วารสารเมืองโบราณ ปีที่ ๓ ฉบับที่ ๒ by Muangboran Journal

111LiiUHiiU ••• R1U

Aid

UYl rn

VOLUME 3

NO 2

...

\JHIYl

UUU'Yl

•

LQ1U8~

...

....

111t'111LlJt>-ll1J11tu

UJO-ll\J1101 '1001

G BORA

URNAL JANUARY-M

AB1'U10011 " • ~..

1h:: ll'l 11 tJZ'I1\UJ

......

~Qftn11

fl11lJUl

tf1'111 11tJZ'I1\.ll

...

......

d. 1J11tJ1tJtln

AOI::AQfl't11

N. ;l'l1n11lJ~H·lU.,-11.,~1.,-l ....

't1thnH1

A,.ll,.

"1"' .. ., ... R1fW1 1 nn infllJ

...

......

,;,rm ·tflnTn~JJ

11ffl.l1n-1 n1'111 nv::~t\.111

"·...

...

b& aanuuu

\.1\.l'rl::

... ., J l'"ll"\.1~

...

'vo::n1' ~0 tJ1tu1~..n1'\JtllJ

...

'11-l"IY1'11 'l.lmnu

;fi~B liiH011U~Q ... •

'11\.l ~

......

nmul'lvnnlJ

" o~ ·mo

01fl11\J1fl'll uo1

,,ntt ...

do vn::uml1t'l1-l: fnl1Lfln::H

\J1 n11Yilf'l" I On 10\.l ~

...

JJ.fJ. nm1'"" • ...

........

'Yi~1tJ YlOIYi-1" \.lYifltl LfllJtJffti\J\.1

...

d .I "'

tl1l'ilJVi-U1~(11(11

,~~,,.

...

,fY'!... n~fl,

«~•o ln~-1~1

nuvn11'111h::n-1fl n~-1Ll1'11.,

im. l•tcll.-lfl.b.., 111011 ...

1\.lfl

... .. ., l'llt\1'11'11111\.ltl~n

...

f!1Jf111

'.,

mryf1111fl1'111 6

'"""'

... ell!c:/ t'11ntunlJtJtJ'Yl LHU

l'!ltJ\.l\.l'rl\.1

... ...

• JJ7;i, .r;itrnfJJJ

d ..

...

M1'U

ecnct l'il'inn W"¥11 llliU 1J1111YiUU1U

111n11 11Jo-1lun01

ed..o u~U1t'I~U

..chu...

n~-11Y1Yi., I. lm. 1.1.1.-clect.., I

fl 0

. ., .. ...

...

CD If, bl.

•

QfiQ1,.'U111

u1"Y1 Rn"flntJ1lJ ,,n,. in1. l.cle - ebcno

,.ll,.'t1 ...

... J n~-lntJ11J011'111JYI

«-•o

J .. ...

11'11\JYi11

do 01fl11 .., fl\.l\.l11'11fi11\;\.lntl1-1

OHIY1'11.,

Mural Painting of Wat Wang

.., .,

Kieti akdi Chanon-nart The Principality of Wa t Phu 14

Dr . W. J. Van Liere Khmer Art in fan 22

NorNa Paknam The

orthea t of Thailand 41

during the Lopburi

Sri akara

\JtJZ'I11 Otl'!11fl\.l\.l'rl 1tJZfl1 Y10-11Jf11 .,

tlt'!1Ut'llJtJt'll~1J1

d..Q

II. f11 1f1n111

...

1h::v1 on'!110:: ln\.lo \;nlfl'!l ... "'

11:111:1 flt'IULLUU'\Jt>lJLUnlflVt'!lU

na.au1101111011

""'v

LLfl1U1~n d ~ 'Ill

tfJOfJIImn~ll m/fl

1'11Pfll

•liiHOI1

(

ect

'lln111 nfltJ11111\.l1 .,...

U1101111011

....

tntn,Pfnfl V1UIJIJ11D

' ' 1J1\.l" 1"'' nn lnfllJ n\.1L\.1 fHnn1 " J ~"~nv f!111fll~0

over Picture 4

er iod

al/lbhotama

Orabhim - Prajit 65 .

'Piyaporn The Khmer • mpire 70

M .C. Subhadradts Diskul Augkor : An ArchitecturaL Analy

Anuvit Charernsupkul Lo

hing

ha 110

Kanchanagabhun Where Wa

uvanabhum 128

Manit V allibhotama

::1.111

rtt.r.UfliMUUUt-Gt ltll ~ 1 L R.1flLW ..

~If

~ U1 ~, M.LGHM.LIAHl LIA:: ~ 1Aflltt.H4.f1tll't1 '"'""' llf llf 0 ,. p U L rt ~ l M.UL M. t- L flG tlflU LU flttU fllMHll U I I p • I> flrt,U::Uifl11 ~fl::Uifl11flGR.

LR.tUUHflllfl ..._ ,..

,..

t-aR. fltt U fllfl nL UU:: IU R Ull H:: Lt ~1 t~H ,. ,. p '"'" ..

:a UUUUftlt~1 ...

fliAtttat-GR. tMPL .. ttttU p ... ,.

M.ft

.. .. ,.

-DMrlLtJil":;LtY1ttLU - ttU"tiH\::tK t-at 1 ,. ..

flLWIAnttt.U

UIA 1::t[\ t-LIHLULA.tU M.

,.•

t-aR.L 16flLU ttl flaR.nUtflU1 tflLW::U.W1 ~

'I' "

fl~l l!)t-L flatt nltlLI.lalHUM.l t-afllfttn ~ I Jl> ... ., II' If nu llft~Ht l.lrtl W rt t-lb LA. M. flU UIA 1:: t fl ,. p ,. ,. • ~ t' ,. I" "'lfl an.t- at 1.tfl Lt~ lflR. 1 nan. nuln. fltR. b. ~

1At-a.t1M.nt 't~

l.lUUl!) Ul!)tiAUI.l

...

-LtlflULUt-aR.

...

llf

fliA~LRLUM.ntlrt

...

fltl!)U GflR nrt

'f"P

l.. t-Llfl

•

fl~~R.tLUt-flM 1lfl11 flQ ~

t\ftl!)~ft.lLtnl LR.tLRUUtLUL

,,..

...

t I

t\H1HlR. 3J3!1

'""ll

tft11 t-Ln.t1

ueA

"JQ t-GR.LRllUtlU

...

t-Lfla.t~M.::tMt-Gfl1flfli2Nlt\~

""''

L flt-U::U t\~ 1fl rtU If) 11 t-" ,.

.......

rt an. M. LU 1.1 t\ .UL U

::1111 ftl~LUt-Gfl1t-aR.Lt\ftt!M.tLUt-fln1 llHt-1.1 "'

,..

I"'~

::u 11 t 1t'L flGtiDRU1.tLUalflfltt\LGGa11AflG U ... I olt't II l!)t11MLUJJ fl t\ M.tLU~IA 1::tnt-an.u Ul flrt~ ... ~

I"'

1"',.

M.W11t\1 Ul!)tft.lt1tn LtM.H1H1 H::Lt~1t~1 ~p '"'If ill A.80[03el{:>Je ~

'"'

t-11.1 L M.fl11fl~tLUt't~l t-GR. ~I

t-Q.t1M.lftlLR.tflR.1

.(elU3WUOJ!t.U3

ueA "f'M

H 3J3!1

"JQ t-GR.

"lfd 18M

JO Al!lt:dpU!Jd 31fl I:'G.t1U11l!)l t\flU1tLU

... "ll'

. ...

-M.tttlt

,..

I "

II''"

$It>

•

t-GR.t-Qtlt\~f\1 Ut\Hftt\1t'rtULflfll!)1 M.M. ... "'': " & ~ ~ tnt.tllfl1Hl.nUtflU1tltt-Q.t1 t\LUG~LUt\l

'".'",.

11ft~ t

Uflt1~LG

.tnMUfl flJJL tuflt 1U

If~..

'·""

1>P

::U11 rt ij t-l.li:'L IAt.i.L U JJ ,.

rtGR.flflJ.lt\111 ,. p

.....

l.lfllftlt11::UmR.llt\fl11

~·

...

M.~t\ l ...

P,. ,lt

...

t\Ll.lQt\l!)11

...

flijt-J.l::U 11 t-G fl1.tLUHIAt\tHt\~' .t LU ... :-

l!)U1l!)1 Lrtttn. 0.•'"'""'

-::.t[\

~~~

IAIUttlt\UII.IAM.rt.llfl

,..

L tftH1Hl t- l!) IJ 11Qt.i.1Glflt\Ll.ltLUt\nt IPif

ftl

t-~M.rtll1 Lftftltlftnt Clll • IARtttlflUII.IA~4. l>lt I If Jl" '!" tLt1611t-lfl fl l!) martttllfltLan.tl!)1 rt.t 1ut 11 :1

t;-

...

t\flR.1 tl U ftGU ltl11 t\ U t-G !At-GR. rtt t

nurtJJ::LrtU1U1 GM.1GtH Ltl!)1

rtUnL.t1Art.lt1tnt\lf\1 t1AflLUU.tM.11 LR.M ' ,.. .... M7 I • -fl UUIA 1::t f\ U L ~ flQR.IUtllfl tl GIA~ flftnt ,. 't p ttflfll.l rtttLtfll,w::u 11flttun~t~muu nm lA 1t,. • I" ... ,. p 't rt.lL.tn l t-Qfl1t-QR.flGt t\LllJJ.UifltiULtn l

,.I·

I" '"'

'".,'t

Tlflllfl1tlUl!)U1H1 ltiHltlnt

flllUt-LIAtltt-Gt1GM.l.l1tLUM.1 t-t\H t' ~ t'

rt U 1fl flU M.IA lAG l.lt-M.Ht\ nt ::~ L t~1 t-tHt- ~ Jl" I ~ ..... I

~ 1 ftLliAM.L GHQ.J11GM. U 1Lrtt.i.LUU IAt\ n~ttl 1.1

l!)t N.1.1QtHnt.i.t\~l:'t.i.1t-lb l.. flHlllftGR. 't ,.. I If tll11Gllll1Lrtftll!) l.. fllllH

If~~~

t-G .tUL ~ l!)~ftU 1t-lb Tll\ofl.t tllt\~ti:'LLlt-1.1!\ 11 I

,..,.

-tlt t\ 1 ftll.l G~LUnUtflU11AilLWIAn

·~·rt fltL~

"'~'""'" ·

If..

RHUIAM.~fl~1

l!) iji\JLtntUtt ~

p,.

1\Lll.Urt.lLtn l

!;-

Jll

,....tnMUflrtJJM.1M.LI2GijLUt-GR.rtttll ,. ..

ttORtU~LIULB t-G.tlrtlt~IAn

f\1 t1Al!)1 M.UttLaUl~M.1

UaGUf\11LIU.tUl!)1 tULf\UUfltU l!)~IULtnl t-QUI:'OR.

RU1M.fllftttt-a.t 1flLWIAn

'"' ll: .. If t-GR.flttllt\~t::ll11fl~t-Ut-LIAt\1

::IURUUt'llf\1 t-LtUfllflR.t-fl tfll!)1t-lflG '" I> ill If '" ~ I t- flt.i. 1lfl11 Ill!) ~ 1::t t.i. ::u 11 f\i lliAf.i. ::t M ~ tLU ~

GtH

l!)flH l!) ~ lt1

I"'"'

,. ....

t\l.lHl Gflttfl::~IAULfl

tLJJtltt\1 l!)1 LIA1t-Gft1tLU::~l.11 ~UIRtU1

flfll.ltt1 tL.tt- a .tmn1tU111Aflll1M.' 1!)1 rtll1 ,. ~ t Jl> J1 't I ~ If~~~ '• t-GJJG.tU tfll!)1rtl.l1t-IHA1.tLUtltl\ lflLUl!)J.l

ftl

Lft.tLUrtl!)tt-fl 0

'""

UrtGR.Lit :: ~UL~UGM.ftftU1 J1 o ~~ I ~

flijt-JJ ,.

f\t

IULtRlt8tt1 II'

It-

...

,_.

p. l

't/o

)If

tltiJJ.LUI6t::tflt-LIAtltt-G t1t-ll P., I" t' ~ UUJJ,

l.. t'LtullflGil.Gt\JJ.1tlUflWlfll I

...

flrtl.lfllllH~flrllllH

M. L t\ l At L rt t\ n 1rt L t

lfl t:: .t

.. P

f\ fl lA ft l!) 11ft l!) l> 't

...

rlattLL~ QijLUnUt-Gn.trlU1t-~t-rl

ttnt::LtM. 1 ,

::u 11ft~ [\.t flttU Lrt ~ ::t f\ ::t,m t\~IALJH.t[\

'"If 't ,. IULtrl1 t0tt1

I'"'

ftlH1 fttl.ltl.tt'G.t1 M.fll.l1 If I ft b l

•"

LnrtLt.~ 0

n1~l1u1tln COVER PICTURE

Pra at Ku

ida

built in brick the lintel of which

wa decorated ' ith tucco f1gure of dancing deitie , tyle. Thee f1gure have completely Lopbur1 been de troyed and plundered .

The picture above

i al o the lintel of Ku

which

1da

taken,

when the dancing f1gure till remained, by Mr. Manit Valllbhotama during hi archaeological urvey about 16 year

ago.

~c;l.,fl~~1Jr,JI~i!"\1

·1c;r1\1

eel "1

oY fl1 Rfl. l. cn&:d " ~OHJltJlh:; h~ IJ!" l~tl<1<l I "''.!. tl t L ~ nHllllt'l 11l1l'l'lt:ln1 1 1H1fll l'I'U 'Uf1'1~:;

liD

..!.

L'llJLl\llt'llJtJl'tlnHWl •

Llf!ZlJ1Ufi1Lfln

..!.

lJtll'tlnlt'lYl 121 Rfl. la! CJl &:d

w ...

.. .,

'"'

·~nW1tHh:: 1rt l.J~fi11J1:: (~lH1111l1~ff) l!n1uYn::tJ1tnl.~ (uou) 1~111JO-llunJJtJ1'!1n1nY1 c1 ....

. . .

IIJO-ll'IYlM

It#

...

1J~~lJUfltlW1!JYIOO!JY1 ~1U 1011 ~ 111JO-ll'IYltl-l

.,j

.. ~

1Jft1t1 tlW1!J 111 Ul'-411 !JtJ 11!J-ll't-lff 11fl11

-4 q 'w .. .,, ., L., tl-l \Jl~ \JlV n uo-l r.lu -l Ylf! \Jl:: 1u vvn , al ( 'HU lm::u-,::1!1\.I)L lJ\.1~()\.IlJUr-l~ty LL 1'1:: 0.,

1~u

11.1.,

..nlJtl·n01\Jl

;\Jl.,flnllr-hr-ni'~l--~1--~

.,.

L~uulu

al nmnYl d. ftlJU't'l.,::Ul''r~YlM (Ylu) LUll ol

L~ 1 LlJ ()~

.. YiYlM

~~l1C'l fl JlU'tN fill ~U

LlJ ()~

" ••• \Jl()lJl'r'n::tlWlYlM ' .. ("')ltl YllJ 't1 ~

•

"Ht~l-lunm::um (ull) ~

lJlLH-,UlJlJlLL\JlL'\Jl

'ltl-,vLVllJU

.jj

L"t!UlJ'LlJ()-lLnlYl~

..... .,

..!, -, ()OlLL't'i~ LlJ()~Yl L'\Jl 0

•

\.,

m'bnm~LlJV-l't"iYlM

n-,::uvn )I

nuht

'1 "t!U lJ ""-,lJ 1 ..u1..IJ \'1-l.. '\J -,tild

.... ~<4 .. • .. 1~1-l 'll-lLlJ\.Il~'\J()~Yn::U1YiY1M (YlV~... It c4 .. .jj t .,, • ~ '\J11) lJ~l '\JUL\J\.11~0()\.11 Llfll'INLlJ()-3 .. t ...... <; "" 't"iYlM Y1-lfl1Jll11-,() LlJ\'IOLLtl::L~~[J 01\.1 ~.

•

...

tl-4

ua::11~L'\JUU't'nVlJLft., u-,u-,t\1 1~1l-l1U

& ..., • i d flllJl()fl Ylfffl 't'i.f!.

•«

nt'IM t\11\.1 &

'-''

.,)al

fl1'11lnllll 'r'n::Ul'r'lYlfl-l (YllJ 0

...

"' .,

L\J\.1

r-lUl"t11-lL'\JUUl~'tU::LLfll "

flHLYlYi.,

•

lJ1

L'\J UU'Yil ~1 ~ ~1UY11Ul ()-l LflU-,u-, 1"ttfl1-, c4 d I" .... ~ LlJ\.IlJHl~Lt)fl()U LlJ ()-l'Hfll-lfflJU-, "ttfl 1f1Yl \., d

d'1t/

•

t •

LlJ V-l'r'iY11'1 -l '11-lL UflHlHifl-l ~::L~ LHULL lJlJ ~

()UN

e1 tl \Jl-,fl.,.,lJl~'t"i-,::LLfl1

..!, ..

\1tl

-l

L~\.11"111-l

~1fll~'r'i-,::LL flllJ1L'\Jli\.IYll~l-l .:j tl .jj tl 'o..t _, •

LlJtlYll\.1

LlJUL lllJ()-lLL'ell LL\Jl()flUliH\.1-l

11 \Jl-,-

...

..!,

.,""' ., HU'IYlff \Jl::lu \Jlfl

'II

•

L'\JUUnl't'mVULLfll '

"ttl[J L\.1 u Ll1()-lf)Yi.,::tl-,::n1U'I1lJ L~\.1 ~1tl

'li1U -'\Jll'\JMnllU-,VtiLLfll .. d

L'\JU\.Inl't'l

llfl'I!J()[JIJl()U?IH

\Jl()UlJUL'\JUUnl't"it'}l'I!J

ffl\.I\Jl()Uflfl1-lL '\JUUn 1't'H Y11~1 L-,U-l\Jl ()fl t1 al "1.1.. .. ... .jj LU'Unlm Yl'r'i"ttlJUlJ LUll-lHU 'IYlffL H\.1 ()Ul'l:: ' ...... ., L~ i~UVll L'HU tln l't'n"iYl'I!U-,::191 '\JV-l HU 'I

.... ,

'<I

..•

'li'IHU-l1111U'H1'1'1Yi-,::U-,::111Utl lJ ' ~ ~ w"' .. I LL lJ\JtlliHflUL'\Jll\.1 L'HlJ()Ufl lJ \Jl-,flUlJH1

.........

Ntl'll111ll11" \Jfl ~d

()flY1'1NU'IlJ1-,N~tyU U -.1 I

nl't'HLlJ'tn::n-,t\1 n fl1'11llfltllJ 1n lltl"' L~llflLll

L't'lll'l LL\Jl "'ll.ltl

()'IY11Y1H HLL\Jifl\Jl Hfl\.1 LU\JN L dt .,Jl

11,,..

n-,tiL111ll~IJI.,fl.,.,lJ uiunoYl-lt'ftl-ll~u

.,~

•

- LL~'I

tl-,1fl1JU.,::1 \Jl11L'\J lltl i~U"tt11LlJ V-l\.1

"tt V

~.~

~·

q" . .

(Indian red) nu1L'IU (Prussian -~~

blue) un::t'IL'\Jlll (Sap green) q

im-lt'lt11UL'Hty llfl111l\'1111t'fl1'1 , ... , , ..... t ... ~ t i ~[J l "ttt'l't'i1LL1'1::t'IU1L'I'UL'\Jli\.IU 1 lJ Ill • .. t q LlJtl'l LL1'1::nL'\J1 fl\Jt,\.1 1\JI11'1- LL~-lL'\JU'\.1 ll •... .:1 ., i Uu.I'"'-,lJlt\1'\J()-l nL'\J1LL a::'t'i\.1~\.IL lJUHCl fl ~ t • ' .. Jl n Y1 'I V-ll1-,t\I::L fl ()lJ ~::L Y11fltl tl ()fl ~1fl\.l q

L"ttt'ILL111'1L'\JUU 1~vn::'t'iY111L 1LLn::uHLLH'I

0, ... ·.,.,

'\JV-ln l't"i ~

•

~tlq

\'!YlL"ttL'\Jll\.1 t1LL~-l t'1~1 t'I'\J11\'!Ll11'1M -.Itt .qt (-,'1) m (Cerulean blue) t1U19111'1

1'till vu~ \Jl., nn111 ~ll11.,1U n ( vum-l tl ., el ., Gl t ., .... ~ el '\J1lJl~l~) tl\.ILlJU-31\.1-,llJt'llJliL Ulfl\.1 -I

( 'HMl'n::u-,::1!1\.1)

...

fl-,-, lJ 1 ~ 1-l L'\J ll U L~ ll "tt H LlJ () -l 'r'i Y1 ~ -l ..tl

,.....

LU\I~Vutl-, U 't'l't"i1U

LL n::l'lf!tyl\Jl '\J()-l Yll\.1 fl L~H flU ()'t'W'r'UJl()~ ~ ol .:1 , flHLYl't"i •1 \Jl()UYl ·n::UlVY1U1!'nlJLlJUL~1 .jj.

.jj '

. , .:1 ' .. q .. al ' ~::IJIV-3 LlJ U-l1\.l -,llJftlJ liL~Ulfl \II Uti LL U

lzd.oCl'l" ,

., '"'

~() LUll-lH\HYlf!L'HU()L~llt'ltlt'l ~Yl~ 1\.IHM

ml"H Ln 111fll.,\Jl111n U'\JV'It'f n1u

'11lJU'I'\JU tl-i

...

1111lJflUU111Y1V'IL unWH'\JUU~lU LL~ t U VlllJlfl LQ'ril::n1YHY11~1LL 1'\::"t!U"t!Ut'l 'I

..,. ., .!!;,

lOUlVIft0\>1 ~

flOI::CfOlUfUJO,lJftUU"

unonunn.1

... 41...

l'l-lf111~1,'1H1tl-l .,

....

11 IJ1J11 IJ-llfi1Jl1tl1-lf1111-

., •

1911 (rltll ,unh,1-lfl) - ' " MJJ11J1::v ::m-.1 'Ufl 11 U1'11 n 1m MtiiJIJ n1v ...

1.ff. •"'• ....

•

rn::Ul'lU11ftiJiflt., Lt1l'l1n11J-

., ....

l'l1::1J1ll1f111U1 91911-lff

'H1UUU1'Hl ~

1 "'::tfllJlOftl"'

Mural Painting of wat Wang Patalung Kietisakdi Chanon-nart W t Wang i

ituated in

Amphur time when the war wa

It wa formerly

Lam Pam . Patalung

re tored by It i

Phraya Patalung (Tab ) .

the important war of the town, where that thi

go ernor had

background

aid

image.

brought a

Th1

enhance

performed.

That it Wat Phra Kae9 in Bangkok to do the

built in the heart of the old 1860.

of the herm1t on

the upper and of the rows of deiti

been called Wat Wang i be au e jop here; the painting wa fini hed in on the middle.

it wa

main

surrounded by figure of the demon

the ceremony of taking the Water of painter who u ed to paint the wall of on the lower part Allegiance wa

the

decora t ive frame wa

However another rumor put tep-clwm- pum

Row of deities or continued above the

town of Pataluog clo e to the re i-

it that the painter wa

dence of the governor Ph ray a Pa ta I u ng. According to the chronicle, it wa

ti ve of Pa ta lung who learnt how to dha to the north and the ou th wall .

in fact, a na- scence on the lif

hi tory of the Bud-

paint in Bangkok and u ed to paint The pace on the panels between the

fir t built by Phraya Patalung ( Tbongkhao ) in the Fir t reign and com-

ever it may be, the painting of Wat some epi ode

pleted later in 1816 during the reign

Wang re emble mo t mural painting Unfortunat ly, at pre ent the e J taka

of King Rama II. At the pre ent time

in Bangkok. In P talung it i con- ccne have already peeled off due to temporary to mural painting in Wat the damageou condition of the wall.

Wat Wang remain a quiet war about

the wall of Wat Phra Kae .

What door and window were painted with

5 km . from the provincial city, ac- Viharn Burg located on the oppo ite ce sible by a road which pa e

it to side of the road.

the Lake Lam Pam to the ea t.

It is

characterized by a bod whic~ i

ur-

rounded

by a

rectangular cloi ter

Probably it was

painted by the arne arti t.

were painted on the upper level of

ourth reign

hou ing a row of itting Buddha . The

u ing multi color

red,

bod it elf i

white

the front and 6 window on each of the wall.

ide

All door and window

were framed

ith

tucco decoration .

What till in go d condition were cene of the life of the Buddha which

The painting in the bod of Wat the ioten r wall. Some ep1 ode were Wang wa typical of the

pierced by 2 door from

in the Jataka Stone .

yellow

beautifully painted and well arranged

black, 1n the proportion of form and pace, uch a a cene when the Buddha wa

cerulean blue, Indian

red, Pru ian blue and ap green. The being tempted by the three bewitching per pective method

applied

daughters of the Mara and the

ceoe

painting land cape; and the mountain

on the Great Renunciation . The mo t

On top of rhe building. newly carved

the tree and water w re p inted in

important and maje tic of all i

gable end have replaced the old one

a realistic way.

The major

which were removed to the nation l above the window mu eum in

ongkla.

of the bod

there i

At the front an image of a

pace

de oted to

depict the life hi tory of the Lord

cene on the

descending

heaven of the Lord Buddha. from the

cene

the

from the Apart

on the life of the

Buddha. It tarted from the outhern Buddha, there were al o

orne

cene

sitting Buddha- Phra Pa Lei - Lai,

back wall, with and epi ode on the on the daily life of the local people

attended

birth of the Buddha and progre ed

elephant.

monkey

and

Around the bod are row

of mall pagoda .

The main image

of the bod i made of

ubduing the Mara wa

cene on

painted . The

tucco erected story continued to the northern wall

in the middle of the building. the interior wall of the bod i

, nd ended with the cene on the death

deco- of the Buddha.

rated with beautiful painting . The mural painting of Wat Wang wa done in the

to the ea t wall where a

The western wall a

wh1ch were in many way orne a pact the

of the

ourth reign.

reflecting

ociety during

For example, the

cene that depicted a hunter hunting a wild boar and the

a caravan "'f ox cart

hine e with his hair

tyle

the back of the main Buddha wa

ect. All of them seemed to add more

painted

value to the mural painting of Wat

the form of a decorated

ourth reign at the frame .. ruan- kaeo,

erving

Wang.

The main tower of W t Phu

h mpa

c Lao.

An i olated and tone rna if named Phu Kao ri ing I 500 m. above the pla1n in outhern Lao induce a favourable micro nvironment that ha been t. k n advantage of by early farmer ince pre-hi toric time the principality of Wat Phu ( ig 1) , or mod rn hampa ac.

Tl1e Principalit.y

of Wat PllU D~

Prominent topographic feature uch a the Phu Kao have one e pecially

W.J. VanLiere

That thi

indeed done

hown by a regular grid of mall important effect on local climate: channel , still clearly vi ible on aerial they stimulate rainfall. Becau Phu photograph although they are not Kao cau e precipitation from u ed any more. On Fig. 1 orne of the fir t moi lure-lad n air rna e thee channel are indicated. A mor of the outhwe t mon oon farmer detailed analy i would be po ible if in Champa ac can plant rainfed pad photograph of larg r cale were a aidy a full month earlier th, n in other table. part of the ou thern Lao plain . But clear that the In a ny ca e it early rain are probably not the main civilization of Wat Phu had it econofactor for the Wat Phu civilization . mic foundation on small- cale irrigaOn theca t ide of Phu Kao mount in tion, even though the irrigated area i a number of mall permanent

pring

between the . Houei Kham uan, th Mekong and the Houei Ta north.

ng in the

Ancient rainfed land can b

located by mean of remant of scattered pond , still vi 1ble on a nal photographs and on topographiC map although the fi ld p tt rn may ha di appeared .

The

pond

at o

indicated in fig. I. ield work ~ ould no doubt I ate m ny mor . All the urrounding country, on the a t bank of the Mekong, a well a we t of the Hou i Khamouan wa and llll 1

rather limited not mor than 200 km 2 fore t,

with

hifting

cull! au n.

occur, who e water could ea ily be in all. Rainfed agriculture wa prac- Th refore the prin ip lily of Wat Phu led off to be directed and d1 tributed ticed overanadjacentarea about three wa a fu lly independent, If- uover the gently loping plain. times as large a the irrigated area tained economy .

..,

Ufl1\flAfl THE PRINCIPALITY OF WAT PHU ~

,.._ ; , 1

l I \

c~-

120

('~jJ (-

_,'

....

,,\

till

'' \

---- -

- ·

f!\ ~ 0 ~ VfUl'lnnl11'UTl.nrJu

- RAINFED AGRICULTURE

' fltUI-l, f1 UHI-l ftl::IOlllO,

n icnt pond

h3nn I , m

I~O-l11Jl101

nci nt earthw rk n icnt r ad

- - - t'l\J\Hili'u11J'J101 D

• \J-l

w mp

R1ti\Jftt'l1\J

n tu ry ~

U'Jl.J101'\JM'n\JYI01'JIO~III'J

•

2 ale 0iii;;iiii-.!!!l!!iiiiiiiiiiii? k m

___

,,~

imll of ulti '

•

11 n I

1\J 1\J'J::'t11 HU 1\Jll Ylfi\J 111 n::u 1\J 01'JYI1li1\J 1H\J ppro im te und3ry between 1rng t d and r:unfcd farmm

1 \Jilftfl-lL'\JflnL'\J 1 t

x 1500

•

utlinc of mountam ma 1f

'!S\J'J::fi1Jf111lJ -31\J\JilJfi'J

ti n in m .

'•

The cultivat d enclave of Wat

A major factor

u taining Shr

to the outh from the

anctuary and

Phu ha a rich hi tory inde d, but for -pura wealth, apart from permanent

the trace i vi ible on the aerial pho-

rea on that e cape comprehen ion no

tograph ov r a di tance of about four

fi ldwork ha

ever been carried out of flood damage from th

by archeaologi t . A

the

a rial

It i

till the

rallel to the pre ent bank of the Me-

It i likely that the medieval Mekong wa

more to the ea t. under- core one

Thi

situated

The

maller one

more the fact that not a

photograph

econd temple p o nd

the exi ting on

and

The

ize.

tur

fie in the modern· sense.

temple pond .

certainly older than th

The Low r Pra

hampa

ta-

( ig I).

tting of Angkor

wh rea

prings wa , agricu I tu re.

dif-

fAng-

very much larg r and

u ed for

true- flow of th two

ntire run-off fr m Phnom

ulen wa

traigh t road led

Phu ,

tting of hre ta-pura re em-

omewhat the

almo t th

rectan-

Thi

arne

Thorn, with Phu Kao fulfilling the

tructure, po ibly a dik

commercial centred pending on traf-

' rainfed ' part of the

outh of kor Thorn wa

imilar in

mea uring 1.5x0.75 km.

There f renee i that the temple city

Furthermore, there wa gular earth

pond

Wat Phu pond at B n That

reveal role of the Phnom Kulen .

orne more intere ting detail. wa a

which pura principality .

ene of the annual ritual

aerial

tempi

in th

thought to b of great antiquity.

ob ervation

the medieval temple city wa

of a

of the Buffalo acrifice and i therefore ble

ea tern

inally, m ntion hould b made

iz a

pond, there is a

moat of the city i built near and pakong.

such

km.

To the north of the large temple

ize, clearly vi ible photograph ·

worthwhile to note that th

cour e of th

Mekong:

that it is ju tout.

Thi i th

double-moated city of Shre ta-pura, about 2x2 km in

nee

the topography of the plain i

may be e pected, the land

supported a temple city.

agriculture, wa no doubt the ab

acral purpo e

hre ta-pura mo t of the mall, a

widely

cattered

tlflVlfl1llJ

o.t6I061o

e~.,d

•'

'ltJ"'1flty'i'!1l1l1Jt>11tJYi1'nJ'i'!lJtJ1 ~~n

"',

L'I-~11::V11~VI1~1Vlftl'l::1 ~tltln'lltl-lfH n1 <lo d .!.<~! 1 " 1 LfiVIlJt'\11!1lLnfi ") VllJ~1tltJL lJtllrt'lltJLLlN LVI ..,

'll ~ ~ 1 '11 n n 1111' ~ n 1lJ 1 ' t1 ~ 1 lJ 11'II LL'1 n 'l.l.ll.~ <I.e:! 40 •

'l1tJ

LUV11V1111JV1L1J'UL~I'U'i'!~

1V~tJ~1tJ

\Jl1 ")

11"

t1 ll ~ ll n::~1tJL l11'1U Ltl.:Jl]fffllU ... I d â&#x20AC;¢ ~ Vlu ,VI11Jn11L'!I D mn 1 Luu 1u 11lllt'ffl1UV1 I

C)J 1fl11tJ1H11tJ(\J ~ ,..," 4

n11nnnn11

!.o

'J... ~i1 ... ~LaJOUt UIIJ ... CU ~ ... ui1 ... 1JUJIOU

...,

~ ... A

... Q U\J&t:: lao U.

"""' (O.UU111

~'"l'lit'"l'l

LaJDa1U'I'"JCU

Ua.J81)

7D D'"JH'"l'l 3

â&#x20AC;¢

nUU'I'"ldDI'"lLUU I

1M'I.

11118.,43- II DID 311

nM. 2

4 .I

-4

,.1

"' .I

U11ft1'Yll1 UYUJ1!J !l.ffi u1::111U. Â·U.UJ 1Jfl1tlfftllJUn::nan!l U~fl~lSJ

Main pran

of Pra

Pimai.

...

"'.f

1/vHfl?vflUUJl/UfH ...

H'ltJ'Yiln'l

vnnufln

...

'"'

....

711

fl7ll

vot,

... " 7U'l::HJ7vlfJU'Y11VfJ1'ln 7·/11 111VfJUil.f/Ufl::?UtJtJnlfWv I

' vv~,

~II

....

r!'7

fl?llfiJJUJJU? ~ffJ/

OJ fiUUfJU'l 11?7UtJU11'l::ntJJJ

W'l::fN1111N 711~

f/Ovttm Ufl Jlfl!)::

-4/

flfJNv'YI::lfJJJ'H1flJJ'YI'ltJUlfJlJ 'Y/7U1JU'Yin ?'i::~171v1J 1Y.F1. GJO~Ql - GJOdd 77

' "... ~ vmu. . tJvmu~7-' "' tfl n F111::?"'UtJtJnlf.W 11 run:: 7·' ~ 1fU/7l111 Ufi::~11Jl117 11il.fl? JJUfJ')UFf'lWJ:ifl'l 7·' 111 zJ ._f Of/ 11117Vfl::?UtJtJnlf.Wv flfltJU 7ntJ1?WUllfJIUn7JJMn7 ' ~1zl ~ mJvmu mm Fffl::?UtJtJm.umn ttfl?Un?n?fl II

' 7zJ""11Fffl::?UtJtJnFJtJUfJIU tJF170J11'l:: .f ' v zJ ' 1: 7zl "" fltJIJ?nUU 11N11Fffl::?UtJtJnFJtJUfJ')UJJH71JJJ 7 ' 7zlmmFTfl::nmnwu ... v ._f ~zl ufl::1ltJ umu vJJUn? V

f/tJ

....

...

'l?JJ~Utmu

b ttfJJU

( cJ?v::izJ)

fl tJuhunt117ttfl::n::w"

LL UU'?Jel1J en

QJJt-tUU\1 tl ttrl n.t ~~ .trl1UJJtUllllt1. ",. ~.... ,.. "lop, '"'P t\f1ll11t\~11t\~

...

t\ ~ t\Uf1M.IALIA 1 .trtllo!t'QII.U 11L U1 j1U Ult f11 '" 't' I I I ... p> Ltnn .tntrtunnmtun.ttt-~t\llrtl.ltl' nuu I fO p I I> .. lt ,. ~~· to. rtllt'j1LU au4. uutMt.tntrtJJ Ltun.tt • • t\f1~~f1t-lla ,.

,..

1!-

•

,..

::tnltlLUQ lA.rtHI t'tl.l.Ht-Qrt1 ,.

't'l

::1.111 li.L1\LUf1ll11t-JJf1L.t1At\Lila ,.. Jl

,..

::un~1

t-an.rtitrtil.t-l.l.H11rt l!l1 ::tUlliAU IUIUU.4. ' .. ... ... ,. p Lt\ULUilLrtGU1 Lrtt\~t\f11 • IAt\rt.tttiJ ... " p ,.. ,. Ut\HHilQ

L~1::U.~IlrtJJ~11t-~llr1JJt\l ftQIIo ';I to ~ .C

t\tMt\MrtLWl!lU1U::Ut\~1.tU~LitlLQ ,.

-.p

...

rtGIIot'QIIo

Lnn LUJJ l!ll IJt'Q:: t~.U\ rt.ttltlLUQ t-QIIoll rtJJ I"' A .. P ,. ... ,. LrtQ~

rtL~tU M 1\lLQt'QIIot'QtlJl!lll~llo!t\ I

I" o

';I

IUH1

t-Il~ 't.C

,.. (nrt.tt.tlA.t\H trt) ,. t\J.l!.t~~t-QIIo.LHQlli.L.t::u.~ to.

t\f111Jt'G::.tM.t-ll. (ppoct- "'~ n "U"f,t) PP 't' nrt.r. t ru L u a L ~~:: .t f.tt- an.nrtu IH nu t-.t~ ,.

f1 q p

Ll.l.t1t\f11ULUll..t -I UQj11 t'tl.l. t\rt.ttltlLUQ

"' ,. "'"'I,. L~1::.tt.1.t'QIIollftJ.lll..tULUUH " ,. ,. ,.

"Hu.u.r.n n nt:: 1.1 n ~ 1L ttl.111 nun.t rt an !:" I.C ~,. LlllA.t 1\ll t f1l t'LlA.fb n U t\t\,.f1 ~~ ,.f1 p II. L .t ,.,.

Uftlt\LU

UJJLnL~Wt\t\W11t\t\llrtJJ

OQ I

'-tl

::1.1t1.~ lnrtU rtQIIot'QIIol U1t'tUHt-Qrt1Qll.t\f11 ,. • I • 1!\i> j:> n IAR.t.tt~Ul11At.~Grt1 ::.tj11ULUG ,.. • .\1.. t'llol Lt\rt11 rtl.1111, ::.t j11ULUQ Lll::U.~L ~ 1 J I I .. .C

~tt GlfHt 11rt~t\ ~

Lt\rt11rtk t\ L l!lttltiA Jl l

,..

to.Jll

L rtM.Q IJt ~RUt tU L tl!lll.t\ 11 t'L llQ t\U.tiAt\ f11 1!-

1'"1

I , . .. , . . , .

·cumfr1j UJO'fi!N ' lt~W id l CSCJ d

Lrt l.liH.t .t lm

rlUU.U\lUUUL.t(\11nLtU.t

... ...

... "

"' "'

dl,.

YltJtl'l1JJffJJtlnU'IJDJJ ,..

.....

n '!l'l::uunm.n L1

l'lll um-,nn m'lJJ1'!ltJL~tl1nu

t>1\Hl::1D1 t d ~ tltl 1'1'\JDlJ l1'l DlJU::tJ \Jnltlti'UL1 UUlJ 1\1 1n I I ' ~ c/-4 'l::uu 1n 111 n 'IJD'l~ uu~u D11 '!ltl D1fll uti <Jj '~ ' "' ,. I I -4 \JtllJO UlJ1'U1\J11t'l1 tltJH Vltlt1Hl1\J'l 4

<oj

\'IVIHJJ 1tlll1t!l 'IJD '~ \1 u uu Yl n11 1\1 u n:: tl

1 f1t1Dtl mt~l'ILL Dn'llt>'l.,.J u u

•

t>Dnt11L'l\'lf1D

"' ...

.,·n::1\11n11'llJUYI. ol

.,'Nft11~1'lrllJtiiJ1tl

'l'l1ff'U

~ nn ~ u nn

"',. I

nu I .& 1tl11'lD'l ~

•

1\'lun:: n11

tlft1tll1'llJ U 'YI1 'llLWVi'l:: 11'1! D 1 'U 1 \1 H'U1n Jl

:'t

.._

'.,.m nJJ n11\1 l'U1 ulJ 1n c/ U 1'lYI DYI'In'it'I'IJ tJ'l.,'i 1:: tJ 'lfl \1::11 H lJ 1fl 'l1lJ D'l -4 I,. u mu'l 1'le')JJ 1n U1JJ ~...

oil

cl,.~

\'ltJYitp 1t1 "'ll'l1<Jj1~t'IL~1'1Jtluuvmn1,1

'IJ 1YH \11tltJlJ'l U11'U 1\1::\'IH

-4 I c/ ,. <Jj'l LfW H h\'lu ~1 tift 1 n

.,..Juu

u 1.,-. Yl n

~ 0 "' ~ "'~cl~,. JJ.,'~'l::Lfl'l::n 1flty"I1U\1\J1flJJft'l n JJ1n

.I ., "

.,"i'U'U o1

...

l,. o

1JJ D n n u JJ 1 t>tl mt1 ~ D 1 u n 'IJ v 'l 1\1 u n:: <4clll .,"4 J.,,, "11'11 U UH 1 ti'U Ufl tl.,'i 'l 1 l1lJ tll t'l Ylll ft 111 Y1

u·nnnn1ul'IU1J"l'u lm1~ Pra

Ph nom Wan

Korat.

.,,,

cl ... "'

Vl1ti.,'~UYIU

-4

l1rl'lt'llJtlt'llJ LU'lYI1~Yitl'lYI11Lt'1::1 UH fl'l I

.;j

"' '

t'ID'llL lN 1U\Jnl1 tl 'Uti \J tJYit!'r'~t'I'IJD.:l 1\'I Uti:: f.,., -l., J.,., ..... tltl 1'l'!!VI1L \1 'l .,11 ~YIMYI1tl 'l.,'~UD'tlln'~t'l " 'Utl'l "1Lft1\J nltiHt'lltltJtl' H

~'ll'!l\.:

ll Yl"'

tt t t-artl UL~Lrt ~tt 1LUrt::~L lt~t.tltlA. ~...

...

·~

If>,

t-an.G A.L t~Ull:' JJL ttl:'~ IU.t.tHIJUL~ t' I to I S> Lrt L Ul t- a rt1 ::l.lJJ .tl U UL~ t-lUl rlLU ttn.

...

flo

Ltt[1Lll.IJtti\LrlllrlGtta

J>ISI"'CIJ 'J.n.1. I

nttt l.o t.1.lA.1HUt-QR.rtlttttt tt LR.U.t II- It ~I'~ ,. ::lol11 "'PI"• 'Y ' t.1. nart1Ltt[1Lll!Jt-Jrs • II- \1' t' rtLrlJ.l t-aR.Lnll nG t-um c-artl t-an. rtLtt

...

ttt It

LR.U.taA.rtt-rl~t.tltlA.rtltt

\l'f>'"l>

ttrll\.1~1

,.. ,c Llp

t-amrtttUtrl ~1ftU1QI.lt-ttHilt

WOJIJOg

. . 1

!IUO'ij WOUC4d ,c

~...

...

Q~.1.t- ~ b

Ltttnttn::l\Ltllot I

11>

I I

II.\

lt,c

,.~o_

fllarmn 1n1 tlA.I\lloLII.::.t ,n.. pl'"':'l,. L Ul fllGrt LR.LUtt~ 1tfl.t.1.l!::l.l11 I f:>l>

11> P

tt,.ttflt-an.t,.~rlLUJJ.t LU Lttt ~t;QI1. ... ~ 1/C

H\ ~t JJI!l1Jrs1 lloarl rl.tLM.t~JJ LUt-11> na ICIIP P t' 1 tt~.t t- i.rtLW t-G.tt; ~t.tltl~ .tU l\LIULQ ft~t p I ... ,. !>IC ~~ L n::.tt.1.L ~ 1L ttrt mtl.ltt \ 1\tt utn~w rcu /S l 1 lt'" ~,. I

.tlA.tt1.1Ull\lll.tt-H11 'P lA.l!LUA..t p "' ,. I 'I" ,. rl l!l~ 1ft.~ [1::.t t.1.t-rln1::.t::.t t.1. PI>,

rlt\ l.lH nut- Ut; rll l.lt;Ut- art 1tt Lt-.tLU

,..,,.,_

-llol.t

uua lJ tt

ICP

II>

tta.t1t.tt; ttt.1.rlLUH Itt; H rt

pI I

hiS

li''",. .tYtt

...

II!> 010 t-llLrtJJ~.A~run. ....

,.,.

.,..,.

C1J

IQ.

...

Ito,.,.

110

Lt;f1ttan~::.tnt-a.tt;1t-.tlA.

ttt ,.

1....

HnauiA.

tt~t-an..t!Jttt-Q.t!JL~1rll!ll t-a.tt;

-U[1UH ~

::~.tutt::u~11

nan.rt \ llanG rtflll-l L .tt;tt rttt.tU ~LruLa I IS I l>lt to W1 Ll1.1.t U.Unllo L .t Ln.n .tH L JJ lA. ttnl t-tii.L.t::.tt.lt-an.t-lillA. alHt;ttHUU ,. ,.. "' t\Qt1t.tt;ttftH t-lltta.tmLnrt, "' ,. .... . "' "' ,. ,. Ltt l ::.tf11ULYa t-an.t.1.LUI!lltttl\liiH1 • tl,

nL rm~~ Iii\ ttalilt-n.l L ttrt11 rtutt LUL rt M.t • II ll I p H~LttLart.tftl1.1ttrlftl.l • lA.ttrt.tt.rlii.L~1 I "I> It'" '!-'" to,S -::.tM.rlrtJJI:'llLrtt-ttHl!LUJI..tUQ[1trtLI1.

t-tUil.tt;T\::.tt.tttG un rcu L tttuun .tllA. •

~;ntt L::utt~ 1G .tll.trtn. 1t-G r11 ttL ru.u

...... ,.,.

I>"'

l'lo

,.,.

aliiLflrt~nU.tlilftltnl

.,.

rtl Wt-~J.l11Qt;t.L l!U Ll!lnii.L.t::.tt.1.rla.trtllil II'

...

- rlLnYllA.1t.JI.U,::.tf.1.tttt1ll!lijt-a::.tt.1. -

•

Ll!1U.tl~lt\ UUtt.1.1 .tnlftl.'lA.ULrtttt.ttL~ 0 I 1> lop 'i' 1\ft.tt.IUL UQL~1::.tt.1. t-QI1.U .t L~nt.1. ~1 rlt~

!.0

l.. UlA.tt ._.l!lttH11.tLUlloL.t LtUGa ~~IJ1 ::~ I I P

ttl!ltttJ11L~1::.tt.1. '-

C. ell

lt!St:ld

DrtLtrt 1:-UttUAt\Hl~L~L.t[l

tt~ntt~ttnmttlA. .. ~ ~ ,.

lA.LRLUt\ttH!W. rlU1rl.IJ1fll fllartttnlllt l!lt 't ~ "' 'I" ,. I • , I"' ,. It~ -.tLtlA. ~Lllottll. Ul!HI!lt 1'\trl~Hmt::.t [11:-rlW ttLiR ttttl.lW .,.. Lt M

rtirt.t!Jt\lA.U.tl~ Ltat;ULI'Io1t'QI1ol!l~lA.flllR JJ

I' 't .... tt,.attLiR ~t;.JJa,.n.

UL~t-l!Htti1.~U1::ULQ ~t.t LtlA. ,. .. ... ,..

Lttt I ,C

JJ~1lrs1

p ~ to ,.. 1 11-'" It ltUttll.1rtt rlt~nl f1aR.ttn1.tlA.tt.IJ ,. I I ~ ,. I. ' ~ p ... -Ul tt~.t tlii.L trtltlA rllrtH LH U rtGR..tR. ua rlt~U.tll\

tt \ U.tl~ t' Jrs ,_ 'I"

/CPIO

~~1. -., ~LII.Itllot-an.

...

"t-JJ \-

Pt'

l..

"' ,.

Ltt.IJLY!llA.t.1..tUftYft.t.t.ll::.tM.U.tL~

nG.t

PI> ,.

tRUGa.tH rtt ~~ nt ftQn.ttnlrli~R.lkltlii.Lt to !i' 1 lo,ci!l'lo f:> to ~ [11 rtltlAll[111LHU t-ll>rtan. LRLU A.\ UrllA.R.l JJ 11

t-QI1.UlHlt-LnUU~I:'~ ,. .. ,.

"' ,.

. "'

... " .

(L[1f1L~)

.ttY 1\ 1tM.1. ::.tt.\ tt ttU UJ.l [1.t::l.l11 !Jt-12 t.Yt-Q.t ... ,. p ... ~

. .

... "' J

'n1.:l'IJUUnnnlYilUJH 1J1HJ!J

tep way to Pra

t Phan m Rung , Burirum.

numru.H\ttJJrt1

' I'"~

n~ma

,..

..,.

f.'Q fl.~L lH uu L & lbi-'.L MDMQ.tLU rtHL II

UHttf\1

p. II

~t.\()l.tUMtllLQD~lLNLQ.t~

Ullll)L~LUD~lttQ ~~~

•

lAfU.ttll)U!LlAU. '!" n~ma

"' ...

I.'Qfl.ll)L ~L UttL rt.t.t UDil)flL ll.U t- L .t..U "

...

-Lll.l.l

Lt\ULU!.'Gfl.fbt&trtltl.R 1\1!)1

Dl!)1ttQI.'Qfl.ll)1

...

tC ~

...

~LUL1.'11Q.t~&Lt\LGrt

(•pn-p~n ·u·t.L)

ttrt.tt~Ht-.l.l

...

.tttL&t::.tf.\I.'Qfl.Ltt.tLUil)1 DLU

~tUill1

.,.

Ul.'tll.L.t al\ 11 ::u11 •• L\R.tttll)U!llAf.\ p ~ 1\1 LttLUU IJI!)t\rtt "It>& Dltt It

GULrtlll\llt1 tLU.tll).Ll.LUil)t~trtttll)rt.tl I "'"" p I" /1 ~ .tLUttf\1 LtQilol U~ttrtt ttUrtQtf.\ p I 9" "' ,. II ttfl.rt.t.tULrt ll)~.trt~lltt rt.t.tUDil)f\

p. f>

""'"

';1';1 I

It,_

11"'1111

II'"

U.t tit\ t::ll)r ~ftUUI.'Q tn ~Itt Q I

nnaurtt ,...

-.,

,..

.:unEant~I.'L.tllau::& -. " II I

::u.r\&tt-l.Utt.tunlllmu.l.l

tt ttt.Lrt l1 Utt 111:: &L t\

•

I"' -.

t-"

ttt\ttll)~D ~ttLW.ftUULC.UD.tt::U.tt p. .. I ,.. ';I

,.. "'l!)ttLc.u.nuut~t-~

11n111::.t~M.ttt-1t.

,..

~~~

,.... ,.,..

LlAI\IJLtt

PCil\

~Utt U.Lt\IW llll)tl.U l.Utt.tl..U lAttllol "' p. ,. '!" I tt t\!.'U.I\ r\a..urtl~ GDt I!)I.'L .tiJQU 11)111\t Ul.' UH

ttb~i'ft ~~U.tl n1 rcn

~t.tLtLL~u.n

Lttt t\Dfl.t DrttGUtt-Qfl.QJ.ll.'ttH • 1 /1~ "' p .,.,. rtt.tUDil)I1LllJ.ltt1 llo1 Lrt.iGLtttLU

t\1

t\ll)t\111

tDI!)tDrtJJt\LDGLtl.'l1 t\L!Lil.L.t1J.I1Q GM::.U p.

1/'

·wnJ!Jng ' l!Un1f WOUI!4d lCSCJd 1r J:I!J:IJ 48!11

nrtt.tn Hrtt\1.4.lll.L1L.tf\14

,,.~

t\t\UUI{L~HLU

'l1'1!1~~~n1'1JtJ~L'IJm ;~,"~n~ ,tJ n viu • "'~1 t!41 " "d 11'1! 1\10 flLtHI'V11Lt'1fJU1U LL' 1Lt'1 ~ .lj

<lj

nnumn 'IJlJ'l LlJtJU l'i fl. "

..... .,

li) Q)CI)Q)

l~uu1

n 'Vll!Vl nn cnJm1 'll UlJ11'1 n lt\1 1\1 01'\JtllJL\ll lJ .I. .. 'V1

., ., .I. ~ <II 1.1. ... '!lfJ1 'l lJ\I'V1 ~ \ll-lL)JtJ~lHl1 tJfJ'Vl tl U

'VlN'Vl f'lll1::1"'tmnn'\Jn~n 1u~ \'l llJ

V11tJ 1::

..,·.,'!.,.

fli'!Ut'llJUUL'lfJ011

t)O~t\1::

LLUUOLnu

., .,q .q 'IJtl~'V1Ul-1i'l~lJm~"1u"::LtJfJ~ .,

"'1

\Jl tJ ~10 U L'l 1 \'l::L 'IJ 10·H'!lJtHJfl 'VltJ~ tJ U .I. q • I 01 LL lJ\11wt'1'1JtJ~flc'll.JL'IJlJ1 'V1L1Un11 t'!lJU I

MOtJ1 wq

(Angkor) ~

.ol,"

l l'ltJ l'llJU tlfl1ll1)1~ .I. ~

tJUlJ\'l~L'llJ\llU LlJtJVi'Vltitl\l111'l~'Vl ...

•rn 91~

Ln~\1 1 on 1 1 t'1?11Uil11'1JtJ~ L\'lun:: """

L'llJ Lu 01

.j.

101

,.,

lJU'Vl t,., on11nu1Tm::n~ rH'!Ut'11fJlJ1\'lln ...

. .. d

. . Phan m Rung , Burirum.

tJ ·nnll'lH\l~'I\HJH 1J111J!J Pra

.ij "

...

LL n::u110lJ1Ul11'1ltJ~mn:: mmo tJ 'l lll lJ'IJ ~ ....... c:l t .. • 'IJUOm~'VlUlln~LUUfl'l~LL'lO LL1) ::l11'1JM

...

" ...

11UtltJO'IJ1~unn~lu1lJ'Vl~t'ltJ~'IJ1~

1Jn'l

t!~

.. ..

-1

r~~n ULL UUt'llJ 1U'lm'l U fJ~\'lU'VlU1 .,

1~'Vl .,

'V1

L.., " , . t! tH'Vl1l11lJ n 1l1U 11U 1 L'IJ1 tl UfJ n 1) H )! I

,11,

1 "

"o~ru::u uutl 'V1 1t~~l'l1u \'ltl fJ11 tl1\'l\'l::

mn \ll-l LL\Jl t'llJ rn·n::L\1 1 'I!U11 01

....

n\'lolJ1n

., ....

d..,JJ

., ""'

....

1UtJ'VlllVln\11o\111Jn 1~

t'llJfJUlJ'l u1~t11

U 11nlJtJfJ 1~ LL l 'l1l11)1fJ

!U1 ~t\!00fJ\l11lJ

... I '

.,.q

thllul!'IJD~'hHm1;i m~1J1u llflnl'll; 1J1 The fragment of Pra ~

.,cjj

1ULf1-3L HlJt>uLnvmn vm u D-3HML U'\.1 "-4 .. '41., .. .. d~ It Lfl1tl~(J ~1::H1 N1ft rJ'lnUl'l'l::ll~fl ~1Vn'IJ'U

L~11Uf1~n1~H~1n~'l~n'l::uvn • ....

..,

! ~ 11 ~ '\.11 mvuv1u nJml·n::uml11'l1~

tl1:: "

\111(1 QlO

LLn::1'1J .l!

Lllt>

lv'll~l;nvvu n::m1nnm1~l u1~t>-3 tl~ LU'U~f1'1Jtl-1n11 cjj

aJ... rn R J 1ma. It ~ -41 nmtlu l'IJ 'UL~ vu

tl Ul'U1~tl~ "

l~. fl. •«s'->

•«lc« ~1::c~~,:m~nmtlu1

Vl.fl.

1Hl'lfH'IJ1 ~'\.11~11

m ~n1N~::Lm'l1u lmy

.... ., L1Vn11 u1nv vum1~1nn~:: ~

P1m. i ,

vum1'l~un~~,rJD~f1~DlJl ~Huu

~~ t1 vn~11t11::vm

....

a~4:\d

~ ~

lJLMW;, '

U1M ()rJHlmyll'l

fl1\1lfl1rJ'ltli1Mnn~'ltl~111U1n '

~l~tlrJN'\.1 1tlfl'll1'ltJ ~

.,,

n~VI'lfl~1

d '

•. 1 .,

~ 1'1l1n11'111~fl Lnl'Utl~n'\.1 u .... ~ -4 l"' .. 'll~'UUflt>Lnt>~

.jj

fit>rJ lt11'l~um~nun1v

nnm11n

tl1::'11l'II'U

~1-l'llrJ1rJ~::Ln-

~ ~ l"l ' " t11U'IlHitl-lH1tlU111(JL\11~ H Mqjn11-l o

•

"' .I

'ttU11JU1J.,1 1l1'tt\miJ11J

The pediment or Pr ..

'IJ1HM b LV11

tl11 d.

G -4

lJ1'1fl1~ n11~n11

"" ... lJllJLlJ(l~tJfl'Un1N'\J11~lJl'l\llJU1-

dtl-41.

• ,lJrl d

•

Ln~LU'U LL nunn1~ d c:f .I ., -4 'nl.llJlJ1Ln~LU 'Uul1ff1'VlD'UtJ~ .....

l my

'IJ(l~'IJ(llJ'Vlt'f lJ~ 'N fl11lJ~ l'U lty Vll~L 'Vlfl'U fl I

IJl(llJ1,11nU1M

tl 1fl1llJ'U ., tltlVI'VlN

l'n::L~ltJ

"""~~ ~ fft11U'Ul'IJ'UVI1tJfl1'1llJLQM~ ~ ~'U

fl'U t .... fWn 'U11LlJ'UflNLL ln'Vl -4/o

tl11

.,den

'111'11

c:f

fftlllJ\JltJ nlllJ 'IJ(l~ L'IJlJlff lN V11tJfT1'111VItJ

tl "

I PlmUI

Ufl.,.,1'11 1J1

aJ...orn Raj 1m

.... I ·~ ~ L1lJntH'I ll~'IJliLlJ(llJ 'R fl. ed.cn b

Pra .

Ban- Beng,

unn.

• '-' .,

~ tl "',~, l'Yl'Yl tJ Hn~

~ ~ ., J.._ l llYiYllln Olttll'l iJ l fJ

tone lint I dep1 ted fern I dan mg, m the

'1 11JN ,

a tJonal Mu urn of Pirn. i. e1

o "

1;1tl

Ot 1Jll1tlflJ1\'11'1Hl'l Mty

~{)[J1'1~1tlff 'N

U~1tlt tJ1m1tllil'l[J1[J{)lJ1.,1Jn"'u11 d

fltiU

..&

Ln1::1l 011J fi111Jt'f'IJ lJ U1 ::Ol \11 [J 'I iJ 'U 011 • •

fl'flU '\Jtl'l VI 1::1 flll n::u 1Ln 'I .,

,..

HM'IllJtl[JH1Lf!~'iHl

•

'fl1~'fl 1[) 1Jli'Vtu

tl ... LLlH1U 1 ::\JllJl-

.....

f11'HJVlLfWLL'IJ'I'1 0 Lfl1 'I'IJ11JlJ1LL\Jl[Jfl ' dod. ~ ... .. . f1tllle')OL11Jfl't'lflnl[Jtlt'f1::'1JU lJ011 ..

tl1::~~fmw 11n 'fl::Hu 1 ~Lfl'n

'IJU't'nt>lJ

f11J'IJUfl1fllJ .oil

...

1J VUl . • ch o 1Jf111t'!t11Uli1L'V11-

... l"'

41111

nmu t>'Vlfl '11LLn't'i1::fl1 ::

. ,

vuumvn1

..~.

t'llJ!JOVI!J1ll~!J1,1JHVI

~c:l

lz 'li.JLUm-.,::,1'1!

'"" ., "" ' ... iO,t"''IJO.JU,!J1,~\JVI • ~1-J~l~.JM''~l ., .I.

•

1'~\JVI

•

vnn

. iY~!JLLVI"

'IJO.JViVItitllt"'ll1lJl11!J 1\J n1m'l!1

'd ..

Ill

1.1

l~"ml'O'Il'Wnotnnm ~O'U'U01ll1~

'IJM,1'1!1-Jfl'f"!J::

.I~

flnu

., .I.

mi'1!1'1JO.JOVIVVI~!J1'~\JVI

.I. ~ " I 'l.JLUO~MVI~::'U OV

., ,; ., I LlH'I~!JtH'!Jnn1111

., oi

flnuU1u1ll '11-J I

LUM,fllJO!J1UL~!J1LLn1flO!J '1 Lt"'o~n.J

ton

rved of hermtt,

Pra

l Phanom Runa

Burirum.

....

