Master 04 Part 1 - Omnission

Summary- Understanding the intention

SUMMARY OF PROJECT BRIEF

WHAT? WHY?

Omnission : Motorsport lifestyle hub and research technology center for technology advancement in car motorsport automotive

A Lifestyle Hub and Research Technology Center in Motorsport

Motorsport has always been a key driver for technological development in automotive industry. But lack awareness in the community toward the motorsport resulting this sector to end in Malaysia despite its golden opportunity

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Lack community awareness toward the important and gold side of motorsport resulting this sector come to the end in Malaysia despite its golden opportunity to improve automotive industry thus uplifting the Malaysia motorsport and automotive industry. But how can this awareness and interest in motorsport can be invoked among the community?

THESIS STATEMENT

The main purpose of this thesis is to design a car motorsport lifestyle hub combining new R&D technology center focusing on automotive research technology facilities. Thus create a business and education environment by providing various facilities for potential future motorsport race engineers to research, design, prototyping, exhibit, and market their potential product and result in turn uplifting the Malaysia motorsport and automotive industry.

AIM & OBJECTIVE

• To provide meeting spaces that promote community interest and awareness toward the importance of motorsport for automotive technology advancement.

• To provide a platform for R&D of motorsport engineering to exchange ideas and discussions among potential individuals or companies interested in the motorsport industry, especially among racer and race engineers, to develop skills and techniques for the better future of the motorsport industry.

• Providing facilities that promote the symbiosis mutualism element between community and researcher to attract community interest and knowledge exchange process.

WHERE?

Located in Sepang. In the district of Sepang International Circuit which only focused toward the entertainment approach. This motorsport knowledge center will becoming new catalyst that will change the overall meaning of SIC.

WHO?

Youth and young generation is the main target. This is because the intention is to create awareness from the early young generation on the important of motosport as the golden opportunity that the current generation not realise

CLARIFICATION

The intention of this proposal is to be designed to attract the young generation and community by giving them exposure and knowledge in motorsport while at the same time influence them to see the golden side of motorsport. This will resulting for them to have interest in this area thus uplifting the Malaysia motorsport industry.

Motorsport industry is the most technology contributor to the advancement of automotive industry in testing the technology capabilities and expertise.

Utilizing many young potential malaysia race engineer in technology advancement and convert it to economy technology asset Motorsport event is one of the famous sport tourism for malaysia which contribute to the toursim and economic capital of malaysia.

MALAYSIA HAVE RACE PLATFORM AT SEPANG BUT ONLY FOR ENTERTAINMENT? DID MALAYSIA REALLY UTILISED IT GOLDEN SIDE ?

NO ! SO WHAT THE ISSUE?

Automotive Malaysia Lack In Term Of Technology Advancement In Automotive

The Lack Community Response To Formula 1 Sports In Malaysia No Platform For Skilled Engineer

BUT HOW CAN ARCHITECTURE FIX THIS ISSUE? CHANGING IT TO NEW OPPORTUNITY

To proposed automotive innovation centre that celebrate automotive culture + Technology

Proposing new platform toward awareness of motorsport technology approach

A new centre of attraction | Diverse space for diverse Use

PHYLOSOPHY AS THE GUIDANCE TO ACHIEVE THE AIM AND

Constant Nieuwenhuys

“The city is losing its most important function; that of a meeting place. The acculturation process take place within the social environment. If the environment does not exist , no culture can be form”

- The New Babylon

PROPOSING A MEETING PLACE

INTENTION

David Yenken

“While cities must be effective and fair, a creative city must also be one that is commited to fostering creative among its citizens and to providing emotionally satisfying places and experience for them”

- The Creative City

PROPOSING A CREATIVE PLACE

FOCUSING ON TYPOLOGY

Lifestyle Hub Research Development

TWO DIFFERENT TYPOLOGY BUT HOW CAN IT BENEFIT EACH OTHER TOWARD SAME INTENTION ?

By using symbiosis Mutualism Theory - Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both typology gain benefit to each other.

