برصغیر میں تاریخ نویسی کے رجحانات

Page 1

»--/~ t:J1 J:I),-V~ ~ .

frJ


~ t \3.)£ (.f!,; b) t'~~./. JJ;I.( ji):i:I:>;J~;

J;;70?,.v.

u:'.f,_v~:,kJ»-'l:)~~(/. ~J'f-V0lJ'b".:-V~d-~~LPJ~~",:",CJLf') (v:iJ.IJ?Cy.~~l:)'b""-)'J'-vr.:-VL>':_JLr •

....

"t

978-969-8791-13-1

,}C~,;u,fi..i'ljY¥ ji;

pc

~'/,_vl:'fru»-'(;)~~ J

if-I.,~'

i))J/

);~Lf~

d(b

Yo'

fr"~/J

JJ'.:y'~' ~


y v

~

..?VV¥jI; J"';;~jI; ~~IU_z.

I"

l)/tJ~1

rr

(~ui,jl;

0"

"r 1\0

q.

1·1 IIq

;~i/ J~LVI.lJItf..} b.lr~ I.:)L::)L ti./y~~:tf..}b.lr~u..v~~

J...;;~jI L.;::;/

II"

I"r

I.:)I;r

)I;j~

..?VV~jI; .I~1n

J"';;~jI; J"';;~jI; J~~~ t..?1

...fb.lr~LJj~tf..}b.lr tf..}b.lrJ'JL-~f~.::[b.lrJ:~~4 b.lrJ'uyj -;':»--ll.:)lv tf..}b.lr~4J~)~I}~l.:)vJRi b.lr.lJI~";""'1 tf..}b.lr~wl I.:)lmLU..v~.tZA;1 u.l~D.lrJ(J.I~~~VJRi :tf..}b.lrJIr~ ~LIY0""~L~0r:.lr


0~~ JIJLYt~ --:t;.;~YLi}..} b.lt-?'f- ~--: vr!LP01,~? .f1)

:i}..}b.lt-~?;.'01?J)(,.(?J'(.lYtv)'b.lt-'~(.5'L_';.lJ~0'J;.-1 =-JYt~~~cr~~tr··v.}fJ)(=_~L~~U:(.....-.lJI-=.,tlJ ..I -=-t.)J)J;!L....(L~vl,..rJYt..::.r.I;\.': ..,!((~-=-j;~vIJ)(o)J.I....fI

J..1)~J)(-J'qL))(__I~~.I~IJ-=-0~Lb.lt-.lJIt.)Y-}b.ltL~I/~~ ;:,J'q-=., ~JfLt.)nLIJ£.I~:_t.);!&r~JIJIL ~ J)(-'f-.lJ?Y~ t.)YLlfIJ;!LJ)(Jf-=.,~u,J ~.lJI(I)~~1.,.-1 J'J)I{LS'JI.~J't.)}IJ?,...v~2...I(J~~t.)YLlfIJ;!.lJILYt._f; -=.,v(P'.lhv (-=., v(pLIJL~L~ ~ J)(vl,J.l v:1-="Y..Ao?IJ(~!(( f~(li.lJI~~.lI;~}~;t.)~liJ'J)(vlt;.;f'(-="~~Y01.lJI-="~~YL ?-~.I"'~fiLJljlj''''Y-=-..J}J:~-V..J17'~lvIL~I.,.-.lJI

Jtlj?-LL)~)(JtIJf.lJI~r/('-=-01.lJlvr.:.c~¥~ -~JYtV(., , 0~~ ~Uvt.)lf.'f-o.lIJI~I....fI(~I/~~~0'J;.-10i;:J~

;I.,.-;I.,.-L(I;;--:~L() Lg;'_~.lJIJ_(-'.lJ'v-!.I;0t:0~'-(-'~ o~ /. 0'~./i...fI-=- (t L)~ 0 i;:J~~ -'f- t-Yt Jf(I{ I{...;J t-J ~ CfjCfmjJ.;LV'-~~.lYtelj;I.,.-LJ~ln-=-v'/'oA)~h~t-/elj , , ...,

-vrJ".lJYtelj-=-frJfv.JCJJ;! v --


..ftL J.t)J~1

S(,:}V"LJi/J'~IJljvl ~ ~

'......,JI,..::-(...,(..."b.ll:•

M

M

,..,L~.II(WI'::::"'~.II}/..IlvJi~ILUi.V(,:}IJIJ~ J:.~.ILLuJk - .. , .... . ~~..

-~u.1r-~~J\f.--J:. JI;{{SUYJ~(,:}!Sfr L( 0If'f-.:.-;:;7¥~..::-~ ~Jlh'~ J:. ..::-IrJI..ftfr{'.I}L.:£('-flL UY.:"J/~~I tJjJ~J j-flJfLlPJ?YJ:.",:",V vl_'f-~.II:-)~Jf~J~S t:J j JI)",:",I>.}-~I~~Lvl.lJI'b.lI:-~{;.1.I..JJ/jJ~=_LL{ J:. filL!jLb.lI:-J:.....cC~.I~J..;;~JlL!S~~(,:}Jl1iL~(...,J..;;~

....c?~e./-flJ:.

L(:;J_,?f(,:}~....I.1~.IJ'~JJli' ~I}I jf..f5

~(:;(.J:Ir~L~.IIr(~fb.lI:-.;....IJL(,:}k-J(,:}~)~'..J/,.;Lu.i'-~

u.i'JfJ:.L)J~'f..::.?SLJ1(~.t)Lv'.lJ'.:.-;:r?Sb.lI:-.J.'f~ 4-.~(r.:IhJ~)~_;~v~~L.,. JYJJJJv.!v

JlL'f-V'v.i~I~j~JJfL

S(,:}I_vt.. LJ1}£'.I.tIi:......I/..::-~?".t;y.lJI LJ'(I.:;;(.? .. ,,:.

jJfJ:. ujv.~.tK.lJI)I.lJmL,-iCJI~ J~0{.ri~L ~/WJI..::-(r~..ftS....cC~{;.1.~~L.,. JI)~uY/.~I'J!-~ 2:...{.IJI U:I)-'f- ~.I)JfJ~1 ~u~J~{ t;?"...;:-t..fLb.ll:-)J.ri~L UJ.liJl uJ-fI S~(fl JfjJ~ JIJLJ1~ '-!~SfrUJ;.-I(,:}V"~ J:. ~~i {JtI}Ufo-~.IIJ)('~fS(,:}I.lJ'~L.,. JI)JfJ:.~k"~SjJ~vl-J' JI) Jfu.tlJ~J S(;[.J; S(,:}1.lJI ,:--J~;/"::-VlP L ~ J;J:. jJ~ _UJ1(,:}y'~JJ..;~(,:}IJ:.~L(,:}J(")(liv'l_SJ}.L~L.,. U.lIJ~JSjl}._h{.IJI~iS..::-~JIY [l;-.I",'JY''J'!L",:",v Vi (,:}y'Jf ~(,:}1~ L (,:}Jl1iv'J:.-uJ(lf!/L~.IlPJ~)~I~_r.!.1Sfr L{;J/(,:}I(,:}I?