'~~

lJ011\JlfHI<'l-11 1111We1~11Hni11~J1n

l ,..,.

ff1flty'IJV-lfl111111~ HlJflt> ., "

lJ'UVl b

, .,

~~1::1~1'11tJ11 ~ d

ttoll ., ., d ' Ni'IUlHH'I-ln\Jlt> 1ntl'VltJ1V1\JltJ11 ~

"'" !., llJV -4"" lJ'UVl U l'i.fl. eblz<.l'l ""' .. ..

lu11tufffll'UV1

, VlH 11-.1 .:1

oil

CJI-llJnL'IJ11U'UlH'IU

·-

l'•lln -l'!I'U'l1::H-11'Ut>tJI UV-ll1M 111'\::Vl "' ., ~ lJ1tJ 'U~U II~'U lfll1'11Vl 'U V1 1 1Un -l'IJV-.1

nv11J

lllJ'U 11 ~ wn::v1

thu"o.:n.lnnlnlitll'l\aJf.:a 1.!;,·~~ me fr gment

Pra

t Ph nom Run , Burirum .

t-~

IURt::U11:: t u 'l ...

...

,..

'WOJ!JOQ

• " p Yt-a::u.martu1u ,. "~p "' p

nt~~ulA.nt~,

" p

"'tllll

ULnLD~.1.t-.t ~

lJ:U mLIAn~1 ~

,..

,..IAM.rttt ,.

LtM.HlrtlW rtt-M.HDUWQ I

ttLIADLUHUQtHUL~ l>tltl

'flun~

rmu.n ,.

U11HLUIAG::!HU\IA11

Ill

nntnL~1UIALUL.trr:-LtUt-tlAYt-Q::tM

~1n~1 ULD~U~rtLWnt~1 n~ut.::trlll,

tllil P,

LtUM~H lDt~ ~

nYUM.IA WULUII.IA~.t::tt.tntHLU~UL.tU ,.t' ,. . , . "' t-t IA.Yt-G::t ~.1. L tll.l1 Yt-G::tMt-Q~U .tL~ p I I p $>

nanuntnnnnntu~u~tlllL.tnl I,.,.,.,.. "',. IJuu.rnt~ r:-amnmJJnr:-a~r:-um.tlAnun " -;a ... ,.. rtQrl.tU~LIULQUQrtDL.tD.t1::&r:-Y ~ D~t-Q~~LM.LQ o fO

1 nu~OIAM.nlrt1 t'D 'I" I!> I l' "'

tl ill "' ...

WOUC4d ICsrJd A

IP',ll""'

rtL~~~::.t nt~lt.tlA

-.I"'",.

ntfunuuunr:-~tfulbu ,.

rtl~QrtHDt~

'11'1\>

ll'P

I"'""'"'" .

'I"

I> "'

,.,_

•

,. II

Ltfc

._. ,.

tlA 1

II I

n rt11rt utt tnatln t-a II'rtlU pu1 nLtln

:il

11!11.1

....

'-'....

IA.tt~t-nur:-un~n,

tl lll,cilll"

, • .,

p ,. ~,

,..

mll~L.tttm

,..1,.. 11<1.•,..,. ""

nt-UtLUUIA "' IAnrtttD.tUL~1::tt.1.

r:-ar~.nrt~~.tn,

t-t.t~rta~

·1n.1. n

~.t1L.I.1 p

r:- a~ua 1f1 ~n 1..! u~tt Yn ~ ~·

•

... ,.

p fOO

,. ~

,..

IJl

) P "' p UUtntM.L~~, ftLW 0~~

Dt~Dl~rtU.tlHIADtlA

.tllM\U.tlAn~t-~

M.LHm.tnntH.IAUD 1St 1"1"~,.

....

1Attrt.ttnti.1L~1::.tu

'1".,"'

(IS\PCI.• ·u·t.1.) tALU.tUQUrtL~LrtQ~ D~lLQ "

.... "

~.Ut-l.lMttlQL'Q.tYt-IU

"'p

...

.trt~1D.t~RU

P",.

tUllT\M·Q~~r..t~.UU~ULt\

QIJUlftL' U t-Q.t

uan

II'

" ,.

Ltuuunt\Drtl.ltt, n~t-ari.UIA.ttn I I 'J"' 1o,.. •"'

LD~11.1 r:-ur1 ~, UIAL'LIAUUAt-QMtLUt.1..tUt\ • ~ .. lo ., 1

,..

" Lruta~uMrt rtt~tun t1::u::u11urttn " " i l Ut' UU~ ttt ::tj ' L'LIA Lrt" rtr.Ln~L n L QM11 ijt'Q 0 • ,. ~ 01 p ::.tt.1. ltnL,UI..!HrtL'D~U11 PPCI.• ·u·tA n I

1:-Ut-UlUttQQU.trt~lrl tt~.mtt-m

fuH 1r;. ntt anrr ~~.t rtn~::.tt.tn.uunuu~~J.11

I It 'I" "' fO "' p UL~L'UHt-GHlt-G::.tt.1.

'I"

.tLHt

•

va.tij~Drtl~U UU.trtM I.!LU~.t • I

...

•

...

nLDLHrtL nJJLU!llAM.QU

Unt-Il> ~ IA.nrt.ttD~L~1::.ttA P"'~• ·u·~A ,.~'I"",. "'•" ntt~ ttlnDQLIIot.UtUL'Q.tY~DrtLt\ ""

lrtL'tU nt~

Dlrt~AIA

It-

IT.trt.tn::.ttA.t\~11:-~

I"'

,.I!>

tl..!llrtl~UL~~, IC • IC M

MLU.t ~QUQrt1

ttlY~Y.tLUn.t~1 nttL,Rttll~Qr\.~11

lt~Ln::.t t.tL ~1L o

(\I.D

JO IU:!Wlp:Kf :14.L

t-trtnt.uuuu~Lt(lnnum

n an~ua rtll!)n::u n ,.,.Q.,.,. sr:-aut-~UttMIA.nlA

LIAn.tt-.tlA GYUU.tll.tLU::.tr

r:-a fiortmLII,_,,.,.,. nr:- a~ t- u uHu.tr rttt Yt-L uu rttlA I Ut-UI.W~l.tUn~tLUnrt.ttD~L~1::tt.1.

P"'"'

UQDIA~l UlA.nt.t::~L tnQ llH 1~::1..! 11

n~ttn!DltUN.1.LUIAY.t.t~ I"" p o'l"p

nt-1.1:-Dnnn lliT.t ::.tM.IAL~l.tr

::.tiAt'lUU t~ Yt-Q::.t~.tt-a~rtrt.tn::tMt-L.t " p " t-.tlAfuH, .tlUT\nllttULUII.IA.t.1.Q~.1. 1U~t.ttl U ~

t-L.tiJGU::IIl.tm.tlA~1 U IC I • tl 11\p

n nYt-a::.tt.\ ~JJIA.t-~nrtri.11Antunn.t~RU ,. p ,.. p " ,.. ,. p ... ,. ttn 1t-.tlAijt-Q::.tM.L tt1 UIA.ttn.t~IHUIJ!t::.tn p p ltliii•"'P .,.. I"

l t-nat ij lrt UM lllAQM11 NIA.ltD U.~ nt nLIA t-Lnt~JJLU~t::trun ~lf\LGII.L.t::.t~.umt-.tlA I

1\>

I> "'

t'111'1tn111\ll~

\J1\J1J1fi1J1U 1J 'H1f1 1rl

' l"'11'1JV1J l Ul'l!mn ., n'l~m

mht'IJVlll~~au •

., ... d ~

.iuf1J

., .. .It tl d '11n'l~1fi\J llt'I1'1J()1J f)

fi'loJI'llU II '11'1 VU11U1 )l

Ylt'1 Y~ n

l'lV1J1Vn ct l'llfilt'l vvun1n'ln'l tl ~ tl ' tl ' 1~ 1n ULVfi l 1'11lm1nm::1~ 1VY1V'I •

1J .Wuvmnu ""

<i .I

lu~\JII~\J1)1fl()'tf1\J t '

~ 1\J1\JlJ1fl 0

1J Ul1t'11Yl

Yl'IU11t'11Yl~\JIO 1nV~1UV .1 tl

,,; l'f()U un"'UU11t'11Ylfft'11Yll 1U'IJ11 •otl

Ul1t'11Yl'Y11~ 1UII M

II n:: t1

\J U\1 1\J1\Jl11Jl()U

' dl 11~11'l1J •., 1m111111n

11'11'1

Y~'l

tJ1'111lHn

~ ~

<II

I'II\JU11t'11Yll'i\IIJ~'I

U11t'11Y111JV'II'l1Yl ... "" .I U11t'11Y1'11UVi1J1U 11 n::ul1t'11Yl

d m-, lJU -oi.,

•

...

l'i\J1J1 u

.,d

u ntt1Ylmuu nrr 1Y1Yl'IJ'IJU'Ii .~

"'.

Ul1ri1Yln 111l'i'll '11(\IYlffHI::I n'loJ

nuu11-

ri1Yli'IJ1l'il::1li11Yll fiUVU \J 11'11V1W 1\1 fil

~ ~ tl " ' 1YJuluf1lt'1::1n'loJ IUU\11\J Ul1t11m11n1u "

...

d~...

t'I1\Jt'111'1Yl1Uf1rl1

...

'"'

tJ1'1f)lJ()flt'111J

IU\J

Ht'I'11\JV\J1J'Hft\111U

Y1Ht'1tntJI'lU0111J

··'"' t -4 llt'l::fln111UU'I1\J'II\Jfll '11'1\Jfll lftyuvu ~

dtl-s".c~

l \J V 11 'II UV1fll \JU Ill V'IU Ylfl ()I tJ \J II UUVU 1'1

n1'11\J~()1U'IJ()'I1 u11tU nmu11 UU'IJ nllvu l '11(\IL\Ill 'Ht'l 1u 11 ~'i1J1U "'., ""'U111J..\JYI~ ftl"" 1'1 'IJ \J l \J 1'11 t'I1JU'IJV'I Vil::l \11'11 U11J()'I~Iu ~

,~,,

cl (l'i.ff. aclaa- acl«cl ) U11t'11Yll'i\JlJ1.,\J

...

'tff11UU1lUt'11JU~lU111J\JY1

" (Vi.ft. •cl•"

' tl l ., - ~~ cl ~ l.!) 'tf1UU11t'11Yll'i\J1JH \Jri1JU'IJV'I

...

•

l'il::I\11VY1U1'YI\IIU111J\J

•

a b od )

·-.

C»clu-

(\'i.ff.

1'IJ1l~ 1::ilfnl u t'lll"'u u f111JJ"'u

ut'llUYiYllift\11111\oJ~ •« fi1n"'uw'loJJ1u ' "'~"-- ""'' I 'Hrl 1\.1 U1'1t'f1\JU'I1J'IJ()'IJ~IIU 'In \JVU ..

<II

Ul1t'11'YI'H\JI1JV'I\Il1 t'l fl'loJtU::u11t'1 1'YI .,,,.,,

otl~

r1 11Jl!MOV~1Ut> f l'il::l::IU U'I'Y11~1Uf1t'11 ' ~ ' ' ' ., .,

lUYll'I\J 1\1::1 U\JU11'tf 1Yl~ \JI n 111\ll'YIUHM ..

dtl

<II

'IJMU11'1fl!Nfl~1\JY1f1Lli\J 0

lltJY!UlfM

ti.LI!I l.. uiA.t-l\HIH'LilQti.ULWti.IJLRUU

,. ....

l:'l,LUrtl!l:::t::l\Lt 1Lll

,.0

' ,."

. ''lAill.l1LrtUQQil~1 .....

1!111 1\41 :::UIJI:' .tl\rtLWt-ti.Htl.tU 1.1 LUilM 1 ... iC Ill '"" ~ ,. ,. I to 111111:-tl-1.1:-llt ti.UI:'L.U:::JJ l.. llQIJLiltlllLU!-1.1 I ,. ~ ,:0 I ,clo llGI.lLUilti.Qtl.rtiMtllUUUrtLW

1:-GIII::l\Ll\ iC

t1. L ~at- tJ 11 t-IJ ~:-,.n ti.LJJ ~

II-'"

~JL u t1. L t1.~ tAL .ULt f1

rt1 Glllti.ULWti.IJLRUIHLULlA:::l\lALtl.t-lb l"ill

TUL tn

'!"

1nrtu 11111 t'IIIULl\ Lrt n.ulb~-~. L tiJtl. t1.n1 'J p>

It I

:::1\Ltl.lAtl.lA Ill 1:-tllH.C.IJt\tl.tl:'llt\l\ :::l.!tl.l\1

:::u 111:- trttl.~~lALUL t[l:::U 11 L lflt-Q rtllALJJLt fl .c

11>

tl.llol 1:-1!11:-tYM.L tl.lAt- 1-1.11 1:-LillAti.Lll.U rttI ,. ... I '!" I '!" ... ,. I!IUlALilttrt11::1.111 '!" o I

1:-lliJl ...

UUL 1:-L r)Q 1!1~ t-Il IJllllllA 1L rtrtGR.f1UUL tl.l\LG iC

••

...

t' l\llrt.Uilllil!lti.HL UtLU .... , .

...

,.._,"

,.flllo,.

....

.... ,. " :a

rtQR.t-QR.t'tllH.C.IJt\t'LlA

•

...

l!lrtHt-lArtQR.I:'QR. '.1

l!lrtl-1.

tUtl~UlAL.UL.C.fl Lt'H11lllllALIJLt[l~ :::~t-,}1

ti.LIJQIJLUt-LlArtlllJJ

• I '!"lt,.. I .. tl..tt-llU11L U1rtf.~lAillllllTUL.C.rt l ti.QlAL tU I .. 1 I '!" ~'!" I 11\Urtl!l~ ULrtt-t~~ ::u ncm lbH 1 lALJJ un::t.m 1 tc ' t. I.

...,

lAL.UL.C.flllo\ft1 :::1\l\LQ •

'L1

...

tl.1!111tl.lftl.\lALJJL.C.f1Ltrt111!1Ut1 t-LilQ I iC

'""

1>-P

ill

... ,..

,..

lfo

!tll ['~ ~L L~

1>-iC

•

• ,..

UlAl::.trtrtLilll 1·

ill "

1:-QI\, Ht.lU Ulll tl. L ::u 11

U.ti:'I!ILR.1UGlA1

...

t1.1 tUti.ULl\tl.llo1 ti.QlAULl\Lrtl\I!I.U1ULUllo.t lo I t'!" p ,. t-LrtUt-Gt-LrtlltiiiRUrtltnt.tl!l1 rtQR.t-QR. p P'""'" .,_, .clo Utll\ll\llM.ti.LGlAHUillt.lH::LUA.l ti.JJt-lA

''!"\1 -----

l"ill

' "'

' II.,. "

rtQR.rtU,nrtUrtt.C.IlGI:-Jt.

,.,.

...

" ..

,_, 1J'

j:>

•

f"ID

11-1\>

lllA1 Tt\tnt.1.Ufll.lUilUilrt.Urttt flo

.... ,.

'""!?It'., ...

'-" o

II-

j:>

,.1

lA111ll!lltt;t-llo1

,.,.lo

II-

...

I!ILftR.Q I.!H 1.tli!I.Ut.t II-

...

::.c.r LI~:-.u rt L ~:- tta n1.1u t1. n 1rta nna t1. tt 11 ,. I. .. P' .I I

ltl.

.....

Ulrttl.tti.L

:1,. I

0 •

...

U,..lA ll• Q t\ 1:- t.-1. 11 L oU L\ L IJ L t 11

n t\ II. 11:-1!1

1·

,.. ,.

11-1\>

... .....

UIJ

Otf>

,..

I I

.tLHtrtL Ml-l.t\L 1!1

,.. 0

UtA lUG 1.tU l\LTULQ

1:-GR.fliJUttrtl::l\G.C.H l!lrtHt'lArtQR.t-L li.QfHJ ,.

tl.lll::l\11111

llGI:-lb rtQR.rtll11f112U t\11 lftl IJH 1f1 UY

,...

...

t\Lil QULllt\ 1 nl tlArtt.t

UQlALJJLtfl::U11 Qft.IJlALL1L.tn !lrtttn ,.. ~-. P ,. .. t1. 1 lllloft IJl:: .t fl QU 1L Q lAR.L U lAL.U L.C.f\ lo,.

R U 1:: JJ t

ntl!lttLll.U!lL\t.mm::&t-~J:::l.l11 ~ L\ttrt.ttn~~o

llrtllH li.GrtHttrtl::l\L tti.11Gllo1 nLilHHI1. ,. I 1til>- j:> I I t • II ti.GUibl-1.1 tl.t.t.lGrtH LR.1HlArtlb::U11 l.. UUl

'll\1

l..1!11 lltll\ lttt\ti!IL UU ft1 t-IlL l\ 1ML R. l!lllG 1::U

...

k,.

1:-Ulam Qlflti.ULWti.IJLRUUt-Glll::l\Ll\t\QR.

'!" I• II

t-Lllo l.. 1:-LlllrtlArtti.Liti.LI!I::tUL t\llllll.l::U11 1 apt> " I!ILUH::trtLt\1:-LilQ

. .

1:-l.lHillArtlltlllLt.ll!ltUI:-~

lllrtrtLWiltl!lt-M.IlU.Ul\ 1111\L t\rtQ tl.rtG IlL ti.H ...,.

t-Gil11lG.tLULti.UlAI!I1 .tLU tl.lloi:'L JI.Q rttmrtltttl.! 111m

ttttnLrtt.t::un .tLilt::tt.tLR.l t-trtttr.m~~ot 'J "' .. II I 1:-l!lllL .t LUU\Ilti!IG UlAlAL .LH.t rt t\t 1.1 ,. ... II I '!" I" I tli!IJ,H \.tl!ll\tt-LilGL LA. t-I-l. 11::1.111111 1:-lb G ~ b.._ i o I I t' b QUlALJJLtrtrtULL\11\1 rtl\:::l\Lttrt1 lAL\L.t.l.Lt[~ ill 'I'" I. ,.

t\11 1 ,.-

rtGfHQR. t- tt.liU IJ tl. t U,.l\LTULQ t\ \ t-Q.C.UUfl lbH1 tltlllll\Lti.LGrtf11 LR.1

"·

1..

...

ti.LJJ ~ IJLU tl. L rtttU fll.l~L ~ l\L

...

rtQR.l\Lti.LQtl.1 !lG 0

ti.L t\Lrtt-Q.C.lHrtLWt-G.C.Y

~~.I I

II-

l!l,.rtllLilfllALIJLtfl

llrtUrtt.C.

't,.,.

....

llllotflU~~I:-}lALJJLtfl

Qllll ~tl.l\fl~lla; 1

1:-tUMti.L rtlAL JJL.C. [llfllll:'lfl " , '.1 QIJI:-ti.HI:'Il11UQ

(lti..C.lAti..C.JJI!IUH~lA

...

'!"

fbHLWTltl.nl::~Ltl.

t-ti.HI:-1-1.11

t-1-l.11UlAtltAHlftllllfbH\Uti.LllJJ

TUL.C.rt l I

LI1.11!1Qilt\ll~Qti.,.G

U t\1:- Ill t.1.t.1HH tH

rtti.JJlA t\IJ 1:-LilQ

ti.UiflLibtt.t- JJtl.lllL UQ tl.ln tl.t\G

flllUrtt.lUt1.1 na ti.UilLIJIJt\H11nrt11:::1J11 .... ' ... ,. ~ r:-n ,..tt 1L o"" .u rt t-l\._,..tArt ,.tfl 1t-L na rt t.c.ll tt ffll,.tn1· t.lU... t-L lA t.lMillAQil.C.I!ItrtGil

m nGUTUtl.C.nLTULQIII11

1· "'•

1:-lA rtQR..C.U l\ LIll LG 1:-QR. rtU U t1. n 1::& l!lftl-1. 1:-lA '.1 ,. I" ... P' '.1

llllortlALJJL t rt ,.,.. .1·

'"P

flt Ulll::l\lAti.QU t\GULrt tl.l!ll\ Ill

Llflt-GrtllAL.UL.C.fllWl llGLrtHrtL t1. T • iC I .. .i ti.Ut-lliJ11lU\TUtl.C.rt

rtU1t-LQQtHilL.C.Lrtrt p

LTULQ

llQtrtQUt'M 11L ULL\U111

00/1

Hl.lUt1 lAL.ULtf\IJI:-QI:'ItiGt; ,cill p \1 ,.

Ul.lf\11nrt::.t

Khmer Art • 111 Isar1 Nor Na Paknam

At pre ent most scholar believe that

Surin.

the Chenla people were ancestor of

by a square brick tower without any

khon Raj

the Khmer in Cambodia. The original

redented corner ,

In urin. The con truction of the Prasat in brick eemed tc be a tradition

homeland of the Chenla was in the

The building i characterized

tone pillar

the round

haped

and tone lintel and pe-

such a

Pra at Phnom Wan in Naima and Pra at Ban Pluang

upper valley of t.he Mekbong River

diment

near the basin of the river Mun and

which

Chi,

Kmeng tyle. After the decline of the

King

Chenla kingdom,

the c n truction

with the capital city at what is

now Bas ak in Lao.

The Chenla em-

the decorative de ign were cia

ified a

the

of Pri

the Khmer moved

until late in the 12th

entury A.D.

which coincided with the re1gn of uriya arman II who initiated f Angkor

Wat.

braced Hindui m and held Siva a

to ettle down around the Great Lake

Tbi

their highe t god. In the reign of King

to the we t of the Mekhong River and

ing

lsanvarman I

establi hed

rin which wa decorated with lintel

the Chenla conquered

Angkor a

their capital

the lower Mekhong ba in and f~unded

city .

a new capital I anpura in what is now

riod when they could develop art

the di trict of Kampong Thorn in

tyle and architecture of their own .

Cambodia.

Here the art of the an-

c ient Khmer,

the school of which i

Here came the Angkorian pe-

In the

ortheast of Thailand the ear.

ly architecture of the Angkorian pcurin a

i Khoraphum in

bearing the de ign and motif of the style of Angkor Wat. The later group of the Khmer type temple in the Northea l were of the 13th Century A. from the art

influenced

tyle in the reign of

known a Sombor developed. Judging

riod i

from the lyles and motifs, the art of

brick tower with redented corner .

King Jayavarman VII.

Sombor wa a continuation of the old

Next to it i Pra at Yai Nghao,

built in larger number than the per-

Funan art which wa

a redented quare tower but 11

the art of India.

influenced by

In the Northeast of

Pra at Ban Beng,

evident from ·orne brick build like Pra at

ment wa

al o pedi-

carved in brick into a de-

iod

They were

before : mo t of them were of

the arne plan and

lyle

i.e.

on i t·

Thailand the Chenla art wa contem-

corative frame terminallng with five

ing of a main laterite tower erected

porary to the Ovaravati art and both

headed naga at the end .

in the middle of a compound which

shared orne common tyles and mo-

urr unded by a rectangular la-

tifs, notably the croll de igns derived

From the lOth Century A. D., more

terite wall. pierced with one gatev ay

from the

Khmer type temple appeared in the

in the ea t AI o included in the com

Northeast and mo t of them were

pound of the temple was a

built in brick

terite vihara .

upta chool in Jndia.

Architecturally and Chenla

both Ovaravati

chools u ed brick and

clay mortar as building material . The Tam,

uch a

Prasat Mee

Pra at Muang hai

Pra at Ban

mall Ia-

Thee laterite prasat

were pre umably Buddhi t anctuarie

olde l architecture of the Chenla that Plai in Surin

and Pra at Prang Ku

they were for example, Pra at Kam -

still remained in the Northea tis Pra- 1n

aket.

Th re were only few

paeng- noi,

tone temple

of contemporary date

sat Phum Phon in Amphur Sangkha,

Pra at Ban Samor in

aket and Pra at Ku Rusi in Bur1rum .

l JJ1tJ "'~ I

mnuot cH011l uu

lJ1~n

.....

l'l H tnl101 01 ~ 1 \J TU

tl1:]

40 ti1Yl

( lJ1'ti

tJ') ...

• • 'tl.

'I!D ----------------------~1lJ ~

(

U1'\f0

l'ltlll ·u~

nn -----------------

In'IJ'Yl -------- _'ll!>tJ __ ---------- t'lUU ---- ----------

~ 1'l.HL---------- ~1Lne __________ ~H1.,

-----------

. "' Ll -1 _, mn1 lJluuuun VlltJOl11i't'Hlffilu Uil::1 \lfll1illlJ " , ., \llfl'UOlJ 1llUfl1llfllJ't'i 'til ~

II ., q

1"m~tl "'n'I:IOI::'\JMVn::l'll'll!lU ~

un::

...

n1Yifll!JYIH0101f1llJO-ll'ill1JYUI1 DllnOH 1VIlfltl-l l.lfl1'71'!frl lJl II ft~-l lH ll1l.lllJ 0-11¥ II

"' ¥ tJn.,J, l'Htl.,J, tJlJHl.IHl

n acn I pho10graph of Muang Plab-pla, howmg • rc

ngular

hapcd town of lhe

opburi period

ftlJ Vtll'l1J• 1 ft1 1-ll11JllJO-l1¥

tJ ..LlJI ftlJ~ llftlJO

mphur llucy Thalacng,

built on 1 p of the Irregular t pc town of the

akhon RJJ v ra

lJ VY11111fl

1m ,

11 pcnod.

.. ~ ~

.- ... .,

'!11J'!1UY1Ln~ L'HlJ\llJ~O~tli::Yl

L'IHI1t!\l I

•

i~tJL~vn::u1muYJ~l~M

n1., ltJLUY1.,1 ...

lJl ~lnL '11 ~ L'Ill 'iUlJ~~L 10Yll~l"'~ L'l 'Utl~ UlJ t

U llJ~

'IJUl~

'I 1 !Jirdt LU1Jl~LLlH1Jf111t'11Ntll~L01JU 1

... ...

L'HqjV1L1tJn111Jl1ltJ ,

1tllJ '1 L'IJlViUlJH ~

~~'H1~Un1JtJ

•

.....

LUU'IU

n1::Louu 1

, ""' d ~ ., ::VltJU L'HL'I1\lfl~1::~1Jfl111J

•

... .,d

f111LO~'Ilt>~'I11J'11UY11J f111l'l11~ ~~0~11U

L'!1UU1L1tll

...

L 1ty LUY1HLVlflUfl1YltJ101lt'11JtJOtl\l ' ~ ~.,. ., I Ill, ... Ll'i11::11 L0~1 '1!011 fl11Jfl1J f11100 Ul L~~ ' t ·,, .. ~ 011 U~::t'111J11fl'l~tltJ LUL'IJ'IV1~1~L'I1~ ., ., ," "' II~ t , 111 "''"' L'Ill L~ H~n 1J'I11J'I1Ut'11J tJOtlU 'HU 1 U V1 'l~tltJ ... ~· f ' t. ~ L'VW~lJ1L 161\'1 111Jrl lJL VllU U

• '

L Ufll t'IUllJU~ _..

t'11U1JlnLUU'IJtl~LUtl'l

en. fllt'IUt'lfllU

U~:a~YJ1ifllt'IU1Nl tJ 1J Hl-

•

lJ'IJUl~'ll'l '1 LL~::1UUUU'IN '1 '1111

tJlU .,

t'llJtJL 1~1U ~::'IJU l~fl111J t'llflqj 'IJtl~'!flJ'!fU

......

~~~~,d

•.

U'lt'l ~Y1Ll11Jt>uou i~vm LUutnnmJ 011 .,. I "' c4 . . . . .t~ ,.,. 11 flu 1~ tl1J1t>U Lu u 1 un LMn tJlJ ~ uN 111 n,:: I'" ll !J1 ~ ._I ... t 'I I Ul()tJ 0?1 LU1JNLLl!~1Jt'I1::Ul'IJUl L'l1t\j ~

!JI

fl'l ltD-en t'11::nv'lnn

., ,

c:j

!JI

.jj

'111Vfll'11lnLUU

...

'!11J'!1U 'IJU 1~ L'Hty LL~11J O~::lJ f1110tlt'I1N ~ "' t .. "'"' , ~ tll'ILOUU 1'111tllJ11ltJ nlo~

flflf111

, ., ' -... ., t'l1l~fl1t'IUtlt11U~~Ot'111\llJ fl111JIII nl'iU ., ~ .I • ..... • ... OlJfliJl LV1111'111LL n::n11u Ofl 1tl'IY11J 1::L UtJU

•

U UULLNU

<llr

fltlfl!JOU11 0~'11tJ '111tlL ~lUltJ -4.t~ -4 "'~

LUUt'11U'HU~l11tltnfl'I1U~'IJMLY1VH~l

...

.o~

lJO 1HI1N LY11l(ltJ t11ltJ LUU Y1 t'lfl 'ltJ 'IJ tl'l !J1 I t ... .jj ~ 01 --~ ( LVl'VH ~ 1L '11t'l lU U 1J LV111U'I11tltl ~fl n~n Yl'l! .. r4 ., ., d " "'.I ~ Y1 LUU t'ltytyn 0'\Jtll 'IJ!l~ LYlVH ~ 1 u1::~~ flU

.,t

... .,

LViVLfl11l'ilJ'!fl ~UULV111M~~1Jt'IO~tll:: .. c4 t .,• , ., ... d Y1 LUU Yl~ 1Jl1 UVlU'IJV~ LVl'Vl L~ 1 LL t'l:: O~fl 'tJ • , .. t '111!) L~ 1 UltJYl UO fl 1tl~'I11J'I1 \l L \l L'IJ 'I U\l

.,.of

•

n11tl1l~LY111ML 1J U 011 LOtli"YlLL 1 ~~lUflU

111"'<4

I. .I u1::LnY1

1J1t'I1N tll~LLU~VtlO L~LUU ..

. "'

fltl O(llJ'IJtl~LL 1~'11U11111J~ lLOtli'VllJl 10

"' ,

., ' 1l~tl1 mn L'!f 'l u n1 1 Lflt'l n u tJltJ1t't~ on ,

n11~

-4 "',

' ...

...

• ...

OJS'I L uo t>f '11U un::flnlu~~ no -4 • ' "'I• -4 ., ... d ..

on lJl!u ~fl nu ,.~1'111~~1Jt>"l! ~ n~'l1tJ '111t>

.. ' H

u o::n~ n~1~t'1ltJIJl u UULLIIIU

'"·

L lUltJL lJUIII'IflJLt'ltJ~

,.,

flUOr11JUV11'11U lYl

'lnt>~~u f111t>t>n

Yll'l t'lfllUIJltJ 01111

i~tJ lJlO

d. d.

' .._ ._ ' • .I ., w ., 1., ;I ., ~ fll'Ylfl 1tJ Y11-l fl1nlfltll L1t\l LIJ fl-lfl 1 fl 1Lflfl u:: lfl'U'I{tJ 1l-ll11 fl U lliJtJ II Tl fl-lll flll t\IZ~ li~U t1, 1t\1 TllJ tJll'Yltl 7

., .(,._

(

•

tl u U7ZOfltl fl 1tJ 1m1nv n,::u 1fl nfln m1

A n neri I photog in th

ph of M uang Tam,

Lopbu ri pe riod - th e

tJ111tJ auu lunN

mphu r Pn Ko n

LL,n :: m>~LUU'YIL~11fl1V~ uu~u L(-11

...

'I!U~

howr ng a n

Ul'tn::

...

1'1!tll1tl~HU-lt'l1lf1U1NWnn l1 vn ~ • al, oal~

Htl~HU~1N1'1!1lJl'l1 {) Lm UUI't'U

U\JILU'U'YI

' ... ' "' , '~ ~, U1Lt'ltJmtJ1Wnnunm'lm~Lnl L\l'YI11lJ L~ , , , ...

. - "' ... ....

\l 1~'1!11Ul'U'IJVI1{)1\Jt11l n:: fl tJU1110l1VU

'l , 11'11\lUVtl unm~~tJU1tJULt'ltJun1 fl ..,

.. ".

• ...

tl •

ncien t

ray, road a nd cu lti va tr n

11 ...

.-4,

ut~::uH 1t\l lM1tlUYll~Yl 101'l'L'I'll::u~n

h;ll, B uri ru m

n tun ry, ~c r d pond ,

',<4<4

•

.. 1mv~ c4

uu ~ uLtn'YI'YI1\l1n1,1LHinmnu mn LUU Jj . . . . oi l ' ... LmV~Lfl't'IVUlJ nuunnun t'I'IJ11U1n

rea.

•

mmun11 y

.I "I "' ... • • 4 ., J 01::l!OifHI!lUnlJUtiYi~'J YIYI11U'U'J\)nfl1 •

YitiYllfl ltll'U 011tl •

Animal

haped pot

of Lopburi period, from th in Amphur Ban

... ., J

'l~l11tlti'J'JIJU

tl111Hlti1'U011tl

and jarlet eramic kiln

ru t, Bunrum.

...

m-u 1Un::flnUtflnou, uHn 1u nuunYiU'J

.....

~101fl1ti1'U011fl

U'J'JIJU

Dark brown glazed ew.:r nd fruat- h ped bo.

an pale

reen

fr m the ceram1c kaln in Amphur Ban

ruat Bunrum.

... ...

...

"1111JI fln oun 1'II u1o o -u nu un-rt u, tJ

...

11~'11 o -u n -u ltlu 1"11 n ntl -u 1H'U u1t1 -u Lu -u n "

~101fl ltll'U O'J1tl

Pale green gl zed nd the in

I y

..... J

ti'J'J IJU

u cd

rom the erami k iln mphur B n Kruat, Bunrum .

.tlHtlA.ll.ll.trt U11H1 Hllartrt111\f11~, ftt'I,Hl 1•1 ,sit I "'"\'~",. lA.l.UL t rlL ijN!Ht'aRo::IURU loll tltH 1ftltijH,

r·

f)ij1 (;.>-"' : O•J>CII ll.tl&L.t~.ULU)

p t'lb

...

,. ,

. .

"\J

12-LH~~ U~.tlA.llU ,. '&'rt

.till 1.1 alb1t111l.tl&l.t~.UlU p"' '"P

llUU.1.ftHLUI.ll.t[\::U.\Uln~l P•-~•

...

lA.Rt.tt~UlllA.t.1.1lftl.lft 1 ~ t.t ijftf11111rl1.1UI1U ,. ,. .. ,. 1"'..,.,.

ft,.u c.

n~ 1nrt l.l rt c. .t n.t.tu n~ rtLUJJ::I.l 11 I"'n~a ...u ,..

t'L lA.:: IU R U 1.1 rt ft ij l ll ft 1 t' H 11 ll l 1.1 H ft l lll.l ,. ... ll It I ftl.llUrt::l.tM1 lll.lt'l.lt'a~rt1 t'lllaftll.la

ijlllft ~

"'"''

12-~l t\f't11rt~t\~11ft ~a t\H 1t-a ft1

•

'If

.tlUHlA.&lt\lartt'.tlA. Ill lA.t\rt.ttll.tl.lll\1 ~ 't,. .. " ::.t~.\ t\1\o~ t.tijftt'L .tl.llUlftl11t' .tlA.ijt-a::.t M • ~ ,. " ,.,. J!' p lJI.t.1.rt U t-aRot' t\H ijt'a U Q1\WL 1.1 ll.t~RU tll11 0 '" toP "''" P"''" !:" tut ~ tA.nrtc.c.nti.tl&1::u.1.::U.1.tl1n~l .tijtt ~ 't ,. ... " -::tl.1.t'aft11l.tlllR.UtU111lJI.l.tt'Q.tij~1 Ill lA. 'tP"''" JI>P ,sill 't nruc.n.tl.ll&1::.tt.1.::1!11 e lA.t\rt.tC..tlA.t\IU.tll ,.

0...

,..,.

......

Ill lA.llrt.ttllJI.l &1::U.1.U11~\ t'lll 't '" '"If I lf~t' llA. t-a1

l &1::.tt.1. If

l~~ftJI.l.t::.tM::I!111.ltGlJI.l.t::.tt.UU ,.

t-a

•

t\ ft.tijt\ ::.tt.1. rt1 t'llA. ll.t~RU 11U ~llba.tijl l II' P"''" '""' II' ftl11 t-a~tll U1 t' .tlA. ijt'a::.t 1.\lA..tlU::I.l 11 t "' .'t p • 't " rtlft ::.tt.tn::.t rtt t'ij Ut'.trtft M.lA.ll.ll.t[\ U.tl&

I~Pif

~"'

tl.mnn::urt lll.lt'l.lt'G~rt1 nnal.lrtlftrt11 " ~ .. ,. .s•~"~' a• rt~t\~11\'t ~t'l-1. 111l.t~RU ft 111t'ij ~11 L ~.t rtllo1 I • .. I P"',. P' I f lA.l J1. M. rtU ft t ij 11ft, llt~R U ft 111 t' .tlA. ~l rt, 't ,. " "P"''" J!' ,.~,1'1 U n~ lA.lt lA. ft ~ RU ll\1 ::u.1.::1111 ~ U ftrt.tt ~

... Pp

.....

-DIU.tlo1.l&1::.ttAtta ,. .. " ,. t-allol~ 11JI.l.t::.t~1.a ij .... II'

... p

~.t l

rtl~

t-a rtl

-·

H ~ t'~.U11 lA. ttl ll.1.11Ul.tlll ::1111 Utll\l UUHIA. " 't "' ... t1. L KUUHU l &l IU .t l & t.\ Qrtl l trt11 t'll

...

'"· ...

tl1t.1.U l t

8 I>

Ullt 1lA.rt.t.tlltt~C.HlA.ft, H ... ,..

llrtiJQij ,.

II-

lll11t'~ft.t t

\'1

nartrt natHlUt 1 fr •

tA.Rt.tt~UlllA.t.1.

't rtt.tUrtl.lUt'GIIo I• "'

ttGlA.::.Ut'llort.ttll.tt~t

.,..

II'

a ijl ll ft ~ t-a rtlttl 11ft~ 11ft~ lA..tlUtt a

tt~t\111

• •

II'

.... ,.

rt~~Ul::.tl.\::1.?.11

t't1t'&11Uill.tlft

p QijltWl ,.. ,. ol.lttllll.ltt.UlU ~

....

t-a ttiU art1 t1.JI.1 fuij ll.llA.IUl.t Ill • II' o't I

ttlll.t~G::U 11.tijtt11UI.lt' lltt&[\~ t\1\o

...

•

~~~,.

p;p

•

Ulrtt.1.LllttLJI.~1ftt'lblJI.W'tUt'QIIot'ftH

"'to

"'" j:"

,. ,.

.,.

"J!' t\lllJI.l.tl.lrtG

.,..

...

t\H1

,cllilp

lllllH

'-·PI'"'-....,...,,. .. ~

...

"P'

"'",.

tt-

....

lA.R.t.ttb)UlllA.t.1.1l rtUU.tl&ll.l u::11 11 ,.

~C.Ht'IU4

....

flJI.::ttJI.lHrtQll1LQ

,.,.

