water.
5
6
The boundaries of Mumbai, both physical and social, are permeated by water. Floating in an estuary, the physical limit of the city is an indeterminate edge: land perfused by sea. Fluid occupancies, permeable boundaries, gradients of publicness; these relationships are traced through the physical and political role of water in Mumbai and translated into a conceptual framework to organize a new solution to the ever present problem of housing in the metropolis.
7
This is a bathroom. Two of them, as well as two kitchens, two water storage tanks and two storage spaces. If the bathroom functions become redundant one can easily be adapted into a temple.
Wet Cores
8
0m 9
1m
5m
The basic unit revolves centripetally around the structural core unit of the bathroom, pushing back against the linearity and repetition that characterizes many housing projects. The unit is highly modifiable, allowing for various configurations for differing social structures.
10
Prototypical Unit 0m 11
1m
5m
12
Typical Unit Array
13
Water has no shape, but it has properties of density, pressure, and phase change. These properties inform the spatial relationships of that define the architectural expression of the project. Exterior and interior boundaries are indeterminate and negotiable. Columns function as water conveyance, bathrooms function as structural elements, shading devices perform water collection and solar distalliation functions, and public space leaks into private space.
Typical Section 0m 1m
5m 14
Typical Plan 0m 1m
15
0m
5m
5m
16
Typical Elevation 0m 17
5m
Typological Correction: Single Loaded Corridor Becomes a Double Loggia
Centripetal vs. Linear
18
An analysis of the chawls of Mumbai, a common housing typology built for mill workers in the 19th century, reveals a gradient between interior and exterior, privacy and publicity. They are criticized for being overcrowded and having inadequate plumbing, but they are also praised for the strong community ties that developed amongst the inhabitants. The exterior corridors and courtyards used for circulating through the chawls provided an expanded interior/exterior boundary, promoting both environmental temperance and social engagement through the definition of the building envelope.
Chawl Section
19
The extremes of the region’s seasonal cycle, defined by a 4 month deluge and then 8 months of dryness, adds a temporal dimension to the fluid dynamics of the city, suggesting a fluidity of occupancy contingent upon the monsoon cycle. The building is not independent; it is the cleaving of an existing building type, and investment of infrastructural capacity. The adapted building is an environmental management apparatus serving varied interests of housing and work. The system is seasonally attenuated, adapting its own operations to the monsoon cycle. It moves from the purification of ground water to the collection of rain water, registered by flooding of the central space and altering the occupational potential of the space.
Diagrammtic Section
20
Solar Distillation Array and Ground Water Wells
Weeping Columns / Water Conveyance / Secondary Structure
Bathrooms / Primary Structure
Floor Plates
Existing Typology, Corrected
Systems: Exploded Axonometric
21
Subterrainean Tank
B4
T
ROAD
Y STREE
TATA
TRINIT
JAMSHETJI
DI ROAD
WA TATA
AN ND JAMSHETJI
CHA RG
RG
RG
RG
RG
BELL LANE
S S & PG
B4 B5
B4
22
The Ballard Estate, master planned and designed by George Wittet between 1910 and 1914, was built on in-filled land, using material excavated for the construction of the docks to the north and east. The Estate sits outside of the primary north/south traffic flows of the city, leaving its wide streets eerily quiet by comparison. The plan provided service access alleys, as wide as many streets in Mumbai, that are now gated off, keeping the internal courtyards under utilized.
0m
100m
200m
500m
Site: Mumbai in an Estuary
23
1,400 Max Units @ 25% Porosity 1,050 Units ~4,200 People who need 567,000 L water/day Column Capacity 5.5M L ~10 days capacity
24
25
It is a discrete apparatus. It does not advertise, It appropriates. It punctures wholes into the colonial street fronts to pull air through the site, allowing it to breath.
26
27
The column becomes indistinguishable from the pipe, from the screen, and from the wall. The pipes incorporate a micro porous surface, allowing small amounts of water to permeate its outer skin. Everywhere smells of wet concrete.
28
29
Adaptive Reuse – Historic Preservation
Advanced Studio V
US Embassy . 1958 . Eero Saarinen
Olso, Norway
AN EXTRA NATIONAL FORUM FOR ALTERNATIVE FUTURES
SOUTH-WEST
TSAE-HTUOS
LEVEL TWO NORTH
SNOITAVELE DNA SNALP
TSEW-HTUOS
.GDLB YSSABME SETATS DETINU YAWRON ,OLSO
SETAICOSSA DNA NENIRAAS OREE
NAGIHCIM ,SLLIH DLEIFMOOLB
.ON TEEHS
1
STCETIHCRA
ETAD
3102 ,81 REBEMETPES
.ON TCEJORP 3055
DEKCEHC SM
NWARD SM
ELACS
’1 = ”61/1
HTRON
As Built 0m
5m
15m
LEVEL ONE 32
TSEW-HTUOS
SOUTH-EAST The U.S. Embassy in Oslo was constructed during a building boom of diplomatic facilities in the late 1950s, the majority of which are now being decommissioned as they are unableto meet ever increasing security demands. The Overseas Building Office has penned new “design excellence standards” that attempt to resolve the contradictory desires for openness and security. The public O W T L Efunction V E L of an embassy, however, is symbolic representation and it is therefore understood as a target for violence in the climate of fear and political tension that we live in today. As such the embassies can no longer operate openly and accessibly.
HTRON
PLANS AND ELEVATIONS
UNITED STATES EMBASSY BLDG. OSLO, NORWAY
SOUTH-EAST
EERO SAARINEN AND ASSOCIATES ARCHITECTS
DRAWN MS
SCALE
1/16” = 1’
CHECKED MS
BLOOMFIELD HILLS, MICHIGAN
DATE
SEPTEMEBER 18, 2013
SHEET NO.
PROJECT NO. 5503
SOUTH-WEST
1
The US has built 88 new diplomatic facilities since 1999, and has 41 in designS O orUunder TH-WEST construction. This Embassy is one of many around the world whose existence hangs precariously between its original, designed use and the open question of its future usevalue as an ex-US embassy. These buildings are both historically and architecturally significant, built by some of the greatest architects of the mid 20th century for an international political climate that no longer exists. These abandoned corridors of power are poignant sites for a new network of critical space whose purpose is to mediate a conversation about the future freed of existing, normative constraints: freed from the nation-state. This project aspires to nurture a new conversation, one that might help to create a cultural shift through art, dialogue, and critical thought that, on the larger scale of generations, might one day inflect N Oa Rpolicy TH shift at the level of institutionalized, global politics.
NORTH
PLANS AND ELEVATIONS
UNITED STATES EMBASSY BLDG. OSLO, NORWAY
EERO SAARINEN AND ASSOCIATES ARCHITECTS
BLOOMFIELD HILLS, MICHIGAN
AS BUILT CONDITIONS DRAWN MS
ENO LEVEL 33
SCALE
1/16” = 1’
CHECKED MS
DATE
SEPTEMEBER 18, 2013
PROJECT NO. 5503
SHEET NO.
1
Symmetry, Presence, and the Question of Preservation
34
Saarrinen’s Embassy is a single loaded corridor building, folded to fill the triangular form of its site, responding to the geometrical constraint of the site and using it to its advantage. He utilized a single loaded corridor, implicitly mandated by the program, folded around the perimeter of the site and stacked 4 levels high and then placed two triangular cores in the kinks of the fold. This folded corridor creates a void in the center that is filled with a shallow, parallelogram shaped pool of water. This space is difficult to use‌ in a way functionless. It is the result of the rigid maintainance of symmetry and tension between the ideal efficiencies of the corridor and the idealized geometry of the site. But this ambiguity and difficulty lend the space a specialness that allows anyone and everyone to assign their own function to this space. It can be a space of reflection, of gathering, of loitering, or of transit. It can be useless and overflowing with use at the same time. It is the left-over space that results from the formation of the corridor, but it is also reinforces the corridor.
