Michael Southern // Architecture Portfolio by Michael Southern

MICHAEL SOUTHERN 110127381

15 16 SEMESTER 1

ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO MArch Stage 5

CHARETTE WEEK 2015: ‘Aural Dynamics’

PLAN ROTTERDAM: ‘City as Platform’

ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO MICHAEL SOUTHERN 110127381 ARC8050 Newcastle University School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape Semester 1 2015/2016 March Stage 5

- DESIGN REPORT Semester One

The first semester of the Masters programme has provided the opportunity to develop upon interests and particular themes that have emerged since the conclusion of the Undergraduate degree. For myself the most intriguing theme has been anti-globalisation. Several months prior to the degree commencing I found myself sat in a Starbucks café just outside the main centre of Bangkok. This café held all the common characteristics of a Starbucks in England, the global branding so easily recognisable, the same seating, even the same arrangement of pictures adorned the walls. The air-con made the space a welcome retreat from the outside heat, providing ample thermal comfort. While sat there I looked out of the window. Rubbish lined the street. Mopeds flew by. I could see the heat of the mid-day sun beating down upon the street food carts. This contrast provided a formative experience in my current thinking. Why is the West seemingly forcing its influence on other cities? My particular interest is in cultural traditions and vernacular architecture. A city in the heart of Asia, such as Bangkok, should obviously not be the same as Newcastle. It has cultural traditions developed over thousands of years of which have made it the city it is today. Yet globalisation seems to be eradicating these cultural traditions at an alarming rate. It is this anti-globalisation stance of which has formed a large part of my first semester’s intervention. Rotterdam provided the site for the semesters work. With the city largely destroyed in 1940 by the Luftwaffe this is now a new city, a 60 year old city. A city still posing questions of what it will be. Will it become the cosmopolitan city is seems to be edging towards? This question of what the city will become has proved highly entertaining for the studios with each of us being able to completely re-imagine an entire city, in the process creating our own sense of Utopia for Rotterdam. ‘The second largest City in the Netherlands with 1.3 million inhabitants.’ [Extract form project brief]. GA2 // 2.7 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.2 ¦ GC7 // 7.2 ¦

For myself I struggled to see evidence of the ‘real Rotterdam.’ We struggled to find local food, local entertainment, a sense of what Rotterdam is rather than what architects and urban planners want it to be. The statement, ‘money is earned in Rotterdam, distributed in Den Haag and spent in Amsterdam’ proved true. Rotterdam was one of the most money orientated cities I have experience. Through exploring the notion of a city my understanding and ability to read Rotterdam was enhanced. In conjunction with this my critical analysis of the idea of the city allowed me to form my own opinions of what a city should be. My idea of what a city should be, my own personal utopia, was heavily influence by an antiglobalisation stance. Through my research I became influenced further by the work of urban visionary projects, un-built work that looked to completely redefine the city. Works such as ‘Plug in City,’ by Archigram; ‘Potteries Thinkbelt,’ by Cedric Price; and ‘Walls of Change,’ by Lebeus Woods. The Plan Rotterdam brief gave the perfect opportunity to test out new ideas. The brief centred on the urban fabric of Rotterdam. Through group work we were to develop a master plan for the city in response to our studios critical analysis of the city. Building on from the group work we were to develop our own individual intervention into the City responding to the group study. The following work presented in this portfolio looks to take the reader through the semesters. It is worth noting that the anti-globalisation approach spoken of here has manifested itself in a celebration of Rotterdam. A celebration of the diversity found in the area studied, a celebration of what makes Rotterdam different. An example of how Rotterdam can remain unique and offer a something different. A city for the people. A city by the people.

- CONTENT 01 CHARRETTE WEEK 2015 05 PLAN ROTTERDAM ‘Aural Dynamics’

NB. The following annotation system is used to indicate work undertaken after the final crit. For a full list of work undertaken refer to page 82. New Work Amended Work

‘City as Platform’

07 15

Mapping

Individual Intervention

Platform Definition

- CHARRETTE WEEK 2015 Group Work

SPECTACLE/MATERIAL/RESISTANCE: Aural Dynamics

Charrette Week - An intensive design week within the school looking to bring all years together within the Architecture Planning and Landscape department. This years charrette looked to respond to the brief regarding the terms ‘Spectacle, Material and Resistance.’ ‘Led jointly by an architect and composer, [this studio] will be an interdisciplinary investigation into the interactions between space and sound. Our studio will engage with both sides of the binary - creating both a space and an aural tapestry that are interdependent and profoundly symbiotic.’ [Extract from project brief] With each group being given a material to focus in on and a musical instrument to respond to we were given, Timber and the saxophone. We responded to the given brief by developing the installation shown on the left. This timber structure engaged the spectator by providing them the tools to produce their own music: Paper trumpets, xylophones along with other makeshift instruments. The musician was to respond to the notes played by viewers and add his own score above this. The structure provided a vista creating a link between the musician and user at the desired moment. It is this vista that is shown on the left. GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 / 2.6 ¦ GC1 //1.3 ¦ GC // 3.1 / 3.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ [Adjacent page: Final Aural Dynamics installation during performance. Credit - Newcastle University available at https://www.facebook.com/newcastleuniversity/photos/].

- PLAN ROTTERDAM The City as Platform

What is a platform..? This is something that is still largely up for debate and interpretation. In response to the growing problem of what the role of the architect will be in the future, this studio looks to use the idea of platforms as a way of reinterpreting the role of the architect; as a way of thinking about the city as more than just buildings. ‘It is the architecture of the underlying immaterial ‘platforms’ - The operating systems of the city - its rules, regulations, frameworks, social mores, systems, etiquette, traditions, networks, legislation, and so on, that is most influential and important to get right and that will have the biggest influence on the design of the city.’ [Extract for project brief] This research-by-design studio looks to provide its own answer to the question, ‘what is a platform?’ and then will go on to design interventions based around the concept of platforms. Rotterdam, a city of excitement for architects, a new city - reconstructed after its bombing during 1940 by the Luftwaffe, a city where innovation and reinterpretation is actively encouraged. It is in the Rijnhaven basin of the city where we located our platform. The basin shows distinct signs of gentrification. From the built up wealthy areas of the North including skyscrapers from the ‘Starchitects’ Koolhaas, Foster, Piano and Siza to the Katendrecht - the historical home of Rotterdam - once the red light district and an area deemed to dangerous for the Nazis to enter. The studio began by ‘mapping’ the Rijnhaven while on site in Rotterdam. When back in Newcastle we went on to study the idea of platforms and went on to design our own platform for the Rijnhaven; all the time working as a cooperative with the idea that the studio itself was operating as a platform. It is from this group platform that we all went on to base our own individual interventions into Rotterdam.

- MAPPING Individual Work

‘‘MAPPING IS A FANTASTIC CULTURAL PROJECT, CREATING AND BUILDING THE WORLD AS MUCH AS MEASURING AND DESCRIBING IT.’’

(James Corner)

Site analysis took on a different form for this project. Analysis was conducted through mapping the Rijnhaven. With each member of the group focusing in on a different theme, as a collective, we gained a complete and in depth analysis into the site. Individual maps were able to be overlaid onto others encouraging us to look for points of interest in the site and establish why these similarities occurred. Mapping practices allow the user to interact in a different way with their site with the aim of ‘uncovering realities previously unseen or unimagined.’ A map, in the common known sense, is just a ‘tracing’ it shows what is real, what is known, the physical attributes. Mapping differs in that it adds another (or several other) layers of narrative onto the tracing, using this original tracing in its intended form or an abstract representation to locate the reader. ‘This instrumental function is particularly important in a world where it is becoming increasingly difficult to both imagine and actually to create anything outside of the normative.’ (James Corner) Through conducting this mapping exercise I found that I interacted with the chosen site in a new way. Through having a chosen theme to focus in on I developed more focus in my investigations. GA2 // 2.4 ¦ GC2 // 2.1 ¦ GC5 // 5.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ GC7 // 7.3 ¦ [Left: Found graffiti on East elevation of ‘Fenix 2’ warehouse].

[All: Found graffiti and written word from within the Rijnhaven basin. Middle Right: ‘Planemy’ meaning flames. Bottom Left: Psalm 16:8, ‘I keep my eyes always on the Lord, with him at my right hand, I will not be shaken.’]

‘‘A MIX BETWEEN PEOPLE WHO HAVE ALWAYS LIVED HERE, OLD HARBOUR WORKERS, IMMIGRANTS, YOUNG FAMILIES MOVING HERE WANTING SOMETHING DIFFERENT, IT’S QUITE QUIET, THERE’S A LITTLE PUB, A SMALL TOWN FEELING BUT MORE OPEN MINDED.’’