Vl--


furl))~~I~;zj~LvIJi'f-(t(~I))~0~10

~~~( 1t.f~bA;

0( At '::'.iY'v1iLIf ~)/(f£.iJILIf 0~1~Jf'f- (~(

-J

U}.iY

~.,:..E~f£~LIf ~)J~ LIfJ1 (/;f.~ Llf J1(j.i~)1 J!.;;.,5t;;

J

~'0 L/?f0£.i);;7furl))~

';-lf~lf'f-t-J1(~(.iI»IJlf

Ai0~/~J~.a?l.--L.iI»IJltl./yJi_0.iL/...;:/dL.::.I)1..P .iJI.::.jJ..::.1lbvl L iff ?

c: J.>.a?l.-(~I ~J.iJIt::... J~;f. JY:0t}..) b.it,.. ,.

-0L~~)J~~b.it-~((;;-7-JJ1-.=)J) U)I~t;.iJI".)~)ljl~~~

iL~~UJ)l,.;~lft}..)bA·~

0.::.~i0 ~~IJ~~v:if.iJI'7-·ClJ( j~(jv:if'7-I;P>~iY.iJ/I( -0L~J1~C?L(;;rL~I.i~v.iJI.ir.f,J.~~JJ'-../J)L~h0J~ ....f'-;"I.dLvl.iJIVt,J;~~ fb.it-(j~~L('~~~vl '-...iI)ILJ"JJ2i ~I/?'f- Jj( I,,[)i= ,-;,,"0 JI/ ~j~.::.l.---;b.it-'f-tJ.iJ1~~J~Lfr(jJ;.-I~~~ ?~~~yL6.it'ff-=i#~I.i~~l)~j~JIJ2L6.it' 't::...L.iu:tJA....f.::.L-L-~~._,,_fJ( , , .. . L~ll;;(i~~Iif.(j.i ... .. iUL.h.;; ...

.. ..

- if. L i.::.L..;..j() I.iA:: ..~,)' ~ vl,j H

••

LJ~_fJ( I,,[J~L.bif~0if~('~.::.v~~)?y --

1--

~'-../J)


b.lt'S u}~(df

f-~JjiJ\...fIIA'l'v12;-.1i..~J!~S

t}~2_~

if(~fu t?~U}m.:)1'f-';;;_~j,(J b.lt'S~/. t}~ i;"J)'u.rLJ?.;;;_ ,..,~L(.;,w.::!.;;;_~Lb.lt'S~/.fb.lt'SU}~.IJIL(.;,U?,;;;_L;) .. ... .. .

_.:::.....::..-.IJ?SL),..:>ji.lif.f.:::...~~J , .. . ~ , '.II))b"..::..-~~~0b.lt'.:::...~b"t}..}b.lt'S0t;.fLP!LJI .. , ~

"b}>L~L)J.-"?f..tJ~jJ'~lIf-v1

L 1,,::,,-~~U:j.lJI~J }J) -v.....2_~J..::..-ul?LLurJIJL l.a?vL':':;JJJ(.t...(.;,~b.lt'J.: , ~ -: 1 ..::..-1):iLI" ~I t.ff t}..}b.lt'2...JI,u.rf-.If).;;;_f::-JI;L ...fI~Jf? -f-"::"-.IJ?S;£.)ft}~.;;;_)'.t'L)J5.;;;_ LJv '1.JI_f- b.lt'S....f' Lu~)?". )L';;;_l'lqf"~ b.lt'~.4f J..It'.;;;_0f~)P'~LJI ~f- JI J-"?:UJ(f- U~Ck jt;.f~~~/ SL)t.f.l.l}~d~JJlrJJ.~ )J5.;;;_~;I)L.:--'lrfJ~01~1.)'rJlt ()J.lJIj'J S uJ.I;J~.4f J(-;J~ c,~L 0(;:f~':':;;JIJ£-f- ~.IJ? JJ.I~J.lPL ':;";/!.;JIt.5~ l?1U:j ,c,IJ.lJ (' J~,t.5.1I)/~ 'f-

t.5.1~ c,~1.1 In ~~f- u£:} Lu.r t.h~ L/.)IJ 1SUfl~ ':;";.I~,J),Jh> ? 'f-/'.lJfb"~.;;;_J'1 ~f-L1~Cz.l~~;I)UI.lJIfto)~f(Y"..::/,;J _,-hI; Ifc,bJI,-JjifuJj.)01

.I}J~J..IrL~.I(.;,LJlf.:::...t.f,..,~....(ib"t}..}b.lt'S0(;:fL . ~ ,.... ~ uJ)Y.vdi.lJ'7-0V'f-£7-6.1t'~'.;;;_~LJ01_v.r(-~~)h;.;;;_v'{ ~'-.I~)...fI.;;;_L;)iffb.l t'J (;JJw 1b.l t'J}u.f!'f-"::'-> (;! J (;~S 01"

_vf~.a?v.a?vu..>~u}J)ft'L(';'LU ." b.lt'U~'-.Ilnf f-:-}I~'u.r ~J~Lt}..) b.lt'~ 0t;.f~ fu.r ji)vILb.lt'~ U~.IY..iS0(;:f~':':;JJI_f-~/.::01~10?'"b" _vfi};'ft.5.1I)~jJ'?-u.rvi~1t,.I'"

_-

r _-


~~I)I ~'(

bA·~A;_/(I'(L~fJ~I),...j

VI ~-"i

~I/;;

(jtf....f~,.{J(-'{Yt('(Iy....fi~C?!j{y.~J~dIUlf.fYt(~U~ '{Yt(j~~rJ~t'~~J'{JYtif.it.fJ'i'}SJ~v..v'{'{YtvirJ~t'v.. ~J'Pd_L(UYt,.;JYtJ.:t.:JI~...;,t?{UYt~IJJ~J~t'J"'v.._$j(.,L(jf -UYt~;t'J;

--

r'--


J/J)jL'f-)~~/~ (:;J/if~)J'6A·J~))~'L6A·Y,;Ji..J)._fI 'L'f-)hUv~el)j)JI)I;:I',",:",)"-ILJ;~~){;.Af~fi~L(~J.~..J)

l.:;1_LLYiL));/

~L)i))I./.)JIL)?-;/~Uv ~'i)Y~~

.;;;_L)}J)(jlj

.;;;_~(jI_Yi!f::j~bA·~~)J'.:,,~jL(~~-/J)LL)J('JlYi( ~ L)h!~JI,;;;_d-,.('f-J'~/J'?~:I~~,:,,'.i'(j'L6A·LL)})Yrj(

-u!JYi J' ~fi~ L ':"~bJI6A',;Ji~L)})Y)J~';;;_ J~)J'yIQ'1.J' LYiL)~Uv~L)JJ'~/J)LL)})Y....fJ~)J:lqt'.-'f-IYi.iI~':"~ LJ~)J,,,: ..>"·y~~6)tfiYi=jYif.-~.;;;_J0':"~)J'J;!'J)L(j' yIQQ·-VV()~~._fI/L)})YLJ::It.f~IJ;-ZJJ)J~ylqt,r_l)."ld'v t)e~'J;-ZJJ)J..J1J.,()JLvc.~-"iJIYi)JIJ::,t.f~IJ;-ZJJ)J~ if.'Vtd}l?lPt).J--~L)i.~6)~J~L)A)?rjd'vLv'_V[;J}

L1LJ~)J:,qq.-JYi'~~J;~~)~L6)~J~~d!)li';;;_--?JJ' -L'f-)J;

jd'vLJI/

~~)~L6)~J/~Y)J~L

1

J'v')J'~)J'i)YJ)i)'~v"I)f'~b}\i=jJ)~JI= (j')J'J~LJ.}W-?j~)VL '":;"J)._fI~ (jl~'f-~~~~J1j JIr~/~(:;JL'":;"J)~/J)-LYi.iI?.;;;_vl?."(~~~)~LL)?.~ --

f" --


i?-.Ij'tJJIi~uj~L;'.IJm?~'::'-.IlfV'~.IA.f~J~6.1t-J.bj' ,if.fV~~('::'-!(Y~L":fjJ~~_L.If-~rL~LJIi~~~J viL:!'-1JaG.lJ~ {.I} J~0/ 12JL U?'.Ij'LJIi.::.-,j,k!J{uj~L 4-'~ LV"JIi,.;jJ~~ /jJ-..f'(~'1,uJli~~J\.A$~i.?=f f~~)v'_0LJliLrIf-Ui.j,=-,/.A_;.(ui.?~'?f0i.ly\)Jfj, -0f-.I.1j(;:-/~/jJ-..f'=J(,~viJ~J~lf-ui.?~'~j;~if-

j~~J

~')JI1;JIJ.)d~

:(:.,j/(,-:-,7:r-~~(J.,-:-,VJ (WilliamH. McNeill)J-~t'fj

LUJ(,j'!;Lvl.lj'Vj(;:-I:f'+-/U}.IY.lj;:;Lv,,'6.1t-JJ~jLJ' J')H_V--?? -.J)v,/J-..fLUi.V J~J')~J-L/:: j (6.1t-J~ ~.I~L~'LJliL.I~~(U.r-:#JI2JLv,?,JfJlij(;:-~=jv'L~ ((.d'vLv'lf-/ujrJ~J')Lv,~Ji_L~J~(~;'J...;[:!1fLd-f VIdljlf-6.1t-J .. ..(;Jfvi~~.::.-VL>~'L0J')~j.fll ... .. ifJ~?L~lJ~:JlP;";~lU:j(..Jf~tf~;:l'.::_l.l~JJ.lrd ... ~ ...... .. .. , ,

L u?fL/:: j (J'!J.lr~'If-,.;u

J,k.' L J-..f-JliJ}.J

IF LL

-JJlij(;:-I2Ju.l{~d-41'Vj(;:-/uj~J~0.1j'u,Ptl.",.;~bJ Jv'-f-JIt{ (",:-,#0/,.J;;i('('(:.,j/(,-:-,7',-:-,V JJ-~ .IIJ.I('If-LIt{Ll'~j'J,:'.I~j(.IJLu?'bj'(lj'...;[:!J.~LJ2J '::'-.I~JJ~J.lj'J~L.::.-~1..::.v-'k--/.::.-~~u_,§ /-.fI~Ji-f- t-JlJ' ,.::_ ~v,.f.::_, t-~ , J rJklf-.I(;lj.::.-jJL>?~,-,JJ,L~'hx .. . .. -: . i.£JIf-VIJl~::_Jtlji~JU.::.-llj.lJ£jl,.::_JJIi~JU~IJvl .. ~ .... , .... -f- V~~.I It{ ~JV.lj,.{.fof,.J;;iV'1fUi.Vu/JJ~'L J-~ -f-L/::j (.::.-,j,J~Lui..I~J~jLv'If-:_hJ.lj'~!u,~V -..f'~'P _-

0 _-


~jLJI,j'7-rJ1,

..)y~~..::.-Vl?IJIJ.}W..J/,.;~~~~;Lu/}

J~JrJ1ui...fl;.-Lu,fI~~,,-./~Lif,.( 0 LJ1./~~Ui./~U:I_hI

1P.~./~I/[:;~~ ....fIu1./~ J(WjL..::.-A1LJI,j,~)./rl..:..,~L,,::,-Y/..::.-.:Y,JJ)~;...fJ"""I..[J/I~ ~J"""I..[J/I("..J/,.;L~[P-011))

_LJ1jV-[;)J./.u)J)~I./JI";,,,./i~JI./JI~))(./.(./)J! ;~IJ ;:J;:cljY J./~J~H~ )~~JJJ

J)~;~..::.-LL lP£

./JI..::.-./l(J(:./~0~r!;~~J~J~IJ~./i~ [P"J1~.?~JIJ)1 J)~;~..::.-~IJ£-'J1JIJ)~U~(;)~./JIJJ./~~JJli,JJ1jv-._:::,./J.A.; '~ui ...... l..[ril./JII..[J/y ,.(L;:fLJ1..::.-~IJJtJ,)'0'''-;:L.2£L

Jif.'1)./~~)lpjJ;:luJY~JlPL_f>'LUi./~J/J)J(0'I./A-S ..:.J~.2-~jv;~--0'I';j;I7../JI_(/I~J,.(~JeY~/u/}~./i~~ '2..LJ1_h1LIJL~/ui./~~..::.-LLlP(li(;)I-J)((;U1)~;)~IL L~?~(..;, ~t\7.~i~_(/I_2..L~L..fJ /J)~..f....fllu~ 12? 'LJ1..::.-ljIJJ./JIJ.b0'h--~j;L(;)I_~L~~UJY~JlPd

-VI~J(Wj£_....fILif.

J:-..0~ ,":-,VJtULL-J .::.1lh' £IJI~;;'I),,::,-lP;b ./JI,,-./I)I~[;)if,.(7- ~)I JJ./r~)1;": gJ)~ ~ "::'-~?Y)J..¢l}Jf,9 ,;-IL