.tlll.llfl

ij11t'llttll1

ttrt.tt.tlA.ttQl &1::.ttAt-alloU .tll\lllU

...

~~~

flrt t.t h t' irtttt.1.lA.l lll.t[\tA.i GlA.L Ul.t[\ttLi

ft,I.

ft~ IS

loll

llllloltt,

JI>P

P'""'"

"'"'""'

nartt'ij I> p

ftW11

...

_,. (P;.>-;pto ' P~J'CII\ 'rt~Ullll!t

,. .tUY

n rttt.ttA.nH 1rtl trtw::u.m ~ ::1.1n&1

- .tu)

t\W11ft1

t\J.11.tlll&

flGUill

llJI.L.tt'Q.tij~1 lrtG~H

lop

IS ill I If "' t-a~ijUrt.tLU&L ttl Qlll~lllll I. 0/S

fllJI.ll\ 1t'QIIo

L ttl111 lA.I111U.tlJJ.tltt\ ~ t1 rt::.t~1 I " 't '" ,sll\ ,sill t\111t1.Lttl Jl.lrtrtaRortUrt.t.t!t

,.,. .

L &1MlllolA.t'~

- ft~t::l.l 11 t'G rtl.t l Ut' llA. t1. ~t' lA.ll.ftt.1.rt J.lrtlW

'"•

•"'

~P'",.

rtttl.lrtl ttrtlltt ~t\~11tt~t'.t&lA.ttQ Qrtl.l1flt~

a ,

"''~~~

....... ,. ,.

t'GR.t flU 1ft t l.l rt U rt 1 a.t H H.tll Ht\111 rtGIIo If 't I .. PI ill II' If If J!'

,..

ttntA.tUtA.

1.1~1

... " na f\t uaa rt a11o t- a11o lllRo1 LIUla nLDR.HlA.

""'

ijt'Q fuijl l.lll.tlllRU t\ 111 l tGll.tllll.llU~ t::.t [\ p .. 0 p .... ,. ,. I II'P ... ::11 11 ~ijfUl.tlllHlA.fuJI.l.trt U ttl~.t .til ft ... ' p I... " • lA.ftrt.ttfl.tl.ll&l::.tt.1.t\Q t\lllt\111 OpJ>•

,. ..

'U't.1. t\111ltJI.l.tUUUartt'lb

rtl.tltttlJrti.l~t IU Ut'~Lrtlt\~rtlA.UI1H ,. . . . . ~-~~ ,o .. ,..,. .. t\JI.1t'H11flli1H • lA.t\rt.ttlltl.ll&1::.tt.1.t'QIIo I I 't'" "'If rtl n::t M na1 lA.U .tl 1\l U Ul1t.1. lA.L J.ll .trtt'QIIo 't ... "' I• t',.IJH I

t;_Htt~m 111111[\ t::1111 ~::.t [\rta.t Ul U 1 rttAt-allolllll~ti1::1URUilUl&~1

.tM 11 t'lflQ t\1\o~Ul Urtallo fl\!U 11t.UlA.Qil.t~,

lA.ftlllJ.liUL.trt l lrtt\lllt\11 1 ct• lA.R.t.ttlllU 't. ""' 't ~ !llA.M.t'llfttij t\~ttm~alnG.t~tHt'l\ rtll

-IUttt~aLma t-aftlt'~ttllllllllolft~ 0.~-J'~

( tl.l 11 "

~ Jl.l ttrtU IU t1.tl1ttt1U ll)

"'"' ,.

Htl-1.::.tnallll.ltt-atij •tA. ttrt.ttll.tUl&1::.tt.1. I 1p 't'" "'If l>

llt~ln::u.1.l&1lttrtUtt~ttJI.1 ~ H~

t'.tlA.t'ij • lA.ttrtttflt.Ul&1::tt.1.::1.1 11

-rtU llfttA rt J.lrtlW l rt t'llt'I1Hfl ,.,..tA.rtaRortU ,.p,.,. ,. ,.rtl.l

t'Q l.l t' lA.t'allofl.t \jl RUt'L tH::t t~ Uttlt't'~11

P"''"

.tlUUl& ~ U1 t'llollll fua .tij1t'l lA.llt\Mrtiartltij ... to"' "' p .. ,. Ul&lrtt-a ttltt at ijtt::t Mt-artlt' llll.l.tt'a.tij It,. II>'"P [\~ ~~ lA. 1::.t[\t'aRoattH1t'fl tl1Uaa " ,. 'Ill "' ... ttt::lllijllJft ~ t1. W11ft C. 11ft 111::&1\ lat' 1b na ,. If I J!' Jl~ ttW11Ul&fllftl&1ftl11t'tlA. • lA.ftrt.ttll.tU " " ·" 't.. .... l &1:: .t t.Ht lA. t' lllll fl l& H.1.lllot'allottH1 rtl W " ''t .... "~ " p tt, rtl~Ut1 t'lfla lJI.~1.rtUlA.flJI.L.tt'a.tijrt, It P ill I ,. 'tP I• h Jl.l.t rt.ttll.tU.tijft ft W11Ul&lllttl &lftll 1t'.tlA.

...

~ • lA.ftrt.ttfl.tl.ll&l::.tM. lt~ U.t11::n::.ttt, 't'" "'If I ~ It a11.1 rtlW rtU rtallo U.tl& fuLJI. tllJI.1 Ht1.111t'lll .. ... p "' 't " "' '!" 1!.1 fl.tl&l .t lll1.1lU::U.1. U1 fl~l t\Q p ..

fl.t lllRUllo1.rt::.t tArtl tt:: .t t.\

P"',.

,..

•

J!'

h:: .t t' lbU t l &lllU,..,..rt

•

fl.l.1t'l.lt'G~rt1 t'Lflal~MrtU.tUl\liUlQ ,. ,sa\4 1 ,. ,.

::l.tM1

lllo1UtttHUU~,

t'GIIot't\Htttl.lttl11

J:'

ttttll~ ~

,sill

- l ft rt 11 rt~t'a flo l' I fl~l

t\111

.,.. "'

ftt\Ult\1 ~ fuijLIJlA.ll.ll.tfll~t.tll

lJUl.trt

ft~ 11ft~ Ul & l rtHft 111 t' .t lA. ftijt'G::.tt.1. n.t~RU "' " I" llP P"''" -lHrt::.tt.1. l tft H1rtlWrtUft ftLIHl 1fuJI.l.t[\ I P 1>P ~ I p

-U ftl~t.trt t\Utll~l::IURo ft 1 l t lll11

.tllt.1.UlA.I1MlA. pe lA.UI1HU.tl&LilU t\11.1 ... • 't 't 't'" ... "' I LJI.t.UtUUl&rt, l.lU\lA. ~ t'lllllA.t\1 ijt-G::t~\ ,. 1.1'1 ~'t ' ' t ltp t-alloU.tl& li1UI1t.1.lJUL.t[\::l.tt.1.1 t'ltllot'LtU H

llt1.JI.1f\, ttllo qe ..

Ullllllllll.U::I.l 11 lo

::IURUIWl&ttH1H1 ,.

::1111 ftijt'IJ t-art1.tlUt'llA.t'Ufl11ftlll1fl1tlU 't I. ,.

rtttl l.l ...

·" "' \jllll::.tMlAll.ll.trt r·

::1111 l n::.t l.l artl.l 1l trt.l.11111 11rtll ,..11H1,.l.l[\.t a t'Grt1t-H::IURUI1UL&~1 ~Ult'l.lt'lbtt 0.• lA. "' ,. • ,. ""' ,. t-Il 't R.ttt~j~ijll.lA.t.1.1l rt~ ft ~nRofut& 1t' ijUtijf1.11U.U ti!H ttlH

-t-a rt1

t'lloll ftrt11L U. rtl ~ llli.1H.t~1. 11 U ftlll llo1.rtlll H a, o , p 1,

lt\.UlUlltA.f.1.::11 11 ~tt.Gl ttl.llUlllA.I.l ... .... ,.

lrtt l U.U ~, lA rt l

t\ll.laftw, tlA.Illl.liHM11~, rtallort.t.tUrti!U .... "'7 I "~ I"' .... rt.ttll tt~tt'allo U.t.UlA.Q l rtftlllt1.111 ijt'a

-::.t M.t'allol1lUJI. .t~1111 ft C.OJlJ>ii-C.OJ>J>• 'U 'M ,. I

't"' l rtUJI.lt.t ijft t\trtt\U.t\1-l.lA.L lll.t [\IAUil1 ... .. .... 't p ~lttlloiGtA.llll.t[\ttLittR.1 t'H11flll.lH J'~

~ t'l~ttllt\~ rtlft::.tt.1.tli!U U.tl& lllUrt ~1 't

- ;.>~ lA.R.t.tt IllY lllA.t.1. H tH ::c. t\ ~ rt Gllo 111111 't I " " t\lllJ.lt\lllUrtt.dlUl.t f\::l.ttA 1 UlJI.M.

t\W11tt, fl.t~RUI1U~lfua.tij1t'llA.f1.1 t'Q~ ltp.._,. ,..,..., ,. I. "

,. . .

... ..

,..,. '""

rt II.L t:: t 1.1.::1.111 l~ 11JI.l.t ::.t~1. t\111 t'lb

t'& ...

Ill lA.ttrt.tC.IltiJl&1::.tt.1. 't ,. .. " ll~lA.ltlA.t\ ~RUl 1\1 " p ..

rtRU Ull!Ut ..,,. ,.....Ht'l ft::tt.1.::1.1 11ft,.rt.ttlliU.t ,.

:: tM,

-lo1.l& ... ,. 1::.tt.1. t-aRo l ~llJI.l.t ... ::.tM 11U ,. l.l.t rt.U U.1.1 1 t'lll ll~ lA.ltlA.ft~RUl&l::.tt.taUt't\Hijt'al~ toP'"' "'"'" lrt'P -~ttJI.l.t::.tt.1.rtt'.t tA.::I211 e lA.ftrttC..tlA.t\IU.tll 't ,. .. <l. lA.t\rtttllJI.l&1::.tl.1.t'aRo

,. ... L&1::tM::I.111 l

....

lliU.tHlt ,..rtRUU ,. ll!Ut ,..,H t' lft ::UA::U 11 ftrt.tt ,. ,. ..... rtl ft::U.1.t'tlA.lA.lJI.l.t::.tM.t'llC.l l.lU t'trtftM 't ... I If lA.ll.lL.trttA.I1t.1.lA. o~• lA.UIUl.U.tl&li!Ut'~ l''t 't 't ,.

... .... ,. .ttijrt1Jat.1.

t\t.la~.Uft 111t-a.tijU rt ll.tlll RU rt I ,. j:" I• p ... ,_ ...

t-a lC.~t\111 ::IURU 1.1 rttA.t'a rtlt\L 11ft 11 1ltt\H1 ,. j:" ,. l>'t II' IS j:" H~a.1.1UU.tl&LU.UHIA.tt~t\L~U1.1H~11

U lJI. ~1.rtUUl& rtQIIollU rt.t .tll tt~ c.::1.1 11 p

.tlU t'llA. ~ JI.I!U1 t'L na llft M rt l.lrtlW rtUrtl ft • ....,. " , P,. ,. ,.. a a11'/S ij ~~ tta~ 1\L.UQ IUt 1.till t t\H1 "' .. I P rt11 ft 1211ll 11

t'H t'Cl.I.11Ut1 .til ft ~:: UA tl1

H&lA.11t'LflQt'Qrt1.tlU::1.111rt.t.tll.tt~t

- "'

....

nvu u uu t'f1JtJ -.~-,::

nn~n~::nm UIJltJ ml1JL , ..... ~ ,.,

L 1t'fltJ1l1JUY1 1.1 L'I!Unucn fl1t'f\Jll1~1ltJ d ' c4 .q <41 Ill • ~ mn LV ll fl111J LHU11L UU H1Jtll~U L1Jtl~Yl ~ ~ nt:> mn uu uu 'I.IU n1 nw lt:l-.1 lt:ltJ

1 :. 'l"

v .,

'1.1 t:l-.1 t'ffll UIJltJ nll1J'IJ()1J \Jl11J LfftJ YIN U n::

... '

.o~~

lfdl

L1Jtl~VI ~nn 111J1 Ufi1L UlJt'f ~ U t'fVI-llHL H\!11

... '

mu LlJtl~ Yll~mflnnH l.lnlliJIVIIJltlnu

...

•

t:lt'f1U Ufl::nlJVI'1!1 VltJLt'fUY11~H1t!LlJ()-.l

,, ..

., ,

fllLYIVll UfllJUl.JtJ 11J1t'f n ,UtJ~fllJUl.JtJ 1l.Jtl ~·...

41iwJ"

LUL'IJIJI Ll.Jtl~VUJ 1tJU n::unl.JtJ w.,

w-4

.. .d.. II

...

flltJHtl~l'l!nltWll::L~1t'fltJ1ll.JUY111D

" .

n~1J1u1u Ll.J t:>~ l u mfl t:>n1u n 1J fl11l.J t'fl.J.,d, ... ., ., ""'

-.·•un t:>tJ N mnnut:>1n11 ~ nln1J -.~'1!1tln -,:: ~ ~ l .. " ~ .. ~ tJ::HU~ fl() Ut'flJti'IJt:l~~l::L~1'1!tJ1l1JtJYI ' "'"' . . . . Jill<~ ' m t:>1~nn11 L~11fl11l.Jt'f1J~U'I!Ul.Jl.J1nn11

nJJ"'vlV~ 'l

Ul1ntJl'IUlt:l~ltltJ'I.It:l-.lfl1t'ftJ

~tlt\<4'

nmuun:: Ul1tli11Jlt'l Ylt'flH'I.IULUUtltJ1~

... tl

fln n,.,1J ,

L1t\11Jl1-.l tl<i

. .. .. J

Jill

...

•

'1 '1Jt:l~fllflt:lt'f1ULnt:lUYl~l1lJVI

. I

...

u l.JtJ'I.It:>~n~IJlltJt:>~fluluu-,If

L1ULl'W~fllJUlJU1'1!

., .,

tJn

UL'IJIJl~-.lH1VI'IJ()tJ

., d l 'U1~Vi1::11ll'lMt'l1'l tlfl111tJ'l~'UYI Vll'U ll tl '"' d 1 .I o ., '"' 'I Ill 1111 t1 1 l l1'Uflfi~LH'U111U~1l1t'lnl1'U'Ufl'l LlJ L~ fltJ

.,j

-1. -o~ .,J I~ VIL1 tJ'l~ 'UVI LL9l L~lJ <II

•

I ne im

e of

I J,._ ' .. tf1tliJ10l'nJ"11JUn~flfft111LM tl111f1ll tf1'1J

tj radhorn hou. ed in m ny I ten te tower

in th •

"' ~ tflJtJtll'UJ1

orthea l ,

opburi pen od &: o

~, fl'l Lflt'l fl\.ltJ 1tJ1J1~1n

LlJ fl'l"ll1tJ~'l'U1'ULLt'l1

11h '1111111 Y11 fl 1tJl11H111tJ

Cl~

':Jtc.lO:xl tC:>OI :>41 l!uowc .. lClCWOJQ OC4J., P:JIIC:l Sl ll

t-LtH::t llttl.~rt IJ.rtLW::TURU u::u 11 I

' ICW14d JO :>tdW:>l :>41 U! punoJ

IIA ucwJc., c.< t•r l!UI)I JO :>l!cw1 :>UOl

. .

OLrt 14 rt HIA.LIJLt [11A.fl M

, I' IA.rtHtMt.L 14 11 L t.Unt 1Ulrtrtt.JJM.YI.' llo L IA.t\ rtttn li.L ~ 1::tl41.'1lM~ WU IUU &[1 t

',.

It-

,.,.

.._,,_

•

p,.,.

lt\~att 1

,..

tt W 11 ttt 11::12 lll11 t-a rtl ttl 11t-GR.t-Gt ijUrtt l U II

tt 1t l tiJHijl::U 11::TURUI.2lKU~rtllllll~~rt1 It II

ll~l

llrtiJ.t-Grt1tLUHlA.~ijrtltlRtt11 I.,. • ....

rtHl l

Ul& lll~G t-arttLU ttl11 ::ltM. 1HUU ijLU::~ 11

• I!'

Lll::tt.~l () 1l II

ttrt11 rtUtt~11tt~t-atijUrtrtallol t ll

lA.allo1rtlWI1Ut-llHflaflt~ltH1 rtl Ul &1M.LR. '!' ~ ,. '!' I " F> I L1p " " ttttltUt-ll rtl lJUltrtLHUt-llA.t\Ht\ttll ':J I '!' I L1 P t-an.natt-att-lA.Ua ttJJI11J.Ut-art1 t-QIIot-nH 11

l" o rt

lll.l.1

';1

,..

,. F>

It-

lA.ttrtttllllol&1::tM.t-an.t-aUl& ,.II o

,..,.

ta tHlll ttl Hit ILIA. f.tnllo:: ,. tt.~::~11 UL).H ll

lJt l at-an.natt-a.tmd}UltrtlA.~~ t-art1rtrt~ I '!" • II" ,.I ttt~ 11 lIt a~~ona1lA. l fl ::tt.~ l () 1l tt ltlHt L t-G rt1 1 '" t 't' " l • II" l~t.tl1::l.tt.~1 t-at 1fllUHt\ttLUH lfuli.Ltrt t ';1 I p u ttn llA.l~ r. r.1111 u t-1111 llll:: ~ 11 t- &11ll.ttllo ,.

,."

It lW lA.I1 ttllllo1 flij1 ::~ 11 tlt-G.t 111U flt~ ttHl

..... -~,."" llloi1M.tlij1t\ijHLt1 lllt\LHit

rtl l&!Mlllo L1"

""'

ll.lA.t.~ llllo ,. ::tM. ttL I R~... ::trt ::~ 11 ~LjHil ijt l

H .tiJ.HlA.Utt ttttUitG tt.~ "

!>';1,."

alll~lt\llttijrt::r.M. I

t-art1UL&tlttllt-ltJJHL~trtl ~ lA.ttrtr.t II" "" 'T,. ijttllo::tM.lA.l.L.llt rtU.tl () p • ~ t ntli.M 1::1.111

flllol &1::r.t.~t' 1t. ,." ...

u1ur~ L t~n::r.tA.ttn.t-Grt1aij

...

",.~~~~-

tnrur.u.~iJ. tnli.L.tt-art1 ,.. ,.. ~ t-art1ttll.1nttli.1H1 It-

';1

Ht'.Ut-art1 tpl.l p ... II" "

rtan.nn nrtr.r.ur~um.~lA. • ... '!'

t'G lt1 l~t.tl1 L tllt~U~l Gllll1::tt-fltlttltu II"

...

';1

t' IlL II. M.rt UU l & rta n.t-allot-G r. ijU rtt lU lllL fll U ,.'!" ,. "

'llaU Ill IliA.\~ ~lA. 1::.r.n,.. t-an. t-LI.!U ijLUI~~11 n~~

•

ttttllrtU ';1

I!'

::U111ltlt\RUH tH::tttl ~~lt\ntlU t1.

P"",.

,..

p ,.

II"

~t~t::.r.nuttrtHl

,. ..

LlA.lA. ,.,.,..""0'1"

....

L tlUilllfu

II'

II"'!'

';1

':P,.,.

•,.

,..

II"

:: t

., ....

••

I!'

.p "

II"

t'Gln

.'ll

t,.

,."

t.~ llrtll tt, n~u ttl11lA.ll~t~ tn ~u::~ 11 rtr..r.u

p 't

...

,. , .... I

ttlt\ ltf\1 fll It M.t-a rt 1 " p .. "' lA.tlrt.ttflllol&1::tM.t-allo

'!",.

,."

tuttllA.t-ll11ll11 I

lll tlLHrt

ltt\HlrtlWH~ Uf\LlA. IF> •"" I

-lllA.M.Illlo::.tt.ml11t'ij ,. I!' t'll1 ~ijfUl t11lU nt-lt. ,. ..

::rt::~t~::Lrt11:·art1 II" ~

'1" ..

t-a~l &rt ttlf\1 l

ttlllM 111

•

,..

II"

It,.

1,.

lA.I1M.lA.I11111

lA.tt&t-llt1

,..

fllA.IIol.Ut-a lt1lA.t' tt ,. ~'1>7 Tllflltltt JJUl p .... ~

l.l.~rlttlA.l t-an.t-l l.l.ttt JJ::1.111 ..,1"' l '

t-a rt1 ::1.111 tl1 M.l.l t-a rt1lA.I1MlA.ItlHt-1.1rt 1till l.l ~

...,.

'!""' ,.

'!'

...

I..

p ,.

llM.l::tM n .ttlA.lnllo1t-L flatlllUfl

I'!'

t-Il ttn&&11Ul&atHrtHL t-•"' fll.l1~1,.Ill,.,. 11"1

lllrtUlrt

H ~ U ij LU::U 11 ttlll aijlU tt 1 ttllol111 11 tlfliJ 1 ... " ll ,..

flrt.IJ. ttij t-aR. Llll Ill IJ ttL Ill ~at-arttl u tl ttUl& ,.. ';1

l lA.lA.::U 11 rtallo 111111 flltlA. ttH::U 11 ~.tl llflt~ 0,.. .. .. o.,

ttaUilJJ.laM.~HLtt ttl UH 1t\W11ttt11 I ,.. ..... ';1 I " I

uatt

alloll at t-atn t.U lU

-lllt\ 11l ll JJ n 1.1 Ut'

t-a rt1 M.t-art1 ::ru" U 1.1 rt ~ tlU llttM. rtiJ. rtlW It n tt ttlll na~t~ l flllll a::u 11 tn ~~~ nrt JJ TULt 111

ll rt.U tl 1 tt W11 atH tU &lfll La Ll!\.ttl1 l t 11M. l &1 M.L R.t-aR.L tlJM. ijl RU Ut LUM. L

Lijt'flt1~~11 0 ,..

II"

t-H 11L ijftlt ttii.GM.flrt.Utt 1 lllA.R.li.J.tt W 11L tlA.

""' ..

"'..

llolt rtttlltUtijttt-a rt1ttllo 1 ttR.t-art1f1.111 t ~

II"

t-at1t-llrt1

atH

Ut-tlloltttl lllttl&1

atlJ1tll11t-a~tllU1tlUUl&Lrtt-a ttlna t-aM

II"

,..

~Ut t-U-I.lA. l.. ttat-artl~l fuHLt-llM.LlfMLart , 1,. """'""'I ,. ,.

rtH lA.lA.t-ttH ttW 11 Ul& lltlt\RUt-allUiltlU ,.. '!' .. " p .. ,. I rt::&Urtttrtllo1llttM.rtiJ.rtlWUL& ~~ t-ttH

tltltl&ttf11~ijfllltl1l ::1.1 11tllllll ~ 0 PIp lA.f1rtttllllol&1

l tallo1 It

t'LtUit\R.1LTUL!HttLUlA.fla~t rt1 U " ~ '!' I " ,I l)p

tt ~ t-a rt1 ttl 11t-IJR. fuH ~ t- flrtLW ::~ 11 "~att ~ ~ t ~ t-a II"rt1tlUt-llA.&l ttlaNlfll rtH&LaLt 1lA.::~H 11 0 • ,. tttt 11.1 fuHl tt111 L UttH t- a rt1 ~~ t-a rt1 U L & lo li> I !II" II" 'll I I llt14RUt-aflUiltLU rtttlln~t::U11 ltt.IJ.l~

P"-,.

t-a rt1 tLU t-llA.tl U &U ttl~ tt 1 t-lA. ttU ::1.1 11ttU II" ... " ":~ ,. ,. t-It. aUH 1lltllo::U 11 tLU LTlltt11t-atij1 t- JJ.tlU fuH ~ ttn 1L tru~::tlUrtGrtatHUl tla

Itt-&

,. 1l

,..

ttW11Uat-aR.l.. fuijliJ.t-art1t-atijatHilllolt " ,.. ,. 0 II" II" p t-at ij lIt t' ttH tttij11 Ul& Ill ttL &1 ..

llt14RUH1 ~H1nl11t-& p .. ,. .. " p •

llA.lA.t'lA.I1~::trt-atij1::1.111flLU~tU

• 'I" ';1

rtttlA.1

II II .. ~ .. ljltJfl11lJL!l !lL l~!l~!l-lfl tlltUJf'l fljl lfl'l.lfltl

tone im ge of Phro J ynbuddhamahanata in By courte y of Khun

kdi Rntnonkul, Ch1ef of

.. " ~ "' ll1l1'U 10!l4lU11!llflfl O'llJf'l a

nmbod1

rch colo y d1vi ion

ine

partment.

t.h 01

.un1::: ln1 .I

"' .,

tt fl 1

t111 tJti 'I'I1J1

4 "'

nun 1110~ lnn 'U111UOI

tone image or Sodhi

lla

,. 11'111J1

a round in M uang Ko in rni Rajbur i. Lopburi penod .

., J/4 wal u n::1~ln::un ·non:: U'llJ lJ'Hll1'!!1~L uu

"' "' .... . "' ~ " uu1~>~YllJtnllJfllf1ty'lMMlJ1 LlJV~n::

fl1l-11~11ltl 'ULlJtl~

L'!!'U

1~l·n::ul::

L'Yl'U

d .. "'

...

'ill

lut'llJtJY111'l11>1 OlJ11>1tl:: L1tltl'Utl0LlJtl~ ~

LlJtl~'Ufllfl'l'll'lllJ ll'!!

a<ol"'

nlJ1~l·n::nl\JILL n::

!t,'

...

::,

,.,

•

.,I

1 ...

., ".., ' ... llJ~ 10 LL fl1'UO lJ~'!!lLI>ItJH l'UL YltlnL 'II 1 I

., '

fl~lJ

1WI'U 'll'l'llJ'IJM

LL t'I::'U l'U

....

•

...,

•

" '

...

fltJHl'U~101Jl'ULlJV~l 'Ul'IJIJIL'!!tl~lltl

YIN

YlNVlW ,~"'n1n L'II'Yl"'v u n:: n1u til LL Yl'U Oll

" " ., ' .... • ' el ~ .... ... e. ,.1YII t 1l11 ~ h11n110111J1ti'IUllJ I ""II n::fl111J'I11J1ti,.O~fl n 1 "trlJtJtiYilJ 1" Utl:: "fl nUtiYilJ 1"

...

•

n1uu1 un::nl'IJ'YltJHl'UL'IIlfltnfltJt'lltl •

... ,.

lJI"' : ll cj d 11 'U1L 'U lJ~ lOnll '!! 11>11>1~ Ot'111 'U LlJ'U fl'Utl Jl

-4

l'i 'U lJ 1>1 ~ Ll nL '!!'U LL\Jl Ll>llJ

Y~Yl'!!fl\Jl1'll\IY1 1)~-lld tl~lJl ~LUM'UlJl L1J\.Jnllt'l'l1~11>1fllfltytltJOt'INLlJtl~

...

lJ l~lOnl'll ~'lqj'IJ'U 'IJMtllW 1~ Ol tll'U '!! 1~

CJ! ~ Ln \>I'll 'U LL Yl'U'Yl LL fl1 'U L fl\Jl 'llJ lLL 9l L~lJ l 'U ll I l ::tJ ::'U n ll LL Vll 'Htl 1 tl'IJ V ~ tllltl'll 'l1lJ .1• ... ~-1 ... -4 , , "' 1 u n:: n llu OflltJ~ LutltJ'U'Ylfl'Yll~ w~lnLI>IlJ fltl l>l'llJ~ln

... d t l t " 'U 1~'\JMH 'l::lJ'HlO\IIJl'ltl ll'llJ'U fl~'IJ'U

r_• "' fll'Ui'llJtl

'f I 4 .,j Jl 1~Y111 Lfl\Jl'ltltll-ltlnLlJtl~LlJ'U\Jl'U "'

vv 1~n nCJ! ~ 1::'1111~ fllt'l u -4 .. l" al ... Jl • CJ!~lJ Htl 'HL lJ'U nl'llflllJ t'lll~ l~l:: ll'!! V 1-

( LlJtl~O'l::lllJtllJ

Lfln luL'\1\JIYn::nv~)

\Jl'U 1ll.al """"' .. .,d L'!!'U'UL lJ'Unl 'lll fii>I~L'H ll1'Ufl~fl11lJfl lJl'l'U'II

l Jl "' "' tJ'Ufl\Jlnl'lfl'lH11>1 nnnm·n::l1'!!1~

o o1 I~ 'f Jl I tl~lJl\JlllJTI ll>llJLLlJ'U 1 L'IJ~ L'Ulft

1 'U \Jl'lfl1111 I1 O~'U fl~l 1J \JUt 1111 t ~ ..

....

..,

...

,.1YIIt 1'ft 1 'IS n11Yit11011t1 nt~n'1!101::n11 1Uti ou 11 UMTIHn ~fllJU t1::1•U111111 • ~tr::Yl ou oon111m~flt1unmu" un111111 t~::u 1::" 111n111J IIIII • ., t' "-!& 4 ., tl ., "' ' .._ ... ., ' ... -4 t ..., .I Ill Luun 1fl t\1 ,.1YIItl11 fl111J 1'11 'U'IJ tllltl ~n u n n Yl1flfl "flntl 1nu 1n llfl t1 UtiYilJ 1 'll ~l'I1'UYitl 1tl 111'11 ::,.tJ1tltl1tJ ,.tl ~" t1 un 111111 uuu II .. ... ., "' I "IIIII .... • ... .. • al fll • ., t ... .. ... 1,.1' UfHYI nlflfl111'1!1l'l • • o u1 u Mll1t10111 uuft tiULL uu,.ollm tlltl uuu uu,.o111 uu '11n nn 1t1 t\1 n ~ 'll'l1 uu u u 1 wn NfltiU,.tl~ "' • " ~ I 'I &\ I ~ I ~ "' II II , • .4 fttiU011lJ 1 un11tJYI'r111flfl111'1!1l'l •• II fin~ N LUt10,.tl~fl~llfiYIYIIflfl 111'1!1n eb tl-l111tltl1~n UI'IS~ ,.1YII'Il 1~ MU1::nllfl1111~41 u~-11 uu I e <IIlii" t J. t 4 ... Jl" ., I' t1 1 ., -4 4 e1 1 _, 4 e tltl HlJlO 1 'Ufl1011U1tJ,.tl-ll11'Ul'l11 "1 'Utl~t10fltiU011lJU lJlJ'U 1 'UU1::1 Ylfl' l'ltl t1 ~fi'Uf11 l'11YI1JO 0'1!11'1111 Otl 'Uti 'U01tl II U'IS ft 'II~ 01 '11'Utl

11.'.

...

tl1tl t111 tltl'U lt~lJfl 11111 1J lltltl 1~flt1U 011111 'UU 1::1 YlflOlJYI '111'11 ~n::111tlflt11tlfltl ~0 'U I'IS 'U tltl 1~f'ltl UO 11lJII 1J 1J'Ufl11 tl ( fl1 ~'11tl-l'IJO-lYIYI11· • ~• .. ,J .. -4 • ~ .., ,. ~~~ I I ~ I • Jl flfi111'1!1YI eo~) '111 011 1J1JlJ11tl~fll1101J1ti'U ( flHII10'1JMYIYI11flfi111'1!1YI eu) fl11lJ\IH1fiO fltn'UII lJlJnYilJ Hl11tl1tl 101011YI Oti111J 1'U .... I tl " I .... f "' " f I 1.. t t " -1." ", J OlJ 'lJ'U Otl lJN'IS 'UlJHIIll~OlJ tl1tl tltl 1 'U YIYI'II f'lfi111'1!1YI el. llfl f!1'U ht(\1 1J tl1tl fl ~ llfl 111YIYI11 f'lfi111'1!1YI eb M 1J1 (fl1 flfl 11t11tl _,...... •• •, "'' .. .. t"Jl I . . . . . . . . . . . . ... lJ.t. fltlYI1ftfl tlftOtl, litchi.. l.b l.d) ,.1YIIt1flftl1n111,.ti\HL\J1Jf1Ll11J11'11'U'U '1Jf111L1J'UI1MYI1~1'1S1011Yifl •

•

'-· U1Hfiii'IJOl11 Olm1tltl1 'UI110~tiY11J1'U

....

.,c ..

,•

f'l1flfl1t11tl 1JW!ftltHtJOtl1l111101tl 111Y1YIIflfi111'1!1YI eel ( f'l1flfl11t11tl lJ. t. ~tlYI1flfl

.....

..:.·

fl fl~tl, l.clc o. cn-ci) fl ~'U 'U\1 ~llf!Ofl 1~' U'll10fl111Jflfl Ll1 'U'IJMfl1flfl11'1111tl lmn ltl

•

w -4

If '

flflr!lJtl'n.,:mlll1.,tl1.,lJU't1 I. OUHIIYI'H •

<llillo

...

Uflftlrlfln•,.,uln'7!Htl JJ J-1. c ,, ...... fl~flYlfi~UrlfH 1 Ill 'n'n11·

UUW1Ufl1JJ d

....

Rlr!fl.,nl.,tl JJ.t. nnmftft f'IRnn

,, "~"·n.,

" 1..nnlnfiJJ

l.cho

.. zJ "'

f'lll ffJJ tJ ll'IW1 ;

•

...

n.,::Ufl'J OllJfttll.hO'J

nz/1uzl1::t~ff7no n~ ~nu1JJn1'JnJJ~

.. ~

.j,

Ori1U'J::l111~'1'iYI'IIftfi1'J'J'WYI e l.-e'b-

l1U1 "'c( -c( d

n'J::um ~ ~ ... .~. .. .j, IJJfJ~/V11DI UYI "' ~UUYI •

fltllfllJ - 'IIU11fllJ l.~ e 6

The Northeast of Thailand during th

the Lopburi Period ( 10-13 Century A.D .) Sr i s a ka ra Vallibh o tama By the end of the lOth

entury A.D.,

due to heavy influx of Khmer civtli-

Angkor Wat

tyled monument

reeled in the

orthea t and in the

zation from Cambodia into the ba in

meantime

of the river

the roof of the tower

Mun and Mekhong, the

\ ere

the architectural

tyle of

in Angkor Wat

Mekhong Riv r

to th

ioned th found

name Jayavarman VII wa the ancient town of

Northea t of Thailand entered a new

wa in many way , influen ed by that

Phong in L o and at a

of the temple of Phimai.

in Wat Dhat Lu ng

wa called by many scholar

more, Khmer cultural influence al o

as the

It differed in many

Lopburi period.

f und it way from Phimai and

hai-

tone

this wa evident from the change in-

to Muang

to new type

va !ley and whence to the Chao Phra-

tury A.

ya delta in C ntr 1 Thailand.

ancient monument

of variou

namely the regu-

larly oriented tr_?ctures and plan

ing the Petchabun Range

Khmer styled brick tower

the ancient town , the Hindu and the

Muang

Mahayana Buddhi t sanctuarie which

buri ) , and

were built in Khmer style, the digging of baray and acred temple pond the con tructions of road and irriga-

art influen e from th ya arman 11.

tion dyke

and the establishment of

ceramic kiln

to produce Khm'er type

pottery used all over the Northeast. Historically peaking, the presence

After ea t wa

ukhothai. all indicated

that the regions along the

Mun and the Mekhong River once accepted the Khmer King

uriyavarman I.

Dcp in the Pa ak

ia Muang

alley.

larity brou ht about a li hing Khm r typ

popu -

ult of

templ

rt tab-

dedtcated

to Mahayana Buddhi m in the middle uch a

La-

va, Rajburi Petchaburi Muang ingh and

ukhothai . AI o

111

ny cult ob-

built and

from Cambodta.

the pre ence of Khmer cultural ele-

Accordtng to the tn crip-

tion of Pra at Phra Khan in dia,

ambo-

Jayavarman Vll had roads cut Angkor to variou in hi empire.

al o had many h

sa/a or

and

pital and dharma-

mall temple

traveller

citie

On the way he buill for the

to stop and pray.

And to

many princtpal town , he had the

To many

cholar,

men; ha created a mi under tanding tha{ the Central Plain wa

brought

under the Khmer rule and that many citie

were identified a

orne citie

mentioned in the in cription tone of Pra at Phra Khan in

arnb dia.

After Jayavarman VJl

Khmer

cultural influence in the Northea t declined and gradually cam

to an

ported that the Mun River ba in wa

tatues of Phra Jayabuddhamahanat

end. It eem d t

a new

ruled by a local monarch King Hi-

ent a

wave of civilization from the king-

ranyavarman who wa

up-

. pread from the North ea t

entral Thailand

Mahayana

More temples wer

town

Phnom Rung and Phimai al o

uriyavarman If

VJI.

from

tone in cripti ns from the temple of

Like the reign

bodia again tn the 13th entury A.D. during the retgn of Ktng Jayavarman

had

Further, the

Khmer civilization of the 13th Cen-

of many tmportant citie

political

hegemony from at lea t the reign of

Vientian

ject u h a tmag of the Buddh and Bodht atta a were al o imported

Buddht m.

hinted

uri-

brought more clo cr to Cam

her with many

Khmer kings

reign of

uriyavarman Ll, the North-

re tared all dedicat~d

ing the name of the

found tn

ri Oep, Muang Lava ( Lop-

of the Khmer type monuments togettone stelas mention-

The

hrine

housed.

yaphum pa

and pattern

mall

tatue of Jayavarm n VII wa

re peel from the previous period and

rt 0 p in the Pa ak River

the

Khmer temple with in crtptlon m nt-

period of socio-cultural change which

urther

north,

the main cult object.

the

ive way t

a clo e kin to

city of Phtmai wa

mentioned among

dom of LanNa and

King Oharanindravarman I and king

the principal town

in th

north and northwe t which

Suriyavarman II.

lo e connection

between the Northea t and Cambodta eemed to accentuated durtng the reign of King

uriyavarman II a many

ription

ukhothai tn the pread in

likely that there were many

to the kingdom of Lan

hang in the

town

in the ba ins of the Mun and

ba in of the Mekhong

nd the

Mekhong Rtvers that were tntegrated into the Khmer empire.

Along the

RiverÂˇ

Figure of apa.wra in dec?rativc frame carved on the side wall ncar the gate of the main tower of Prasat Wat Phuâ&#x20AC;˘ on the shoulder of the mountain.

Bass.tk, l.:to.

tl1tJ1l1l'f

n..u..,ft'~ua::'t1u"lu.,ut.lnnnn.,M •'un1~ Lintel and pediment of a building in the compound of Prasat Wat Phu.

n.,tma.,~flal t.lnn1n~n1:: lt~u

11.

... .. , .. • • ~ c. IO'Wflnnu '· 111tlUlfl i111~1111Ulr.J1fl

depicting an episode in the Ramayanu story, Prasat Ku Kradaun •• Amphur Kasctwisai, Roi Ed.

Figu~

of apusara ut the gate

of the main tower of Pmsat Si Khoraphum, Surin.

Part of stone lintel of a small 1·iharn in the compound of Prasat Kampaeng-yui, showing deities attending the sleeping Vishnu.

...

1 tl~llltltll llllYnHI~11 .,

., ....

~tJltJLQYil::ft'l~lfH~lfl J "

•

...

•o~nu·tnl nm1 Lnn o~fl•lvll o~e~t1.,1nl'I'I01LUH,lfl\l '· "' n::mw Stone lintel of u small l'ihurn in the compounJ of Prasat Kampaeng Yui, showing Vishnu reclining on the back of naga-ruja.

I t

'"'

t.l

•

~ft1'UUII~ u11ft1"n8111t11J &U'U 11ft1"ft1UHM&1tl~n'U

The brick towcn of Prasat Ku Suan Tacna, Bu~irum.

v11G1Ynt\nnW1\I t. \lft111'WGII1

Prasat Phnom Wan, Nalthon Raj Sima.

Prasat Plaibat on top or the Plaibat Mountain, Amphur Pakonchai, Burirum . ... 1

. " .,. ., " '

•

....

•

111UI1YIM\&1 UMa-1dfiYI1fi1UfUI1UD~ L1 antl11Cf1YIH'Un1U "~'U flU

a11~asaa,.,:at,.a1nluYI

Prasat Kampaena Noi, consiructed in laterite,

Sri Saket.

Probably bclonaed to the period or Jayavarman VII.

. f

. '

....

â&#x20AC;¢

1ULtltnn1Jnq1" ua:alnn1Tifl1LL ft~u nv Pra\at Ku Phra Santar.ll, con\tructed m laterite in the same style and plan as those of Ku Rusi and Prasat Kampacng Noi

~) ... ..... / :~:"··

.·

;:J

c: II

";:J

;:l ;::)

C"'

;::)

r"'

• P" ;:l )jl:

•

...

c;J

.1'

tJH'fJ.J1Y W7Jf1n7171U7

, 711"tJ'i11"... )J)Y"'1l fl" Wc4Ufl.J ~

./q

1YtJUJJ(J7nfJU

.:. ~ U7.J'JYfY7U.JlJJ tl.J

li~ V fY1V717fl117fl.J

v<l

u1vrmn JJ?'i

'iu'i7.JH1171'17fl::fli(J

WT.J1V'i11 JJI'fU!i um

~ "~ ' 0 fltJN n Tvflv ::mnmu11

' .. 7"11 JJ?lf!U " vu m um.Jvl m11Gin VtJ'i'IY JJ'IY q...

...

'' '' ....

Yl11)J~11)1'UJ11'!f1

'1·1

?I n'IJOVHH'l1 DDn u

Yl11lJH1 ...

1'5'5tuL '1-11

~ :,

~::VJ~>~mtl1~>~ 1m1~1'5UU'5::~1'51'tli'f1lln o

.-,

U1~(Jl(Jl~lJ1'5D'flnL~ll Yl1.:l '1 uVl1lJlifl'I-1H~ <! il .. d ~ 1l!'51\l1'5Uunn l.Jl-11'1-1'1-lnnt t'l~ll\11'1-1 H1'510l

.....

I o

~ ~

lJUll(\j 'lVID'lllnmn~ 1tll-11D[J

l'lt liLt'f[J'l'IJD'l l!'5'tl'51nii1UL'IJ11J1L'I-I ~

Hlun

...

.!.

, t

vn1nn1n~ 'l-lflnnllty'lr~lll-1 <>

LUll

<JJ..

II Tf'l D1VIVI[J Vl'tf 1~t'l D~

\JID~(Jl")ltqj'llJ1'51>11 I )\ <i DULUD~fl'5~::'UN

~::ln~nt'll>lnlUUliL'll

" ., <f lil Lli\J1Dflil'5'5[J'I-I

, • ..

r.<J

I....

I .\

fl'l-ll1'll!'fi1[J\l:: LlJLH'\.1

, c;f L1lHL\JlNVI~::LUtlfl fl'5D'lll

..I

IIYI~H'IJD~V11'5n1llll II '

Ll~1'\.lll' w

L'tlllt'l1 llt'l'l\Jl::1'1-1V!Hn?ll>l llt'l'lDfl<1..\i I~ d ; Sl I ~'5'5tJVI lJlJ 1mn11J1'5t'llJD~mu1~>~ 11\Jl

U1~V~\JlnlJ1'5LM'U

<'I

fl'5ll Ll!l-111 fl1YI1 li1[J IJ Lfl1fl111J ~H .I

, ,

u1~\Jl\Jln lJ 1'5~~L'IJ1 .j

,JVi t'llH11>11U nn'lrn _,

LlJ U'ti11'U1il'l-ltl'l 'lllHinn~ n-w11 ~::'ti1UVI 1 ~,

'11'1-1

111\[J)J'IJ t)t'fqj(\1111

•

Ill

r~lJ'!(\l qj 11! n1'5lJ1n

t'l11[J 1VI1ll1[J t'l~fli'f'5 N'IJ!N,1'tln lJ11 ~ ' ' " ... d .:_•' Ll'ID'IJDU'IJ 1[J II l!~lJlll i'flJ'Vl:l Dl-H Ull VI 'llDl~ 4 d d ~ ... I <\ t1 , 'IJD~L'IJlJL n "] VUJflltJ'l ~::il>lllflUMUN

4!:(

" ~~~

~ <f _, I ' LlJDn1'5tu mWnnlUL'IHI'U

'II

....

~LUU Yl1::UfnlJ11fn'!JflJth~flf1nm1n

LLtlU11fl1~~cDJ~WmL~C'I11~11 ~~~J~LUU 11'1!un~ LL~::Uflfl~ll11)Jfl1

t'l~LD'l '.,U1~VI(JlnlJ1'5V~.,~nliL . ~

(

~'II

llt'f1~ lllflfl1D~'IJD'l

ll'5'5lJ'51'tl1 11 n::r11::-w N

"""'

f1 D L~m~,L~ EJJfl~ n)J1~uLfi u 1., ri ~1"'J~-v::tJ~ n~ J1~L uu~JLuu~.hL~ EJYi

'l 'ttJ

LtJ~:: lflUflUfl1~~"'u

LL ~JLlJflJYI1~lJYIU1iUfl1

L~~mm"'uw mL~Yl...,1

LL~::Yli~ U 1JC'I111nUYl1

ll1nl1(\j~'tl11'\.11

ur)Lfl.J 1m£J

n~1Lfl1'i!".-4:: 1~

-'.1

-4

u 1 \11\lln lJ l'J~::\1 'UL'\J 11J lO.:IVIU l::VI'U

i~j

m;D'UltJM'UUl::mnl'l!nlJll d., .!. ~ "' "' , • L'I!LHl-lL n '1 \1 ::u~u.:~1m Lfl ~::m'lu 1

",.,,.,d "' Llll'i'U\ll1fltJlfl'Un L1t'll

<I~

~::li'U HlD~::LntJ-1

"t "

..,

L'l!l fit'IL'\JllJlVlnll LLfl-ltllVII'ltJt'll~HHl-1 , ~~· -1 d "'" l'i'U'\Jtl'U ·mlJDLfl fl'Utl'U '1 n~::rnnu' .4\ .. ~t.. ~J Lltl ·nl1Vl'UVI Vl-lu l;JIJI\llmnmn::n'l-nm 1 d &, " ' t 1, • .li " .., \lll-1f1VIfl'IJ L~tl-1'\J'U llJl~::LLn '\JLltl-lVI\111 1• 11 II"~ ~ Q Jl Ltl-lfltltltJl-1 ltl'U{)-ll'n::tJ'UVIl UJtl

Ll1'Ufltl-1li'UlJt'111~'U1HJL'\Jl~H ") ~-1LLU1'1-1

c:l , t . <I ~. L'U'UlJ WilVI-1 t'ID-1 Llll::l1'U ~lfll'illltut'l lu .I 1 tl" 11 , "' "'.I J,Ji'ltltJVl-1 1flt 1-l'Ul LL1'11L'UllJ\ll\ll1HltJ LU d

""'

r.~1vnni1Jl'i un::u1 llll'lnlJl,m11vin~:: 11

, unn~ntJ \lll.:lfll::1'\ll::nm·i,tulllfl1llJl .,,a~;"

-4

t'ln'\JtJ-1\llu

~ n'Ul'l-1

un::LlD-1l11\lll-1

'1 Vl"--l'UlJl~

"' l-1 ,

~ ~ .!, ~'ULflt'llJHi'I'U u~1tJfll11JLH'U tltJVl

J., -' "' t'l-1t'I1JlJ1\JI1'1tl~1UI'lt'ltl~fl'U

I .._ 1nu1~\ll\ll~1Jll a

I d

., Lit

LLI'lfll'll~Jn'U

L1Jl'i'U tll-

., ...

~'Hll'i'l-3\IIV'Iti'U

l 'ltlll\IJ1'UL1 " tl cl tHL)'lflLtl'U

a~n'l::,~i'I::V~1n

'111V "

nlHIVI1'11lJ t'f1lJ

n::tlnnV~nu l u

,..

<1!

1VIV l'll 'II tl'IJ tl HlllJ11

tl1;1J1111

...

U1'l\JI\JI nlJ1111 tln-ll u Y1 Hn 1-li'IJ1lJ1tN ~

.,•

LlJ M'llJU1n'Ufl1

, ,, ,

H-ltlVL lN11fl'll

tl'U <']

IH'Ut'tnl'Vll'>lfl'U)'HHlJtl-3

lftn

'l2Jtl1num1 ~·Nnu'!I1\JI 'M tlti

,..

11'!1tlVI1LllN tl" 1'l\JI\JinlJ11

~~<I

...

llJfl Ofl Oll!lJtl'UilJ fl-l

\JI'HlllJ Vlfl11lJ11

,.,

,-l1tJ'IJtll'IJ 111'>1 1 vn:: 11'111 LllN'llJU1n um ""~

...

tl1t'11ll n L'IJVi1::'Jl~ll htfl 'U'!I~'i ...

.,,

V111fl\IY1 VllJ1'l1m'i1::fl'UY11 n"'u; 1fl

" \JI1lJIVIlJ "

, Y111lJH11i11lJ11'!11 ~

•

I'm

""' "'

t'l tllJ 1

1'Jll~H.I10'U

vl;n"'utl1; \JI \JI fl1~1~1'>1n lJ 111;1

)~ 1fl1VllJ'I'l nnulJ 11r-11

, ' 1V~Vl'll L1 Yl-3 .,

n lJ 11~-l 11 n::vn nun 1nnn'l1m ~fltJ1 'flli :. ~ dd .... ., cJ " 'II \JI tl'l)~lJ'Vin fltl\IJ1'U nt'ltJI't'lflL tl'UH(\1-l

., d

n n::vn::u Ht'l 11101

Y1~1l1lJVHI~'Ufl1

•

nn::iVIfl1fl-lllJtl-l

Orbhirn-Prajit " . " P1yaporn

Originally thi

tory

With the help of the god lndra both

her tot hu band,

but the people conceive it a a local

tory i a Jataka

of them could escape from the palace

her elf a

tale of Mu ng Phim i in the province

into the fore t.

place to place until

of Nakhon Raj

ima.

It i

about a

On the way, while

Orabhim di gui ed

a man travelling from h

reach d the

they were re ling under a big tree,

city of Cbampak Nakhon.

young prince named Pr jit leaving

Prajit wa

hot to death by a hunter

in th

attracted by Orabh im'

hi home town in earch for hi mate.

who wa

The a trologer told h1m that hi mate

beauty.

the back of

till an unborn child whom he

would meet on the along

way.

the direction

He went

dvi ed by th

a trologer and came aero

a pregnant

woman ploughing the paddy field. wonderful thing eye.

The ringing

ca ted a

ppeared to h1 own un above had

He took Orabhim away on the buffalo.

To free

city wa

udden death of the dau ht r of the king.

Orabhim cured the

her panacea in the

irl

ith

arne manner a

her elf from the wicked fellow

Ora-

he had done with Praj1t and \ hen

bhlm a ked to ride behin<l h1

back

he wa back to l1fe again, her fath r

and when the hunter wa off hi own

wanted to mak Orabb i m hi

guard,

law and give h r hi thron . Orabhim

he snatched the knife from

on-in-

hi wai t and stabbed him to death.

refu ed but a k d to

ta y in the c1ty

Or bhim came back to her hu band's

a a monk tudying Buddb1 m. Lat r

hadow over that woman

body and wept in de pair. Again In-

protecting her and her unborn child

dra took pity on the couple; he and

prince patriarch of the city;

from the heat of the dayl1ght.

Prajit

a re ting hou e built for th

a ked her for the child if 1t wa

born

follower di gu1 ed them elve

he wa

promoted to th

mongoo e and a cobra fighting again teach other in front of the girl

who cam

female. He liv d with her and worked for her family.

and when one died, the other went

he had

When the child wa

verybody

in grief becau e of a

r nk

he had traveller

and pa ed by th

city.

With the h pe of eeing her hu band the wall

f the building

born female, he took care of h r until

1nto the bu h bringing a panacean

painted to depict her tory from the

she was 16, a beautiful girl named

root to cure 1t opponent to life. When

beginnmg until he had been ep r ted

Orabhim.

the god

Prajit mamed Orabh1m

and told h r parent tory.

about hi own

lie left her to hi c1ty 111

rder

to come back with an honor ry proWhile Pr jit wa

that panacea to br1ng back her hu band'

life.

They

av ay, Orabh1m

oon taken to the court of King

from her hu band.

One day Pr jit

came along and took a re t 111 thi hou e. He aw the pic t ure and cried

tarted out on the1r journey

back home again but

ce ion to take her back. wa

di appeared Orabhim u ed

till m1 fortune

with

orrow.

oon h e wa

Orabhim who wa

the monk in di -

caught up Wllh them. While eros ing

gui e.

a large nver, Orabhim wa

but did not reveal her

abducted

taken to

She recognized h r hu band

Promatat who heard of her beauty

by a no ice who paddled the canoe

once.

and de ired to make her h1

away from her hu band.

Prajit to be ordained a a monk and

However, the

king never

in taking h r hi turned hot a

queen. ucceeded

w1fe for her body

fire whenever he wa

approaching her. and followed h1

Praj1t came back wife to the palace,

making everybody knov that he wa only a brother to the girl.

the clever Ora bh im could

However, ve h r-

elf by a king the novice to climb up the fig tree to get the fruit hen he wa

on the tree,

for her; he put

the

If to him at

tay with her.

ontrary After

k d

oth \\ er

or-

dained and erving the r ligion for a certain penod

f lime, Orabh1m r -

vealed her elf to Praj1t telling h 1m

thorny twig around the trunk of the

the whole tory. They left th

tree preventing the boy to come down.

hood and went back to the1r country

He plotted

he ran away with the canoe in order

with Orabhim and finally killed the

to go back to Prajit but mi ed him

king while he was de perately drunk.

and had to go alone.

To earch for

monk-

where they were oon crowned king and queen.

tJtl

Ul1 1Vl U1 UU

finu ~ tl lJ

1.i'UU1U U 111

l~ . fl .

...~oo-â&#x20AC;¢~clo

r:in1al of a Bayon tower Khmer art of Bayon tylc Late 12 th-carly I

-4 l.h1rt1VlVl UfllUJ

Pra at at

ngk r Thorn

th cntur

Rell f figure

...

.. ..,

ra at

Lfl tJH11:: hi!Jrlf11

Head of D

n k r \i at

tJtlfllh1n1YllJ1111'Yll.lfl1111J

dha Â· 11 va at a

mall pra

t an

ngkor Th m

'1.11'1 0

I mal

deitic

'J 't'l U fl11 fl

ngkor

t-llA. t\ 11.:: U L(} IHIA.tta llo::t.UI9 ~Hl19t.rt l ~ ~ t ~ llllolf.rlt.ll1lA.Uf.1111ttl p ~ ~

rl!

I'll

o-1p • 'U'M,

a~;

a I~rliHf.H f.Ht-a rtllA. lla11tA.::.r.rt t-I;::IW ,. ~ "' ,..1 ,.

c.o ::IJ11 -1 191 rt1

~ 111 L1

lA.ttrtf.tlllloL~1::.r.M.I1Ut-al9tllU1 '!''",.'"~

::~ttartH1191;t-a::.r.t.i.

,. ~ ttrt.r.t.r.lA.ttG ..

l ~ 1::.r. tAG I;Lrt Gltl lt t-G rtGII.lllo Lt. ::.r. t.i. p ~

,.~

't''"

"'"

....

,..

lo,.

llt~l;t-G::.r.~t

~ p

1'1'~

'""

,..

t\I11L tG\lt- Jl.

:l,.

t\lllllolf.HIW M.llot\111 rtLJ

ptl~.....

t\11rlUltlA.It\1nGt-ltlt-JI. i;t-UtUrtlnattLJ ,. lol ~ '!" p $> ... I Lt. ::.r.t.tt-Gfl. M ttl Gllolf. t-G II.

-RI9::.r.n ....

~~ lllo ~

,."

t1.U11llolf.tlA.1lllA.Urtlll) 191 rl1 Qll)llolf.tlA.Tllt.4. I

tC .. , "'"'

'-' ,.

,..._.

( nL~~oc-a rta .r.HtL .1.1c-a tt

f.ltl.U t\l19HlA.lll.lt-all.l.l UJJ::I.l11

llUtu1 tUTUrtHL.r.t.4.1l111Grt::l.l11 tlll91 1.tt-G P'" .... P "" l>P ::.r.M.t-rlt.4.11tl1119f.f. Mf.U l\::.r.t.4.rtH1Gt.1.1::U 11 r 1 1>1

":""\!'

GltlUGltllo G ll)tt n.t-GII) rt1 lli.M rtU .r.u lHTULG I

....

t\l

~Ill~~~

'"~P

....

ttu 1Urttt~un.m11

•

ll)f.i.tf.l1f.lA.t\H 1rtt-G rtTt-G.r.Ltr l\19.1.11

'I"

( JO>f8UV) .r.~.ttt::.r.t.4.t-Grt1fllt1f.l111lf.

IA.t-an.a tt~~ TUlA.t-LlA.

t-ll)t- Jl.

U t\ tl UL& t- UH ::~ 11

Ultlttt::ll) rllf.LI1::t JJ

t-GII.U ltl ttt::ltlUlA.t-llA. OG t-ltll\LGt- Jl. ::.r. n.r.lA. ,. ,. 1 ~ '!" I' t\f.TrtG t-Grt1t-L.r..U r 1~ ~.1.1 1~~ t-l\l.tt-G::.r.t.4.t\ t\ "' ~ .. p ~"' .. p ~ Ull\QII) ILt.rtll.IJ1t-Grtlt-an.attH 1t-rlUIUGG I"

•

... •

...

•

t\IUl\11 ,.

~I'

•

\1.

I'"

..._

ltlHf.lrlii.Ltt\111tt lllolllUt

"',_

I""~"P,.

...

UlA.t-llA.rlGt-~t-l;::.r.ntlA.ttat-Grtl •

,..

~1Ult\Ll\

t1 f.lp

,..

tltlt\l11rl1 11~Ulll\LGG.r.H Ltt::l.!ttl\1::1.111UI1 ,. pl ... ,. • :l ::l.!ttl\1f.Ul\L TU LGt\ 111 UGGUrl 11 Ultl11 rtG II.

lA.rtrt.r.trlllol~T::.r.MlA.f.LULrtGII)t-l.lH

t-am.r.r.u,.~LTULGII.lf.rllrlfl.f.l U

f:>

tl~

-ttt::II)UlA.HlA.tiM'tH!lU l'• tL.r. ,. ....

t\ l rltl.lGf.t\L 11 ~HI1Ut- f.ltlt-lbrlUL.r.IUHt-Grtl "' I /II ,. '!"'" ~ • lA.rlGI1lA.::.r. rtLrt nlllllolf. Ill rl t- f. lA. ~~ l.tt-G::.r.M t\t\UL~I:'I.!Il ~ ,.

-U1 t U fllfti~L.r. f.4.11.r. HlA. ~~I; t-G::.r.t.1. t\t-Grt1 L1 "';P ,. " p tc • TU t\11l\l\11t\ l rtl ~N.U Ut-Grtl t-GIIoUGGttt::ll) ,.

...

~~~

H1 ::~GMT ttll., llolf.tlA.1lllA.I.l t-Lf.JJllt.4.11GU "" \1' .. ' ~ ,. " " .. ~ -::.r. r l rt ::1.111lA.I1 t\ ~~ouLl\ l rt ~~ llll ij (j)ft rtlA.t 1 .. " p t\ llblllotll 11.1 MrtllA.Ilfllt HfllrtHL tM t\ tt::fllll. ~~~

.....

, ,.

PP na

t1.19lA.t1.LlA.lloL.r. ::.r.t.4.11f. ~1 tLU Nlt-L Gt-lA.

~ "

...

Ill

11au::.r.ru.r.L rtL .u t-GII.U U)

UUlfllR~

L ttl! 11 rtr.~~o::u.mJJa rt1rtLtt::tt.i. rtt- .r.tA.::~.t 11 111p 'll't I>

o-1p• -c.opc.oe 'U'M 11)11t-ltlrt1 Qll)fllllf.IHH ... ~ ~ ,. ._. c-art1lA.IlGI1lA.::.r.nc-~;~;c-a::.r.t.i. c.o lA.rtrt.r.t ~'!"I,. I' p '!"'" rl llol ~ T::.r.t.i.L trtl tt::tt.i.ltllllLUGII)rlllolf.t-Gf.i; ~ lA.ttrtf.tlllloL~1::.r.t.t ,.~

Uf.GllloltrtHlA. "'

L tlloriiJU::u ~ NAIJM.lllA.al1.r. r·._. 11rtL~riUUUL 1'"'._. :~ ... ._.,. .r. I; rt:: t Mt-G rt 1ll rt JJ n IJ U ::~.t 111. i; tt:: .r. M.

~ l~

c-a rt1 t-L f.l.l rt aun rturta n.ru uc- L w.::.r. altlt H trlU 1tH t\ 1\1 l.tt-G::.r.t.i.t-Gfl.IJL U II. f. M.l M.IJ 1 U lt'" t:>P ,. nrturta~~or~.tu t1.111r11 rtrt~~o::tMrtJJlA.rta~~o ,. ... ~ I' ~p 'll' ~ t\19t\t111L ~ 1::.r.tA 1911 rtl t\ ::.r.t.i. rlltlH LU t-G II.

nat

u.r.11t-L ltlttl11 .r.tUrt1.r. rtL tt 1.111 rtrtll. I '" f:> I ~ p "' -::u.m JJGrt1rtL rt::.r.t.1.11.r.t-.r.lA.~' 11 'll' \1' ,. ~~~ ~ I c.opc.oe 'U'M, 11.1 flU rllloU.Nl.r.i;HlA.UL~t-l.lU

ltHf.llt-GrtllA.rtt\llo::tMM.JJ ~ lA.t1.rtf.trlllol~1 ,. II- l'P 'll' ~ ,. ,. ~ ::.r.t.i. llt~Lrtt-l.!lloL.r.tlA.1~19.UTibllo1~1 ::IJ11UG ~ p ~~~~ '" rliHf.H mt- Grt1 t-rll1lA.::tnLrtt-IUlUU ~~ .1.11 ,. ... "" ,. ,. ,.. ,. p ~1 UlJt-G::.r.t.i.t\ttUL~t-I.Hl

~ .... p Ul~

rtt.r. t\l.llUIIo f.t-lltt~r ~ t\ n.L U1 Hl t\ltlt-Gfl. •• 1t '"'"·"I~. R.r.l1 t.U.r.l1t-ll t-l G ~~ Ul.lUJJ llll.liWGfl.l.lU.Ll ::u 11 lbl.tL.UlA. TUf.l U ~ll1t1.111l tf1.UG ll191 • ,. o 't' p "' f:> I ,. ~~~ L1 rtiJ 1 u rtttt.u n.1a ttH 1 11lA.::.r. n nl tt n.~ ~JJ 1 ~1 ""'

rl,.rt~t\ l

l.. rlG 111\lllii.L.r.

1\ l II)H 1l.U ::L.r.M1t\l11t-i;U

f:io

.r.u 1\LfllLCla ft 11'1. 1 Ltllo::L U1t-rlllQn 1 M.nt.i.G ~1 ,. t lo ,., I'll! "" MG ~ lA.t1.rtf.tlllloll\1::.r.M.t-Gfl.UI:'tallo1lt l''" '"" P.tc 1

t\l.~R tttt JJJ.1~1lb1 rlf.L~l.r.ltlULU ::t rlf.lA.ttG ~ ,. p

t-G rt1lA. rlllol.r. t-Gf.i;L rtGM 1 ltli.Ull\lrt111.1U ll- '!"P t • '" l\ 19JJ 119~ l.tt-G::.r.t.4.l tlJULt r f. 11ft ~L.r.r p I I" "' II

rllllt-f.lA. ~ lA.T1.rtf.trlllol~1::.r.t.1.lA.f.LU NtH " 't''" '"" ,.. 'I" GltlUG lllolf. ::.r. M ~11 llltlli1Grt ~~ ::1.1 11f.tUG -::.r.t.t UL ~ L rt 111. ~t 11 Ml1aU ::.r. r 11 TUrtHL.r. M ,. " .... "p .. Ltt\UGII.Tt\l.tt-UtU UIJlt-an.t-LUUilt\U I ,. t ltP .. ... p

19Wt-l\ UtA.1::.r.rlblb.r.aau1L atA.m.ttt ~;::1.1 n

,. ,.

. ,.

0,.

ct• lA.Rf.f.tii)UlllA.~4.ttlt1.11oUtll\t-lb rt!I.UGU ,.. .. " .. 'I" ... -u~uu.r.L~ttlnalluL.r.rrc (c.opc.o ~ -Jl;oc.o• ..

~ lA.t1.rtf.tllllol&1::tMt-GIIotl.r.t-G.r.1

·y·M.)

'""

~,.

.,.

O~lfll~U@ (.t-OO~czt

·~·M. Qfl1M. flM.~t-Jb

D~1Jb1

Ji'P '>.,..~ p .IM.@OOt l l\ltl!ll!l~t-@fl, (a!sauopul ,p la au!4:>opu1 ,p sas!n<>PU!H Slel3 sa1) OfulM.~l'\G::lUlfl" p p f-- ... b I ;:Q 11M.~~!f1.G fl~" UJ1.1 O~lt1.@l!U!lltGI1t~ttA.lUtl::t(lt-Bt lG l!t-M.~UJll\lfl@OM.rl~l ttt-@tlflltYltll J;> b " i> b b b t<> (5 ~~ Ji' lr "' I I (5 ~"' ~

.,. 11 .. • ll -4 ... ... ... 'l'::'\.1 u vmnn'U~'IJ'\.1 1-nvnnr11

.,IPI

~.-.,

l'H'Utl'UM'J'1~'1!1'U 'll~lHJ~U'U'\.1~'\.II'IJ'U LU ,

'HlJ~utn

m~ fl1 nu1 utntH l~ l u nl'J' ~a Ul ::mu

, ~ 1tJ

cl , d LL t'I::IU 'Ur.lt!l'Hl'l'J'::n~ 1 'IJDlJ()~f1

...

tl'U"'J'Vll-ln'J'::Yl1\ll1lJtltJ H~tllJ1 'UnltJ'HM l

1~'VlH n'~~ U'J'1n 1'Vl

vu:t • .-ctl.ll.l

vn::

~ -4

.:1

.I "' Lf1'li~IU'Uu'J'1t'f1'VlDJ b

.I "' ul:: ~ ~

'HtN

. .

J1'UI 'V11 'J' uvn::Vfl1'J' LL a::vn::mn '

...

vYifl

fl11tJLL ~ Yl'J' ::U ~1lJ 1'J'YI1'1Jtl'll~'J'::tl~f1

l'i'J'::-

~ vvmu n :: vvn'Vl1~~ 1'\.ll~ l::lJ1'J'YI1

"' ol

~tJ1'J'lJ'U'Vl I.,

.,.

LLtl::lJI H'fl

I YllJ~ tl11U 'J'IlJ fl1'J' ,

•• .o4

'nl::1 ~ 1~tJ17lJli'Vl

..'

vn::1 ~ 1 .I t I& u'J'1t'f1'VlLL'H'I'U

1.!

"' cl () '\.1 L1J 'Ul'n :: '\.1 1lJ '\)()~ -4 .. d ,

LlJ()t1'U'I'i'J'::~'UlJLLt'l1

"'u von l u Ull1tu ... Vi'U'Vl '-' "'"'n-

"~ v v m.:~'Vl fl 111:: 1

... l"

...

LHt'ltJlJ l l1t\!'V11'1'Vlfl \ll'Utl~'fi'J'::tl'U'Vl 'J'~Q 1n:: "' cl ... "' fl'U V1~ lf1tJIU 'UU'J' 11tuYn::'J'1~1~'1Jtl'll'i 1::!11

' '

...

Lt11~tJ1'J'lJli'Vl I., lJ1LL~fitl'U

, ~ r. "' f1 'Ul'iUlJ'Vl~m~1'fl unnq111

l 'i .fl. •«~.!«

un:m~1'1JVlJ

, ...

•

flt'11~11fi'Vl

"' d l1 ,

l'l'J'::I~1V'U'Vl11llJ'Un L~

,, ...

'VlH t'1 'J'1~1'Vl11t'ltJ'IJ'U1Vl Ht\jYI1tJflt'I1'1J'U

cl ' <i ... .. ~ d IU'ULLlNII'J'fi ll'iVUl :: ~~~1'U'J'1~fl1Mf1 ... -\ cl v ·u 'Vll 'J'fl1l 'li ~IU u nu c.~ n lJ Yi'J':: 'U1lJ'UV'I ...

'nl ::Vfl1ll 'IJ 1fi1J l'l'J':: 'U 1lJ 'Utl~ 'n 'J'::tl'lf1 LV~ "'

)\<II

...

I'Vl11t'ltJII1N'Uf1VUl1'fi1'VlU1nV'I'Vl1'1'Vlfl Ill

'Uv~u,1 n 1'Vlvn:: 1f1l uu~~t~"'u

,"'~mn

. . d,, '

, ... "' • cl "' • 'Utl~'l'l'J' :: I ~ 1tl 'U 'Vll1'J'lJ U ~ ~:: IUU 1 ~ nlfi'Vl

v 1u 1~'UV~'n'J'::V~f1 Yl m ·n "r.'~LL~ 1~v~ 1~~ nu ou u 1nuJJ 1L'U~~u '1 u tuo ~ v11n v lJH1 ~u:: ~ vm~ 'Vlfl~:: 1 u 111n n 'IU11Uf11U

•

' ,.

..,

...

-.1

"' ~ "' "' <I LtltJ~Il!'Utl'IJM~~'H1~VUtll1~D1'U

tL1""

•

tu 'Vl

•

'\.I '\.I L ~ f1'U'I'i1J~1lni'UY!'Vl1lfl1t1'U1hl \,.fl.

, """

' ...

• «llld nt'l11fl'll'l'J':;'U 1lJYi'J'::I~ 1tl'U'Vll1UJU ' • "' d ' ~

11fi1ti~'Vl'J'~f1ltl'll1~tJ()tJ (l1tJti::IVtJ~l'U

11, n 1, 1ltn

tJ,~ Lfl et u ~ .:~ un1 vu ' l'i Vi fl

' (BEFE ) lt'llJ'Vl 1111.!

., .

'HU1

ben)

,·

'U'f!lJtJU

fjJ ~ """ ' ., .. 1 .... fl1tu1~ n l'UVlJf1~lJ m ,~~Ill vnuul::l 'Vlfl~'\.1

d..

'ilJU1 un :: ~11~1tJ vn::v~f1nuvn::~ulJ

ee~~cl o-edoo

hnu

half of

hm r he

rt of

ulcn

nlur

.0.

le .

"ir

l'l. fl. ecf:l. cf:

Bakong

hmer

an or Prah Ko tyl . I A .D .

.......

. . ... w

...?..

. . . . . .v •

~ tt 1 \.6" ~" •:

" . ., .......

. , \11 l 1\1

... I .f ... 1 '.

w f'IW'

•

II H\.1 H -lllJ tl-l Yi 1:: 'U fl 1 II n:: Yt 1:: tlfl Hltl 'H

Plan or the town or Angkor, nd Angkor Thom

, tl ., nmJV11U 1H'I1ml,! d. lie ~'Uumn·HI'l':: "' <l ... <! tl UilHl{}lO:: 'll~l·n::11'1llJVI1'1JlNH1::U~fl

L lu1V~ili'IJVI'IJU I

U1::VI~l1lHl111UUVIfl ~

~·

011u llVIln:: 'Ill In 'llliH u n::uu muun 'IJU~

.oij

..,i.,

.,"

li1::U~fl

fltlLVI1111UVIL1UOnll 'UlJ\Hlllll -oi .jj • 11U11i'!1VI1mnu ('li~DHILliUWJ1~10 I

11"

..:. oil

d~<t

..,

...

... "'

U1::VI}J,!1'Ul1'1lff1ll~fl(J fl-.1

<!d.,,

hi'Utu::LVIU10'Ut'i1::U~fl0 LVIVIH

tiL 1fl11 tl

r! 11~flll 'U\JlVI\JlUOll1 1'1l1l1U LOl t\

...

LL n::VI1 ~

...

'IJG\1'11 ::'Ul1VI1~VIfllll::1'UD!l0 L\IU~L H'U!l

'IJU~LlJD~l'il::'Ufll •

oil

fl!lrll::U 1fl11l\Jl{)10::

...

fl~

...

-.1

Lll'U 1 1'1l 1!1'U 'IJ!l~'IJ !llJ UU ~ 'U l'lVIl!f'l \Jl,._

....

...

LLtl::

tl,-::LVIflm1mfl i~m~nflm~ n ~i

ll tl~u; ~ .,.,., ~ liL'IJ\Jl~~ll11>l~11VIll1 LLtl:: "' ;.."" ... , ~11 Oflll H'l 1:: VI LlJ U ~ 61 L\JlU 'U VIH VI ffil'l

"'' ~11mm::L'UUI>l ..

uvn~ 1nu

'1 uu~ iV~fl'Ul'lll 'll nn

<!...

i 'UL'IJ\Jl

'lltl~l·n::u~flVII.h1n 1VIl'i'UlJ1 u ., ., -.1 , ~~mVIufln1'1lnJJ11>l1U

"' ~110'\Jtl~l'n::-

<! Jl

l1'1l'U l>lVI 1'1J!l~l'l1::!l~flfll))'i 1 ::L ~ 111 L'll'UVIl ., '1 "

I, ,

., ...

..,,

LVILLH tl nn~:mm::VI~G~

Vl1iVIu

~ un::tll::LVIf'I~U

tlnft1YIYIU1J\J1U~~

tl1tu1L'IJ\Jl'IJD~l'l1::L~1 ~"'

11lJ'U Ll>l0ll1111

tl1::LV1f'll'iJ1

L1\ltul'i-

,.,,,

LlJDL' 1

fl1, llll'il1ltlJci n"'VIn if'l1ll mu

. "~l, LL n::l'lYl TJfl1t'I'U 1 'IJ'UlJ\.IH~ ii'I'IJD~

"' ... "

u ff11lJ'UVI

•

...

ll'UL'UWn::1m1 un::ln::nY1Llf'I11'1J'UVI "'tl.... .,., ... ff1 1::flUU'UL'IJ1l'i'UlJt'I'UVIO LlJ!l~U1ff'lll .... , .,., , , tl0 1::mn::L~1U1f'l1llJ'UVI Q VIHn11~LI>l

U~ LVIY1l~t'lllolfllt'I'UI'IG1'UVI~VIHVI1'U

" 'U OlU

-.1

U11 ~ n hLlJ\Jll 011~ llldoo LlJ\Jll

.,..,,

...

l'i'UVI01 1~ 'IJ1 1~ U 10fl D~ 11 0VIli1U G1lJ i 'U

UHlll-B ll'U'Il'Ut'11 H'IJ 'U'IJ1 ~ll'ULll'U~ VI

flliUO'tll~

LY111ntJ'IJV~l'll::f'I'Ulff1l (Yn::vff11) 'll'U

( ngkor) lJl'IJ1~1'UlJ\J1LLfl~'ll~lJLVI11M c;J

111\IVI l.,o il>lfl 'Ul'ill~ 11 O'IJD .:l'rn::v~flll'U

li1D llJD~lTl::llfll

<!.

.,, ...

'Ul'llOlli'U VILllJlJnlln1H

l!1ll'l111U) \JlUlJ1 VIVI1~U1U11'1l'!l1lHJlUU

'\'lllHl~U 1fln-,h::

i .,

lll , t'll::'UVI1U

n1tu1

"'m~"'JJtl1

~ i ~fl111Ul::LY1f'I~'U 'UVI'U o

tf\J1U~~ OtiH~Yl11fllll111ll;

fftnJ'II01Jft1J..

Phnom Bakeng

rly JO th century A.D.

e&:

"' ..!.

l'l1::1~1'!1tJ1'JlJ\I'Vl

i,~'VlHt'I'JN ,

L'V111au"u1~ LHOJHn1tJLLlt~\IU'V1Ln1::11m "'

..C

(Lm::IL H~LntJlfltJfT) Q

.!, o

d ..

.lj

1Ylfl1f)~11J ,

11'11fl 1n~fl flll11L Ufl11 ~

'Vlt'l 1flOJ'Vlt'l~nflf) I

flUilJU'!I'U\IUl~LriOJ ~ '!IU ... "'

,.,

11 a:: ~nwn::u 11J111J11Jfl llJ'Vl <f lit\ J I

Lf)1t'l\lfl~Vll::fl~fl,~\IUf11f)-l11'!1tJIJif.)'VJ1~ "' ~

!II

l'l1::UllJ11l11::L~lH'l1~11lJU'Vl

<f I ..C fllf)~'ll'!ltJfJtJL'ntJ~

~IC.

-o4j

1.. t

1..- en lJL'VllUU

ILilln ,~~~"'

~'llJ ~

dt11

l1 'l::U llJilJ flt'l 'Ul'il::'!IUlJ IL i'l111l1'lH1J 1an ,..;. GI • II ~ 'V1 f1 1 f)~ 'l1'!1tJIJI f)lJ 1fl f)'l'i 'l ::L '11111 I '!IU""'

'V1111lJU

•

. I

L1Jf)tJ~m~Yil::ltJ11f)tJ

fl'l::O~fl

... "'<I

II.

•

'V1111lJu r-~n u I'!HJ n1v n~ lJ111~ vn:: 1 1'!11

'V1 d. 'V11 .:jLi'fni'flJlt"'OlJW~JllflU\If)~yn::" "' ~ d ~ L'llltJLfT11lJU'Vl II f)~flHU~'V11~l'n::UllJ I "' ol dJ\ <f'l 1l'!ltJI'V11 l'll::O~flt'IUl~l::'!IUlJ U fl.fl. 11ci.dci.

...

-oi tl "' .4 II<! H'U ~\IO~Y11::1 ~ 1v Lfl11lJ'U'Vl 11 r-~m·n::u 1u ' ... , v., 11lJLlt'U'V111 'V11 u 1~ ,~m n nlJ ·mn UlJ 1Hu-

l'il::l ~ 1'!1tJ1 11J U

m~ 1uu 1o 1n \IM l'n:: \lu~_! nfll~ omNfl

•

\lfllJt'llJtJn oun11~ llJ o~rn::ufl1 vn::o~fl q

, II

I~ .jj

un 1'!11!1'U na lJlJ 1fJtJ'Vl UJ o.w 1fln1 .,~ ,.,,._" ., tl1::~~ ~~ lJ 11 n:: i~o OJ I'll OJ 1m 11'!1 nau lJ 1 ~ 'V11 ~v

, "' c4 , fl'l::L ~ 111 L'!I'U'V1111lJ 'UfJn I lJ'UNI 1lJ

~1tJ

t'11NU11t'11'Vll~lJ1u01nlfT d,~

11a::'ll1 H.fl.