35
Corridor
Field
36
The word corridor was, initially, a person – not an architectural device, but a messenger - a courier. Later, 16th and 17th century merchants adopted the architectural form of the corridor to represent their need to “be kept abreast of world events by fleet-footed messengers.” The corridor was a symbolic space built to emphasize status and communicate political importance. Its first extensive architectural use is found in the design of 19th century military barracks and fortifications where it served to channel and regiment people and also to expedite communications between front lines and command structures. In the Twentieth Century it was adopted to create efficient spatial hierarchies to serve the expanding managerial needs of the global marketplace and it is largely due to this ubiquitous deployment in the modern office building that we are all so familiar with the architectural device of the corridor today. Both the historical significance and the circulatory logic of the corridor generate an ontological reality within the building, one defined by speed and connectivity, linear lines of communication and thought. Thus, the corridor serves to direct and manage the concentration and maintenance of power. In Mark Jarzombek’s words, “These [corridor] spaces encode the building with the terminology of couriered messages, international power brokerage…” This spatial reality must be overwhelmed for a new space of exchange to be possible. The Embassy has a deeply embedded identity as a symbolically charged building that has known only one use and that identity will persist in public perception despite its abandonment.
37
E VA C U A T E D S P A C E 1m
5m
10m
20m
N
Evacuated Space
38
The first phase of the project, therefore, opens the building to the public in its abandoned state. This allowance for informal observation and exploration of what has been a closed and mysterious space for decades will create a temporal space of consideration, a buffer, for the building and the community in which it exists, making possible a sense of public repossession. Releasing control of the building in this way will alter the perception of the building as a part of the fabric of Oslo and allow the embedded identity of the US embassy to be utilised as a tool for the genesis of a new form of conversation, a new negotiation of cultural exchange that is not possible within the corridic confines of the nation-state and contemporary diplomatic structures.
39
L4
L3
V2
L2
Ground Level
40
V2
To make this exchange possible the corridor is deployed again, but as a field condition. This combination of multiple, singular corridors generates a non-hierarchical hypostyle hall, a nomadic space constituted by multiple, simultaneous possibilities of navigation, not a multiplicity, but multiple coexisting singularities. This field is then manipulated vertically throughout the building to create a heterogenous network of trajectories. Nicolas Bourriaud uses the botanical metaphor of the radicant to characterize this new conception of exchange and cultural production. Radicants are plants, like Ivy or Mangroves, which do not emanate from a single origin or root, as does the deleuzian rhizome, but instead produce new roots as they move in multiple directions simultaneously. “It is a matter of replacing the question of origin with that of destination.� L2 The Extra National Forum for Alternative Futures.
L1
V1
L0
Floor Plans
FLOOR PLANS
0m 1m
41
5m
10m
20m
5m
15m
N
30m
Floor System
42
0m 43
5m
15m
Building Sections 30m
Re-Structuring
44
To facilitate the articulation of this new space within the existing building, one of the two structural cores, one of the brick screen walls defining the atrium and all four floors spanning between are removed. The space opened by the removal of the core creates the possibility of more centralizing moments within the volume and distorts the rigid symmetry of the building. As the previous floors spanned from the load-bearing labradorite/concrete facade to the atrium walls and cores,and their removal requires a new strategy for lateral reinforcement of the facade.
45
Built Up Roof On Cast-in-place Concrete Slab
Structural glass fins, arranged at 45 degree angles and coated with a two-way mirror film effectively reinforce the load bearing facade while thematically tying the structure into the renovation strategy. These reflective structural devices create a doubling and a visual translation of objects in space: simultaneously confronting you with your own presence in the space, while multiplying and distorting the location of your reflection. The fins are located along the north facade where the regulating grid of the corridic field meets the facade obliquely, preventing the ramping system that is deployed across this grid from continuously bracing the facade. The roof on this side of the building must be replaced as well, as its load bearing members have been removed, and a field of columns supports the system of ramps and takes the loads of the new roof.
Operable Wood Frame Window
Pre-cast Concrete Facade
Cast-in-place Concrete Slab
Hung Ceiling
Radiant Heat
Existing Wall Section 1
5
46
Casement Windows Chrome Trim
Labradorite - Concrete Structural Modules
Structural Glass With Two Way Mirror Coating Bolted, Chromed Steel Spandrel Joint
Reflection Displacement
0
15
3 0cm
Structural Glass Fins - Reinforce Load Bearing Facade And Prevent Buckling
Existing Floors To Be Removed
Structural Ramps Span From Column To Load Bearing Facade
Columns Introduced To Support Ramp System And Support The New New Half Of The Roof
Reinforced Structural Facade
47
North Elevation
South Elevation
48
49
50
The parallelogram reflecting pool and benches that define the regulating grid are preserved and the system of ramps carefully negotiates the edges of the atrium space throughout the volume, however due to the removal of all existing floors, the benches are dropped down to the ground level and the pool is extruded, maintaining the datum of its top surface, but extending the shallow pool downward, into a cubic volume of water. As you negotiate a path through the space, you are confronted with multiple possible trajectories, multiple possible entries and exits, and multiple possible interpretations of the function of varied spaces created by irregular arrangements within the field of ramps.
51
The ramps begin to puddle, creating an amphitheatre like arrangement, a potential space of gathering. The vertical movement slows, allowing larger flat areas for performances, large group discussions. The preserved structure pushes against the freedom of the field, reminding it of it’s past life as a corridor. The flat spaces are smaller, more intimate and slightly removed from continuous connection to the field through visual and some aural separation. Views of the larger space of the field are framed through the core, visually connecting you back to the totality of the space at the moment of greatest isolation.
52
53
54
55
Adapting Infrastructure
Advanced Studio IV CBIP
Newtown Creek Waste Water Treatment Plant
Brooklyn, New York
Project Team Talene Montgomery Michael Schissel Jim Stoddart
THE END OF THE LINE
2020 . Purification
NYC’s largest wastewater treatment facility at Newtown Creek is a vital site for preventative intervention in response to imminent sea level rise. The plant contains untapped potential for the collaborative proximity of multiple infrastructures: flood prevention, waste management, recreation and funeration. The three-phase intervention is long-term and large-scale. In the first phase, a traversable flood barrier barricades the plant against extreme projections of sea level rise while also creating a new public space. The barrier is modulated to facilitate growth over time, generating connective tissue between the surrounding, disjointed neighborhoods, while simultaneously cultivating calibrated proximity to the waste management infrastructure below. This exposure aims to re-condition the perceived “yuck factor� associated with wastewater treatment. As public perception evolves, the third phase introduces to society a waterbased, alternative method of burial: aquamation. With the addition of this crucial programmatic layer, previously discrete municipal programs are laminated to create a robust, defensive pastoral infrastructure.
58
2050 . Recreation
2080 . Funeration
59
The End of the Line reveals the interconnectedness of water, waste, life, and death in the function of the metropolis. It proposes the possibility of a greater urbanism through the expansion of the concept of infrastructure that enables a contraction of its spatial requirements. A greater definition of urban infrastructure spans the overlooked gap between the provision of basic human needs and the social rituals supporting human loss. The project develops over time, reconditioning the public understanding of waste through an incremental exposure to its latent potential and its central connection to a global energy cycle, ultimately creating a positive relationship between life, waste, death, and shared public space.
2080
60
2020 . Purification
2050 . Recreation
61
2080 . Funeration
Greenpoint Neighborhood
Bridge to Long Island CIty
Park hosts, irrigates
stimulates, protects filters
Newtown Creek
Wastewater Treatment Plant provides waterfront access
Context / Concept / Strategy Contemporary Sites of Accumulation + Processing along Newtown Creek
15
65
70
TRASH 70
85
25
90
65
90
70
60 60
70
85
65
70
70
60
90
50
70
90
60
60
0
55
35
85
60
7
60
30
15
70 65 75 25
30
55 45 0 35
20
65
65
70
30 40
45
85
20
65
80
85
BODIES 40
75
65
20 10 15
70
15
60
85
55
65 60
65
10 5
25
20
70
25
70
20
WASTE
60
30
30
15
55 45 35
60
70
20 40 20
65
BODIES TRASH
15
80
70
20
15
65
65 60
5
WASTE
65 70 85 75
90
70
10
10
15
15
85
15
0
25 5
55
20
60
20
50
70
15
15
85
90
10 15
10 15
20
5
Context / Concept / Strategy Contemporary Sites of Accumulation + Processing along Newtown Creek
10
15
60 70
25 5
0
20 15
50
20
85
10 5
65
60 70
20
70 65 75
25
25 40
30
45
35
250
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Feet 3,000
60
70
0
0
55 50
Context / Concept / Strategy Contemporary Sites of Accumulation & Processing Along Newtown Creek 0
250
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Feet 3,000
62
Today the major threat is storm surges, compounded by the pollution of the water threatening to invade and contaminate the street. This requires an increase in height for the plant’s flood barriers, which we address as a need for traversable and non-traversable boundaries. The barriers calibrate the public access to the new public space with a controlled exposure to waste management processes. The goal of the project is to layer multiple urban infrastructures on one site, compounding the efficiency of the land area, and creating an accessible space for public engagement with the realities of urban infrastrcuture. Responding to the city’s dire lack of burial space, we propose to layer these infrastructures for mutual benefit. Through the process of alkaline hydrolosis the same water processed by the plant can be used to process the remains of the dead, which will then be inturned on site in a new memorial space for the city.