~./}JI,;-0 L)JPI~(~IL./I.zjI./JI.::.1lh~I~I)~~u/} J'1,;J:~'0 L/2/rWj._fiLJ1 L/JPI/J.}l;fLL?JI ,JPI~u~~if,.(7-r)~(..;,JJJ.}wJU.r-:.l?J7-}./Jlj~~./} .2_ L...... lP J~./JIj./l(/...£. ./JI'0-:-:?;J [:;;'~Jk. ,,.;1,; "::,,,ioJA ";I./J~./JI..::.-./L( i'~J1..::.-iJ(f-l~J.}W~"( ~./J)~lfi [;)JI_~J~

~./J)fiW-t)JPI

L if,.(1l;oJ.::.1 lhlu/} (;)1 L uY:'~ ?;./JI..::.-./L([;)JI,J)VIp/J.}WJI~J,.(,;;;:_C"J1(;)vL.2_Luil-A _. , .. .. --

'1 --


-v.r~u!

L~i,)'I~u ;2~~';I')J

u}.)y~.:;,(.LJ1L.I~J~J-jih~J;JJiy~i,)'ILJ-...f -U:J1u0:~J.l--'uJ~~-?JJJ.ff-JI;J,.)~.)IJ.lLi,)'I')JIJ.}(;.f:L ;:? ~IJ

J u! ,":",0" de 'J~J.l--'.)JIJ.}(;.f:u! t}; ....!'

u!";,,,.)i~J.}(;.f:JIJLJ1(~u!0!lff-Jl5'.tDL(Lynn White Ir) _LJ1..::.-I/llfk--JJ.hJh;.:;,(.Li,)'ljiJJ1i,)'~J') 'e(r.Jy.~~IY~J.j~~ (LyndaShaffer)):~\!;Ju!~lfl . , u! ..~IJ/ ......,y..)JI~VJ;;.zJ.}(;.f:? ,u! Ur!uyJ_Jof .. .., ,:",uJJJ""u! .. (ArnoldIf'';-li.;.)ILI;..::.-I/I~uj~L(J.)f')JI~Li,)'I,j'JJ1J~1 Li,)'IJr "J1Uib~~~J.}(;.f:fhJ')J;~"::'-~i,)'Iu!UJ;{}~ILPacey) -JI;J::iiJJ!>~J..:.5.~!(.)JLu-r-:J.? -?JJd-ff-~~.)~I~~JuJA;~ILJ.}(;.f:LU},)Y~-/JJ (;I~.L6IL(Daniel Headrick).....c~~;,JJ1~~J~..::.-.)r'J~~ .)JIJ{jJJ!. u! i,)'1'f-~~~~.)I;JIJ..::.-vlLi,)'I.)JIJ.}(;.f:u!JLJ:.{L

..::.-~}YIU#(!,~6ILJ.ff-J..::.->woJJ~if~~!(.)JL(;1~61 -LJ:.{~u;2u!~Jt.,y.)J/I~.)i~-?JJJ..)Jlvf(l)

L UJ')V<')JI .. ~;,~;J.;,J.)i .. ..... L U}.)Y.riv.rivLJ.}l:-9 UjC'::"-/JJL0!I')JI~~~,~,i,)'J.J.,;;'/I;:-~i,)'lff-J';':'h')JJ!u!~.)~ J~~uJ.)V'viI')JluJ..:.-.;.;~J,.pvillu?;'J:.'')JI0PI/J;~i,)'IL

-~ u!~~:.JJI"';;JI',":",D' J:.'L(Richard W. Bulliet)~~H{.) -f-J..:.5.~J.}(;.f:J~VJ~1 ')JIJI;Jiu~{UJ!iJ:.'~'~J/L,":",?'LJ-...fJ}.IJf:Ll

Li,)'I~')JI~v:iJ~/..::.-~jL-1!)Iu!)~Lb.)rJ~Li,)'lf~r-?= --

i.--


w}J

f ~,I);v: ~/L)K J/J: !/f./JfL) j.:bL)J/;,JPV: t}..; bA'

J.}WJJ'f./Jf./~fL~V:~LJ'f~./Jf~Jj)f.t'_"~/L).H(Jj/Jf ~·J1~~-u!v:t./J1~J(./JLAi:'./~~~ff?,Jf;J.i'~~''::'''Jl{-fV: --?JJ::.cJ/~./{v:bA·?f~0A,~f~~J.::-~~~fL..hJ:_.~f./Jf ~(;Y(Ii~fV:'(:;J/L,":,",j<.fJ[:v:t LJI~i,),)f;Jv:£IJ J../r,~

_v:tLJ1f~V:4LJ,ffLL)-r-:J.??f~V~Jj)f.t~ ~--?JJif.v:tJ.lJ;~~Lfij;Pj~/JJ../rJ..!iJJ-...f

L)ijJ.~~f~'J~J?L)~LJ'f~~~J..Y~2..LL)}./y'fl,~~ -~ JJ1~J v: ~Jb./r?f ~ r.lJ.i'JJ( i(b./rJIw~~L~JJ'f~tJJ-...fLL)}./y'fl,~--;J,

J.h~-/JJ~fLL)r.\;f-'~VJ'(:;J/L'":'"'7'L~Jff~'V~j ...P./JfL)j~"'pv: ,-:,,¥JIw?f~ ~J,":,",f? (L)#~fV: (fi./J(~ J'.5'J~~JL)J1f./(jJ£lb./rJIwLL),(r~--?JJJ'f,v:tJ;./J/L)JJ' J":;">~JJ,I/Jfb./rJJ'fLj)J/~i~,3~....fI~LL),(f~./}J't;_~ -v:tLJ1;f.tf/I;i~~j,?J):JfJ j?~J'.5'J~~J/(;Y~f./Jf~

~)D_,It-J.~_,IJIJlr L)r. i,)/-f.::/l7....fi JL)YfJ.:£~~pj;PjJ.bJfJlrlb./rJ lw\;)f./JJJ'f ~./_,bV(.;'V)~f~l,iJJ1(~...:.-;jl.)!uj~L~J?'~./jL.::-A;L -C .::-Iw_'_;y'~f L L)}./y'd-,i,)J~i'JV{. ~f,.i..lrfJ./ JAf?~./jL L)J./k'" ~Jfp~./f jl)f:Y( d-f LJ1 /c:-~ ~JA; ~fL--!f».~./}vt;~J ~ (JfJ;./JfJ;./Jfp~./I,(gLL)J;V:d-fllf~.::-hf~f./Jf,~~L)?./

~~L (fl'~ j (.::j)~ J~f»../Jf'fJ1J,":,", r,.::-~Y~L)lf.L L),(f_~JJ ?f J '.5'J~~JL)J)j~f./JfV~~ v: (fi./J~fJ!IJf!JJ'_;JfJ.h(fk---

t\--


-~J1~~J~vl JIr JPij. :~.l?1J1 ~.llf'~CJ J tJ/')Y.:c[' ,L c..f.. ~ Vi {P

.

":(.Iir-I'~CJtJ/J)Jvl_f-~CJr"'...fI:..kyl~O·~DJ/L(IY'I,6.1t

~.IlfJPij.ff-1(;.LtJ/')y':~.ljL(;)I\.tPij.~.l?.lJI~:~~ _~L)[,l,c..f..~if(.)j~L).h.lI~G)~.ljL~.lliJ::::_~.lJm?YL * • ,~ ff-0)~I~v-?vIL(J.lj.'~C0?JJ)J/.c..f..(')i.CJ(;)ILtJ/')Y.:

f(.)j.L~I.lJI'~)IJr''''''.li~G)JL~.Ilif~~LJ)J/.c..f..if. .. .. -: .. . , if.'~~Iy....fI'(~.llfPij.ff-t'J1~~=,~vl-~1)[,l,~.ljL~.llf ~.llfJr~ld'L.LJ1,;;_7.~(')i~J(.)j..IJI(.)j~';;_/J)2..I.lJ.llfL

f~t'J1~)I;:I~vl_i:..J~J/.,=-LJJJJ:JI'L_,J,J~c..f..(;)I"JJJ1 , ., t.5'.1 [,l,r"~JiI.lJ1 )1;:1 /I{ (.)j~.lJI(.)j.L).h.lI~ [,,)tJ.I{~.llfJPi j.

-I J.ltJj ~vJJ

'V~Uv'(~.llfJ

vl.lJIPij. LtJ/')Y.:f~ J~J?Jvl-Jo?{~.llfJvl.lJlv}gJIj.L(Philip D. Curtin) (.)J.I~L.l.krvigJILJ1LJ1td;L4~..4fff-b(;.Lvlff-='~~ c..f.. vigJI'-1);? ~';;_/J)...fI{ .I} JIr.lJIJ.huh--f(.)flL (.)?,/. ~if.'f-V~Uv~)I..JJ(;)I.lJI~.llfJ(.)yjJ;Lvlc..f..::".llfJ(.)yjJ;

Jr"~~[,,)J~)u}gJIc..f...IJ)~..4fJIk.I~~J~.llfvlff-t'J1~)I;:1 (;)I,~t'~10~~)1 v:r.f J? c..f..,;;_A L (.)yjJ;(;)1 L vl-It.5'.1

k....6WI:'i:..Lfg.lJI

L.I;J;J~(.)lf.f J t.5')(;)(;iJ(.)~.lJI(.); J(.)yjJ;c..f..vl,~~0.1t'J.;_p-v;iJJILvl'c..f..L~utUIJ)JDJ/ ,

-

.IJI~~j'~'~.I~I)_f-)jt.f'(~.llfJy~ltJ/J).IJI?.riI.r-.riI.r-L~.llf L';;_/J)...fIr"~f(.)flL~)uigJIL(.)?fi:../l;Ywlll!ILtJ.lI)=,~/ ';;_.I~L.:;.J:JIr.lJIJ.buh--JvigJIL~UvLJ.lG)vl-V~) --

q--


- U;((' fj.:.-~)Y~v:

L 1-=-~UvLJjJ:fL J) V::""'LL(.:.-A?J;{ v: b.;t·J~' JfV~.:.-~j jl)f(_lJf':'-).fftJ)~;~).;~f..ivL~H)V",Jfh,y' vU.t1 ",J)-=-U}~Lf?f .::::.....JJ(Ui -: , ..",)f/.",JfLJ;/.'UP!-f'UJ.7.t"t,;)fV: ('? V:/(;YY-=-Vf_';:c ~(.,..:.-~jLU~J~L.t1)~IV: Uj.~-/J) J.:f?.7.t"f.::::..... c) .:.-:b'"" -=-~UvvfJ;:Jt &e: If -: ,-:..(;;,(.,. .. L vf ,J.t1t}1 UJ;{J~",I'J~f",)'u.rL~V:u}~L;f",)m)J5-=-)J~J't.jJfUJ~/ -1J1'.. L.t1~",j(._,LLL .. -: LvfV:Pi",Jff.t1Jf-=-uJ;(i~fJ'vf~(.':',ib"'t"Jf(((LJ) {.:.-~~YJ~-=-UJ).I~,=-fL vfJ£'V_;(.;.f~/V: vf L UJ).I~ f~f",f)JiY.V:?-=-(CL~jJt.""J)jJfJff

~rj(~J,'LU";f,Jf)?

.:;;f.",JfLvfL)~C,;~YVfL.::..rL7.tJy.--flJ'u}",YPiLvfV -V.I~ffuJ).;-=-

b_; l;J.,:.,l)..y ~ ~b"'t"J'.:.-L)Y~V:)~JILU?f 1.::..rL7....(IJ'u}",YPiLvf LU";f_L.t1.:.-fJfV~U)#f/.",JfU}~YL~)Lvffl('Y~L.t1 LtJ)f) "J.lLu}l)IV:mJfk.f~f J'c';J;-=-LUvfffk.fJ'b"'t" M

M

JL.:.-fiv'_~L/L.J::::~??",Jf~L'f>'u/Jh;;;_>'...fi~'v-

~L(.,.LJfu~A-:(j(j..i'v-Lu}~~lJfUJ",}(.,.'U?",)::_..ivLf'JV: . .. .. .-: U";f_~ t".t1 J~-=-t,;)fJY~)JftJ)~ 1J'U}~LfJL.t1)~1::_-=-~J'~f ./;?-=-L.t1J>LtJ)~I",JfJL.:.-/.'Lm,)?YfJvfLb"'t"~;L _l(d~(vfL.t1.:.-fJf?~b)t"JILvf",Jf~/(vf

=1(/(;Yt,;)fV:",:",C)~fL(AlfredW. CrosbY)~;J)~jj)f --

,._-


Jvuy.~JY~Lvl.~LL1~_[/IJudvLVI~JI~k,..('f-V ~p!Lvl~tll"~r

'The ColumbianExchange':'f-J~(",:""CJ

"'((¢O'~~~~Lj)~LvILy.L.f~~I'~ lu0:~?~.::.~Y~ ~)JtYY~JIU~~l::J'-:f4.,..(~,LJ1~~)~~?~_[/I(.£JI/V,}1 f~ ,..., _.:;.... Iv"