~·

11ci.tl~ n ~m~n1NU11t'I1'V111lJUOJ?l::1u

oon\1 u mn~ n1:: vLfl nHilJ1 n::'Vll'i 1::1 ~ 1

"'~1 ~"1tl 1~ 'l H\1~\I'U tl ' "' I tJ ~lfl11lJ'U fll L~111tltl11ll~

-~,

...

l~ 1 U1~ Ll!U1:: ~~fl'U L'V111U 't'l1::f)fl11

ott

fl 'l::f) lJ 10 'Vlfl fl1 1tJ LL~ l'll:: '!I'U n '!I'U 'U \1 f)~ • d •

l'n::tJ ~fll1 a:: L'V111 til~ 1:: u 111tJflll1 a:: l'l1:: .. .!. t rnHJJ 'lut111t'I1'Vl d. Ha"'~'Vll~lJf1'U'!Iuuu <! • "' tl ~ 11n::t111t'11'Vlfl.:jfl nn 1~n 1H11J 1::~~ flU ~ .. d tl<ljt 'l 11'!1fl1Mfl11L'!I'U'Vll 1fl1~ 10 llJIJif)lJl 'U

~~~oci.

fl.fl.

1tl,~'l~'Vl,~n;,~tl,,n,'Vl

.. "

c4 11 U'l 1U1J'Uf1U LlJU 'II U\IU 'Vll~ 'Vlfl Llll "f)~

n1::v Lfl1111lllJ 1n:a flO tl1::~~ f 1u 1 1'!1fl1,. d "' 'l U tl 11t'11'Vll!M "' Mfl11L'!IU'V11ll'V1L1fl11

• "' tl "' "' ~ naN n1mu 11t'11'VlfJn d. '1-tei~'VllJIJ!lU

•

'!IU1Jlmtl1::~ ~f1'Ufl1n~flu 1lJ 111'11u m~

11LlJfl11 I'V111U'm::U1'JltJUI v

•

11ll::rn::tJJJ llllllJa 1~ u

H1::flfl11 .,~

11 a::u ~lJ tl11 n n1

"'"'dt

tJO d liMLVIfJU'l::~~f1UfT1Mfl'V1~11Ul ~ \lfl~Yn::tJfl11fl n lJfT1t'l Ut'lfl1Uf)nllt'lltJ

11H .:j'VJt'f1N'IJliLU1'!101ll\lfJ~l'n::Mfl i'ITU Ill , c4 , <! LHOJ r-~ n1 N Luu" 1, 1'!1 01111 n:: l'n1lllJ fll

"'•.,

L Ul 1'!1t'l 1U n

'Uf)O~lnL 'V111atJI1a 1ntJ-llJ

"' ... , 'n'Vll!t'lfi1U 'l 'Ull'V111lJll1tJ1U~1tJ 111 'Rfl. •

dll

ed.tl~

fll::fl-lfl i~'Vll .:!'VI H'l ~fl1 llJn lJfJ 1flll

d"'

"' "' tl 11Li'l::no~'V1Vi\I01JntJ~Lm1 "' tl 'VlfJ~ ~m\llJ • tl ~ ~. "' ~, fln1n llt'11'Vlll'iUfll'V1LlJfl~OJ11l1HlJ11~ 'l u Ui'l1tJ -,"''II mn" o~ vn:: v~~ ~ o u l'l.fT. d "' " «:1 "' ~~~~~o Yn 1HlJflltl'!IOJ111H::r-IL lJU'U ~~1\lfJ~

~1.. ,

fl1::1'111H,~1'l1JU'Vl • "'

~t'11Nil111ntJ

•

<II

fll l11'UlJ I'Hfl11\IU'Vl LlJ o ~fJfT11U1:: fl fJ <I " , lJu11t'11Yln1::1lJ .I .. 'Yi1::lJ111VOIY1Hfn,.., n1'Yit'lnnmv 'Yi.fl. ectbct I

hnu on

aruda

ldC Pra at Kra,an 921

..c.,Gj

--~

U11i'I1'VllJ'U'VlltJt'11f)UilJUL'V111M'Vl~llJ'Vl

I ~ 'l UlJ,~1L'V111ntJ\If)lJ "' .D . t"'~ILH-lHU~

vn::-

""'

'"'

l'lln1CI'\ltl-lVl'l::L 1tl'UYl'l1'llJlHI'Ufl-l ,.,

_,.j.

Vi'l::L~ l'IIU1'llJ 'UVl

d. lJ 'l::U::L1CI1n11 •oo

....,

., 11 ,

.,j

.j. .,

LLCI::tl1 li1J LVI1111JU,::U::Vl1Wlllll'l'llJ

'\ltllJ I ~'lty'i'f-lt'f VJ{)U 'l::U::l1'U -l

-4

II~O'U llt'IU

" "' .,, v1~ m11J'\ltl , fl11l1 ,VIllll , r. ~ 1u Vl"' ~ ,.,"' n VlL ~

.j.

t'I1'U L11tyLnU1n1Jl'l'l::l1'111'\ltllJ

, I

'\l'U lll-l

I,,

'-t

~ L11ty 11 n::m'ln vn'l H VlHVIl'U fl1t'fli1Lt'ftl "..t.t~, t<lll11 d., 11J'Ul'lU VI1Uil1\Jlllll -l LlJ{)l~ll ll!Ut'f-lfllJ ., " '~" un::1Wlllll'l'llJ'\ltllJVU HVl1mli1VI Vi,::

'l1'111'\ltllJVl 'l-lLU tHJtl~'\ltl-ln ,., d

.:j

, .,

unfl ,tl-lVln •

Vl'l::tJ-lflVll-lt1Jll~ln'el1 nJJmJ1U

tltll-l

, . , ...

nn::~~VInt~m·nn'tl1flVIflun~mu

.I., d

LUU~tl unlJnfl1t'lll1

Vl'l-l

Vl::u 1J1Hfl1t'I'U'W" ... ~ " "' , ., nmu U'l::nvmi!iVl1-lfl1'i'I'U1 ~tl'i'lfl\Jll

. .. , 'lfi'el1fl11lJ'i'l-l1Jn1tJL'UVI1Unl'l .,

n1uuvn "

•

UHl O\J'1 fHI1J'IJOIHilJUI01::Un' '11 l'l.fl. e«<lo-e<loo Dan cr Khmer art of Koh Kcr tylc hr t half of the 10th century

., ., ,.. ' ... 1J-lfl1JL11Vlfifl'UtltlLUl::1J1J1ll~::l1ltl -o4

•

{) 1'11 Vl'\ltl-l~t4

~lJ Vl 'l 11J11l'l ,::tl-lfl Vl'l-l

poJ>• 'lj't.t

fHLfl111l,.tt~MG~flU~

196 dn'M :>Jd

fl t t(\11lALUL.t(\

M.rtt tn.tUltrtlM.I:-.tlA.I:-M.I.Wt-GUGnLA.L ~Ht ..

~:-nu .. p

tiW • "

rtGn.U.tL~

q•

yl',l>

,.,..

lA.ttrt.ttn~lA.ntA.GL~1::.tM.UL~ ,.

ntUGt\GYYI:'Q Y?P

1· ,

.. lO

~ ..

1:-Ull(.L.t::.tMt-UtlU.U~1

•

lA.R.t.tt~UlllA.MI:-LU.Utll

nartt:-Y '

,.p

MTURt 1 lllA.U~11 ~~,.,

lllHl. TUrtl-1. L.tHL M..ULU GY U M.lrt ~~'"'tc

n..... ?

"/"

t:-nUlt\JllUJllA.t.~::IJ.11nlu tl

nL U tltU1 ...

flG.tn~l

lLU.UtA.::n::.tttltl f\L M.ULUfl.tHL .U ,

tl ll.f\lflrtlli:'L .tU.tlU rtt:-G~U

""I"

ti.111M.LU .U

"'""'

-M.J.lLUI:-L.tU.tlU rtGft1L tblH1::UM 1 nt~ " " • ,.. \» I ' II mtnrtu rt~ GHl L un 11:-ltlA.tl~M.M t:-.t[1fl.tn p ~ I I' I,. ... lil .. I'

.t L U M.l L (1 Gt\ fl1 Q tA 1tl 11.1:-l.tU.tLU fl.t ~t

.... ,

"'"

UM.LUil1M.lllUM.JJLU~U.t1 t:-LnG 1:-Grt1tlt.~ Pll I ... p "' I 11> ll LIU llM. fl 11:-lb tll U IJ M.IJL UM.lULlA.I:-Gil.Ql(. •

r--

'1-

1:-UtUW~1 Utl~ "'

llo

""'

UlrtM.tM.L~f\fllM.Il.I:-L.tl.l ,

r->

1:-lb t\Lll.U t\ULU t' .t Lfl tt::lA. fl.tHL IJL rtlAoTUU 1 '10 .. 0 p

Ullt'G~I:-YUM.UtU.~11 II

P)t

nU1.tt::GtL.tt:-G.t1

(1 L .t lA. rt I fllA.11L.t 1M. M. ttl fltl A. ::11 11l M. tll(.

1:-Qil.~t~fl.tHLU ~..

flnfl1::.trtlA.I:-Q.tYU[1.tLU

,..

,.. , .

rtlttlll1Hli:-~U111:-lb ~H~t:-tll-1.11l~rtl~ I> I ,P /1 " 'I" I I o 1:-l M.M.Il.GlloUUHll lA.U .tl~ U.tl~lblfl.tHLI.l It' .. ""

M. Urtn M.lA.M.fll ~UUIJM.IJLRL ll 1:-G 1M. M.rtGn. .. ~,. p .. 1 l R L ll t\ fl1 rt l t\ rt Ut:-.t Y 1:-Lfl TUrtH LtM ::1111 p U M.ULrtM.Ut-L l.llUI.Il11 ft1

"'"',

nL tll ~11:-lA.::L.tt.ll "~

1:-YUI.Il11

_..

_.I

Ill\

L ~rt.t.t!lM.l(.Ll(.::t f1G M.ll1 nGUia U.U 11>

~~Ut:-tA.L.t::.tt.m lnLM.L ~111U

t:-GJJt-lA.::U-11 ~

•

JJ.trtl.l~LQ TUrtHL.tt.~ll.UI.l .tl.llUI:-LlA.L rtt:-1.1 p • ,.. nL JJ Ql(.1 fll.ll:-lb ltlrtl-1. U t.UtuJHGil.M. fl1 nL M. lil ... ,.. p "' L ~ 1t:-Gn.nn~LG::.tt.t::U.11 M.ttlA.1 !l.lA.U.llM " p ....... ~ flGU::.tn.tLU l.llH.tl~l(.L.tt:-Gil.lA.LM.H fuHl

I' UL~~U.ttt-LnG I>P

lO~~·

t,.

,cilt

~,."

"'"'

'U'M 1:-ltl-l.::.t lrtt:-U

~P~•

"tl

1- _.

m nl(.L.tt:-G.tY p

'!-

...

UU.H '-! ..

UQYt-G::.tt.~I:-Gil.U.tl~rtt-nU "'"

'U ' t.1, np1.111

pp~r~~

p ...

...

~P~•

li'

nI>Y11.1Ul rut l.tfl ::U111:-Il.ll f\rt11 NH\fl .. I ". ~

"' "

....

li'

,..

..... ,

'"..

tlL!I.A.L.tHU.UnttU I:-Grt1Y::U.111:-Grt1t'f.~ 11LU ,.. • p • .. • 0 U 11 ~~ .tlA.rtJJLHrt::U.11ll1.1llnt~[l1 flQ.t iC lo

OJ:ao

1(. L .t :: .t tA tll nL M. L ~ 1t' Qn. U 11 " l(.Lt

-tlA.1t:-Gn. nl.llllU 1:- U !A.M. (11 ::u 11 trt1 ::.tM. Ll1.1 p ~ ~,. JP M.GrtU1 fln.t[111:-lb M.A. t\fll M.Ll M.fl ULtlA.1 rt

l.t l lA.t:-~ l(.l.t rt.t.tll .tU .t Yf\ Ul~ l rt t\tl. ~ ~U 1 ,. .. ... Ill "' ::U.11rlli.HtLRlllt\fl1Ltll.lft1) .t~.UI:-llA. I!' I I I lo f> lrtt:-U.nl UG l(.H\J.lHlA. LtrtLWnLrtHMQ U lil II> I p t\t~U LWt:-G::.tt.tt:-Gil.t-t\U11l~::U.11 rtGn. "o"ap .1 o .tU &1. TUL Q 1:-Qil.UGGM. t::~ ij lA.HL4.M.Il.~LM.l Grt ~

~.tLUM.lPGUI.Il.tU..~LTULQt'Q.tl.Uf1.tLU

... .. p

' U"t.t r\lftllN.UUI:-Grt1 0

flU t'

.tfll rtU I:-Grt1lA. flMf\YI:-IbU.tl~f\ lrlG0UL.t[1 p II> "/" .. ... .. I rt Yt:-G::.ttl.t:-Gil.rtl n::.tt.~ (f\ U~ll ll.lnY 1 .-p

...

M.Ut-nY11.1UlTUt1.tflM.l _.

M. t .1.1 M. (11 U 1:- t P,.P ..

'U'M, tl.tf\l.tYf\

-::.t t.~ t- a rt1lA. nl(.L.t 1:-G.tt.mn.~ ~1.11 ~L ::~t-Y II> "/"P ~ "' " nutULrtt-L nanrt.t t.t tnl(.L ~ 1::.t MJW

::~a 11

~:- ~m.t.tLULlA.t- .t lA.~, ::~t:-Yn rt.t tn.tianLI(.L ~ 1 o~~•-PP~•

·u·t.~ ~11t-~.ttm::.tt.UGrt1 II> I

M. n. ~ 19 .1.1 11~\ L tHlU 11 U YI:-G ::.tt.UQil. U .tl~ :: 1.111 M.rt .tt .t tnl(.L t rtlll ::.tt.~ 1:-.tlA. 1:- tlll YI:-Q UQLI(.L.t::.tt.Vt0UL.t[1U PP~•-CI.P~• ·u·t.~

,..p

~m~~Ut1 HnG , lo I

. ,. . .

II\

.,..p . .

rtGU.lA.Ult .tU ~1:-Gil.t:-GIH 'I:- UGY U tll!lM.t

nR ttrt nn.L ~tlA.lM.G rtJJ 1n. n.t[11Yt:-G li' ... p t:-Gn.L ~ 11:-1.1n 11ttnun l.tLUt:-G.tn. tt:-.tlA.

::.tt.~

,.~·

::u. 11l Uf11 H

tlA.M. ~ lA.U~ 111:-.tlA. UYt:-G::.ttA

~11

l't

'-"/"

PI'

L U.f11G.tHUlA.1::.t[ll:-lA.t1.~lA.t:-Gil.L ~1t\fl1

II>

~"/"

, 1

,1lnnmM'IJD'Il-1l::D'I fl l-'n ::D'Ifl ~Yil'l I

•I

"'tl

l#l

<lj

nt11111 L~Lt'l~ 'IJUfllD'Il1'11tJil!lJ l'i.fl. .. c:l ~..!. " ., "' fil&d.& Dl!D l,L UUUYil'll:: L, 1DYitJYI\JltJ1l.,-\

lJUYI

•

<!~

nurn::'IIUlJl11DllltJt'11Ut'lty,tln '".,..!. Ul-1.fl. 11&&d l-1l::L,1t'lltJ1llJUYI Cl Q

"'"i , ... L~ "' ~ ~ i ~"i-1Ul~il!,1lnfl1t'I1U1'U'IJ'UU"Ul1tlU 0

c:lo

lJ'IJ'U1~

~z~ . oo n huJ\lll

.,, fltlt'11::YILltJnnu11t'11::

U111tJ\ll::1.,u\Jln

' nn::nn1~n1::t1

J,l

1 1"1· ~ ul~

htn1H tl11t'11Y1 LLlJ uty \!1::1 u llln 'II u 1u u

"'-'.1

'"'

•

i 'U, 11 fi'IJD'I

M~ :v.:~ m .:~ tl11u tl11lJ n11 ,n1 ,n l1n 1tJ

"""

i~v~ 11tJ'U1lJ

'\Ill l'llnl1L U U, 1'U 1'UlJ1n

....

LYl1 1t'l tJ Yl u 1::~ ll flU LYl1l U l-'i 1:: 'U1 11tJOJ <> do~ ~ '" I 01 UllYilJt'l 'U'IIt'llJt)YI11'1J'U1~ htty i 'Ul'llnlt'\ ·d~ c:l <II 'IJtl~l~l::V'Ifl<JI~LU'Ul::tJ :: L1t'\1 Glb U l'n::-

Ul::\Jlvn::11'111....'1lltl1'1

•

\ll::1'U\llfi'IJ()'ILlJtl~W1::'Ufll

I I . ,

l-'11:: D'lfl l-11:: D'lfl YIN nn 111 1 Yll'lt'l U L'll D n 1v Yl Nl-11::lJ 1 1~1M .,

lJ,.

, ...

1nn 1::1, 1v 'UYild-11

11lJ 'U LL n:: Yll'llJ Ll-H'I 'IJD'Il'~ 1:: tl'lfl fl D l-'i':: <I ., <ld ..!. ., u 1.:111 t1 nl!lJ n Yl H 1nv1 ~n.:~ nu i n1n 'liD~

.~. • l-'l l::'UN11lln'I-JlJ Vll::L,ltJ fl1llJUVl cHI c4 <t<~~ Ill tl~fl 'U tl1, LfltJ Yll 'I LU'U l-'n:: lJ Ll!l1l1l DL U 'U

"""'

'til

d~,

l-'n::n~1'1JD~l-·~1::L,l'lltJ1111lJun ,~ ., ll_l ...

iu " 1'11 mnu u 1 lt'l 1Yil-'~ lJ 1un 1n 1flfl ~ t'11H o d t .I "' ., ., t'11L1, l1lJYI~U11t'I1YI\Jl1LLfi1 (U ,U'U

~ .. I • I " ll " ., ."" L'IID nu1 1 Ullfi1YI \ll1Lm 1'U ·m:: L, 1'11tJ11., c:l 'UC>lYI1 " " ' 1'llJUDnL U ~t'11l'I'IJU

•

,'lt'11Ll,LL\J!Ll'W~

nn"'mnv)

i fili'U tJ~lJ ., ... , ~'Un11LLn:: " .,

U1::11ll11::11'111.,'1l1ll1~

f, d"'

. r.

~ 1tJLl!\li'U 'U

unn,1n I

u1~r11u 'liD~

u un lJ tl11t'! lYI'Yi'U lJ, "'Dl

... c.!. U1 lt'l lYil'~ 1::1 llllLL 'fi::U11t'11Yil'll::'IJ1lflYI

.I 0

V~1::D'Ifl

fi1l-Hfl11tJ iu111 Rfl. 11&&&

"'tl

"' ' ...

()1, L YIH\ll~\lltlnUl'll::L,ll1L'II'UYilhl-1::

~ () YINnlfl i\Jl'IJ()'IU1::L Ylfltl'UL~tJLl'1

Yl • f

... ""

~....

...

11lJnuuv.:~n un1tu 1, n1fln'll tJ

i u 1::u::

llo "'" 1 tl i I 1!: tw l'U1,'1JD~'IItllJL~ m·m 'IJ1lJ 1 un lJ LL lJu 1 "'

".,

dttl

.-1

1,1H1::u1~1tJ ~'~Dl,Ll1'U 1~,1n,11n'1l~ tl .!.<II <I~ ., -4 I J,l fl'UHUYILlJtl'lnl'1U1 91'1l1llnl1\HtltJ N\~ ()tJ d c:l J,l-. o~-4 I~ nLU'U'IJtl~l11::L,1t'lltJ11lJ'UYI • nl!11fH

. .

mmtn"n~U11fi1'Yllrmnvn~ RtiU~tllJnti"vu"umvn~ ning

t the tempi

or Bantcay

rei

.D.

Yi.fl. e cleo

(J), ,(J01U3:> 41 II ,<pr:~

,(p1J3

3(,(1S U004dca

JOSue:>(){ :>1c1 ;o 1JC J:>W4)1 o:>)l CL

o.• lA.fUt.C."UltlA.I.U,'LUU f1.ijt\Q"ttC.[UrtO .tit 't .. ... flLU f\ t\0 11\t.',.Ulm,.rtl.lrtO I> flU~ c.,.u 11L "LUI.1L.t f\

,(JOJU3:) 4111 3( .{1S U004dC8 JO lJIJ J:lW4){ OSJOl 3U!U!W:lj

OJ>O.•-

OJ>J>• •u .,.~ c.u. ttt.[\Lrtfl rtlJ.rtO~>f\UU .t "11[\ .t

,..

Ynrt.IJJI.L.tt-ll11l1'1.1~1 U ~ IAM.rt.ttn.tiH ,, M. n1 lAM.Itl11 M.ltl t'G R.G M.H.lt-11 tl1UGG M. t::lll.YlA .,. l 1C 1C ill!> 'I" ,. .. 1C "" 'I" .. "' ... ,. ... -::U.4. Gt; .ti!IIJ M.LIH LIA t; t- Q::.t M. t-Grl.L ~ ~ M. 11-... ,. p ,. t-LlAOG t' Ill t-t; LtM.UGJI.l u ibH M.tJJ.ibii.L.t[l I l .,1 ,. ~ f> I I p Jl.l.t n ~ ltltflJI.l.tt-G.tt;t-.tiAt;t-Q::.tMGrtl U ttlll11 ~L lAilGt-lllltM UnLtlANtt-nttt-Grtl "" ,. p p ~ ,. ~ '!"' ~ I ,. • I ,. \C 1!rtRUU.tiAM.Il1JI.tt-LM.::.tt.4.Gt; lltl~ <\ IAM.rt ... ,. .. "' ,. '!",. :: t [\tiL Hll t'Grt llA t-L M. M. R.lll11 Lll t' l!n JJ.H lA "' li' 'I" I 11.ttrl Jl.l ~~ ::.tM t-GR. UH1rt::tt.4. nu U.t ll.IJ UU 1 ~ ,. (\ lAM.rtttOJI.l&l::.tM.lttUW ~ lAM.rt.ttllJI. I '!",. ,.

HIA~1 ::1.111

,.L-1

,..

Ht;t-l.tl.lt-.t1Aitl1 <\ IAM.rt ,. ,.L-1 ,. ,.

~,.

.ttrl Jl.l ~ 1::.tt.t IAU l & Gill rt 1!11rtM.11\L ll.IJM. Ul.Y .. ,. 'I' . .. ,. t-l.tl.lGUHIA~tt;t-G::.tt.4. 1C

0 ~<\•

'.Y'M t\1 GY lo l

llA.l.tt-G.tt;M.R.~~~~~1 • IAM.rttttiAM.IU.t.!l ~ '" ,.L-1 'I" .. ... l & 1::.tt.4. G t;t;t-G ::tM.t-GR.Li RA.1::U.4.

,.,.

L &1::.tt.4.t'GR.U tl&

,. G.tH

M. ttl M.H M.G U.Yt-tJI.L.t

"' .~" ap • lAM. rtttnt JJ.L & 1::.tt.4. t-GR..Yt-tJI.L.t "' p q lAttrt.ttnll.

,. ..

rtlI

t-t.tnut-a~tnUlt-.tlA~, ~ ,. 'I" IC ka

L&l::.tt.udlULtn IC

'!' ,.

lAM.rtttnt~L&1::.tt.4.

C8J

'I" ,.

t-GR.t-trtM.MlALUL.t[lU.tl&UL~ "'lAM.Il.tt IC S> '!" ,. -RttHL &1::tt.t M.lA 1111A.L.t t-GttAM.Il.& ~JJ.~~~ "' p ~ '" ,. q t.tttrt.ttnA.l&1::tl•\ "'~<\" ·u·t.t 11.1

tU11 rtttA.::U.tttiJG Ill M.LOLHrtlllAUL M.JJ.l.Y

G ~ <\ lAM.rtt tn JI.L &1::.tt.4. t-Q R.L~~ M.JI.l t ::.tM.

tAn

li-P

-rmtutrt.tmtrtLtt::u.4.ntt-tlA~1 t;t-G::tM ,. ~ I ,. IC L<\p

....

-lLlAMt\1 M. R.I.'L.tl.lt-llalllrtMM.HlALJJ.lt[l " .,IJii ,. 'I" ..... U~t::U11

t-lArtt.t

.tLH.t::U.4.LR.1

,. kp

lila 111

...

,. ...

"''1',.

flU. I

.. ,.

t.tnt.YllAU Ltrtlfl::.tMn.t~1 t-.tlA ~

,.. II L,

t;t-G::.tM. tU11rtttA.::.tt.4.M.JJ"' lAM.rt.ttR.ttH liP )l 'I",. L&1::tM.Grt1 &.t1LUU.Hrtn1 Ulil11 llU1t'lil

,. ..

,. .... ,.

,.. ,.

U~M.JJ

,. ,.

- rth.M.lAill u M.t,Y1 lllA u fllllH UM.l M.U L.Y M. 'I' .. L..,,.p llU.ltlA lt-l tJJ.t-.tlA~1 IAt-G::.tM.L tul&UGM. <\ ,.

lAM.rt ttOJI.L ~~ ::tM.nUtllU1 Ulrt.t 1 ::GnL.tlA 'I' ,. ,. ,. ,. 'I" .. "' ltl1 111 • <\~<\" '.Y'f.4. t-llft&flQOJI.L.tt-G.tt;

t-lbtt rt.tt .t lA M.lll [lll M. L ~ 1:: .tt.4. Qt;Gill OJI.l.t ,..

1:-G.tt;tJrtt-tlA&LQ ttrtttR.t.tH.L &1::t M.

.tt;M.::U.UGrt1lAilJI.l.tt'G.tt;M.R.~1 111 &LG

"' 'I" p • 'K,. 111, 11 q tAHrtttrlA.L &l::.tM. ttn&&nnt.tt JjlAl::t[l

lj'.

....

tt t t; 11 n u t- t.4. n tt L u tt 1 tt !\ "'

...

"''"·

ulA 1:: .t I.n nt

A. I

ltl1 ULITrt&.tU&LIULG::I.111rtGR..tU&LIULG 1.. ,. ,.. ,.

,. .. p

t-lA

p~q• ·u·M. tt 1::1.111 M.n~&nrtLtt~ntl

...

u lA 1:: .t [l t-aR. u. 1:: lA t- ~m n na t-lil r:- ll.l [l rt & •

~·~'I",.

.tU&LIUlGnUt-Mn.t.tlUrtltl1 ,.

..,,_...

""'1<\.S- ~•q• •

',Y'M. HtH::.t CZj lAM.rt.ttlllliiAOlAGL&l::.tM

'I",.

,..,.

U'l'lt'!1Vl'Uflli'~ fftiU~OlJt'!1j'!.I'Ufl'J1..fl ngkor Vat

111 YC.fl. ebclo - e.Woo

ir t h If of the 12th century A .

VIfllMllr~lLL~-l "

oil .. "' ,.. i ULIJU-l"i'f L'IJVJtmnrnmJ

,..

m:a~n

Vl-lL Vl1'1 U"ll-lflUl'Wlufllnuu ..

.. ..

t'f'HJ1,1J\JVI Ia> •

v~. fl.

""l<l

~,., n-r~~VIltJVl LUtJfl -l

•bdcn

Ul~fl1U-l'll'!HJUU~\Jfl-l

f·n::u li.J

.. ~ ·

'IJD-ll'n::n-lm'!nn'IJulu H. fl. •bdd .li (

cl.,,.."'

L~HJVi'l::UllJLIJU"i'!\JVi'l::'IIUIJ

U-lfl

Vl.,::

LL'fl111

mlli\lru lnn •

..(

,.. ""

u 'l::u::u n1ru1~n'ln:: l1mn 'fll'UJ'l

.,j

.oj

.,j'

"11-l~ \JL 'ltJ fl11LtH1 Ul~ L U 'UU"i'!'l::'IJU U n I "' " Jl 'l,.. I ,.. ,tl tl 110!)11 Ultll n O'l\1 ~"i'f -l fltu::Vlfl L'IJ 1

"'t!

.. ..;.

,..

'HMV1Vl'l::L~1

t'IU-lllnlU

..;.

'ltJ1'llJ\JVI\., Lt'l

o:4 •

tJ-l 'l::LVIfl ulu l'l.fl. •b~d

'IJ\Jfl'ltl-l cl ..

.1,

U1~ LU\J 'l::U::L1t'11VI rn::U-lfltJ -lVl'l-l

'l l'lltJ I o

,..

LLrlnlUl~L'\JllJl

LVlfl,VlU

Iii l<l

LIJfl-lnlfl nt'll-.l'IJU\1

un::Hn~~,m~llu n.fl.

'l::

•bdd

<I dlo1,.. I ,.. .. n1runmnvw., n ~~t'l-lfltu::VIIJl L'IJ1lJltJ-l <i ' ~~,.. o4 "'

tl'l::LVIfl unn "ll..JU1 11 "i'f~-l11l~nn1ULUU

,..

U"i'f'l::'\JtllH1-.lnl'l"i'f tnn::'lltW 'IJM l'l'l::l~1 "i'flU1_,1J..tl~ Ia> ' .J. I

,~nUl'IU oil

l;nlu Rfl. "'

•~•o Vl~-llllJt!NLIJU-l ~-lli1~Ufl'lt'l1'l'lfl

n1~a~~7~71~1~7~~7~U1~11nll~11fln d

d.,...

fl 1i1\JI 11~ 17tJ L"liL~i'f t'l UU ~flU 1 1Yi1~V~fl

., "'~· ., al ... V1 ~fllV~Dltun O'HIVlU7~0 11' ~L UUVi'fl~ f

•

nvo'l~

d d 4 I 01~ fl1i11'17H17tJ L"ll L~i'f L~V1 lf-1~ fllV~

d•

'"'

•

71'1ftJi1UIJIV~1nl'i7~L~1rf7tJ17~U~

., ~·

Vi1~L~1'117tuU~l171JU~

111 fl()

f.I~HLUU~~l~ .... " d ~ ty1\JI~N~'U ~ IJ17~1'1JV~~·i7~V~fl ~'i7~L~ 1

.,~

nltuU~7171JU~

...

Lf1tJ1 ~MLUU 71~U~~1'1JD~~l~-

~.,

.,~

L~l'ljtJ171JU~

.,. .

111 ~HUUClVl'i~nfl1i1U1

U'CI~ ~N

1..

b (;11tJ

....

Vn~O~fl~HLi'fOt'IIJ-

...

l'ifOUL' 1Mty ~~"YY11Jtu 71'1f li~1 'IJV~Yi l~L ~ 1

l111~171JU~

U'CI~1Ul1HLfl. cbb d n

Q')

d ~ ~ I '~~7~1J.. 1Vli'f()~fll1U~"li~IJIVIJ1~~1~'1JUfllV~

dal

~.,

.,~

l1'1ftJLUU~7~L~1'1ftl1l~U~

IJH1ll~

d ~ I o1 V~fli'f~mtJLLlNV1tu1~nl'IJO~

Vil~L'1

<I'

nltuU~7111Jll~ II! V~'~NrflHi11UhTty d~ o

'IJV~ul1t'11mn~'llnfl~n1l'i~ri11V (nvH '1 ol<i., ol 'l .lj ol I ~ .. LlO~U~~UUU L'lfVOU1H'i1~L~1 n7tuU~l .,~· al 1<1 ~ 111JU~ 1c V1,~HLUULLIJILl'W~L~1~1tJ

d,~

Uti~ IJL~LCf~~'IJUfllV~ll~tJL'CitJO (;!) ,

...

•

~ ~ ~7~L~UltuUm1liJU~ ~ ~ ol ~

111

"' ..

~N~f-1 01 ~ '"

fill

n1YltltiO O !l~YlYI IYlU ( 1!1U1Jn n ) l'Lfl. •

., ,,

U\JI'I\H'J::L\JU~l.hHI1Y1Ufl119l

'l> ~o - e .Wo o

Ba reli ·f repre\enung the Tha1 army on th ~ wall of

ngkor

hmer

ng"or

at Ly le f 1r L half of the 12th century

t'IUIJIOflDVil~L~1tJ1fl171JU~ II! ~\JlD~m~ .lj

Ul1UUl11JOUIJ~Dl1H

1 Ull1VLfl .' c~ od dd '", ~ ~ I Yil~V~fl ODO'IJUU NWt-IU ~ L'IJ1 UtJ ~11~

t'I~U\11 LLti~'IJUfl7V~

"' .... ., "ln1U1~\Jitl111JU ail)

l 1~tl \11 V~ l ~U 11J 11

L~1'1f1tJ'IftJ1liJU

" ..\ t: ., . I ., "ll~'lltu~uuv~u7~~unv un1tu1~n1

..,

~IJU1 '1~~1~7 UO?IUIJ1~10Yil~L~1tl 1fl1l.,

I d "'

I o

....

1u7~0~m1il~L~1

IJU~ II! Ul'ltl L~i'f1La

\llln 1U1~\Jitl1llJWUUfl7()~ D1tu1~ Ol'IJVIJ

., ., .I I ~HD1tu1~nnJJu1 Ul~l11N ~·ut. d~

• ~ o d -c~ c o -4

.....

OlJn1lLLV~'If~71~rllJU\IlL'IfU

L(;l tJ1 OU U'CI~ ~'il~ 11~1 V~fl Ll!IJ 'IJV~ ~11JO ...& , ... ~ ~ ..&. ., ~l~lJVi1~U1~11~tJ()U~l1llJU~

ci.

liM

ll ... ., ., , ~f.IOi'flJYiUli IJ\IllOUV1tu1,0l ~

~'l ~

~10~

...

nv~tu~.ff. c ~ c cn LL'CI1 v~l~Mfln'l~Mu IJ1 •

"' ., 1'IJ\JIDltul,nl'IJVIJ~NUOLL\110

l d 'll

., ...

i11La ~·n~L~1'1ftJDUm1l~U~ ci. '~ ~ 1 ., '"- 1 1~ 'I Mu Lu ~1n MlJ ~vvnnn~~mlni'I~JJ1

..... 1 1

...

m~~~LC'I1u ~... fl . • ~ ll!o lJ'If11,ULlOU"n aj

LUUf.IU1m~

.tl ~ .I I t LLti~LIJVlJ1fl~u1nLLIJU1 'IJ~

\l f1 11"'9l .,,1 YLft . e'l>clo-e.Woo

Ba - relief repre of A ngkor

at.

nllng the K hmer army from the town of L vo or K hme r

rtof A ngkorV at

tyle

irthal fo ft he i 2 Lh

pburi on th ent uryA.

wall

::.t M. TllrtHL.t MUL 1\Lrt ~ttt M ljt-a::.tt.1.t-al\.t\ t p 11'\lP ,. uiAt-.tJJLt\LttLIJUU ;.>to~& 'U'Mt\~lj.t.tn. i I I P ? ~ lA.t\rt.ttllii.LI\1 -::.t~tlA.LJJL.trlU.tL&alj I' • ~

-::.tt.tt-an.u .tL& ""'-

~ ,.

L rtt.tUlA. 1::.t [\Nlt- lA.::.tu tt& •

UU1 [\1 ::U111lLUrtrtUH11t-an.t-MHt\tl.lat\H1 lo

,..

. "'"'

....

f\~Lif)lf)1

•ell~•

,."

~,.

"'"'

li'

&Lt\Lartrtan..tU&LTULaLttLUU~1

'U'M,

t1 t-Uall.f\1\LA.LUaJJ.t-f\H ....... .. .,...,.

PGI\~& 'U't.1. r1Ut'.tlflii.L.tUUrt ,. ,. ..

~:-a rt1 nu uu ~ t-n.l L

c-art1lA.r1MM lj~t

f\lA.f\1\t'lltl ? ,. "'

n rt n t-M rt.t nn t-at.tllLlb ":,,:-

~~ ~ JJa t\H 11lalA.rtaR.U.tL& I? l't •

llt ~Uif) II

f\ r1 1L t r11\t' lb lj t-a::.t t.\t'GO. U.t L& I!" I ,. 'r? So·Mt::lf)UlA.::U 11a MH1UlA.t'LlA. ...

...

,. ..

lllllllot'.tlA.~1

'""

,.,.

rt uaa 1\Lf\ La ~

lA.t\rt.ttrlllol ,.,.&l::tM.

lf)rl f\llljt'QIIol.t t.tll::.tt.l r1U llG tLU llol t L lA.Lrt

.._I"'

1•

~t U :J>-p~s 'U 't.1.M~II.Ltl.tll::tt.1.Mr11t't\H11 11 lp I!" I

.,.""::U11

Llflr1.t~1

Uf\LJJII.L.tt\1 ':

,.,.

lA.t\ftttllllol&l::tt.tt'QO.

,.,..

t\llolf)lr11fl1HlA.~1 t'lb 'l ~ ,., .. ...

llllot.t1 ,. ... ..

·lf)t'l-\11 llol.tUI:' GL trtlf\l•f\H ljt'QU Qrtl&lll II. I fOI 'f"'? 1>, rtl t ljlf)[\f\llljt'QJI.Lt t.trl::.t 1.1. ... ? rtan..tUMIULQ L 1\ 1M tt::run. "' \1

t-aO.t-Q.tljUrt.tLUif)~llllJ

t-an.t-ttH t\W11 f\ r111lUW UL[\rtl\.tU 1\LIULQ .,. I!" p ,.,.

"'O.~~·u·t.t Nl o.:->~··u ·M.If)11t-lf)::un ~1 SoI \1 ~~~ ::MlA.t\ t\ LlllA.t lllllol l\ 1rtl.t[\r1Lt rllltlrt LJJU ,. '" • I"' P rtl.tljlfl[\ttlWt-GII.LU.1.1l::.tM.Qtj ~ lA.t\rt.tt ... ? • ~ ,. .. ·llllol 1\ 1::tM.t-an.LUI1lr1::tM. 0.:->~• 'U't.1. t\l

~U.t 1 H llQ "'P ~ I

OJ>~ s ·u·t.1.tt~~n;1~t.tu,.MruLa

llt~rtQO..tUI\LIULQalf)ttllortQil

II ,. I 1Jc rt1 II.LtUGlULU::tn::u 11t\Utll~1MGI:'t\Ht\Q

lf)rtl\ l Ln. IIllA. ~ ::u 11 L rtt.ULHIA. 1:' lA.rtG tMrtGn. ,.. II I \1 II MlA.t'll UL f\ t'.tlA. ~1 t\ljt'Qrtl 1\ll Lllol 1\1 rtl .t lj ~~~~(? "' ,.

,..

t\r11 L0.1L [\ rt 1\ tU 1\LIUL a rtt.t r1t.t ~1 U ::ttlA. I!""' ,. ,. ,. .. , •

·t\ t\LillA.tlll II.L &1L rtG 11)11)11

Jn1u:~J 41 (I .< pc:~ 41

"· ,,

t.1.lA.1rt.t.t tll.t JJ

t:l :11c1 St.<ls uo \ ra JO u1~ J:lllt4)1 ((, ) IIi\ ut'lUJ c., c\r. r l!ut

O~f"·-OOf"•

')j 'M tU.

t\lllf\llllJJnQI\[\IH4 (l.) ,.

C!..P LtrtLtt::.tM.t'.tlA.Ilii.L.tt'Q.tljt\0.~\::ttlA.

I ? t,il II ~ ·I\ t\L lllA.tllL!l.l 1\1 If)! ljllJt\tl.l M Ll. 1rt.t.ttllllo ,. •

,C \,

-ll.tJJL trtl tt::t HI:' .tlA.Ilii.L.tt'G .tljt\11.1\ ~1.1 1~1 "' I ? lji; p " II~ lA.t\ rt.t lllii.L 1\ l::.tt.l t-Gn.lln. 11:-a t\t\r1 11-Jt\Q 't ,. ,. II II J:" II '"' ~

llLII.LI\1Gttll1ljllJQYf\tJJ ell t\f\1UGat-r111 II

~l, L[\,rt,.l\t U,.&L IUL

I!"

rtGII..tU,.&L IULGt',.ll[\ ~

L fl.1t.1.11lt ljt'Qt\ rt .tt.tLI. t\ Qllii.L 1\ t::tt.\Qljrtl 1\ II ? ,. "',. II It LII.L .t::.t t.lt' .U::IJ 11~~ t t llllott-art1Q ljrtL&t'QO. I

l?lt

i l l l ' " " '..

t'tUHt'Grt1~1lLR.1t:-.tlA.~vuJillii.LI\1

lc"'

::t\lA.

It ""' "' t\ t\LillA. tl trtl t\1:' tlA.rtLI\IlLII.L 1\ 1CH~futjL l.llA.

...

tt-,.

·~

l.llA.Illf\rtt'.tlA.~1

Ll.t\lA.Lrll'tl\.tU& "'"'lct\.tLUt\1~ .... ,.,. ,.

LIULQ lf)rtl\ l Ln.~~~ lJlji:'Q::.tt,\ 1:' t\HHLW Q. I" II II P? \l' \1 I> rtan.tUI\L IULG ,.. ll)rtl\ll rtl",.,clttl 0.1t\H~1 Lrlrt 1\.t U 1\ ,. .. , . , . LIULG::umuw l\r11::1\~lll1~1 .t U&LIULQ. I!" "' "' ,. Ltr1l!.LI.HlA.G.rt1 "'"'~• 'U'MM~::IJ11 UlA.1 ~

-::.t[\t\~llllJIJ(I.LU&.tLUrtL.t[\r1l.t[\ ~1

-::.tt.1.

ljt'Q

"'"'?

tU11LA..t.tl.1. J' J' ll.trtt\llo::.tM.rtGrt1 "' ? ,.. It :->ell ~ • . U 't.tartlUA. 1lJLII.L.t ILI.i.L Ll.

::run.tt 1

,.1!1\IU.tllllolli::.C.M[\t::.c.M ,. ,. ,.

::.tUI:'.tLI.~1

• ,c"

...

,.. ...

lA.f\rt.ttlllloll\1::.tt.1. 1!)1 ::.tJJQ

,.,.

,."

,..,

...

f\ r1 1rt Qn. .t U 1\ L IU L Q H 1 L lA. Q .t 1 t'L lA. I:' t.t r1.t "" ,. II ~ o II' I .tLU f\ ~ ::ttllo llllol!l\ 1:' .tlA. ::1.111 rtl& 1.1.1.4. t'GU r1U

,.":t

,..

JJQh\~1 lJljt:-Q::tM. I II 11\p? S>-1111~

tU11t~tljt\::.tt.ti:'Grtl II II II'

~lllllol~\

r1 J> •

rtL&Q.t1M.lA.t'QUULI\i:'IJH ......

LUl1::1l::.tG.ti:'.tLI.t:-Gil)U (~ lA.) Mrt.ttllllolllllo "'" '!" ,. ,. tll111\.t1Lt.lrtl ell lA.f\rt.tlUlllLI\1::.tt.l Ll\1

POl"'.

't'"

Q UH 1lltii.LrtGt.1.1 H1.r1.t .tLU M ~ 1:-G f\1 L[\ rt& II' I It I ~.. ,. .tU I\LIULGUL&Lrtr1UU&I!li.11Grt1 llGilQ t\ ,.

rtf\ 11.:: .t ~1.rtl:' .tlA.l:' llh\11 1:' 16 tLI. 1II. L .t 1111.1:' fuHL 1\1 p "' '"I :II" ,. ... "' r1UJJ.trtt.lt'.tlA.iji:'G::.tt.1. ~ & -q& LI.A..t.tti1\U ,. • p 't ltlA.M.l:'L ta::.t .tU 1\UU LQ 1:-G.tljU[\lA.rtGO.Ui:'t '!' p Ll.t\rt.ttllii.LI\1 I

·II.Ltr1Ui:'G~tllU11:'.tlA.U

::tt-1. "'

....

lA.f\rt.ttR.tti~LI\1::.tt.1.1:'Gn.L~llllol.t

.. '!" ,. "' ... f\r11!1 L~.tLrt::.tt.tf\ll!li:'LlA.::Un ell Ll.f\rt "" "' "' '!" ,. ·.ttll.tiJL&1::tt,1.r1UiilLfu::.tM.f\r11i:'.tlA.U ~ Ll. ... "' ,. ... p p '!'

f\rt.ttllli.L&1::.tM. (llLII.LI\1GtH) ClllA.t\rt.tt ,. . ,. ,. . .tlA. f\ IU.t!ll &1::tt.1. Q '" "' "' ... "' "'~

ljl~r1::.tt.1.f\L~i:'LLI.

~LI.

'!'

t\rt.ttllii.LI\1::.tMilt~LrtGI1lr1 ,. ,. II II I I!>

oe~~

UQf\1 N! "' ~

L~r1l.tr11:' J.l::l\ f\1\11. 1Ullli:' llrtltU r1.t lA. " I I 't f\ 1 rtt\A.::tt.1. t\lJf\ rtttlllillA.l f\tU .tlill 1\ 1~.tM. ~, 'll ,. ~ "' "' rt ~:: lJ t\12 [\:: ll 11 hi ft &lUll U.t~rt::.tM i:'Grt1

fuH l[lLJ.lU l::lA.t:-llMI\LrtMR.Q .t 11\ ll 11 l!l~ UtU 11 "'

II'

P II

-lKL.l t'l.lLU Rll GtH tm~c.U fl tt\rll t\ Dl.lfl1

,. 0 ,. II' p "' ... Jl> 'I' UGG!l t\lllrt UU't t\C.t\ L 1:\ IH1.1 L Ll1:: U 11 N\11 ,.

Jl>

t\11QGU QJJ IA.fl tlLIA.~t::r.t.t~ ~GtH ::u 11tl U 11 I ,. 'I' 11' .. t\JI.1

~ IA.M.rttC.IlJI.L&1::r.t.tllrtiJ. M.~M.n.t-Ltl.l

!';

,."

IA.ItlllJJILIA.M.IlL ULlA.r. L U rtH 1 L lA.

.,..

p ,_It o

~t' Lfu t& 1111.1U t'~ llLU ttC. U1 I

-.,

rtH tt-Gt1 11'

lLLUllllrtH L!.M. p 1\

'"·,.

UtLIHUUM.~IlG

LM.IJ.LUttl.lLUJI.tt1.1 I(

1>-

!JULI.flftlA.t'~ C.U11ULrtL.t.JI.::r.t.tt'.t.IA.~t P lA. J-1",. .. .. 'I' t1. fttC.Il JI.L &1::r. M C. U11rtGn.r. U &LIULGlllrt& l

""illlp,.

Lrl.1rtt1~1

UlllA.n.liHU&LIULGUL&IllA.1 t.tlA.

,.__

k,.

t'GUt\\1tt::ll::r.tt ~ t\L ~~.tt11UL,_& 1::r.t.tlllc.llfl\1 t l UL IUtti1JI.Ltt'GtlJ 11:' ~~1 U rtGn.t U 1:\L IULG If'

P.,P• 'U'M t\1

,_lop

~Ut1 t'LilG Ill I

flti1UUilU.t ~

It,.. p

rtGrl.tU&LIULGUtUfl.Ln.1~1

Ulll11 Ulll11 PI

~.,P•

f:io

·u·u. M.1

IA.rtlA.rt1

,.. ,.

"" ,_

., lA. 'I'

rt1 &LG P IA.t\rttC.IlA.L&1::r.t.1.

'•

,..

11'

,..,.

.. 1

•11

L ll::r.t.1.L &1

lo.,.

t-Gn.::lll::tMt'Grt1 •

Jl>

,..

~I>

•

C.U

'I"

,. l!l U "'"'

IA.LJJL.tflLULUUt'UH.tLHC.It1

QGttLER~ ..

It,

-::.r.fl t\U "P UGilLH.LlllC.~rtG.t1.1.fl.t::r.t.1.rtt'llo

" "

"'"

.tlrtU.tlA.t\.tUilLJI.L&1::U11 (<l..,<O Lt\H 9GIIIA. \' UIA.M.tn.llLUrll.lU1t' t tmttLJ.lt'H11.tLIJ. rtl.11 I

,..

.._

)'"'

-.r.Lc.::l.m q~ • L ttH ., rtU1

(a8poqwe:::>

np SUO!ld!J:>SUJ) U tl &G 1.11:' ltH t\ ~)

LJI.i.1.rtUtU&LIULGt'H11 ,.

.r.fl.t.1.1.1GU C.l ::1.11:-G rt1

.. ,.II' ,. "" 11'11 11' t'Gt~HC.IA.1JI.L.tllJI.t'Ltt::tM.t-Gn..LltGlttrtr.C.

,.,..

~r.

- .tlA.It G' ' 'flLJI.L 1:\1

"" "

t n.::.r.t.1.1A.L.L1L.trlU.tl&

I' ..

llll1ft~JI.L.tt'GtlJitrl.llJI.C.tt lllt'H11 ~ fO ... ' I

tt t'LilG '

Lrlrt

~It

I"',.

t'6

CIJ IA.Itrt

,_lo

\''"

.r.L rtUilLIA.t\11 p ,.

lilt

rtHUALllllA.Ll.lL.tflU.tL&

...

_,.

,..

rtr. r. Ullltli1L lllJt' Grl.t'Ht\1':111

...

,..

...

... ~

1"',.,..

Jio'

1\ ._,

t\1 QQt'llo ~~

t-Gn. t'LUU llt\UttllLI11A.L.L1Ltn tt, namER~ I' ltl .., P

-::tfllrt~1 fl.t!11A.t.1.::tt.1. Q~ ~~~~~ • 11' ti.L\11Lrtln.l~l

"~~~

If'

...

.. , . . , .

... ,.,.

t\ t\llrtl lll t'L lA. t\ ~lt\ ~U t.t IA.rtt' ll::U 11 ..

.. 1

""'IQ,

, . ... , .

lll L 11 t\W11 t\ ~ rtii.UA

,..

...

'""'lr

~p~

,,J'

0 "-'

o;.

lll::tfl ~ lll::tfl

';i

" 11'

•

(W04.L Ufu~LIJ. "' ,.

• II '

t\L!l::tnLHrtllJI.LC.

1"'..

,..

b,.

t' t\Ht\11UU.L1MLUUL&

•

~ IA.tl.rttC.IlJI.L&1::r.t.1. fl.tC.lll

n.r.u ~-,..

,..,.

'""'

II IC

.tC.UU1Ul C.lllJJ!lt.\ l::.r.M::U.~U11l~l

P'"'"'

Glll1 t\ 11''"

. ,.

t- tlA.IA.tt L ll L Hrt !llA.UL tl.l.lLU lLIA.M rtLlllllllJU

,..

rtr.l1 LHrt L C. C. I.! 11 rtt\JI. ::.r.~Ut .LlG rt1 rtl t\ ::tM I II p 'Jt,. l;::1.111 eq~ct ·u·t.1.t'llt\&llGilJI.Ltt'G.r.~ So I p 11f.~1 ,. II

Ill

~llG1::~.tt'LilG ~ IA.t\rttC.IlJI.

&LGUt'G::tM p

. "".

.,..,.

L&1::r.M.n.UC.IlU1C.L.tt'G.t1r. ~1 L.t1H1 LIA.::U11 " ,. 'I' UL UL Gt\L rt 1.1.1A.L IJ.L .r. n IA.lllUU 1.1 rtl.ll R L U

t"""'

I"'~

,.. ... ERJI. 1::.r.tA n.u ,. JJ.r.rtJJ uJJ 1t- r.IA.

::r. tAt-an. tt ~u ~1

"'ltlp

IA.t\rttC.IlJI.L&1::.r.M

,.. ,.

rtttJI.::tMt\J.l ~

(C.U11LrtC.LUUt'~

t.lA. 1JI.LtllJI.t'L M.::.r.M.Grt1

...

,..

·~

MIA.1 rtr..r. C.ll.r. IlL 1:\1 ::.r.1.1.::U 11M.IA.1 rt.r..tC.Il Jl.ll r. .1.1 b

UL & ~1 11L.tlA.l\LQ t\t' lA. .r.u 1:\LIULGJI.L.tt' lAC. lA. .. " lo " \1 ,. :a 7 L Jl.fl1.1..tl~1.t LU ftC..ti1C.tlA.t\ 111 ~1 t\llli11A.LL1 'I' I? "lo -L.tfl Ut'l.lC.UJI.LtlA.t\IA. llt'UHU~tt::tt.tt'G rt1 p "' ... 'I' 11'

C.IA.1tlA.t\Gt'Ltt::.r.~1.G~H t\ J>... If'

Utl &t'lll11HIA.H

...

,..

l...t-Llllt'Grtlrtllllt\L~

JI.LtC.IA.1!11A.I.11A.

JI.LtlLIA.M!llA.I.lMilrtJJt\1

N-1.11 ~oe UG.tU&LIULGJI.LtUAI.!L11LiltAt'tl ::1.111

U lA. JJ t' IA.Il R t\ rt L t\ H fl r. M 111U I.!IJ.IA. L IJ L.t fl '"'I'\1P " Jl>,.

~ G (l rt IUH 1 t\C.IJ.

•

IA.L.LlL.tflrtU t\UL&UGt\ tl.l.tULt\ ~r.r.n.::.r.1.1. p

0Ull LlA. t\,.n.IA.L JJL .r. flrt u ttl ILJI.L.t•

ftll.ti.I.L lll

t'C.I.1Htlltt::.r.t.tt-Grt1 Gt; j? /flo

IA.ttrttC.IlJI.L&1::r.t.1.

,. ,.

/flo

c.L Jl. IUrtHLt Ml1t t' tlA. ~t lJt-G::.tML C.~~ ti.H1 p "' ,. II p I II p ::&t-~ llGrtt'~t'OUIUrtHLtMLt\.L1LUlll11 ~r.~

,.1,.. '"PP I,. H~ 1 t'L llG ltlll LHrtlLIA.UL ltiJLU lllA.tAG ,lll1 tt .,. I

t' tlA.::&~t-G:: r. t.1.rt11

P.",.,.

n1 UGtt 1·,

llG\.1 rtr..r.u Lrtlll::.tfl11l.1. t\ ~~1 L C.&~ L rl.1

•,_,

,..

f'lC.~lllt\LHrt!llA.t.1.1lJI.::.tt.1. IS ,. fltlLIA.i.\::r.Mt-llc.Luu.r.Lurt

It It lA. l...u 1.11 r. Lll. C.t'Gri.L 1\.1 t'L IA.~::r. fl t\11 U.tl 1:\

7 ,..

t'L1.1Uiltt U

UGt\llLUt\LlliJ.t\IJ.LUI1 tHLJJ ..

~&t\l11t\llln.IA.LIJ.Ltfl::U11

t'Grt1lJ n.G.r.rtGUIA.N.1. 11L UN4.rtG 0.~ •

Ulftt\Gtti11C.1 t'L.tiJGUtLULIA.t'tlA.~l

t't\H 11L lll t\LIA. JI.L.t:: t t.1.::U 11lllll.tl rlJI.Lt t\111 C.1 L rt~~UIA.I::.tfllll11L rtl n.1 t'LIA.t\~1 t' lloll ~lt\G

I"' L\ ,

Yi-

Lrtrt&.r.U&LIULGt'Grl. ti.L.!L

JI.L.t t'llfl1 t'C.I.1Ht~tt::r.M.t'Grt1UL& t-~1.11 W,P

ttUlll1 Ulll C.GG.tH

.t~rt11.!lU ~· IULrt::tflt\UHHilGt'H11

::Ulll11 t\t\t'H11 • .,. rtLC.C.LI.!U~r.r.n.::r.t.~ I \1 I ,.. I I p IA.L.Ll Lt n U .tL&t'lloHIA. t\~1 t\~UM. lA. n. .tH L 1J. I' .~ ~ "" ,. '!' ,. o tt JJt'IA.ttl1&&111llA. 1 UIA. 1::r.n nn.11A. t\~11 tt ~ 'l \1 ,. 1o lo I' I? 'I' ""

(.r.fl.tt&fuLLJ~C.Ht-1:\ Ht'l.lt'Clrt1 .. ,. ,. p ... • .r.fl.r.JI.t.1.1 .tfl.JI.Lt

Ht'IJ.t'Grt1~1.111

.r.fl.ru.r..r.t.dJ tfH.1.U t\JI.1

-R~::r.nn1 t'Ll ~ 1"'1"'1.1 I 10 CIJ

LC.rtLtt flt

t\t\J.;.t.tn.::r.t.1.1A.l.Lll.tflU.tl(\t\~ ~ IA.rtrtr.C. \1P s-. 'I''" llJI.L &1!:tM.t'Gri.LttiJ.LU!LIA.t.1.t'LIA.N .t~QUt' JJ 'I'

JI.LtUt'Grtlt\rtL &llLJI.L 1:\1 WllG un I,.. ,.

lAp

""'

... ..

LllllA.L.LlL.trl rtL&t'I.1.LUt'Grt1lHlJt\~C. 1· o • 't ,. GltH 1t-Il U1 Ulll t\ c.::~ UIA.t'LIA. tl rtlllll lA. ttn.

t' lll11 t'.t.IA.H C.IA.1 tlA.t\JI.1 L.t t'L t\ ::r.t.1.t'Grl.la.t Gl I

JO>f8UV)

lltlA>Ml &~t'LC.J.lt'.L111rtt-.r.IA.::I.111 "'? .~ a ~ • Utl L RU .r. I·JL & 1!llU.1.::tMG~ LU::.tflll.tlAt

··,.""

t'IA.rtC..r. t'H11::Ulll11QGGUH1Hit'llL1.lllUUl.l \1 I I I • '"'!" -ti.IJ.LRLUUtL&LUUUL& t'H11 10 IULrt::.tfl C.I.111U&.t~1 t\ltt'H11 Cll! 0 • ULI1LilMHl II ,. II II lo \1 1 11tHLl.l l...Hlllt'Grt1rtllllrl1 t'H11 "P"P (t-H11

t'flrl1 N-1.11 ~· ,.J"'II\

L C.llC.l!lC.L 1.1U Jll!l1llo11ltl

If'

Gt\H1~LULfttAUIA.1::tflt\~ ULC.

.. '"

pq~• ·u·M. M.V.1.rtM.lllt'llo

IA.LLH.tfl)

11'1(

.tlrtU.tC.IlLJI.L &1

...

t'lll11t'tlA.H tlrtUil.tJJilLJI.LI:\1Q~ lJt'G "P I "' If "" II II' p t'llM 1llG rtrtl tt::.r. t.1.11L.tlA.IA.lll11 ~t'GilLUH p I ,.. '1' I p IA.t\rttC.IlJI.L&1::r.t.1.

...

lA. 'I'

-C. t .tUilJI.R.Utllt.Ut ::r.tA t'Grl.t'Gtt;rt ~rtLW 1\

lll~llLUilG t\L IJH11.1LI1Lilt.tt-.r.l LC.~1 11L.tlA.H1 II I \( I 1 " Ill 11 It

L IA.U .tl 1:\UL&

'U'M, t\~rtttJI.::.tt.m.Ll p ..

p •

JJ.tGl rtt'.tlA.

tl L,

UIA.1::!.fl UL& t\L ri.U1 111,1 L &1::r.t.tt'Gri.U~l t'rt t.tlA.t-au

ttrtr.C. tlA.t\GL &1::u.~ UL & GlllllJI.U.t'Gt~ttn. &~1.11~1

~P~•

lJt-G::U.~ G~ C.ll~1JI.L.tU Ut'lll.~1lll1111L.tlA.L.t1

llG

t\ t\ CIJ IA.M.rt.tC.tlA.t\QL &1::ttMlr.HLJJ llLUrtftl.HI.llt'Gn.t- t\Ht\C.I.l::\.111 $>

L t\ rt 11 rt iH·G tl5 n.a.r.~ t'U t' ll rtGn. tU & LIU LG

P C.U1111f.1.tt~) lllA.1 UIA.1::.tflt\~lllrt1At'Grt1

t.UU.t.L1GULU :: tfl::&lllA.1 lllLJI.t\JI.IA.t\GU L c.t-~JJ1l ltQ Jl.lllt

-Lr.lll~LU

::u11

~ ~ rtLUM. t'Grt1G~ttUt.i. 11' 11' ,.

t-Gn. ~1 UIA.t'LIA. t'll l.lrt 11.111 &LG t'llo ltC.H!l Lrt ~

,_It

lllA.l C.LGt'Httn.t.tl.lt\&1 Gt\11.111.Gllllll::r.t.1. 1\ I ~ '-' Jto "' • L &1L ltrt11M.n.rtLilllttn.1&LGt'lbl.lttllo .tn.MU ,_ Jl I ,.!? 'I" ,. ,.. G.t~-l.q::ut-Grt1Q~ Jll!l lllA.1 C.LGt-t.Jrtn.ttU ~".lt'Yi" '"•tr,. Glbfll llLI.lrtrtl.lH 11ttn.rt1C.Il UH 1t'lll1 Q~ t\ 11'

m Q I!) t'l!lrt ftGn.r.u,.&L IULG t'Gri.JI.L tUIA.1 ;:r.rt 1"'&.. ,. ... I"' 1

LC.c.LUU~~ ~·

JI.L &1t-Gn. &lti.L~I. 1:\G Jl.t\&lllH 11ll rtH~& It ,. •

L~r..r.rm ~ L C.llC.~C.LUU .L1~1llo11l.tL&L.r.lill.lLU

r.U&LIU LG UL 1:\ UGG llGll t'Glll U rtGn. t.I.IA.t'GU coq~•·u·t.l. t\~ l!l~~~~t'GilLJI.L&1tl.f1.1::&LC.

,_ p " Jl" I 11LtlA.lli.LftLJlrt1 UL.t1lll11 ~ IA.tl.rttC.IlJI.LI:\1 ::.r.t.1.UL&GlllllJI.Ltt'Gt~tl.rl.l\~J.l1~1

-!. C.tlA.t\GL 1:\ 1::r.t.tl C.!JULr. n

L 1:\1::r.t.1.G lJ) ~t-G::t t.1.t'Gl.lt'IA.rtl 1:\ ll.tlllRU " • p \1 p~,. ::1.111 (~llt.1~1 tU&LIULGt'H11LJI.L.t::.r.tAG~) ,..

If'

::ttC.Ilt' H 11 L JI.L.r. ::.r.t.~

L C.JI.::LU 1t' H 11L JI.L.t

~ tlt.l leo 11

d...

~·uf. '~ d~o

" ' ...

OlJl'il::L~1LL~'U~'U

J .~ <I ' ., tNfll lUJ'\J'UflHl~'l 1'!1VY11·U'n::'U11J11 '!IU

' <I L11 "'' LlJm11111Vn::tJ~fl

.. 1nmnu'lU.Ifl11

.... .,

YlN LOU1 ~tl~ 011 l'i l::L ~ 1 fll 'U Y1 1'!1U11lJ 'U

'"'

"'""

tl[JH L1 L~fl'U~'i1J~110 1111 lH'IOY1LnU1 ,., <I .. -4<!1 'l.ltN nuvn::tJ~fl '11i"' n'l1u ~L uum\:11'\.ltllJ ~.,

......

• .,

u n::vnl1nnl1u .JLU'Unl\J1nunnq\Jl

11<!1

'11nn

nl\J1rl 'Ut'IOtj\Jl'U L1.J 'U~UOnl\J1t'l 'Ut'lnq91

'111'1 nn(;lmULL'11~tl1tu1~m'l.ltJlJ •

d ., "'"'

nn 11t1~

-4

...

fl1t'f'U1l'i1llUJt1H'IYll! Lfl1'Unl[J "li~Ut'l(;l~ ' l'· , ..... 11l 'U'I.Itu:: 'U 'U LL1J Yi'Vl'llfl1rl 'U HIY111 Lt1 111Yl '

•"

ta::LL Vnlti"' 1UlJ1nLL tl1 LL\Jlfl1ri'U l'Vn1HlJtu ..t

del

0.,

'l'U l'i.fl .o :J~cn vn::

OU~fl~lJfl11lJrl1flqjtlU

".I

lo:l"

L~ 1'!1 V1n1J1'1l U1LlJfl11fl~':: (;lYJl~n ~fltu:

Yl\JIL;11uv"'~u.,.::LY1fl;u

un::lu

11'!11

Yll~'U1lJ111.JllJl1lJ

Rfl. f!d~d

lu v..fl. •d llllle ~~'11lJ1UL'1191'i'Un1JV

d,· '

n'!l1~fl L'HlJ~nL.,. vnv.'l::11'!11tl~fl 'HlJ'I.Itl~

v1tun n1'1.1tllJ11

"ll 'U\'Il10'U1L

'tlL

d14a

"' ., ... t'flJL~ ~OlJYi'!l111 'l1'!1

tJ ~ fl

U\111L ~-

u nM~::L uu

l'il::U'llJl 1lJU ULtl~ d

111 v..fl. • die& ...

vn ::mlJl1lJnY1H

d '

lJtlU'!11flltl~'l1'!1V91tlYll~U1lJ11lll1lJ1fln • ...

...

l1'!111! 11'!1 l 'n ::tNflYl N1Jvn::u 1lJU 1100

.,.q

.. ~.,

tltJ l \Hl~ lUJltJL'I1~~\H'UJtJ n~1~flL '11lJ ~l'W ,·

"ll'UtiLth'Yi'lln'WVH~

VUt. edcno 11 d

t'flJL(;l~ L~ 1'Yi'U'I11nlJ'Yi~1 d

lu l'i . fl. edcnb

t'flJ L (;l~'Yi':l ::11LlJfl1 1LL'I1 ~Yn::'Wfl 1fl1tltJ UtJ 1 d

-i LL n::911lJ'Yi1::11~YNfll1~11nHfl1-

nn nunu1

. " · -~~· LlJtl~l·n::um'l1n1~nfl nv~ ,

l 'WU91tl

vn::L ~ U':l'lm1flnfl m.ln~H 1::~-ulJ

.. , ' "' .. .. <l lJ 1tl1t1Y11~'Yi':l::'U1lJ11 "ll'UtlL~llNfJ:: '11~

LL n::Vi 1::1 1~1 tl1 t'f'IJ ()~t'f IJ L~ ~l1 1::11 LlJfl1 1 ~ .. -~ d ' fl tl'Yi':l::tl'WYI11~1n 'IJ'UL t11fJ ll~fJ LL YI'U LL~

,,.. c , lJ~1nfl m.IMl11::~ulJ

.....

fl~ 91HnU L~ 1l'i 'U '111qj 1 ~ '111 tl'Yi1::fJ 1qj1~ ~, ... , , d " J YJ VlfJLnL-:~vn ~~rr~~'IJ'Wflltl~11~tJYI1~

•

n V11 ~un nMVJ VilJ 1a tllJ LlJ M'Yi 1::-u fl 1'11tn~

c1(

'Yi1::Mflt'f'Wl~1::~'WlJl'W l~.fl. edcid LLn::

l''l1::tl ~ flV11~fl1()~

Vi 1::'U 1lJ11t'f 1fJ11lJ 'U d

• ~

-41

11'1HJtlfJ'Wl'WLnnu &o u

un::lu Vi.fl.

.. "" .. 4>d~c1 ( fl~L U'UL 'Yi1 1::t'flJ L(;l~Yn::U11Jn~1

n11~Y1 ~a.

(L~lt'f11Jl'i1::U1)

, u~~~ Mm::um'l1n1~ ,~

Lt'f~,vnm•

~"'~ l Ul'Nfl11-

11" L (;111tl uu'l1a1~u1::Lt'11f., nan nu 'WLtl~) "'

"" ,

Yi1::fJ1qj 1~,~ (;IVJHtJ1fJ11~Ul'U l'l1lJ

Ll111::L'I1m1

LlJtl~'Yi1::um'l1n1~nu lnn

•

~lfJLL~u, VlfJlJ1nLn u,

tt"

...&.

u1nVJ~::un~n"'u

1 ~ -4 "' .I "' '11M ~1n u1::Yiu tltJYI LlJ n~ U1 n1tu

11"

.. ..,

<i-.-4t:

t",

(n1t'f'Wf11) "II~Ln(;l1J'W1YI1lJLLn1 vn::n~fl d d .I .., t..\ -4 .., Ill ~ n Lt'f~~lJ lu 1::VJ UtlfJVl LlJ ()~ ~~ 1lJ 'IJ() 'U LU 'UVl

The Khmer Empire · M.C: Subhadradis Diskul Khmer archite ture of Angkor Vat,

con idered a th founder of the Khmer

942 ) , King Rajendravarman ( 944968 ) moved it back to Angkor and

thi

time dedi ated to Vi hnu in teaa

empire. He came back from Java and

founded the ance tral temple of Orien

iva.

reunited the country together a

tal Mebon ( 952 )

by the

King Jayavarman ])

(802-850 )

well

e tabli hed the cult of Oevaraja. or hi

important

ucc

or one can

During thi

( 961 ) .

period the beautiful

temple of Banteay

who built the ance tral tern pie of

founded.

Prah Ko( 79) and the De a raja temple

Angkor wa

King Ya ovarman

the De.

varaja anctuary of Pre Rup

mention King lndravarman ( 877-889 )

of Bakong ( 81 ) .

well a

1050)

re1 ( 967)

was

The next powerful king of Suryavarman l

who wa

more or le

Khmer kingdom wa

oon

pacified

and united by Kmg Jayavarman Vll

( 1181 - circa 121 ), the Ia t great monarch of the empire.

He built the

( 1002-

new capital

a u ur-

a many Buddhi t an c tuari

Angkor T horn

ell a

the

( 89-900) after having erected the ance tral an tuary of Lolei ( 893 ) moved the capital to Ya odharapura

central part of the pre

in cription

in to the central part of Thai land .

or the town of Angkor where he built

di covered at the town of Lopburi.

Aft e r thi period the K h mer kingd o m

at the centre of the city the Devaraja

Suryavarman II

declined until Angkor T horn wa cap-

temple of Phnom B kheng.

again u urped the

Though

tran ferred to Koh

Ker by King Jayavarman IV

( 92 -

land a

power into the

taken

per.

the capital wa

He extended hi

In 1177 Angkor wa

ham navy by u rpri e but the

nt-day Thai-

evidenced by hi

( II 13-after throne,

again t the kingdom of built the mo t

renowned

1145 ) fought

hampa and Devaraja

king deeply p rofe Buddhi m.

IIi

Mahayana

power al o expanded

tured by the Thai army from Ayudhya in 1431.

rt~ •

U~H1fll.tlA.rtH P "'

rq Ln. Lrl.t-Uitrt n.L.Ll " ~ I• I• II Y.. rtt\11.1 lllrtrtaUrta1

-111::lA.UL~U1fU L HLa

;> "'

t-Lfla Ill Lilt rt.t.tlHU Lfl M..tlA. rtt- fl rtU L ~U a f1

I":

flt~~.LllA.Ulrt

ill

rtan.art1Lt::L.tM.1 fua~11~H111tlrt~ rtrtt-art1 t I I I ~ ,.. t-Ill lA f1 n.m rtt- tUH.t lJ tt::.t t.\Ua 1.11.t L U ~'!"!:>~

•

" .,.

U::\111

Url.HlA.

J:'

.tu ~L ru

...

,.t-a"'

L\.t-~

l ,C •

.tLU ::.tf1rll~H lllH lflt~ rt.Ll:; L rt H 1

rtlt-an. rtUfl llt::L.t 1.1.1

fl~1

,.;

...

,..

J:'

•

J:'

op .tlllrtll.ll U o~ IULrt::.tf1f\lltfl.n.LJJUt::lA.t-an. ...

,..

"',.

11'

,. I'

't'

!Jt-a ::.t t.l. I'

/0,..

t-an. lltl.t tlA. t

,..;a,.

'!"I

aIll

t-tlliWLJJUt::lA.

"!'

•

,..

J:'

t-Il> ttn. ~~ n.rtlrtllt-jlrtUG.tHU U.tt.l. 1 .tn.lrtJJ ,.,.

"'"'

t-ar'tlllltt.tn.ttlila::l.ltt~, t-an.lb~JL JJLmlltrtil. , . .. ' "' 0,. ltHttaU ,..,. -I

lA.f\rt.ttfllltl~t::.tt.WrtJJL

,."' ,. " ' t\Jiortil.ruirttlt bl.tLU.tbl.IHUblt::tn ~ ~

... ~ attHt t-fltit uaa ttt::lll UlA.t- L lA. na t-lbttll t U t' nat-a rtt t-lll rt .t t ~Jt-a:: .tt.l. -rtttt.nn.t rut t .tn.

'!" "'

•

"'iC

HlA.fl ~~n.rt::l.111

lllA.I.lrl.U t-al.l!J ~aJJ lA. rtHlt-artt t-llllA.L Ht.,.,.

'II lA.M.rt.ttfllltlll11

t-an.uaa tt t::lll UtA. 1\L~t-LL\.na tAt- art t n n.,

rtlll rt.t t t-tl.lH .t !Jtt ::.tt.l.t-an. .t 16 .Ll L U Ill t:: .t rr " 't' I' I" ttttt-~ ttlfl.t~aflrtrl.!HUIA.::I.111 lllt,U.tn. ~"'Iii ,. .. o trtt u::.tt.Ufl.1t-an.run.Ut.a lA.L.Lll.tf1 t-L.tJJ "

-fufu.Llttrl. tf\1.1 tU L n.t~aiHl.l~M.HLU!Jt-a::.tM.

nt~~~ ~a.tilarwt-JJHlt-n~~.::~tA. ~uiR.tUt /IIIIo!

f\1\lt 1.trl.UQrt

uaat-arttfllflfl!Jtrtt UfU.ttliiU 'P tL.tUa ,..

J:'

't"f' .. "'

Lrt rtli!M. rl.1 tt M.~ rl.lll11 iC

f\f\~4.La1rtt.t~t

f\rl.tl~

Lrtalllt-lllH.t!Jtt::.tM.t-a.tlJUf\lA.rl.tlllRU

...

uaa M11 U.tU ~LIIlLalltL.tt-an.llln.1 L1\ll a p

" .. ~o~,.

,..

L tt~ artY1 ~~ fl11.1J.l.tUl

"'f>o"'tl

t-n.l L f1 rt11 t-LlA. Lrt Lfl.1lA.~1::lA.

.a,

UL~I.1U1 t-LHflalA.~~rtr\1

J:' .

rt!JL rtrtlHLUt-LllU flrtUrt rl.1f11\lt 1.tn. t-U.Ul. I' !:> " -m .1.11.11 ::tA. rut 1.tn. rtL nnm.tw t- ~

-LalltL.tt-an.t-L UU flf\Uf\ tt::U::L.tW Lfl::.t M. -L ~1L f\ rt11 rt Ut-ll f\~rtl f\ ~flt1Lfl.1 Ua L\.1 UL ~ " 11 ' "' ,.. "'

(newe:> ~U!Od) Lrtfl.1t-alltt-lltt~llllrtallltll.1 I

~~f\ ~

tiJ11~1 f\Uflt~Ln.1::1.1tt~1

Ill

.,..

t:!UlJ ~ ru ~ ~,

nut.nG ~

rt~~UrJ~QLll~Ji.::!L~~,~~LU

L't,~IA~l!6n~~M ·-·y

AJO)U:>:>

p:n:>:lJ;~

041 Ul

:>q 148!w 1t:41

J;M\01 Ull)W :l41 JOj 1d:l:>X:l

'ruurlluo :>Ju 1U:lW:>(:l tt:JOl:l:l114:lJI: :141 JO !SOW '1St:;)41JOU WOJj M:l!/\ (t:!J:lV

t-QULI"LU.LJJL.t[\ ·•

DIW.l

SOO(Olf

·( 188)

'8UO"JC8

lCSt:Jd

tALI.l.L.trtlj I" ~llrtl.lG rt1 'lt \" l tA::& rtGR. o

I:'Grt1lutl~L t\f11!l::.ttU11t\M II> 16 ,. ,s I" nL.tLntt L nu1LrtL nu~~o~:-aulj .... ~ p 16 ... t\UGG11:' JJ::&u UHnLJJL t\ rt11t\, 16 I It "

Lrtn~::.t ttt~~llntH::.trtLGtJtu.w

~:-.t~

16 10 I 11> I n~1 t\G~ tAt\, L t\t\Uij11~L 1\o.t L U L Hlbn U 11

~"a

.tLU nmnL .tLnnn 11t\LtA::tflUll..tL u u.t ~

~JJtAt\nllt\.t,

l:'llf\1

II ..

ill

t\~t\li.Lllo::tfl

Hllol.t to

tALJJL.t nf\, L t\1:' JJ 1-4. 11H.tt\nlt\Ut\LJJ::.tn I" "'16 I I ~ ... I" rtLtA ::.tn u11. nn::.t li.L tArtan. nun arm 1rt, I"

1 lo

II>

L rtuuan~il.tl U U.tli.Lttt\~tllloi:'GIIot\Lf1NH $

!>-iS

~~1

t\tJJ

..... ~~~

.. to

h,slt 1 1o

nt~ ,s

Lt\LtAll.tlrtLJJ::&I:'&t\t\t.4.

Lrttllo1Lf11.H4., H' rn

U1::tALt\t\Uf1f1::t~&

~:-a~

u nu tn~1 ::run. rt L

,spto

nLn::.t.tLUU.tRo' 1:-Gitll:'&

... - .. It

IAI\lt1.tf1ft' nGt\t\~4.Utt.t '!> ltl ..

u1::tA .JJUGG L rt I • 16 1:-11.1 L t\rt11rtUf1L.t i

rtLR.t\UI:'.tli\I:'LtA "

rt L rtLtA::.t flURonn::.t ~Ln..uu rt ~~1n~rti2H 11 . rt L n..ntAI:'GR.rt ~Htt.t!l n.tL a::L.tt.4. 1 ttH ~ .

UL&lrt.tttn.t1rtGR.Ltl!l, rt, f1Gii\Lijl-4., l:'n.tLU

-..

1 "lo1 lo o fC lo to ~GUii\n~11:'1.~11::&

LRotU t\t\nL.tLnnn::.t

t\G~1

F UGt\UL&Gii\

"'It

II>

rtli\1t\Q~1 p

"1> rlGUii.Uii\

II>

t\l Jrt::& t\ t\L ~rt.t .t !1 rtl ltll t::L.t M.1 "'

';I

1:' U11 ~U

.. ..

'!"

t\11 lt\LtA ::.tn URo f1 n:: t f1 UI:'G rt 1 1:' t1 ~

t\1'1111:-L ttl U rtt\flU 1.t 1 H .tJJ.tLU

"'It

.ttJt\::tt.4.

I:'Grt11:'GIIolil' l:'ntl1UGG t\t ::ltl ~lAI:'LtAnU1.t 1

I:'Gft1 Ill II>

"" ,.

rlGLrti:'Grt1nLn~1 ( ~co-p'»-OIZ\"1>&) II>

T\rttttlAt\ GL&1::.tM. ..

!CICio

o~-pe ·~·t.l

-..

f1tt' ~ It Lrt ~G I.lli\

l:'tUH .tljtt::tM. rut 1 tn nat

n~l

na I

~:-a

Iii

11.Gii\f1~LIJrtllillb.t&1rtLWrtlltlfl, UGG

1:'& .,

r·"'

.....

I:'Grt1nLflR.GtHI:'GrtHll fltLUHL LtA t\LUI-4. 1 11> !l' !l' ,S tC o It I I:'G rt1.tLU & UlfU~11:'LtA~t\HLUGR.fl~l ..

ttL RoL GtA mtJI!llltt L L ttrt.JJ::JJ L ttf1U11:'LG iC ~ IC~)l l p I G.tH nL.t Ln nn::.t RoL ~ 1 rtGII.tA Ut 111:-.tlj t\111 ~HnG "'

nt~na.t

It '

n~1 oart~im~ rttAtt nrtH tttt\L & nnm.ttA ... ~~~

U.t 11:' ~ LR.1UQIA11Ut 1.tf1f1Q.ttflt\H1

rt::U11 "'

·u•n1unow nJ:>wnc:: JC:>qoqw,<s :>lJl puc npUI If WOJJ S:>l!JOW:l 11

I>WlJJ8C!P SOW

' WJOj ~lJn1:l:l l!4 :1J C :>Jnd J:lW4)1 1SJIJ :HIJ.

"(£68)

JO'!l!UV 'l!U:l4'1C8 WOUljd 1CSl!Jd "l

•

t-tQ"r.YM.::r.IA t-~11Lf'\1111.1AlUUUfl ·~

" wt U. tt.rcttllJL,LU't:L n::tM.Ii" tU. 'tl.~C'@UtLI't:LttlL.It.tfl::tM.C' tU.f':lllti!RU p

'II)>"""'

't\.Utll ~nl. @1:''11.~ '11.@ 'tl.rt 1L ITo 1C'@ttl C'U.::~ 'tl.lll. 1tU lll.L 'tUL@ l't:ttn.U.::~ n "'

....

l.o

::1

'11

Ill.~ 1L~ ~~l't:@!To tl.~1111 ~tl. LtJL,Ii"@IToC'@ ~1tLUC'LU.lll.L 'tl.L~~"'~!To

JL,LttU. 1!U.,..~ijLU::tfl

llt~~U't\.rl. 1'11.1To~t-@::t.M.L 'tl.flLUtaltl't:ITo 1tt1Lflrt~UC'LU. tl.~1 LD J;, I .... ""

)> ........ "'

't\.@ULflLtJL,t-@IToU 't\.L talJL,Lt '11.1 rmll~1U.t-'11.11l.~t-@::t.M.I't:@ ITollLJL,Llll.WI.tttlLU@l~n. 1~ Ill. o

...,

Ito

1..

'11

'II

llt~t-~ '11.@ @Ut-@ 1LtJL,~@ITolll.L ti.L@ "''

,t)

;!>(!)

~~t.tt~ij.!IU.Mil,!lttl n..~11; m~1ti.,Utll~1::mrro t1. t~,

1:-'tl.lll.::ll::trc@!To@ '11.~ 1ll@ 1:'@ fl1tLU 1:-LU.lll.L 'tl.L@ fCC'@ t~rt@t~UtL fCLtalLtJL,t-U.::.t.U tl.lll. p

<tO

!:'~@ 11'11.@ ~l't:@lfoi:'@!Tot-,~L~ ~ t L~

Urt::~ ttl! 1::~ 11L1"::~ tl.lll.1@~ b

'11.ttall:'@tal'l1.r1.1U@@Uil11U~11~1 l't:@lfoi:'@ITotU!ll.L 'tUL@ I LD '11 k "'

W(!)

U.~ttt~ij.!IU.M.IlL~f1tLt

, ,t 'Yl!W.J1 ,

vHJ~ 1

t ..

•

t: 1tl

'UVlJn~::n ~u 1

u1nv

, .I

LLIJlnLL'IJ'U~VVn t

n~::~Ynmn::~mniu .1,

l'lllJt'l 11H'Yluvn

eli,

...

\J1~t'11'Un 'I!'Yltl~'UI~1

'1!1tJ1::mvmv

~ -!. • lJ11 1tJin 1TI'YIIlJ

" ..

tl~ 111 t'ltJ'UlJ'U'U1~ el

1nunmn ~'Yl>lt'1'U -4 t: llJ v1::u 1vu 1vvn

fioo x cnooo llJIJ11 ,

t: , ,

b n 1un nU1flnLlJIJ11 tit(

tel, ..

u1n ~:: 11TII'U1t'1tl'U1'UtJ~1111t'11'Yil~1::1fl

...

IJl v~1nu u n 1 11n '1111Jl1lJ ~ 11 1~ TI1~'UtJ~~u

(.I

t'1tl'U1U11t'11'YllJ1ntJ~

\Jltli'UM~'U \11(1-l

. " 1Mnvvn'111Lnv~1;u1

mi'1;~

mllJ111 1t'11'Y1'1vt1lJ'UIJl; ( 11'111..-l)

, 1

c-.~.fl. 'l<icnll-

Vi1::"1tl t'111lJ'U ,

•

'VlHtJ 1tl llJMlJ1VtJ 01 Vi1::'Ufl1

11cidcn)

..,

11t'l1-1i 'UlJ ~~lJ 'U

., ...

ln::tJ-lfl1H1::1JlJ~~IlJ tJ~ t

PI 1lJ II lJU LL ~'U'U V~'U tllJ 11\JI 'Utl 1tl'U'U 1~ Vtln ol

,tl vn b I'Y11m

'U'U1~'1lV~lJ111tJPJ::1u" J .. , t~ !ltJn'Vll~1::V~fl~~nn~'U'UlJ'U'U1~ 11doo x

cn~oo

Vi1 VlJn'U 'U 'Ul~1:: tl~fllt'l tln

llJIJ11

..,

" .I " 'VlflLLU~'Vlfl

,, ...

IV 1 I 'U1 Vi'UlJ 1J1 llfl ~I lJ'U I'U1 vt1::n llJ1 'Utl~

f1 ~ LLlJ 1 1fl\JI 'Utl~ Vi'Y111 ~ :;lJ ,vn::1 v v~

un::rnH1111t'11'Y11J111fi~uu

LLflniJIH tl~nn'UtJ-lViHHlJWlJ1n LLI'Inv~

vt1::um ..,

, ~

Vi 1:; lJIJI a 1 'Utl~ Vi ~::tJ~fl Jl .. .. .1, al .. ... J l'i1::1~1'11tJ11lJ'U'Vl ci IJI~PI'U11J'Un\IIJ11tl

( ll<icicn -llcibci) t

•

IJl~llJtl~tltJ

flJ llJtl~ 1n1:: LLnl

11N~1n

vt1:: um 11tl1-l '111m~ 'V1 fll'l:: 1 u nvn IUtJ~"

...

•I

e./

...

111'Utlu1::lJ1W bo nhllJ\JI1

t'11H1J111tl

(Rahal) 1~1;

1::111n

(

el,

Vi.fl. llcid~-•&:u) nvvunnulJ1 "' J , vv 'Yll~ 1::-um 11rn~ vn -.·n::tJ-lf1 n1H t.l;1t'11'YILLJuniJ1::1"'uvvnu n:; 1111n 1'Yl u .I

~&:cici)

111

(II&:U-

...

l'i1::v~fln1 H1111t'1 1'V1VilJ1'U .I

•

n1mfl un::u11t'11'YIP11LLn1n1uHu~ 11M "'

~1nlJ m1~n~ 11'111-lfli MlJ

...

(ll&:ci&:-il&:dcn)

...

vtl::l~ 1n1v-

.. .1,

1llJ'U'Yl 11

• J,

tl1'YIIJitJ1~fl~ 41

.....

lJ n 1 nnlJ u lJ u 11 ~ 1 vt l::v 1111vumf'11•

J t vn::V~flf11tl>ll1'11Vtl

11'nlJ11'11 t

...

1 "'

.. .

... J_l .. vtl:tJ'U'Vllul:'Vlu

nn1~'Utl-l nnlJH1tJV~ t

vvuuvv~nnHn ~n ~ t'11'U'V111~1Jl1tmu1t'l r.";. ... t . .1, 41. t

'Vl~ n ~ :11 ':: 'Ylu vv u u vv~ 'V1 mn o 'YI~ HlJ~ ttl

d""

...

fl~~ 1nvt1:v 'U'Yll n~lJ11 'Yil'i ~ 1u1u n 1lJnu J .I .. , t 41 ... J t'11lJV~flul:'VllJI'I !llJtltJ 1Hu v·m::v 'U'V11 'l , aj l\ II <l.o " o1" o1 ol

'U'U UllJ'U'I!uvn'Vln111'U~~1lJTI'Yl'llnlJv lJ

•

.. ,

-41

cnrf 1J el

'111tlt'111~1\JilJU11t'11'YIIJI1 LLn1 ~'U LLT\1 1n l~

t .. til alt<l. '111 ~ 11 en~~ nn 11u v1~~:: 1uu '1!1~'Y1111::-

"...

. ,

lJlt1~l'UJ'YlliJI N '1 fl'U'U11~'11

LLH1'U

Llt'Utl

'l "' ~ ,. t c:l .I, t 'U'UlJ1tJ mu UH1~t'llJ'Vll i 'Hqj 1U'U'YIIJI ~'UV~ "' "' 't ol l!l<i , 1m::m 11n 1m:: LLIJII'I:m11u lJH1-lV 1w1t

.1, ,

(region of space) tltli'llt1~ ~1u

I'UIJI ...

.1,

\JitllJ1 'Ut'1lJtl'l!tJ11lJ'U'Yl &:

•

'VI ci t<l.

tel~

•

n I'll 11 ~ ~n n t tJlJ 1'U1Vi1::n llJliU'U 1111~

11 I 'I!'U 'Y1111lJ"'u 11'111 V1t'1'U V~'l!.,tl11lJ"'u .1,

.1,

IJI !JlJ 1ltMt'1lJtJVi1::1 ~ 1lt1\111lJ 'U'V111'U ~

oil

t1 vvv 1~1~ v1nu11 1'U1vt 1:n llJl'UtJ~fluv

vv~I'U 11 uun 1fl qJ t .. ..

tl41

'Vlfl iiJitl tJ'I!lJl'i 'Y1111~ u LL ~ u lJ'U \IV 1::uu .. l!le~" 4 • J ~ n l1 1i)'U n I lllJ tJ 'U l::lJlJ'IJ V Hi l1 lllJW 41

ttl

nm1t1 tJlJ mu l'i-lHu1myn !llJ l!llJL uuu u1

n~'Y11v"IID t -4 , 41 I Vi 11: :;u 'UilJtl'UtllJt'1lH UJtl-l'Vln tel , 0 c:l ~ fll ~ n ~::IJltJ~ n 11tu~1 'U1 \'il::n llJ1 1u ultn n 41

....

nt'IHilJ!l~'ll'UnfJu 'l!tJ1llJ'U'Yl 1. l'l!nL'U1 ...

.. .. J tyqj nn'llw

nlnum'U1~1~11J'Un

•

v u'Yinl-

·.. ~ ll .., lJ u nl N 1111 n1V1u1 nv~'Uu 1u u u nu 'IJV-l

(a:>edS) tAl I:'Gil.rlULGrl~lrlLI.l~&r.LUt\11.1 "

~rt"' ......

l:'lb ,..

"(98II-I8ll) JOl(lluy 'l!UUJS 4UJS ·~I

Hl1"tYt\::tt.t HJJ11::tf,) 'J>•

rtrt11nrln.t::.r.~&tLULtUUUltLUftl11

,..

•

rlt.~I:'L tt-Qil.QIUtlAtllSLQI:'GII.lliU.UtU -'

p ,.

I ,...,.

rtlt~::1.111 (a:>eds) I:'Ltt-Gil.t\1 M.UG~ll.t\M. ' '1.,. ap,. - rt U LU Ll.HG I:'L tH ::t II. M. f.Ht U ftl 't lS lA t\ t\ 1 I P'"'" '!--' Ltt\GUrlJ.11rtlfttt111tl &~L~I ,..,.

ftr.LUUUH

lil

p -'~

rtLWL lAG~!:' &l..t- l.lHI\ rt It L lSL QI:'Q~~rl GI::U

•

"' ,.

Itt Jl t\11 II:' lb 1119 ::.r. n rll l.ll9t 1.1 11 UtL ~l Gl:'tlA .,•

j:>

\> ,.

•

ftt11,.U&~ L"~lrtLWL~f\V~::L.r.M 1

Ltii:'G~

M.L 11 ttU. rtG~ rt.r.tu rl~f1LilJ.1rii.lUttL ~LRUU

• I' ,..

.r.LUI:'tt\1 Ut\ULrtrllSIM.lSlAI:'Uttrttrtl l:'rl ~,. I" I~,. ttnrmnL~ .... a:>eds JO 3Jn1:>3li4=>JV 1t ,. ,... o r" · " LtUnttlA M.U trl ~l H rlQ rt.r. tU rl~ 11 L llll I ,.. '!' ,. ,.. I .. ,

"'!",.

M.LI:'&~L~1rtLWrt

CBj~t-n lAIUtt~Ull.lAf.t

.,.

,..

11. ~J.lUII:'}IJU J:f\LllJ.l::'-111 rtG~ U !_\f\ L ll J.lL ~ 1\rlft rlrll,UIJtUl I:'Q 1rtQ~I:'QI\.1:' UWU Lfufutrt

~·

... ,...

,..

t-LnG rtHl 11.11. tt ~ 1:' G~ rtt.r.U n~ 11LllU lS t.r. U I I \i .. p -I:'L tUL t\~Mlltl rtLJJ UrtQ~Il\11 rt111:'Grt1 tl

·~

nl91t\QUL&LrtLnlAtlSttlSlA1 ..

trtlt.lSI1trtQI\.

-.,-.,II

,..

UUli:'GI\.I:'ttHI:'UH II full ~l:'rl1Artt.r.un~f1LUU \"

ttl11 L t~1

':"'!'

::&l'lSl'rlU ttl Ull.Ltl tftlll'llt\ t\l'l9 ,.,..

... ';l

lAttlA 11 ,..

f\~ LM fuH ltttJ.lttiRL.t Lito ::.t f\G II\ I! f-:lrl t tt "'•

•'

-LG GG1 Nt lAlALt tll1 L ttl.lLU!llAM. t1.&11L .t ll\

•

n t\ rtG 1\.I:'GI\. rtt tU rlll\ f1L lliJ

.,..

l'tllo Ll.lt lt\111 111\tl.lll Ulftlrt rlQ t\1-\ 1~ tlH 1 I ~'"" t' p f\1 rlll.lljUIUftHLtM.I11111

M llt\&1:'1.1 l:'l.lLU 1\QG tU11 rlQ NlLU

~~ rtl LftUGG::I.lf11:'rlU~11 ftHI 1\Gtnlu.t.l " loa ill ,. pI t ~ ,. ,. 19 nt- U.t L UI:'G~ftlSl' l.ll'GI\.Ml Lftlfut ttLlA::.r.n I> 'I" " ,. "" I. -Uilol1rt::.tlALIJL.t[\l'L U1.r.LUUL& R.tttll\U

t\1111:'\S l:'rlU r.l1&l\ 11 t\ ~ l:'tUH t lSI\ ::.r.M, 1:-G ftl

'""''"

nt~l:'ftHI:'H IIU L rtrt ll.U llolArl t 1L l.llrt 1:' IJH 11 " ,.. I ' ,.. !'I

'""

~iJIAn lfl trt&rt IJUGMLUUL

lilt r.r.rt::1.111 -.. UUL~U11

,.o

•tel"

ttGGrtGI\.1:-GMt~I:'J.llll I

I,C

LIA

,..o

tt119tti:'LrlG

I. o

t-tUllttstt ::u.t ~n.r tt

Wl,fM· 11 rl~ 1LIH rt ~t

lllllAI1rt::ttt~I9~UrtLW 11

•

I:'LtU

lit

ro:a

.•

j:> P

::U.i.ltLU

...

~u L rtM.t ttL ~

1.11119' rtt uun -' 111 1 ~

1.,

~tl:'rtl\.lt'L rlGI:' LL 11 ftLIA

rtGII.l'GI\.rtlSI:'U ,.

~.tlSl't~lftLW ,.

ill

P;>

(ttlrlLHrt)

-!l.lAt.tt\1111'\~ULU::.tf\ ~

rtL~1

191

t1 "'•

•"'

rlt1LUUtt-rlnGUH1 l rlllHt Lt\L\~1 11Lt~~11 ": • I 11\,. 'l'f'" ~ I rtll.Uilorlt 1LULrtl:' UH 111\1111tl\t~l\::tMI:'Grt1

...

lilt 1ti1::LtM.1 rlt~LrllA Wt lttllL~nU~rtJJ .. " ... ... " p rtLW LRU t.r.LU 1\111 U ftGI\.I:'QI\.1\LlA ::.r. riUII. ,.

.r.Lunl1::t t- tta.r. L u::.r.rtu a

;.-

tiArtf.l1tULA.::tf\IA. L, t-IA 'I' 'I' ';l

1'-

191\.~~19~UUL M.I:'GII.t\rlt1ttftH ,. .. p l "" tU11rlJ.111.111trll.lH1 IS ,.. 1'-

IHl~tLU1111::.tLII.rtl tt~

t\~l:'l.ll U19LI\.Q rtl

tLUtLUI:'Qil\Ltti:'J.li:'QUtsnLtLI11tLIA::.r.nu~t.

ttli.Utti.!LU ...

~ ,,..,.

IA.t\ft.r.tnll.UL&

t\11\ l't.t 1tLU ::.t[\ rlLUHU~J Ill&.\ 1U L & L ft l'Q t\ 1

" ,..

11Ul'lS ttl' lA Ul:'tLU 1:' l.lttlrlt\HL M.ULUlllAM. ,.. \lll p ,. .. Gll 11ft n1 t\ H II. L t t lA I ll.lA U tt I L ll.lA t U ~ rt ll .. ,. It,. .,.,.l·~t,.

fuHI t\t.IJI\Il.Lilo::tn t\111 ~ lAttrtttrlllorlftJJ

•

, ..

,.. ,.

': ,.

l:'l.lHGftlLrtGII\ 19rlt~rl ttrllt\tUUIAI1GU "' .,.. I p "" ~~~ ~ I -::.tf\lSI:'GGft1G~I91 nGl'tLI9::& M.n.tlAI\G p .,.. I "ilia o )t p,.. ... rtl~Utl I:'LrlG Ll I

11rl11l'LtiJl'tlSll111::.r. "

.r.~rt1Ul Ul'L.tlll\

ttlS 1\l U ftt t MlLrt::.tf\ I:'G ftiUf.t rtlAN 11\1 fu.t& 1

-' l 1 I' tLUrtl1::tiA l., I:'IA. ~~ rt~lt\LlA::.r.nu~t.tLU 'l',:l -'lo'"' I' 1111:: t L RU} 1:' t L ~ LU U L t f\1:-LIS.tJ.l f\ tttll.L A.::.r. f\

flGLU Hl.lAIJQ ll19 rl

.. ,.

....

"'"' "

ooo~t

IULrt::tf\t\ULlAlAGttlrtrtG~

...

,..

Ltt LlArtGII.HI LlArtQ~ I:'G~ L t\UUI1Uln 11:: t o IS~ 0 l "' P 1:-Grtl.tLU ::1.111 LttJ.lLU~lSUL&I:'.t~rl19l Lft191 It I .. IS , tAfu ~L Jli:'L rlG & U rcR.tU II:'LIA 11\llf-:l.tLUrl &&11 ,.,.o I.,._

'-'

,.,.

ttrtlli\Ltt. U11t\ll\~11Lfttl IJU~I 1:'~ p> l I " 1\ I I ""''" I:'G rtll:'lAI:'Grtlt-GI\.1:' JJttl\..tLU::U 11 \1-';l

\1-

ftlH ft rtlS.tLU ttLt-nLn. t\111 U ttL Ul<i. 1L t\t' U I ~ PI( I l I 1:-GI.l~ttUtrl~l::IUII.ttl ~J.H\Uftl I:'LrlGt'Ltll\ ,. ,.. ~ '«' ~ I -L~ll111:'Ltftf1tt\UI:'Cli\1G~lAL ttl:' JJI:'GUlS I j:> ': .. I 'f'" l I

nL.r. L 11111"\::.t ftl ~rlG 1:-ll\IA.lAL Ill .t [tnt ~f\ 1rt~l I

1:'&1:'Qft11:'lAI:'Grt1 ...

';l

';J

'f'"

".,

fuHI IUttU&I:'GI\.Mllrt.t[\

II-

t1.111LI\.1 ttUrtt.r.lA I., rlGrlrlti\HM.G ft.IJ 1ttl11

ro "

.,.

•

.ro

rtG 1.11:-M Ill UL tt~rt

1:' &l:'l.lH::I.lll\111AL J.ll .r.n "''"

•

1\L rc t\ II. 11~ L IJ. ftl Ill UQ rilt-1.1 rlQ ni9U\II.lALU ';l

,..~· 1

-L.t[\rlt~I1G.trtGI.lt.l.l11

Ul.lHI\11111.Lll:: C.f\

"" IC'

ll"

tAL UL.tri ~Grl rt ::& ttl IJ.H IIAL IJL .t ri t I',..

1',.

,..,.

... "

.,../0

HUL&RU11lALLlltftt-L.tU

lAttrt.ttRtH ,..,.

•

ttllo1 nt.I9Lrt l., Qll\ljl'G::tU.l'GIJ.UlALUL.tri 1 " 1 p I' tt 11111\ .r. M. .t.r. 11lA L JJ L .t f\ l'L t J.ll' rl U ttL IJ. H 1 " ,. P.,lt I rlGl'G rtll'GII.t-LUU rlt\ Uttl1 11:'\S

rlt~RU 11\11

p .. ,.

t\tt ';l

f-'1"

II-

It ,..

. . . ,.Ill>

t't~l'GJJ::I.ll1rlQ M.l'L rlQ 191 ';l fto. " I "~

Grt1L tllll rt::.t[\

~11~ tttriUtlALUL.trit-UU "' IA.ttrt.tt I' I'" 'i"'" -rlll\lAnlAG ULULGI\LftMt'L.tU J> lAt\rt.ttrlllo

...

L &::tnttl11 rlG11UU::11 10 • I' j:> I '"'!' rlGtrl 1.11 UGGL lS t1.1.11\111l' UttUQ UH 1tl 1\oftl'

""'M.~Ut~ftl " ooo'oJ>• ... ~ .... ~ """~ MlLrt::t[\19ftHI:'lA

rtGI\.

~~ tLII.~I.lf-:llltlrtLU~11

.r.tstt::tt.ti:'GrtltA::Mln.tt~ ~"lAR.r.ttll\Ull.lAf.i.

ttlt-H 111MIUU lll.t L rtLU rtl Ut U 1111 U1LII.lA.tU p 1 lop -' f> ,.

~L ~ttll.Lilo::t f\G rtm lll\11

\1-

j:>

1:' rll:' lS11LI1rttlM.LftGil\n ftl.ll\ l rlt. ~tt ttl l.llll 1 '" '"P "IJI rl.tll\rtUl'GII.Il\.tM•.r.tf1LtLUL.tf\ttrllll.l ttl UH 1

p .. ,.

It,.'

(:»"

lALUL.tf\ l'tUIH tsn::.tM.l'LI.lU rltt Utt111 .. p ~ l'lS11LI1rtttMLI\.1Uilol ttrt.tt.LllntttU t'Gft1 "~

II-

Ll'l'n::m1 VlmHJD1fiU I I " " " .-\ c:J I tJ' I ~ U'U'lltl-111-1 "" lJ\Jil11'UUflt'llJfiU'UVUlJlJ ~

., q

<1.1

.. ,

tlfl 1ZVI U11 U'll1-li'IUU'I'l1 HlJ 1Zt'llJ flff1lJ 1'Jt1

n11 1-ll'l1U1n1fl

, d. I 1 .\I t'I'J1~U-lflu1Zfloi'UU1f1l'J LUVI1H

.,,

'IJ'I 1 VI'IJt)-lV11 1 -lVIt'l t) lJ 1U'UI'l1rllJt)-l

•

.,,,

•

uqpll11D-l'l'lfluunm

~41

ff llJl HI~ fllJ 1'1 'IJt)-1 U1 fll'J l'lllJ 11 'U1 11'U '1'1 .I ., ~ .:1 ~ ~ ., u1Zt11tlnU11 'U11'l-1L'U'U'IJ'UI'IU'U 'l'l-lU1flU

mu1r·1m::tnu

~U'IIU-1 )I

11-11 Ht'l 1U U lfiVI f111lJ -1~ ~1lJ1\J l'l1UlJfiU ,

mu VIHI'lZ1UI'lfl11tJn'lln~11~ (space) ,.j., <i 'l'lt"l n 11 u _, mu n1 m1 11 t'l:: 1n1:: 1uu n u '11U _, _," -1 w I , ..!. I ~ nu LVI u 1n u111 fl 1 -lt111~'1'11Hmn lm-1

...

t'11 1~U1fllfl (spatial structure) <J! ~m1 1

wdwtl

nun 11 uu nmul'lu m1lJ1 1lJ t'll..lu nu-li'IU-1 0

....

""'

fll'U~tH'I1t'lflnl1U Uti ..

Vnl111ffVI-lt)t)fiV11U1YI1'U'U " ~ I " .I l'l1lJf111lJ~1 -1 1'1-1111'11 1 mn 1-1u 11ff1'1'l ,

l 'l1:: Lfi~'U() _,tJ-,Tf'! 1'1'l'Ufi11VI'll1-11ZUZ11tn ... Jt d 1J1ZlJltUl'1 fll'l11'Jl!U U-lfllJ 1Zflt)'IJ'1Jt)-l ~

-14

tHll'UI'ltlfi'J1lJlJt11lJff1ULmy., 1'1'11U'U flO ~

Ill. U-lfi1J11rf1VI I

...

(tower)

..,

.0.

-1

~ZlJfll'JL1JMU11'1!1~flt)tJ1-l 1 {)l'IJIJltl-

11n:: m.1Hl1fiVI

<4.,

101,.

11 WI U 1 n 1 1 'IJ t) -1 t1 fl1 'U 1'1 U n 'J1lJ 'IJt)lJ Vl1U ,. ... I~)/ 01 ..!. I 1 I Iii I I Lfl1t'lt'ILtllJ'IJt)t'l~lfll'lY1U1riU 1~11 LlJ11

(terrace)

'JZL'UU-1 l!'JU'll1'UU1fll1

e>.

U 'UI'l-1 111'lt1lJ tll'l1Z Lfl ~U() -ll'llJ U 'U1VU w"' \.l""" .. I ~. w o 'U fl1'111n11LVlt1ULU1u111'11'1'1VIff 1fl(\l~ 1U1U ., cj., .!.I cd. 11M 1'UUI'l111VIU'IJM~1t~YI1¥1UI'l1lJ 01 ,ci<C I -4 Uflt1lJU 11 t'IZ11 t'IVI~ Ll!L H'U{) -lfl111'ltl1 U 0~

11 1'1 Vl1 u n -1 fl tJ 1 :: n n u 1rw -1 1'1'1 1H 'II n lJ n

q_,l,ll

1J11ff1'1'1~1U1'U •d. '11t'l.,-l lJVI-1 1'1 0 \Jtl

...

tJ 'J1t'11Y1Vl'JZ Lfl

1J11

l 'l.fl. •d.~ll!

nlJ"'uvn:: Lfl

•d. ill d.

n lJ"'u vn:: 1 fl

l'Lfl. •d.O'lb

t'llJU'U111fl-l

l'l. fl.

•d.d.O'l-b&.

fflJU'U111fl-l

l 'l .fl.

•&.d&.

n lJ"'u 11 tJ .,., tJ

Rfl. • •ct.od.

t'llJ.,tl11 tJ1;tJ

IN. 1J11 1'1'11JUY11Uff1

Vl . fl. •&.•o

t'flJU'UUY11Ut'11

d. tJ 'J 1t11'1'1Vi lJ 1U U1fllfl

VLfl. •&.n-•&d.d.

t'llJUUUYllUff'J

l'i. fl. •&.II!O'l-•&.&.b

t'llJV1fi1U-l

-.~.fl.

•boO'l

t'llJ.,U'UllJ1U

\J11t11Y1Ufl 'J1 Vl

Rfl.

cb&b-•bdO'l

fflJVUfl'J1VI

.~., .

\J'J1t11Yll'lWi1'HlJ

Vl.fl. •IN I., d. -•!Nb J.,

t'llJUU1UU

•"~ ·

tJ 1111 1Yll'l 1Z'IJ'J1fl

l'Lfl. •INJ.,d.-•!Nbll!

t'llJUU1UU

.a..

tJ 11t'l1'1'l'U1UU

Rfl. •!NI.,d.-•!Nbl.,

t'llJt11JltiU

Q).

d.. &..

1Yl'U1flt)~

Rfl.

1J11ft1'Vll'ltllJ'U111 fi~ tJ 'Jlff1Yl'Uflll ot ~· 1fl1-l tJ

11ff1Y111lJ unl'l::1 unnn

b. \J1::t11Y111\JntJ

tJ 11 n 1YII'l111fl1

., .,

•o . tJ 11 rf1Yl'U11J1u

•••

....

..,

., ., .,

dc:l

....

.I,

t'llJU10H 'U \1~1tl'll U 1tJ UlJYiff VI

a·n 1ZU-lfl ~

tJ.,:: n n u ~ 1-1 ., 'IJ n -1 tJ 11 n 1 Y1 u fl 11"'V~ u u .:1 ..!.~ , , 1u u n _, VllJ lJ 1 11 n11 u n 1 1 n 1 1 _, tJ' 1 n l'Vl ~ f. I _, 01 1,. 1 , U1\J1U'I'l-li'IU 111'lfl1nVI~NLlUJ Lfiltl L'l!

.;.q

...

U-lfl tJ 1:: nnut1lJlJ 111 l'lLVllJ'IJD _, tJ 11 1ll'U m .,,

1VIU

,,;.,

fi11H'U1t'l1t'lflfl11

q~.\

t) fi'IJ'UliU ~

11'UU'Ul1J1U tJ

...

~'U'U11t'lfl-l!Jflfl t'l1 i'lfffll'l VI

ol I .J. aj n17YiWIU1 Wtl1-lYlt11lJLUU

[JtJ~'UtWUtllJ

\'17Htl71t'f1Y1Vl7::'U71fl aj

lJ1nnl'l1lJ

11UlJ1

l tl

<!.I

fl11~~~~~u~<~UU'\J1utl'lflu1::nuu

fll1fl tH11H "'

L't1 t1 u fl n 11 n u

YllJ1Utl1n1flLL n::IJ'I 1U n1

... "'

J., . fl11 ~H'IU'\J'\JUH\JnWi

(Diagrame-

"' '1 l,tl 0 ... H-ltl1fl17 LL '\J'\JU LlJ ~~ 1L ll'U n111Jl 1lJ "' <! .!. t1 "' <!_I "N 1 tJ Mfl tJ 1:: ntJUYliJ'I tl'l n11 ~ tl'lfl u 7::ww.ll

alI

nuu Llti'U1~1vnunv1<~fln UCJ1'\JCJ1Ull "'q

"'"'

-.l

lJ d

LU 'U tJ[J 1'1Hll ~'t'Hfl 1 1::'11 I "' ol aj .J. U\Jifl17~VIH-lll'\JUU~'U nl't'i ~:: L'\J'U tl1fl11't1 ... "' d.!. tl uun7 tlnqjqjn n'U OlYIIJ'I n<~m7utJnlJ1\JI7 -l '1

n nlJ1'!lt'IV\fl1'1

~:: l~v u uu u~u IJ'I1lJ ur-~um't'i m1fl 1u1w 4

...

H7UIJ'Itl'l fl1 1 fl11lJ n1::~ H 't!VIL u tl I 1.1 I .J. tl d•t" n17~::t'f11'1UV1-l LlJ IVlHtJtln VI

.J. .J. tl -l YliJ'Itl-l

L't!U

...

un::rHJY111tJ L'\JUUVNV\Ut'l1 U11\'11Y1tlf

tic Layout)

,..,,,

7 H u 7 1 n 1 Y1 'U UlJ tl 1 "' tl "' .J. t 1 "' flt'ltl-l'iltl'l ununn '111\'IV~ L1lJIJ'I'IUIJ'I\'IlJtJ c:l tl tl ...· , ""' ... 't·n:: lm uu~Jtwn 'UtllJ1 n 'tltlf flt11Utl'l

"l-

...

l""'

""' tl 'Utl1JLLnUqj'H1 1Vn11 'tlfl?l1·

l""' "' 't!tlfiJ'IllJL~lJ

"' .I

Jld o

UIJ'Ifl11lJU[JlJUflU 1

tJ•nf11YlLL '\J'\JLL tJntJ LUll\JIU

lJ1 't!f1Uu71t'I1Yl'UU1Vl '11{\jnltJH 'I

'UU-ltl11t'!1Yl'UtllJtltlnL 1JU d. tl7::LnY1L Ht\1'1 Q.

d-11

UMi'I11-.1J1UCJ1tlll UIJitl11t'!1Y1Vtl~nnnu

tl'IUlJ1 1tJflt'!lJtJ~::rn<~ nnnu t'll"'"' 1u'Uu1Jluuu ·w~::~~~~ uurN aj

til

d 'U'U1~Lt'ln

"' c4 "' U '\J'\J LL~U'\JNtllH'\JU'I1U'Utl'IVflt'!lJ[J tl t "' -I. ~mm·n:: u1<~nun 't!CJ11nu 'lnJ7::LnY1

1~tJ1nu

4ll

LLli'ILL 7flflfltlU11t'11Y1Yi'UlJ'\J1Ufl'ILtl-l fl7'1 tl •l"'o -ic:l_l t'17 1'1tl 1 1\'11Y1Un~~ 1 fl1-l CJ1 -l L'\JU u 71\'11Yl

...

"' dl

d..,

.j.

~"'m tl u uu'Un<~~"'-lu1fl11UIJ'In~1-ln"'uuunl tl

u 11-l u 1 n n Ill n L'U 1 lJ 1 1lt'llJ t1 u 1 u fl <~ u 1'11

t lldo~ol LU1'1~1Y1-l\'11lJU fltJ-llJU '\J'\JU~Ufl17

...

'\J1VUU't'l::~l1

Yi1'11lJL'\JUfl11lJ'ti'N i't!IJI flH\'I~Y11tJfltlUY1

~::H1tJt'l...U'\tJ

.!. " "' tl 1::v::Y1'UtllH 7lJflmvntnvm mn tl

l"'""

f!11~tl11t'11YlfltJ-lfl-lUtJlJ 't!tlf 1t'I~L~lJtJ[J tl ""' tl' .:1" 'UtllH'I1 1'1 tl11\'11Y1~1tJlt'UY171Vt'l1H "] L'\JU

d "" 'Hn'HM'UU'Itl11t'!1Y1Vi1:: 1mL \'1~'1 11LHUfl-l "' I "' ,.lj .J. LYlf1Ufln17fltltl f LlH'ltllJ nltJ l~ Ylt'!tl'\J'UU

•t-1

um<~vn~UV1'1't11{\j

...

n1~ut1::lJ

~ 1::Luvu

tl ~ '1.1, "' LYlfl'UflUll'\JU 't!Y11LU Ut'ltll'\JIJ'ItJflnlJ

t'llJV'Cl't'np

.-d

n1fltlt'11U L V~tJtl71-lfl\JI1-l

., ' • ' d .,,tl ... l ll \'11J vn u u uv nv 1H1 uu Y1 n<~ nv 'I 'tl LYlfl'U fl

.. '1 ~.J..jj I ,.lj tl tln LIJn'\JIJ'ItllJ1L1Jtlt'f1H .. c4 t tl tl11\'11Y1U1nu-l fl17tJn,!1'UL u 'U'tl 'UCJltJU I do tl o1 .J. 'U'U1~ my nm H'UU1JIJIU'I '111 V~Ylfl'l I cf <1 o1 I 'tl Y1Ufl111fl11lJ1L'\JU'\J~ tJfl17ntJ\'111'1

.q ol ll I LV\[J 1fl'U'U tltJ

ltl

L't!U

. .-. . .--.-·-

O)l·lf~J d

<\ II JO UC( d Yl::tMlA.LIH t(l 1.' 1-lt\1111

· · · ~---------------

O't

"l'

tLHtJ.l1

Ul!l - uaa o,c

•

II " " '

ULI'tf1.Jl.::.tUnlJ11 II

tU 111:- f;\11LUt-an.tLiltt\11A. 1 1.'& tU11N.i.11LU tCi

1·

r·

Jl. I

1 '1"

• I

...

,..

.. ,.

1·i'l,c

tCi

Uli\

.tli\&rlt ,. I "

It:

,. ,.

nallu I

-L.tn GUil11.'1llA. rtan.r:-an.ut 111.'\!HI.'M.tLLJLa I" 1t ,. 'I" ,. ,. 1\11.1 t-lbHOL~JU11Htt-UIWI:-GrtLJJt\tJ.l OLJI. j:" .. I• I " ,. p I Ill I'JRt rtt:l.t.tnU11 H~ ijlA.QL 1\llUI:-GI'tl J.lV.l kl I• I " ... " p ·Ltfl Lli\nU.LUJI.I\LJI.IU1Clat'li\ LJI:-G C. 1\Llt T I -:a. p t\li\t-an.tLUt.W::I.mlll V.l\ft I

tCi

,.,.

tCi

IQ."'

fiJ

nau::.t fl ~ r:-a fl tnn 11!.L LJLat-,.M

(11111\,»e .... H. )

llftiJ

l.Jl ::tt.\

~)_ ::tH.Ill lll.t f\

·e

N.tt U ll l!)nUl.I.Ht ll:' u.:: Ltl! I ttl U ,. p ...

lbLJLJ.lrtltl.JH1 atA.1 ULrtUl!lT\ t ::li\ijlA.tll l9 4. 0 ~~~~"'"' ,. ... tC N .i.m u~.11.r.-uu narr1 Ln.ltu n r.-t.i.m una.tu o

- uaan t::li\UU.t\L ~OGU UHt\U 11

nn l ::&na u 1N .l11L unat u~L nn. nLu::tr p " 0 lA.LJ.l L.t.fl rtUU ftGI.ltU11 Hl11 L U 1\n 1T\ t\ Jl. I " " 0 p ~~ ::1111 ~rtHI:'lA.ttlAL J.l l t fl !Utltnrta l.lUGT\ rt Jl. -;a " ' ... " , f\Jl. I:-GJ.l N.i.11L Ullt~nau::.t[l.tLLJLGI:-M ~

II!

tU111.'t;\ 11LU

:"t

tCi

fiJ

L t\llllLIU1U

•

-::.tfllA.Ll.lLtfl

- .ttll Jl.U 11 H ~ijV.QI.'L .tl.l t\ rttttlA.Il GL &1:: t 1.\ ,.

" "'

I\U 11 t-Gn.lbLJL J.lrtLW n u::u 11 ,..

rut ~tmam.tnaunn n uaa u ttflLU

fiJ

,.,.

tCilt

.!. 1fo

nt~fl t uaal!l~ a Ttl l 1

•

...

" "'.

1.,

t\~TU.tn~::.t J.li.'Uilf\L ~MtUL&r:-l.lat.\

.. ,.

ll~l Ul!l-UGant::l!lt\U 11U L &Lrt L R.1Hl!lT\~1 " ...

( t.peOJdd e) lA.Ll.'L.tfl~ L ftL R. ltLU

::&

t u 11 N.i.11L u~ lllV.L uun lll::.t rr "

....

tll11Lill R.l LrtUaa liltat\H lf\U 11 tt\ 111'tll!lR.rt T\ ll ll ~l

NJt'lA.rlt lll.l~~l H1 l.'tlltllltLHt ,. ~~~-.p "'"~ .. • .. l1L ULat-L tJJI:' .tl.Jln 1· tr:-an.lblJL ,.. oJ.l

I.' Ltl;lt ,c :1

T\t J.lTtn 1ft ar 1UaG~lllA.UGit n att-LtV.t\tl.l j:"'"

,.p

rtltl.JI\ T\ 1::& Tt::U\ 1:- & 1:-tll. " \t ,. I

~l!llA.V.L UL.t fl ~::.t fl ~fl t 1:-.t lilt- t.1.L t\T\ U 11 rt::&

t l.l11l!l.;t fllA.L J.ll tfl

L tR. OUbnLT\R..tLUti.'L t ll~l 0\!l;l~l tA.11:-all. " -. p " ' \1 I ::l.l11.tLLJLanau::.tnt•t-aH1 1:-t ll::l.l11 lbLJLJ.l

~rmt-lA.LTtllttL~U11

t-~::LU.i.1

"~I

0 :I

- •-w•---~-----------------------...11

UattnG.tr:-t.i.11LU

HW::tt'Lti:-GJI.lA. l.. l.'lA. , , ,r

"tC 1

I>PII

~rtHI:-lA.~ &~rtHt' L tftltl.Jnat Ll!lft llllnlJ

··-

~ -