Guiding in designing the overall building floor plan layout

CHRONOLOGY OF PEOPLE COMING TO SEPANG INTERNATIONAL CIRCUIT INTENTION

DURING SPECIAL EVEN AT SEPANG INTERNATIONAL CIRCUIT BEFORE

Event Time at SIC

The only reason to come to Sepang International Circuit is just because of the entertainment and event purposes. but during the non event session, the Sepang International Circuit will becoming ghost town because of its lack of community facilities

Sepang Circuit Race Bay

Motorcross flat track

Go Kart Race Track

SOCIAL ACTIVITY ??

Visiting the OMNISSION while waiting for the event

Event Time at SIC

Visiting the OMNISSION while waiting for the event

This new type of building typology proposed will becoming a new catalyst and a new center for community to come and visit them first while waiting for the event time or after the event session is finished. People that come to SIC for the event can experience and get the exposuire on the important and golden side of the motorsport

No reason to come to SIC duirng no event.

Visiting during Weekend / Weekday

CATALYST ?? MAKE IT MORE THAN JUST A RACE

From SIC ghost town that only focusing on the seasoning event and high class event

BEFORE BEFORE AFTER BECOMING

Visitor

Visitor

Visitor

Visitor

This proposed toward community building approach and activity allowing for the SIC to be visited during weekend and weekdays for variety of community based activity involving motorsport approach.

A new motorsport community based activity building for public to gain knowledge, experience and awareness toward the important and experience of motorsport that are hidden and secret from the eye of the public

Final Floor Plan

WHY SEPANG INTERNATIONAL CIRCUIT PROPOSED SITE IS A POTENTIAL SITE ??

MACRO CONTEXT WITHIN 3KM

1

The site is well connected by the Lebuhraya KLIA Extention and also located beside the boundary between Selangor & Negeri 9

2 EXCELLENT ROAD NETWORK

KLIAFromLebuhraya Extension

2KM

Near Nilai Business City Center

The site is located nearby Nilai Business City Center which only take around 13 minute by using car.

From Negeri Sembilan

5

3 INTERNATIONAL GATEWAY

INTERNATIONAL LANDMARK

The site itself located in the area of Sepang International Circuit which have international motorsport facilities.

4 CENTER FOR SPORT FESTIVAL

Shah Alam is famous for its sport facilities such as aquatic swimming facilities, existing go kart facilities and potential stadium

KLIA lnternational Airport located beside the choosen potential site and only take around 11 minute..

WHY SEPANG INTERNATIONAL CIRCUIT PROPOSED SITE IS A POTENTIAL SITE ??

MICRO CONTEXT WITHIN 1KM

1 SPORT TOURSIM HUB

Shah Alam have the potential for global sport toursim hub because of it complete facilities.

2 CENTER FOR MOTORSPORT

The site is located in the area of international motorsport facilities including for car and motircycle automotive.

KLIAFromLebuhraya Extension

3 POTENTIAL PROPOSING SITE

The proposed project and site will be the new catalyst to rise up the glory era of motorsport industry and create new facade and identity

From Negeri Sembilan

4 POTENTIAL FESTIVAL EPICENTER

With year round events hosted by the capital, ensuring multitude of leisure and educational activities for families.

KLIA

Sepang International Circuit

Go Kart Sepang International Circuit Motorsport Track Sepang International Circuit

From Mitsui Outlet Park

KLIA

From Pekan Nilai

Proposed New Motorsport Lifestyle Hub & R&D

The choosen shape to be circular in round since this block will act as the center for motorsport experience.

Centralised arrangement will make the activity circulate around the area.

Since the block will act as the center area, the circular shape is selected to give hierarchy element for the block.

The center bridge act as the linkage between 2 bock that seperate between main focus activity and supporting activity

LowerGroundLevel

UpperGroundLevel

This block will act as the services block for the building. Most of the activity focusing on the services area to support the main spaces of the building

Avoiding in using basement parking and use the remaining empty site area for podium car park.Basement parking have high cost than podium car park

R&D Track

UpperLowerGroundLevel GroundLevel

Lower Ground Plan - Scale 1:550

AHU & RWH Room

Wind Tunnel Lab Computation Lab

Material Lab Strength & Durability Lab Researcher Lounge

Prototype Assembly Area (Private)

Services Road Rentable Race Bay / Garage

Open Plaza Motorsport Club Area (Public)

This block focusing on the Research and Development Technology activity for Petronas Motorsport Team. This R&D area only focusing on the local race car and experiment because of the limitation in size and facilities.