(Christina Boots, Fenix Food Factory)

The written word and the spoken word constitute the theme for the given map. Whether in the form of graffiti on the side of a building, a sticker on the back of a bench or in the form of a conversation, words were ever-present within the basin. The methodology involved formed two parts. Firstly, documenting any found word non-dependent of language or meaning in the form of an image. Secondly, recording any conversations or interactions with people while in the area through voice recordings. Through translating all the raw data into the English language it became evident the wide range of languages present in the basin. From Old Chinese to Afrikaans. In order to map this information I decided to recreate the physical geography of the site into the simple shape of the circle. The circle is representative of the basin as well as a representation of my journey when mapping. Graphically, water is represented in black. From here the inner most ring of text gives the street names helping to geographically ground the map. Consequently the next ring of text gives the names of landmark places helping to orientate the reader. From here coloured rings are used in relation to the key at the bottom to indicate found patterns. Patterns in both the method of representation along with patterns in the meaning of the found words. A subsequent ring of text at the outside provides examples of the words found allowing others to use the data to draw their own conclusions. GA2 // 2.2 / 2.4 ¦ GC2 // 2.1 / 2.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ GC7 // 7.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Final mapping produced - Rijnhaven Language].

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- PLATFORM DEFINITION Group Work

‘‘A PLATFORM ENABLES USER-DEFINED OUTCOMES AND ENCOURAGES INNOVATIVE PARTICIPATION. PLATFORMS ARE INDISCRIMINATELY ACCESSIBLE AND NON-PRESCRIPTIVE, BUT USE PARAMETERS TO FACILITATE AND ANTICIPATE ACTION. THEY EVOLVE THROUGH FEEDBACK, RESULTING IN CONNECTIONS AMONGST USERS AND PLATFORMS.’’

(Platform Definition)

Following on from our on-site mapping exercise we now, as a collaborative, conducted a desktop study into the area of the Rijnhaven basin. Covering the whole basin we conducted research into political, economic and social factors from both the current day and the past. We looked into current legislation in Rotterdam and the future plans for the area. All of this research led to the production of a newspaper as a celebration of both the research and the mapping exercises undertaken. Defining what a platform is was the next task for the studio. In order to do this we looked into both writings on the subject along with case studies of current examples of platforms. A writing by Sean Dockray proved highly influential. He writes about platforms ‘anticipating future action,’ and the relation of autonomy versus dependence in the design of platforms. While texts such as this led us to find characteristics of platforms, case studies provided us a greater level of independent analysis into the nature of platforms. Case studies varied greatly from digital platforms such as the internet and kickstarter to spatial platforms such as pavilions through to lego and music as platforms. As a studio we went through all our case studies and were able to compile a list of common characteristics shared by these platforms. It is through these characteristics that we were able to answer the question, ‘what if a platform?’ As a result we were able to determine our own definition of a platform. This definition was to be continually re-defined as our understanding of platforms grew through the studio. This final definition is given above. GA2 // 2.4 ¦ GC2 // 2.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ GC7 // 7.1 / 7.3 ¦ [Adjacent page: Platform research as presented at Symposium event.]

PLATFORM DEVELOPMENT Platform

Establishment

Components

Outcome

Rijnhaven proposal

Local currency Negative interest, -2%/3mths Stimulates small frequent transactions Prevents accumulation of wealth

Chiemgauer (local currency)

Currency

Alternative economy

Time currency skills-sharing

Echo (time based currency)

Internet platform marketplace

Bitcoin

Direct client-provider communication

Sustainability

Open source P2p currency Recilient and Decentralised Completely digital currency

Energy Generating Path

Social capital

Free stuff community

User-Maker

Brooklyn Superhero Supply Co Couch Surfing

Pro-bono work by professionals Personal tutoring Hybrid venue Partly free online user-provider matching service Lifestyle based community Global community

Hergebruik, Rotterdam FabLab The Hub

Upcycling product design Mix of commerce & education Embedding assets in the community Assembled designs made from re-used objects People initiative manufacturing Professional mentoring Tools and workshop provided Professional and amateur sharing of space Pro-bono work by professionals Rent paid by the hour, not by space Extended usage of premises = low rent Peer to peer learning Host monitoring and welcoming newcomers Sociable atmosphere Adaptable open plan space, user-influencible

Promotion movement

Micro-business entrepreneurship

Social cohesion

App

Space activation

User-maker Vertical Farming Local network

Latent capacity use

Streetlife Nightlife Decentralised system

Incremental value-adding Public Square “Servant leadership”

Co-production partnership

Alternative lifestyle

Aquatic Farming

Public participation

Delight

Social housing area

Incremental & iterative growth processes

Developer-local community group collaboration Building visual impact, generating interest Educational centre Activation of public spaces Sustainable local economy promotion Direct lobbying of landowners Low-cost exploitation of dead space Participative citizenship

Edible Incredible

Local Currency

Eco services

Optimised usage of premises Community based performing arts project Low rent alternative Living-teaching establishment Professional cluster Holistic range of services (ethical) Community trust and particiation Embedding assets in the community Registered charity Self-proclaimed autonomous neighbourhood Direct democracy, one person one vote Resident law enforcement Stimulate start-up business Skills-sharing Micro-financing Sustainable energy production Developer-local community group collaboration Green energy rebate Income generating energy production Lease based on “anti-squatting” license Mini-clusters of like-minded Open-plan workshop and co-working space Public workshops on the pavement Exhibition space Attractive way of living and doing Temporary building partnerships Self-commissioning Negotiate collective finance arrangement with mortgage lender Preferential arrangement to encourage building cooperatives over standard developers Flexible masterplan Small plots for development Public to produce their own homes through collaboration Municipality as civic entrepreneur Sites sold as “area average” price rather than to the higherst bidder Allow higher density to enable affordability

YardArts, Bristol Bromley by Bow Christiania Fintry Development Trust Tubingen

Collaborative collectives

Local regulatory framework

Plurality of values and outcomes

Growth through networks Bicycle connection Local business entrepreneurship

Pre-fab elements Incomplete structures Customisable end result

Architecture

Strengthening local business

Value increase over time

Alejandro Aravena, Chile Neil Sutherlands Architects

Locally sourced materials Transport emission saving Apprenticeships

Community development

Innovation lab Direct negotiations with food producers Seasonal menus Helping local producers with accreditation Carbon saving

Nottingham University Hospital

Partnerships

Raised nutritional value & food standards

One Love City

Including environmental cost in tender criteria Open slots for impromptu events Gallery-hotel, Dual purpose establishment Public sector, private business & community organisations partnership Curated and coordinated boutiques

Pop-up business

Short-term tenants Bikini Haus

Flexible modular box system made from wood 5 available box sizes, 19-29 m sq Business testing opportunity

Alternative economy An alternative economy based on a local currency stimulates spending within the area and allows the owners of the curency to regulate goods and services for trade.

Incremental value-adding The idea of many smaller investments over time and gradual improvements on a small scale that leads up to a holistic improvement over time.

Sustainability To be sustainable means to meet the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

“Servant leadership” Larger bodies with insight, power and overview aid smaller actors to achieve their goals through coaching, mentoring and supplying guidelines and frameworks.

Social capital The pattern and intensity of networks among people and the shared values which arise from those networks. Other definitions include community spirit, citizenship, 'neighbourliness', social networks and civic participation.

Co-production partnership Knowledge and competence collaboration, sometimes just for a specific job, designed to optimise efficiency and affordability.

Local regulatory framework

Eco services

What participants need to comply with codes of practice – a code of practice can amplify any economic standard and regulate participants’ compliance to maintain those targets.

The sum of benefits people derive from ecosystems. This is the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and the relationship between ecological functions and ecosystem services.

Alternative lifestyle

Public participation

Delight

Most notably a lifestyle that breaks with ruling global market forces and rejects the goods from the mainstream of the supply chain.

The ability for the general public to become engaged co-creators and interact creatively with their surrounding beyond the consumer role.

Delivering the unexpected. A measure of positive surprise.

Micro-business entrepreneurship Often sole traders or family businesses, these entrepreneurs contribute heavily to the diversity of the city and help create identity and even branding of a place.

Social cohesion

Space activation

User-maker

Latent capacity use

Local network

Streetlife

A bond that holds a group together, even if individuals within the group have different backgrounds or circumstances.

A collaborative process by which we can shape our public realm in order to maximize shared value. paying particular attention to the physical, cultural, and social identities that define a place and support its ongoing evolution.

A movement that starts off as small scale manufacturing by individuals who have identified a need or demand for something, often inspired by their own desire for the thing.

Identifying and activating the unharnessed potential in people, places or processes around us.