'-:f~i....ffl~"~f~"~(;I~_6'IJ~Y~:J~...fI,;--'L~;J.f ~)/-~A::.5~)'~)?~~i,..( u!'::'~?J0J,..('f-~j (vl'f-,y.J1t{?( JItJ..Z:~~ UJ.~/J),..( 7.~ uj~Ly.~/.IJIr;JL

~_v!;(

-#vi~vL~;i 19_LJ~JI!J'(;~~ LUJZ:~IJ'-:f~if'f-~Jl)Jvl Jy.(~)~IJ~~'Llj.::.I.iIJ;~{uJP~(-;L_[/ILUi~l::~~i ~~ILU>fIUl{.!JI,I'!;Jy.J5~J·,~.2_LLy.)~I/UJ~('~I~~ii J~ ji~Luw/~JI~j/v.. d-,J:y'~~i~v':-I~J~_~i./u,L;J ~-JY.",:"".hYVljIJ~I.2_vl,~vdJ/u~~;~L~liLUL fV;{~;li~J(.::.~Y~v..,.j!"Lvli,!J1J/I~JUJ)?~JIUP~)J~/~

...fI~JI~).f~./.(";J(".::.~"""LJPI~)V~'::'~J?",:""I_f_,(_~((;....f",:""

?'f-~,:/~(W~~iVILU}~y'v..)~Lvu;fIv..,.j!"Lvl~~i~'

If'J'"

~ ~

_~r: .Y''':;-; 1":;-; I

Lh~/UJ~/LU_,r.,..(~/,::,~~y'~IL~Yv..,J.J--ul -#v.. U~,./.~JIuJ.?f 'f- ~ Ui~~~I v.. ~I_~U 0:~JI vV~J.t)JU/}~~J(jlf'f-V~'Y~(~I'~ lu0:./.(f.t,j!..:-rI~) v..jl~JIJy..i~[.;)~IJI.~JU).)J~I,JJ:~I~J~I_~ lu0:~ _'Y..iI~J.t;J(rJ~I(~1 v..uJ.LIy.J",:""I(J(ljl~~i~,..(Vt.f~j(}.;vIL~Y --

II --


J'(y')f~UY.J'0fd_vU.1~j)if(;,zjv!Jy~vfd_L0fjJ ()f~_6f~jb~,.( 1.:..l ~J="IJ~.t1A;_( (~,::,-y'L5')r~--?,J' LUJ~)~,.( f- t'.t1~)f_tf=,J(Pffi~? Vf-U))t;J',,:,,·Y)l{.fL ,.(f- J.t1Jf'::'->(..;,J=,~vf-022 &C;~Lvfj.t1..J1ff1()(...,i0k"j) JlrjJfJ.blfl;4'~J~0 L.f(G'4' .::.-~lf~~Jj.t1J(P'::'-jr'U:f~

J_,f

jJfuj/.L~ljf~fjJf":::;lbJ.;4'

gJ')._ffjJ~t

~0 Lh/.~~-/J)._ff~Jl.---

dfjJ~f)fjf,.(0J.t1'::'-~?J~~f-t'.t1)f_tf/f~uM

~v!r-~.fllJ~j}J.~1J.;~tt.f.f,.(?tJ!~0~h~f )._ffjJf~0 Lhl?f~.::.-1fJjJ..fjJf0 L/.f~~j~J)v)~J'0 L~ 0f~~(2).f~;f~;fI[:k,..;ijJf~rd;( 7.V)t./JfU;':£ t.f.fjJfJ' , ,

_~J'~/J'G-)LU}jy'~_)?L.::.-VfY ,

H

='j ~ Vf L U}jy'jJf(~_,J?J/ih .::.-1.;: (fi~ a(v!).J.--Vf ",: ..J;f7.4-f.t1~_.,1J'U~ji?,.(~~(J(...,iJtLu~J)JfUJ;{ 7.L~ 1'::'-~YjjJf'UJj;'.::.-LfJjJ.:f..};iLuJ/7.L~"(~,i:"'~vf,v!~f

1

~J,.( viJtfjJfv!"(jf;£'££~f}/,~/~)u;:,J.~LtJji ~0fv)vf_vf .f,J.~~.::.-1fJjJ_lJf,U;/, Jlr'~lbJ.;'J._,J!;.f:J';j~

-lfJ~u~~f~jJfV.t1r.f.tt~t L d~ U}k~,.( J.t1J'"-{.J1 -: ... L~v!_f>f J?J(p'::'-jr'U;:: . Lu_,r.fJ.t1(j\(j)LL)~jijJf_(/fJ~J(.,'::'-j_""U;:'~)l:-'.f~)d -l.£viJ~0~ytdJ~ u/}d-,.(f-~(~Jf~U£_t)J'0fjJf,::,-~U)l)f0fL))(..f

L0f_~(~0k"))Lurf.)jJfU/}J~L~~fj1,J:'('(.7~L L5't.f.fv.ifJfLurf.),J.,:£.d~u/}'i-f...J/';)fjf=,J.UvL=,j _L5'LP.v! 0!f.._ff.::.-j(J ~J' 0 fv! J (P.::.r'vf, l.(" j

j

--

Ir--


d-LU#l.bvt6'~~i,J'f-~~JttJ)~i--;if.--;0~"'~_/J)....fi J'.j~J'J'.}(;.f\!\;}'~Jt;C((;.::.-Vp? ~"-~~ L \;)' ,V((; W ~'--; u'" j

~j ~()~J_f\;}k-"~JLUiJ)L;)('_'£.a?L--Lv,~_e:.--;J~J.::.-j -~).f?~UJ;fUJ#[;,Io-_;?Lif.~J"'J1(~p!L~~~i?,J'fJ\_(Y.:''f-b~t'Jui~!~J'f-'J1J?~(jJ~?0~'''('~J'....fi ~~~(.,!~;:--~J(;~~J'Jh_I.fL)t;:J/~,z..v"'f-0~"'~~ ~J'LfJ,~J((Jij,,;'~{'v.:C(,J J(GerdaLemer);)'tt~J)..-v'_'fV~j~b~t'J...£tJY'-lJl't\.fL~~N/~v,LfJ,~~rJ'_,)' ~Jif.J~UJ}.;"-/J)Lb~t'Jui~!L;)(._'~p!Lv'_'f?,J 'f- 'J1(~J'f--; Ui~!J U}\;},~J)..-v'-'f- VJ1J''''j~--;v'":,,,'~ -uf v!JJ..j.·L(;'J:}f~~i., J \;}',d!l,..V-,,/J)~J''f-~~.::-f. h}L b~t'~~ / "-~{ v' 'J'.}~Yv! ~l,..V-\;}'-'fVJ(rY'fe'~j~J'u~)E....L ~J"cj? uYl.7.~J'U{Jj'\;}, L u.i'- 0J(;~)J'::'-~(r~J''::'h--h--'":,,,)" J'.}{0 JJ~v'Lb~t'-e:.~YJ"")...£":",,?,,J'f-~Lv!,,-;')Lb~t'J'ff ....fi~cj?J_fJ~J',~f"-/JJ....fi._6v~J'(,j,,J,J1~~~~

-v:

--

Ir'--

(;;.a?W"-/J)


~v[-'f-(~ ~L.fk.(dvL~f..::.-~IJLJJJJ'~~bJrv!

IT(~

~=~ J}tJ/V! vl-'f- c:Cy.~t~~.fL.;;::_L~.;;::_L~~J~~;IJ ..::.-~IJ~J~J;Jj1=~~1'f-0~~J}~JV~..::.-~IJ=,..('f-vit.f _'f-r~l(~}bJrfJv[Li!LbJr-'f-tJdJ LIJLy.v! if~~Iy.~Jvl)~ 1~~}bJr,..('f- r~=l(jfI _'f-viJJ""lbJ~k.J~iL~l£J';;::_JiJ,r:I-!f1vv!tiyf..::.-~IJ L t,J/}~;~ ~ ~I~ bJr jL)1L t,J£...::.-~IJL':;'!}('I tf!,.f£ ~0':Aivt;J}~(..;,~~JJ,_LY.k.(~L4-Jj;;r...f)IJJ~/v!t,JYzj j;?:;J}tJtivilt,Jl)c'l.,!r:I-v1L~£;(j~~bJr~J}L':"'~u-~ ,":""JIJv~iJ',":""JIU:jjvJkiL'\..[~JJ/JJ~J~L~J~v!v[-!f~.f d~L'":""7JJIJ??I./.l'~~,":""JI~I'-:"""'V::CJU:jv#.;;::_LI..,:>G:IJJ ~~bJr~J}(~f,":""JI~Iv1LJ.(z/)v!(.!)~J(.!)~)~JIn~J}Lt,J_,JI.Y t,J_,JI.Y01~J}J'LL~"';J..::.-~IJtf!0IJbJrL(G:IJ)'f-r~(.("(j _'f-r~y.~7~y.T~0vr?...fJ:iL0Lv1~~l:;(jv! L~//J~J,":""JIU:jv#JJIJ_lvl.;;::_~~.2...J/'vlJ,r:I Jd'jjL)lvIJJ~Jb~-d";~J}Jtit,Jl)l~bj~)t.f;;?.;;::_LIYv[,..( _.::::...J~y.7 • . r' ..::.-;lPJ01.;;::_LIYLt,J_,JIJ~~L.2...J/'v[Ai_~V/1 --

I(Y--


LA~J.:u}>~L-"'L~U~0..::.-(::'i(J.:.IIJ)I~,":-,,)I(LiL;;I.lJI 2...L--J.:~0,":-,,)I~I?~World ViewJJIi(0l)1=_V(~LU_,il)1

jl)I~I;;crfl-~4:-)aGJ.: l-~),..(,":-,,)IU:j~,":-,,)lu~L--I('C.-~ Li./.._,ib.lr¥.IJI,":-,,)IU:jv.:VLi)'Uk=L(u~vl(LiAiL(:>~JJi(J1. _~LrJ.:/ vL70'.I(:>J'''::'-~?{'JI,.{r(-'''t)tIJ~u}~~f..::.-~v!crfl ,;;,,(,0'~,":-,,)IU:jLJ~J~~)J.:~I~p.?.I.('-.£(:>V~7f vI7j(:>if.'":-"CJU:j~)~~0ev!?~J~-~ ~~)J~U*j ~U}>.IJIUJ~.I)~J.: L~Ljl'Y~,.{?7..JhJ~0...f1~Ii( J-J.:v! ~0J~J~.ILJIUJY~J~LIJ C. J.:U}>0!7 "::'-.IV J)~.I(r( L ejJI;{1~~{' i(mU~J)UJI.IL~.I) Cf.!o;>~ d-1.lJ)A-7 r('_7VV0~Jff~J~L01~,_.vLJ~d-J.:..£.0UJ(:>I.I -~ Z;_.IUI)J/LLLIJ.':;.Ii(01~Uilj~ ~0£~t)LI)lf..::.-LY'.I0 jlj"{~lIL(;.Jf""J.:uJ;'JA ,.. . ,...... .. .IJI(:;.;I.", Lf jlj.lJI_v. Lh): 0UJl:'iJ.:£ .. L Ui....A~;:~J.: ..::.-LY'.I0 ... .. .IJI~I././J.:((!ij (Patriarchal)U/.I{ .IJI(Pastoral)0'IJ{ ...fI-~ .II)) fUJY~J~-~ j-"'Vu~.II)_'jJ.~0JI}.IJI)/71:'-"'V./I~;I) i(,,;,,~ kf_9Jt i(0L~ L-",V ..::.-~L 0LJI~ 2()~PifLIJ L rL ?)~~..Jh~~01,.{if_~ L)~I~UJ~J('J ~~:-71:'-'" jlj i(~0rt)_~0~i()lf(:>JJ.:mU~J~Cf.!J.: Luvl"{ ~ L)l(-U:<-v.! ~~.I~I tIJL..::.-~v! J.:~J~_fJ.:-t..ti~~)?y.l~

o(:;

i("::'-~V!-71:'(:>-",(Jfi(..::.-l>.I}.IJI"::'-~.IJ?jl)I~J~L"::'-(:>.I)LUJri)

.

~J~r~b1L?J.:Ui~l;--~L)J ri...)~t lhJI~~Lf... t..til"{~,. r~~~Jf.

.

..

_~j;;.I~IJf..J)J..::.-~v!~ ~)~ --

10--


",:-,?~vf_~V')j ((Troy)LI}?v!~IL/Ytv)vl L5'~f.\f~J,.(f-c.U ~Iv.r(~J)I.;)V)JI_v.r ",:-,~('I(",:-,)IJ/...f0-'Iv.: vi) i..[.JY..::"h)(;' Ifi~~.::,.f.v! '(:;/J vl-? i,)~JV)i,)/J),.(~v.rIf.! J (Hisarlik)~)L.v J~)/1vLt s: LYt L v! JJ( vI cz: i,)v rIOOr' L(Pierre Belon)0~'-bvk--~j...fl~~~v! Ui;~ dJiPJ / .7.rd.7....fI((~(_;l--L,-)')'( vR-V't,J/((~ v! A 2... L L~_;~ (VLV't,J/v! riA'1A L (HemrichSchliemann) )1;'1?L~)LI}LUJ(rv)vl-VYt_;l--Lvr0-'A.))(;'I/'~d.7....fI