The lower ground area mostly focusing on the R&D and motorsport experimenting area. The right block will focusing on the motorsport club activity in which public can come and have interaction with the car enthuasiasm. Open plaza which can be access directly from the upper ground area go toward the R&D track and activity area

The garage can also be rent to the motorsport club that want a facility to experiment on their motorsport R&D. The motorsport club can also make collaboration with left block R&D and use their facilities.

Secondary Egress

Secondary Ingress

Avoiding in using basement parking and use the remaining empty site area for podium car park.Basement parking have high cost than podium car park

All the services spaces are located at the outer perimeter of the building for easy access and maintainance by the authority

This first floor area is focusing on the office spaces and administration area. The suitable place for office and administration area to be place at the top of the building to provide privacy and view.

The idea of using parapet wall to hide the metal decking roof while at the same time to give flat roof effect to the building from outsite

Receptionist Lobby

The roof top area can be access by one of the staircase. Most of the spaces at the roof top area are occupied by the water tank and cooling tower. Only this area using flat roof to cater the airconditioning and water supply equipment

THE

EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVE - VIEW FROM MAIN ROAD JALAN KUARTERS KLIA FACING TOWARD SEPANG INTERNATIONAL CIRCUIT (MAIN ROAD FROM NILAI, NEGERI SEMBILAN)

BUILDING BECOME THE NEW GATEWAY FOR SEPANG INTERNATIONAL CIRCUIT. CREATING A NEW GATEWAY AND HIGHLIGHTING WHILE AT THE SAME

CIRCUIT.

This first floor area is focusing on the office spaces and administration area. The suitable place for office and administration area to be place at the top of the building to provide privacy and view.

This block will act as the services block for the building. Most of the activity focusing on the services area to support the main spaces of the building

This block focusing on the Research and Development Technology activity for Petronas Motorsport Team. This R&D area only focusing on the local race car and experiment because of the limitation in size and facilities.

The choosen shape to be circular in round since this block will act as the center for motorsport experience.

Centralised arrangement will make the activity circulate around the area. Since the block will act as the center area, the circular shape is selected to give hierarchy element for the block.

Motorsport Experience Area (Main Chamber)

The Bridge / Multipurpose Area

Office (First Floor)

Supporting Facilities (Upper Ground)

Motorsport Club Area (Lower Ground)

The center bridge act as the linkage between 2 bock that seperate between main focus activity and supporting activity

Ingress

Engress

Avoiding in using basement parking and use the remaining empty site area for podium car park. Basement parking have high cost than podium car park

This illustration shows the detail up or zooms in view toward the main facade of the building that faces toward the main highway road from Negeri Sembilan to Selangor. This view will be becoming new landmark and gate for Sepang International Circuit

DETAIL FACADE FACING THE MAIN ROAD FROM NEGERI SEMBILAN

This illustration shows the detail up or zooms in view toward the main facade of the building that faces toward the main highway road from Negeri Sembilan to Selangor. This view will be becoming new landmark and gate for Sepang International Circuit

DETAIL FACADE FACING MAIN ROAD FROM NEGERI SEMBILAN

DETAIL FACADE FACING MAIN ROAD FROM NEGERI SEMBILAN

Avoiding in using basement parking and use the remaining empty site area for podium car park.Basement parking have high cost than podium car park

The building is designed with the intention to respect the existing site contour. The lower ground area focusing more on the private zone while the upper floor area serve as the public activity area.

Ingress

Egress

Facing Main Road

Facing Main Road

From Sepang International Circuit main entrance

Motorsport Experience Area (Main Chamber)

This illustration shows the main facade design of the building that faces toward the main highway road from Negeri Sembilan to Selangor. This view will be becoming new landmark and gate for Sepang International Circuit Attracting the public to more interested with the Sepang International Circuit.

EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVE - THE VIEW FROM UPPER GROUND DIRECTLY TOWARD THE EVENT RACE TRACK AREA AT THE LOWER GROUND

Structure - Architecture Style

PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE STYLE

FORM

AND LANGUAGE - ARCHITECTURE STYLE

MODERNISM

Throughout the nineteenth century architects had debated how, and indeed whether, the advances in technology created by the Industrial Revolution should be reflected in architecture. What is now broadly understood as Modernism emerged from the conclusion that architecture should not only reflect the spirit of the modern age but also that it had a moral obligation to do so. As the cultural response to the conditions of modernity, Modernism, it was argued, had the power to transform how people lived, worked and, fundamentally, understood and responded to the world around them.