~~~~

9 c

~lA.nau::.t.n LH·an.tr:- t·Jt-an.tt n 1L ,.,. l"p I" ,. j:" 0

rtLtt.HtLl!l flt L n.1 Ul.l1.tL H t u, r.- l!l n n 1L & " .. p ... , ~ " j:" • tl.l1HlaUUtnlJ 111:-a.l.l 1:-V.N.i.11L U

rtltl;rtU pP

'-'t It

~l!lt1 t-a.t.n~ttal!l::.tn '- tC b ,.. ,. I.

- n t::lll t\U 11 rtll!l Ul!l It t::l!l tU11 Hi.11LU f\L~

l U l.l1lA.LJ.lL.tfl~:: ~ fl J.ltt-al!lt-&nn 11 tCi ~

1:-LIWt l.,

UGaM .tllJLat-MI:-lA.Ill.l ~ rtl.lrtltULRUti:'Gl!l " '"liP ,. " lA.Il~l ~ unn::.tur:-u

lbLJLJ.lrtLWH1

ua llN.i.11 LU~l!lli.~.t ftLJ1am~::trrt Ll l ti\W

t-al.lt-IAI:-M 11L Ut' L ta::tt LLJLa 1.'\lH!:-t Jl. II

V.LJ.ll .tn rtl.lU llHl::& U

f\L~na.tnLttR..tLLJLGU~

UL&UaGtLUart1 ::& n~mu ...,

~LrttLHt~;:tfl R.ftULI; L, 1\J.l f\~1 HlA. 1:- t

lllll .t[lll~l f\U LHL R.l.tl LJLa H ~ 1:- ~tll11 TH11 ... ,. " "" p

...

(,..fl. •11"•11")

tl11d1'tllJ10 iU

'r'n:: if1

H·Hl1f1111U v~~ tl1::nvu'Uu 1~

fltl rnd.. x rnb lnn f1U~unv~ 1.112> x lm!cn

lHl1

fl11lJt'1~1 ">~" ~

.I ~nnl::~u~ uo~tJV~ull w

t'llJ.,tJ

n 1 a vn 11 uuH ~v1 m11 llJ m fl11lJ .,.,,

l!l

lJLnl'il::~::IJltl~

t'IIW9!1J9!V1J lJ10'1JlJ '

.. .,.

.1 ..

f111J ~ 11111 11 1J11J tJtiLV111J 1J

l'ltl1 Utl OlJ

tSI

.-.-dSI., 1Jtyl11V111JlJIJ1 VlNIJl~L 'IJ1lJlt'llJl~1JtiVI1tJ rN ~

v1nn iV~tJm 1tlm~ 11 U1111J

1V~tJL ~:rm::

t11'Vl d..rn Yi\ll mv end.. LlJilll tJV~U11" 'l I ., -I. t'11Vlt11 N 'HIJ Hn~tll::IJ1tll'r'iVlliflll111niV1

VlllJ 'HU 1tJ ~ f1~t'11JV1V~ 1nu11t'! 1Vl rn:: if1

11m

f1tn1'-'m,vtJ,,n,Vlnf ..

V 1J V1 1 111J 1J t'111~ U11 t'11Vl 'Hil~lJ llltl -II• lJ1 ~1m·n:: if1 ~Vnt'Hl~lJ\lltl

.& 'll-11 """ 1l'it> Utl

1h1t11V11J11l'ill1U1:: 1LlJV~hLntJ 0

•

L1JU -I. u lll'f 1 V1 ~ lt'l V -l 1'Ull'i 1 ::n LlJl '11M 11 10Vl , t ., " .1.: ' L' , el 'IJVlJt'll N'IJlJ\llM~Vl~ '11M iVItJ lVI tl1fltJ .I

liJ

1lj

\IL'IJ1'!11'JlJ~1~ 11HlH·r~V1~1 Lumi'1tJU1lJ -I.

YiVl inV1~11

•

Yl~ b lUV-l~U1::nvu11 n::111"'1tl '::nvu

, "

IJlN

t " ""

~lJ'IJlJ

,..

011Ll'NiltllJth1l'f1Y10t'IHV1tJ01::VI1J

~1-uI

L"~ LL01J\l1::11Jtltl0 ., -IJ10

&. ~lJ

1u 1J11 OlJ'Ht'l n

.. t ..

~ ~lJ u~ -liJltl~Vl~ '::tJ::Vlv~

" " " l .. -i -I. V~11JV1H L'IJ1'111J 1v v n ltJvn 'J11Hll-l L\Jt'l

1 'i -I._ I t ~ .I ~ "' "' q 111!1 LVitJV1U11t'11V1'111J tllJ1ulOV1J~\Jl1t'llt'ltJ ,

11 n 1

,..

•

...

nmuu mJ -1\ll V-ltJtllJ'J u 11 ntll l!H v-

"L'" " 'l111 IJ llJ 11 u<4 uu nu i VlVI1tJ

" vvn11 uu 'l 'HlJ

.20

40 nt

~------~~------~

U H\H-i'.:~

U11t'11Yl\J10!l-ll Plan of Bakong

(N.ft. ecl'..,\l)

tfnCI1tUt\UI\J1LlrU .,

fUJV1J1LLfl~

.,.,.,

H~tllfl1111 1J1JLLH'Un1YHLN'U

'!!1'U'S::L1JV~'I11'1!'U

•

'!!l'U'!!'Utn~

n1N dC1l '11fl1 vn~tH

C:l

"'tlf.

N~~~~n

Yi~

d.o

'!!'U1J'Un1N ch '11fl1

'11'UYn1Vfi1\.J

tiel

Yil::L~1V ff11lJ'Uff1Hi'I1L1J'UL'IJ1

u a::u:~ 1rt1YJunvHJl 'IJD-lL~ n-1

Yi-s::n un

'Vi 1:: 'U fl 'S '11ll1 ~ 1J'U L'IJ 11!n lJ '!! 1~ Vi 'U lJ1J 1 LL f1 ~

., i"'11'n1J1'1~ l ~V~~VD~L'IJ1

. .

LLH'UH~tl1fl1:1'U

o4 .I " 'L1J'U1umnY11!

<l o4 • Y1L1J'U1U 1lltl~LLH'Un1Vi

., ~ J d ~n-s11a~1lJ Ll111fl1n"' Yin '11lJtu ~

tli tl o

1'1

LnlfftHV L" "

.,-ol

~~Yl I

Hfl1tl1!1J1VDVN'!!~L~'U11

n nl:ltu::'IJD~u'S1ff1Y11J1 LL fl ~'U ..,

..,

"~~~ '

LLH'UH~'IJtl-lt'l1l'SflLL 1'1::~n111tl nt~11 oil o1 C: I cl fltl~1tl1fl1 "SYJ-1 '11lJ~ u~ nnn llJ cW

"' '!!l'U :1::1 lJV-1

"S::~1J

t'l,

& 1::1111J

11lJ .,cj

'!!'U'Vi'U\11'\.JLL fi::'!!'U Vtl\111 'IJ1\1l1V n 'UL 1J'U t .I <l-4 ., cW '!!U ul::l1l,L'IJ1Vi'S::nLlJ1YllJ'S::~u t ~ :, , ·,· '!!'U'SUL\1lV1n'U fl1l11n11lJD~~l~ '1 .,

•

~1ni111'U'I111-111l1'Uil1lun1

n~::L'11'U

., i "' '11M 'UL1l'11L\1lV1 <ll 'll~n~Hnufl~L'IJ m:~ ::n LlJ1Y111

.I • u11ff1Y1~1'U1'U

-id

n'U

Q)Q)

oo4

lJLYWi

Q)Q)

tl~fl

•

.,.•

fffl~VtlV~llJ1lJl'U

"':

cW '!!'U U'SlffH1Yl-1'11lJ\1llJ~ l'U1'U •od

c .. ..••

IIHlll·t~ U11Cf1Yll1li1HJ111~~

Plan of Bakheng

•• tlm,,.un:i,nH The

rchit

m but it Th

ngkor (920 . c pre ion of P hnom B khcng, le i

mod

total h

d..