Local networks are quick to transfer information and organise themselves. Individuals have a high influence on the operation which translates into direct benefits for them.

People using, staying and appropriating the public space in Rijnhaven, is the final outcome and identity of the Rijnhaven.

Incremental & iterative growth processes

Plurality of values and outcomes

Growth through networks

Local business entrepreneurship

Strengthening local business

Community development

Organic growth which relies on adherance to a framework for expansion within which a customisability exists.

The total sum of intended, serendipitous, coincidental, by-products and unexpected end-results from a system or service.

Feedback to the participants in a network that serves to benefit their participation.

Getting local residents into setting up businesses.

Supplying local business with target audience, market shares, exposure, marketing, infrastructure or other mechanisms.

Strengthening the bond between people of all ages, sex, backgrounds and ethnicities. Enpowering people to make changes to their community.

Decentralised system A systems intricately linked to the idea of self-organisation. Mechanisms such as indirect communication, temporary patterns and feedback play a vital role to smooth operations within the given parameters.

A Platform for the Rijnhaven

‘‘LABOUR AND SKILL EXCHANGE MARKET FOR THE RIJNHAVEN BASED AROUND A NEW TIME SHARING ECONOMY.’’

(Tijd Platform Definition)

Through writing our own brief for this stage of the studio we decided to focus in on the aspect of ‘connectivity.’ We also decided that whatever we design must aim to solve the issues we identified in the area of: giving the people a voice; encouraging diversity; and ‘forwards to basics’ – modernising society by going back the basics. As a collective we designed the platform ‘Tijd.’ A new time sharing economy for the Rijnhaven. This was a multi-layered platform consisting of Abstract, Spatial and Digital Platforms as demonstrated below. The abstract platform is the base layer of the overall platform. This is the creation of a labour and skill sharing market based around a new time sharing economy. Through this platform residents of the Rijnhaven and surrounding areas are encouraged to advertise their skills and requests new skills. This is a socially based platform aimed at being indiscriminately accessible and non-prescriptive. Through this it is the aim that anyone can participate regardless of their current situation. Tijd will offer social based schemes such as ‘helping the elderly’ or ‘settling new migrants’ with the aim that anyone can undertake these tasks in order the exchange their time for offers such as a nights accommodation or a warm meal. It is this social aspect that makes this platform different to the current Time bank economies such as ‘Echo’ or ‘Gorbals Time Bank’ in Glasgow.

DIGITAL

SPATIAL ABSTRACT

GA2 // 2.1 / 2.4 ¦ GC2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.1 / 4.2 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 ¦ GC7 // 7.1 / 7.2 / 7.3 ¦ [Adjacent page. Left: Research into community led currencies and the implementation of Tijd platform. Right: Research into characteristics of current platforms and how these informed Tijd platform.]

Wilhelminapier Installation // Visualisation

Profile Billboard // Visualisation

Codrico Qube Installation // Visualisation

SPATIAL PLATFORM The spatial platform looks to address how the abstract platform will manifest itself in the physical world. On the adjacent page you can see several renders highlighting the advertising of which we envisaged to provide this spatial platform. Through interactive advertising, such as these suggestions provided, the platform will become physical, allowing it to meet the criteria of being indiscriminately accessible and non-prescriptive. The final render to the top right indicates a large scale advertising to be housed on top of the Lanstein Flour Mill; where the current ‘Codrico Qube’ installation is housed. It is from this image where we have looked to indicate how Tijd is to become a major part of the lives of the residents, providing the base infrastructure for the platform to grow. The master plan (shown opposite) explores the idea of the notion of the spatial platform further. This looks to provide all the required physical spaces for the platform to work along with indicating how this platform might influence the Rijnhaven area over the years following its inception. Here you can see the ‘Tijd’ building, home to the platform and where spaces will be provided for the sharing of skills, an administrative core and hub for activities and development. An energy generating running track – again indiscriminately accessible. The master plan begins to hint at localisation in the region with provisions shown for communal farms, local markets and new education facilities.

SPATIAL

DIGITAL ABSTRACT

GA2 // 2.1 ¦ GC2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.2 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ [Above: Layering diagram of platforms. Adjacent page: Top left: Spatial platform installation at Wilhelminapier on Kop van Zuid. Top Middle: Spatial platform installation at heart of Rijnhaven basin showing energy generating paths. Top Right: Tijd advertising in place of the current Codrico Qube installation. Bottom. Master plan for Rijnhaven basin following Tijd platform launch.]

DIGITAL PLATFORM In order to facilitate the abstract platform a digital platform was created. This platform created an interface of which could take the form of an app, website or other interactive media. The interface allows the users to advertise their skills or request the skills they desire. From here you can also track your T’s (unit of time currency) and view the community offers currently in operation. A video was produced in order to demonstrate this digital platform as shown below.

SPATIAL

DIGITAL ABSTRACT

GA2 // 2.1 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 ¦ [Above: Still taken from video produced illustrating the digital platform. Video shows the design of the app, examples of potential skills advertised and requested and Tijd scheme offers. Adjacent Page: 1:1 installation demonstrating the digital platform]

SKILLS OFFERED

SKILLS REQUESTS

COMMUNITY OFFERS

COMMUNITY REQUESTS

TRENDING

09/11/2015

10/11/2015

09/11/2015

08/10/2015

ADVANCED PHOTOSHOP SKILLS 09/11/2015

CONVERSATIONAL SKILLS 09/11/2015

3D MODELLING

BASIC VIDEO EDITING SUPPORT

COFFEE BREAK FREE HOT DRINKS

09/11/2015

10/11/2015

PROJECT COORDINATOR 09/11/2015

LITTER PICK UP IN KATENDRECHT 09/11/2015

CLEAR UP STUDIO 10/11/2015

09/11/2015

CYCLE HOME SCHEME 30/10/2015

SYMPOSIUM ADVICE 09/11/2015

ADVANCED CAD TECHNICIAN

[Above: No of ‘T’s earned per person in studio. 1T equates to 1 sheet of A4 work produced for Symposium event]

[Above: No of ‘T’s earned per person in studio. 1T equates to how many A4 sheets produced with time factor applied]

THE STUDIO AS A PLATFORM ‘THE STUDIO WILL BE RUN AS A COOPERATIVE AND ITS APPROACH TO LEARNING WILL ADOPT A PLATFORM METHODOLOGY ITSELF WHERE THE STUDIO WILL BE CONSIDERED ITSELF A PLATFORM FOR STUDENTS TO TEACH THEMSELVES AND EACH OTHER THROUGH RESEARCH, DESIGN AND PEER LEARNING.’

(Extract from project brief)

With the studio acting as its own independent platform it was decided that we would conduct an experiment using the studio as a microcosm of our Tijd Platform in order to see whether this type of time sharing economy is viable. At the start of our final week of group work we all advertised and presented our individual skills that we were bringing to the collective. From this we were able to exchange skills, teach and learn from one another and undertake the necessary tasks to produce the required work during the week. The tasks undertaken were documented in the form of time sheets by each member of the studio. All communications between members of the studio were recorded including information such as where the communication was from i.e.. In the studio or from homes. The two charts on the adjacent page look to show the relation of hours spent to work produced in order to establish whether earning one ‘T’ (the currency of Tijd) for one hours work was correct. The first chart shows the amount of ‘T’s’ earnt when 1T equals one hour; the darker the shade of blue the more ‘T’s’ earnt. This chart shows that there may be irregularities as we all put in roughly the same amount of hours. For the second chart a time co-efficient was applied to the amount of A4’s produced i.e.. One A4 of research takes longer to produce than one A4 of images. From this we gained a more even chart. From our platform definition we had learnt that platforms develop through feedback. As a result of this we looked at ways in which we could implement a time coefficient into our platform. GA2 // 2.1 / 2.4 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ [Adjacent page. Top: Image showing skills sharing within the studio. Middle Left: Skills that I offered. Middle Right. Time sheet for my involvement and time spent per skill offered]

BUILDING ON FROM TIJD All the work documented to this point was presented as part of our ‘Symposium’ event – a celebration of the year’s study of Rotterdam and research work to date. The main feedback I took on from this event was a comment regarding how this platform could go on to fundamentally change architecture in the area. This was a question we were unable to answer at the time but one that I was keen to go on to address in my subsequent work. From here we were all tasked with providing an architectural response to Rotterdam of which built upon our group project. The diagram to the right shows the varying ways in which we all went about undertaking this. Though the projects are so varied, the diagrams looks to capture the collaborative nature of the studio, indicating how all projects related to each other with many schemes feeding off one another. GA2 // 2.1 / 2.6 / 2.7 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.3 ¦ [Right: Connectivity diagram showing relationships between projects across the studio]

- FUCK YOU ROTTERDAM: ITS A REVOLUTION Individual Work

‘‘NOW WE HAVE SQUATTING ON OUR SKYLINE A HULKING GIANT WHO HAS ABANDONED ALL HOPE OF IMAGINING ANOTHER ROTTERDAM, A DIFFERENT CITY, A CITY JUST FOR YOU.’’