HIGH-TECH

Region: International Period 1970s to 1980s

Characteristics: Technophilia; Industrial aesthetic; Exterior services; Innovative circulation; Wide-span interior spaces; Exposed structure

Form was entirely determined by the requirements of the interior space and was therefore almost aggressively direct in its visual assault.

The physical manifestation of a building was simply a by-product of its programme.

TECHNOPHILIA

What made High-Tech Modernist as opposed to Postmodernist was its core belief in the fundamental potential of technology to enable social change. Influenced by the writings of the critic Reyner Banham, High-Tech’s technophilia sought to set architecture – and its users – free from form and tradition.

EXTERIOR SERVICES

To facilitate the flexibility of the interior, High-Tech architects removed structural articulation and services to the building’s exterior. Here, along with the typical steel frame, elements such as pipes, ducts and vents became part of the building’s aesthetic statement:

EXPOSED STRUCTURE

The steel structure creates a mediating zone outside the internal space, containing the building’s services and serving also to help regulate light and other environmental conditions fundamental to the gallery’s function.

INDUSTRIAL AESTHETIC

Because of its technophilia, High-Tech was characterized by a strongly industrial aesthetic. This, along with its inherent flexibility, meant that it was readily applied to industrial buildings

WIDE-SPAN INTERIOR SPACES

Sophisticated engineering allowed early High-Tech architects to create widespan interior spaces, uninterrupted by supporting piers and thus with a completely flexible layout. This characteristic attracted the interest of numerous commercial clients looking to create huge, continuous trading floors.

INNOVATIVE CIRCULATION

up its interior spaces and also made navigation in the building simpler and more effi cient.

Source Architectural Styles - A Visual Guide by Owen Hopkins

Locating the lifts (elevators) and escalators on the exterior of the Pompidou freed

PRECEDENT STUDY

PRECEDENT STUDY - IMAGE AND EXAMPLE

LOCHAL LIBRARY

The architecture is a reinterpretation of the original building, dating from 1932. The main structure determines the rhythm and language of the new architecture. Perhaps the most conspicuous feature of the building is its sheer size. With a footprint of 90 x 60 metres and a height of 15 metres, it is both imposing and inviting. The entrance hall takes on the form of a covered city square with large reading tables (doubling as podia), an exhibition area and a coffee kiosk. Space folds up into broad steps which can be used by individuals or as event seating for over one thousand spectators.

The spaciousness is strengthened by diagonal sightlines across the interior, enabled by smart engineering; the library capitalizes the existing structure, thereby greatly minimizing the amount of new structural elements. An ingenious system of climate zones preserves the openness of the building; heating visitors in key contact zones and not entire spaces. It was this mentality that made it possible to preserve the LocHal building as one large usable volume, rather than inserting closed volumes or replacing it altogether.

PRECEDENT STUDY

PRECEDENT STUDY - IMAGE AND EXAMPLE

CANTILEVER HOUSE / DESIGN UNIT SDN BHD

The house façade is designed to be flexible in terms of view/ventilation/shade: an internal skin of double glazed full height sliding glass screens, then full height adjustable glass louvers over half the opening width followed by external sunscreens of perforated stainless steel that cover/shade the entire opening when closed & bi-folds to the open position electronically to allow views while still shading the opening. The ‘industrial’ expression of the house completely changes from an enclosed metal ‘box’ to an open and transparent light element depending on the position of the SS sunshades. The industrial expression is further enhanced internally with all services expressed.

Consisting 2 independent structures – a 2 storey living & bedroom block constructed of exposed structural steel supported on a ‘forest’ of irregular spaced columns that enhance the feeling of ‘floating’. This steel structure is cantilevered over a lower independent structure housing an art gallery & cinema and is constructed of off-form concrete and includes a green roof garden and swimming pool.