Pra ·

Mebon oriental,

ngkor

tly rcdu ed.

UN\U·;'~

iJ11ft1YI

UlJlH\91::1\HlOO

Plan of Mebo n

only 24 metre

U11tf1YlLLUtlafl::'l"'uoon

n~1JU11tf1YlnaH

952). T he fr nt elev tion of main

howing the Ce nt ral towe r

rie ntal

nd the four

maller one

tru ture,

a t the corne r .

~. t.lntt1ttLl~U8(11:: ·tuaan (..-·.r~)

rrlJ"'u

r-i'.:J'JUV-l~tl1::nnu ,. .., , , 111 'IIU Y111lJ U ri'J H'h nt~HlJl 'JltJ

utlntl

"' ~::1unvn ~~

dtl 1::nnuu~ur·l'IV'I "' "' nu~"'~ V'Ifl

lJ fl'Vlll Yitl'\l!l'l !llfll'J rllJV lJlLLfl 'I ~fifll-l!ltJ

cl ..

~uun~lJfl1llJMLt'l

lJln II

~unnltJLuu I

lfllifl'l'I'Utl-llllJlJLL~U (Pattern) LL 'U H 'I cj

11J'1Hfllifl1-l'\ltl'IU11ri1Ylm:: if1~ lJ

1tl .,

~ .

n uun~tlnt'llYlYl'UlJUl LLfl'l lJ fillllNflfl ,1 t

1 ..

Ll~'IIV'I LYh::l11HnlL1Yi'l t'I 1 Hl'Jfl ~

'II'U

. "' w

111

~nn~uuu Ltllufl11lJ1H'Vl'll1lJ~~um l1 ~

!)~!)~

1.h HllYULl.hn.l

iJ. . "

1J llfl 1\.IYl fffl ::1 \.1 tl tl nL tl tJ.:IIlf\.1 tl

5. Pra Tha

Pre Rup,

I).

layout a the mo t

lev ted

ub tructure,

with a nd

ult d

in the

Cb 0

eoo

2.o

'b. U11ti1TI\JU'r1111tl1

U11ti1YIO~llnn H 6. Banteay

'11n"~

r 1 (967).

T he temple wa

de 1gned

fo r hor 11 mal approa h. ca reful

Th e ar h1 tect wa wi th

cu lptura l qual ity o f placing

th e obje t

at the ve ry pr rc r

and the dell ate

etllng .

tone engravi ng

at every ar hllectura l element.

...

t.lnd1tltJ\Ut10d1 ( ,.,,.. eoho) tflJfJ ol -1 ol tl dtl u \.rmun1 r-1~1 n~fl 1::nnu ... .:~tl ., UlJVllfJn1LU'U 1::tf1Yl'\I'Ul ~ Lllfl 'U rJ.

-c

LL lJ111U fllllfJOUn11fJ nn 1'Ul11tlL tlltl~fl

tl 1::nnuU1 ~tt1U'\In~tl1lnlYlttlJ"'u n tl 11tl d

•

1mt~n~fl tl1::nnull1lJ m~Lul·n::l u1tl-~

LLH'UH~U 1 1n1Yl'U ~ ~~ ,lJfl nuti1::Y11J l ~u n .,

, , tJ

•

... e./

..,

n~ F-4 nnn nuutln tt1YllJ m 1lJ ~ ~ L~ u IJI n .._.,.,,

nul'!ln~n1u'\lununn n1lJ11fll'!I'\I'U1 ~

.,,,,

tf1'U'\J(l~(l1fl110U'!I(l~ vl1HLLfiU '1 L'\11.. d ~

-1

lJ1n lJYi'U 11 LU 'U(l 'Ul1\.l~(l 'UL~fJ1fl'U "

-1

•

fl11lJ

••

1 Lflll n n tl 1:: 011 l1'U~., ~ 1lJ 1J1 n fltl fl1 1 1J "l,"'tl... tl. n11J11flY1 '!lfl1 1::\JilJ1n 'J 11J(Il~ UIJI1-

'" HlJ1:: tt1lnu ., nmv• '\In~ i f11~ n11~ , umHYlL "

~u tl 1::\Jimn11lJLl1"fi1'U unn1u ~

n1mtt d

LU un~flt.h ::nnunmu~JttJn11lJ

( archi-

tectural clement) ,tllu\JI"'1 fl11lJ~ ~ ~1lJ tl • -411 ol ol -1 • • nn 1::n11l1'U~Y1nn n u~ nfln -1

-1-1

tl11ttn1

-1

uuYJ1tJtf11J n 11nn m nn 1n:: m u ¥~ a :: nn \JI 1

~n~luu11~1U11n1YJ'\ItllJYI~l1lJ~ i~u~ t

' ,

tnVinnml1n1u u ,lJ ,~., 1n1u flNfl 1 nm ..

e.l

UflfJ0111J'n~LllfJ

.,"

·~'

lJ n1'111n11YILLU~nlJU

...

... a1un::Lollfl., tltl1::fll111n 1111 .I ·~ ~ ~ un::nllltn::tnJ tlncnYJuumon., 7. The and

ulpturc me

f 13anteay

re1

tyl

tone relief de tail .

eoe

c:.

( • ., . . - ••tc·.-)

tl11d1'HMS11ua1n1tt

dtl

... "' tl t tNfl '::OVUJ1'U'IJ'U ... .... " ' .I. al 'l::LU tJ 'lfftnll?bHH Gllio Ll.Jifl' ff1'UY1LU'U "'

fUJtJLO'HJ~ LLr~'U~ ·n

...

"',

t6J "''

'H'UYl 'l1tJV1~~::'t'I,H'Hl'l'lU ,,.

VU!. •4-d.r.n 4\

Lflllfl,'l'IJV'l LL~tl~'ll.h1ff1Yl't'i l.J1'U' V10lff't'l~ UY1VV'IlJ1~10tl11't'I1YlLLtlon tl VtJ1'l .~.,

,IJ lJUqjl!l

LL\fl fl11l.J' 'lH'IJV.J t1,1't'l l'Yl

" .••

~""..!.

utl, ,tll(;Hl'l'YlffVILLtn tl'l1ff1Yl'U~'lLHnv

~~~

., •

im'lff11.Jlln0") L1LY11'Ull

fltl

'I!'U

n mHli::'IJV'ln 1LL't'l'l (enclosure) ffV.J'I!'U ... ' .I. "' "' !II ~tl t '1!1li,::LUtJ~\fiH ") Yl'YlUOW'UlJ L r.n 'I!W " t t tl 'l::l!1W fHlltJ1H'IJ1 'I!WUWffV'IIfl'ltl,1t'11Yl ~"

I '

II II

1VItJY1LlJLV'Itl~vtJ'I!1-l'H'U1'1!1'UU'U LHV11'U ' VI"lWl!M "' 'H'U"1 IJ10 011

... U11ft1muJnHnnul

" J1Utlltl'U

"'.I. LfltJ .... Vl-l'Yl u(JUifllJ1

ntJllffiJ"'uu tl,,tl

~ "' 'W'U uu''"'uYl!lflfl11fltltlfl

o Pra sa t Ph1manaka , An gl.. ro ( 7 o Thn: elc\'atcd terra c. top n the other 3 u tru turc of mam tO\\er The tair lead narr \ ly up tween the podium with 11 n ming on t Po 0

nmtliiotlavu1~~V.Jl1.Jn1.J o"'w LV.J '

...

VtJ NlJV'Ii'ltJnll'i

nu L'l!"Lfl1.J n'"N

1'IJ 1h

..!. LLW' WV'UYlffVI

~ LL~l.J ' u ~.J v1mfl'Yl

.I. tl 1::11'1-

'HM~ 10011 L1 IJ

•

t111d1't1911Un..l

(w.tt.

LL t'IVI.J Llll ll 'Ut1.J fl11l.J

ff 1't'llfln'i 'l::W fl 'l'Hli1.JL U'Uifi'Ul.J1 .;,

e.t~~om-e.t.t\>)

"' ... .. tl d.l l.JtJLO'ltJ.J LLrJurJ'l' V.Jflu'l::ovu ::..~. & t'I'HYl.J " t t l '1Vi'l::L ""' 1'1!tJ1,lJUY1

.... t'I1Yl \fl 11101 LL n::Hl.J1W V10lfl t

.,,

Llr,JW~.J

tl nn 1Y1Yl.J t'IV.J ~ .J L'l! Lfl H n11.J Mil til::-

"...

nmtl{; o vvou uu um::~"'u

't'llJU.,Oio1 1

" "t

..!.

' ~Lm-l LLifltl11ff1Y1WlJLfll

"' ... "' OVUV'UL~tJ10W

...

olW\fi.JLL\fln1ll'l::L UtJ-l 0111 Vi-l'lt:lUWVOLL n:: 0

t ..!.

1 H1 'lMI YltJO VtJ t'I.J L\J 'l::VIU '1!1W 'I!U Ylt'IV.J

1fl '.Jr" 1-1tl '1n 1Yl tl 1::n 1-u

u n::tl., 1n lYl t: ' YlflVO d. V-lflYltJO L1 r.n '1!\Jifl-lVtJnltJLtl .. " a~ .. tl.. 'lll11fl~'U \111l.Jfn1lJLUW~HJ1U '1t'11Y1 ..

--,

mu., lt'l 1Y1Yl.Jt lll.J ~ uw uv~

d ' Ot'I.JDtJ LLn" 1

':.,

~~~

d.!.

oau LW u 1un .J 'I!Ml 'Uti 'ttl vo

l.J11f11t:l1nlfl (

t J.

t1 o OVl '1u n.J YlWYl

~ '1 Lfl1Y1U\J .I. "' ,

ll1LH~.J'tl1 ::0'l::'l!l i'L'f.Jfl

' " "' "' 'l!'l-l'U1lJJ1lJ~IfiHI

~uhu

.. d

Layout) 'UVUL'UifiV.Jfltl,1t'l1 VI UH'UH..~ tlnn1Ylfi1Un1 Plan of P rasat Takeo

eoll!l

'Hlll

~llV~

" t !.\ ~ltl Cll 'l!ti'U\J

( "'·"· e';,o,..) 'L'flrtJ .. tl"' -td LL~'UH'l 1 tHIYl'l tJ (organic

eo. t111d1'n U1 tl 1'U

'"'

.....

... " olume) U\J'I!1\J ':: 1UtJ .J

n v .J '!! u Y1 uO'IJ w lJ 1 '

Y11 1utl-,

d.d x ed.o

.. ,1

...

.,,,

t'l -lLLlJ1Wi1:a ~ 1VYltJYlllltJ 1 1lJ ur~n n~ Jll I. J " ., U11t'11YlV-.lfi'U ~:: 11'111-.lfl '\JV-.l'lltJ-

vv uvn

w .j.

IL\Jlt'l~'tl'll N'\JV-.1'\J{)lJ LJJ

11lJ'UYl It nlll1lJ

"'L~l1tJ "' ~'Il-l.,nn-.1 1~w

~ u lJ111!:1 uvunnvvn ~

•

<I. <I.

LL 'U'UU l1t'11Yl 'U1U1'U ~::I 'U'UtJ fl Yl I 1m u~h1 ~ -4J d I o4 • '! d ~· tl LL 'IJ'IJ{) li'Vl1tJ n ll11lJ 111!11:: I 'UtJ 'U'U nL ~ 1(\J'\J'U ., .q ' lJ1~1n11'll'U1fll1'\JV-lV~IllL~tJil11-l

o4l

fiV

~ v n -l1lJ'\J lllJ n1n u11 t'11m~lJ1'U v1 mff ~ ,.q .q ..t l11VIl111Ln1Vn'Vl11'U~ I ., ., .I

r."'

...

1H11fl~t1V-.l'II'U'Vl " ~

Ill H 1 ::~ un u '\J v-.1u 11 t'11Yl u1 u1u n 1uu ""'

<I. <I.

LL 'U'UI~ lJ~ 1nu11t11Yll'ilJ 1'UV1nlfl

Yl I 1lJ

, .:1 ., i 'll 1:: I 'UtJ-.1 fl ~ L'U 'U 1'1 n ~tli::'\JV-.1 n 111 l'i-.1 11n1 0

t <i , I o ., t .!. 'II 'UH'U-.liL 1'11 t'll'UnllllNr.l..:!Yl..:!HlJ~Vll fltJ ~0 , ""' ~~ 1u un 111 lNLL 011 tltJ<')n nnulJ1 1u 'U1lll1fl (;I _,

1vuuvn~..:Jnn11

.I~

r. i

..,,

lJtJU1111'U L~1'U1H11Ml

t'lt'l1u'U n

, Ill. I..

., '

'II'U 'UI'\J1wuum::'llu Lfl1..:Jt'11NHnnmv tl <I ~ 1I I .. 'UlJ1n'\Ju -11n~'ll V-l11..:J1::H11-.l1l111fl~ r. !il, , ., Yl-lt'IV..:JlJ1n'\Ju~1tJ 1fl1..:Jt'111..:JHnnfl-ltJn

""'

J1 u 'l!Vu 1Ull 'II'U ll11lJL~ lJ ,

1\ .,

J-4

•

11\Jllll~ nnJJ ..

" tl. 1h1 C'I1Yifl1UOl

9. Pra

Takeo,

"' ..

r. ..

YlffUVn1t't,10l1Hl~lJUU tlll1 '1Hh1ft1YIYI~H~ n I. r (9 0-1013).

The layout of Take and Phiman. k, i aim but Takeo 1 more perfe tly remained .

t the

arne

U'Slt'I1Yl'U'UtJ{)~ ill I l1MI l'W.:JV.:Jfl ~~ tJ1'U'U .,

f1'U i .q

, .q

unn~ru::li~-1\JlV.:JVVnLI uuil1JJ1::.q

I 'U tJ.:J fl ~ 'U'U tJ{)~ '111'U 1:: I 'UtJ..:J 1'1{)lJ U11 t'11Yl -4-4-i

u 1::111uvnYll1'U.:J 111'Un

~~,

1YWlJ i l1U 11t'11YlU1::-

110"'

...

~EI

fl11 l.l"'a: ll.Jilll unuv11\llH~lln1Hl'H1~ , â&#x20AC;¢ , -1.4 ~ 1ll u vn \'l'U, u M lJ'Il nu lYIV u vvnJJ 1\'l 1n

...

1l11lfl~'ti'UU lntJ11 "'~o

,J,1n1Vli'l-1 "

. I

QCll

ll.J\lll

J1unnl.J

fill

mi'~m1JJn-1ul1-

llJ\11, ..,

4111

t'I1V1Ul::n1u\'l 1 n' ::~ u~ u 11 n 1 \'l::n -.1 bet:

][

~ ! !' -.'I! p.......- -

~ .~

~:: HtJ~'U'I t'I'U Vl LIJlJ {) 1Olll lJH'ItltJ L 'U t'I1'U

m,"''lt>tJNL~ nl'n1'11L~ll ~"''I '\J{)\1 u·n t'f1Vl'Uf1 11.,~

'1"... ,, ... ~'11'U'I1'U1 lum'IIJ1::1u1Jln ~1n

-4"'

"ll'l~l~u~n

IL~

tllJ~

1u II UU 'U U 'i HI 1Yl'\J lli't>'l ,.,...'U , , ... ~ .t ... -ol "I'Ull'IJ1H11Jl::1'UfHlnLt'llJ{) LU nnl!t1l::Yl "' ~.t ' ll 0 ~, " ' ~~urm LUL'II'Ull Yl1 LHUn1'111n11t>t>n d

~-t '

...

f1111JLH'Ut'f'U'Ullf1'U LUIJlN "] 'U1\.11

fl1

Yi~11t1J1~1n1umvmvlYi1 l~1ou"1 t ~ n"'u1u '

.:1"

11 t> 1 ~ ~:: LU'U Ll'l11::1Jltl'I'I1'U '11\.11U11 t'l 1Yl ,

"' J, "'

1'IJ 1'11 1fl'U'ULL n u "'n n'Vl\Jl\il't'l\1\Jl 1 'lt>t>mJ 1~ 1n .. f " .... .,tt 'Uf111JlJ Ylt>tJm'UVlfliJI::1ul'ln mnnw ~, d .. , c4 , L'11 f1111J 11 fl 1 ~ ~:: Lu u L't"l1 1:: \Jlt>'l nn

... '

, "' , "' , ~ ::n 1 Hu ~ 1 n 1Yl'U f1 11 ~t '11 1u u l11'1<J!V

.....

U11tl1lllJfl11~

12.

ng(...or \! at:

n lo ured

ted

tru tur

•

tone path.

....

d""

.. , . . . .

d. . '«!\

•o.

•

"-4

1Vl'Vlt'11f1 ty'Vl ~ lJ L1 {)'In f1 {)

ngkor W t (1113-1150). from northca t toward

...

.. <l

"'t

lJ~::'U 'ULLn1~'1YlfH'1{)'1"1Yl'I'I11J~

"d LLn 1

U11tl1lllJfl11"'fl

,...

cnal vi w of Angkor W a t 1t

...

{) lH'l 1::tJIJ

n fflJ v1l1Yi ll10fl1lJlHl ~u11 n1nYi ~" H, unn fffl :1u91 n

10.

"' ' l 'l 't'l 1n ll1 1Vlllfi111J m,IJ,r1'1Jt>'~ f)'U IJI1tJ

t'I'UL'II 'I

-.~

.....

na nnnnn L'HL~lJ~ 1Jl11J'Vlfl'V1Nt>IJI1111'11

compo c of v ult d g llery, por h, and

n t>UIJ 1 1l"i 11::1 1~ 1'UV1fl1Jl::1 'UIJinnflt>Yl fl -4 ' ~ '\Jtl'ILL~\.Ifl'UflltJ IL"::L1tl'IIJ11'1 "] L'Unll'l

1l1!J, \.11:1 U£1~flfl~ lJ, lJ

The 1nner

dol

11«4

~:: t l1l U'U U11 t'11Yl ~"tl'll'l1:: {)\If) LV tJ'IILIJI

n11t~n~u1:n~u

••· ~

(funeral monument) l~tJIJ11'1lJ1nn11

entrance from the we t.

II.

tructurc, gc , v nuc.

ftt.tUf)ltlft

,..

UC4)1 4C:IJd

LlHl.tliiJJLUlt\t::.tn ft! t! ftftllolMLUfl.tt;Q p I" ~.~Ill " 1 ~ ,. U lfJl~ l rt a llolAfl L lA~ JJH ~:: ~ 11 U .t 11 H ~

CD< I

,. .

UC(d

(\O<J

,llttr.::tt.UALIJLt(1t-HI\H11 ~

": · .,, ..- . *-· ~

l --

ftf\1 ~1 ftllllALH.t-Lilaf1.t.tUfllllnLll!Jt-L.t.ll f:' ~~ .... ,.. I ~ ~ t-L~l rtl Ill tlllt-l.llAiba L~L ttn.rt.t.tULrt lll;;.t r

rtau::.tr ljt-a ~ ~ .tLUlAila t- ~t\ll Lrt lAL IJL.t r p ,. '!"I to t-all.l\.t 1L JJrtLWt\ tt::t; ~' U t\M11rtrt 11 p

•

~~~~p

rtf\11 rtU l, LlAlt' ftt1lAttalllt-tllottartH.1 ,.

tl~~~ ~

'!"

t;.

t-tUM.L ftrt' L~ fll ~fl IJ1rtBU Lrtlll::.trr.tH.~ ~

Ill

tlA::~ n Ll.lH. t-lA ~H.tr ~an t-L tH.::.tt' n u o ~ p I ~~~~ ~ lAt-Ltt-allotll11t\ rt::t;rt ~rtH.t-lA~t-L.tr~an I~

'!"I

fll

t~ till J.lllH l::.tf.HliiU f.1.::.t HU l.ll.l ::~ ~P,.

P'"

.tLU

t-a~lA ~I:' JJ::.t rllllll trt Ut' .till::~ 11 ::LrtH.1 Ut- .t~

~ 'I"P rtLWHo

uaart' ftl':l11rtft11rtrt11rtaU

Ill

::.tn ~t-at-.t~ll~1 ~~IHilU tt' ttllolALJ.lL.trl ~,.,.pIt~

l"p

~11

llt~ttn.~ U.tW La t-an.lb~L !JfttJ.lt\ t\1

"""p

.tLU U ftH. L ft ft n. ~U LU La H.ti.H.t~l ttl~

~,..

t-LlA L ~ fll ~ Ttllo~t- .t~l L ~1 rtlArtaU::.t r~t-a ~!> ~ !>'!" p ftlllt-Ln.t-aJ.lt-lAlALIJ.L.trrtrt11 "

r.tttftl f:'

~~~

t-L~::tU rtLWilo' U11ll.tlrtLJ.l rtan. ~ ~~~~

ftfl Lft lALJ.lL .t rrt rt 11 U

U ttrlllU

aaL rt a rt1 H~ ~

r{}

~rmr ~ utunumrt, '' IP t-LUt-U1 t-Il. 11ft aU ::.tr ~t-a ULU La t'L.tU ~ .. ltM11 ftf\11 t-an. r.t

~~ .. p p t-.t~l r.trt t-llAlii~~~Ln.

tt ~ Lrtuaat-~~UlA~lAuaat-LlA ...

~t.t~ftlAl 1.1

,.. ....'T

-L.t rt-an. ll.tlAttar.tt-l':lUL ~ L rtt-.tlil L ~1 rtt- ~ p,..

"' ~

~.t.tn. :=.tt.1. ::u. 11 rtll.t M LllllALI.l. L.t r t-lA Tt tt::U p .. ~ ~ t-a1 It Ill n.~H. ~ trt 11 ~r u 1.11'1 rtl n

l, aa::

t-a

-LflM.UftUtfl~1::tun.tt' p

,..

1611

w401d

cL JO uc1d rmc.MtYu.tuur t-. .HnHn

t-.tlllfl~l~t.t~tt

"·

lALUL.tr ULM rt t-.t~l L ~tnL!JftJJ anttnru ~

t;.

ill

t-L na.tLU It ft 1L~ rtlfllllt.1.ftfl rtJ.1tt' U ftrlllll.l •

",.

__ , ..

an. t-an. rt.t .tU fllllrt Llll.l t-LlA rta 1.11

~na~Uttlllrt~llrt.t t.tLUittt::tl tl.111fll.11~t Ti'P ' 't ~ ~ "' ,. .t~ftflrtJ.l~Gil~J.1~11.t-ll~'t'Lllo.tLUrlUUt-an.

t-a1 tt ttrt • 'r

~~'"

,..

I" ..

.t&t-t"11 ~' TtHlAL.I.ll.trt-L.t.l.lH' t\tt).lrtftl.l I ,c"- ._ IS ,cit ,. ::~ lAaHt,.. ,.\!L Urtt-fll!Lrtl,..t rtan.t-an.nL lA~ ~

.,.,.

~ . ..

t-.t~t-art1.tLUHlA~LttLat-a.tWfl ~

lAttrt

,..

- .ttfl llol ~ 1::t Mil rtJ.lft' t-L.tl.lrtl l.1 t-lAlAL JJL.t n ~

It ~

ttM11rtrt11 ftf\11 t-Mftt111 ,.

ttfllrtflrtl.l ,.

(-IC.~•- :P-I~ts 'U"M.) nntrtU.lJHl.fl .,..

,.ur.r.r.::u.mt11Ufl

[]

• ..,.

[]

rtiUMlYU.lllUfl 'CII•

em.

13. Pra at Bay n. ngkor Thorn Th

119 1-12 19).

late t effort of the Khmer in buildmg gre<ll temple.

ar htte tu .I qualtty

d on th

ercattvc arragcm nt

of huge a

calc

the butlding

ulpturc m

nent.

UH\.IP·i''l tl ·nf11Y11J1fJ\.l Plan of B yon

•«· 14. P r

t Bayon :

ve ry towe r

.... <I

vot~ tlnn1'rl't1\l1n1::h"nfl1

w re carved

tlnn1'r11J1tJ\l

Bod h1 · tta a ra e , a

en e or w nde r und my terl y.

l 'ti ~"ill'Hl

• · B.P. Gro 1i r

Angkor, Thame and Hud on 1966 P. 27

""· eorge oede "' · Henri tierlin «. B.P. ro 1i r ~ . B.P. ro li r b . B.P. ro lie r

Angkor, 0 ford Univer tty Pr~ , 1967 P. 40- 41 Angkor- masterpiece of Architecture • to1 n planning,

. B.P. Gro li r

ourier De ember 1971 P. 9

tbid. P. 9 pt. ctted P. 120 P. 103- 104

"· IH~ tJ'U LfltJ Llhh1ri1Yl'Ufl11fiUt'l::U1tJ'UlJ1Ufl1

cl .

..... .

., ...

...

1J l'i Wl'U flUJ

.orge

n nmflfl 91 flO

cdc , "'· ro lier, B.P. «. Gro It r, B.P. ~ . Mac hanc , rank 'o . M r Rob rt Row on, Philltp cl . ti enn, Henrt d. tiert n, lien ri

"·

P. 161

1h::1'flvo; nzfn~m

1111 1/EJ).J,

n~~ntJ1lJn11~lJlt

l'i.fl . • •h d ..

Angkor: an intorduction, f rd ntver ity Pre Indochina, M thuen London 1962. Angkor Thame and Many Golden Ages, Angkor Jewel of the The Art of ourheast

,J, •• - end

1967.

ll ud on London 1966. harle . Tuttle 196 . PP. 26- 51 Jungle a ttona I Geora ph tc, A prtl , 1970. Asia Thame Hud on London 1967. Angkor, Offtce du Ltvre, Frtbourg, 1970. Angkor, Ma terpetce of Architecture & Toll'n Planning, ur i r D cern er 1971.

Angkor The Architectural Analysis Anuvit Charerr1supkul The general

history

interpretation

thi

article

ba ed on the writing

are

of Profe or

the

middle of the city

Srei,

Phimanakas

and Takeo.

buildings built either on top of an

tatement of formin g an architectural complex.

emerge directly

from

building complexe which repre ented

diagrame.

the temple mountain

pure

tarted

of Jayavarman A.D.

11 and

ometime after the

re ign of Jayavarman VII in the 13th Century A.D.

E>uring the period

of four hundred year built their citie the

the

around hinterland

ba in .

Thi

political

viewpoints. The

area

and

main

Khmer

the great

great advantage in term

the of

of social, strategic

urban

com-

plexes developed in many localities, starting from Kulen to Rolous and Angkor respectively. The Khmer unified their

ociety by

of the king.

They are as follow :-

the

Bakheng

a building com-

patial

tructure . Thi

is the mo t

5. Mebon Oriental

creative of all the Khmer archi-

6. Pre Rup

tectural de ign.

7. Banteay Srei 8. Phimanaka

two; the Baphuan and the Angkor

9. 10. II . !2. 13.

There are only

Wat.

Takeo Baphuan

4. Patterned Layout, it is eemingly that the

design

repeated

one

Angkor Wat

element

Ta Prohm

concerning with compo ition and

Preah Khan

14. Bayon

another

emphatically

Preah- ko to Bak ei Chamkrong, the econd

without

patial quality, alwa ys aim at the

kingdom. In thi

technology art

Phnom

locking both in phys ical form and

4. Bak ee Chamkrong

linkage

economics

plex of interconnected and inter-

a kind of 'organic structure' to its structure, var ious

likely

conceptual

re ulted

3. Organic Layout

2. Bakong 3. Phnom Bakheng

Thee building

kinds of component namely poli t ics,

Thi

form

and Bak ee Chamkro ng.

I. Preah-ko

the Indian culture which had created

religion

Banteay

artificial sumeru mountain or on a natural hill. There are 14 noted

came to an end

economic,

Rup,

tecture in

part of the author.

around the 9 1h Century

Mekhong

In the hi tory of Angkor the archi-

however purely

from the reign

ko, Bakong, Mebon Oriental, Pre

2. Diagrametic Layout, a very trong

So far, the hi tory of Angkor

lake

a microco m of the macro-structure.

appeared in the from of complex of

Coede and Gro lier but the architectural analysi an effort on

ymbolic

and

compo nent

Prohm, Preah Khan and Bayon.

developed within 3

circle , the fir t being from from

Mebon

Oriental

The Khmer con truct ion

Takeo; and the third from Baphuan

pan

po t and

lintel

principal materials of brick, laterite

they could

and

be clas ified

into four

typical model

king, the supreme power of the god

! . Compo itional Layout a model of arranging an architectural elements within physical and

earth.

From this concept, the

Khmer envi aged the town and city as a

replica

of the

universe.

the middle of the city, an architecture was erected as the dwelling of god

patial

as follow:-

structure framework, by

the rule of compo ilion The noted

and

pointed

theory.

example are ; Preah-

tone. out,

rna ive

pattern are interdependently differed;

the kingdom,

wall ,

and

ea c h other a

a cult of god king which gave the

bearing

hort

to Bayon.

man ll invented for

load

technique

arch,

and architecture were depending on an organi m. Jayavar-

Neverthele s their layout

limited to corbelled

u ing

the

Gro lier has

the Khmer architect

had alway counted on t hree architectural element ; terrace

tower and

vaulted gallery

and by their talent

de ig n, one of the

ophi ticated

mo t ignificant arch itecture of the world ba been created . eotf

l,.~11rttttLf3~\~11M ~L' W. ~11G~1L'~G~1~11

G~ ,~ ,~MLU11 ~

..,

•

0~"

11GliL'Gil.L'11~L' .C.tJf1G U1

l. 11~talf3G,.11U~1L'f3~ 1~11tL~U11G~1U lJ. 11G~1rtlli~UU!i~ll.U,..11L' ~tL~U

11f1L'l;_ll.

l. 11~;urt~L.C.M~~L~UL'~ lj~~L' ~~~ ~~~ 11~1t' ~l}L' !~1~~ Vrt...Llf1G~L'G11~111~11~m..~ 1::r.M::~n ~

1UL.C.f1l ~11LftL 11t.lW~lJ.M~U~_!Urt~L.t.ML 11t.lL~G~~nL.t. 1::L.t.M 1~f3lJ.\ ~UL'G,.Il.tf3~1Lrt~n UIJ.C. 1 ::~G.C.~

1\lrt~L.C.ML'Gil.rt~ 1 f11111.~M11f11GtJ

~tl-'

,.,...

•

~\~,!Urt~L.t.M~.t.liL ~ u 11~1

l).,11Uft~L !.ML11talL~L'Gil.::L Mt!1f3tjlfbtJL!al~M 11f1111~M

• ,...,

f]LtM

IP Ill,.._

L~ 11f3~,L'~ 11L'Lf1 .. f3Ltf1rt,..f3;li, L~L~ l_}L' ~~1~~ L~fb...rtLtJL~11~111,.UU f3;1 ~G ~~ .. f3Ltf1;lif3Ltf1rt,..f3;li,

rt,..f3;li,

L~un; ,~~~Jr.L.t.::.t.ML'~L'~

rat

~~LUll.,..!.

f3...~Ll1111;_~~ ~ ~1~lJ.M::tM~~1rttallJ.Lf1::tM~11M ~Jr.Lt::.t.MG: 1~111\~MLU

Lf18Mrt W JJ !rt !71

ntnnGn~nLnunu7n!n ..... n ~

HlJrtf} !1f1Qrtlt7rt W n ,. ,.

L/Rnn.rtwnw utu 7 ""

I'"

,. '!-

(,,

.... -i

....

!8!lJ7::811U7 f}Q P P n

!rtJJ~f} IJ7~MUUf1WU

.,..

fJI

-....

rt.Q~7 A

Lrt QIJlJl.,.lllJ7L,.f37 rl}fll

{] Lll(lrt W Lf} UJL U

ltJ !CW ~ !7 !1J {] L! LfUf.7/

{]11 fiLM 7f}Q f!7Cf371 fJ"' & kn ::LrtJJ7UlJn.LUtn.QQ

f1M~L/1f1QI1U!RUQ::L!M7

rt u rt fJ1~ tJ7/eJ 117L 11

urwnwwnmnrnrtw

~{] rt.7LlJ~CJJIJWrtG1

rtLunnnw ~mnGrtw rt (.,1 ,. I

!1J£!Wf1fl7flHWlJ7

!TJrt UL!Alrt 111~117 U7 JJtiiL fl.

rt.Wf1lLfL~ft!U

ftf}rtWL f]!(,ltJ(]IW -.,1

11 fl18L t;.~~ z~~n~1 1uHntN numun1

ft.G1ft.G IQf}LU{]LnUQ ,.lJ n.t8m~::w!iJLIT.Cn m

ft.f}~71 n.~n. CHL C

nn1Lil.~ ll.L un 11.1 nu n .... 1 ~ n

,..

,t ,t

' N11l.U Ul!C!M !187 rtf1 !7

!Urtf311CnG m~G nnw rtl k n~11

•

~n.~n.uwrt n.ua11

f1UWI171 H71Lf1/tJU .,.. 1 n

,. .... .,.. ,. ,

W::!M!IM{]ft.Q~7

~nQQ11 flll.l.,.ll.~ r:nn1

QnM~ L n~ru L u

....

l.,RfL\ ,_

...

11 ...

.--.

...

mmllll'lmnH,hN\J'IYillln'!H,, ~10Yi'l::olunm ., .,,,,J.,::fll:IJnflllllJmnlJ1'l1lJ The mural paintmg dcp1ctcd "Lo-

hin -

nHLl'll'l .,

ha' in the bod of Wat Rajaprndll

tltmaha imaram, Bangk L

rlQrll Ul.HtlA.nlrtHL.tM.UtM.

l"lo,.

..,

tt \L ttHU1::lA.I.'LlA.QQI.'II:o

Hlfi.'Qrt11W1 ,.

II' If

lloL.trttt!U.UtlH\

I.'Q rt1 lA.IJ rltt \::1.'- 11 ( rl ~1ttQtlA.rtULHftQ IJ) .... '!" ,..,.. .. ~ UQttlttH~1::lA.I.'HI.'LlA. rlQI.'lU (HII~tHI.'~) ~ ,.,.,. 1.'t II 1.' Q rt1 lA.L rt rt UH~ rtlA. U tM. rllA. 1 ::u.~ U1 ,. II-'!" ".. lo

'"'

rl~l Lt

tlA.M.I.lUlttlHrlrtl.ltt~LrtrlQ.t1

...

,.,.

LrlllflQ.t.Urlrt.Ll rllA.II.lUrlrtl.lLII.1M.~ rllA.II.lU ...... ,. "'",. rlrtl.lM.QUltl111.'lllrllA.1 l.'lllllW!IrlU1 11.1 Lrt ,. II :1 iol> .. /flo l. 1.'L llli.'Gtltl tllM.rtUtrl U1 nlrtiH.tM.L t L ltll Q1 I .,...,.. . . . . '!"P • LM.~1 l.trtlA. llUMillA.UI.'tlloL.trltlllRUrtrliJ1 • ,.lo.., .,..,. .. P P"''""' trtn.1 nlL.tn l rllll.lllllll.'lllrltt 11JLQrlllo1Q1f\~11 ,. I :If' "' MrtlA.UtM M.LM.LlloLUt1 M.~l.'rllrtrtlll.~l

"'"'"'

.... ,. M.ntlrtrlQ t1::M.llo- M.llttU~~HLUI.'IWtMrtU P" ~ " ,. ,. .. .. .. nt::~ 11