(Wouter Vanstipout on DeRotterdam)

The following work presented is my individual intervention into Rotterdam; an anarchic takeover of OMA’s iconic building of DeRotterdam. DeRotterdam, opened in 2013 at a cost of 314 M Euros, has failed, seemingly lacking any connection to the real Rotterdamers, an opinion supported by the above quote from Wouter Vantiphout. The building has been criticised for numerous reasons including being ‘a monument to Rotterdam’s rude economic health.’ [O,Wainright] This is a visionary project. It looks to give a vision for the future. This vision itself is a platform; in this case a platform for bottom up architecture. In line with works by Lebeus Woods, Archigram, Peter Cook and Cedric Price this project looks to give a vision for what Rotterdam could be and strives to inspire bottom up architecture to flourish in the region and halt gentrification from taking over the Rijnhaven basin . In order to achieve this, the project looks to build upon and become informed by the site analysis already undertaken. It looks to add another layer to the platform build up responding to the question, how can we fundamentally change architecture as a result of the Tijd platform? This new platform will be in the form of a ‘construction manifesto’ – This manifesto forms the brief I have written myself for the project. In order to project into the future and design the unknown iterations of the same section have been produced at intervals of five years. To predict how this anarchic takeover will manifest itself precedents of ‘two of history’s great anomalies – Torre de David and Kowloon Walled City – will be studied. GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.4 / 2.5 / 2.7 ¦ GC1 // 1.1 ¦ GC4 // 4.2 ¦ GC7 // 7.2 ¦ [Left: Title poster for individual intervention].

My mapping exercise, focusing in on the language of the Rijnhaven, both written and spoken word , led me to explore what I experienced as an antiNorth attitude throughout the area. While exploring the graffiti found on site there were several pieces, shown on the adjacent page, of which alerted me to this attitude. In connection to these images the interviews I conducted also drew the same conclusions. Beatrijs, a student currently working at Verhalenhuis Belvedere, spoke of the problem of gentrification going on to state that she prefers living in the South to the North of Rotterdam. Verhalenhuis Belvedere, a café and gallery dedicated to keeping the history of the Katendrecht area alive, serves as an example of how the South differs in nature to the North. A much quieter place with a real sense of local pride evident through both the people and the businesses.

Gentrification is evident in the area. The wealthy areas of Kop van Zuid with works by the ‘starchitects’ Koolhaas, Foster, Piano and Siza, home to DeRotterdam - sitting in direct contrast to the historically rich Katendrecht with its old industrial factory units bustling with the creative class.

The above metal map of South Rotterdam was made by asking inhabitants of the North (including politicians) to map the area of the South they know. From this map you can see that there is little knowledge of the South, one area known clearly is the Kop van Zuid region.

Comparisons can be drawn between Rotterdam and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The Kop van Zuid is to Rotterdam North what Gateshead quayside is to Newcastle. DeRotterdam is the Baltic or the Sage. A building situated in South Rotterdam but serving North Rotterdam. This is a conclusions further strengthened by the fact that numerous signs on the skyscrapers of the Kop van Zuid all face the North rather than the South including the ‘n’ sign on DeRotterdam.

A 2015 report on Governing Urban Diversity in South Rotterdam reported that many areas in the region were portrayed as being ‘residentially unattractive,’ from the report it was concluded that it was the diversity in the areas of which was drawing in new residents. People stated the main reason for moving to South Rotterdam was; its attraction for first time buyers; the strength of diversity ; its social housing on offer; the ability to have an unobstructed view from peoples dwellings; and the atmosphere.

‘IN 2030 THE POPULATION OF THE WORLD LIVING IN CITIES WILL GROW FROM THREE BILLION TO FIVE BILLION WITH TWO BILLION OF THESE INHABITANTS LIVING BELOW THE POVERTY LINE.’

‘THE NETHERLANDS CURRENTLY HAS THE HIGHEST PROPORTION OF SOCIAL HOUSING IN THE EU AT 36%; AS HIGH AS 50% IN THE CITIES.’

(Governing Urban Diversity, 2015)

The wide range of evidence given here has led to the decision to form a new municipality. The municipality of Rotterdam Zuid – South Rotterdam. In forming this new municipality there is now the chance to make this new municipality respond to the needs of the South, to the needs of the real people of Rotterdam rather than the corporate giants who have consumed the North. Maps and plans on the following pages depict the extent of the new Rotterdam Zuid.

GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.4 / 2.5 ¦ GC2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.1 / 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 / 5.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.3 ¦ GC7 // 7.1¦ [Above: Mental map by inhabitants of the North. Adjacent Page: Top Left: Found Graffiti. Top Right: ‘Southerner.’ Middle Left: ‘Are you at the Cape?’ Middle Right: ‘Access only for Feyenoords.’ Bottom Left: Newcastle Gateshead]

‘‘AN ISLAND WHERE LOTS OF DIFFERENT CULTURES MEET, THIS GIVES OPPORTUNITIES. SO MUCH VARIETY OF SOCIAL BACKGROUNDS. HERE YOU HAVE SOME HISTORICAL FEELING ... THE PROBLEM IS GENTRIFICATION CAME HERE.’’ (Beatrijs, VerhalenHuis Belvedere)

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吀眀漀漀昀䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀攀猀䜀爀攀愀吀漀爀爀攀䐀攀䐀愀瘀椀搀Ⰰ 䌀愀爀愀挀愀猀䄀渀甀渀椀椀渀椀猀栀攀搀猀欀礀猀挀爀愀瀀攀爀椀渀䌀愀爀愀挀愀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀挀愀瀀椀琀愀氀漀昀嘀攀渀攀稀甀攀氀愀漀昀眀栀椀挀栀猀愀眀椀琀猀挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀栀愀氀琀攀搀椀渀㄀㤀㤀㐀搀甀攀琀漀琀栀攀戀愀渀欀椀渀最挀爀椀猀椀猀⸀ 䘀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最琀栀椀猀椀琀眀愀猀漀挀挀甀瀀椀攀搀戀礀猀焀甀愀琀琀攀爀猀椀渀㈀㜀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀栀攀爀攀琀栀攀戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最栀愀猀搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀琀栀爀漀甀最栀琀栀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀漀昀椀琀猀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀猀⸀ 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀眀攀爀攀挀漀渀渀攀挀琀攀搀琀漀琀栀攀戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最愀渀搀愀渀攀眀漀爀搀攀爀栀愀猀昀漀爀洀攀搀⸀ 圀椀琀栀琀栀攀搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀最攀琀琀椀渀最愀戀愀搀爀攀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀椀琀栀愀猀猀椀渀挀攀戀攀攀攀渀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀琀漀戀攀愀最攀琀琀椀渀最愀戀愀搀最爀攀愀琀攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀漀昀挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀⸀

CONSTRUCTION PLATFORM Another layer is added to the platform narrative through the new Construction Platform. The intention of this platform is to address the need for new housing in South Rotterdam and the address how the platform can fundamentally change architecture. The given construction manifesto on the adjacent page outlines the parameters set out in this platform. In doing so this manifesto forms the brief for the design. The abstract platform of Tijd feeds into this new platform. Base materials will be able to be rented from Tijd by residents; these materials will be easily assembled to form the basic construction of a house. From here, using assemblage theory, inhabitants will be able to apply their own cultural traditions and narrative to their dwellings encouraging diversity to flourish. When materials are no longer required they can be returned to Tijd and re-constituted into new sheet material – hence a closed loop material system. This system has been influenced by the Segal method of construction. Through this system risk has been eradicated from the building of homes. Tijd takes on the risk. This will allow first time buyers to establish themselves in the area as well as supporting the large amount of existing social housing. Tijd Construction will be run as a social enterprise business. All users will benefit from the profits that will be reinvested in them. There will be no corporate giant taking money from the area or gaining from this business. The platform will have a strong feedback loop encouraging its bottom up nature.

CONSTRUCTION DIGITAL

SPATIAL ABSTRACT

GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 / 2.4 / 2.5 / 2.6 ¦ GC1 // 1.3 ¦ GC2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ GC7 // 7.2 / 7.3 ¦ GC8 // 8.1 / 8.2 / 8.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Construction manifesto.]