Structure - Structural Analysis Study

Steel Structure

STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

STEEL STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

TRANSITIONAL BRIDGE

MAIN CHAMBER

THE EXPERIENCE CHAMBER

This circular chamber will act as the main public attraction block that will serve as the focal point for the public to experience the motorsport activity. Other than that, since this block will act as the main attraction, the circular form for this block is designed to create the hierarchy element from other blocks. More than that, the skeleton steel structural look will complement the building typology and intention as a centre for motorsport experience.

THE TRANSITIONAL BRIDGE

A multi-functional area is used for an event, exhibition, and gathering space. When it is not being used for the event, it will be supporting the restaurant dining area. This transitional block will act as the bridge that links the main chamber block to the service block.

REFERENCES

BOOK SOURCES :

FRANCIS D.K CHING - BUILDING STRUCTURES

ILLUSTRATED

PATTERNS, SYSTEMS, AND DESIGN

A new edition of Francis D.K. Ching’s illustrated guide to structural design

Structures are an essential element of the building process, yet one of the most difficult concepts for architects to grasp. While structural engineers do the detailed consulting work for a project, architects should have enough knowledge of structural theory and analysis to design a building. Building Structures Illustrated takes a new approach to structural design, showing how structural systems of a building—such as an integrated assembly of elements with pattern, proportions, and scale—are related to the fundamental aspects of architectural design. The book features a one-stop guide to structural design in practice, a thorough treatment of structural design as part of the entire building process, and an overview of the historical development of architectural materails and structure. Illustrated throughout with Ching’s signature line drawings, this new Second Edition is an ideal guide to structures for designers, builders, and students.

CIRCULAR ROOF STUDY

PRECEDENT STUDY - IMAGE AND EXAMPLE

THE CUTLERY FACTORY AT DAVID MELLOR

ocal lad and designer David Mellor is internationally famous for his cutlery, and his chic factory in Hathersage, designed by Sir Michael Hopkins and purpose-built on the site of the old gasworks in this stunning High Peak village, is hailed as a minor masterpiece of modern architecture. Built in local gritstone with a spectacular lead roof, it blends beautifully into the rural landscape. The factory is usually open for viewing on weekdays and you’re welcome to take a look round and watch the various designs being made: it’s surprisingly low-tech, most of it done by hand, and if nothing else gives you an insight into why it’s so expensive (and indeed collectable). David Mellor died in 2009, and his talented son Corin has clearly inherited the genes and is designing up a storm. Whilst you’re there, don’t miss the classy café and the Design Museum and the smart shop which sells all things kitchen-ey (including the fabulous cutlery, of course.)

TYPE OF STRUCTURAL RADIAL GRID EXTRACTED FROM D.K CHING BOOK. OMNISSION - HEART OF

CIRCULAR STRUCTURAL STUDY

SELECTED STRUCTURAL GRID FOR THE CIRCULAR CHAMBER

The main chamber is designed to have a circular building shape and form. The idea for this block to have its own different form and image while at the same time creating hierarchy as the main public attraction. The design intention for this main chamber is to act as the main space for the public to engage with the various activity. It is the heart activity for the building. The idea of using this circular shape structure is to allow the community to enjoy the activity circulating the building. It is also to create its own hierarchy and different value.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

TYPE OF STEEL ROOF SYSTEM

ROOF BEAM PARALLEL WITH SLOPE

REFERING TO D.K CHING BUILDING STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION. PAGE 192 CHAPTER ROOF STRUCTURE SYSTEM, FOR STEEL ROOF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

THE STEEL OR TIMBER ROOF BEAMS MAY BE SPACED 4’ TO 8’ (1220 TO 2440) O.C. AND SPANNED WITH STEEL OR WOOD DECKING. THE BEAMS MAY BE SUPPORTED BY GIRDERS, COLUMNS, OR A REINFORCED CONCRETE OR MASONRY BEARING WALL. IN A TWO-LAYER SYSTEM, THE ROOF BEAMS MAY BE SPACED FARTHER APART AND SUPPORT A SERIES OF PURLINS. THESE PURLINS, IN TURN, ARE SPANNED WITH ROOF DECKING OR A RIGID, SHEET ROOFING MATERIAL.

SUPPORTED BY STEEL COLUMN

STEEL ROOF GIRDER TO SUPPORT STEEL ROOF TRUSSES.