LUI.' UM. t I.'M.HM.tUrlG::tUQiln 11.'ltl "'lf>:J ~II

~1M.~LUI.'U::LU1tt1UHI.'I.lUtMrtUrttL~rtLn. "

~~~ ,. ... ,. MlA.UrlrliJ1 MttnL~U~lti11Lrt~UI.'Ufbt~1 .. p • 1>1 ... rtltiJ~::U11fllH1 ltlllloM.nt ltl1 M.Qltlrl~1M.Q "' "' I lo.., p> If lo .,.. '"" M. \ rlQ M rtlA.llllllo tltiULUltl t::t fl.I.'LlA.M. 1 I

...

,. ..

:a .,..

II'

a~uaa~

allrtM.LII.1lA., ::.t.M '!"

II',.

tl l\rt11

,..

......

a,, P"

JirP"•

UR1Ullloltrttnli.MlloL.t::tt.t

.,....

al.4U

....,.

~J.llA.

....

fllijL.LllA. I:'LrlarlLUIHltlllLUrll.l1 rtUtrlU1ttQ '""'!"I p lo,. '!"'" fbiJL.LllA.LrtlA.rtrtl!)1 ::~11 nlLtrlllti11LrtfllHt ,.

y:..

tC..

M.ntttUa::tt.tGllrtM.U rllA.1 I.'Qrt1M.1 nlNH "" .. .... ,. p .. .... lop rll!l1ttGI.'an.t-M.HI.'H11lllA.I.ll!lUUI\Llll.l ,.. .. ~ I ~ "' 'J ,. -L' ..C.

r\nlltM.UQllrt M.

P"l ..

~,.

:tP"

"'It • ~It

~-,.

LftG

,.,

Lt I

:. P"

....

,..

It'"'!"

fbH \M. ntttUG • p> ..

...

M.rl~tttat-an.ltlt l!ll.lrtUH 11M.nt

rtl!l U

..,

...

rll.LlQllo1atH

...

,..

.. ,..

• .,..

.. ~ ,.

11'1>1

....

•

.. ~,.

II>

•

II'

... ,.

•

"It

II'

,..

t'lf lo 1>

. . II'

... ,..

....

,..

.,..

t"'~

•

n ~1M.Gt-Gn.

II'

,..

rtttUrt1Lt,, untt U,.

,..

' ,ttUrt1Lt,

....

,..

Q.tH .. urtt

....

rl~1 M.at-GII.llll IJLU HlA. ,.. .. "It

....

,lA.tL.tlA.&fbn ...

,.,

...

1'!"1111>

I~ .

l>'"o

If>'"

.. If I

rllt[ltltlllM.rtt.tltrllrtHrtLWrtUltl11 l. M.J.1 "' ..... I ,.PI :1 rllt[\rtrltlllllML turl.t 1Urtl.'l\t\llM nlrllt ,. .,.. .,.. .. _I ... ,. .. _.,.... p -LM. ::tt.utu "'1.1ttua::tt.I.Gun ttLrtmLtnl

• ...

ltl11rllA.1 t-art1M.1 nlrtHLU.~ nlrll.t.LM.::.t.M. I .. h~J> p nutnuHa.mm nLtrttltl , ttt.Ll ttua ,. '!" .,...,. p> " ~- ... ' I .. -::tM.trlU1 llt.tttntrllt[lrtrl.tltlllM Hna

'!" .,.. ..

•

nut-t!IUM. , !IH1rtLt,

II'

.,..

....

::ml4 Cl( rtflliJL JJ::u 11fllH1 ::ml.4tt ntM.UUrl11

,..

lA.ltl11 ::nliJrlLUHrtrl~IM.QM. t nlrtiUU.~ 'tl .,.. "' .. p

nt~na

11>

"' "It

tU11tLUUI.'~ II I ,.

•

,,ltll.l1rtL.t

....

.... ,.

I.'Grt1

tltll.lLUltl t::t rtt-LlA.M. \::1.'- 11 LM.JJLUHIA.M. \ p I" tlti.LlLUrll.ll lllA.Ut-LlA.M. ~IJnlttti.'LlA.M. t I.' lA. p ...... 1:a rt ttUrt1L.ti.'Gil1ULl\Lrtl trllA. ~ t\IJt-QII.lll tllo ...

M. \ fll l4L .LllA. L n lA. n rtl rt:: U 11 rllA.~I.'Grt1LrtlA. nlrtHLtMLt&\ LII.1Ht LlA.lA.ltiH1 "lti.U1rtlt, p I If If o '!' L tl.'a rt1Qllo~1 t-l\ M.n.t-Grtli.'L t.Ll~~ t U11

LUN.WU~t.Ll1Grt1 LUt-Ut-Grt1lA.inlUUlA. "' ,. t' II' '!"P .. rttlllrtl n.ti\Ltl.ntUrl t\l.'.tYlA.Il~lM.at-an.

',.. .....

rll U fl.~ i.lu L l\ M.l\ lli:'G~ rtl.t ::.t.MltM.LM.L lll ~rl~l rtLt::tMM.LM.::JJL;Uf\ 11 "lti.Lllrtlt,

Lti.'I\HQlloUaunt 1QllollM.t-Grt1 ltl1 l!lUQG!.'GrttM.ntt-11:. I II' "" ~

. . ,.

l.trtlA.LRLUlA.G.tH

L.t , Qllot-Grt1Ull\Lil::&Ltl\1 Ln.t::Ut1 l.HtlA. ' t ~ I lttf .. nlrtH L.tM. G.tH lt'l\ rl~1 M.Qt-LlA. nlrtiH.tt.~ M.nt p

I.'Grt1Lrtlll.1lA.nlrtHLtM fuH tttt.Llt\rtlMrtlA. II' If '!"P I 1 p> ... tL llo 1.' Q11.1\ ~11M. nt "'

MrtlA.IJrtHL.tM::nll.4G.tH ~

...

rlGlA.rlLHrtU ,::lA.IJll\fllrt LtUrl.tlt-MH I ,. I• ,. ' p " ~ "' "' ::m 1.4 rl ~ 1ttat-GR.G M.H 11.4LUI.'LlA.rlGlA.rlLMQIJ

It-

L tUn .t 11.' M.H:: MliJrl ~1M. G!.'GR.ltl1 IJLUt-LLC ,.I

....

LU.t.LtlA.

....

,.~

~rtHI:'lA.rtlA. 11Q.t.HfllH\ M.t.Ll l. t-L!fi.'Q.tlH :1 ~ I I I ,.. lLM. .tlllJJLUrll.l1 I.'LlA.M.1 rllA.1 t\IJt-aR.ltltlloM.1 ... .. p .. ~ .. .. ... It lbiJL.UlA.LrtlA.rtrtLrt::U11 nlltrllrlrtlJM.1 rll4.1

I~-~ ,.

11-,.

• II

~.LlUQQM.t::ltiUlA.I.'LlA.

I.'Grtl l!l.LlUltiM.t::ltiUlA.t-LlA.QIJ UtA. 'P rlGrt •,.

.,..

..,

M.l.ll.'lA.t ~11tl IWI.'~ttUrtll.ti.'Q rtl 'lr:IIC I,. ltnlftHl.tMt-llfllftHlti11M.tlll.'lU I.'Lrt "llol.t p I> I If ~ If -rtL.t,, ::~11 Hrt, Rt-trtl.t Hn, tljRL.t " 'p " " 'p -rtlt,, Hrt ,i.trtl.t , t-Ln, .tUH1rtL.t " ' ,. , " "p " M.rt1Uafl~ UQQUUfl 11Urlt 1U M.Ull\UGM.l. M.G .. rtL.t::tMt\U.t::.U

Gl.lt-M.H

..,

GIJ

allo ltiHHCLt, LtnlrtHL.tMQlloUQaULrtt.4.M. ~" 'lp ... I.'LM.I.'a.t1G.Ut-M.HM.1 Hn lllH1Ltt, t-Ln ..

GI!IU

~H1Ut1 I.'Ln ,,l!lH1rtt LtnlrtHL.tM ' 0 " " ,., •p a~~ouaa llol.trt.ttll.tU.tl4M.t-Grt1nlrtHL.tM. .. "' .... p t\Lt\LlllGJJt-tUI.M.1 1\llol rtr1UrlLUH.ttUrt1 -Ltt-artlt\nt t-Glti::&Ltt-~JJ11t-ll:o

t-t InanLuHttunau::.tr ,.

.,.. ...

'!"

tlftulrlt\U

~,..

" "

ttUG::.tMM.Llll.ltlA. 1 M.Ul4Gllrt M.lA.M.ntlrtG '"I .. ,..

Q llo U Q G n lA. ~ t-GII.LU1 ~IJnlt.ttt-LlA.M.\ It I ,..

M.UrtUJJt.tM.n11:'~11llrtU

,.,.

tlll.l.ll lA.L rt a::tt.4.M.L ll.LltlA.HtM.t-t ltllA.

.,.. ::tM.I.'aR.t-M.HGllot\ntl:'ll:o

LIJU L ~ Lrt ttrlM 1 M.M.trtl 1.41 L IJ "M.Utl 1.41, • "' It ... • .. L tt- tH LR LU ltlltl Urlt 1lA.rtU H 11 M.rt 1rl~1M.a I 'l' I" • ,.. '!" P" .,.. .. t-GII.ltl1 ~.IWL~rtlA. M.UrtUI.lttM.ntl:'l!l11.Ll nu tLn.unt~ LlA.llo\ Lrt a::t MM.L lll.ltlA. 1::u 11 ...

::tM.a llo.LlH1rtrtttUa::tt.~ ::tMQllrt M.

,.,..

M.ttUrt1Lt t-artl nlrtHL.tM 11 II' p ttUrt1Lti.'GrtlnlrtHL.tM 1tP rllA.1 M.l4llltlloM.\lA.LnlA.nrt

It II' M.ntl.'alll::~

Lrt Lll.1 lA. nlrtHL.tML tl\ \ Lll.1 H\ LlA.lA.t-M.HIIH 1 "'I"P I"".,.~ M.nll:' l\ rl~1M.GI.'all.ltl\ t-LlA.lllA.I.l~UUI.'Q rt1 ""~

L M. rtlt LtLIJrtl.'art1alloUGaL ll UlrtGlll o " :' I o p. ... t 41 t UlrtLU1M.trllA.1 a.UI.'M.Hrtlll M.l.I.'Lltlrll M.U ttUrt1Ltl.'art1al.4U~ l.lltl\ ltP If

M.rlM. 1a lloUQGlA. It t '!"

UIA.!.'LlA.::~ 11 lll M.tlA.U 1t-Grt1 ~ JJa M.H 1UlA.t'LlA.

.t.rtl.'artl .

...

,..

n ~1M. at-an.~ JJlA.IllA. .u ~uu I.'G rtlL t tt ua un ~ 1

aII>Pp IJU nlrtHL.t~ti.'GR.flliJL JJI.'a rt1M.nt ,. o II' jll

-M.aM. 1

.ttUrt1L.t I.' a rt1 L tM. ua llLM.lJLUI.'LlA.M. 1 II'

I,.

II>

.,. ... ..

... ,.,.~o

nlltrllMrtlA.LRLU

I> I

ttUrt1 Lt t-a rt1 t-ut-n::&u rtL M.H

ttn 1r:- 11:. "

tl~ftn tfl

ttUa

-··

LIJULl\Lrt::~I:'IJM.LIJ

Lrta I

,.,.

'"lf

l•~lo

"''l'"~t

-1

•

rl~lM.Gl.trtlA.UtMI.'an.rtnM.

GIJUltl1

'!" '!"

......

.. ntl tL~

lol.'-lo "~~11G, "~H1G,

'!"

.. rtLtLII~ rtLt rtLt,

.... ,.

~GUltiM.Utn.1 I.'Q~~1M.ntllA.1.'~11LH

ttM.ntM.UrtUUM.M. 'lr P" .. ,. ,.

1.'~11Ur1Utlii.JJRL~::.t.Ullo\LII.1

.,..

....

LtUrlt1lA.lUU\1 ltiM.rtM.LQnlrtiH.tM 1 .,..,..,.. .. lop If'

lA.M.~11M.l!lM.1 nlftiUti.UtU l.HtUtLUU::l\ '!" .. lop I p If I QtiUtUrt1L.tt-Gft1 nlrtHLU.t l. I.'Lltll.'at!l It II> p I tli.MrtUtrlU1tltllJLUrl.Ll1 lllA.UI.'LlA.M.t .,...,....,,. '!"P .... ,.

tflt

." .

LrtG::ttA.UL~Lrt~ll

" "·"

.....

~11, M.M~Q~ltl

t\nlfl ~ M.rlM1 Utl.'-11

I.'IJU .. tL~rt11G, Ltlt1lA.M.LlA.QLIJ M.UalA.1 tfl

:~::a

~ttQUtM.I.'LrlQQrtiJ1t1

alloUQQrtrlM.LMM. t\rl~lM.QI.'LlA.ltiiJ

::.t.M.ttn 1LtM.UGllLMrl~1M.ai.'LlA.I.'II:o p> I ,. II' • .,.. .. ~ ::tt.~.LlHHt

" UL fl.~ IIM.U ~M.M.Q Url rtl.ll.' lU I'"

LIJ QIJI.'M.HLIJrlaU~fl.11LIJrtl.'rlrllA.1 LRLUM.1 • II' t' o 1 I" .,..,. lo lo M.Ull\UQM. WllA.UllHrtrttiA.rtrlM.lllA.~M.nt

Lti.'~U11

rtUtlii.LHllo1 ULIJrllllo .. " " ~o,.

- .,.. ,.

UUQ.t.HLI.l1M.llo1fl1 tlA.rt1 I.'G.t.IJ1 ULHI.'Llt!Ua ttn.L.t::flU UflG tH l.'tlU Ufl.rtrl M.LM

l. ~\lA.atHM.LnlA.l.I.'LltiUIJI.'rtllM.M.Lt-rtGrt1 '!" II> If '!" I ,..-. ,.. t' ttlrtrt oo.-ol' tlt M.~Lrti.'~~QUltlnlL.tnl " 11- 1 rlrtl.lt\

rtl tiJrtUI.'tltllA.I.' .UI.'lll t

M.rtlM.ltiM.rt .LlLU.tU\ LII.1UL~Lrti.'U~~.Ll1H\ p> llf' I ,._ If ttUG::tt.tfbllo1fllG.tLUM.nt .., .., ,. P" "l.ll~.t.U1.. ltl::tn. I" l!lnt

,.,.. ,.....

cJt ttn 1M. uunnt u 11.1Lt.tt-GR.::mRu UrtLltlltl11 I" ,.

.....

rlltfl.t!lrlltfl.rtrl.tltl LtUrlt1Lt1 lA.rtltl1 ~-.,.. I",. ... " I ,.. '!" P '' nlrtHLtt.tHrlGlA.MUM.ntUrlt1Llll llot-lloUllLM p

jll

,.. If If

"'"

"'""

...

c:l

...

n1JWYI'I!fln11'1!L1J'U Vi .fl. •c:l ~ lal

... •

•

...

n~~~L'IJVIV

i'llJUYn:a litH> 1VI ~t'lfln11'1! ~•Ia!

Cll'l~nu

c:l

ClltllJ1L1J'U

LVIV1JLVI1n1J ~·ur. •c:ld CYI

rn:a 1tlYltJ~i'l11~nHfl1tlV1JV1 ' .. cd ., " ~ d • \lltllJ1nLUl4fTn'l1'1lt'llJtJt'llJ fil vn::lJH1

lllHnu .,

.,._ ,

~ nnn'lvlU1.:lt'IJJtJt'llJ L ~ ~~·i 1::tH 1fl1'llJH1

11'1!1J1~

... ,

\lltllJ1nti1JtJtl\1

'-1 . 1 c4

... t'lftn11'1!

~UI1J'U

b~ d LYltJ1JLVI1n1J ~·i . fl. •c:l~ o lllHnUtllJtJ ,..

~·n::L~1111JfllLLlNnHn ~'IJVItJ ~

.,•

LLti1MY11tJ

• J

11 "L'IJtJ'U~U W 1 Ufln'l L~ (I'U'I11'1Jtl .~ ' -II ... ... • ... fl1 U'Ult'l um.llll'l Ufln t'lfln11'1! • o t:b " ... ' ... -II • fln11'1l'ULVIU1JLY11n1JU '1-'LfT. lzt.~~ CllH

. .

nUt'llJUVi'l::L 1U'llJ ~nfl ""'

nHfT'ltltJ1!U1

..... d .. ' , LL n1 ~ nn 110 ~u n'l!l 'lflt)'Ufl~ ~ nn TllJ1LL n1 oil -II ., ., ..!. d .I 1 ., LIJ DfltlmlJfl n11'1!'11MY1 \?1 nn u 11'11\H ..

dl1<!.

...

t'ftlCil1 'U1'U ~~11 HlJW L.llJ lJ1Cil~ LL \Jl t'IIJU fl'l' ' lfl 1 .. ~ ... tlU1JtJ1 LLCil~::LLCil~'IJ'UL'Ultr.I'U 'U LliUt'f)JtJ "

t ' uun1u1J1n

...

'\<~ 'lll-llJW 1J UVI Ut\ltlJ Ill

...

c:l

L1J 'U fl tJ 1 n lJ 'HlJl tJ

•

LntJ1nU~'l1'111JW L1J'UlltJ1~

nt'l11fi~J1U'U~'lfT n ~ 'IJD ~ 1

..!.

1 1fi~'IJ um1 11 'UCil1 1.m1 ' .. ... ... ll.

i 'H'U LlJ VI111JLL u

...

'l!-301~::LVIU1Jfl'l11.,

no~·n::n~CJ.J

'1VltJ Yl"' m"' Hi'

'IJO~

0 li d ' ..... L'UnlJH1J1Uill'l1t'111J~1~ \ll1'U 1uummnu c;j " J, ... ' t LU'U n(JYi11HIJW fln'l1'1!\llH., li'Ufl~

~::~n~~1nm'lDDnno1~um11., 111 D1 ' ... ' .. ~ , ~::lJlJ1LLCilt'flJtJi'l L'IJVItJL'lfltJlJ1 Llt'I11J1'l11J ~ 1u 11 ~~~mn::1 ; , mlJ lnflun1v

'l1lJ u ~

...

c;j

-II

f!IJ tJfl'l tltJ'IItJ1 LL n::t"l 01 1J 'U nlJ'UD~'tl 'l1'11lJW ,.

" .,.,

1J1~uo~nlJtJ'llllu1nnuVI'l d ..

LLCiltltJNL n ...

Cll1lJCil1'U 1'UVi'l1 '11 lJWLlJll.:l'Ufl'lfT'l 'l!'l'llJ 11'1! -

...

'UlJLfl1rl1flty., DtJIJln .,

•

d ..

L'UCil1'U1'UVi'l1lllJW~.:lnt'l11 L'llH 'l{)~ tl

flll'U'IJ1~l·ifl~1'ltJ~tJ11

' ,

.,, '

...

..,

LL\ll'IJD'l11J lill01

...

LLCillflll'ill 1Jf1111MI1Wi'l::L 1nHfl'llltJlJ~

... . ...

~·n::u 11 1vru 'l11J1111J

tJ11J l·n::u nn1

.. ,, c:l., -~ ... (lllJ 1 tJO~~~'l:: L ~10VItJ ~) 1u u LlJmnurn::

L'Hfl'l ' ~1Lli'Uf1111J11 u

""'

17JJlW11Y.f1'1f?fl L'lf() ...

C'WtfW?fiJJt'rV ll1

...

t'rV ll1J1 II

'lfrmnfl , I

, ~·11::1 1n H11lJ-

., ... ...

f'l •

tnJJJUf1

11'1!L'HY1CillJ 1 flllJ 11lJ m:: u1 11v ru 1m11l ,..

d ..

... ., mve.J11 nmvttn nII

11'1!1'1!11'1! ( L'Ull 'U l~tJ)

11JJ1J

L 1nH'l1lJ11'1! lJ't'i'l::U1lJ11Vi1::ll111tJW

d ...

...

n u u~IJI H~~ 1:: O.:)fl '~'~' ou ~

( m u ~ ::'111J 1u

f111lJ11 'llllll111tJW lJ I Y111UVn:: 'U 111tJW

, .

. . ~

1J '1!1'111{)1 Utn) Vi'l::" 1nHfl1 DtJntJ 1\lltlU

ll\ R.NL[l.ttttl.1::l\Ltl\LLP.1 p J? I ll

.,_

"~t~,.u

UtNH L~taLI.IUDL!.LI\

. ..,

~ '", c

'P'f>

llo/1/lloo.,_

...

,t.Lmt-art1LI.LLI.nl W II',.

ol·~~~~

pI'

I:'H.11 I

Dl! 1tt~a ~

~LibnaLDllOa

Lrtl 0.1\!UUlloL.t::tt.LDLtll

...

"""'"

I\P.~U1 ~

...

f.UI\t-art11AI1M.LLI. nl

"o'"

lt''j> .....

ol'~

...

t-all\1\lrtH.Lt t.1.r•L 1\L ~

rtl~Uttt-Lna::l\~11 p

:'\

l!)llort1 Ul'a1ttUa

11UfltLO.HW\1!)~11 /l

\ttl>

L,p

\"'

""0&

•

Itt

tf>

,. I

LtLIJrtt-D

0 ,. ,.

" l\11tl ::a

" "

f> ,. "

to ...

.....

na I

t-a1Lrti:'Utl~ta

...

'li'

t-art1allot\l\

•

...

'I"P

1'1' ..

... ..

...

'li'

ltLI11LLLLL lbn.11Jfli1L.t[llrt DR.ftrtrum\ lfll o p " p I t\ ~lttl11 L l\ 1::.t H a f. H. n.rt::.r.n 1\111 Lrt Nlf.L~ "' 1 tS It' I' f:> -• alAI:'~ ~t.tL~taiUDLtLI\::t~Lilt~t\tl.1::l\ ,. .. " p " .. f:' 1\ H 1l tl\ Lfltltla n. Lll!UDL.tl l\::.tt.1.ntt- .1.11:' l\ ,. ,I " ,. " p I. I ..

~Hlt\!11

I\U1 "'

,. I"

tS 1

... f>'"'

'!" "'':'

1:>,.

IUDL.tl t\::tt.1.L tUI:' .LlttUG p I ... 1\lDL.tLI\::t 1.1.n tl\111

11 ill

f:'

rltLtl1.11UDL.tU\::.tt.1.1Jt-a ·• p p

""·

.tt ::al\111f.1 ::aLtt\1:-tl ~ f:' lo 1 ,t-~111:-aLI.Lllol:'llo R.Nl.

"'"',.?

I>J?'t"'

o'l"

f>l>l

...

Dltlfl t~DL.t[lrtD.t~~~.Ua 1L t\ ,..

.....

,.. . . . .

,..

...

....... ,.

...

....

y;.

'li'

';l

I\111UD.t1LI..t.1.rtLI.

f>'l-

tOR.Ltlllrt p

I\W111l lf,.f>

lttiJ11 "N "

..,~(9

rll.!)11\at-LLI.I\tiJ11

""f>

t\ L naLI.ro rtHL.t t.1.1:' llDL rtH::l\L tl\L L 0.1) I 'f" p .. I If l\lrtHLtt.1.1\LitL~I\1 LR.LUl\lb111, Ltl~ p o lo I o tl.111tLUUI:'l.!)lloL.trt.t .tlHU.tiJitt-art1[\1 l:'ll ll

II'

111

1\ 1\Ull\ DL1.ti1U~Lill.!)11tat-LtH::tl.!)h1AUU1 ';l

...

ytS

l\aUt-t~t-art1LI.Lfll.!)1

I:'LLI.Iti11::L.tM 1 f:'

1,.

"""

~l D~ll\at-LLI.I\lftH LU;L ltl11

"'"

::u 11

""'

DIAl I:' Gill

''li'

,lttULI.nl D~LI.La::.tH~I\L.tUI:'.Ll ,. I' lp ,. p

rtL~I!UUlloL.t::tM. DLtll tt.1.Dllo1 ntaaut-mL "'lit

t\La

11-,.

"P l\lrtllltt.1.1,111 nt.LtiA11UDL.tLI\ p

::tt;\~11Ua~Lflt1L rt1Lflt1DLtllt1 If

If Itt

(DLtLn

t~DLW.rtll.tli\) Lnrtnt~l!UULUI:'t 1 1\~ "N

...

..f>

f>"'

1UrtllLtt.1.GMlloH1 U11 Itt Pel! 11.111111t~LJ.1 p l f>tf" ,. !:>'" -Lil~ttUI\111 I\ C.. SIC~! f\t LIJ c.!J rtt 11~11111\ "' J:' ,. 1 f I ,. H.1 1.111 ltLI.MLI.11lll.!)l11:'DU1::~rtL~I-L~Ul\M ,. "1\ ~ ,c ..... R.L.t 1:' ll1 ~1\L .tUI:' J.lrlt.)LI.La::tt.L R.U Ultlltl

"'"

....

... p

p ..

~-~

LU~::UR.UU~1 • LIJil.t 11 Cll•ltal.!)1, ... p ""' f ~ L tlliAnL.t ULR.LUl\lbl11at.1.llo '

•

• fto

l.!)L.tLU::.t[lt\11 1L Ll.fl ttLI. 11\lrll.t Llt::.tt.1. rtn n 1

J:'

;>,

•

rt.ttlllt~tll\rtlll.Ll t~LDJI.natUI:'tUL ~1::'H If> .. ,. ,J> II

f\1 a~t-art11JitLI1Ljl:'an.nl11tiJI\

1\!\Ull\ :l

"'I

11-1

/ll

~ t-L~t-an.::1.111 [\ttLI.1

t-art1LI.Dat-1Jitt\ ';l

1'1''!"1

•

HLt\Lll.L!tLI.1t-LtJJ .t IJI\Libt.u l\ 1ll t- l\LO~ na

"" ...

"- tUI:'~ULl\1::tt.1. " f>

·"

t\JI.I!)U1LI.I:'a.t 1nL tiAI:'tL\ ~

•

... ,.. •

HL L n~ na tU t- .t u Ll\1 ::tt.1.l11Af\t 11uu t-ltH

...

t-UIUrW.Ltt.1.at.1.li.La1 1:'11111:-l\11 tlrtLI.LR.Ul Lll

'i"P

ltiJ ,.,.

... ,.,..,.p

t\aLa1DLilHUrtt-l\ ..

f:'

';J

LR.Llll\lb111,,

i"'

'I"

,. fio

....

... p

"'I "'

,.1·,,.

1\1111:-IJ

rortHLtt.1. aiJ, Ll.tU.LI.l\lbl1, LtUDt1rttt p J.- C .. 1> 1 I f> t-JU .t.\rtLI.a.tH Ll.tL.tLI.IttiJ11::1!11 llll\tf.U 'I" ... • ... " t\tiJ11 (t-U1::~) ::lji:'U~11\tiJ11 (DLULM

::l\llot~t\tiJ11

LLI.LI.I!)ltllUU) 0

Lrt IAIUilH Ltt.1.1\ L1\L~t-a.t 1a fl~IJLI.L L1.1 '!"P • 0 ,. ' . . ,.. I

r.tua::U.\11UtDU1~Mt\111U

DL t[\ rt Dt~ li.M.

::.tMaUI11\~L rll.!)lfta 1:-LLI.I\lllH L f. M. LttU11 •'"" ..... p Iff

1\ ~l'L n.L rttl UU 1!)1 Ltl!)li.Ual1

H1 LLI.Lnlbl11\tl.11:'llo

-rt.ti1D.tltH 1rt::tH rtR.UlHU::tt.1.[\ .tltLI. 1 PI" • I>'"~> IUDL.tLt\::tt.1.1JI:'a aiJ I!UI1allorttULULLI. p " •

~Utl n. 1Lt\LI.UI!n 111:'GfltrtU~11 Llllflt1L 11.1:' llo

Ill U1.aiJ'li'

,.,.. ..

::u 11 ~1 n~ma.t.LrtLI.I\lrtH.Ltt;LI\11 1li.L .trtt.tll "" ,.. ... .. p J? -tU.t Ul\f\ t 1.1 111:-f. lHa rt1 L rt Ll.l\lrtHLU1. II' '!" p " .t.1.rtLI.LR.LUULl\l\fltU~l

't"

""I> ...

$>- to

'\"

::tt;\L l\ 1 .tiJ nt-art1 lla::l\ L t.t~ ftltH\f\ .tt lA 1

LDllDa.tU

-HUnt U.t.1.rtLI.I\lrtULtM.llolt rttU.tJHIJI\ I' ,,. '"' p f> .t.\rtLI.!UilHL.t t.1.aiJUibiJL IJLI.I\lrtHlf.M.

UL l\

l.!)fliHLI.~1 D~1

::1.111

:l "" ...

LtWI\hlHlnl!)l ai\H1D~11\GI:'LLI.

.t.LrtLI. "

~UUJJI\J.lLR.LUULl\Ual\ naLR.LUrtrt1 Dlll ,. t UL rt DG I!)IJ 1\l.tf.trt U11L U1L rtt-a.t 11:' tlbtl\ 1

ibH1 Utt.1.t\111LI.tL.tLI.GlH1.1lL1.~11

LI.LR.LUrt

I:'LI1nt t\UI:'L~LR.LU(!)~1.t\l\l\tiJ11 "N 1:-LI.rltl.!)

lt~IH:I11L l\ 1::.t Mt-GfltrtLI\::tt.1.1\tl.1 .. I tS f:'

rtl\lrtHl tt.Ut.1.11UtDU1t-at 11\nlnl a~ ... p ,.. ... ,. ,. ~ pol'lttl,

'I"

~!I t.1.t\a UL Ll.::tU.ttUa::ttAI1UtnU1 "'"' I 0 .. ,. 'I"

J? 1>

lbH1 I\1111:'DI:'l\ttUa::tt.1. 1

tl!11tUWI:'~rtttU tS

Urt1Ltt-art11\11.1

It'

tfllloo

1UrtH.L.tt.1.1:'afltLI.t.1.ULIJt\111LttlUL.t[\ 11.1 UD p p .. o J ? I ~" .. rtt ~11 ~UU.Lll\lJLR.LULIJt\111L~L 1\H~I\LIJ I ~~ ,. o f:' /l 'Ill o LflllD f.~l!l.t.Ht (DLtLn.t~DLtM.rtll t~aiJ) 1",_ ,. "' ..

LtLIJ~11rtt1 ~1 rll!)ll\aULl\.t.HtLI.I\lrtiLL.tt.L I Ol ,. p lti11L tl:-11 LI.I:'L na DL UIL rtltiJ an.::u 11 L IJDa

J?ll'l"

lltLtH. 1rt::tt.1. • "' P'f>

I "'

Utt.1.Ltl\11.tH.1 LLI.I:'llo II

1., "'

ttua::.tt.1..LlH.1rt "

,ttUH1rt,

c "'

\""

1:>

I\ 1 L ttlULf.[\1:-l\ "

, 0 t.L tH. 1rt

UDf.1LI.Ltl\1 Lflt1lL1 LLI.I:'l\ f>"

::.r. t.\t~ltl1. 11 nt 1\11.11\lDL.tL t\::.tM.n 1:-.t~ ,. , I' 1:> p I' n~ n R. t\ rt 11 utn u 11b t.H .1.11\tJJ rt ronL.tL n p .. 't ,. • I I>P ::tt.1.L talll' l\ flt.Ll~lt IJI1.Ll::.t nib .tl\ 1t-am

n.t-~Lrttl1

f.tU a::.t Wl f.t'lllllrtiLl\Latt 1\ -::U.\

DU.1HUGttUa::·.r.t.1.ntUA.11:'UtLI!UUn\L,a~ f>

::1.1 11!\tta~l\ 1 1:-Utl UUL rtt\!11 ,. " lo S> I /l

::tf.L[\f.l:'lltli!U~1 Ill Uf.111ta1H ti\IL 1::l\ ... I /l Itt I ~ I I>

Ill:' I!)

t~ t'f.UL l\ 1::t f.\

,. .

[\tltl1. 1t tJJa::.r.t.1. IUDLtL t\::U.L~11Dltll ... p I f.IJI\t-a rt1LLI.n1 La111tlrtlflt1H1 ltUrta.r.t.1. ol'ltt,.

It'

I!)IJ.tLUrttUI:'tl!H::tt.1., LtrtltlHt .. tt~a::tt.t L Urt

LDilnat~t-tULrtllolf.rttt~tUf.IJI\

11tan.

1\lrtiLL.t t;LUt M.l\a~ 1\1

::tt.\l;l:'al\tl.1::l\LtatiL l., t1 1:-LDa~ p J? I '1i' I Itt I U ,,ttUa::tt.U•aflt.l.lH.1rt I\111Ltl:'lllllfU1. ,. ... ,.. " J ? I .. ::l\ ~11 .t.LrtLI.I\lrtUL.t IALI.M.~I\ nl::l\L trl .1.11:-IJ I '"'P P'" J? I'" DtLtiL1rt::tM, all. .. ntLtH1rt::tt.1., LIJ p,.. .. , \" p,.. , • 11LtLI.rt1 Ut1 ::aULl\Lrt

::l\DLI.l LR.LUI\1 "tt~IL1rt,. LIJ ~UU.LHlJJ L1.11~UU.Lli\.LlLIJllo1 rt1

LR.LUI\Lllolftfl1

t- I ~

LIJ~11

U ,,ttUIL1rt, p

Ltl!n11 1:-t\ILLIJDa

DLI.1 LR.LUI\1 ~ULHlltl.lLIJI\11.1 ,,tt~H.1rt Ltl:'ltlLalloU Gallo rtttUa::.tt.1. lltl.1L tl!) 11oft 11l\ L L 0.1 rt1

tU11~1\Utt'llo

IUDUL n::tt.\.LlH.1 rta IJ t\ rtR.V l!tU::t M. • p ... 'li'" f> ,. f>

1\lllLtL n::.tt.1.11 UtllU1 l:'llo p ,. ,. \"' DL tl n t I' f>

llt,Lt\111 UDLt[\rtD.t~~~1.L tt\H1::l\t-l!)

I>'"'

ttua::tt.1.t-an.t-.1.1LIJD~1 uLrtt-l!tL~ .. 1 0 ~p

11.1 rtt •••

-taiUDULit::tMLI.~11 'j> I

p -rt1LtatiL a\!~

Lrtltllo1 IUDLt L1\::.tM.t-an.lb IJL .Llt-Lnn 111 p ,. • I' p I tl~tlrtlt, Ull\LilUllo1 Lll rtlt l:'llo ' Pte'" '' 'I" " ali.La1L1.1:'LI.rttt ttua::tu. [\.tLtu ULrt ... I ,. '1- :l " 1\lDL.tL t\::.t M.[lt ll nn 11JLaDllt1a1t\t.\ULU p p "' "

Itt ,.

....

~-If

l.!)rtuarw.rc.rt11\1111!)t.1.DLt.1.

J:' ..

'li'

•

1:- an.l1t Lrta.t m L LnlLna ,. "'" LD~na.t~I:'~UI:'Df\1 ua11

rtl! nr. t l\Ual.!)Ll1 p .. ... -tUI:'tULl\l ::.tu. "

11 L rtt\!11 llol trt.tU .tU.tiJitt-a Ill!:' Dfl t l!)rtH ... ,.

~,.

I:'LI.t-an.l1tlrtH1 tiJI\LfuU.Ll\1 :l

•

lloltrtttll

ua11a .Llt- 1\llrtt-t~t-artl

- .tu .tiJn ~:-arul'llf\ t ..

•

f> ,. •

1'1',.

1:' .t~I:'Grt1LI\UL nL P.11!)llolllt.1.U ll ,. 'li' i I' If .. llt~LrtLR.LUl\lbi11LtuD.t11:'llo

tLUilt U LU1 L.Llat 1 It'

•

...

U!ll1 "N aMII.rt LD!LDa.tUI:'.tULl\1::U.1.D Ltll I

f>f>

Lrtat.\ 1 at 1rtl;nLt\t\1111\lDL.tL t\ll.ttlll:'l.!) 11M \1' • p p IL1 LU1L.Llat11:'1!La1tl111l\.t.Ll1 f.\~111:-aLI. ""

•

Lllol:' llo R.I:'Hrt.tl1 lltltH 1rt::.tt.1.rtR.U IHU::.t~1. "" .. p ?'f> "" ,. f> .. ntLtLI. 11UDL.tLit::tt.1.~1:'a L tUD.t 1allortn.t I' p ,P , I f> lf'l"l' ai!Hil1 l:'l\lloL.trtltl:'tULl\1::tt.1. rtrt1 Lt

I"""

,..,1111

~·(J

rta rtlt1Ul11 li'

na tt';lttt-';lr.un \f'H'Glil::() ... tl

::r.r.\n ut.n u1.11M nn m

,. ,. ,.. ... J:' ,. l•I.H• UQllo1rtL~

t-1~1.111

tt ttr.t.ua ';l

nLu nrt nr.lll.llt.u t. I•,. I> ,.. ...

UQllo1~QlA

t-Qrtl

rtr.n,

';l ......

. . ,.....

~-.,.

I• ....

'"' ' "

,..

0!'-

,....

tfo

ltl

l.. llLIWQllQI\ort::Lr.t.1.1M f\IMQ

""""' ... ,.. .. J:' 1'>'1"

•

Urt~QtHt-~11t-GlALllot-llo 11' t1 "'

lip I

~p t1

Hna I

,.,

,...

ell

Ptr

J ..

ttf\1::()Lt.()1 Ll\o1tt -tl"

'i"

f.lAN.f\ 1Ulli.Lr. r.J...l::r.t.-1.

H1 ,." ::r.M "

ttf\1 llU1 LUf.Ut'~ 11M

I•

:t ... P

.. ,.

tl~

.. ,.. .....

,..

t.!JUL.r.~

1.-

ll~IUQ

'-"

~1 l..alllmttLlll

nt.~r.t.ua::.r.t.1.~tt.IA 1rt.r.unt-am

rtllr.rt ell "

'""

....

t\UrtQf.t;\1911

II-.

.. ,.

lllf.ll\11. QM.f\1 rtUtti!U

M.G~ILt.UlAf\Lr.U ~

Lllli.DGf.U

...

1\lllL.tL ttrttr.ll

...

tUt1.Lil::r.t.1.L()1

t-Q1n1 LlAt'Qlll 1·L1

II •

,.,.

,. I

<.O

~()rtiJ.rtiW

llt.1.ttlArt1 Lrt

!;-

M.l

li'

~1LrtUGGLRUlLil::r.t.1.L()1

f\UlAII.Lr.rtt.r.llr.Ur.lmt-Gft1

II-

,..

li>

V.UV.

,...

M.LlllJ,LitHLllot-lloULGGrtHitt f.Lllllll

"""' 1;-tl t-~11t-GlAt-IJ.1t-l\o11lll

..... ~r.t.lA1

H1 t1.rtltl.IJ.1

rtt.r.L 1\o llll MilL I!Ht-Q rt1 ttl fllll ~JN lArtllML lA "

.. ... ...

'\"'

.tlAM.f\1 p

lLIWilU1 "Rt-H I p

...

LRUlltlllf.r.U~UUlAt 11\llllf.Lttrtr..tll. ttf\11\llllr.LM.rtr.r.Jl~~111JHl t-lll::\!11 tllo:t

p;>

"L fu ttG L ll l1 nG r. Ut- tU L () 1::tt.U

::tMrtltt

P "P'f>

rtrttr.t.ua::r.t.1.rtLttuaau

f-oi

tt ~ :: u 11

lALlt-~J.111tt , LrtLI\o1U~Uli.Lr.::r.u. llLlllf\f. '!' I " < tl -t.lA 1f.t.UG::.r.t.1. 1\llllf.LM.::t t.1.19111lllll.tUM. ... p I

t-Qft1LIA~1 LG1f\r.Lrtll\o11l~

r. LU rtr.U t-li!H::r. t.\ "

t-.r.UL rtll U1LU .t.Ut-~ ml::U 11 "' t-~mJW

.tUt\t-Qrtlt-LlA •

ftllr.rt ell" tl.Q 1\>o

t-ttUf\LrtQlll ,...

LrtUGGLRUl Lll::r.M.L M ell" ttQ~1Nl

tltl

•o"-,.

.. ,.

(Lr.::(\

n'tn::.r.

"J:'

"tl.llot-QJ.lt.Ln.t-~1Hl.1 Gr. ';l Ill

Lt.LU

t-t\Hlt.Ht.U

" "

J:'

tt"ttflllllA\ ~LHrtf\UIJ.Lf\tUttrtlll~

ttt-Q1LtAnt nr.Gf\ol.I.UlAnLtULUrtllll t-Glttrt 0 1·,,. It 'I" o 1 r.t.ua::tM. t-lllllrtH::()t-U ,, lltlt.H 1rt PP rlf.Lt.lllrt::r.t.-1. rtU\

,..

t-,.M.Ht'tlUU~IlLtt~LHrtfl,.UULf\

.. ..

f\Gr.)

""'li>"

a.r.,

UGU "P Ht.Uttl19t.1.1~LULH

llll (Lr.::~ttfl1::Mt.()~LI\o1) LrtM.Lr.

Lt. "

UU~

1\lrl L t L t1. ::r. M U 111lllllrtlli\Lllof\LIURUIALM. p I "" ,. .t UULITLlAI\llllf.L ttrur.nt-t<)11M llQGLlll~lll 1I. 0 p " .. M.Q "P M.lAt.1.lAHt1 LlAttlt-UttM.

f.LU Ll~1 ()~LI\o1::()Gt.1. lALIA1LQ1 l.. f\ltt-G~ I tl 1\ t1 '!' I t1 t'() Ulll() L 1\olt\LGt\L M.L liltt ~ 1\llllr.L M.::r.t.1. \> ~ I o p nut.n U1.1lMttn 1ttll.tAGII. rlllll.U a::u.uuc-a .. 't ,.. ... F' _..... ... p .. rt Lltllll1 L ~ f.lll.llt.1.L lA 1\lllL.r. L tt rt t r.ll:: r.t.1. "' ........ 0 p GUI\lrtHLr.t.1.Jlt.1.t-lllUWttlttlbln1 Gill II'P ,... ... 1 o 1·1\ 1

111,

urtn JJ:: .r. 1.1. n L u u

Q f.HL llot-li.L JJ 1t- ~L lt-lllll rtll::Mt L llot-11. II' tl '" ';l I \> ll "tl .. LJ,11t'~J Lt.LU RNlrtf.f\M.ll1.111lQQOtUU "p tl tl ntt.lA 1rtUl::r.nt-QI!U to"

M.liiUML llot-li.LJ.11N1 "

'f"

... ,..

(Ill IlL t L t\ ::r.t.1. ~~ llA 1M. f\1 ::()t-U) f\tl llA1 F' p ::r.M.Ib 11.1 1\lllL.r. L M.rt t r.ll:: r. t.1.U GQilt.~ ll.t.-1. .. p " ,.. .. rtr.1 t-M.HHllllAli9LHrt t-1\.HHli!Lf\f.UM. Q~ Hl

f.Uti.MJ.lf.Hlrtt-LlA

...

ttL~M.lf\GI\oUL()IlQHt-~11 JJf\Ut.LI\o " ... ,. ,..

llLn::r.LHrtQU .. nt

...

........

u L tt t.

ttUf\UJJt-~11

r.t.ua::r.tULlA.Ill4.UM.f\ 1t' Ito

f\Ut.LI\o.IJII.1 lA ll\1 ll191t1.Gl1.rtlAI\lrtlllf.t.1.t-Qn. .. '""-,."It ....... p rtll M.liiUf\ Ut-r.lll Ultl r.::n t-lll11.t LU -...-...

Ill~ ...

...........

':1

u .t au)

.P'"

r'l

tl..

... ,.

Ji>

"~'"a••

",.,.,.. F'"''"

,..

II'

nr.mJJ (Lttf.1) 1\~lAttLIAII.Lr.::r.t.-1. tl.U ,. o I 1\ '"l" Ult.1.ttf\1H1 ttUM.LlAII.Lr. OO IZI

::r.t.1.LI\o

• ..

,..

r .. • ,.

f:a>

'""

o "

lA u 1.1. nu t.n U1lAL ttH L () mL t- u nMt-lllLilll. na ,. ... ...... " " " " .. ':1 - .r.ut- .r.uL 1)1:: r. M.t-a r.1 rt n 1 ~t GlllM.Glll ,..

J:'

r.t t-LilGttf\llt ~

nL.tlArtt t-~11~QLUII.t-1Ut.Uilr.11Alll11 ~

...

ll.Mtt~

... '!"I

.....

lbULIJ.t-GI1.t1.f\1ti.I\Lllo~llo t-~11t'GlALilot-llo ''N ..

J:'tl-

::r.t.-1. ~r.Lt.lA1r.t.UG 1\llllf.Lrt::r.tAf\r.l-l.L J.1 b p .. ,. 0 t-r.lAt-Qf.UlttllAII.L .t::r.t.-1. t-Lt\tl.l\oUilt-Q r.U1 li' • • It tl.LlAII.Lt ::r. t.1. "rt M.rtllortULGf.U ~U Uf.lAttr.M. ... "' .. p ..

t-Grt1f.LUrtr.Ut-lll~MrtUQQH1 nl N.lM\f\1 1t ':1.. "" l.t" F' NIHLUrt.t11nL QttQ~1lll11rt.t1 tAL M.HL()1t\f\1

'i" T II lrl 'i" '!" tl t1 J:> LRU1Lil::.r.t.-~.L()1H1 GU LttHt-LI\o~1 Qlllt.LUU tl tilt~ tl tl 11 I I

n n

::() lA toll n, t- l l u 1t- r.m m t-It. lbuL JJlA ,.. ~> 1 ."' ,. 1t F' :: u.-~. u 1La 1~ Ill::() ll\11 u L rt~n a1 ::unL .r. rtL tA::() ,.

"'"'·,.

t.LI\oLMM.t.1.

ttf\1t.1.lA1i.1Lt. l• ~Lo (t-llU1::1i1) t-llUIJJ F' • ,.. ,. rtLllllAL t\Httfll ~UUII.Lf.t\1\o t-t\HLUrtr.11 'i" T '~""

t..ULo l.. HlillALttllL()1t1.f\1llol.tftr..r.llr.U.tUt1. l'ttl

Lt\JJLUt-LlA

r.t ::Gt-t.UHM.Lt-LlAt-Qlllrtt,

.," tta ~1li.Lr. rt .r.r. .11 r. ur.tsn t-art 1HlArtt.ll II'

F',.l"

0~1 UUUII.Lr.::r.t.1.1llt.ll::U11

llt.U lAUL()UQt\

~..

1\lrtHLf.IAL t.rtLW~tlJ. UlrtUQ l.. t\Gr.t ::a f' I • P It ' ::u 11 rurtHL r. t.1.1llr. R lA:: r. ~r. (jRLf.rtLHtiU p " "

UGG(rtLHrt~rtlrLr.~L tU llt1lAH llQt\Q rtl-l.1) ~1llAf.tiRLr.t-LilQ~t.~HM.Lt-LlAt-GliiNlll~l "':'

fllrtHL r. f.1.L ~r. r. flU 11 RU 1M lllA llt\ L lAII.L r. ::r. 1.1. p I bb b •

a::r. M. 1\llllr. Ltt:: r. t.t I \L llUllA 1LR U r. t- r. L f\ Ill .r.t- ll.t1t-ll U1::lllrtLbl::U 11 .tt.U .. p ,. 0

,..

t-Q.tt.Lni!Lnr.Urtt-IU

" ,.

rtlllt-LI\ol1!11LrtLU1191 t-~ tl"' ,. tl

F'P

,..

r.t.ua::r.t.t ...

t-Gt6lll rtNtl Ulllf\LI!l1M.1 Lr.::~t-llUtUQQ II

........ 1

~1 Ulll~lllllf\rtllr.~qM.t-lllllrtH::()

"lip

,.,.. ...

1"1- "' P· P

I·,. ....

li'

111

nL.tlArt1

f\UlllU1::()::1! 11 llUMtt Qf.H Lllot-li.Ulf.LU ,. l" t1 I 1 Ji> t1 .. tl rtLt.t-llt.LI!Urtt uum m.r.tArt1 r.1 ,..

li' "' "' .UIJ.Ht-lll.llt.\ lll t. Lnllr.bl lllt.M.Lilf.lll rtUl

• ~L Ut-ll r. f\ 1t-lllt-GUM, tl.llo 1lU.tQllollL r. rt ,.. ,. ,.. .. ' I ,.. ... 9' f> tl.Q 191t-QJJf\ ll.lltMl Ullll91t-Gttl lA li.M. ocq t-ll "'

l.. t-Lllli!Ut-rt llt.HlAJI.Lr.rtr.r.IH.Uf.Ut\t-Qrt1

rurmL r. t.\ll \t-IlL ll.ll tUt- tUL () 1::r.t.1. Lt p tl ,. ,.. tl I 0uLr.nt-llt-G1ttttLT1.LIIIt-QI\o l.. t-1Ultl.Qllltt1 ~- ~ 0 ~ ~ L rta Ill L M.Ht-llltt RorunL.r.L n::r.~mut.numa I " ':1 \.P .. ,. .. Ill l Lf\ f.lll ltt.UG1 11~1 U 1\lllL.r. LM.;:r.MttQrtH 1 ,.. ...... p p "' t\ f\1t1. 1!)MH11L ()1::r. t.tQrtl Ulrttt Utt~t\H11

LIU:: r. t.Ht L t\:: r. M. t\ f\1 Ill ll Lr. Ln::r. MQII.llo\ U rtt- () f.L lllt.GI\llll t L tt::r. M.ttn 1t\ ~t\H11L () 1 '""'

::r.ML ltl.U

...

lll ~ 1t-l llGillllf\f.lllD Mt\f\1Uilt1lA

na ~·~tl n1 L Ro1 L ll.t-li.L 1.11::1.1 mt.ua::r. Mt-llt.L ~u rt t1 ... ... ...

::Lr.W

lllt.L~t " .llMt\M.lllrt.IJt\1 lAHU ... ,..... " ,. -,..

f\UlllU1.1lMM.fl11lLt.L~rtnr."llM. llLt.qUlll .. ,..,.. . . . . . .

lllllf\rtlltlllllM t- llllLrtHt-IU , Lf\rtllf.ll\1 "' ,.. ...... ... 'i" ' • ... • " Lt.Uilf.1l1t.Htl\lrtHLtt.1. Lt.LilllnQ!.UHU L () 1::r.t.\UlA(1L r.U 1\lrtHL r.t.1.lA M.lllt-L 1\ot\L t\ L Ill p " "'"" 0 f\Ut-r.lllOQUrtt t-IH· Gr.1rtllllll 1\lllltLM. ,. II~ ... It I p ::r. t.lf\Ut.O U1llM.ttf\ llllt.L n f.ltllW. li.Ltrtr..r.ll 'r ,.. .. F' ,. r. ur. u M.t-a rt 1n. ~ur.n t- r.un nmR.nL u ~r.lll!lt.-1. ':1 F'" ,.. .... M.Utl ~1lArtL Ill

,..

rtrurtHLr. t.1.L lt-~U 11 ,..,

"~ 11t\ ttllt. Lf\f.lllD M()f.1L JJ

Urt llf\GUt'Grtf\1rt~ttM11 L () 1::r.t.1.

::r.

r ~ LllA 1flllll r.Lt\ M U11L rt1L 11.1 llllll RL.r. f' I I tl • ... r.Ut-rtt- nn tlllttltUt-Uillll~LG~.r.M t-.r.ttr.U .. ,. I ' ., p .. I ':1 "

Ill ll lr.L rt:: r. t.H llof\ Jlt.U lAit U UU QIll rt H Lr.t.-1. p ,.. .. 0 '!" ,., flNLrt r. n lllllll l.l Q Ut-ltH t\ L QIt U 1\lrtHL.r.M ~,. I f' p p .. 1\llll.tltl. :: r.M. tl. Lll!J llA 1t-IlL rt f\~U H 11t. ~ 11 p ,. ,. I tl r.t.ya:;r.t.m L llJJt.lA 1n 1 H nt. ~11 (runu I' "'• t1 p fuRt::tM.ItlllJ.1llA1t'llf\1 H11 ..

·LM.:: r. t.-I.GU) 11-

( r.t.

u a:: .

llA 1t-lltt ()~ t "'

lllr.L\Il !. l r.liRL f. ll\

n.M.urtLlllnl Hnnnt.lA1::r.~db~~o1 I '~ , I. ..

- Ulllo Lr. tU ::r.tA f\ U 1\lllL.r. LT\ rtr.r.ll::r.t.-l.t- M.H • ... ,. p ,.. ti.H 1rttU f\Ur. tt-L llGM.t.n.11::() rtlAL~l1L UUlll

t- ~ 11t-Q~Lllot-llof\UrtG.r.Ht.t

/l"';ltl

...

J:'

rtLJJt-lAL()1 ':1 " rtH.r.t.1.::r. uc-an.::nnw.

~ ttn 1::u.m~nat-Ito

ttf\1 Rt-H HlllllLI!IlllGRt-Ut-llt.L ~UM.L ttl Ill J:'P I I p 1> I o

11 .

...

YlL'I1ULUU1UUn::L'HJn11

' ~

...

LlJ~ ...

~ . ~V'IIU,UY11 ·H'I1UVLUU1UlfH1tJn

' 11

Yit'}~n

en. ~

lJt"'U

' ~ ,

~V'UU ULUti1UflUfl " "

...

L1tln11

1~nn1J

.,j

d . \JIV?I~lJ1LUU1ULLlJfi~UO-lL1tln11

~.-

~.,.I

""'

-l.

Yi1Z11nt11,.,!11Ju'lltJ <ln•~•l) hulll!lnnlnn The Lo-Ching-cha (Swing

e tivat) in the reign of King Rama V

°<11

JJLrt::tt:~LrtLC.M.Q~1Qil.Url.t1

Cl:l IA.M.Q~1ttf1 1

blt;.tl\11 &t'LlA. Cl:l ... ..

II>

M.0~10.tH

't .~ ll" IA.ItUUM.f\1

'!"

nGR.ull::tt:. L rtt.L ~ rt ~u m rJ.tiA.M. &r:-c.~ '"('

1('

I" ·n

,._..

blU~IA.M.&t'LIA.

rli\Q~1Q.tH

'I"

,..

Cit

IA.M.Q~ 1

'I"

nR. n C.L ~ rt~U 1\ l H .tiA.M. &I:' C.~ I

' OCII

...bllJrl.tl.l ...

Ubi

blt;.tiA.M.{)

IA.M.0~1ttl11

'I"

P IA.rtUUt\111

'!-1"'

"'\l'"'

..,

tt-

•P,.

blUrl.t.IJt'LIA.I'HilUblM.Q~1C.L.tl\ 1 Ubi CiiCil I\Q~1Q.tH CIICII(A.t1.0~1ttl11

'I"

·"'

IA.rtUUM.f\11'\Q

'!-

R.UU

·q

.,.

....

·"'

):"

M.OA.UU::R.LJJ C.C.LI9 It UU M.UHIA.tl &t'l~ '"('

...

' Cit

If.,

):"

'"P

Ill I

II'

,..

rtH Lf1111\oM.QI911'\f11LtOllM.M.Q 191 I

•

II>

11,

,..

li>ll

'I"

'P•

II'

1A.rtUUM.f11

,....

):"

'Cil

blt;.tiA.M (!,

-..

r:-nhttGI91

(MtJ.lQQ.tH) M.UQ ,.. ... ,.

II',

. ,.

,..

,.,. ltt'ltl

\c,.

f1l!lll.l.M.f11Url.t1GII.rt rt~U ~ell rtt1R.UUC.LI9 .. •,):" ,.. It~> I 1>\lP bit; u n u rtl n,.t u.1. ::ru R.U u rtbll.l.tiA.tt M t ~

n.t

IQ.

:'t

J.llo'-

Url.t 1M..tiA. t\&t'l19 t'OII.Ut;llll R.U Ull~L t "'ltP .. ,.. ... ? I Url.t Htl.tt' Jl.t' M.HU tt~UQ~ t'L blll19t\L~W19l "'

...

,..

rtQUt-tt~l11 uu l no.t ttn tm rtHt- 11o

,..

...

t'l19t'GIIo.t()t;llltrtLIIlGll Qt;

,.....

... I

.tiA.M. &

M.UM.GrtH1

M•.t.trtl19Uitlbl11lrtM.UQlliA.

ftHV\1\n..tLU ,.. t; lllt blM.L.tUt'J.l

II' 'r

Q.tH~ftl.tUI:' l.ltti1119M.HL U

•

iCp

LtUrl.t11A. (UJO:>pde

t\rllGQ.tHM.rllrtH1

,..,.

JO :l!dOJ.L) .tUt-rtUL.tbllllJ.LIIo11lbliA.LG::.tli. .. 1-

Qt;

...

t'M.HitliWalbtSL J.lb\1

II>

...

"' ,.

...

o IS, It

1\-

....

19~1:-llUttiA. Sop

\l ,..

b\1 rli911\QitlU11t'G.tt;

iC ~

,..

... iC

rl.t blR.U:: 1\H Lt ULUL () 1::.t ltM. 11rtl .tUt' JJL

,.... ..

...

"' iC

•

rtt;LI!~ttGI91M. L

OllliA.Lrt.tutL&1::.tmrtatll

p ...

!i-

UR.llflll.l.tltf.\liA (ll).trlUTrtl.t) rtL.t::tM.Ll "'

1- ...

Gllrll9l rtH1 f1tt111 "'

(1A11.t1A.ll.tllla)

' 71 'Cl:l

.. ,..

(blt.RtiA..tLU) rt"LUbl

):"

M.GI91Q ll19l ( t;t-QrlLUH rtnllllA l rt.t U tO II.) ,.. "'" , p ,..p ... ... It rlbliA.Lrt.tU tO II. t' M.H 1,1 t' Q t\19 1\IJ 11L &1::.tl.\rt p

...

"' ,

::tULrtM.W11 t'G.t llblrtt;Ut-lii.L .trl rtl2 L tt' MH iC ? .P .. I \" ttGtllLG 1Lt;1f1&::& t-\ M.IA.M. rtH nnn mn. iC

l>ll '1"

J!»

,..

II.L.t UU t-Ill::& U rt U ()LM. L Q rt ltl1 Ut' Q .t ll)R.U

,.~

•~>"P

,.'"P,

?"''"

rlGM.HrlQ ~ t'rlM.Ut'rl11::&UQQ.tllllJ.LU

QU II'

-Ill t::.t r M.rtH ~ f1M. f11 L lQ lliA.I9 ()

\l 1

J:"

II-

t U.11L rt

ll''r' ,

rtH 1 f1t\ll)ttf11llM.UQllrli,,1~{)::U.IIl11 It 1\-

!i-

19\S Cl:l

t'IA. R.rt11JL .tbllllll II. 1rlbliA.LO::.t m Jl.t' t\1\~() ~

,..

'i"t'

iCP"'

UG bllRlblM.J.lt LlUil.t11A.I9~t-llrt1 n~rtUU "' ,. "' ,. I I'> 'I" "' ~ t; ,. M.t::&U 1\UL() tUt'ft UL.tbllll.llllo1rlbliA.LQ PJl '" ,.. "' iC P "' ::.t M.t-JI.t'tHU~ ~tlrlltU R.UIA.LlUrl .t 111.~ l\r:- lll rt \" \" : '",. I ~ '!" $> t\Q U.tj1 t\111 rlUIIlUL.tlllUJJLIIo11lbliA.LG::.tMt' Jl. l,i> iC p ,.. ... iC p ... 'i"

t-M.H19~bllRtiA..tLULturl.t11A. Qt; lbl.lll.l~(i, \"

...

1?1'",

~,..

lllLt-LII.UJI. 19(i, 10

M.rtlltn M.LrttUL.tl1llll11

iCI>

lL UUt-19~ () 'P llbliA.LO::.tr.~t-GIIo.t&L~llll I

p "'

!'>"'

"~M.L.tUt' JJLHrt,

LtlbrtLJ.lLA.Lllt'L rlQ I

Url.t 111.~ l\R.rt1UL.tl 11.1

•

.,,.

...blllO.tl.lrtlblGllM.~L.tUU ... ,., lllo

::M.H.LtU.LUL&1::.tt.1.

· ~r~~

(1A.f1.t1A.,.Ut.t~) ....

(::rut.tU)

...

' I!D<~~ ::n.L.Ln

::II.L.tttQ

....

(.tl.ll.ll.lftG.tH) .trlU11.lUrt ~

Cit t-IA.Llrtltt;rtt.tb\11 1\Ut-l!::&rlQt; 'J I I I rt1 L.tlbl t\11191 II.LtUIJlliA.I.~Ilt\1 rt.t1::&bl11 I 1., o I It ,. ""' ~ t' 1 II.L.tUULHft Url.t1rl1A1~ (bltR.tblM.Ul) ,. ,..,..,. '' nnLR. rt1 n 19m L rtH L rttt II.II.L .t u r:- Ill r:-

lU 11U UU t-19 If

II'

't'i'I>'"IP

!>'

\l',

M.t oCI:l ::Urt1.wn1 R.UUtLI9tllt1

I" ..

I.,..

· o.e~t

(UR.lllllU)::II.UllblJ.l

...

(161LR.L.tblG) ::H.t.tLJJL.tblG

'"lEI ::u~

::H.t.U JJW.i.n

·pe

::JR.A.1

bllll.l •.,.,,.

....

ruruimn.tllllllG ,.

(LJJU1ULGG.tH)1.1U1

(LUIIltllUUQ.tH) lUblblU

P,..IC I

?'P

•

rtuu r~~,. n.tur~nLMGrt1::un I

M.f11f1M.

.tiA.fl{)t't 19rtt.t tU11tli.Wt-~lbM 11'\tQt; P'" iC I'"P'"II> Lt; JICII M.llot'llM.{)r~t-M.Hlt;MIIobl11t'lllM.IIo t ~ ... ... t 1l 1 ~ ~ t'LII.M.I11ftt1t'()tl.l11 M.lJICil uartrt.t11t'LIIo iC P' 't ..... .. ,.. ~ iC M.f11f111 n1 MGUI.l1U.t1A.M.{)::U.1.M.M.UL{)QIIl P' .. I'l-l \l' PP .. ~ I ll,, JICII M.lloltUrlt1l.t11A.f1Ut'tbl lb,.1.1M.t t ~~ "' '!"'" p .. LtUrl.tliA.QU t'I\Ht1tM.Lt'tl9rtlll119l MH1 I "''1"11> t' '", P/C~P M.LMt&t;l tlnt&::.tMIA. rtUU czte rtM. ~~~~I:' lA. I P'" 'tl ,.. .. ~ A.UUtLI9rtUUM.1 19t.t1

1A.f1::1AIA...u::tllltlla

'71"1

IA.fl::IA.IA.llMMn ,.

(LJR.ttll) ::Jl'Jnll ' 10 1Zl

' 'PIZI

::rutLJJ ' "1"1

' Cii!ZI (161LR.Lt.t

' ll.e

·qe

(::tlltll&) L.tbl() ' 'f>Cil ... ·czte ruru~t;n ... ,..

...

::lllllH 'Cl:l<~~ ,..

· o<~~

-MMh .,.,. ::tt.Lrt

·o.

,..

IUH.tl ''P

IU.tll · ~ "'

M.lllM.rtlblM.L.tUt' JJL M.~.t.tl U rtM. 11.1 '

'!"

'",.I

rt UULG119M.HLU::&Lrt IUL.t ltlb\11 o

LtUrl.tlttt't1Hf11tf11f1M.M.QI91 Cii\Cil 11f11rtUU I ,.._\"II-):"': J.I? I czt<~~ f1.tUf1() ~ H ~ rt UU rt Llll r I M. L ~j .t () t;l I

.tiA.M. {)t-ti91A. R.U Ull 19ft UU

t' M.H f1 flll) lA. L Q t' l19 t' Q II. .t () t; t.t L U 11 U t 191 !>' I'I>P "' ,. ,.. t'GnLIA. t' ll1Hti1ULIA.1U M.QI91 czt<~~ M.l11rtC,..t

rtGI91Q~I{ "' ,.

·"'

7/CJt

,P.

....

'!-II>P'

'!"

" · p U,.trtn " -JJQ 'Jl rlR.rt ·~ (L.tiA..tLQQ.tH) b

LtiA.G

,..

.tb\J.llUL.tHlt'LIA. lllM.L.tUt'J.lll~rt LlUrlt1L.t 1

IA.HrlQ

...

JJLrt.tlllMC.M.G~1GII.Url.t1

.......

Lll rti~Lf1MR.M.I11 (M.rlLR.rt1) R.rt1UL.tY iC I II- 1l ):" p. I M.II.UrlrlbliA.LG::.tU.LQ1QUL.t 1 C.U11Lrtlli.W 1l p.. •"" IC , I IA.rtl bll l rlll9tllljfl.t JJLHL llo1ftUl M.Q M.Mc.t.~ 't I IC"" "' iC ,. ,. ::&b\11 M.UGU::&b\11 tU11 U rtM.blM.f1119L I

"""'•

....

...

I>,..

11-P' \l'

blllrl.t UN IA.Itl,,lll t' l.lM.Q~1ll.tM. 1 U bl Q.

blU.tiA.t\1\HIA. ,.

"'"'

IA.M.Q~1M.f11

b\lj.tiA.M,t'LIA. 0. M.OI91Q.tH

...

II-

...blt;rl.t... J.lt'LIA.Mrll A.rtlM.Q ,.191 C.L.t ML Ulll

t'JI.

llll,,.tiA.M.()t'LIA. 71 M.Gl!l1QtH 71 IA.M.Q~lt\111

...

... I Ito t , "' ?' I M.Q RU lH b) UL~ rt I.W M.LtHIA. M.() t' l ~ "' I I (' ,.

'" p

111:' 19f119L UM.f11::& U blt;.tiA. 11 &rtllllQ U

Ulrt

...

...,

M.M.lUIA.M.{)rlQMUGllt'Ut'rltllll.lLUrliJ1Q.tH '..

bllm .t J.!H IA.f\ t;L ~ UrtM.Q~1C.L.t M. 1

Ubi

nrt1~LrtrlR.f1Lc.ttG~1GII.Url.t1 I? ttQR.UU '" fJ

t'LIA.rtt;LtM.llMQ~1C.L.tlt1 ~ ~

rlLGM.Q ~ l Q.tH •

t'LIA.

-.t).!l.lltlti\Q191QII.Url~1 71 IA.M.Q~1M.f111'\Q I""'~'"',. 11-P''"

....

R.U U.trl U1 t;Uft C.L ~ rt UU ttLH tl.\M. &I:' C.~ • fl fJ ,.. , I I p ,. b\Url tJJHIA.M.rlLU l\UU,.U1.Q~1C.L.t M. 1 Ubi lt\UtiA.Il {)HIA. ~Cil t\0~1Q.tl~ CljCIIIA.M.Q~1ttl11 ,. II'I" III"

...

JJLrtUIIIblULti\Q~1Q II.Url.t1 Cl:l IA.I t UUM.I11 "' '" I !r ~ I> '!" I ):" M. GR.UU LU bllll U C.L ~ rt ~U ltLH .tiA.M.{)t-C.l!l • P "'P

...

ll)U.tiA.tt{)HIA.

...

Ulrtll.rlt.lJGLC.M.GI91QII.Url.t1 <~~ IA.rtUUttf\1 '" I II> It f'1" I I" ttQ R.UUM.C.UGUl9rtiWttLH.tiA.ft&t-C.I9 · ~

IA..tLU LC.Url.t11AibnLIA.ULUUIA.1rtt'{)f\t'.tlj~1 I I> '!" o , I> !>' iC \., f\M.M. OCII 1\0~1 bll,,rl~J.lt'LIA.M.rllrli\UI\Q191 .. It II... ... .. "' tL.tttLUbl blt;.tiA.n&HIA. o&

....

(::IA.fl.~rtlG.tH) IA.f1.t1A.ll

IA.I\Ql91M.f11

LltlG ~ 1GQ.Url.t1

11-

-L.\f1 t IA.ll M. M.f1 C.L l9 rt UU ttl ~J.tiA.tt l\t'l19 ,.

b\lj.tiA.M.()I:'LIA. fl M.Q~1GLH fl IA.ttQ191Mf11 .... .. II"' 'I" ... P' Lrt::nt.LYL C.M.Q~1G II.Un.t 1 Clt"'IA.rtUUM.f\1 0 I 11- t I> '!" I ):" no r-tull::m c.L 1.1u 19 rt i!urtL N .tJAM. &r:-t~ • .,., ap ,. "

"'P

...blljfl.tJJt'LIA. ...

rtUL!iU.tUf\Q~1tL.tft1 Ulll

JJLrt161LR.LQ

P MQI91G.tH P IA.t\01911\f\1 ,. ,. ,. 1.- ,P'

LlM.Ql!llQII.Url.t1 °c.t IA.rtUUI\f11MQ R.UU I !;It ,1> , '!" I p:o ,. (' -::lU\LJ.l '.U.~f1C.L~rtUU rtlll tiA.M.&I:'ll9 ''P "

1 Ubi -.tllljfl.tJ.lt'LlAM.rlL11llrtrtQ~1tL.tl1 ~ ,.. .. bll.!.t1A.f1()t-LIA. ~ M.Q~1GtH ~ IA.t\Ql91M.f11

.....

JJLrtJR.II.1Llrt0~1QII.Url.t1 P• IA.rtUUttf11 I "' Y, "' 'I" I I" R.UUJA.II.lt.L~rtUUM.LH.tiA.M.&t'C.I9 'Cl:l M.O '"

...blUnt...i1r:-LIA.rtt;LllR.lnuta ,.191ll.t n LUlll

Ylrtii.LJJl LC.M.0~1QII.Url.t1 O.<~~ IA.rtUUM.f\1

,..

(I~UJ;)

XOU!Ob3

"blC.R.tblM.J.lt, LtUil.t1t'~U~

Llt'.tlllll o

,.._,.

M.lUQ

It=-~

19Q,,UlULIA.1ttt;t'LUUf1UMlt'LUU ,.,

,.~,..

,.,.

pr»

L~IU~LI.HUC.LU~Il1ftf1.1t1.1lQ 1\tULt[ll rlltiL\ '!' ,. o p ll" It ,. • ,. L1p .,. - LG :;c. H lllt\L C.U 1:' ~ ftl Ill U 11 Ulltlt:; t M. rll tll ? Q J.ll:' 1\Hitl Qllf.U lA t\lrti\L tt.\::U 11 Jr ,. I F-'"" 0 p

,.11Ltlllolt\~UtrlQC.1 .. ~

ell• tlGI<l1Gl!

,..

C.UI:' rt ,. (ltrlLU

,. "' t·"'

,..

~-.,

......

LtrlllllALGI:'t~

'P"'

U Ull t\f1.1rlllllA.L Gl:'t~G ll

.-..

......

p •_.

Ill

1-,.

, . , . , . .....

...

~~~,.,

!>"'

.....

It il

';I

.,.

t\lrll.tl t\ p .ttUG::U.~ ...

';I

~~ Grtl "Ill ~ll\.tl! rlli\L(.LG::tMLUI:'Gftlli\ "~t "~';I p .... (rlLtLITtl!)) rltt LIT.C.Ii)!I.I.\LIItfl.Lt\lA.UlA.LlA. ,.~

, .. J#

,.,...

ronL .t Lt\ rtr..c.!l. ::.c.1.1. L t u c. 11

t\lrll tUt::.t I.Ul LllU tV. 1 p

•

,.I

1- "

ftt\L ~f.1. 1~L t;

t'f.l

...

\,o.

oo~

';I

.tLU~ ~Lft 10

,.,1

,..

u t\tll ron IlL tl.tUtM.U11 1p

'11.\lltLC.::.tMLLmtiiLJ.l

-../1

... ~ _.

::ti.\LIIo::U11Lll.f1.1:'GC.l!1rltl!lftGtl.1.

" "

lf'

tl"'

\...

,. p

...

1\LG t\lll 'P t\lrtHLtl.t::ll11 [l.tLtlA.1t\lrlltlt\ I

::.t I.\~11UGI!ll llo1Lrt1UI.1rlltll tl /l

,. ,..

,..

II-

... ?

•

( rlltl fl till ~

/("'

"'...

1\t ~~~~ IT! f\1\!I.LJ.l 1'1.1

...

R.U U t\lH

,..

j;'

~ 1:: c. M)

(t- G L\. GL

...

,..

•

tiL\$1>\i(

....

I'"'".

...

';I

:;~rt11

I P

...

, ..

/( !.11

(f.

'"1 t'lA.f1..t[l::U11UUH

t\ULILLf1.11:'LlA.

r:> ..

'.J

llll lit rll IJH rlA.Ilft trl ~1lA.I.U t f1.L ~U l!)flrtlllt 1 ...

.... ,.

lllU.tlA.Il~l:'llAGllrlL\1 lllllltt'lA.rtt.c. ... • ,. fto L-.-... ~

Ut\LrtGI!l

...

"' 1"?

s-,.

L\1:-lHtl Lrt[ll ltULilftGI.aH11:'~ ~ 1:'t\IU\G~1 't I "' "' ,. I II' s~ • ~ LUt1::n:;.t Grtlllltu~LUt;ttrltl t\rtHitt\

U~f.\UL.C.Nl t.>b ~

•

r· , ,.

I'!"

...

"",.

r» ,..

1!)1 f1.rllA.1LftlillJrl.tlli:'Ll.(U~HLG11ll11 nl GllU ",

IU~;L llt\fl.11lll!C.lA.Il~I:'LlA.Gll::~.c.l!1 ~, t\U ,.. 0 p-. ,. "' It ""',. LHL!Io1tlrlt\Gt-Jt\Ut\GIJUlA.11.Ul!)1 rtt t\Ulllo1

!I.LULrtl!).t.C.Ut\f\1

o !>"'

...

LttA.::Il11 1,.

tli\UL Ultl~I:'L V.lb!I.L.C.[l ? p

t\fl. 111\l.!rl .tllG ll

alb l!L J.l!I.ML trtLWrtt.C.

11;

II-

...b ~

LUii\::U

.tlA.t\~1:-t~n.un~v.LGt-t~t-Gn.c.~~lllt

,. ? .... ,. .. R~lll LLUrlt1lA.IbrlllA.ULUUlA.1ftl:' '!' o 1> 11>

t\Htl

~~......

';I

~t;C.lA.I\~HlAf1.1\Ut\tt\f1.1t\

...

•'"

II-

)

~ .....

HlA.rtt;L t\rtt\Gl!)1tl.t t\ ~ Uli\

ltG~1G.tH

p lC ,.. "'· "N• rt.t11ntt\1 llll!rl.C.ll

Ulftt\llJl:.lflt\G~1Lt; ,. lr '

l~t\HLU

nrt l.l

llll;.tL\.t\ ~I:' LV.

,.,.

"'·f:"

t,.ll,.

p ,.

l!l!;rlC.UI:'LlA.llt\M.LllrtUt\G~1tLC. t\, Ulll

"' ,.

I\Ufl.GU::.c.n~~tr::ll11

t\fl.HUHLU

[11

li-

';I

f:"

t\G~1GlJt\l\ "',.., " LU

ell•

II'"'

1> t\G~1Gtll 'P lA.t\G~lttf\1 Ulftt\lt;L!rl ,.. "' 't Lti\Gtj1GIItUrl.C.1 ell• lAft\!Ut\ll.11tG RUU I • !? l,i'. I> • '!- I J'!" 10 p roro t;l!rltlllli\GtL~rt ~u m~.tV.It ~t-t~ "Ill!!

t\ ~ t\lrtHLtf.U tltH1::~ 1\C.LUHI Wrtllll ? 1f lr ""0 "t\tuL-I.ITI rlli\lALG::.tf.~lllt\LC.UI:'I.l • ,. I' lop "' p rtlli) UUUIItl.t ::.tl.trlltll.tMrllltl rltGG J.ll:'t\H

LITitrl.tli)1!1.1.\C.LUI:'tlttlll "N

rlLtUrtrlC.I!)GL!)

t\lrtllLC.I.tGI.\IItl\1 ::~11 p 1 ~/(It

-Lffi!).C..C.UI\f\1 llt Pill [11 Lt.! Ill ft.t111ll11nt\ b I? ,. 1.1 f I ,. t\LU\lA.1ftl ~\!~rlU1::1llftllllH~U~M H~::U11

"~L.t 1:-ll 1llltll,. tUI:' JJ""' ,.. rllllL\.LG::t f.\

·.ttLUii\::UR.UU~I l:'t\HLL!ftt11 Cit• t\Gl!)1 ... .. ? ""' '!~ "' , L tUlA.n.L.C.U t\lfti\Ltf.~ 1!)1 tLU::.t[lt\fl. 1 ,. I

L Ll.[l tltu. 1t\lrll tL I\::U.Utrlll1 ft.t t!l.lll.tLM t o p I> I" I ( Llftl~ t\lftHLC.I ~G .C.HlA. t; l ~Ibn. t\l rt 1\ L .t t.t) ,.. ? " "P

uu u ~ lbr\ 1G 1.\ lltrt L u

Lrl!l. rlG .tUHU L ~ 1::.t Ut\Gii) lltL.trt.tC.ll. ~ -C.U.tl!t\I:'Grt1 t\lfti\L.tM ttLIH lllt\1 p 0 " I\ t\lltl.trtt tll.tlHI;t\1:-G rt1 1-

t\lrtHL.C.I.\t\LI1.Lilllt1 lJULtiTlA.t'~ lkt\lU1 p • 0 ~ l ''t,. ? t\fl.llll~ rl r. l.lrt LIt) rllll L\L G~tl!) 1:-GIIo .t~t;lllt p... ... ? ... ~ ... L G1G lll:' lb lllU.C.lA.It~I:'Ll~ftL Ill t\lrti\L t UI:'GIIo 11-t''-,. p ftHI lllltLHnl Lllo11:'rll::~V.Gf.t1 t\H1H1 tt I loll> ,. I' It( • 'i" \t P t( Itt( ~ tlli:'L L\.1:' lltl llU~II:'~t\ 1!\l!.C.lA.Il~t'LlA.fl. Uli)L!rl

\1.

tAft~ t\lLtf1.lli)11Lftt\l\llt11tf1.1::~t-t;tLU fL 't ~ I \i I p 1\f:'GfloULU~llftLI!)ITt t\UI:'Gilli:'GU~~GUilGI\

t\11H1 l\)t;LJ.ll\tL~tllU1ljU~t\HLUI:'G t~1 '"P 0 ,. QftUI

"PP'"

,., ,., LtlAW .,.0

"un.Gu::.c. n lll~.tv. n,.~t-L tA.::u 11 ,.. I."

.,.

....

U~f.tUL.t

...

,. "'? (l.llftuli\I!)U)

Gilt

,.,.

.. ,.

-lll::U, GllttA.t\lUlt\f\1 , R.UUt\1\.tlLUii\::U ""

.,. !tP I'!" 'p ,_.., KUU~lt't\I\L~rt.C.11 a~~• t\G~1

? .. ~t' ' ,.... G l! u ~ H n n. lbW .tv. n ~ H Lt G u n " l

,..,.

Lrtlll.tU~fl

,..

,..,.~

';I

li'

"""

t\lrll.tlllft.t.t!l.::tf.lt\f1.11:'11Ht\~Lt-J1

,.,~

t\G~1 tl .C. t\ll ft::.t[lllll!rl .C. lli:'LV.fl. t\ ,.. b ,.

,..

tlG~111f1.1U

Ht Pill IT1 Lt.!~ rt.t 111ltli)11f1.1t ,.~, ::u.mrn~l

l!lt;rl C.lli:'LlA.I:'lA.G ll

...

1:'Glt\t\t~11Lrttl~U~ll:'~lllt;.C.lA.t\MLL\. ell• ',Jtl '"~': ... ,. t\G~Ifl.UHI!lU li)l!rl.C.JJI:'Ll1. ~ lA.UL.tl\lll

(llrlLU~Ullf.t)

li\t\LC.UI:'llrl~lA.LG::tf.1.

t\LllUtlA. 1(1 ~ t U11 .. "

';I

......

'"" ,.

t-t~rt n.m!l.t.Lt- u ';I II' ~!> ... So

1:-Glt\ULLU~~I:' ~lltl.trt.t.c.!l

·"

- C.UC.t;llt'Grt11:'LLHU11i\111:'1ll

LR.Ullrl::.ti.\L ~11l1G.tt-Gii)lltrl~l 1:-Glt\Ull\ ~~w t\ ll !l.t.\ L Ll..tL 10/(lt';ll"'- o I

t\l!

n.ttL\.1 c.tu bG:: .t l.t n.u n .ttlA.1 i't\lrll.t Lt\ ::.tt.t ,.. , . ,.. ~tlA.I:'G.tlWtllA.IItL.t::tf.Lt~11 Urlt-G.tt;lltllA. ~ .. It -lltL.t::.tl\l• tlA.t\f1.1ll1,11tl.t.tU::.tl.\t\f1.11:'t\ll ? ,.. r:> t'

Ht;U G Lo

~'!"!"

1"?

[11 Lllo1lAt\lrtHL.C.f.\Lt\HtlU\~I:'Ii)l:'.tL\I:'~ .tLU "'" '!-?. " ,. " , ... t\lA rtf Lrt rlU.t I:' Gill U rtG .C. 11:-L lA t\ ~1 .t L U 1!)11 !1 ML L\L t\1\tHit f\1 Lrt L RU l Lrl:: .tM.L~1 1\~ ~.o"•"' pa "" Lrl!l. rlG.tYHU L ~ 1::U.1. LrtG~ItGI!llltL.trt.t.t!l.

-.C.U.t l! t\ 1:' G rt 1t\lftHL .C.f.1. t\ L t\L li)t\ 1 "' ,.. p 0 " t\lftHL.ti.~I:'GIIolblJL Ut\tt\f1.1f1. tt t\rlt\G ~1 ? ,. 0 , . I'!" ,. 11;'!' "' n. L t; rl LG 11. G ~1 t\ll rt ::.t fl li\~.tL\.t\~1:-L lA. n.u " '""" -.. ,. ,. rtl!L.C.Urt

.C.LU tl.a11tl ~UI:' ~HUL ~rtG~H lt\UI\GUt;1 10 10 ll I i ~ '" Y ~LI.l ~ .tLU\~:; .t 1.\f\U rlltllUG ::.tl \ 1:-GIIo C.~ t;l p

(rt~LtUrti\G~1t\lLrt::.t[l)

'Ill,

rlt\G~1f1.Lt;rlLGt\G~1t\fL1Ut\t

'!'

fl.t\1.111 (rt~Ltt\lli\G~1t\llrt::c.n) (lLGitG~1

al\ 11

fl.W

......

fl ttl\ 1t\lrll.tl t\::.t t.\U 11L rtl lllo 1rlltll 1

llt::L.tf.\11\I:'L~

~...

""'ll

~ t'LillllL~l.lll~::un

1·

"'It.... "'p

l"l""'j;' "

5o I

j;'

tl UUt\Lt\LitiH 1 &

- ~~llf.t) U ~I.WLC.Illlll.ll !1o1ft C.1 rlllllAL G:: t f.\ .... .. ... ,. ... " '!'? ... V.rlQ IU~;L Urll t l till rll t[l rt ll.MLttt 1\1 ~I

~~ t\tLUULUlltL[ltlll!lHfl.UL!Io1 (rllt[l lc I 't "' "'"' ,. il -rtrl C.l!lllM.G l!) rllt[lrtrl C.li\1 llt.~l:' llrlLrlllG t\l ft H L .t M. 1:' G flo U lA. fl. L .t U L t; L G 1 rt t .t G rt 1 ? 0 It , llHUI.l11\f1.111LC..tUI:'ftt'rl[ltlllrtl.tUI:'l.l ll"."' ,. ,.

.,.. ...

rlllllALGI:'tY~.tHC.~

•l"

?"'

rltl!)rll lA~U Ut\.111 ll ll rltl~ftt 1

10 Pll il"?'tr t\lllt'Lil.t1.111UttLUUlA.f1.1Jtrl~H\IIt1 l'j>'" 1"1

"'r""".

rltl!)fl.GU::C. ITLft lll~rl t ll~LlALG1 Uli\11 lbt.!L ll It fl. 11lllHlA.IHt'LlAG l1t1.llM.G~ U~llL\IllU11:' ll I? ... ,. 't ,. LltlAG!Iol:'llltGrtHtllllU.tlt'LrlG ~ rlll:' I 't /l 11> I ~ p ~ I "' I rlltl[l.tlllllMit fl. 1Url t1L rtli\11 rlt~rlGftt.t t\lll tl 1\oL fl ftrl.tli\1 Url .t 1rll; 1lArlL t[l flrl.tlllll M.l:'ll rll rtll::~~l:' ~ .ttUG::tf.tt\L ll UtlA. 11:' lltl 1.1U n.LUHU rtrtl G.tllrlt~LIItl:'lltl.ll.tLUrt::~

rt ,..

.ttUG::U.~HlA.rtrll\

lb Llltl:'lltlll11:'lltli.1Uft

t'""' Soli...... lllA Ut\ f1.1t1. G 1:'~11UJtl 1\.L I·Jrllfl.::.t 1:' lltl UU "" ~~

"''"I?'"

ftltl 11 t\lrl L .t L lt::.t fML Utrl Ult\Grllt L[l .till 1"1 ? ,. '!' ,. ,. !I.M.t\f1.1LtUGf1.lll:\ ~l ~~ LI1.1GMLG1rtltl!

1<>"'

~Ul 1Uli\11 Ulf1..trllko1tUrttlUt\L GllGftH 1U Lrl ~ 1 L ll.Htl t~GIIort lttllltl lllftlllll lA.lA!I.M 0 0 't,.. .. IJ11t\ltrlt1 L[l.tlll!lf.\ ~.t 1L ll

RL.tC.Ut'ftt'rlflt lllltltUI:'l.lrlllllALG::.tM.I:'t 1 ~ "',. ,. P "' p b I t\.tt; tAft t.l.trlA.U 1U l (\.ttlA 1t\l!ll .tU\1:-l.lltL G ';I 1? ... 0 RI:'Urt .t fl. I!\ ll JJG l.l t\lllUt\lftllL.t f.t::U 11 'tP "'

1:-t\llt\L Gllltrtl tAt\ Ill U t\lftlll .t 1.1. '" I o 't? -::tWtlllUtlA. 1Lrtf1.UUt\ HU L~

tL~fl.U~IllRUUtL~ft ~Ut\fl.ltt t\

t'rl[ll ll11[lC.tlA.11bllt1 l:'t\HftlAL~LUt11:'ll ,. L,l \, ,.. I f "' ~ RNHt.tf1.Htl1.11 rlGG rltUUt\1!\UI':lllltl:'llt ? .. " .. " " ... LI.'1NJ fl ttlA 1rtUp.t[lt'G.tl!1rtll11LIJt 1 Hllti:'GJ.ll:'~ 11 Utlllo l.ll ~ rlLn.::c.