Hurricane X
Hurricane Sandy 15’ 14’
Hurricane Donna
13’ 12’ 11’ 10' 9' 8' 7' 6'
Anticipated Sea Level Rise (Max)
5' 4'
Anticipated Sea Level Rise (Min)
3' 2' 1' 1900
1940
Projected Sea Level Rise in New York
63
2010
2050
2080
Respond An operational sequence is executed at three scales to manage the large site at multiple levels.
LowResolution
Low resolution operations prepare a guide surface, strategically draped over controlled areas of the site. These organize both protected and exposed regions of the site, optimizing the multiple functions for environmental conditions and site circulation.
ClearanceMaker
DonDraper
DaylightMaker
GISmachine
Influencer
Sculpt LowResolution
MediumResolution
At the medium level of resolution this guide surface is further sculpted to respond to urban conditions, circulation patterns, and drainage strategies. ClearanceMaker
DonDraper
DaylightMaker
GISmachine
PathingNetworker
Topographizer
SmellSnouts
Memorial Space
High resolution operations entail populating the prepared and sculpted guide surface with the apparatuses developed for the urban infrastructure oriented site strategy. These include Smell Snouts, which have a dual role of controlling Plant odor and creating a mausoleum, Sense Straws that MediumResolution demarcate the grid overlayed on the seemingly pastoral landscape of the park and communicate exposure levels and toxic proximities to park goers. The most ubiquitous element across the site will be Filter Paver elements that manage storm water and provide a direct, visceral point of contact with the element of water, a constant at every scale of operation. Lasty, we employ scaffolding structure and various boundary types to support the new Topographizer GISmachine public surface ofPathingNetworker the park and define it edges with storm surge proof barriers.
Influencer
Populate HighResolution
out-site
SmellSnouts
E-Structure
FilterPaver
in-site
Barriers
Memorial Space
Managing an Evolving Site
64
input
Boundary Type (non-traversable)
output
12’ 8’ 4’
Solid Boundary Dry Edge Draining Inward
Open Boundary Dry Edge Drains Inward Modulating Height
Open Boundary Wet Edge Drains Inward Modulating Height 65
Flood Barrier
Flood Barrier Exposure
Flood Barrier Storm Water Retention Exposure
Solid Boundary Wet Edge Drains Outward
Open Boundary Dry Edge Drains Inward Modulating Height
Transparency Dry Edge Drains Outward
Flood Barrier Storm Water Retention Engagement
Flood Barrier Exposure Clearance
Flood Barrier Retention Exposure Engagement
Transparent Flood Barrier Boundary Retention Dry Edge Exposure Drains Outward to Engagement Drinking Fountain
Five critical areas of the 53 acre site were selected for high resolution development to communicate the over-all ste strategy.
2
3
5 4
1 Critical Test Sites
66
Populate HighResolution
solution
orker
out-site
Topographizer
SmellSnouts
E-Structure
FilterPaver
in-site
Barriers
Memorial Space
1 . Primary Pedestrian Entry
67
4. Sedimentation Beds : Smell Snouts : Memorial Space
2 . NW Corner : Current Outfall
5 . Decommisioned Cetrifuges : Exhibition Space
3 . Whale Creek : Future Outfall
Sensible Straws
Filter Pavers tm2525
Smell Snouts jps2171
Populating Apparatuses
68
PURIFICATION RECREATION FUNERATION
69
The End of the Line
72
73
NEW YORK CITY PRODUCES 1,300,000,000 GALLONS OF WASTE WATER EVERY DAY
C E N T R A L I Z E D W A S T E M G M T
V S
L I Q U I D
D I S T R I B U T E D W A S T E M G M T
S O L I D S
OR
→ → → → →
>6,000 MILES OF SEWER PIPES 135,000 SEWER CATCH BASINS >495 PERMITTED OUTFALLS FOR CSOs 96 WASTE WATER PUMPING STATIONS 14 TREATMENT PLANTS
I N
20% OF PLANT’S POWE
53 ACRES
T H R O U G H
→ → → → → → → → → →
DISINFECTION FACILITY 2 CONTROL BUILDINGS 3 SEDIMENTATION BATTERIES 3 AERATION BATTERIES SUPPORT BUILDINGS RESIDUALS FACILITIES CENTRIFUGE BUILDING SOLIDS HANDLING FACILITY MAIN BUILDING, VISITORS’ CENTER PUBLIC WATERFRONT
O U
S T
N E W T O W N C R E E K S E W E R S H E D 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 R E S I D E N T S 1 5 , 0 0 0 A C R E S
C
Miles 0
0.5
1
2
3
4
74
Sources: Center for Urban Pedagogy, Newtown Creek Alliance.org, NYC.gov, New York Times, Kate Ascher “The Works”, Humanurehandbook.com, NY DEP
L I Q U I D S
30-60 fl.oz./day
S O L I D S
E X T R A
S P A C E
E X T R A
T I M E
3-8 oz./day ( E X T R A
ORGANIC ADDITIVES
$ $ )
PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
W H E R E
D O
W E
P U T
I T ?
NT’S POWER NEEDS
SOCIAL EQUITY → M E T H A N E
O U T
→1,200 TONS OF SLUDGE
→ W A T E R
R
FLORIDA CITRUS GROVES VIRGINIA GRAZING AND CORN LAND COLORADO WHEAT NEW JERSEY ALKALINE TREATMENT PLANT ARKANSAS PELLETIZATION PLANT PENNSYLVANIA COMPOSTING NYC GARDENS
4 2 %
STORM EVENT= COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW
DRY WEATHER UP TO 310,000 GALLONS A DAY TO EPA STANDARDS
WET WEATHER UP TO 700,000 GALLONS A DAY PARTIAL TREATMENT
75
3 7 %
1 3 %
→ A L K I A L I N E
L A N D → D I R E C T
→ P E L L E T I Z E D
O N - S I T E S T O R M W A T E R R E T E N T I O N
→ C O M P O S T I N G
C O M B I N E D S T O R M A N D S E W E R
S T A B I L I Z A T I O N
A P P L I C A T I O N
→ → → → → → →
8 %
Project Team
Andrew Maier III, Michael Schissel
Housing Infrastructure
Core Studio III East Harlem, New York
lg
lg
sm
sm
sm
sm sm
sm
Stair Habitable Unit Elevator Urine Diversion Potable Water Grey Water Supply Grey Water Return Dry Toilet Core Storm Water Conveyance Air Supply
Wet Network
78
System Relationships: Infrastructural Networks If the history of housing can be examined as the history of plumbing, the history of plumbing can, in turn, be examined as a history of the interrelationships between privacy and publicity – of intimacy within the simultaneous negotiation of shared space. This project organizes housing around explicit systems of circulation: people, air, water, and waste, making visible the implicit organizations of the social space of human intimacy and public negotiation. This organizational agenda also introduces mechanical efficiencies and creates an easily and affordably adpatable mechanical model for high density residential construction. Our goal is to make transparent the opaque qualities of privacy through their public exhibition, while still maintaining the necessary anonymity of privacy. In this way the viewer is also viewed, yet is aware of this relationship. The project utilizes a fluid oscillation between co-dependencies: figure and ground, horizontal and vertical, intimate and exposed, solid and void. The architecture thus not only provides for the private requirements of the occupant, but also enables a knowing relationship between occupants. The explicit system implies its hidden counterpart; the architecture simultaneously precedes and frames the positionality of the inhabitant.
79
Constrained Site
Both Harlem River Drive and Metro North enclose, yet bypass, the site. Considerable traffic and noise pollution necessitate moving the residential zones upwards. The tightly bound site, accessable from only one side, is lifted, redirecting the traffic onto the highway beneath the building and creating an accessible connection to the north-east for pedestrian traffic.
