Table of Contents Foreword Frans B. M. de Waal Acknowledgments List of Contributors 1 War, Peace, and Human Nature: The Challenge of Scientific Objectivity Douglas P. Fry Section I: Ecological and Evolutionary Models 2 Evolution and Peace: A Janus Connection David P. Barash 3 Conflict and Restraint in Animal Species: Implications for War and Peace Hanna Kokko 4 An Ethological Perspective on War and Peace Peter Verbeek 5 Cooperation, Conflict, and Niche Construction in the genus Homo AgustĂn Fuentes Section II: Lessons from Prehistory: War and Peace in the Past 6 Why the Legend of the Killer Ape Never Dies: The Enduring Power of Cultural Beliefs to Distort Our View of Human Nature Robert W. Sussman 7 Pinker's List: Exaggerating Prehistoric War Mortality R. Brian Ferguson 8 Trends in Cooperation and Conflict in Native Eastern North America David H. Dye 9 From the Peaceful to the Warlike: Ethnographic and Archaeological Insights into Hunter-Gatherer Warfare and Homicide Robert Kelly 10 The Prehistory of Warfare: Misled by Ethnography Jonathan Haas & Matthew Piscitelli 11 The Prehistory of War and Peace in Europe and the Near East R. Brian Ferguson Section III: Nomadic Foragers: Insights about Human Nature 12 Peaceful Foragers: The Significance of the Batek and Moriori for the Question of Innate Human Violence Kirk Endicott 13 Social Control and Conflict Management among Australian Aboriginal Desert People Before and After the Advent of Alcohol Robert Tonkinson 14 Aggression and Conflict Resolution among the Nomadic Hadza of Tanzania as Compared with their Pastoralist Neighbors Marina L. Butovskaya 15 South Indian Foragers' Conflict Management in Comparative Perspective Peter M. Gardner 16 The Biocultural Evolution of Conflict Resolution between Groups Christopher Boehm 17 The 99%-Development and Socialization within an Evolutionary Context:
XI XV XVII
1 23 25 38 54 78
95 97
112 132
151 168 191
241 262
278
297 315 341
Growing Up to Become a "Good and Useful Human Being" Darcia Narvaez
341
Section IV: The Primatological Context of Human Nature 18 Chimpanzees, Warfare and the Invention of Peace Michael L. Wilson 19 Evolution of Primate Peace Frances J. White, Michel T. Waller, & Klaree J. Boose 20 Conflicts in Cooperative Social Interactions in Non-Human Primates Sarah F. Brosnan 21 Rousseau with a Tail: Maintaining a Tradition of Peace among Baboons Robert M. Sapolsky 22 Conflict Resolution in Non-Human Primates and Human Children Maaike Kempes, E. H. M. Sterck, & B. Orobio de Castro
359 361
Section V: Taking Restraint against Killing Seriously 23 The Evolution of Agonism: The Triumph of Restraint in Nonhuman and Human Primates Douglas P. Fry & Anna Szala 24 Social Signaling, Conflict Management, and the Construction of Peace Paul ("Jim") Roscoe 25 The Challenge of Getting Men to Kill: A View from Military Science Richard J. Hughbank & Dave Grossman 26 Man the Singer: Song Duels as an Aggression Restraint Mechanism for Nonkilling Conflict Management Joรกm Evans Pim
389 406 421 439
449 451 475 495
514
Section VI: Conclusions 27 Cooperation for Survival: Creating a Global Peace System Douglas P. Fry
541 543
Index
559