DEVELOPMENT Precedents, as shown on the adjacent page in the form of Lebeus Woods, Archigram, Cedric Price and Stuart Franks, have been studied in relation to their platform characteristics. Their ability to influence change in the built environment. For example the way in which Archigram inspired the ‘Pompidou Centre’ in the 70’s.

ᠠᤠ一漀眀眀攀栀愀瘀攀猀焀甀愀琀琀椀渀最漀渀漀甀爀猀欀礀氀椀渀攀愀栀甀氀欀椀渀最最椀愀渀琀眀栀漀栀愀猀愀戀愀渀搀漀渀攀搀愀氀氀 The listed precedents and their impact as platforms has been used in order to 栀漀瀀攀漀昀椀洀愀最椀渀椀渀最愀渀漀琀栀攀爀刀漀琀琀攀爀搀愀洀Ⰰ 愀 establish how this project can be a platform for Bottom up architecture in the Rijnhaven. Below is an early development collage showing my initial design intent 搀椀û攀爀攀渀琀挀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀挀椀琀礀樀甀猀琀昀漀爀礀漀甀⸀ᤠᤠ following this research.

圀伀唀吀䔀刀嘀䄀一匀吀䤀倀䠀伀唀吀漀渀䐀攀刀漀琀琀攀爀搀愀洀⸀

GA2 // 2.2 / 2.4 ¦ GC2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.1 / 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC7 // 7.1 ¦

䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀挀漀氀氀愀最攀嬀䈀漀琀琀漀洀䰀攀昀琀崀倀氀甀最椀渀䌀椀琀礀Ⰰ 䄀爀挀栀椀最爀愀洀嬀吀漀瀀刀椀最栀琀崀圀愀氀氀猀漀昀䌀栀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 䰀攀戀攀甀猀圀漀漀搀猀嬀吀漀瀀刀椀最栀琀䴀椀搀搀氀攀崀匀琀愀挀欀攀搀䌀椀琀礀Ⰰ 匀琀甀愀爀琀䘀爀愀渀欀猀嬀䈀漀琀琀漀洀刀椀最栀琀䴀椀搀搀氀攀崀䘀甀渀䘀愀挀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 䌀攀搀爀椀挀倀爀椀挀攀嬀䈀漀琀琀漀洀刀椀最栀琀崀

[Above: Design intention collage. Adjacent page: Top Left: Plug in City, Archigram. Top Right: Walking City, Archigram. Middle Left: Walls of change, Lebeus Woods. Middle Right: Stacked City, Stuart Franks. Bottom Left: Fun Palace, Cedric Price. Bottom Right: Potteries Thinkbelt, Cedric Price.].

RELATION TO TIJD PLATFORM Following on from the Interim Crit a large part of the feedback given was ‘how does this project build on from the Tijd platform?’ Tijd emerged from a brief based around ‘connectivity.’ The aims were to strengthen diversity in the region, provide a voice for the inhabitants and to look to use a forwards to basics methodology - developing through returning to more primitive means. This intervention into the area looks to build upon this platform through its encouragement of diversity. The construction manifesto, depicted earlier, encourages diversity through forcing people to apply their own cultural tradition and narrative to their dwellings through assemblage theory. This project is a hybrid of bottom up and top down architecture but with Tijd construction being run as a social enterprise business the top down aspect is informed through feedback in a bottom up manner. It is through this feedback in which this new platform builds upon tackling the issue of a voice for the Rijnhaven. Through the Tijd time sharing economy local residents are able to gain architects time and input on their dwelling. Interestingly though there is scope for other professions to impact upon the built environment in the same manner. For example Artists, Lawyers, Craftsmen, Children, the Elderly. GA2 // 2.6 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Tijd advertisement poster].

圀愀愀氀栀愀瘀攀渀

‘‘TWO OF HISTORIES GREAT ANOMALIES.’’

(Anonymous)

To be able to predict what will happen in this form of anarchic takeover precedents of similar examples have been utilised. These examples have given a basis for a design to be set in 2050. Through analysing how these precedents emerged, how the buildings were governed, how society grew over time and what architectural interventions occurred I have been able to ground my own design.

TORRE DE DAVID Caracas, Venezuela

‘‘The improvised home of a community of more than 750 families, living in an extra-legal and tenuous occupation that some have called a vertical slum.’’ An unfinished skyscraper in Caracas, the capital of Venezuela of which saw its construction halted in 1994 due to the Venezuelan banking crisis. In 2007 the building became occupied by squatters as a result of a mass housing shortage in the country. Services were improvised by the residents who managed to get water up to as high as the 22nd floor. With the building having no elevators mopeds were used to gain access to the higher levels. ‘Bodegas’ - local convenience stores - feature throughout the building with prices coherent with the floor of the building they were situated on. Informal dentists can even be found. The space was initially occupied through residents putting up curtains and tents with walls emerging over time. Order was maintained in the building through religion. With the development getting a bad reputation, heightened through its depiction in TV show Homeland, it has since been proved to be a great example of community architecture. [Adjacent Page: Images showing Torre de David].

KOWLOON WALLED CITY Hong Kong

The ungoverned, densely populated, anarchic settlement of Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong. Once a Chinese military base that was transformed into one of the most dense areas of housing following the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in WW2. The controlling force here was the ‘Triads’ with drug use, prostitution and gambling evident throughout the city. Anarchy reigned here with secret societies. In the centre of the city was a ‘Yamen,’ an administrative core keeping order. The main form of housing in the city came in the form of wooden squatter huts. As a result of this form of construction, and density of dwellings, fires became a major issue. In 1950 a fire destroyed as many as 2,500 homes. Sun light rarely reached the lower levels of the city as such was the density. Through the 60’s and 70’s, once the Triads influence had diminished to an extent, the city underwent major construction, water was now provided to all structures with street lighting installed. The city became know for its high rate of unlicensed doctors and dentist operating in Kowloon without any threat of prosecution. In 1978 the Hong Kong government released plans to demolish Kowloon with this completing in 1993. The area is still maintained as a historical park to date with the ‘Yamen’ remaining. This case study provides an interesting contrast to that of Torre De David; while Torre de David presents a surprisingly somewhat utopian occupation, Kowloon presents a hectic dystopia. GA2 // 2.3 / 2.4 ¦ GC2 // 2.1 / 2.2 ¦ GC4 // 4.1 / 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ GC7 // 7.1 ¦ [Adjacent Page: images of Kowloon Walled City, including a section through the development].

SECTION ITERATIONS Development

In order to project into the future and design the unknown, iterations of the same section have been produced at intervals of five years. To predict how this anarchic takeover will manifest itself precedents of Torre de David and Kowloon Walled City have been used. The following pages deliver this narrative to support the final design spanning from 2020 to 2050.

GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 / 2.4 ¦ GC1 // 1.2 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ GC9 // 9.1 / 9.2 / 9.3 ¦ [Above: Development work, overlaying designs].

2020

DEROTTERDAM ZUID BY ROTTERDAM NORTH

Rotterdam Zuid is in initial Utopia following the launch of the Tijd Platform. Social cohesion and entrepreneurial spirit is flourishing. DeRotterdam looks to capitalise on this initial Utopia. Through making slight alterations to the buildings; DeRotterdam now increases its appeal to the South. - The £3.4 M penthouse suite is converted into a viewing gallery for the local people. - The expensive Hotel is converted into a lively hostel, helping to bring in a new typology of customer more in line with the new ethos of the area. - The new platform of ‘Tijd Construction’ locates its core operating centre into a floor of existing office space in DeRotterdam - 30% of the existing office accommodation is converted into residential accommodation. The fit out for this is done through Tijd construction ushering in a new type of architecture. - Local businesses are invited to set up on the ground floor. Despite the high rent, we now see more public ground floor increasing the relation with this building and the local people it seeks to serve. There is still a lack of equality between the North and South. Despite these promising gestures by the North, all the profits from the building are still consumed by the owners. Throughout South Rotterdam the forces of globalisation look to capitalise on the initial utopia in the region. Many large scale developments are in planning for the region. Tijd becomes increasingly frustrated and anti-North feeling has spread throughout the South.

2025

REVOLUTION//GREED Tijd has become a political party in the South with a large following of people frustrated with the Norths greed. With widespread anti-North feeling the area around Kop van Zuid becomes unstable and large scale corporations begin to leave the area in fear. With DeRotterdam faltering in the current climate a group of radical Tijd supporters storm into the building and take control. The occupation was forceful but all together a peaceful occupation. Local authorities then try to remove the radical from the building. The external building fabric of the East tower is left in ruin with gun fights between the Radicals and authorities. This side of the building sees large scale structural damage. As a result of recent developments an independent municipality of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Rotterdam Zuidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is formed. Society and Tijd are determined to recreate and expand on the initial utopia from the early days of Tijd. Despite the lack of services, infrastructure and general despair people are flocking to the new independent municipality. New Immigrants are moving to the area looking to capitalise on the new political system, verging towards a new socialist state with promises of equality and opportunity. At the same time large amounts of the residents of North Rotterdam have moved South.