Closed Loop Site Planning
Taking advantage of the fragmenting of the nyc grid that occurs as it meets arcing line of the Harlem River, the site reaches into the previously unusabe pocket of space and reclaims it for grey water processing and a new greenspace for the city. Waste Management vehicle acess and Harlem River Drive On-Ramp combine below grade. Collection Tanks, digestors, and composting chambers nestle at the feet of the primary concrete structure, centalized fluid collection and distribtuion nodes.
80
tr Me
On-ramp Is Replaced With Wetlands For Greywater Processing
h
Ideal Building Depth Site Grown Market + Bodega New Pedestrian Connection
31s
tS
Summer
t.
rk
Winter
Har
Av
e
E1
lem
Pa
ort
Harlem River
Traffic Re-routing Waste Mgmt Education Center Micro Farm Pedestrian Flows Waste Mgmt Access
Riv er D rive
81
oN
R8 District With Community Facility
6.5 Maximum Overall Far 6.02 Maximum Community Use Far 75% Lot Coverage (Corner) As Of Right Buildable Area: 393,088 Sf (6.5X60,475sf)
Community Facility+ Inclusionary
Request For Inclusionary Housing Bonus Of 33% Of Floor Area For Providing 20% Affordable Housing.
The Entire Site:
45,500Sf (6.5X7000sf) + 435,420 Sf (7.2X60,475sf)} X 1.33 = 639,625Sf With 127,925Sf Permanent Affordable Housing Required
639,625 ALLOWABLE SF
ridg e
E. 1 3
80’
Me tro -No rth R
er Drive Harlem Riv
ailw ay B
2nd
159
.33
140
’
.83 224
R8
80’
C2378
4o ver lay ’
04’ 314.
100
’
Park Ave .
’
’
.59
E. 1 3
1st
R8 Standard Sky Exposure Plane
R8 Sky Exposure Plane or Alternate option 6.02 Maximum FAR As of Right buildable area: 364,060 sf (6.02x60,475sf)
C2-4 Overlay, Commercial FAR within R6-R10 2.0 Maximum FAR with a 100’depth As of Right buildable area: 90,000 sf (2x45,000sf)
R8 Standard _ Option 1 29 Floors 672,000 Gross SF
R8 Standard _ Option 2 29 Floors 565,000 Gross SF
R8 Alternate _ Option 1 29 Floors 601,000 Gross SF
R8 Alternate _ Option 2 29 Floors 513,000 Gross SF
83
R8 Alternate Sky Exposure Plane
Residential 226,400 Circulation 66,500 16,500 Public Zones 50,000 Cat Walks Tower Commercial 5,000 Base Commercial 15,600 7000 Grocery 8,600 Theater Wast Mgmt Sub Level 30,000 Gross 343,500 Res+Circ 292,900 Commercial 20,600 Efficiency (Circ/Res) 0.29 0.66 (With Sublevel) Site 86,350 Far 3.98 Unit Count Approx Occupants Expected Occupant Load Micro(1B) 158 1 = 158 Loft (1B Tall) 26 2 = 52 1 Br (2B) 69 2 = 138 2Br (3B) 43 43= 172
Loft Micro
Twin Micro With Circulation Coupling
One Bed
Two Bed
86
87
Occupiable Patio And Passive heat/Cool Stack Floor to Floor Fixed Glazing
Double Skin Facade
Operable Wood Slat Louvers Operable Glazing
Off-Site Prefab Slab Insert HoleDeck Waffle Slab Lightweight, Flexible Maintenance
88
Systems Conveyance -Human Waste -Air -Water
Modular Bathroom Unit
Basic Hygienic Needs Bathroom
Mud Room with Coat Closet and Bench
Bedroom Closet
Kitchen Insert Starter Kitchen Insert Upgradeable
Concrete Shell
89
90
show me
91
hold me
92
93
Structural Shells
Double Skins
Unit Slabs
Plinth
Stair Core Circulation
Elevator Core Circulation
Enlarged, Shared Space Floor Plates
Meandering Circulation
Meandering Circulation
94
95
Grey Supply Potable Supply Solids Evacuation Liquids Evacuation Grey Return Stack Effect Exhaust
Closed Loop Waste Management
96
150’
Sub-Grade Level 0ft
97
25ft
75ft
150ft
98
orth 25’
50’
150’
Level 2 Main Lobby 0ft 99
25ft`
75ft
150ft
100
Level 13 0ft 101 50’
150’
25ft`
75ft
150ft
102
Level 30 0ft 103 50’
150’
25ft`
75ft
150ft
White steel, White concrete, Glass Project Team
Andrew Maier III, Zack Mauer Arkadiusz Piegdon, Michael Schissel
Fabulous Factory
Architectural Technology V
Structural Strategies. Ductal Fins (structural exoskeleton facade) WT structural steel (braced frame) Crossing the threshold moves the occupant through the layered depth of the facade, depositing them into a voluminous interior space. A large void carves up from the second floor from the entry, corresponding with the peeled-up lip vestibule of the facade. Our goal is to create an unpredictable experience and a dramatic interior/exterior dichotomy through the careful control of scale and the deployment of unexpected structural strategies and material contrasts. Bringing the structure outside of the envelope opens the full perimeter of the long building, creating an unbroken space articulated by the dramatic and constantly shifting play of light filtered through the skin.
108
109
1
1
A302
1
S104
A301
A.1 A
B
C
1.1
D.1
3
4
5
1
D
Transverse Section
2
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16.1 16
Roof 116' - 0"
Roof 116' - 0"
Level 7 88' - 0"
Level 7 88' - 0"
Level 6 74' - 0"
Level 6 74' - 0"
Level 5 60' - 0"
Level 5 60' - 0"
Level 4 46' - 0"
Level 4 46' - 0"
Level 3 32' - 0"
Level 3 32' - 0"
Level 2 18' - 0"
Level 2 18' - 0"
Level 1 0' - 0"
Level 1 0' - 0"
Longitudinal Section
At the largest scale, reading the building as an exterior envelope from a distance, it appears to be a monolithic block. It reads as a precise, solid volume, minimally articulated. Upon approaching the building, movement reveals a play of light through the surface of the block, the unity of the facade begins to dissolve in mirage-like moire pattern. The fineness of the screen is discerned and the faint suggestion of a contrasting interior space is just barely discernable. As the entry is reached, the scale and materiality of the structural skin is revealed, but its fineness and depth keep the interior space veiled, not fully legible except for glowing color and suggestions of solid and void glimpsed through the filtering screen.