(L.t::[lltf1.1:;~HH1)

1:' t\IU.~U.C.Ilrt rt ( t\lrll.tl tl::.t f.tn .ttl n.1:;~ 1:'~ ,. ,. ,. p I' ll" fl .ttlA. 1 t\lrll.tl t\::U.lf1.UtrlU1 !l!M\fl.lrlltl[l p ,. .. ,. .... ... ll" !l.f.t) .trlL~1t\lrtJ.ll ~~Ul[l.ttlA 1::.c. tAfulltllL~

c.l ~ ,~ • d L'Ull fl111J 1'!1 t>lJ 111\Jl ~n~ 1\J ~TI'i <I

... 'IS

~lllJ ~1 ~1 flHIIJl~

~ d Ill ~ "' "' 'IJ{)~~11{) 1fi'IV II n::L'II 11 fiV'UO'UVlH'IlU m-

II m:fl()

l'U ~1tu n U 'U L{)ll1fl LlJ ~ ., ' ., d , .... ... () lWtJ t'l ~VI1~1Jl::1 tJ (){)01 'Ull L~ lJIJl\11 1 tJ~n U "-

'tth.:~n~lJ

fl\Jl

-4

.. , , nvnu

(91'1U1n::Lfl~uu nJ1J1 ~)

~'I \I

._q

LU'I-1\HJ-l~:: l 11-:~n.holfl~l

TR PIC

NCER

0 \ll\lllltJ\nl1 uTIH11JltJ\l

•

mno (u) ...

...

l~Oll g

~ ... d (n.m)

~ ') (nun

'I l~Oll

i'l ·nt

ClllJ1CJI1JU1

~~a·u Cl)

i'I1U::1JH1

l~Oll b 1i'll'U1Jli'l

IYiull eo flll'lUfi1Jli'l

•

UT M

...

tll(ltJ ( il ll'!l ~)

f111fi1\11Q'I 'I

•

lVIOU

., Glll

l'tillj1Jln

.. "q~n.. On~

., d

0\.ltJ ( 'UH)

1Jnu

tH1ltJ'!11Jli'l

11J'l.l

...

1nU\lllll1\ll

•

...

lYIClll &

n~n (U1JtHJo~)

(un::)

1Ju

VERNAL EQUINOX

~Ql\li1Jli'l

(um)

...

'I ~ • I~OlltJ UlJtJ1Jli'l

•

TROPI ...

PRICORN

...

llOlJ OlltJUliHHli1JltJU

~.j'i

...

'IJ{) ~ ~ 'H {) 1 VI \Jl V LVI tJ \J "' "' ~c.~ t: -4-11 O'UVI1'lnl Vllfl\Jl L'UU1~ OlllJU ll LlJ {)() {) IJlllJ 1 fl l fl ,

\Jl1lJLt'IUf'fUtJt'I\Jl'n::LH\111Ln011\J~{){)0 c.l ~· ..~ r. ' ~

'liO\JtJIJl'lii\JlllJ~1tJU L~()U~

L'UU \., 910

;\Jl\JllJ1t'l

(1n"'u111i~1"'1J1 ernal Equinox) ..

"4&

'-t

th1fl'I-'H']~f1 11flLlJtlU ;JUfl'lL~{)U • n10{)1fllJL~VU d tl1~1CJ.JlJ1t'l (Tropic of

'IJU

•

Cancer

utumnal Equinox

.,~"".,.,

{)\JI\Jl11tJlfl·ll()fl1~lJ1VU tl1tJUci' -!1 • ' , "'

..,

llll;:) Ufl'l ...

{l~lJ111flt'I~H <I

1~uu

'"'

~ "' <!" • "' ~

11flOUtJ

;:)Utl~L~{)U\JiinfllJ •

u"'fl1tJ'!IlJ1t'l

(fluVI1~1"'\Jl

.J. n 11 fllJ LVI{) UtJ 'U ~ tJ lJ lt'l

"' LlllJ1tJU

apricorn VIO~tu1tJUH1{)

L~{)ULlJ~1tJU "'"'

•

.fJ

... .,

"' <11, • ', , {)1tJUt'I~01lli\Jl 111) 91~{)() Ll'lt'l~

, .,ll .j d 11t'111nnnu'Uu'iu11fln1Jn

1'Jo!11'1

"'IIII

....

.. . j ..

L~()U ~ ;J\Jl~lJ1t'l (1t'IU\Jl.,.,j~~

ernal Equinox) U'UL'UUU091n '

..... <><i-ii

c:l

""', •

l'fl0{){)nL'lJUt'f{)~910U

-4

LVIV11

'lmnV~m·•nu LlllJ'IJUV nuu1 mu~ 11\Jl1lJ .. ~ ... , .... , . , t : '

fl111J fl~ 'lltl~ '!111 u u LvW 11'1 n 11u 'U\Jl'l 11 1'1

•

Qll

.J.

{)fl1tJ'!IlJ1t'l fl11fl1~• ~~~ •

11~101V1Utl1<'] tl~lJ1VIHL1111DtJ;JU

11'1)

flUl'i 1n u111n L \111l~1::U1V1\YitJ ;:J:;\11 tl'lYl'lLM

' .,

iu11u

.. i ' .,

...

uuN mnun":: lJnnulJ1Un

11111

II 11 1ViDlJ 1() ~LVI DUlJ 011fllJ

( IVI{)U{) ltJ '

...

Tropic of Copricorn) ln::n1Yl\JltJOti\J .l,

011 II'U'l

11fl~t'ltJ fl{)I~{)U

llld~

lttJ~U~

l!U~

(1~{)\1

\Yitl1fllJ

11~1JU;JUtl~

l'i1:: {) 1VI \JltJ Lfl tl {) U ~11 n

...

(Tropic of

n.:~nnu\JILHun) 91-:~uua.:~n~u~11nnnu <I~

<I L~ DUlJ

... ........

~'llJ111flYi;JO 11fl

• ...

i lJL~U\JI{)M ' ... ' "'-' .... LUVI1'll\JI

...

O?I'U'IJ II VINil!U{) ""'

II\JlH1li1U <I

flUIHUl'i1:tl1VlfltJ .....

"'IIII

IVIUOti'UlJ1m·nnuvl I;) '!11Uf1Uit'IU1ULH -.<t-l

u nw~fl11lJtJ l1VIU1 Vl1th1LlJVIV

"''

u u11

_I -4 L ~ cJ 'luf1H1'1mnJOl1 fl~'l'Ufl'll'i'l::t>l'Vl\JltJ '"aj -4 ~ <l ., I LlJ'InUflH1'1nmJu lJ" n~tll::nnLL n1'1 ~~

Ll1lJt>u1n1'ti'l'!ll

~'lfl'l ::m1mn~

q.q

1nin

~ ""' LUUnl'lLU'ltJULYltJULlllJU~tJ .:1 "" "" " cJ" 'ti'l'til'IJ\.1 l~ d I .. do; .,. ., cJ., Lll\.111 vn::fll'Vl\JltJ Lfl~'lfltltJV1Yln"-l'ln~l

lnnvJ LfllJfl cJ

.: <I I

l'i'!i\J'IH

.,.

'1 'Utl'l'l'l'lll1lJtllLHDUL~tJ

'"'"".. ~ <i " " (LLUUVItlfiUflfl'IL~tll-4) lJlJlnlJltJ 'UlVH~l

ll"l t~ .,<!! 1.:, --~ ll ~fll\.I'Vl-l LUH\.Iâ&#x20AC;˘lflm 'l'lllt1::lnl-lfiD )ltJ

Lo Cl1ing Cha (Swing Festival) Kanchanagabhun

One important ceremony recognized

wai".

by tho e of Bhramin religion celebra-

highe t e teem god ha e named the

ted in recognition

fc tival

the Lo The

aid

hing

f the

ew Year i

ha ( wing )

ceremony wa

c tival. c lcbrated

nc that recognize

ar i their

Tripawai".

c ti al, ba cd od

arai de cended to earth foliO\

ing the God

Ba ed on hi torian fact , Bhramin

n the bcl1ef th t the

i a'

bidding.

The preparati n for the ceremony

who introduced their religion to the

include numer u

and recognized by tho e of Buddhi t

pcople e pccially th

ognized a rcligiou .

religion

korn

ince of old under royal pa-

tronag of King . The Bhramin two group.

wh arc devided into

One recogni7e th

iva a their highc t . teem and more uperior the call the

\ ing

arai ( e ti al

arayana ) 'Triy mpa-

citizen

ri ThammaraJ arc wor hip the God

of NaBhramin

iva .

Thu

thc halÂˇ celcbrallon of the fc ti al 1 carried out accord1ng to Bhramin of the

i a cult.

!l owe the God

r, Bhramin

the

detail

and i

or example :

wing it elf mu t be made of cop-

per and the ceremony 1t

If i accom-

panicd by ritual

or pomp pagentry

and the re ti itl

not to forget the

plender of the main proce ion. 'ho wor hip

1va al o celebrate the wing

r C-

UNION MOTOR SUPPLY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

~.....

~ B3/B

...

llUU'U-aWUI-a (-;J\'IL\IJI\'1) n-J\'IL1iiW&J1.tlrJUA-J

•

193/9 BORIPAT RD., BANGKOK

ltu.

TEL.

21J404 ~

·~

•

UL1.1iiU1\IIrJUUirJULA-aO\'IO:: lun-anUUUI

....

SACHF MAHLE u

BOSCH

' ..,

L1.n::o::luntnu~nu-anuu~n1ilnduA .-::.

..,

u -an ~rJ -a -a -;1 ~;~1. -a 'J 111 u

•

La.JO-ariLIJii1- L'UUrl

All

11\1" n:: -a ~rJ A ~rJ 1.u

..,

u n u to \'1

u1m1m{uif, lu- mru,mmJmw, 1 '

...

.,J ,

mumtl1~rH!111f~tfmunmJ ""'

;

~n~mfln

•

.J •

...

U1ff~ O'}o tfmuntf1f1QJ

- -:.J

U1ff~U1!Jfltt JJIUiwn111ttff/JW UU1U • .# J ... ummmOJfi~1~J um~'l-11tJ

mlJ1JliFhlf'I1JJ/nflV7,7nu v

ttf77

bet' Vm

...

;

omfltJ lll'i!:?Ulillf/11ffn11 1

lft11101:.111llt9~lDllt1 utt::tDJttfl1~~JMu1 l~ntVoJlll11tu ~~(]Utf1?1ou1~'n6ulf/o 1 1 m,

1111fi11u u

b- iEJ~

rtrt

U'16UUI1~Uf\l'lnM d

LiUJM lUI

•

Ltlaii=W~UU't"JD1U.

hn.

nuuii~IJLiiU

~ 2810408

2817709

LA"JOGLUHn

MOGLUHOG

LR"JDGnOil't~GMntiUIJI

•

llflltJt>lutn

lt>LtJU\Jl'Utl~Ufl\llfl H~l'U

.. .

J 2827490

.. LA"JOGD~n<tna.l~w~

•.

•

U ... GH~n

U"'Jn~"'JADG~U ftDGL"'J~

n"JGLMWIJU~UA't

.. ..

tl1l'i'1111Vl\JilJD~ hnHII n ICnl pottery

lun UlillJ11J

"'10 'lllfHIDlJ 1\Jl101

howing the n uve of ncient VIetnam

....

~ tJ't11il1tJ~UllJ

··,;flfl:--rumm~ L~J1nflmu1-mmt ..

...

ot'

Y11JY1flfl:1umm

Luwn"'Df111l.J~ fi1'\.nu~Jf111m1nri11CiJ

~...

LLlJU 1LLflnuUl.J 12l

~1tl

...

ot'

t'l1£JVIUJ~ 1tlnLLlJU 1LLflnVIcnJ

mrn1L'tlfl't1DJ~111rn , 1fll.Jlh:LYlfl ot'

...

'1 Vl~lJ1"i1nLLf11U

flDLLl.Ju 1LLflJfltiL VIUfl

un~1tiVI~J~1£JmL~J1LLflnUDtl fllJLL~,r1fi 1VI1mL~~')Jfl~. 1fi LVI~lJ1~1nLLf11"'uu. u u 1U~1ULLf11U~Ut'lflJ~,LYl L,j'lLLflUfl...JL~ t1 LLri'TnlJL uuLL~,r1~lt1Lflt11n"un"uLL~,r1LLflJ~L~ UJ!!,,m"'1 '1 Vl~~lUL~ t:JJ!llUfltl 'tu~ JY1:L~~D11fl...JL~tl

tiUUlU

~:u~ufiuLLflU ~~,Tnrn1fll.JU 1::L Ylflfiflfl DY11JfllUfl::·rut:JDnflfl ~l1u ~Jf111fll'llnm1rmu1:LYlflqpu ~Jf111fl11 ... UL1 un , (~lLUtiJn"llJtlJ) , . LL~:Lltlfl (~1LU£JJqpu)

LLfl"l...Ufl...JL~ tl U1fl

~ JVIU~~t:Jfilu 1ULrl 1 '1

(~lL~EJJLLfl~"l)

fl...1D...m;1~UDlUV1~1ti~1LUtiJ~

L tJnum"'u

(~lL UtiJ~un~1J)

u1n

LVIEJt:J:

L;tluLYitJuLuuu"'mn hl.J"'u-)1 "vueh"

~~L;tiULUut:J"n,;1LYlt111 "t11t1VI1D£JV~" i'l~L i'1LfltiL'WUVIlU1:L Ylfl£J1tl -tlfl~ ~lLLrJD~~...nVI~J tlfll.J1~ n1!11 ~flJ ..

111mJ;U

'II

'tf1~ufl"·m"n,;111l.J...UL;t1Uf11ufin"uu"m;1;u •

fl1fl-U1n 1

LUU

LLf11UL~

flfl LLf11Wn

LLf11u,n

;JY111Ul lLUUn11D 1Ut:JflnL;E.JJ~m"j~1fl

~nn Yueh ~uu1u 'II

U11n!Jflll..l~Jf111fll'l;u1l L~D 1nfttiu~Y11ln1~ fiuLLflUU'l:LYlfl~U~l-i'tJ11'!f1J~~1VI1m-i'1LLflnLLtln , .., . . . . . . . . . . . .,,.z. """" ........... ..,.,u

Llmu

LLfli'uJ £JVI1u LV11.

....

'-~

Vl'!fl~

LLt11'uu1

...

LL~:LLf11uu1fl

LLf11uoi'fl

&.#'

LLf11U~U

LLf11ULDtiUVI1DLtiU

LLf11U~VI1DLfltl1

•

....

LLmU!! U

..i

LL~1flt:Jl.J1L ~ Jflt:JJLLVI JLLm u~ uu11UU11l.J &.#,;

....

...

a,..

...

1J1JLLf11U11lJLUUfllrn 1~n1Lfltl1nU LL~:U11UfllllL1;nLUU~n1~11fl~U Y11JU1lJ~'l:L~1,U"d!!t:JJLfl Ll.Jfl ~.fl. rn12Jlil

...

u,lUULUUl.JrnormL,LntiJ V11flYlfl.fhJ"d1) "d.,1Lm

...

flt:Jun~1JL1£Jnl.Jumfl

...

Ul~UULUUl.JtU'Yl~!!mnEJu

LL~::flt:JU 1fi~1£JmLm"'uu 1Ufl1nVI1t:JUllJU1fl

...

1"' ...

fl1Jt:Jt:Jn LU uYJ:L~lJLm:: flV11U

n:l.J'l:l.Jlrn 'tlflUL 'tlfl'!f1t1Yl:L~111L~t:JJ

( U 1lJLltlfl)

u"uLDunu'tlt:JJ'!fl1LLfi~1 u~.. 1ul.Jru"n~m1JfiJ~J , 'tu~uu11fl...JLfiui'1J1fi

~fl~-,flJ'!fU'If1fi~flll11;1LYltl .. .

(

C1uu11fl..JL~ti~Lm:LVIV1~1 Luuiiu

'!fl1~) ~lJ"t111J1ltU-,r11tlJ1UL7£JnU1:LYlfl'llDJL'llll1 tll11-tl11h1 LLfiL1~1~ L1unu1:L YlflLltlflU llJ-'!f11LltlflU 1l.J 1ui'm;tiUtlfl LU~: 1i~fl~LUflll.Jnl~::L Ylfl: flll.JLL~u~1 uu~~lJ , ...ULltlfl U ll.J ~ 'lfl Ul::Lnfl fimiuflU1lJLVIUVn"uLi£JflUllJ 1fi uYimllJ'llt:JJ;1~L,"'1uYI~LUUL~flJ1111ur;lJ"u1u11ru nDu~'!fl1 LltlflU ll.Jl: 'tf1fiuLLflUU'l:L Ylfl~llJU1n"'uL;tllJ111J 1fi111Uf111l..!Unf11DJ ~JLUU L~t:JJ 1flm~ vn:: LltlflU 1l.J LUU u1:L Ylfl L1£Jn11

n11J h,~l.J1n

fiflLUU '" n1U

LltlflUllJ~t:J~

u"nnuflil'lfl1tl1JU1:LY1n 1iLuuVI~"ns1u 1unl'l~n,;1nufli1

( -,r11LltlflUll.J)

~:nu~nD~.. 1UU1::L Ylfl;U CiJ

LUU Y1VI11nt:JJUU 1Vl~~l.J.,tl1...'!fm~~

12J n1U

VIU.,J~fl~Jf111fl11'tlflJU'l:L Ylfl~

ct. lfluu~;UL~fl ~.fl.

~ lVI'l...um1!11LYI£JU11n!J11

L1un,fll1 u 1£JVItlflJ

lfla::<£rn L1un1l~Jfl11fll1tlJ1U

LiVIu"J~fl~U...U~lh:nDun"u~Jf111fl11;U ~DUnU1u1ltUU1:1fi'tlt:JJLltlflU1lJ ~lVI1...UL;tiUUYlf11ll.JflDU~

tl~L ~"'1

, , ...

110.

t1 ~ ' ., ~T HllJ'UU\Jl1LL\Jl'I'I1UfllJUNlJ L~1

Yi-lfl11~11(\11U11

LlJU'Il'iU1'1

.~,

...

lJY111lJUUYl l1U

... ... UJtl'ILlHlJ'I

u .

.. l1'U'I'I!U ~

lNfl11~11ty1U11

~~, lJ't111lJUUYl l1U .;. ~~.~ ~ ., LlJ{)-lfl1L~U (fi'UH1) LlJtl'l!l'l11

... ... LlJ U'IL\Jl1U 'Ufl1 1'1 ... ...

111.> .

......

LlJ{)'Il11{)~U

11en .

(rJ.

LlJU'IL'IU1'U

LVI U'U) 11ci. . 11&.

•

...

LlJ{)'Ifl1~fl

•

LlJ{)-llJ1fi'Ul1

LlJU'Il11tlU lJ LlJ{)'IfiU11

...

(L1)

...

·~

LlJU'ILl~tlLYlU'U (YlULYlU'U) LlJU'I ~

...

fl1HU'Ull

LlJU'Ifl1Hfl1

' tlt/4 ~ .... \Jltl~ lfl Yi1:: L~ lll'l L1U'IlJ 'IJ\JlfiUd~

., ,<f ~

.,4,

L'I!UL~U1fl'UfflJ\Jl{)lJ1

l 'n:: u 1 u Hl'IJU'I H 1 ::L ~ 1.., n 1 n~'I

i'IU'IflU

~ Lff U11'1!111U Ufl 4 ~~

.,,

l'i1::L~1HNflflL1{)'1 w .. J Jl•

9l'ILU'U

fl~l'l1UUf11'ULt'm1'U c~n) L'U ol t ~ .,j I fflJ U'U 'UYlN U 1::1 Ylfl~ UL UUUI'I'U

... "1~1L'I!UUU'I " - + Vl'Ul'i1::L

... f1Ul'l1::

+ ' L~" 1 ~"1" fl 'U {){)'I H •1 {) 'U' 1 U l111 'I W

W4to

~'ll11~1'ULUU'U

1...

...

LlJU'IU11~ ~

!I 'IL1U'U

...

,._

.. .. J

H1U1'UIUU ~

LlJU'I'U1lJVlU

...

(L~1Ll1UU'U)

en.

LlJMh1Ln1U'I

ci..

L~U'IL.;'I,\Jl (9luui\Jl) ... ~ ~ LlJU'ILl'iUnlH'Ifl (yJm1MLUU ... ~ l't " ,· ... LlJtNHU'I UU ULCJ!'I fl) LlJtl'l "

fl'UUfl &.

...

LlJU'IU1'UUN

LlJU'Ifl11'1L1U'I b.

...

l11tJLVU'I !W.

...

" ~ LlJU'I'UlJH1U (fl11'1LUUU) LlJU'I

"'... "'

...

( !l1UL~tl'l)

LlJU'ILUU'IL\Jl'IU'U 4

. "

i'INLCJ!'I)

d. ecno

. ... , ... UJU'IY11UL'I1U'I LlJtl'l

LlJ{)'IlH'Ifll11U

n11U1'1 ... Jt LlJU'IL n1U'I h1

( UULUL'IJ\JlLlJ{)'I

(t'i.fl. l..l..d-l.l~d)

t·n::L~ 1H N(lfl L1U~ ~ Uflf11 {)'I 'Uf1 1 ~ "

., 1 .:~n1.:~ LL n1

...

L~ 1tlNLU U'IL1U'I ~

L1Ufl11 ~

...

Lunuul-n::u 11J HlJ1 1vn::

...

U n::LUCIUU'I!U1'1tiN

'ttl

LlJU'I nl1fl1fl'V1U (n1Ul1M\JltllJ1 <ol

-~~~

., ... .~.

L1UflLlJU'IUfl'UlJ) 1uu't1 ci.d Ull'l1'1ffl1i'l J

\JlHfllJU'Vl en!W Ul1'11'1ffl1i'l

l'l1::L~1illl9llJtl'ILI'l (~.fl. enenen) '1 LL\11'1 ., , , ~ ., .. -1. fltl'I'Vll'i l1 LI'IU1'1J11 fllJtJ lJ I 'I U'l ~

,.,

L1U~\J1JJL1Ufl

Yll'ilJ 11'1 tb::L YlflL1U~U 1lJ tl

.. 'I YIN

Ll'l1U1~1fllJL(\111N11 ~

...

~LlJUl'i'Ull

" 4 4 •·n::L~1UNLVtl'IL1U'I

tu LlJ n'l L\JIU'IU

,,,~.,,

LL1'11\JltllJ1Lfi1U1Vl1

Ufl

fltl'IYlH~ U 1U

u •·• flnunn u Ufl 'llJ uuu til

LlJtl'l t\HLCJ!'I

U'lf1ff ~Yl 1U LLlH 11'1!1-:Jfl

~1'111{)~11

'IJU'1Yi1::U'If1

...

-Ill

LlJtl'IL1tJ~Ll'iU'I

...

UJ{)'I

..... f1{)LlJU'I!l1'UUU ~

fl~ \Jl1U

~.,

lJf11fllJ

'"'ua"'"'l:;.,.,:a.fl~ L, v"' ,,.,.u ...

.,j

llJ 0-llli ?\1\Jfl OIJ1

., ,

LlJ{)~Yl'U11

t ...-

...

th 1001u \Jfl \J 1191 \J U'l:: ll'lfl ...

.:,

,,,J tl1 .,,lJ)NO'll lJ (ouln) 9l'lu

1u'Vll'I~L\Jl1U1~11Hfltl

.,•

...

•·n::L~1tlH-

.. .

Lu n.:~n M nu 1'11 tl'lfl u 1-llJ L~1nu'111 l"lHlJVl ~ , .. t ., .al ., ,J Y1 flfl'U Lfi1U1~ 1~ 'I \II '11'11L lJ Ufl~f11UY11'1

•

...

'U 1lJ11Vi1::L ~ 1L\'Il1U1H1tlLVl llJ UUlJ::U.JU , ~ 1-1. 4 l~.fl. enen!W ff11'111'1fll1UtlUYlllJtl'I'U11J & , ...... , .. ' " HlU (u1ilJ) fl{)LlJtl'lll1H\Jl'l l'ULLHU~'U ll .. ~ ' , , .al • ., .. <! 'U LlJtllJ u lnl ~lJ tl'IL\Jl iVl LU'Ufl~l'l1UU 1~L Ylfl ..

.,j

~'U YlH LL\Jl'l 1H Ltlfl LLflllJU 11'11 Yll'llJ1 L~1(\j ..

.. ....,

•

.,.q

Yll'll'l1:: 11'1! lJ Ill 1

"'1 'U 1 'U lJ 1 'If nltlfl uu , -1. ff111fll'l '1Jtl'll'i1:: L~ 1 L\Jl1 U1l11U LVl 'U lN-

"'l

.,..jj, -II <! d11tl'lf1 'UlJU,~ l.bl..l.. U 1'1fl •

lJUfi1'1!1Uf1U ... ,

-1.

uu1ul'li~nH 11Hn1fl'Vl'U

1'1flLUUfl~\Jl1U lJ'U1lJ11Vi1::L~1

""' H'IL1U'I

,, L"'1L'H

11'1!Ul1

, 4 ... 'IJU'Il'i1::L ~ 1UNLU tl'IL1tl'l

fl11Vll1(\11Un'lnU11f1fi1VlLfltltlU LL\Jl ' , d~ J, 't 't ' , tlUN 1flVl1U l 'i.fl. enci.!W !l'U Lfl L~lJ{)'ILfl . , , .. .al • t YlHLLI'I'I manu muu11'!!Yll'l'U 11'11 11'1'11J1

, ,

,.. ,

l 'l1::11'1!Y11'U l1L,1Lfl (L"'1ll1) LUU'U1lJ +

( 'U 1'UU1flH1H) It 1Hf11U'I'Uf11 w ,, .al .·~., {)1~ L;)1 t1LU'UUI'l1'1JU'Ifl1tl'lflflUUN<I , ~ ., ..• J ' , lJ h1iVl LUU fl~l'l1 tJ YlH'U 1lJ11l'i1:: L~1-l. ., 4 <! ~ <! Lfi1U11'1L1 {)'I Ltl1fftl'lfll1U '1'1Jtl'll'l1::tl-lf1

tl1VlUtl'l

, JI

~LffVl~ u munnu tu 11'1fff1un~n1.. ~

.al ..

l'i11Vl~'U lJ'If1U1LUU'If11~'U'Iftl

ll ~ U1'1LtlU1ff

~ ~ ,t, dtl (U11fl) LlJtlH1::11'1flJY\1ff U~1::'1!'UlJLL1'n , ~""' .,,J .. ' , -1." LlJ Ufl~fi1U lJ'U 1lJ11 ~1::1 ~ 1LIIl1U1lJ U-

L1tl'l

f11'Uff111f1f1Utl1

"' ..

YI1UI'ltlll''l11'1!-

..!,

1 '

1\JiltJ1D1UL 1(l~OU11~VlltJ l11Lit'l::l'lltJ10tJ ~~

•I

ul::l1U'I!1\JIIt'ltJ J..!, LDlt'ID.Jflrt • •

...

I l1\Jin1ltU~ ~LL\JI.:!OD~Yil'ilJ11 ~lJ\JI Ol ~ ... ..

11tJ~U1lJ

<II

...

•

lJ'I!tJ'I!u::luu1J::I1JtJ Vi.fl.

.. ... d d ..!, '1, clcni!D n~\JI ltJ l1'1!1.:!fl I\JiltJ1 ~~ fll(l~ '1'11...

...

t'I1JU\JI ~ tl.:!fl

IUUL1t'l1 dl.. U

<II

(IIIDlJ1

Llfl1'Utl'U\11UtUJtJVil::1~1 ~ d ~ ' ., ... ..& IYI1 n1t'll1 lD'IS'U n::Oit'ltJ LLmlOHill~ 'U

tJO !.lei U

...

"".t

"'"

ll11JD'UO'U Vl.:!lt'\1 L1Lit'11'111.:!11ltl) d'l~

'm-

t~J,.,,

Vill~HlUtJ~fl'Ufltl l'll::1~1ll''UlJI\JI

(Vi.fl.

' " tio cn-ti~b) YIHLLU~n1lUOflltl.:!Ul::lrtfl ~ "" ' 11tJVI'U1lJDtlnLU'U d t'I1'U fltl

.. .. . .. . •

•·

llJ(l~'U11Jl11tJ

...

•

... ,

ti. llJMIYitJ1J1U ... .{

llW.:!l1lYlO'U1lJ

IN.

... ""' ~ 11Jtl.:!01"'U

. .

fltJLlJtJ.:!fl'UH1

t..!.o ~ , DtJYil\1\.1 llJl

. . "".

~ ~

...

. -.

...

, ..

1'1 111'11 ()L)JtJ.:!I llt'l 1\J Yl 1 lllrtl1U1 1 ,

ttl

...

LLH'U~'Uil fl1U 'U 11Jtl1VI '1-11 tJ I1 tJI'I'U 11J U 1::lJ1tU t.,

l t1

...

' t'I1U

<II

l'OO't1\JI~n1Jt'l 11 'U1(lfJIJI~LL\Il

... ...

'lj(l~ll'U '

(111lJ()tJfJfl1'1J(l~lllJtJ t~~ ...

ltld'

' .. "" ~ \liN") O'U1U'Ullt'l1tJ'I!(l , tt-41 "'"'

"'LYitJ'I!tJ~'Utl t -4

'llll'H~11'1!tl11\Jil~OU L't1tl'll1~

.1"'

...

l1tn~u1\Jt'II'I'U"ll~

"ll.:!U1YI "

~ 1VltJOt'11111'li1~1UU'ISU'1!1\JIYI1J . ' ", c:l --·~

lJ1'U1UU

., J

..!, ~ ... YI\JIOLU'U~'ULLI'I'U , ...

u1::lrtfl ti'U'UfltllJtU'Ylt'\011.:!\JI.:!

011.:!t'l

•

fll-3'UUU1\J11J(l.J'IJtJ~ tl

Llfi1U

...

I c:j -4 ..!, 1~1LUU'I!tl't1 ~ .,

1J1LL\Jit'IJJtJm::

LLt'I::Yn::l~l"ll'U dt~

11JtJ

~·.,

CT'Id 11

lJl

\Jitlti'IJ10t'IUYil~

"c~

u1::'1!11t'I'Ul'n::'I!'U1J l::lll 1.:!rt 1~ ·rn::t1YI ~ t..!. I tl N .JtJfJrtn I'111Q 1~1 'm.:!nlflliJI'IJ(l~lJtU'Ylt'l " "-4 .. ~ '1-4 "" ~'U1'U LlJtl11l IID , ~ oo UlJ1'U'I!(l1t'ltJ.J'IJ(l.:!

11mu

l.JltJ.JunnoDu

'li1.J 1n:: U;

... ...

LLn::JJ'I!DLLmu

100~'U l U ~ru CVI'n tl 01 I~ Hi'1tJ

'Yl1::U10UlJ1U'l1'1111U

..,

l'lll-l,'YIU - ~\1 'YI.fl .

... .. ..

1llJYI~

lJtU'Y1'i'101Ht'IOUlJtU'Y1t'li01"1

c:l

f11fl\JI::1lWtJO'IJ(l.JfJ U'U 1\J I U \.ILL fll \.1'111.:3 ttl c:l , ·.~ q ... -i-4 ... 1o:: 1lJUlli\Jillll11J'U 1~ 10 tJ.:! LO~lJ'I!tJL1 tJ 0 I I' W #t " C1 lllJtJ 1'1!1.:! 1n ~ u n::'l! DlJHlt'IIJ Yll'I!1.J 1o:: 4 ... , i d ,,

LU'I!tJ'IID.JYl::Ln~tJll'l

' .. tJtJ1.:!'ll

,.:!11 '

-4

'I!D'll1.:! n::

'1,~1u"VU1J1 .I• tl

~lO'll DU1.:!1 cl

u::uli~::LHtJ ~

Ul::'l! 1'1!\.l'lltJ.Jt'ltJ.J u mun

..,~

~,,

tJtllJIU'U'I!li'I!1\JI1VItJ10'U lln~ LlJ\IltJ.:!t'l~t'lfJ ' -4 ~ , lt'lfJ111lJDU1::1J1tU ti ,ooo UlJllltn '1!11 Sl

..!,

td-11

ll fll 'Ufl 1.:!10fltl L~ 1'11{).:3 fl'Ut'l lJLLlJtJ 1~ IOtJ.J ., .I

tJtJ u1::0DUVI1tJ1Jlll'Y1t'I011.:!\JI-.1

tln11 ~ 1

... 0

'1!11'1!1.J

'li111J'i'l 1tJ

'1!11LYitJ

'II!\

II n::D nllt'lltJ'I! 1\JI't11-.1\ll::1U'IO

......

1 tJ.:!l\JI'IItl~U1::1Ylfl t1 ....

....

d ...

lJ'II1\Jil'I'UlJ l~tll

I ...

"1!\

lJUllHUl~YIIOlll011fJO'I!tJ'IIll'l

o...,.••

(f11

11.:31

.... ,

lJtl 1U 1~'11 tJ

<lj

•

lt'ltJ.J(lfJ011 ti ,ooo U ~

li1'U L1 n::1JtU'Y1tltJtltlltJ~1tJ -oi

OlHt'l

0 Unlfl\JI::1 tJ (l()O'IJM II fl1 'UtJ 'U

LLn::in11 1lJ1U1UU1::-

(w1)

lJtU'Yl'i'1011.:!\JI.:!OUlJHt'11U'IItl 01Ht'l 1'1 f: ctf Sl ' I '! ooi..!, ~ \ll-31U'UIIfl1'U 1.:31 Llt'I::1UDYI't11Ht'l(l'IJ(l.:!

'I! t11011fl0~1fl'Uf111

u 1::l'llt'l II fll 'UQ 1~1

~1-1

...

ooit

Yn::1~1"ll'UflltJ~'1'11tJi¥'!

u Oflltl.:!'lltl-.ll1 tJ~ ll1lJ lJ LlJ Mt'ltl~ IU tJ'U ~ ' t (!J1UDtJ) 1Uti'Ufllllt'l1.:! t'I1'U'Utlnti'U ~ ~, ' IU'U'IJM \JlJ'IJ1llt'l1.:!'1!11 lllJ1tltJl0~1

..!,

IU'UflUJ1'UYI

"'LYitJ'lltl.:!11' ""'LYltJ'I!tl~tJIll 'U "'L01L~111tl011 q ' , ... ' 'U(l~ l 'Ul'l~'Ul'UnllJ ~1 YlfJtJ(ltJL~tJ011 'll~ .. ... ... ' l tJ\JI~IOtJ1 1tJ01l'U~ l UlJtU"VllltJ 'U 'U 1'U .

1l'lfJifHI1::lllJ(l

...

ooi

1-i-!q 111 Ot'111fl.:lfltJL't1tJIHt'l1lltl.:! 'll.:!L1tJO

"11l1fJtJl

•

,.J

"d.•-1

~()~~

llJtl.:!IYitJ1Jl1lYl

"''1

, ...

llJtN v11 ou LlJ D.:!HlY 10 u 1lJ DtJ l u m111

tlfJ'IJD.:!'IS'U'I!1\JI YltJ

..{

' '

nm1 m1 1UH ll!cy "" o Du

' • ' .. Ll'lfl 0~1t'ltllJt'11UOt'l 1111

"',...

~tllJWi'.:!MYI::It'lt'llY' U

...

lulJtU'Ylt'l

Ul10l.)lumf111VIl'l u

\JitllJl\'i-.lMYI::In~cy u

Yl nLLlT.:!

rt~t'I11J'U 11 u

; '

I ll ..j I 'II'U1lli'll'Ul1tJ011

d. 11JtJ.J1 1lYl1tJ

tl.

~ ..... ,

• ~ ' lJ1tU ti,ooo U011

lu~VIHlJ1tJll!IJIU11'11t'llJ

01N\JI~ n11~t'l

tJ.:j !J 1'U tltJ

<II

ttl

. ""

...

rtlu

• fl tlllJ •

4#j.

1Utllt'I'U't11.:!

l ,... .. t'l1fJlt'l tJVI II t'l::f11~1t'l lJViU'U (lfJ 1~ Ot'I'ISVIOU "' t ... • ll '!111 LYitJt'ltJllJ \JI.JmHl11'U1tltJ 'UlJtU'Ylt'l

...

llJtl~tJ11~

(Pearl River)

...

fltlllJ (l ..H l1MlJ~ 1 ~

' ~

~tli'IVI II t'IVI.:! l11liU1 1'li11L YltJ\J t41J 'IS tllltJn

... fl tJ 111 tJ ~ n v HlllJ o v ~'~ tJ 11 1 1~ vo ... ·~ ., llJ(l~01Ht'l (Mln) ... ,

f! 'UlJ... ~)

t'l 1 Lt'ltJ .:!t'I'U fl1 t'llJtJ II fl1UtJ 'U 'U1'U I ltJ 011

<II

(

·~~1'

LL1Ju1 'lllJO

...

llJtl.:!tJVIIlllJ

•

ooi <II

l1tl011

ttl

' ,.I

('I 'U

~~H1VIU~1 ~1 fl~1l'ltl11 ~11 'U1JtUCVlt'101Nt'l

fl nLlJ D.J 1vnt 1

en.

lltJ01 1M

(u11D)

fl () llJ tl.:!01 1.:3\JI.:!

liD. llJtJ.:!rt.:!1~

... •

'~ q ...

H1'U utltJOvt::lt'IYIIlJtJ.:!011.:!\JI.J LllJU1t'lltJ ll<~-4 ... ... ' ~ ' ~ ' 'U~J'I!(llltJOtJOtlfJ1~HtJ~11 LOtJ-.l LLU?\11

D1tJL1(l~'IJ'UIU'UO~\JiltJ YIH'U1lJl'il::l~ 1 ..!, '~ .. .. ... I\JiltJ11l1111!l~ ~nll'ill~''UYil~Yil1U

~ ...

...

lJ 1 II \JI Yl 1 ~ 1'1::1 'U tJ(lO'IJtJ~ 'U fl m

'IJDn·n::n~fmi1L\JiltJ1-

LL'n:: 011~1 (~tJ~1) 'll.:!lJLLlJ'U1'lliOtJ.JLHt'l

, , ~ .. Llt'l1tJOV11tJ\JI()L0tJ.J~n J , ..!,

....

l!O'i'll.Jl1tJOHtJ1)

.. c:l

1.:3

~.,

"ll.:!lJ 01

.I,

Y~!l IUUU1::1J'UlJ1LLI'lt'I1JtJI llJLL 1fl ~

.,"

·~

•

-i

'Utl.J1WJ'U lJll lJ~ tJ l'~ll'lJ u llJ 11 tJO()OtltJ l.J ~ ' ~ ... "" 4 o~., .. -i ' lltJ.J11 utm (l'ltJ1on)") 1Utl'l!tll11 o .,~0

4:1

.,"

ouVJn1mU'I!11~u l umflll'l <II

~ ,o oo

. . . "'

...

UlJ1llt'l1

U1::mru '

'l!tl'l!l\JI r\1.:!li.:!1LU\JL 1

'lltJ.J()'UJ1'U llll~'U~tl

,.1

tlflll'U -i li\Jit'llU\'1ll1.:!tltlfl UYI1.JVlf1\JI::1U\Jint tJ.J • ' t ..!, ' ll<il IH'UDL't11llll tl1tU11'1J"'t10t'111tJ1Jt'llJ I

""'

1 !:

(LHUD)

LLlJ'UliH' tJ-.1\Jl(lU' 1.J t'llJlllJll1tJ1-.l1J(l .. ' ' ~ -i r • ' , 10 tJ.:!O UtUJ Ll lJtl 1~ 10 tJ.JYl.:!lllJ~ lllJ tltJ ~1tJ

.. d

•

nl~W1~1UUf)11~t~~

fl'U'I!l.:! • I

~ltJ

") nl'tll'lltl.:!

..!,l, 'l

YltJ

LLt'l::lHntiYI 'l!(ltJ 'U1l'i'll'U

-ctu

.q•.,

..;"

::mlo~ru::t'IIUL~t~tJ10UVl1fltJ

Ltll ,,

111flOt'11.:!111fl Ill LLn::mfll'l::1uDVO'IItJ.J -i <II , "', Ul::1Ylf1 lii)J(l ~ .ooo UlJ111t'l1 \'1 Ll'l

•

• "1'U1lln~mnf1~1J1'HltJtJf!OtJfl'U li'U1 6

Where was

Suvanabhum Manit Vallibhotama

â&#x20AC;˘ To the ea t of wa

uvana

Kaum Kam

the ba in of the Tack

River.

To integrate Nam Chine e empire,

Yueh to the

hine e ch ol

w re

Thi ri er con i ted of to main tribu-

founded in the area around the Red

tarie

and the Black River

the Tack Luang or the Red

to teach Chi-

River and the Tack Noi; both origi-

ne c culture to the native.

nated from the mountain and high

culture and the way of life of the

land in Yunan of

outhern China.

Nam Yueh people changed and were

The Red R'iver drained the region

heavily influenced

around Hanoi while the Tack

Chine e.

pa ed through

ib Song Ch u Thai to

o the

by tho e of the

In the later period

the

people preferred to call their country

join the Red River 1n Hang Hua and

Vietnam instead ot Nam Yueh

then flowed down into the Bay of

called by the Chine e. However, the de tiny of the nation wa fluctuated

Tonkin. According to the note , about 400 year ago thi wa

hine e region

included 1n the country called

am Yuch inhabited by the Ai - lao

between the Chine e domination and declaring independence.

It was until

the 16th Century A.D. that Vietnam

people \ ho wa

div1ded into nume-

became fully

rou

uch a

able to annex the kingdom of

the

ubgroup hong

the Nung,

the Chung, the Chuang,

the Chong- ren

and

the

Muang.

independent and wa hampa

to the south to it own territory. La-

During the reign of

mperor Wuti

ter in the middle of the 17 th en tu ry A.D. Vietnam wa o trong and po-

( 140-87 B.C.)

ueh wa

1n-

werful that it could e tend it Âˇ domi-

hine e troop and e en-

nation to the lower Mekhong basin

vaded by the

Nam

tually conquered in Ill B. .

The

country fell under the Chine e rule, and wa

divided into 4 principalitie ,

each of which wa hine e go ernor.

upervi ed by a

which wa

once in the territory of

the Khmer in Cambodia.

Thi

re-

ulled in the foundation of the city of Saigon a the main port city of the Kingdom. ecncn

1J11i11fi1J

, ,

un::~UJ'Il

t\lllrtl~ II

ltGrtJJ11!)M::l\Urt I

lllGrtlAt\lll ... .,.

-tlllo ~1 t'GlAt\t'11lt~t\Q.tLHLQLIUllb.tLU ,_111 "' II 't It llYLGt'Q tilrt~ll~l t'MLIUtltil (a:>ua~S!Sqns)

·-

t\UQMrtGM.lAM.Ll.l.Ut\1 llQt\LiltL.IIoH1 LlAlA ... ... 't to, II II lo 0 't lblR.UrtLWrtL.tLUnL t~t t\H1:;l\t\t\t'~ m ,.

I"'"~

,..,_

:1,.

1"111

Q~~1 L.tL~nllA.Q.tH~IULHLQt\111LrtU~QM

'""'~~ l"o,... ::l\lALt\1:-Ltt\ L L~rtrtL t\rt 't

t\fJ~ ULII.1 Ut~,

a ..

i&PII

t\ t\ULl\t'IJHQtA. Nm~llt\ L nGlAL~t 1t\111t'lb \1,. " l't ,.,.. t\Q~1 lr

~-P

l\llrt::.trtttLM.~~t\Ut~llU1L.t II

"'"

,..

...

l\lLrt::.trtULtilart1t'lb 't .,.

II I lft•o I f:" 't t1Jllrt~t-Hrt1 LM..tLUULl\aUH.1l~ I& II Ill 0 lr 't

'1,1.0.

U.nt1.ll.t1. ~ll~!lU,.ItLLU

1'1. nn 1 ~1 t tijllQ.tij::IJI611 lAL~r t\ UM. UM.Il \1 l"lilt~lil,. 1 't ... '",. I> t'll111611 M.UilLII.GlbrtllM.rt1 Urt t\llllAilalA ~.. • ,. It ,.,Ill,."'!'''!" t' HM.QM 1a.tHt'GM.M~LfbllU HL t-1111 LrtllUU I" 't II' i l ' t .. '"il I ,.

~~u..l!)rt~L~H1L~rn..ua;lj1Lam~l ~~-~.t Lt\t'G.IIo

t-artH1LU a..tH Lt\11.ijtHtll11LlA

,...

,.,.

•

~::n::.tt\ L Lurn,.l\.tl u

L~t'(}"lA~ uaGL ~t 1

l\a

LUrt U ~ a.tH LUn Ill\ rtt-a tij1 rtt'l\t\L lltl.llo ,. "' I" ,. "' 't ,.. ~ " llt~LrtLII.1Litrtllt\llLt t'llt-GM.H Ll\ lltH

n LM.UM. m n n::l\ u Pu1::~ n IlbH L ~L ttR.t-lA •\1 ttilt\1 rt' H1t\.tM.LM.JJUM.U

"'Lilt~rt' art~ltl 1ft "' ...

L M.U op

rt~1

ULrtt\tM.L l\rtl ll I>

•t-1"

lll\n1

lA~t'LtH.::.t

,.1'""-'!"11

lll\lALUrt

"""~-~ .. .,..

""' ...

't.

lA.tLUl\ UM.Il 1L~nlll\M.Uilt JlortJJQU\H 11 "' f:" I. to ,. I 1 II'

'!"

.... .flQt'lb. .t'llt'QIJij

~~~~

UGaM.ULM

t'GM.Ht-llrt1

...

't l

1ft

M.tt'LUU.tLHLQt\ll1t\Un1 tH ,. ,. .. I·"' ':. .tLHLGLlA::~ 11 rt U

ltll M.f! JJ1 G.tH.t' ~::.tu U1 lo lr

•' lo

.,..

" ' ..

•

I& ,..

" a

rtlt\ 1b1

1ft

tt.llo1 I

,..

tLR.M.lt\t'll1.11a~HaM.1t'LtrtttA.LII.1~H1 Lt\

,."

'Ill•

"'a

It''"

L t\~ll::~, 1'1.~ ~Ut\ L art.L1 IULUGl rtrtG ll ,.l ,.. I llGLt\LtA..tLUI'\1 M.JioLartt-lllA~1 lll.tlt\::L.tM.1 o

...

,.. '"'t

LUrtlll\::l\lA.ULUat~rtH.rt1

t'QII. HllllLM.::JJ l.. rt~Uttl11rt1 t\UUaGt\Lil t1 1 f:" Ill,. i& t\aM 1::t\ 11~t\t1. UU\::l\ t\Liltlll. t'LlAt\111 't ,. .. " " ,. lAt\111 t'llt'GM.H t'QIJij lltH M.LilaM.U 't f:" ... i& I ,. rtttrt1 Lt1.rtllt\~H1 ::1\llGM.fuHLLU.rtL~.t.tll

"' a

t' tA.U G L M.L lA.tL UUll\t'L tlA~llt\ 111::L.tM.l \1 ,.. o I 't f:" tU11l\.t.U1tl 1\otllUlllUlULl\t'UH ~UL t\

.~~

a na

nau

t\.11.1 L t\t'UH 11 rtllt\ U L l\ lla M.L ~ n U~1 L~r rt ::1\

M.lll

t-aUijQ.tHt'Gt\H~t.tLULlA

.lloL tU11

"" "

-rt~I.Ull\~U1

L~jlrt::l\ l.. NtUt.tijllQ.tijl'\1 t\G.tLHLG ,. ~ LtUt\Lt\~1 tlll.llUt\111 .11.1 Ulrtt\tt\Ll\t\111 I ~~~~~ i& ,. p:o i&lo o f:" t1 U~JJLt'G~UrtH.lALUrtM.I11 L.tLUrt ~~~~~ I ,. '!" II" I& M.L lltl .llot'OII.fbijL UlAI.'.tUt'llll.U 1t\ ll 1 II ,. o't'" ,.. II" Lt~1 Gllt'lb L.tU1nLlArt1 LG1Lt1. t\UM.r::n 1 i& Ill II' 't" " I" o .. o ,. I" fbH.1 UU1L~rtM.I11t't1.HM.t.UUG ~1 ijUl.tll lo p p:o 't" I ,.. ,_111 ...

rt~LM.UtU11~~11

uaaM.L

t'H11L~rtM.Il1t1 l!)~llULtil G~U1LlA II ,. I& Ill II'

ibH.LL~rtM.I11lA

t-Q.tij1LG1t'GlALNrt1 LM.::l\ t'

t't\UM.t.U 't" I

1'1. M.t-manH.

" .. utilL tt t- til::~ n M.t 11.11 •"'

'J""

::1.111 t-atJijLIH f\rt11 U Ut t'LH.Ila 1m Lilt L .II. aI 0 I I t1 i& 0

tLR.t-nlAa.tll. rtLil tt

""'A an llll

""'t"'"

ttt11n111

"•

lb1

na~

Ill

ttallo

"'l\G

i&,..

rtlt\ t'GII. U11~1 ftl~H.lartt-Q.tij1 rt~tlA t1 i& I I "' lj'l' Lunu~::unu~nrtl\.tLUM.1 .11.1 lAM.LJJul\art

""''Ill

I",.

lo"lo't

I" '"•

r:-a.tlj1 rtt\G.t lt.tljU lAiltA. nlluL.tnt-l\ 't ,_. "' ,. I" ""

t- H. 11 1

1'1.111 L l\rtLWI\Il 1.tLHL afllll L rt LUn lll\.tLU p:o • II" I" I" ,.

t\Uartrtt.trt UUrtt .t.tL U rtlALU.nlll\.t LU

uiA.M.H.ULtM.Liltl.lloL~.t.tllt-all.~1

~ll nL nULlA ,. o ,.

li"

r:-,.l\t-tl\::~ nttL ttJJU t\JJt-L I ._,

I" ,.

... .,..

rt1

" "'· "'

~LII.lA .,..

~(.I:)(J

t'~U 11 L rt LH ~I\ ~t tilL til t'!Ht1 t-an.t1.L rtt\ H "'"

rtt.tllllttllUbtllll!HH\t-11:. ~ t-L~~t\A.U.lfl ,. p "' '"'- \> I .. t• 11 &::~ 11 L1.1f1 Ul!) aft t'G .tt;1 Lt\::1\ t\lAI\ t "'

•

1\~t\ 111

rti.1

1\~1\111

,. "'

·"'

I!)I!)Q

t-nU.Htt t\LUHU 1.1 1111 ULna~aHtrttl!)tttklntA. tl

,..,.

:'111

•

tU11t\11Htl t\LJ.l

. "

t• ,.

,. I

II-

It 111

t\LJ.lU!\.tLUI\1 ,.

L.tlA.1t-llo1:;U ~t tllt-l\ ~

l'LtLU.t1A.1 1.\Ulftlltt\Ll\ 1

"It?'

t\111L.tA.nL ll.t\11 1lA.t\L 11tl A. 1\ll:IL 1.1.C.LHLG f:' ,.,. " ,. • n 111::L.r.t,\ 1 n uunc-a lftll11LU[l n 111 L m t f:' " "" ~f:'!S I 11l11 t-nll1t~J.lttl11t-ll:o Ut l!lfll rti\LIC..tLU I '*P"' f:'~l' f:' I I\11.1HnGt11lUn fllllt\rtlalltlt\liltll.l!ll!l I I "' f:> 1.- ';l '"P 10 t~I.!LrC..tLU 1!\1 nGU tll11l'llHnGtUlU~J p "' I "I, I P " ~ I "' ftll11G.tH Lll::U11 L.tlllfl tln. fttlt\Uatt "'

·~

1- ';l

llQI\t-~ltLI\rti{ULI~

llllJ.tLJHtnMGUILQ

•

Ill' A

~111

'"'

Ll!).t.ti1UUllll

';l

'"'

Lttrtl\ t-LI\::11.

f'.!

nrtUtttttLUHUUt\111LUJt-ll:o I!)QfttJft rtlt"' 1:> '~"" ~ "' 11-h · tntu~v\LJ.lt\l;t-lrt 1\l!ll\111 t-GIIo t-Ltt::A. "f:'" Ll.lfli1!\G.tH UI!)Qftl'G.tl:l1

" ll'o1 11QU t\11.1

f:'

u~.r..r.nr\11.1 nat.:~a.r.c-a~rt1

,. "~ ~

t\~t1111

ll:.t 11GU rt~

::&n nttn.ttLJ.llA.L un u I!)Q rtt-Q .tt;1 L tl!)t.\U rt ';l \; ,. t•,. II> \r I "' t\t\LUH1DUHtlA.t\L:I

j;'

rtGt.\::.r.u::u11 ~H~~t\ll.t-Gn. u11~tt1 "

Ll.l.f\UU.tLUI\t11.1 t-li:.Lll[llll\Gftt-Cl.r.L:I1

a11

I I " I L1 n~lLU\L\tttrtl\A.1 t'li:.LUf111!\Gftt'G.tt;1

ttall:.

U11~1 I

L~.r..tn

" " "'

auGnH1rtt-a~~t\A.t-Lrt::U11

""'

nGL:Ia.tLUt.111.tt-a~t-li:.LUf1UI!)artt-G.tl:l1

"""'

·e

"'"'~ UGG al.:l ~ 1\mt~ttll. w lti11~Htut-LnG~1 • I '" f:' " I o'L\ t-11 111\L a t\ llt-GlA.::U. ~llt-GIIoftG U~t.11M.LUJJ '!- "

::U11t\111L 1\rtltlJ::tllA.U IWL~ j;'

•

nn 11nLUH

::u 111!) ttA.nL lliHt L Uf1 n 1\G rt t-a .tl:l1

.tLUt-al!lrtlt.lJftll!l

ttllt-atAc-cin.

L~~Lttllo::ll11

t\tJ.li!)J.ll!l1

H .t[l irtrtL t-ntJJH tiR ~::.c. [ll!) lHtLt.lJA.t:: I ,.'f" p "" .. " U,.rtl L\.l':l::L.t 1.\1 t.,.~tt 11.1.:'11. nu ~ Ut\11 p 1lA::tllRU 'r ,.U. 011 "

"" "

ft t- !\ t\ II. L lA. lA. I\ L .1.1 U !\ G rt t- a .r. U 1::1.111 t\ L 1.1 "'"'"'"'!-,. ,.,. lr UULU nwrumuc-nl:I1UU1 ut11::u::u11 ,. "' i ,.. ~ "' .. LllUL!\1!)1 LrtLH!\Lat\G nLt.H::U11 111 rtt ~ " l "'• 1 io" l U11 ~1 lllLA. rt .t .t!l t-L lA.lll!ltul !\ t\llo t\LJJ U !\ lA

"lo,.

"' ,.

t-allot\111ULH t-GlA.t\t-1nt.I!)LftLHGII:oll.1 ftt U f:' "' " I( I ~I lp uumtu tttlLU.[lrt&tAGrtt-n.r.umtu ttLn ';l

,.,.

ll'

tLA. ftlJt- 1.1 t-a n.t- t\H t-L na 1\ ~~ lA.::tllRU ~til~ "' ~ I I '!" to nnrc-11:. nu::u1munuLGLMN.\ tnuu1 f:' \" "' ,. "' .. ,.. -ftu.U ftl t L:lll 11.::.r. U.t L U t\ 11lt\ n.~ U1lA.Ut1 ,. j;' ~ .. 'l" t.l!lt\1 [11 1\tttanwtatJUf.\.tlUt\111 t\Urttt ,. It ~ & a ,. p ,. a t\L t\J.lU t\J.lftltlJI!)1 GL:IUI\lt;L J.llA.::U 11t\U "'" II>P"'"'!> ,. t\11t-1111UlftLUf\~1 Grt1 t\UGftrtt.t.tLUrt /0 I P " ' " .. ,. ~ I ,.. t\t\t1Urtt..tll.lfllll\fl1 UaG.tLU::L.r.t.\1 nt~ :l,.

t•,.t•iol

U artLI1 t LA. t- a llortl:l t- J.lt-L lA. .t L U 1\U 1\111 t-n "' " ,. ... f:' ,. U1f111!\.tLUt\UL!\UGt\ ULnai!)Qrt1 nl!)ll!)1 \i

t• ,.

,.,.p,.

Lfti!)Q.tt lllt-n llli\L 11tl A.lA.l' 1.11\111 t-GlA.t\ t-1 ,. li" nLUtWt-GUfllt\Urttnl!)l t-U111!)UI!)QQ11l I " I ~ 1t I " 11GU1t\Lt\LUtlt\l111!l1 t\U 1\ll:IL.Il.r.UllG ~

j;'"'"'"

,..

t\ 111 t-11:. L .tl U.f1 L lA.L ftl a111 1\::L .t t.\ 1lA 11 t\ A. p \" " • ,. n t tt t;l!lt A.t- an.n 111 L 1\t- 1.1 n 111 u L un n & '"'"' f:'• • t' ,. p t• ,. l\tA.ttttU11[l.C.UHt::&Lllt\t\t-l!) 111,. " " " ';l ,.

.tLU

t10Ul~M~

t~M1~n~U1

â&#x20AC;¢

~ .,

"~ ~1nu1umtm1tn o11nornn~~m

t~lnflnl'IJnu

tl~t

~lJ

~101J1UUfiU

•

...

OltnOff"'J~lJ

J ~ -~~11 fl ~'JUY\'J ...

U11~1~lJV11Jl~LLn~~Dtl

., J

W l'H'l1ffiW't1

"' Jl'tl ~· " t I 119l'U1f11lJl~'UU1'UV1LlJ()~ LU11WtHJ ft1'U

lJ1n '1tJ,1lJ lJHn n~"'~ 'ln"'VI~ H.,

t umfl ...

nt'IH f11flL 'H'U () LLt'l::f11fliJ1::1 'IJ()f)nL~tl~o~~

L'H'UD I

IJllJU1~LL'H~V11DtiHU~::WIJl •

~tl

...

•

lJ'u ;

11~t'l1tl~1lJ L'!IU V11~lJ1~1nU1'U~~l.Jf)tl 0

f) 1LfiDYi'UlJt1 11fl1lJ c4 , Ltl'UIJl'U

..,

~ ~'111~

411

n::L'!I ~L V111

tl1~1'l'UtH1'W

'Stl~Uqj

LLli'I1VIU1Mfl'1

... ~,, .,• "" ~ 11'\JU'S 1 U~'llJ1U'I 11H'fl'S11JtH1Untu 't Unl'l'tltln 'l·l-4 ... ~ 11 uflnll1flnuunnnmuVI I

..,~

..,

411

'S"llJnUfltu::'W nfl mJ11VIU li'IU1l'n::'l! 1'1 .,

~'IH1~1Yi'I!'SU'S

..!

1lJtl"l'WVI

-4

VI1\W n:: fltu::u nf!nll1 I( -! ~ SI .. ~ 'll'UH'U'IV1Ul'U'U1U'U'UTI 0

,.. ,

H~lJ~1

V1~1Ui'l

..d

tf d. 11LlJ.

., ll

U'ltlU 'U 11 "

n llll~~ 11 tl::lJCI1UtlUVI 'ltltl'l~ l'W oil

.-d

(

U~lJ'1

1i'I111YiU1tllJ1

... t .. U'SL"ltumn.:J'U1 'UVI'Utl'I~'U ...

1~ 1'Utl'l

1lJtl"l'UVI ~ 1lJli1U'U Is ~~~~~

l1'U'I!'Ult ,;j

1UlHI'S'SlJ~n'StiiJU

lJ)'1'UUlHJ11tltlfilJ1 cn tf CJ!.lJ.

Ul'W fltl 'U1U'U'U1!

...

.!. o

~u1

'U'U1~1ri'UH1fl'UUni'IH

,,:

Lu~ n'l"l'lJ~ n Htn1

Jj'"

nmun.:~

"1.1

VIUflN tl1111tl1'U1UfJU VI11'S1~ ~ ~

ti'IH1fllJ

"'oil

Vll'Wl1U'I 'l!tJ u.n.nlJl·m

.. -- ~ .. ., "' lJ U nflnll 11VIU1?1Ufl'S 1l'i'll'SU'S

t Is~~~~~ 'W 'W I

., ..!.

... ~ UH"lNYlViU

...

,_,

,..

1U'ULlt 'U~'UlJ 1fllltlJn'l'::,1UtlU tlUl11nln

l1lJUlul1un.:~uHul::lJltu ., ed.o

n.lJ.

unn-

Mercedn-Ben:.. The sure way to better motori~.