2030

VERTICAL SLUM The new independent municipality of Rotterdam Zuid is in crisis. Having been cut off by the North the South struggles to form all the necessary infrastructure and services. DeRotterdam Zuid becomes a vertical slum. With the influx of new residents the area cant cope and informal housing develops in the building. People sleep in the basement, in the open air and in the now unsafe East tower. Despite such poor conditions people still move here believing things can only get better, believing in the promise of a state free from the clutches of Globalisation. In response to the current situation there is a new impetus on housing. The Tijd construction offices, located in DeRotterdam Zuid once more, begin several new plans to increase the capacity and quality of life in the building: - A 3D printed exoskeleton is beginning to be printed around DeRotterdam Zuid. This aims to make the building structurally sound again, offer new circulation to replace the damaged existing services, offer opportunity for new housing on the outside of the building and to make the building look active to the outside. - New housing typologies are created in-line with the manifesto of 2015. The aim is for new housing that is indiscriminately accessible, hackable and allows diversity to flourish. - All materials are now to be computerised. This allows information about their location and condition to be recorded and monitored.

2035

ROBOTIC Following the computerisation of materials several years previously, Tijd has now introduced drones. The drones travel around Rotterdam Zuid reclaiming unused materials. These materials are then brought back to DeRotterdam Zuid where the new processing level is used to reconstitute these old unused materials. This processing level is formed where several floors of car parking accommodation used to be. The initial housing crisis has been reduced largely throughout the whole municipality. Attention now turns to transforming the vertical slum into a vertical city. The most radical members of Tijd, of whom started the revolution, move into the East tower, deemed the worst and most damaged area of the building. They look to set an example, if they can form a new society here then so can anyone. Here we see the formation of a self-sufficient commune. A complete closed loop system is introduced in the commune. Recent years have seen new developments on the outside of the exoskeleton. These dwellings provide a new appearance to the building. The building now looks true to the diversity of its occupants. This new appearance serves as a beacon of the South to the North showcasing all that is deemed wrong in the North and a constant reminder of the 2025 revolution.

2040

RE-CONSTITUTE Tijd is enjoying its increasing prosperity, the housing crisis is over. People are beginning to reap the benefits of the shared enterprise business of Tijd along with the benefits of the localised economy. Drone production and new building both increase dramatically. Materials from the original DeRotterdam are beginning to be reclaimed and reconstituted in order to make sense in the context of housing rather than office accommodation. This leads to their now being less density in the middle of the existing structure. The radical commune still remains far from the current system of Tijd, they want even further developments,they want no currency, shared wealth and strive to conscript others to their commune. They refuse to adhere to the overall development of DeRotterdamZuid and donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow drones into their area. Unused materials are left unused here.

2045

NUCLEUS The radical commune settle their grievances through feeding back into the system of Tijd. The overall scheme becomes more closed loop. As a result the commune allow drones back into their zone. Unused materials here are cleared and re-purposed. The commune reaches Utopia. It has spread its values and now becomes more inward looking. They become increasingly isolated, organising their community in a different manner to the rest of DeRotterdam Zuid. A nucleus is formed. This houses the accommodation for the shared enterprise of tijd Construction. Through locating in the middle of the development there is a bold statement of intent. It is clear that this is a democratic business and the success of feedback is evident.

2050

DEROTTERDAM ZUID With the issues faced so far being resolved the development of DeRotterdam Zuid is stable for the first time. Initial Utopia has been reached again but there is still a long way to go. Money is re-invested into the scheme through the following: -Vertical gardens - Leisure facilities - New teaching methods - A wide research programme - New healthcare facilities in the building Entrepreneurial spirit if flourishing with the creation of businesses and services re-emerging everywhere. From a new â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;taxiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; service to get to the higher levels of the commune to small convenience stores throughout.

DEROTTERDAM ZUID IN SECTION From the section iterations the final design on DeRotterdamZuid was developed further. To the right is the final section. Extracts on the following pages, located on the right, will provide zoomed in versions of the section. This final design incorporates: - New build housing on the outside of the exoskeleton - Tijd Construction administrative core - Radical commune, collective living - Refurbishment of existing accommodation - Open commercial ground floor - Night life - Leisure facilities - Material re-processing level - Literal platform GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 / 2.4 ¦ GC1 // 1.2 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Final DeRotterdamZuid section].

PAGE 57 RADICAL COMMUNE Regulations With the new municipality of South Rotterdam has come a relaxation of the rules and regulations in buildings.

PAGE 61

OBSERVATORY ROOFTOP CLUBS 3D Printing

VIEWING PLATFORM

3D printing robots have been printing a metal exoskeleton since the housing crisis.

WASTE

COMMUNITY GARDENS EXISTING RESIDENTIAL

CUSTOM BUILDS

A NEW RELIGION...? Religion as order

Circulation

PAGE 59

Through the two case studies its obvious that religion can have a large control over people. Can a modern day religion control a building

With drones now carrying building materials what's to say they can't transport people?

VERTICAL FARMING

CONVENIENCE STORE

Collective Living The radical commune is based around the idea of collective living. Each family group has their own space offering privacy and a place to call their own however cooking, cleaning, relaxing etc. is all communal.

Vacant Housing Many homes area becoming vacant in the existing apartments of DeRotterdam. People want to locate to the new developments on the outside.

Administration Core Tijd Construction are located at the core of the building. This is in line with the development of the 'Yamen' in the Kowloon walled city.

EDUCATION CENTRE Services Following the damage to the East Tower during the revolution new services were needed. These have been added on the outside of the building in an informal manner.

Housing New home being installed. The bare basics will be fabricated on site in the re-processing floor. It is then down to the occupier to add their narrative to the dwelling

Notice Board

NOTICE BOARD

Its as easy as a notice board. This is used to keep control. Post new opportunities and new rules of society

HOSTEL

TIJD CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION CORE WASTE

Circulation When parts of the existing building were removed and recycled selected parts were left in order to form walkways. These connect the separate elements of the building together and increase connectivity between residents

'TAXI'

TEACHING

The elevation of the new builds meets the vernacular aspect of the building manifesto. The design is based around the traditional Dutch canal houses evident throughout Rotterdam.

RESEARCH

PAGE 63

INNOVATION SUITE

In order to get to the higher levels of the commune a new 'taxi' service has been set up using wheelbarrows as transport

1 4

Role of Tijd

Elevation

'Taxi' Point

1 5 LIBRARY Tijd construction offer a range of services from teaching to libraries. With this being a shared enterprise business this decision comes from the people living in South Rotterdam looking to educate people in order to improve the business in the future.

1 3 1 2 1 0

!?!

9 COMMON ROOM Drones

Circulation The once internal circulation finds itself now as a focal point for the new void of which has been created

With a tendency to work in groups you can see the nature of drones. Swarming the building in activity.

7 COMMUNAL KITCHEN

Circulation

New circulation to be provided between the exoskeleton and the existing building fabric. Both stairs and lifts

5 4 COMMUNAL DINING Platform Here every resident of South Rotterdam is invited to share their opinions any time of day

Amphitheater Raised seating to allow for a variety of events or just to simply observe and listen to what's happening on the Platform

2 LITERAL POLITICAL PLATFORM

Re-Constitute Unused materials from around South Rotterdam being reclaimed and brought to DeRotterdamZuid for re-processing

G ROCK CLIMBING

OFFICE / ADVICE

TENNIS

GYM BADMINTON

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL LEISURE SPACE

Found material to enter the building here through larger openings in exoskeleton

MATERIAL RE-PROCESSING Output Once materials have been re-processed a final output is made, whether this is sheet material to be exported or new components for the building.

INDEPENDENT COMMERCIAL COFFEE

CAKES

BAR

SHOES

LIGHTS

BUTCHERS BOOKS Cycling The emphasis on transport in the building has changed from cars to cycling. Plenty of bike storage along with an indoor velodrome in order to access it. Greater connections with the ground level also established.