Roof 116' - 0"
Level 7 88' - 0"
Level 6 74' - 0"
Level 5 60' - 0"
Level 4 46' - 0"
Level 3 32' - 0"
Level 2 18' - 0"
Level 1 0' - 0"
Perspective
D
C
B
A
D
C
B
1 A301
A
D.1
A.1
1
D.1
22' - 0"
22' - 0" A.1
22' - 0" 1.1
1.1
1
EQ
2
2
3
18' - 0"
3
4
18' - 0"
5
18' - 0"
PUBLIC LOBBY
5
FREIGHT ELEVATOR
4
6
18' - 0"
6
MECH ELEC
1 A302
7
18' - 0"
7
8
18' - 0"
8
9
36' - 0"
9
10
10
11
12
13
18' - 0"
14
18' - 0"
15
15
18' - 0"
1 S104
18' - 0"
PUBLIC LOBBY
13
FREIGHT ELEVATOR
12
14
18' - 0"
MECH ELEC
11
16
16.1
EQ
16
16.1
Plans: Architectural L1, Roof, & Structural L2
112
Steel Frame, Unitized Curtain Wall, & Concrete Exoskeleton
113
14’-0” 6’-0”
6’-0”
3’-2”
6’-0”
1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0”
E3
Typical Bay Plan, Section, and Elevation
114
14’-0”
E2
E1 1” Steel Plate with 1/2” Splice Plates
3’-2”
Horizontal Mullion Aluminum Stick Mullion Steel Lap Joint Connection with 2 Stainless Steel Pins Ductal Exoskeleton Fin
Translucent Insulating Nanogel Panel 1” Steel Plate with 1/2” Splice Plates
Ductal Exoskeleton Fin Bracing
Triple Glazed IGU with Argon Gas Aluminum Mullion Cap Shop Milled and Adhered for Thermal Break
Delaminated Cladding System
115
Horizontal Mullion
B
Structural Silicone Sealant Spacer Triple Glazing With Argon Gas Setting Block Silicone Weatherseal
Slot At Windload Anchor Hole At Deadload Anchor
Backer Rod Vertical Mullion Extrusion Spacer Structural Silicone Sealant Double Glazing Bb
Aa B
Nanogel Translucent
Slab Anchor
Horizontal Mullion
E2
Ductal Bracing (Maximum Unbraced Length = 10’) Structural Ductal Exoskeleton Fin Member
Ductal Outrigger With 1” Embedded Steel Plate Fireproof Membrane 5” Topping Slab Pre-cast “Super Slab”
1/2” Steel Angle Wt 12x52 With Add’l Steel Welded To Web Steel Splice Plate To Ductal Connection Translucent Nanogel IGU Horizontal Mullion With Structural Glazing
E1
Ductal Stack Joint With 2-1/2” Stainless Steel Pins
Low E, Triple Pane IGU With Argon Gas
Typical Slab Edge / Ductal Connection
116
A
Anchor Bolt Kit Steel Angle A
12 X 52 Wt Beam With Thickened Web
Steel Splice Plate Gasket Sealer Aluminum Mullion Splice Plate Fabreeka Or Isokorb 1/4" Thermally Isolated Structural Pad Factory Installed, Thermally Broken, Sealed Coupling Sealant/insulation Triple Glazed With Argon Gas Silicone Weatherseal
1"x12" Steel Cast Into Ductal Concrete 3.5" X 16" Ductal Concrete Fins
1/2" Splicing Steel
E3 Curtain Wall Mullion Details
117
Ductal Fin Welded Ss Through-bolt Welded Ss Plate 1/4” Steel Splice Plate
Integrated Brace Plate 1/2” Threaded Rods, Cast In Brace Plate 1/2” Steel Unit To Unit Slotted Connection Plate, Welded To Primary 1” Steel , Primary Reinforcing Plate, C.I.P.
Ductal Fin Section
118
12 X 52 Wt Beam With Thickened Web 12 X 52 Wt Beam With Thickened Web
Triple Glazed With Argon Gas Splice Collar With Slotted Bolt Holes
3.5” X 16” Ductal Concrete Fins 1” Steel Reinforcing Plate
Steel Splice Plate 12 X 52 Wt Beam With Thickened Web Fabreeka Or Isokorb 1/4" Thermally Isolated Structural Pad
Sealant /insulation Steel Splice Plate With Slotted Expansion Bolt Holes Aluminum Mullion
Triple Glazed With Argon Gas
Exoskeletal Structural Connection
119
5” Topping Slab Precast Concrete 'Superslab' 5" Dia. Cavity
7"
Reinforcing Steel Mesh Modified Wt12x52 Styrofoam, C.I.P. Balast 1/8" Bolt Aluminum Plate Snap In Acrylic Diffuser T3 Light Bulb
T3 Fluorescent 1'
Pre-Cast ‘Super Slab’ Section Detail
7" X 4" Rectangular Duct Topping Slab
1 3/4" Dia. Sprinkler Feed Pipe
Precast 'Super Slab'
5" 7"
5"
Wt 12x54 I-beam
1'-0 T3 Lighting Connection Between Flex Duct And Rect. Duct
Flex Duct
Hot/cold Pipe For Active Chilled Beam
Active Chilled Beam
Hot/cold Pipe For Active Chilled Beam 1 3/4" Dia. Sprinkler Feed Pipe 15" X 6" Main Duct To Mechanical Rooms Hot/cold Pipe For Active Chilled Beam 1 3/4" Dia. Sprinkler Feed Pipe Fire Sprinkler
Single ‘Superslab’ Short Section
15" X 6 Duct To Mech R 1 3/4 Sprinkler Fee Hot/col For Active Chilled
1 3/ Sprinkler Fee Fire Sp 1 3/4" Dia. Sprinkler Feed Pipe Fire Sprinkler
7” X 4 Duct Flex Duct To 4” X 7” 8' Long Ac Chilled Be Cast In Pl Aluminum
Cast In Place Aluminum Box 1 3/4" Dia. Sprinkler Feed Pipe Fire Sprinkler
Wt 12x54 I Beam
Wt 12x54 I Beam
120
Wt 12x54 I Beam Concrete Precast Superslab Fire Sprinkler 1 3/4” Dia Sprinkler Feed Pipe Wt 12x54 I Beam
7” X 4” Rect. Duct
Exposed For Connections During Installation Between Superslabs Topping Slab To Be Poured 15" X 6" Main After Installation uct To Mechanical See Specifications Rooms 1 3/4" Dia. rinkler Feed Pipe Hot/cold Pipe tive Chilled Beam
1 3/4" Dia. prinkler Feed Pipe Fire Sprinkler a. pe er
7” X 4” Rect. Duct Flex Duct Connection To 4” X 7” Rect .duct 8' Long Active Chilled Beam Cast In Place Aluminum Box
8' Long Active Chilled Beam Cast In Place Aluminum Box Flex Duct Connection To 4” X 7” Rect .duct 6” Dia. Flex Duct Hot/cold Pipes For Active Chilled Beam Fire Sprinkler 1 3/4” Dia Sprinkler Feed Pipe
Flex Duct Connection To 4” X 7” Rect. Duct 6” Dia. Flex Duct 4' Long Active Chilled Beam Cast In Place Aluminum Box
15" X 6" Main Duct To Mechanical Rooms 1 3/4" Dia. Sprinkler Feed Pipe Hot/cold Pipe For Active Chilled Beam
Cast In Place Aluminum Box Hot/cold Pipe For Actvie Chilled Beam 1 3/4" Dia. Sprinkler Feed Pipe 15" X 6" Main Duct To Mechanical Rooms Exposed For Connections During Installation Between Superslabs Topping Slab To Be Poured After Installation See Specifications
‘SuperSlab’ Single Span Axonometric
121
Core Studio II Bank
New York City
INVESTMENTOPIA: SPECTACLE AND RISK
The spectacle is capital accumulated to the point that it becomes image. -Guy Debord
A Double Agency
Market speculation can be fun for everyone: good for your health and for the environment: a veritable panacea for the malaise of everyday life and a welcome distraction. Investmentopia! perverts the logic of capital to produce a regulatory device, turning the bank into an info-tainment for the people. Simultaneously, it is integrated into an image cult(ure) of beauty sells a punitive regulation strategy back to the bank as a perk. Get fit and stay rich.
125
View From The South
Looking Up The Steps, To The Atm
Power Transmission
Air Handler Heat + Moisture Harvesting Vehicle Suspension Cable Uptake
Retractable Deployment Hatch
Secondary Gearing
Retracting Supply + Return Air Rigid Insulated Panel, Mirrored Interior Finish
Rigid Insulated Panel, Mirrored Interior Finish
Derailleur And Tensioner Two-way Mirror Hinged Glass Access Panel
Transfer Primary Gearing Insulated Structural Panel
Section 0ft
3ft
6ft
18ft 128
This system employs the core processes of investment banking to produce a spectacle for the benefit, and amusement, of an interested public. It de-mystifies the bank’s investment strategies and simultaneously limits its risk. An open public plaza and viewing area oriented towards viewing the spectacle of capitalism above, a cafÊ serving snacks and refreshments, and public bathrooms (the only truly shared space of unequivocal neutrality) serve the production and consumption of the spectacle.
Futures Futures 129
Futures Futures
+80ft
+ High Liquidity
+ Highly Leveraged
+20ft
+0ft Great Jones Elevation
Laf
The show is comprised of an active spatial matrix that visualizes the actual investment strategies of the bank and its relative liquidity and leveraging. This is realized through the use of pedal powered investment vehicles and the coupling of risk with consequent gear ratios, fueling both the building and the event. Thus, the vertical position within the event space indicates their risk and success ratio, which is informed by the actual condition of the pedaling banker, viewed through the two-way mirrored surfaces of the crystalline vehicles by the crowd gathered below, or on their way to the ATM.