f-V~.I';:'h));( (Priam)(h",~~,.(f-V~v!,-)~L0r;£';:'h)) )Jli:...?-) (Andromache)J~J);I)JI (Paris)vb ,(Hector);0ulf. _1J:Y~(L'}~?~hl.1L/~ ~0tivbUlf. vI A.)) I;' 1Qfi~)JIL5')i,))~';:'h))0-' Pi L ..::"y'JdJ iPvR tJIJ.2:_v!P!.J.' v.1(J)LI}~~jl( J/Yt~(J.LI}VI,.( t.; hIllium)tlL5'rLI}(f!.-v.r~~~...fI",:-,I/(fr._hi)JIf-rLI} _.::::....(Illios , if.v!-v.r ~IJ0-'~UJ2l(i,))'l--li,)/J)J/.~)J ~£ L5'U:1 -v.rlf 1v!~LU:}b)r~JPiLL~ 1v!,j"(UYt L5' fi~~)(~;i)L b)rl b)rS (' vt b)r( Qfi~~vR hUj'}~' (f.::,.f.~J_f-J~Jf(Collingwoodj Iu- ..GIv! (;)Lv.r;£)

*"'

u:)

(U;J(..vh?Ji;hk')~UJri)(u}I/J!v!t:/-luJ,fi~uJ)'i)

vLf-vi)JzJ/JYt~.:JV~b)rv.11~J.J.'-v~V:!1;.b)rf-)j V:!b)r(;)i)b)r~~0-'JIv:r.v.rJhl!I(..::"tJf(;)lve}U:I-..f):iL JJ;I).It.?l--v!01ff-~ji..::,,~J:;_f-rl;f"::"~?J...fItJvl~J ~'(? (tJi,))Irv!'-)~ L t:/-J.I v.1b-'",:-,I? LU}IY01 i..[,jU:I_f£-f--

1'1--


C:(.,~ .,~ (j~

"-A L

LJIJ~~,,_.A .Lu;f!7t.:!--.:::_;./~./~U;iLl;.Jf..J/,..,_.:::_ ,-... ,

VVL:)~£? ~ L:)!.f:"- /JJ_,..... Vl(£?~L:)L.r=,,,-_d-VJ(j}I~J,.....VVjj~JLflt.:!-~L:)!./JI-,.....~ LUJt'iJ0L:)W1.J.,.....u;i(j(;J'? ~L:)WI0L:)WI~./.hJJ~~J""" UJt'iJLlf0U}WIH_,.....

.

-.:::_ , (j (; ~"-'/ L

LUJt'iJ~J)fJ1(~2...vlJp=,~d'jL;JJ.....G£fuJ1(.':/." ~

-::;-~~ t/l.:!1~1_,.....~.//~;J~ (~"-./~ LL:)WI./JI( ~"-./~ J~0n./}alJ./~;J=,~u}tf>LJkfl./Jlb./t',,;.Jj(..,~(~~_fi' I(L(fi~,,-./~LuJ(;'iJ?L~bC~"0j..;;'vlJ,vR_,..... UJ? ()J~J~./JI(Feuerbach)iV~J~()fi-UJ ~'JI.~0 (jd'jjwI LI.f>L~J~..r~_fi',..... J~; ...fI~jL ( vV! i,.....~ Uy}~..d'L:)!vR-,.....?~L:)WI~tJ1..;~tJ1~UJt'iJ..r,.....V~(;.~~~ JCt~0L:)Wlt'iJ(Li=,..r,.....t';~~AiL~V~Uv./~J,~J"Lu~JI t,;?./..J)0L:)1~U}IYJ. IL:)WI./J'-UJ LJ1 Ll.¢'1~~ ~'";-C j;2~()J~./.

J..f(fr

-,.....Vl(~uJ~JL:)!~J.....c..r~,.....t'/ 'Didst Crush the noseless Dasyus with thy weapon, And in their home didst over throw the fiend voiced'.

_J1 4:-J;;:

/

JfI KIJ LIJ Jt J:~ ./V<';-, ('

[~J14:-Jj~(jvJLL:)lluJ.ilJ; ju.;./JI J~->/fi fUKIJif.,J?_UJ ,....../_( ~"-./~ LJ~!~J"::-~=, L;L;/L4.}0()pe~KIJ0UJ~./;./JI_,.....';lr-LL:)I2...L~J

oLJ)

,

-.:::_~

1:_,..... t';h",,0U.iti..Ju;Lt.:!-J) --

Ik--

t'iJL:)J';--?~~I

.


~fr;c:Cl;.(j//Vb'J~L}~It'i)-'f-tIJJ~IJ(~JUJt'i)jiv!~ LJ1 L;;~J(jI~

¥,Lu}l)It'i)v!U.t2WIi(j!_'f-t~~.L V!J~IJ _~L~

~L(£?~JI~-t'~t~vi,...p(6~t'/u.t2L(J_}vlU:ljI~

Jj_L.fvir-?/vl(jI)6~t'.:::.-~.:::.-LIYL"';;;Y'L;JJ...J/(/.-'fl.;!IU~ LU.t2ti(-;-Jr~v~ ~}J,j 6~t'f~ ~.:::.-v!f 'f-l:{ l_r;J~lIL6~t'?r;)?Y'v!~JU?~)~":,,,)1

~u::

-'f- J r/vt-~":",)IJ_;:;Y~JIJr..::,,

;~1(u::}6~rJJ'-I (HecateusJJ;Jp ~JIv-"~ Ur,;)6~t'jti v:!}6~t';')VL ":,,,7 )~rvl(6~t'...[);iL(jL~ L))~r(U:}6~t'.:::.-andHerodotus) ~J)~.:::.-~v! (j1~ L'~'J)'J?LU:)

6~t'L t..h_IYtI,5'.:::.J:!

.:::.-J;~v! -'f-l:{6~t'Jf.,C~1 HOriginalHistory),Jd'f- (6~t'Jf.,C~1 (':.,lI'"£'J)1 (j! L 6~t't..h-'f- viJjJ~ J/ v! t..h~JI;JJ...J/ _c.....l:{ , (Method)

u:)

(OriginalHistory)U::}6~rJI_.c~I~JIJj v!...f)YLvL'f-t'/~J;,:::,-u}~YJvl,,::,,~J (':.,l.?v!L6A·Jj v!_~(Thucydides)~~I;MJI(Herodotus)JJ;JpJ~~;J'IJ 6~t'd-~ JJ1k.(u:?~..;L1J (':.,bJI..::"b1IJ,.;:_t~(~ldL(':.,l.?

)JLl:)f?v.~)~J6~t'O(;.-J:I..J/'J_v.2f).:::.-u/Iu.Iv:!)

_c.....t'~JP';;~~L.lr.~ ,. .. .. ....

-..Cf~jJJ.~~-..Cfv)v~-v. .. ..,LJ1c.....:J1liJ~ LJ./,t.fdl~j'-/J)L.::..c),v:!}6~t'LIJ£~~~(':.,l.?v! --

11\--


LU./(

(f1f-r./J~IhwI~jjf:-tf~~(t(';-I/(;-...fI~)if._0

c:d'/);;7~.JpL~IJJ~2.Lrfu)Ly.L.J;!J..}b.Jr~)

-J1v.i~

-~,

/ v! ~IJ.J.JJIif-~,t.i VlJ,d_ ....(J:iLJ-J -j;Jt'.I}(-t.fl":;;~jS~u!t)JIS(I}fdl~J_f£

f-.JJ.~J~~fU'}~~S';"_)(P.JJIUYCA-:~U(&,dlJb.Jr=,

LIJi:!£dL~Li"v!-0z;..J~~~~Jj,...fI2.':-f0Ly. v!.JJI0 Ly.(~v!~}~J2.v!-0 Ly.f-.J.//J(.JJ:/('_f£ .JJIPxv.iL'~.J~ eIFJ.JIJ./(dlvtZ:....J/IF~L)j,(&,IJ"'(vl~) ;:_I~J~ ....(i..J/2.Lu_;JJIJL , Ju (d' ~ , r(&,~.J~ . ~.J_""'SLlj Sj_fLry.v.i~J.LdIA.Jj/0Lvt:::""J./0kdJt.:ff~";;fJL.JJJ -0 ?-.J((j~J;JJJ';-I~J.i.V!-j;v.iJ~.JS01t.fl~Jyvl _f-r~Jz--IJ~u}~(JIL.::.--.Ik7~~ uJ!fJUYI.}b.Jrd! J}~ if.-f- J./(f(y CsLLJvl?!;ftS (Pericles)v#'U_6,.(~ H

'~)f~

,

-

f~J.JJ:JJvLJI0~/.£JJv1.';'vLU}fJb.Jr0!('_(;J?Yt.fuIJi:!£ .JJI(Xenophone)

01;:; ':cJilj,9,~jJ_I-1

,J-J U~ -0

~ 01t.'

/L~Li"Lb.JrJlk.Il.[!kJ.UYLvLf-~JJ~S (Ceaser).J~ U?IJJ~ ~j ~J~J~ LvI -vt J./ jlz; CS vl.JJI vt JI ~ "

H

H

(Cardinalf-.J~ j.J((C;.v...fI.JJlf-r;;~~Llj'(flt.ff c

_Ctv:fjj (VlU~L,.f:;~_(;V jj(v.t!~ ~~

(Memoires) a:r.//J (Retz) ,

~ Lu/.

0!t.JJL~jJ_I-1.JJlv;'~~_r./v.i/J(v!~~Li"Lb.JrJlk.lwJI

vkJl.JJI(Pherecydes)vt:t_( U) (Mythographers)UYI.} _l'vl U/. r.//Jt.f (Guicciardini)jj.JV

JI Jj,.,f?-f-

r.//J( (Acqusilaus)


d.'i'LvL~(;)')~L--.IJ'J-}6.1rtJ}(b'(I',ol"._l'wr\r')j;.Il1J/..:::_ H

H

,

History of ItlaYv!I'IOI".LvLi:..~J(I{'t.fjJ,jL~LJ.l.A.)~

L/(;)~/J)f:~LtJ;'-f-J~if.~~("~~}6.1rJ~~oD?I~ ~_.:::_lIjj~vILy. )~L6.1r if- Jy...::-~JL;'YL~~';I;.IJ'~;JP~~ ;JJJ/" .... /J)-v2' ':-) Q)", ~~,;I;.;::_,.;>J J ..:;.,;;:PI,,; J vIIJJ;Jp 6.1r~v1,_(f-J'7't.f=~vlf-()fJJ(;)vl.1J'~~)v/~r'LJJ;JP v! &L(Hippocrates)j,';'~Jj( _.:::_J.lLy.2...;'~'U=:v.._1a,;~;:! , ,

H

Jy.V6.1rJ~=ff-r/J'y(j)}~JA.lJ'-f-~6.1rv!~Li"JL:ii J_f- zJ/J ~)J(~J~,j(f-J.l~6.1r=-fJ JJ;Jpf f-I:{ Ly. L/:,;'Y ~ur-} 6.1rJ)(;)! ~'.IJ; JJ

~=v!~~';I;p!Jvv~-P.-f-..::-j.lJ,JYJJvu'?v!~}6.1r ,.;~(&,Jt~J.;::_I....£'J)IJL'JL 1v!p!f lJ: tr~JyvLJ'-IJ:y. ~6.1rJ~~';I;~"-/J)_f-}().IA';J.J",(;)vl~)v;{iJ~;JP-tY. '( (] "--f-J~..J)l)..:;.,;r-(,;~;JP-P.-f-~J'(.I~~;fJ _f-r£0'JiJ;i,.;p"i£.a?vLu-t.:hf..:-(.JJ;JpfUy.~ o: ~L'Y'f-~k--~JfL(v!"-.I~L~i~)~LuJ)/L7.£?Lvl ..:-(.;{iJ~;Jpff-~J'f-0.1(;'..J)v!t.fLi.f}'-c:(y.J.l£'YL -'

},

~-f-tJ(~v!.I~~;I),,-y....ft(.;}Jfv.lI~J0'-AJ'-f-vlf.~)F 1'~.I'L~}6.1rf v2'L~JJ'i=~J_v2'L/ ~",~~';I;._ht?