BAKERY

COFFEE

VINTAGE

CLOTHING

MAGAZINES

DRONES

CYCLE / CAR PARKING

WASTE

Input

CINEMA

RADICAL COMMUNE Following the damage received during the 2025 revolution this extract looks to focus in on the East Tower. With this area of the development deemed the hardest to resolve it was occupied by the most radical of Tijd supporters forming the radical commune. Here you can see how this society has developed over the years. The design is based around the idea of collective living. Each family unit has its own accommodation serving as sleeping quarters and a place to call their own. Living, eating, washing and leisure facilities are all provided as collective functions. With the circulation to the tower damaged during the revolution there is now a taxi service provided through the use of wheelbarrows, in line with the mopeds seen in Torre de David. This entrepreneurial spirit is seen again through new convenience stores and other services of which have been established in the tower to serve the community. The controlling order has been established through a new religion, again in line with Torre de David and to an extent Kowloon Wallled City. Throughout this extract you can see the effect that has been had through loosening the regulations on building in the new municipality. Balcony’s with no railings, steep staircases, relaxed fire regulations. Through this anarchic takeover the building industry has become less formal. To the top left of the picture you can see the new community gardens. Here there is vertical farming helping to support the idea of a closed loop society. This is a service that has been made viable through Tijd construction being a social enterprise business with profits being re-invested in the building and its inhabitants. ¦ GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 ¦ GC1 // 1.2 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Extract from final DeRotterdam section.]

Regulations With the new municipality of South Rotterdam has come a relaxation of the rules and regulations in buildings.

OBSERVATORY

WASTE

ENS

A NEW RELIGION...? Circulation With drones now carrying building materials what's to say they can't transport people?

CONVENIENCE STORE

EDUCATION CENTRE

NOTICE BOARD

ADMINISTRATIVE CORE In line with the ‘Yamen’ in the case of Kowloon Walled City, Tijd construction has formed an administrative core in the heart of the building, acting as a nucleus for development in both the building and at a larger scale the municipality of RotterdamZuid. Through locating its offices at the heart of the building Tijd Construction has made a definite statement towards its nature as a platform. Its relation to the people and the ability to evolve through feedback. In this extract given you can see the effect that a social enterprise business has on the workplace. A variety of working environments are given, an abundance of breakout space and facilities for education and continued professional development have been established. Through this extract you can see new circulation of drones flying people around the building. In conjunction you can also see the walkways between towers of which have remained despite such heavy demolition showing an interesting amount of forward planning in comparison to other elements of the building. GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 ¦ GC1 // 1.2 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Extract from final DeRotterdam section.]

Administration Core Tijd Construction are located at the core of the building. This is in line with the development of the 'Yamen' in the Kowloon walled city.

TIJD CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION CORE Circulation When parts of the existing building were removed and recycled selected parts were left in order to form walkways. These connect the separate elements of the building together and increase connectivity between residents

LIBRARY Role of Tijd

TEACHING RESEARCH

INNOVATION SUITE

Tijd construction offer a range of services from teaching to libraries. With this being a shared enterprise business this decision comes from the people living in South Rotterdam looking to educate people in order to improve the business in the future.

!?!

Circulation The once internal circulation finds itself now as a focal point for the new void of which has been created

NEW BUILD ACCOMMODATION Where many building in a similar nature to this design, especially Kowloon Walled City, would show intensification through development, DeRotterdamZuid shows the opposite, a reduction in density. This is evident through the new build dwellings on the outside of the exoskeleton. This has occurred as a result of the initial dissatisfaction with the current day DeRotterdam. The original building has static elevations and in 2050 its appearance would serve as a constant reminder of what it once was. As a result new dwellings were established on the exoskeleton providing an elevation suitable given what has happened inside the building. From this there has been areas of the interior which had run down and been removed to make way for the more popular new builds. The section extract to the right shows empty dwellings to the interior - perhaps to soon go the same way. The new dwellings respond to the brief set out in the construction manifesto. They provide an element of the vernacular to the building while strongly encouraging diversity. GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3 ¦ GC1 // 1.2 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Extract from final DeRotterdam section.]

ROOFTOP CLUBS

G PLATFORM

3D Printing 3D printing robots have been printing a metal exoskeleton since the housing crisis.

COMMUNITY GARDENS

NG RESIDENTIAL

M BUILDS

VERTICAL FARMING

Vacant Housing Many homes area becoming vacant in the existing apartments of DeRotterdam. People want to locate to the new developments on the outside.

Administration Core Tijd Construction are located at the core of the building. This is in line with the development of the 'Yamen' in the Kowloon walled city.

Housing New home being installed. The bare basics will be fabricated on site in the re-processing floor. It is then down to the occupier to add their narrative to the dwelling

LIBRARY

PLINTH LEVELS With the existing DeRotterdam having six floors in its plinth serving largely as car parking it was important that DeRotterdamZuid created a plinth as a hive of activity. As a result, to the right you can see the incorporation of the material reprocessing level, leisure facilities and a densely populated ground floor serving as a commercial zone encouraging new small businesses. In response to another project in the studio looking to pedestrianise the Rijnhaven with an increase in cycling this design has incorporated cycling facilities and an ease of access for cyclists to the building. To the right of the extract you can see the literal platform. This is a platform to encourage feedback within the building. Here there is a space where anyone can broadcast their opinions and be heard encouraging participation in the built environment. GA2 // 2.1 / 2.2 ¦ GC1 // 1.2 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦GC4 // 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ GC9 // 9.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Extract from final DeRotterdam section.]

Platform Here every resident of South Rotterdam is invited to share their opinions any time of day

Amphitheater Raised seating to allow for a variety of events or just to simply observe and listen to what's happening on the Platform

LITERAL PO

GYM

CINEMA

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL LEISURE SPACE

COFFEE

CAKES BUTCHERS BOOKS

Cycling The emphasis on transport in the building has changed from cars to cycling. Plenty of bike storage along with an indoor velodrome in order to access it. Greater connections with the ground level also established.

COFFEE

BAKERY

VINTAGE

[Above: As existing ground floor plan, 1:1000].

[Above: DeRotterdamZuid ground floor plan, 2050, 1:1000].

GA2 // 2.2 / 2.6 ¦ GC1 // 1.1 / 1.2 ¦ GC8 // 8.2 ¦

revisions

[Above: As existing typical office floor plan, East Tower].

[Above: Typical floor plan from within the radical commune, showing collective living, 2050].

[Above: As existing typical office floor plan, Mid Tower].

[Above: Typical floor plan taken from within Tijd Construction offices].

revisions

65 COPYRIGHT RETAINED BY XSITECOPYRIGHT ARCHITECTURE RETAINED LLP. DO BY NOT XSITE SCALE ARCHITECTURE : CHECK ALL LLP. DIMENSIONS DO NOT SCALE ON SITE. : CHECK ANY ERRORS ALL DIMENSIONS OR DISCREPANCIES ON SITE. ANY TOERRORS BE OR DISCREPANCIES TO BE

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xsite architecture xsite architecture LLP LLP

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DIAGRAMMING Shown on the right is a diagramming exercise. With the building proving to be rather complex this diagram was mostly an attempt to arrange my own thoughts in a physical format in order to convey them. As a result of this methodology the diagram has taken on a resemblance to early mapping work. It shows the relationship between top-down aspects of the design (in black) and bottom up aspects (in white). It shows all the inputs and outputs into the building and the closed loop material nature of new developments. GA2 // 2.2 / 2.3 / 2.4 / 2.5 ¦ GC1 // 1.2 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC4 // 4.1 / 4.2 / 4.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.1 ¦ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ¦ GC8 // 8.1 / 8.2 / 8.3 ¦ GC9 // 9.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Diagramming].

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DEROTTERDAM ZUID FROM THE NORTH A view taken from North of the River Maas in the municipality of Rotterdam. Here you can see that DeRotterdamZuid is the only remaining tall building on the Kop van Zuid serving as a beacon of what the new municipality of RotterdamZuid is capable off. GA2 // 2.2 ¦ GC5 // 5.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: DeRotterdam Zuid from the North].

DEROTTERDAM ZUID FROM THE SOUTH A view taken from a typical street in RotterdamZuid looking to depict the effect DeRotterdamZuid has on the municipality and how the ideology of this design has spread through the region. The design of DeRotterdamZuid has always served as a microcosm to the effect the platforms are to have on the entire region. In this visual you can see the collection of materials by drones in order to be reprocessed. GA2 // 2.2 ¦ GC5 // 5.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: DeRotterdam Zuid from the South].

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Depicted on the right is the final result of the construction manifesto. The visualisation depicts the diversity of which can be developed in the new builds along with their relation to the typical Dutch canal houses. It is this aspect of the design that truly situate it in the Netherlands. GA2 // 2.2 ¦ GC2 // 2.3 ¦ GC5 // 5.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Vernacular Architecture visualisation].