Foreign Exchange Raw Materials Real Estate Bonds Stocks Options Futures
Lafayette Elevation
Development Drawings
132
Profit Inversion and Energy Production Punitive Regulation
Low Risk, High Liquidity High Energy Output: Maintains Suspension Sufficient Electrical Power
High Risk, Highly Leveraged Low Energy Output: Loss Of Suspension Lowered Position Dimmed Lighting
133
Great Jones
Lafayette
Lafayette Up
Up
Up
Up
Cafe
Up
Information/ Security
+0ft
Investor’s Elevator
Up
Public Toilets/Lobby Up Up
Custodian Command Center
Ground Level
134
Great Jones
Lafayette Up
Up
Up
Up
Reclined Viewing Areas
Seating, Typ. Up
Up
Trading Floor, Typ.
To Restrooms Lobby
Atm
s r
Up
Elevator
To Restrooms Lobby
Stair Core Up Reclined Viewing Areas
n r
+20ft
Stair Level 0ft 135
6ft
18ft
36ft
Great Jones
Lafayette Overhead Vehicle Suspension Cabling
Translucent Floors
Vehicle Suspension Cable Uptake
Flywheels And Power Distribution
Overhead Transmission Moveable Shade Screen
Servers
Air Pump/filter
Investment Vehicle
+80ft
Elevator
Dn Investor’s Lounge
Showers
Vehicle Docking Level 0ft
6ft
18ft
36ft 136
ent ors
And tion
ers
ator
ers
137
The spectacle is not a collection of images; rather, it is a social relationship between people that is mediated by images.
-Guy Debord
138
139
Food Research Institute
Core Studio I
Columbia’s Manhattanville Expansion
New York City
Public Food
North Elevation
The Vaulting Problem “During the last two millennia, each period has created its own form of vaulting interior space…each specific form of vaulting has almost become the symbol of its age… The hyper-paraboloid space frame offers a new starting point for the spatial imagination… its balance is always contained within itself and its hovering impression derives from its inner constitution.” -Sigfried Giedion Space, Time, and Architecture
Food research is beholden to the public: This is the primary organizational principle of the institute: the indispensability of public discourse and an open, accessible space for public inhabitation. The language of vaulting, historically rooted in New York City’s public spaces, is employed as a means to this end. From the flowing vaults and stairwells of Guastavino to the industrial language of the Riverside Viaduct, the curved line is found everywhere in the city and announces the intersecting spaces of institutional power and public resistance.
144
The design brief calls for 79,000 sq. ft. of programmed space. Elements of this program that can be considered public make up 33,000 sq ft, or 42% of the overall program allocation, while the single largest block of programming is dedicated to the laboratory. It is the public program that drives the formation of the building and requires that consideration be given to the surrounding neighborhood and its access to the food, ideas, and resources housed within the institution. The laboratories will be outfitted to engage with a wide array of agricultural strategies to better understand their strengths, weaknesses, and synergetic potentials. These include hydroponics, geoponics, and aquaponics. These synthetic systems can be implemented practically anywhere, however of particular importance to there execution is the supply of nutrients and water and the infrastructural control of energy. The structure of the building provides a secondary matrix of interstitial space that provides for just such a requirement (this is the space outside and in-between the intersecting spheroids). This experimental program will necessitate varied growth environments and laboratory space, as well as unscripted space for future experimentation. Many of these lab regions will necessitate environmental isolation for controlled experimentation, some including light, but others (most) will seek maximum sun exposure in the attempt to reduce inputs and make use of readily available energy. All cells with a southern exposure (primarily growth cells) are equipped with operable louvers, increasing the differentiated environmental control of each cellular environment.
145
Morphology: Having severed the peak of the vault and turned the body onto its side, the constitutional structural capacity is negated and the vault becomes an ornamental remnant, a form embellishing the new primary structure that is the tensile members. And yet, these members require the framework of the severed vault to remain aloft; they are an incomplete structure without it. This interdependency of systems straddles an unclear boundary between structure and ornament. The structural vault is abstracted and re-presented, yet still plays a real structural role in the newly derived, interdependent system: the occupiable ornament.
146
147
Cafe
Public Toilets
Seed Vault Reception
Lecture Hall
Ground Level
148
Teaching Kitchen Dining Hall
Meeting Spaces
Vault Access
Meeting Space
Classrooms
Level 1 n 0ft 149
10ft
30ft
60ft
East Elevation
150
The Institute will appropriate the Riverside Viaduct as productive agricultural land. This will provide an on-site, traditional agricultural reference point and baseline comparative standard for future food production experimentation as well as a new civic green space and the buildings physical connection will create a public, pedestrian circulation point midway along the viaduct.
151
152
153
154
155
After Briget Riley
Advanced Curtain Wall Bridget Riley: Rough Stripe Study, 1981
The project is conceived as a deceptive, fluctuating object, based on Bridet Riley’s Rough Stripe Study of 1981. At first glance, one will discern a smooth, discrete object protruding from the continuous street fronts. This smooth glass box is constituted by a grid of structurally glazed, insulated glass units, broken only by a colorful array of aluminum fins that visually form a multicolored plane floating just off the surface of the box. The glazing will receive both a reflective coating and a gridded fritting that serve to visually unify the building scale and the secondary unit scale. The interior experience of the façade is different during the day. The colored fins slice the views out into multiple vertical shafts, each colored differently by the light reflecting off the fins and spilling into the space creating a variegated color wheel across interior surfaces. What is understood as an object from the exterior becomes an activated interior interplay of color and void. The simplicity of the plane and the box dissolves at night and the relationships reverse. Interior light spills colorfully through the fins and the floor separations, barely distinguishable during the day, break the box into three horizontal bands. The object is dissolved, while the interior experience becomes solidified, the disrupting fins having no visual effect on the space.
158
159
5
A1
EQ.
EQ.
EQ.
4 12'-4"
EQ.
EQ.
C EQ.
EQ.
2'-0 5/8"
A1
A2
2'-2 1/2"
EQ.
2'-3"
2'-2 1/4"
160
7
F
2'-0 5/8"
F 6"
5 3/4" 1"
5"
9" 8 9
11 3" 2 1/2" 12
2 7/8"
13
1 5/8" 6 1/8"
E 14
Annotations 1. Painted aluminum panel 2. Cantilevered 1/4� aluminum parapet glazing unit support 3. Access hole in concrete parapet, to be infilled post curtain wall installation 4. Painted, fixed aluminum louver 5. 1/8� Aluminum channel with rigid insulation 6. Lapped joint for louver support arm, bolted in field with flush mount aluminum 7. Typical horizontal mullion 8. Weather seal 9. Air seal 10. Splice plate 11. Factory installed, louver stabilizing tab 12. Factory installed louver support arm connection 13. Integrated heating coil 14. C.I.P. concrete slab with 1� topping slab 15. Frit pattern 161
10 1" 5 1/2" E
4 1/2"
1
1
2
3 4 5 6
Annotations 1. Painted aluminum panel 2. Cantilevered 1/4� aluminum parapet glazing unit support 3. Access hole in concrete parapet, to be infilled post curtain wall installation 4. Painted, fixed aluminum louver 5. 1/8� Aluminum channel with rigid insulation 6. Lapped joint for louver support arm, bolted in field with flush mount aluminum 7. Typical horizontal mullion 8. Weather seal 9. Air seal 10. Splice plate 11. Factory installed, louver stabilizing tab 12. Factory installed louver support arm connection 13. Integrated heating coil 14. C.I.P. concrete slab with 1� topping slab 15. Frit pattern 162
15
7" 1" 4 3/8"
3/4" 3/8" 1/8" 1/4"
2 5/8" 1 5/16"
4 6"
163
6"
5" 1" 5/16"
9"
164
The curtain wall is organized into 12’- 4” floor to floor unitized system, with each 2’3” wide unit then broken down into a grid of individual, structurally glazed secondary units. The anodized aluminum mullions of each sub unit within the primary floor-to-floor units are mitered at their corners to create a visual separation of units and to express the grid on the both the interior and exterior. The mitering is accomplished by simply cutting back the thermally broken portion of the mullion, which maintains the structural continuity of the unit. This technique allows the ease of construction offered by unitization to be taken advantage of while dissolving the visual distinction of the primary units. These units of units are evenly distributed across the façade, the grid disrupted only by a minimal 2 - 7/8” gap at the stack joint to receive the support arms of the external, painted aluminum fins. The edge units are modified to wrap around this gap and contain it within the region of the fins, maintaining the continuity of the grid as it wraps the corners of the building. The primary units incorporate a factory installed support arm that is then field connected to the corollary support tab on the aluminum fins using a lap joint and flush mount bolts. The fins incorporate an extended stabilizing tab that inserts into the bottom of the corresponding upper fin providing a near seamless visual continuity for the fins, which run vertically across two full floors, plus 4’ extensions at their base and at the parapet. Along with the structural supports for the exterior fins, the stack joint accommodates the floor to floor tolerances of the system with a three axis adjustable slab anchor. It also incorporates a heating coil that runs the length of the façade. Thus, the myriad demands placed upon the system are concentrated in a single unit joint, allowing the rest of the system more freedom to perform visually, keeping the final design as closely dedicated to re-presenting Bridget Riley’s painting as built form as possible. The end result is a gridded, glass box behind a floating field of colored stripes.