STEEL ROOF TRUSS ON TOP OF STEEL GIRDER

STEEL ROOF TRUSS ON TOP OF STEEL GIRDER

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

TYPE OF STEEL SPANNING SYSTEM

BEAM & GIRDER SYSTM

REFERING TO D.K CHING BUILDING STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION. PAGE 119 CHAPTER STEEL SPANNING SYSTEM, FOR STEEL STRUCTURAL BEAM AND GIRDER

RULES OF THUMB FOR ESTIMATING BEAM DEPTH:

STEEL BEAMS: SPAN/20

STEEL GIRDERS: SPAN/15

BEAM WIDTH: 1/3 TO 1/2 OF BEAM DEPTH.

450 mm x 150 mm Beam Size

dimension for max girder span of 10 m;

: 10 m / 15

: 0.67 m = 0.70 m girder depth

steel girder width : depth / 3 :0.7 m / 3

: 0.23 mm : 250 mm width

Therefore, the girder size is 700 mm depth x 250 mm width

CALCULATION EXAMPLE

dimension for secondary beam span of 8.4m;

: 8.4m / 20

: 420 mm : 450 mm beam depth

steel beam width : depth / 3 :420 / 3

: 150 width

Therefore, the girder size is 420 mm depth x 140 mm width

SINCE THE MOST SHORTEST PRIMARY BEAM SPAN USED IS 8.4M AND THE LONGEST BEAM SPAN USED IS 12M, THE BEAM AND GIRDER SYSTEM IS BEING USED. THIS IS BECAUSE THIS TYPE OF STEEL SPANNING SYSTEM HAVE ECONOMICAL SPANS FOR PRIMARY BEAMS OR GIRDERS RANGE FROM 20’ TO 40’ (6 TO 12 M).

From D.K Ching Strutural Illustration

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

SIZE OF COLUMN FOR MIDDLE BLOCKSTEEL COLUMN

THE FOLLOWING ESTIMATING GUIDELINES FOR STEEL COLUMNS. ASSUMES AN EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF 12’ (3.7 M).

• 4X4 STEEL TUBE COLUMN MAY SUPPORT UP TO 750 SF (70 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

• 6X6 STEEL TUBE COLUMN MAY SUPPORT UP TO 2400 SF (223 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

• W6X6 MAY SUPPORT UP TO 750 SF (70 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

• W8X8 MAY SUPPORT UP TO 3000 SF (279 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

• W10X10 MAY SUPPORT UP TO 4500 SF (418 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

• W12X12 MAY SUPPORT UP TO 6000 SF (557 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

• W14X14 MAY SUPPORT UP TO 12,000 SF (1115 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

BUILDING GRID DIMENSION USED (LONGEST FLOOR SPAN)

TOTAL AREA SUPPORTED BY ONE COLUMN;

: 6.0 m x 8.4 m

: 50.4 sqm per floor.

: 50.4 sqm x 2 floor level

: 100.80 sqm

Area Supported By One Column

Therefore, the suitable size for steel column at main chamber and middle block area is 7 feet x 7 feet W steel column which is equal to 177.80 mm x 177.80 mm.

The size of steel column used for the building is 11 feet x 11 feet equal to 300 mm to 300 mm for extra precaution.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

TYPE OF STEEL SPANNING SYSTEM

BEAM & GIRDER SYSTM

REFERING TO D.K CHING BUILDING STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION. PAGE 119 CHAPTER STEEL SPANNING SYSTEM, FOR STEEL STRUCTURAL BEAM AND GIRDER

RULES OF THUMB FOR ESTIMATING BEAM DEPTH:

STEEL BEAMS: SPAN/20

STEEL GIRDERS: SPAN/15

BEAM WIDTH: 1/3 TO 1/2 OF BEAM DEPTH.

12M

1 2

CALCULATION EXAMPLE

dimension for girder span of 12m;

: 12m / 15

: 0.8 m = 800 mm girder depth

steel girder width : depth / 3 :800 / 3

: 266 mm : 300 mm width

Therefore, the girder size is 800 mm depth x 300 mm width

dimension for secondary beam span of 8.4m;

: 8.4m / 20

: 420 mm beam depth

steel beam width : depth / 3 :420 / 3

: 140 width

Therefore, the girder size is 420 mm depth x 140 mm width

SINCE THE MOST SHORTEST PRIMARY BEAM SPAN USED IS 8.4M AND THE LONGEST BEAM SPAN USED IS 12M, THE BEAM AND GIRDER SYSTEM IS BEING USED.