Jj~dJt.:fJJ~,.fLf-ry.tJ.lJ?t.f~~IJ}luJ~t.5..:-(..a?vL -f- ry.(p._jv! ?? -f- ry.A; tJ~Y...fi~J-) 6.1rfi - Jy.J.lt.f~i tJ} IL(Pericles);!tJ_6[P -f dJ'f- ry.~)V~Jf f-.IJ?=,;..}'U~ ..£l:;'''::-.II?~JJ~~,;M?J~ Lv1v2' Ly.J'7'?, v!"-A L,-;-"L0

--

r·--


;!tJbI_'f- V ~ Ji. (1.11...£ (;; I.IJI!tz V.,:.,~v!j~.i~)l,.-_j _v,.;~..J)J.,:.,:Uz7

J~J)" 'f- r ~ ~ v! '-A L

=L...t~~~({'vLvr.f ~Jtft.f£?LvLJ'1J;,.;J~!iJ/J;!tJb)"~).frJ'~~JA'l,.-.f,.( " . ". Ji",q. J~ J;?v! '.f..}O~rv!p.iV:~{''':''(.;,'71(;)!r''_-'f-vi",:-,~)v.:'o: -J'~v:i>.J/AiLL(;)I~ ChS..?.;:::_LIYL6~r~~~~JIJ.t1 _'f-r~~).a>j;.-.{'vI16~rtJ~l,.-.f(;;)~/2...J)"...fI~v!6~r~_ (Reflective History)D"t"

j~1u~'JJj

(;)Uulf.-'f- (~(;;li'"~J(6~ r="-'f-~)~I}(;;li'"(f(.iIJjI (;;li'",-/J) -.t16~rJ"~":"~'J/r~J)"J.t1v.1.f~t.fJ,;={'vb'J.t1v:iJk.J(;)(.J (l),JJv!.;:::_L'YLv!U~~J_'f-J.t1I~J~.;:::_J~i:;J~J (;;li'"v!J( 6~rv!v!-'f-~J(t(

(UniversalHistory)(~~~r~JI(&-'f-rl?

P~'V!(tJ/J)_'f-r.t1th~'(6~rJJ~)~(jJJ~ ~(u:.) Uk_~r.fJr..l.Lf~l,.-L)I."" ~~r(....;.:.v " .. Vd~J·--!-~i(tJk..Jlr.;:::_.)I.'" ()-, ()'": ? 'f- ~)~ ;I/I;Y~JI.,:.,~IJ (;)1.;:::_LIYL)vl~JI.,:.,t 1J'.~J1J';-1 VIJ.:£ '{j~v!~!i:;)J (;;li'"~~J~JI-u.rL.t1? .;:::_ U}~.i'-/J)JI.;:::_vl L~JtJ~I..v~JU}r'I~I)"'f-J~t.£;!/..J)J.,:.,~v!~iu~_r.t1v:i =~U~ t:f-'f- rV~(LJ..I.....;.:.v.:;JJ L.f(;)~/uyt~(~JI":"~IJ? _~j ~ , IJJJIJ'(;;li'"(1.11)"~,..,t::t.: VIJ.:£;<)" (;;li'"';-I';-Iu:.}6~rLdlP!d lP!v!(lj1d.7.)"'f-l:{JjA ~JI~jv!~v!)" u.rLh~)?~Jlcfh}~~I~JIu.r L.t1£A(( ~)J~J (Livy)tJ,d.;:::_.L1yvkf. )?'''''Ulk.~JUr.!}6~rtJ}u...I. " " VLV(;)I)6A·I.5J~.-'(tJr1/Ii._~ jOq)(Titus Livius)vif.{;;~-~, " rr..J/.;:::_v! UJk/'r'ot:fl~ --

History of Rome U: uJkJL

rl--


u,d-~J-} 6Jt·(,..... .,)"'-'LJ1'-/J' u'JLJ..::.J~ . Jj~J_vr.....,-,VJ Lu'F-,Lvl?

~ t',)! ~ ~~;w v! ~,.;..-L ~.r'~.JY.JJ'UJ1~J~ t,)J.J

J;;'J?'U~J_J1J?eJk.(hJJ~}L6.Jt'ulf.2..v!-~r ~ t'J1"":",,,",,~~JveJ;;(.JJJ~tu~j.JJ'JU~J,j_t'J1tJ.iU.JJ?~J~M t'J1J'j'.b?'--~"":""'"" (.JJJ~ -f- t' r~ ~ V! Jf;; (A},L.JJJ vLf-

-~, Jif.f- t{ (programmatic) J()Jjf('u/JJJ6.Jt'u~' '-.Jlnji~LJ1Juf)J)LJ1LJ..::.-~Jif~(~ff-t'JUbJ~(..:,J 4-ji"::'-~'J~6.Jt'-f- t'J1J..> (.::-dW Jvl eJ1I..:!'-ft'~J1J.J'JJ~{' d'j

.JJ'f-t'J1._ff~;'Jf-t'~J..:.c!/'~JVJ(;)!?1f.J~J~-~LJ1,-Ar LJj'0)v!_f-t'rL~J~(?.JJ~~if~f"::'-~'J(;)I~'0)v! 'U}'J.,::../k--'U}V- ~ 4:-JJt,J/ eJ?~ J~f if~J-) 6.Jt'=...[J'l J.""~ ..::.-~jL if~tJ.it( f- J~J..::.-~= Y;~L'j'L(,j'.JJ'UU.A. L U?f.JJ'(" f f- ~l.f= L 6.Jt'.JJ'4-j ._j)u/JJ~ e:~t.af k..J(J<J.I (;)lvrLJ1 ~JJ""'?.:::.... (;)1l5''';.JJ,~tJ.iJ.''''Jf 6.Jt' ~l£',.:::....I.:::....L'j'Lul._j/f~t'J12..r-U::'.J;:'L'.JJJfi_v.LJ1 . ... , ~ ... ~.f~JfJJ""'(~dLJ~JL..::.-u~...[J'lLJj{'JY('I'L6.Jt'-f-c:C v!-f- t'J1JY4-e/ JjJ.MJ-I}U::'':::'''' if~~ ..::.-u~L(' v!_L~tJ.i .JJ'(;)eiy.Jt'~vJJ,j",:",J9'(ff-v:iJ~.JJ'Jf~~v!~L'_Y -IJ.: JJ t,J/ tJ JjJ.M~(J.J

c:

":

J.~

M

Lvl...[J'lLJj_f-t'~(Critical)U~M('U~~J~/v! ji.:::....6.Jt'((;)ILJ1LJI..:!'_v!JP.~.::!6.Jt'J('v!('j'dJ.'~LU J.Jt',J-}6.Jt'u~-f-JJ16.Jt'J6.Jt'=f~Ui,j-t'J1v:i~IJJf ~JLJ1LJ I..:!'-f-t'U~! ;f..::)~.JJ,J!rJ(;)LJ'f0, ;~~u~~ "::'-~'J

--

rr--


~u:.,£

;£b.lru:.,~j-vfJ1v.l ?/v!b.lr?-'f- r!J2..l---J!vf 'f-~~[:;l.?l:;lf~~/J0l-),\J~Lu~ib.lru~LUY.7._~Ji~L i.5'.lY'.J.tI';-lfU.[C~J(fi-'f-.lIJI~JUYzj~/,.(?~~j\~)v1 -'f- rJ1~)V)ly J LLiJ_""?Yv!v1-'fv! [:;l.?L vl)}..J17'(LJ1JJ7.L (Jil J b.lrL)~1 =2_v1-'f-J!J.:5.~)"'tJ~jf~j)JI0ilr{Ju~b.lr~-'f-)?Y .::.-(. .:.-!Jh>LbAoJ(v1[:;1,.( 'f- ifJj-'f- (;i...fl..J)J b.lr,;~

J) rU~.lJL'f-r~ tJ.:).::::...LlyLJ'LJrh7.J!~~-~ ",Uw) JII jJ.I.tI)JljJNU(f.-'f- J~ J.::::...LlyJjJ~I...fIJk. ._v>J.:.-L-J ..J)J b.lr,;~.::::...I? 0:::... jyv(; ~J (jf..lJ1o:::... -, , JI.> ..J),.:;ii,)~/~J~j.l(J

.

_o:::...rl.>L , ~1,.(~_'f-rJ1.::::...Jj)~I(b.lr~,.( ~;:f,.f v.lJ!=('

Jv1LUJ? d'.7.UJ)Ip._uf~IJ/..J.I~L _j!IJf~~lv1,.( ~::::...~ '(Fichte)~,(Schiller) r'(Kant)~ (,(Herder).I J),v! r.:1-- J J.I~1 J.lrLfo-l.lJlv0~J.I(p.LJj_'f-)jJIr(cL(Schelling)~

4-J ~hJ!~.::::...Jj_L/jl;;_ .lJI.:.-r~'.:.-~..w,~),::::",

L~)f

b.lr.::::...LlyL .::.-;:)~ _~(l(?-lfvIL(Vico) v! IiJ?.lJI1Pf.llL .:.-(}(v1L .lJji

,.('f- rJ:!'Jf.::.-;:pv! v1~J-H",JyJ0l.)IL~..J)J

J;f,:,-cI~

0l.)1~)v1-'f- r~..J)JL L'f- rJ1I~.::::....:._)J?.J./ fi( J;.lJlIiJ? J.I~r=l{vILfI.lJI-'f-~)(I{I{Jr)...fI~~L}.;jI.>J.I.IJI}.;J)~L.:.-)J 0l.)I.lJ1'f-)?'Y'::::'" J)I=Jk-V'v:1I~L 0l.)lf~) jl.>J.lv1 ~'f-J.ll---J .lJIU.(..J.?~)v1.lJI-'f-~.I/ realizeh}';".ljL~)jI.>J.lv1/1",~)

JjJ')...fI?v!U.(..J.?.lJ'u}"Y..f)'iLvL'f-~.I/2J!v!Uil.), --

rr'--


~t..t d-u.r (Historicalorganisms).;;.tJ-.IrYt,/t..t U) l) I.lJI-'7J~-'7-J-.lr{.I}j? J.t;jl)IUlf. '7-,.Jz>~1 to";"'.li-'7-~t~.li;.I. ~ . .:.-~=~ (5!L J;;'7- J~t,/(;)VJy' t..t(;)L'7-v.!I)J?J-.lrt..t U? I.:.-~v! L ~~ UI)I~{ if. -'7- vi 6.1rJI J' (;)vJy.f ~ L(LJ1? (5!.lJI_'7L5'.I~dLJk.,!,~ -0.:.-)Jf '7- JI)~.:.-~v!t,/...:;~-~lfiJ) ~(;)l)I~J.lJI~dL,-~~t,/,.,.ji~L5'.I/J>y.L rt,/J.t;J'(;)l)IJI[;) , . - , t,;}~.lJI(;)l)I? ~y 1'lfJk.,!,~Jy.~J'.:.-)J'7- cCJ1-'7-viiJ1 ~(;; ~?YU~ LvL~ tIJ~Jk.,!,~ v! ~-u.r '7-.lJ1~~V;(;)l)1 6.1r..J)J'if.~ , r£':)'~1/ ~Jk.,...~J'P.:;;;?~~ J' J;;,.,.-~ . ", Jj~Jf'7-JJ1v.!jJ'.:.-~u1'u~v6.1rf~-'7-L5'.I~2_v:' LJk.,!,~J'.:.-)J.lJ'Jk.,!,~J'b.lr",:;~[;)v!-u.rL5'.lJ(~dL -~~.I/J>~.f';A;uL..-( ~~ , , V'./)Jk.,!,~J'.:.-)Jt..t6.1r..f)jL...:;~f'7-~;JJJ;1 -'7-c:d~.:.-)J...:;~=)i?~h#'.lJ'~U~-'7-I)J?J'J)l)r~.lh#,jl),

-'7-r.f;;I;;~?~v;LJ;;t..tJk>'-fo (Bossuet) ~i. .lJI~r ~ jiv(~t..t if~ (JI~ ~U~ L~i. u.r L r)iLJ1 LJ1;1.t1/1{J;;t,/ (fl'1r~_fl~.(y) ':'-~:Jlu~L(;)!-u.ruL..-(.lI)/LU;J)(Reason)~u~LJ;;.lJIJ)~1 v:11.:.-j(5(;)fS6.1rf ~~~~vb.lrUlf._'f-dl/~JfS L5'.I/J>y.LrdLJ;!i,.)}w'if})}t.4I~J~':;-'-'7-L5'.I~2_uL(/tf U~LJ;;.lJI(Divine Providence)J)~I~U~ L~i.~-u.r JJ1 f'f-(;{~i._'f-JJ1L5'.lIJJ(~=~(;);(Cunning ofReason)~J.llt

lP[dL(lJijJ/v;..J/U:IJ'J;JGJ/Lu~

.J.6.1rv#..J/,.;j1)~ l.:Lfif 'f-C::~=L5"~..J/..f)jLvL'f-~.lJ(~~ Lv1?'f- cC~ --