165
Core Studio 1
Water Research Facility
East River, New York City
A VESSEL FOR ONE
166
Keel
Tether
167
Hydro-Kinetic Turbine
Paravane Mobilized data collection instrument
The vessels glow with a color linked to water quality, publicizing the information
A vessel for a solitary researcher. This research may take many forms: observation, data collection, poetic interpretation, tourism, etc. The vessel is defned by an octahedron of occupiable surfaces inscribed within the sphere, each quadrant providing a necessary component for the provisions of research: observation, data interpretation, resting, cooking, defecating, and entering. The desired quadrant is reached by manually rotating the vessel into position. Techno-utopia wrapped into a multidimensional claustrophobia: the illusion of control.
observation/qualitative research quad
feeding quad
toilet quad
entry quad
Plans
168
Resting Quad
Transparent Quad
Transparent Quad
Computing Nook
0ft 169
1ft
2ft
4ft
8ft
Bed
Door
Entry Quadrant
170
Hand Grip
Door
0ft 171
1ft
3ft
6ft
Privacy Screen
Hand Grip
Urine Diverting, Extrudable Composting Toilet
Methane Capture
Toilet Quadrant
172
Solid Waste Anaerobic Digester Urine Tank
0ft 173
1ft
3ft
6ft
Fold-Out Hot Plate and Seating
Hand Grip Methane Capture Delivered for Heating and Cooking
Feeding Quadrant
174
Computing Nook
Quantitative Research 0ft 175
1ft
3ft
Vacuum Seals
Door
Felted Surfaces Throughout
Bed
A Thin Layer of Water Maintains Buoyancy and Minimal Friction
Resting Quadrant With keel
176
R-6ft
Transparency
Retractable Shades
Electromagnetic Stabilizers
Ballast
Ballast
Hydro-Kinetic Turbine
Ballast
Qualitative Research With Keel 0ft 177
1ft
3ft
6ft
Architectural Drawing and Representation II Michael Young, critic
PAPER SPACE
180
Series I
181
Tilt. Pan. Roll. We draw with computers and simulated cameras. Model Space becomes cinematic space. The medium is still the message. Tilt. Pan. Roll. Snap. Series I of the Paper Space drawings explores representational techniques in the process of shifting from a consciouness of the object drawn to a consciousness of the mechanizisms employed in drawing. Pushing the digital apparatus until it breaks, the drawings seek the moment when the simulated camera sees too much, the moment that its machine vision blurs, when its eyes roll back in its head and the floors wrap across impossible space to meet the ceiling.
182
Series I
183
184
Series II
185
186
Screens deceive. Screens depend. Flickers too fast to follow. The second series in the Paper Space drawings explore the embodied experience of the screen. TIlt your head, change your position and contrast, brightness, hue, and saturation all shift. Series II explores ways to translate these digital phenomena into ink, paper and acetate.
Series II
187
Produced in Conjunction with the NYC DDC Town & Gown 2012-2013
Private Infrastructure
Knowing Cities New York City
from T&G 2012-2013: Michael Schissel, a graduate student working with the Spatial Information Design Lab, mapped the city’s utility road cut permit data from 2008 to 2012 to illustrate the intensity of utility cuts across the city over time, providing another lens for practitioners to consider policy, practice and design options based on intensity of activity by location. The data is visualized in two ways. The larger maps show the aggregate density of road cut permits issued over the available time range. The Permit Density map shows overlaid data for all permit types and recipients.
190
191
The Private | Public map filters the data to compare the distribution of permits received by government contract and with those received by private utility companies. The smaller, inset maps isolate areas of high intensity discovered through the density mapping. These enlarged areas visualize the data quantitatively for both street and intersection permit locations, as intersections tend to have higher collateral costs due to traffic disruption. The city’s current recursive collective action roadway paradigm creates negative externalities that can be translated quantitatively into costs that cannot otherwise be avoided. Some of these unavoidable costs, such as repeated roadway repairs and roadway reconstruction projects that cannot approach their technical useful lives, are financed at the municipal level by taxpayers. Other unavoidable costs, such as repeated repairs to and expansion of private utility infrastructure (both of which require digging into and repairing the roadway) and protecting existing utility infrastructure during the City’s roadway reconstruction projects, are financed by many of the same people or entities, but this time as utility ratepayers. The following infographic map, along with the legal investigations, provides the take-off point for the next action research set.
192
193
N
E W
Y O
R
K
S
T
E
A
M
14,827 ROA D-CU T P ERM IT S IS S U ED 2 0 0 8 -2 0 1 2
NYC DRINKING WATER
T Y P ES
74th St Station
CON-ED
Ravenswood Station, Queens
ST EA M ( 2 , 6 3 5 P ER M I T S) H I G H V O LT A G E M A N H O LE GAS COMMUNICATIONS
59th St Station
1,600,000 GALLONS PER HOUR PEAK
GOV’T (3,216 STEAM OVERLAPS) PAVING SEW ER S T R A F F I C LI G H T S T EST P I T S A N D B O R ES T R A N SI T T U N N EL R EH A B
POWER CABLE WATER ABANDONED
B OI L E R
STEAM
1 2 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 Lb s /h o u r G AS
H EAT BYPROD UC T RE-CAPTURE
GAS
CO-GENERATION – THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY
East River Station TRANSIT
E L E CT R ICIT Y SEWER
FURN A C E
Contract Steam: Brooklyn Navy Yard
Legend
Gov’t Utility Overlap
Steam Related Permit Locations
Total Permits Issued
Consolidated Edison Largest Consumer of NYC Drinking Water
Generation Plants
1878 Steam Mains
0 .125 .25
.5
.75
Miles 1
¨
1890
“ . . . To d e l i v e r s a f e , r e l i a b l e , e ffi c -ConEd, Steam Long Rang
194
A
M Scale and Efficiency Central
105 Miles of Steam Mains 5 Generation Plants High Maintenance Lo w Se a s o n a l A d a p t a b i l i t y Interconnected Network 7 0 % -7 4 % Ef f i c i e n c y Lo w e r Em i s s i o n s Accounts for 6% of C o n -Ed O p e r a t i n g R e v e n u e
Distributed
vs 1,800 + Hydronic Boilers
Lo w M a i n t e n a n c e Se a s o n a l A d a p t a b i l i t y N o t N e t w o r ke d , I n c r e m e n t a l C h a n g e H i g h e r Em i s s i o n s 8 2 % Ef f i c i e n c y
E nd t o e n d e fficie ncy is d e fin e d a s t h e t ot a l a mou n t of e n e rgy u se d ( e le ct rica l a n d t h e rma l) by a cu st ome r d ivid e d by t h e t ot a l fu e l inpu t . *Con-e d
WER BLE TER
NED
1 Unit Water in = 1 Unit Condensate Out
GAS
W . I . S. O . R .
W e l d i n g a n d In s p e c t i o n St e a m O p e r a t i o n s R o b o t .
H o n e yb e e C o r p o r a t i o n i s contracted to design and construct a steam main repair and maintenance robot.
NSIT
Centralized Distribution Decentralized Recovery
WER
17 EXPLOSIONS SINCE 1989
1890
1914
e l i a b l e , e ffi c i e n t , c o m p e t i t i v e l y p r i c e d , a n d Long Range Plan, 2010
1930
1932.