MATERIAL RE-PROCESSING The visualisation captures the nature of the material re-processing level. Here unwanted materials, chosen following the computerisation of materials, are brought to be re-processed into new sheet materials. It is these material of which Tijd use to rent out the base tool kit for construction of new dwellings. Here you can see the nature if this floor, drones completing all the work with no human involvement. A mass off cables , machinery and production. GA2 // 2.2 ¦ GC6 // 6.3 ¦ GC9 // 9.3 ¦ [Adjacent Page: Material re-processing level visualisation].

INTERNAL CONDITIONS On the right you can see the internal conditions of DeRotterdamZuid. The nature of drones flying around, even transporting people, walkways cantilevering over the void spaces, exposed services and circulation along with the 3D printing of the metal exoskeleton.

CONNECTION TO GROUND FLOOR Following feedback from the final crit it had been noted that the connection between the building and the ground floor had not been depicted. The visualisation on the following pages looks to define this relationship. Here you can see the effect that pedestrianising the region has had. Cars and public transport are on new below ground levels freeing up the ground floor for people and cycling. GA2 // 2.2 ¦ GC5 // 5.3 ¦ GC6 // 6.3 ¦

[Adjacent Page: Visualisation of the internal conditions. Following Pages: Visualisation showing the connection to the ground floor ].

- CONCLUSION Semester One

Throughout this semester I have explored current themes of interest. In exploring these themes I have conducted intensive research and critical analysis supported by non-design modules. Seminars have given me the opportunity to talk through readings and evaluate my understanding of key texts. One of my priorities coming into the semester was to develop my knowledge of architecture in relation to precedents and theory. I feel this has developed considerably through this semester. I have begun to develop my own opinion on current issues in architecture. In this project in particular I began to look into the role of the architect and the architectural education system. I have enjoyed looking to tackle current issues and produce work that could influence others through participation in a research based studio. For the next semester my main aim is to look more into the way buildings are constructed and environmental aspects in relation to this. But through doing this I want to continue to challenge traditions. Rather than producing standard details I want to look into how detailing can relate to the overall design ambition of a project. Through this semesters project I created an alternative way in which a city can develop. This challenged all current notions of what a city is and how it should be developed. Moving forward I would like to develop this further and see how this kind of design, a design for bottom up architecture, could be supported both through how it is detailed, and how a project such as this would be run in terms of the role of the architect. GA2 // 2.7 ÂŚ GC6 // 6.1 / 6.2 / 6.3 ÂŚ GC7 // 7.2 ÂŚ

- APPENDIX 1: REVISED WORK Following Final Crit

Pg 56 - 63: Zoomed in versions of final section of DeRotterdamZuid presented in conjunction with relevant narrative. Pg 78 - 79: Render to explore the connection of DeRotterdamZuid with the ground floor plane. Pg 64 - 65: Floor plans presented showing typical plans for collective living in the radical commune, Tijd Construction administrative core along with a ground floor plan.

- APPENDIX 2: ARB CRITERIA MAPPING The Graduate Attributes for Part 2

GA2 With regard to meeting the eleven General Criteria at Parts 1 and 2 above, the Part 2 will be awarded to students who have: 1 - ability to generate complex design proposals showing understanding of current architectural issues, originality in the application of subject knowledge and, where appropriate, to test new hypotheses and speculations; 2 - ability to evaluate and apply a comprehensive range of visual, oral and written media to test, analyse, critically appraise and explain design proposals; 3 - ability to evaluate materials, processes and techniques that apply to complex architectural designs and building construction, and to integrate these into practicable design proposals; 4 - critical understanding of how knowledge is advanced through research to produce clear, logically argued and original written work relating to architectural culture, theory and design; 5 - understanding of the context of the architect and the construction industry, including the architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role in the processes of procurement and building production, and under legislation; 6 - problem solving skills, professional judgment, and ability to take the initiative and make appropriate decisions in complex and unpredictable circumstances; and 7 - ability to identify individual learning needs and understand the personal responsibility required to prepare for qualification as an architect.

(Extract from ARB, Available at: http://www.arb.org.uk/files/files/ARB_Criteria.pdf)

- APPENDIX 3: ARB CRITERIA MAPPING The General Criteria at Part 1 and Part 2

GC1 Ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements. The graduate will have the ability to:

GC7 Understanding of the methods of investigation and preparation of the brief for a design project. The graduate will have an understanding of:

1.1 - prepare and present building design projects of diverse scale, complexity, and type in a variety of contexts, using a range of media, and in response to a brief; 1.2 -understand the constructional and structural systems, the environmental strategies and the regulatory requirements that apply to the design and construction of a comprehensive design project; 1.3 - develop a conceptual and critical approach to architectural design that integrates and satisfies the aesthetic aspects of a building and the technical requirements of its construction and the needs of the user.

7.1 - the need to critically review precedents relevant to the function, organisation and technological strategy of design proposals; 7.2 - the need to appraise and prepare building briefs of diverse scales and types, to define client and user requirements and their appropriateness to site and context; 7.3 - the contributions of architects and co-professionals to the formulation of the brief, and the methods of investigation used in its preparation. GC8 Understanding of the structural design, constructional and engineering problems associated with building design. The graduate will have an understanding of:

GC2 Adequate knowledge of the histories and theories of architecture and the related arts, technologies and human sciences. The graduate will have knowledge of:

8.1 - the investigation, critical appraisal and selection of alternative structural, constructional and material systems relevant to architectural design; 8.2 - strategies for building construction, and ability to integrate knowledge of structural principles and construction techniques; 8.3 - the physical properties and characteristics of building materials, components and systems, and the environmental impact of specification choices.

2.1 - the cultural, social and intellectual histories, theories and technologies that influence the design of buildings; 2.2 - the influence of history and theory on the spatial, social, and technological aspects of architecture; 2.3 - the application of appropriate theoretical concepts to studio design projects, demonstrating a reflective and critical approach. GC3 Knowledge of the fine arts as an influence on the quality of architectural design. The graduate will have knowledge of:

GC9 Adequate knowledge of physical problems and technologies and the function of buildings so as to provide them with internal conditions of comfort and protection against the climate. The graduate will have knowledge of:

3.1 - how the theories, practices and technologies of the arts influence architectural design; 3.2 - the creative application of the fine arts and their relevance and impact on architecture; 3.3 - the creative application of such work to studio design projects, in terms of their conceptualisation and representation.

9.1 - principles associated with designing optimum visual, thermal and acoustic environments; 9.2 - systems for environmental comfort realised within relevant precepts of sustainable design; 9.3 - strategies for building services, and ability to integrate these in a design project.

GC4 Adequate knowledge of urban design, planning and the skills involved in the planning process. The graduate will have knowledge of:

GC10 The necessary design skills to meet building usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; requirements within the constraints imposed by cost factors and building regulations. The graduate will have the skills to:

4.1 - theories of urban design and the planning of communities; 4.2 - the influence of the design and development of cities, past and present on the contemporary built environment; 4.3 - current planning policy and development control legislation, including social, environmental and economic aspects, and the relevance of these to design development.

10.1 - critically examine the financial factors implied in varying building types, constructional systems, and specification choices, and the impact of these on architectural design; 10.2 - understand the cost control mechanisms which operate during the development of a project; 10.3 - prepare designs that will meet building usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; requirements and comply with UK legislation, appropriate performance standards and health and safety requirements.

GC5 Understanding of the relationship between people and buildings, and between buildings and their environment, and the need to relate buildings and the spaces between them to human needs and scale. The graduate will have an understanding of:

GC11 Adequate knowledge of the industries, organisations, regulations and procedures involved in translating design concepts into buildings and integrating plans into overall planning. The graduate will have knowledge of:

5.1 - the needs and aspirations of building users; 5.2 - the impact of buildings on the environment, and the precepts of sustainable design; 5.3 - the way in which buildings fit into their local context.

11.1 - the fundamental legal, professional and statutory responsibilities of the architect, and the organisations, regulations and procedures involved in the negotiation and approval of architectural designs, including land law, development control, building regulations and health and safety legislation; 11.2 - the professional inter-relationships of individuals and organisations involved in procuring and delivering architectural projects, and how these are defined through contractual and organisational structures; 11.3 - the basic management theories and business principles related to running both an architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s practice and architectural projects,

GC6 Understanding of the profession of architecture and the role of the architect in society, in particular in preparing briefs that take account of social factors. The graduate will have an understanding of: 6.1 - the nature of professionalism and the duties and responsibilities of architects to clients, building users, constructors, co-professionals and the wider society; 6.2 - the role of the architect within the design team and construction industry, recognising the importance of current methods and trends in the construction of the built environment; 6.3 - the potential impact of building projects on existing and proposed communities.

(Extract from ARB, Available at: http://www.arb.org.uk/files/files/ARB_Criteria.pdf)