r(Y--


bA·,.;~ .. -=--~~~-f-)I~Il:;I~2()fb.lr~~Jj-f-~b.lr';~(;"L?I_r!~Jj )1~le~Z_I/_lJvi()'1l:;1)1~I~L~~~Jj,.{f-vi"::/.I)>'~It.f ~l:)1-lJ1l:;lfJJ.lvlS~)b.lrLUJ/~ ..fIJ¥-~Jjt.f-A~vi~ -f-';(0}Jj"{~~(~_LJ.v..~;:.:L~~Jj(~'i~

~tJ~JIf-j~Jf-J.I?-'Z?~uJ.I)~fl:)l)I...():iLJj .lJIf-j~~~)vl Sr.?f- ~J_f-D::v..d"1)';-lfb.lr?-.lJLr.? ~wlf-Jtli...(lr.?-f-J.lJ;_.t~~J~j.l~Sr.?2..L--~.I~(~b.lr

l:)Lf-)}t.f.:%~SJWI,=-I(..;)vl.lJlvi(;.,aS?J..I~~2_Lvl ~j(..J.I(~(l),j-=--~;JtJ)~..J/,;? -f- t.fJtli...(l~J2_LJyr L r.?~f- i~()'~~Jf-~.lJ1£?c:~)vl-f- ~j.l~t.fv..)yfS(~f.lr ..fI.I,.,t~~vl_Vt.ff-2_LLh~rlyLvl.lJIf-()'.lh~r;;}Ulr:.

S(~~J.lliH~j~?J.lrLb.lr,.{f-~~t?~r.?_f-LJ12_JiJfH~

-f-~l:)J1/SrLr.?J) v..J) .lJIf-r lP(~ J~ S (Anaxagoras) .!;.,.lil,§i J-iif-=--~ vl Jj ~(..;)S.!;.,.lil,§i...() :iLvLf- r.l()')l:)~S}.;J LlbIL~;I)L r.? ~ILJ1L/~/J~lv!j(-f-j~~I()rft.Tff-vi(J(0'c.d/. J)~yftJ)~.lJIJLlbI~vI ~f- -=--~ J"'I()'tJ?~ -=--~jUJI Jr'J.I~/J) _lJ~.I~I..J)StJ.lJ/vlS.!;.,.liLflt.fL~'?_f--=--~tJ/ J~v..~)ff-C:C:~L;,~JL~rf-=--~~LIYLUj;'_.vU'j;;

--

ro--


c-,:; . }~'::.L)}?~CkL0')YI~,..,_j~v1;~ILJI:')(.,~)~J}v . ., -..,....

L.I..:;.,~0'/J)-..fIJjA-'f-vl.?I~Jf0?';-I)}.2L'f-.:J)?" u.r2b/.dtoL0'):c'~/J_,f0'y.~~ J.t)Lt,...;jJif:f 'f- ~ LJ1 ~01~ .!...(rvlJ'f'-u.! Li;r )~J'J.;,)jL.JI~JALJ1 L.I ~Ic.rf' ~_,f~JLlbI=)JI'f-0L£1J...J/=_'f-..J)?L0L£1~~(~..J/)lVl ,,0'):C1 ¢v)vl-'fto (~y)tov11=(j";)JIto1v1;;tt1 L(:>V,.;/v"..:;.,V("'-)lr-01hlV'...f~_C:C: .lv1? v.:--~;;=~)lVl J)to~wlu.r61)JVL0'! {J0vlf ~=)JI'f- to{Jz,.-IJ~vlc-~ ~..:;.,~IJc-LI..YLvlv.:--:§f'_~Jh~lh}~J~~_vtLf..:;.,~IJ

tI~))~~ ,

H

H

-'f-t.lJ!J~HI1f)

..

A..;7 1.1J ID.J (;, ~.'-J ~2...vl-'f- toJ1J~I2...LuiJ)vJ))JId'JJi4)~Giest~ 0P~.7. d'Jc-LIY~~c-I('ji_(,-{Jz,.-IJc-v~lvlJ!~~,.;.JjLJj -JL(.,J1ClmU..:;.,LjiJ.I )}L . ...? d'J~VJ)~(~ y)r)JI'f-c-vJ)~~~(~ y)rf 'f- ~ Jj ...;L1L.v!u~._f):iLvl_'f- e I':::'lr-")}L .:)?A~~ C- ~~I L)~L VJ)-vt.. Lf vJ) ~(/.-vt .. L I':::'lr-..:;.,~_";Y .. vC("...;L10 -'f-V~~~J)~~~1))J'u.rd')jVLJ~ fi? ~~J)V)V1'f- (Gravity)..::)~fi? ~'-)~4._f):iLJj L,-)~ -'f- ~~IJ':;;'1_""'0 VJ)(j 0')1)I)J1'f-(Freedom) 0')1)1~)~I =-'f-)~'?U;:)J''f-J?_,J~~'~J)(/.'f-~..:;.,1j0vlJ/~VJ)~ ~.l~UJ3J)~JL'f-(t!/J)~JI0U'~I~I))~J))?_,J~~ LrluiJ)).tI';-IJ 1)}-UJ1~(:>V~'-/J))JIUJ1~(:>~ (/.'f-()V .

--

/

r'1--


(~t.lrf 1.17 ;f~('dL..Jj}tJ/~_'7-~(

r~J}'6M.fLLYt

4-'7- JYt..J'r~ J L~AJ~ J..::.,j j~I~I~'ulf. -'7-.IL,f1~,('6'.1 -'7-JYtJ?Y ..: ..~(vJ'~{.I}L..::.5.IJ~~.:.;j~lJ'

@~

fu{(I;'._;.C!~LI.YLb.lrJj/~LJJl)r~.I~lv!"':""1 (1;,J/....[JyLv1_'7-rtfIYtrf~J(I;-L~I~brLYtLf IU_,i~.:;-I~,_'7-.I~I~~L)ljA'~L)lfv:?~~~,-v:?~(r~v! .I"J.llj}'(J.'7~P ..J/.I~I(~I~_1.I7.I~I~"f v:?~~ )1.tIV! .0$. . .I(JI.,,:;'I..J/~,'6)v! _li uitf£,yL ~ ,.;LjI,L,:,~~,U'?

=LYtL/.:.~J'JJl)r~.I~ILu.r.:tb'A-'7-ui~I~'7-(Despot) ~I) r.l".I~I~(~-~JA...£Ui;JJI) r=J'~I~_.i..I~I~~,f '7-t{ .I~I~h}{.I}LJjLJj~ulf.f'7-~~I~{.I}Jfr;d;:A-.i.

-'7-I::(I%JJ')"'..J)J'JJl)rLJj.l"~L-1~'~!.I}J/1.I7LYtfiU;~b.lt'?JI/~el.ljLJ';~~I'7-~Jj

~J(jljL)I~.::.-(.f~~,-vr , ....LYt/ j.t}'~(;JJl,:>.I"vrJ..I(;/ ~ .... .. ... LYtt {....[i~JjJ'LJf4/vI;-Jlj.l,'.:.tli·.IJ.lIJ;;Ui.~,J.I,? ~1~JMJ'U,/,J~.::/~J'~L)It"Af.,if~..J)J/,J~LvLI.I7 _'7-/.I/.LLYt,.;,.,.v(~I~b.lt'J'~jL)I~-I.I7? ~JjJlj?'(( -'7-u:i('Itf.;lJf(~I~b.lr2_v! Ju ,J;ltJ}, ..J)J/'J

.:.ij,-y' L J(jl jL)1~0.v1;Lff~2...L--L~lok.J.b'I.lI;'Jv;l,J~I":;;',LJ.lJrlfJ'~LI.I7 -'7-t'~.Jz.--1,~.:.b1I,J(;,z,.tI.l"J(;.)I~ b.lt''/1.pL.::.-(;-zI}t]I-1.I7 f ~.I"v.:hi{v!('~~-'7-~j.l(JzI}.I,I,~~jL)l~ L~!fiU2! ~Jf~~;lu~~ljl.lJI~J'ur~.I,u';-}J'u/,J{if.'7-.IIJ::f~,b.lr -~VL.;;I2_L~?

~,'J~Iv1r.r'7-t'~Ytt~J}:J}Jly=tf'_,i~

-- r~--


(Passionjd ;!j',..!}J)JIj}J

~"7-J/~,~vil?7-)j.;:.)~,SiJ;!iJ}JjJIC:,~,[;;~IS~L..)1 .::.-~_""J~~jiJ/~vl)7-JJ1J1I}:S~L..)I;.-7-J;I}~J?'~...fI vltJ1~~vLf,(_7-~J...{/.v!vlJ.iJ).,.-2...Lvl~'_J1!{ ji7-t"(:rJ1(J/[';)iJ~?2...L~u{,L..)IJ/;;_7-rJ1~I,~J~L -7-t.;Y~~JYSv;J~~J!Ju"'~~I[.;)v!_7-rJ1~l:;I~vl~, 2...L J (;,.~,1.::.-1 j ~1 ~')7- J (:r SJI;( I}I~un ~ 1.::.IF, 1 JIj~,v!HSJ. JJ1viiJk.~?iJy'~,..:J,v;v!JiiJ~~-~ 7-~J(~ )~ rl,/J,J.--,.;>ji..J)S.::.-lvIA~lJj_v< LJ1~~[p,~~IJ.//_,(;,. J},~~-'f/_,(;"v!(';;-~vi...£J!~~ £jJ.L .::.-IJ(;,. JIjL U,~IJ/ ...fI",;vL'-JI~I~".::.-;d(liJj...fldLJ(;,.v!);~/u"'~ J~jivf jJ.JI~TlI;f/S~Jv!)~£,.f",;vL~J.~,('ji7-t"(:rJ1(J/2...L~ 7-JJ/JL..)lw~SJj~L}JjJI~-'f-f~vi...£J!~~L~-'f v!mJSvl",;vL~'~iJ~?~L..)I~"7-JJ1I~v!i;L'::'-IJ(;,.JIj?' ~J/~~jv!~I~SvL,'~ L(:r~.t~2..vLvl(~ J~~"7-r(:r....u JIj..J::';~~:-7-~ ~J'(;...fI~I~/ prssion~J'lLJj:~ L(:r L:1~(~Jf 2... L J~ L ..J1_.l"I,j,)~ /.I~(.:(' ,J 7-r/£a7~.::.-IJ(;,. ~~Vw~(~t~r~JiJu;!iJ}wl.::.-IJ(;,.JIj~~L~!~_7rJ1tt.tILv!~:~"-7-JJ1I,j~J_,.(,":",~l:;I2...LJ~L~(~L ~b~t"~'I7-~I,,,,;vLvl~~}L~!...fI-7-/v!2Sv!:~"7('[.;)v'_7-UI'JUI,~..J)SLuv!I,j'6i(IJ/,":",~liJ~r_iv!J(li LJ~ L~L(~[.;,~l,jfi:~UKJ/~"'::'-IJ(;,.UJI~I) v.t£,.f -v.t Luv!I,j'6 ;(IJ~!?v.t~I~j

.r

,

".

rt\ --

..

,

*:


d'j ~[;J.I~Jf (Passion)J_,JJ,_(.r_~.IJ? t.l..:.-~ =.1..JJU~

v: ~i( (Giest) V:v!f'f-if. if-jJJ";lf~'f-v:t~~(v!~-'f-t-~~; L~ ~=..{J:iLvL~.I.rzv:1dL~£~d'f-v:1J~).I(J~ .IV<-..fILLL.f,.I?I ....... lP'T-f/~;f,J_,JJv!~fLv!,J-'f-dt-'f-0'.I.1J~t~.I}L ~~;f,J_,JJ_.t~(

b.;t·f 'f-~,_h/_'f-,J-Ji(

~~J:.Ir -'f- JiJ.2:.v :(~~/JJ-..fI~~

J JlIf~V:

b.lt-V:J~,:.-.I.r'v!

LfJL.rz()J.I~~f~J~f~!dfj.lJf(Uii-?J/Ulf.'f-;.~..:.-lI~4-fb.lt-

'JL.rzL.I l.;!f.lJfL.rz'f-.I.1 JJ(Uii-?J/f.?-vJ L~.rz(J~~..:.-~fJ .IJf'f-t-.rztJ; iJ.lJf:( !cu;:LLb.lt-j n~_vJ4:-)'£L.lvi'uf/rUii-?J / tJ;J;._j)JJ~v:b.lt-..:.-t~f,..,-~t-.rzif-PJy..:;JJvlV:U?"~ " ,

L.rz~jJ ~~I'JVl' L.rz~).I(J.r'f.?V:~LJfVl' L.I ~~ ;tJ; iJ-..fIV:.iJ:~J!J;:f=_'f- t-.rz.lVf(((?fL(f/.l~f~~.1

.ld-Vl'

J",~..:.-~;L--

bA'-'f- ~7'(._j)J J~'T-fJ}.? 'f-,.,P (..:;Jf....... v'= -~t-.rz~).I(J.r'f,..,v: ....... lPLd-_Vl',J._j/Jf)fJ.lt, " "