THIS IS BECAUSE THIS TYPE OF STEEL SPANNING SYSTEM HAVE ECONOMICAL SPANS FOR PRIMARY BEAMS OR GIRDERS RANGE FROM 20’ TO 40’ (6 TO 12 M).

From D.K Ching Strutural Illustration

SECONDARY BEAM SUPPORTED BY GIRDER AND STEEL COLUMN

GIRDER

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

TYPE OF WALL SYSTEM

METAL COMPOSITE WALL SYSTEM

METAL COMPOSITE PANELS (OR METAL COMPOSITE MATERIALS - MCM) ARE TYPICALLY USED IN THE EXTERNAL CLADDING OF BUILDINGS. THEY CAN BE BENT, CURVED AND JOINED TOGETHER IN AN ALMOST UNLIMITED RANGE OF CONFIGURATIONS, MAKING THEM POPULAR WITH ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS OF COMPLEX STRUCTURES.

TWO METAL SKINS ARE BONDED TO AN INSULATING CORE, FORMING A COMPOSITE ‘SANDWICH’ PANEL. THE METAL COMPONENT, CAN BE ALUMINIUM, ZINC, STAINLESS STEEL, TITANIUM AND SO ON, AVAILABLE IN A WIDE VARIETY OF COLOURS, FINISHES AND PROFILES. THE CORE MAY BE MANUFACTURED FROM AN INSULATING MATERIAL SUCH AS POLYETHYLENE OR FROM A FIRE-RETARDANT MATERIAL, WITH A RANGE OF THICKNESSES AVAILABLE DEPENDING ON PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.

JUSTIFICATION & ADVANTAGES

SINCE THE OVERALL BUILDING USED STEEL STRUCTURE SYSTEM, SO INSTEAD OF USING TYPICAL BRICK WALL SYSTEM; THE IDEA OF USING THIS METAL COMPOSITE WALL SYSTEM IS TO COMPLIMENT BACK THE IDEA OF USING STEEL STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR THE BUILDING.

MORE THAN THAT, THIS TYPE OF WALL SYSTEM ALSO GIVE DESIGN FLEXIBILITY TO THE BUILDING. THIS IS BECAUSE METAL WALLS MAKE IT EASY FOR ARCHITECTS AND INTERIOR DESIGNERS TO MEET THEIR UNIQUE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS. AN EXTENSIVE SELECTION OF COLORS, TEXTURES AND DESIGNS CAN BE ADAPTED FOR MOST COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS. Example

Example of metal composite wall texture

Structure - Structural Analysis Study

R.C Structure

STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

REINFORCE CONRETE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

The services block of the building consists of secondary and supporting spaces such as services room, musollah, cafe and podium parking to support the building and occupant needs.

The usage of reinforce concrete as a structural building system is for economic purposes. At the same time act as the supporting form value in highlighting and creating the hierarchy element for the main focus block of the transitional bridge and main chamber. Since this building is also being used as the podium car park, the usage of the R.C structural system can provide fire and weather resistance.

REFERENCES

BOOK SOURCES :

FRANCIS D.K CHING - BUILDING STRUCTURES ILLUSTRATED PATTERNS, SYSTEMS, AND DESIGN

A new edition of Francis D.K. Ching’s illustrated guide to structural design

Structures are an essential element of the building process, yet one of the most difficult concepts for architects to grasp. While structural engineers do the detailed consulting work for a project, architects should have enough knowledge of structural theory and analysis to design a building. Building Structures Illustrated takes a new approach to structural design, showing how structural systems of a building—such as an integrated assembly of elements with pattern, proportions, and scale—are related to the fundamental aspects of architectural design. The book features a one-stop guide to structural design in practice, a thorough treatment of structural design as part of the entire building process, and an overview of the historical development of architectural materails and structure. Illustrated throughout with Ching’s signature line drawings, this new Second Edition is an ideal guide to structures for designers, builders, and students.