Promotional Publication F i f t y y e a r s o f N e w Yo r k S t e a m S e r v i c e : T h e Story of the Founding and Development of A Public Utility
1937
1999
2007 2008
c l e a n e n e r g y t o c u s t o m e r s w h i l e p r o v i d i n g a f a i r r e t u r n t o s h a r e h o l d e r s .” SO URCE S: Con -E d , Ne w York Time s, Got ha m Ga ze t t e , “The Works” by K a t e Asche r, “Fift y Ye a rs of Ne w York St e a m Se rvice , ASHR AE
195
Economies, Development, and Mega Games Workshop . Summer 2013
The Capital of Rio Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Pop The Bubble
Built of reinforced concrete in 1980, the heavy, mass positive station consists of battered, solid concrete walls on the north and south ramping up to cast-in-place concrete roof beams. It is surrounded by a thin scattering of typical urban furniture and park amenities. Barbed wire abounds. The building itself opens only on the east and west ends, bifurcating the site along this axis. The north and south sides of the station are edged by large, sharp, uninviting stones, filling most of the few shaded areas of the site, and battered concrete walls giving the structure the feel of a bunker. This bifurcated organization extends outward from the site. The north edge meets Cidade Nova, a new development with multiple large scale corporate campuses and little commercial activity. Most notably, there is a new modular building that houses the International Olympic Committee headquarters. The modular building anticipates the temporary reality of Olympic development, sitting lightly on its site with the expectation that it will be deconstructed and moved upon the closing of the games. The south edge is lined with multiple small commercial enterprises: food markets, furniture stores, hardware stores, and street vendors.
New Metro
Cidade Nova New Olympic HQ
ses
sines
ll Bu
Sma
Morro S達o Carlos
0
100
200
Site Analysis
feet meters
400 m
2000
800
N
198
“We will use the building according to the Committee’s growth demands and, in the end, it will be possible to dismantle the structure, to reuse it elsewhere.” President of the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) for the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games, Carlos Arthur Nuzman. The Rio Times March 12, 2013 The UN indicates that housing prices have increased 165 percent over the past three years in Rio de Janeiro. In addition the rate at which average Rio property prices have risen over the past five years is four times greater than that at which average wages have gone up. The explosion of Rio’s real estate market can be attributed to various factors. A boom in the petroleum industry, Brazil’s emerging middle class hungry to buy property, lower interest rates on loans, and the prospect of hosting the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics in 2016 have increased demand and stoked up prices. The Rio Times April 30, 2013 “Brazilian Protests Concern Olympic committee” What began in Sao Paulo as a protest against transit fare hikes has become a widespread outpouring of anger and disgust over high taxes and corrupt politicians who are spending an estimated $30 billion on next year’s soccer World Cup and the Olympics at the expense of housing, health, and education. Boston Globe, June 25, 2013
New Olympic HQ affic n Tr
stria
ede
tP Ligh
Rio Prefeitura Partially Shaded Seating
Football Basketball
Shaded Seating
Amphitheatre Shade
Skate Park
H
0
199
25
50
feet meters
100 m
trian
edes
P eavy
ic Traff
700 200
N
Indicators
The physical capital of Estacio is formally repellent and defensive. The structure anticipates violence. This defensive strategy squanders the attempts to accumulate social capital through the expenditure of physical capital in the form of park amenities. The presence of the fortified municipal facility further alienates potential occupants. The station seems to say, “get in, get out; do not linger. Or better yet, just use the Cidade Nova station to the north, it is safer there anyway.â€? Recent evidence in nearby favelas indicate that the gentrification of the favelas is immanent and the dislocation of the residents a near certainty. EstĂĄcio is a few steps behind, due to its lack of ocean views and the undesirability of nearby amenities. Economic Capital = Physical Capital + Social Capital Reorganizing the physical capital present on the site and expending the social capital of the surrounding community will generate the necessary environment to attract new economic capital.
Diagnosis
200
201
Question Can the station’s physical capital be consumed and reorganized to force a fast paced gentrification of the sight and the surrounding low income neighbourhood, associating the metro station more closely with the glittering IOC to the north and cultivating the appearance of gentrification? Can this hyper-inflation of real estate valuation set the stage for an economic coup d’état – a sudden reversal of capital flow?
Thesis This strategy hinges on the temporary intensification of Olympic development and the anticipated deconstruction of the modular IOC building. The sudden abandonment by this anchor tenant will create the conditions necessary to re-direct the flow of capital accumulation to the south moments before the Olympic bubble (predictably) bursts. These machinations also rely on the social capital of a tight knit community to maintain the appearance of the typical processes of gentrification. By generating a speculative real estate bubble and exploiting the Olympic fervour to force a fast paced gentrification of the site, the historically disempowered community is placed in the advantageous position, able to exit the market at its highest point. If the bubble is anticipated, the flow of economic capital can be re-directed moments before it bursts, placing a maximized economic capital gain in the hands of communities overlooked and/or marginalized by Olympic development.
202
+$R
Municipality, Olympic Committee, Speculators
Media Attention
Ioc Removal
Int’l Real Estate Speculation
General Abandonment Station/site Renovations
Risk Oblivious Artists
+$R
Cafes
Bicycle Enthusiasts
Local Sell Off
Local Buy Back
Residents Of Estácio And Morro São Carlos
New Olympic HQ
Partially Shaded Seating
Amphitheatre Shade
Skate Park
0
203
25
50
feet meters
100 m
700 200
N
Stages
+ (machinations)
+
Accumulation is unidirectional. This direction always coincides with the location of existing capital. This directionality of capital flow relies on the knowledge-power of risk assessment and market prediction. Recent events in the global market have revealed that risk is frequently minimized by rigging the market. If the market can be rigged on a global scale, and it can certainly be rigged at the scale of a neighbourhood. There are only two ways to redirect the accumulation of capital towards existing capital: we can regulate the market from above, or we can rig it from behind. The fundamental problem in today’s world is that of unrelenting capital accumulation and the extraordinary asymmetries of money and political power that are embedded in that process... – David Harvey
Argument
204
1
2
3
4
5
6
$R
POP! SELL
vendemos!
7
8
9
1. Removal of Prefeitura, sports fields, and perimeter fence 2. Bisect site with pedestrian/bicycle path connecting towards Cidade Nova footbridge 3. Remove battered walls from station and support with piloti 4. Remove barbed wire from roof edge, maintain partial batter for roof access for graffiti 5. Appropriate playground equipment for a new sculpture park 6. Street markets, art festivals, etc. 7. Social Capital of a tight-knit community 8. An organized a sell off in the winter of 2015-2016 9. Deconstruction of the modular IOC HQ.
Elements
205
ESTOURA A BOLHA
Estação Estácio
CAPITAL OF RIO DE JANIEIRO’S BUILT FORM
A GAME ON URBAN RE-DENSIFICATION
GSAPP LATIN LAB SUMMER WORKSHOP | AUGUST 2013 | NEW YORK | RIO DE JANEIRO | SAO PAULO
INSTRUCTORS: ALEJANDRO DE CASTRO, FRANCISCO DÍAZ STUDENTS: LINGJUN BU, YIWEN CHEN, PEIQIN GU, LEAH GUSZOWSKY, HANNAH MARCUS, CALLIE NEW, MAYA PORATH, NATALIE QUINN, MICHAEL SCHISSEL, ALEJANDRO STEIN, MICAH STROUP, ZHEWU ZHUANG.
Urban Horticulture Workshop, Spring 2013 Project Team
Sissily Harrell, Andrew Maier III, Vahe Markosian Diego Rodriguez, Michael Schissel
GSAPP Lab for Applied Building Science Kymenlaakson University Of Applied Sciences, Kouvola, Finland
Crop Line
210
After spending several months developing our concept and testing prototypes in the GSAPP LABS, we set out for Finland. In 5 days we fabricated a working proof-ofconcept, full scale model of our project. The driving idea behind the Crop Line was the desire to utilize the unused, or previously unusable, spaces in the urban fabric to grow food, while still creating a means to access the individual plants efficiently. The Crop Line distributes a crop throughout the space above the city streets. It can wrap around corners, jump between buildings, or go just about anywhere, but the plants will always come back to you, the urban farmer, on the circuitous path pulley system.
211
212
213
Urban Planning Studio Gut Renovation . Summer 2012 Project Team
Nathan Carter and Mark Taylor, directors Eileen Chen, Jacob Esocoff, Michelle Ku, Andrew Maier III, Zack Mauer, Michelle Mortenson, Arkadiusz Piegdon, Maya Porath, Michael Schissel
Lab for Applied Building Science GSAPP, New York City
Construction
216
217