SERVICES BLOCK

SERVICE BLOCK

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

SIZE OF COLUMN FOR SERVICES BLOCKR.C POST & BEAM

REFERING TO D.K CHING BUILDING STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION. PAGE 163 CHAPTER COLUMN, FOR STEEL STRUCTURAL COLUMN;

THE FOLLOWING ESTIMATES FOR PRELIMINARY DESIGN ASSUME A 12’ (3.6 M) HEIGHT.

• 12” COLUMN CAN SUPPORT UP TO 2000 SF (185 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

• 16” COLUMN CAN SUPPORT UP TO 3000 SF (280 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

• 20” COLUMN CAN SUPPORT UP TO 4000 SF (372 M2) OF FLOOR AND ROOF AREA.

BUILDING GRID DIMENSION USED

Area Supported By One Column

TOTAL AREA SUPPORTED BY ONE COLUMN;

: 8.4 m x 8.4 m

: 70.56 sqm per floor.

: 70.56 sqm x 2 floor level

: 141.12 sqm

Therefore, the suitable size for R.C column at service block area is 12 feet x 12 feet which is equal to 300 mm x 300mm

8.4 M

8.4 M

8.4 M

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

TYPE OF FLOORING SYSTEM

TWO-WAY SLABS WITH BEAMS

SIZE OF BEAM & SIZE OF SLABS

A TWO-WAY SLAB OF UNIFORM THICKNESS MAY BE REINFORCED IN TWO DIRECTIONS AND CAST INTEGRALLY WITH SUPPORTING BEAMS AND COLUMNS ON ALL FOUR SIDES OF SQUARE OR NEARLY SQUARE BAYS. TWO-WAY SLAB AND BEAM CONSTRUCTION IS EFFECTIVE FOR MEDIUM SPANS AND HEAVY LOADS.

REFERING TO D.K CHING BUILDING STRUCTURE ILLUSTRATION. PAGE 111 CHAPTER CONCRETE SPANNING SYSTEM;

BECAUSE THE SLAB AND BEAMS ARE CAST CONTIGUOUSLY, THE THICKNESS OF THE SLAB CONTRIBUTES TO THE STRUCTURAL DEPTH OF THE BEAMS.

• RULE OF THUMB FOR ESTIMATING BEAM DEPTH: SPAN/16, INCLUDING THE SLAB DEPTH

• RULE OF THUMB FOR SLAB DEPTH: SLAB PERIMETER/180

• 4” (100) MINIMUM SLAB DEPTH

BUILDING GRID DIMENSION USED

DEPTH OF BEAM BASED ON RULE OF THUMB;

: 8.4 m / 16

: 0.525 m = 0.550 m including the slab depth

DEPTH OF SLAB BASED ON RULE OF THUMB;

: (8.4 m x 4) / 180

: 0.186 m = 0.200 m

Therefore, the depth for the beam is 0.55m including the slab depth and the depth of the slab is 0.2 m

8.4 M

8.4 M

8.4 M

550

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

TYPE OF STEEL ROOF SYSTEM

ROOF BEAM PERPENDICULAR TO SLOPE

THE ROOF BEAMS MAY BE SPACED CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE SPANNED WITH ROOF DECKING. SPACED FARTHER APART, THE BEAMS CAN SUPPORT A SERIES OF SECONDARY BEAMS PARALLEL WITH THE SLOPE. WHEN A SERIES OF SHAPED ROOF TRUSSES IS USED IN PLACE OF THE PRIMARY ROOF BEAMS, THE LOWER CHORDS AND WEBS OF THE TRUSSES WILL MATERIALLY AFFECT THE QUALITY OF THE SPACE.

STEEL TRUSSES SITTING ON R.C COLUMN

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

OVERALL BUILDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

STRUCTURAL BEAM

300 x 300 mm R.C Column

Shear Wall

Parapet Wall Metal Decking Roof

550 mm R.C Beam

STRUCTURAL COLUMN

300 x 300 mm UC Column

800mm x 300mm Steel Girder

Metal Decking Roof Parapet Wall

Metal Decking Roof

Reinforced Concrete Structure Steel Structure

Steel Circular Roof

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

OVERALL BUILDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Metal Decking Roof

Reinforced Concrete Structure

Steel Structure

Steel Circular Roof

Metal Decking Roof Parapet Wall 300

Girder

Parapet Wall Metal Decking Roof 300

Structure - Structural Analysis Study

Structure Illustration