Lv1_'f-~JJ~JJ~.IJf(i.lfr,.Ixvd.?,_hv:~v! vJL.rz,.,p(U_';IPi~y.~Iif'b~lPJfjv~L..:.-~J.lt-(liJ.i!V' ,J=.IJfvJLW;p v: b.lt-Jf)f4-f-vJ L.rzdt-L~Jf.lfL ('" y.lt-.? ~(~ r.£~(~if.Jf)'4-''f-J~~.I.t'L01,..(/..:.-jJd-0 L.rzJ} ~-..fI~ b.lrJ~! ('Jf~_r.rzv:1V:.Irf,.b~fL~I'JvJ L.rz'f-.IiJ ~L~IJ}fLJ!~~~=ji'f-t..ft.rz,.t.l((b.lt-v:~Jd-J!'JJJ d__C;~f'~J-'fJ.t;(liJ~L£ i,.;r..:.-lI~f;'L..:.-/v:11t];v: --

rq--


~ Jljl4-liJ"; J!J;,yLJ;!i,J}JJ:.

J~;JJjI1 ~.Jl!c- (.)?~.JJI /kAowl'f-t'{J/;I~c-LIJ4u.! L{J4-lju.!~h~,=-1 J:.lclt~[.;)JJ.t;Ah.J;';4u.r L~~J/~(t.J.~.c4u.r -u.! L~~J/dJ* i:_fi J~J:. ol.JJJjIu.!LJ1?- J:.Y0.)pIJ~,=-I..J/J/-,:, J J;!i,J}Jttl JJjldl} hYlP....qo;f.(~J:. J~~.J~v!-'f- jJ1~ ~J~(~tf:L(.)J~L(.)~.J~'~~'~-u.!L~.2>{~ .J~(~b"6.Jt'(.)~~-'f-j~J1J~J~ZfiJIJL lJ:.ol.JJJjLu.!L~ (Cunningof J.Jb"h.J c-1 'f- t'~ /(b" l:;1oj~ -'f- l,:;z.J J! ?owl'f- j~/J~I2.. ';-1/J;!i.J}J? J.Jb"h.J-'f-t2J(t b"Reason) [.;)v!-'f- t'l)I0'JJ!Jj~.JJI'f-~0'c-1 J!ly'f- t'J(b"2..L~Jvl ,...vb"~J? J:.~Iu.! L 1J:.~L;?~WIJJ' c-o::-(. 1.J.r / ~l?zljJ.: IJljl_vr LJ1'::"'.J./IJ1.J1J/ l;;1 J:.I)Jj:JJ 6.Jt'.JJI V! LJ1 _u.!~,...vb"J~j.Jb"J?h(~6.Jt'~I.JJLJ1L/ J~.J u.!~/";;Iy':, (' ":,,,1 LJ1 ;:£.J2,.l---/6.Jt'..;JiL iJJj~J:..f:-'LJJ.JJI(Teleological Theories)~hJJ.Jt'J~ j;~~.Jih~}6.Jt'S::~,.J('J:.J2--v!_LIv:iJ:.~L6.Jt'..;JioJ.J ~b"L£t?b"6.Jt'/? JJ(.)lf._u.r~'-J.J'yb"~}6.Jt'(f.'..zc",,)151.::...(/;1 c-l).h..il/~~I~ JA,r.J,::",i;(J!,4I.r]l---.JJI.::...t'!;' .Ju.!z...:/~~:,c-L'YL~L-!J-}6.J"t'(f.'~'-/JJ".JJ' (.)'JJ(.)'J.J..J)J.::.c~v'6.Jt'J.Jl---.JJ'.::...~j.Jb"~b"'~J:.I)J?J6.Jt' , vl()~~OJ~'f-~.J/0J.J'f-()~{.J}';-I~'f-tf~LI.;;?''fv!l;!'oJ~J')LJjL'f-~.J/(.)£OJ'f-~.J/J;?oJh'f-;'.JtfJ:.L/l;!'L l!_'f-0_?';--I.J~.JJI'f-~~~2..LvILI~.J'f-~.J/2..

L~

.r

JJ

~J')LJJ

"t

"t

..,"

..

JJ

/i~

--

r·--


J~ JJ-;ftJ):t.''::''?.IJ'b.;t·,;JiL~;

~':;"~J'J'!

:I-:~~=U!-f-0'-..fI((('~(;)lf(')i~Jf-j~J).:J.:'v.a?L--LJLj.l~

L4:-_fL'JJ):t.'.::..?~U! LYt L~'h'n)f ~ .::;_...J)J'.-!P.lJ' ~t'JJf~L--LJ-;_,:;_(>ft'J.::;_Jt-J'J.!-.IiLflJ-;.::;_L'Y , v 0'.IJi'~,:;"W'JL~)Rf-rf.:;.,~rJ UnfoldingJ~J~_f-v:i .:;.,}=0'~LLi./;f- rf.:;.,~J(Totality)~~.H~'J(.)}l)'~J~-ff- G[)~ ':;".Ir'JJ!"...0 ~ ~ J.::.v"~.1 (;(.7. .::;_! ~J':;" ~J'J'!-f- fj _f-r~L(Jf (EndofHistory)'b.lrLl{,:a_

RLJ-;Vf:~Jf-(;:z.l)RY~~~'L(.)J)~J;!RJ'Y-..fI~

ji-LSt

L;(jJJJ'£(~ v:iL~.:;.,~=~.::;_i./!.IJ'lJ~'~i./;~~J~)£ J J)f);.IJ'.I~'RA.lJ'-j('::;_(Herder)~jfi Li./1)i,J;;J~b.lrJ~f f-

f f-Lt)",:-,'R~J'Yi./!.IJ'f-j ;~L--~.I}L~ J~,~t J.bJ'f-':;"~ 0''(;)}J~R~)Lf!.IJ,,:;_j~L.....;}L..;;~.::;_;J;~)RJL.::.v''~.1 , . . .. = J y ~i./If-':;"~J J):t.'.::..?R =-f- 'Ytj(A;Z.··".::;_e!~Jf- =_f~

--r

b.lr(li.::;_L'YLJ-;-.f)'iLi./l~f-rf.:;.,~JJk/~J-;/f-if.

,r

._-f-J/

1.

Collingwood,

;

:... (

,.)Y.::.v"i)Y()'.-!P

R.G., The Idea of History (Oxford: London:

1978), p.1l. 2.

Griffith, R.T.H., The Hymns of the Rigveda (Delhi: Motilal Banarsi Das, 1988), V.29, p.lO.

3.

Homer, Iliad, 1974, p.216.

r'1--


4.

Burri, J.B., The Ancient Greek Historians (New York: Dover Publication Inc., 1958), p.2.

5.

Hegel, G.W.F., Translated

by Sibree, The Philosophy

of

History (New York: Prometheus, 1991), pA. 6.

Collingwood, op.cit., pp.28-29.

7.

Durant, Will, The Story, Part-II: The Life of Greece (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966), ppA30-433.

8.

Strabo,

Geography

(London:

G. Bell & Sons,

1912),

XVII.1.52. 9.

Mahaffy, J.P., Social Life in Greece (London: 1925), p.208.

10. Bossuet, Translation of Discourse, pA04. 11. Collingwood, op.cit., p.116. 12. Ibid., pA8. 13. Hook, Sidney, From Hegal to Marx (Michigan: Ann Arbor, 1971), p.36.

--

r-r--


..::,., t l?.1

-v.r..::.-tl3路.J~y.'Jv:.U:}D.Jt路J~v (Intemalism)~iJ (Extemalism)"::';;'.J(;

:J,' PJ

c.....::.-tJ(&,0'h--.J,'u:j,J.bd~,JlPLLu/j;S~vv:.if...::.;;..J(;

,~vJLJLi}'..::.-~~J~vv:.d-v1~(;Jj{JfJ,.::...to(&,b(JjJ? .. ... ....,

.

S..::.-Vi~hr/D.Jt-S~vv:.~IJ,.,f?:f;(j,y.iv:.~.J~L~v

flv:. Ui.cY~l)-'f- t-~l.zCJ,.AtJj; U~....(--Vi L (;)(;;f~,.,f?'f- 15'hf j; D.JtoS~ v v:.?/, - e(&, ...LL ,. tJ.iJfc...~);f"jJ?'~ Jlv:. -'f-to~b~Il5~;(~~iJ

u:)

U:}DA路LfJv 15'kvrf\(,JI.J1~~ ,,:",cY...fI~ .D.Jt-SJvv:. (;)(;;fh ..L v:. ~Jv{ J~vv)'(..nv.rLi2:...v..::.-tl3路.Jc....;;..f.v:.(f!.}D.Jt-v),if.,Jfr.,;C" ~vJfD.Jt-J~vv:.Ik.I_.::...lfLl,f..JA~~/UR.rJ{Jfv:.U:}D.JtJ~J,'...fI J JI-I Jr. D.Jt-J uyt.J~L (;)1.J"U}IJJv,..::.-Vi 'D.Jt-J~vJI?,~cY J(William Whewell)JJj'~'''';;",l'"(,5}lh/' ,

--

_

M

r'r'--


,-:",Vvl-0 e~v..flr\r'-Lvl.?f-(History ofInductiveSciences) ~j.?LW~V(~(jJJ.~Lif.lJV0~1)~J'~-..f!(~vv.. Ui.l.~/-UJ1L{.. ~JJ,?'--!)

~~ ..::-~}vJJ10V~~)(_'OJ) f- JJ1v..)I_tlJ5~~ 0...fi ~~IJ? J;0 ~v J.IJyL._;:,u ~1)J 0 d IjL JY..v..P!L ~1)J 0..::"f.7d IjL(Galileo)$ LP ~1)Jlu71)J0~v-v:'J1Jv.?1)J0J(;..Ji(jp!LJy")JIJJ1J

L~IIJ:.I10U}IJ~v[.;)vl-lJVL£JLJI.4f~J~JJk--/J;0 ~)i.) LJJjJui.l.~/-lJV0~Jl)i~)=-'~I.5!),)Jld~,uk--'J.~ 1b;,...v (~v bA·~lflP(,.;JG'vl t.f/~vJIJ L~ J:ff'j.Jv -f-V0~~,.::f (Eurocentric)J.)i.~[.;)vlv..,-:",cY 0JJjJ_L~

. -1W (lnemalist)Jb):i)I_tI=jV'Jy. LJ1L(;;I};'_tI(vl~LJ1.:£)2...vl,-:",v 0JJJJ

ThePositiveScience _. V J.:~lv..fIQIOL(B.N.Seal)J--dIJi)y ... ~rf~I)JJL"'£' J~J.;v..)J)vl~I-0 e~of AncientHindus bA'( -..f!_;u.;.l.L,-:",v 0JJjJLJ)v[:.,)~~IJbA·LJ1~v..,.(/' L~;f\~p!LfIQr.)JIv..J:,Y..i.;)J)~~J)V-Vt,.,J;((,,~vJ~ j~(V"v bA·V-,.(/I~I_~h_!C_'~bA'~L JJ.. ~uf)( Jp-..f!/~vv.. if.0;(i~v bA·v..UJ_).~JLvl_f-t'~lP( J)V_V~J,~I(JvJJ1SJ.1V:U;~YLJjI'/LJ1~)Jjl)1 ,;vL4fi-f-bf"U}vv~4fi-Vr?':tUJ4.._i!/~vb)t'L f-)J)( (Plato)~}u.;1t[jr-o._o··[.;)vl_f-t'.f?£b.fuJ/-..f!,J L (Archimedes )v~)I)JI (Euclid)v~1,(Aristotle),iz--)Ip! L if. '~h>d-.l.~~"j~,.;U (6)IP!IIIO.~'-O·-0 Li~~p! ?-)IJJI vILJvyJLJv-f-bf")IJJIL(h>/)JljJ},I'UJr'U)I),,,J))I? _-

r'1" _-


-d0,~,t,;)I)I)I,t,;)I)k66""~,JJIt,;)WI,J;'",:-,/L(WI(~t.../..Lj

_L LJ1 LLi'~ ./.... t:J~J J(...-t,;)I)..::.-l.ili,JJIt,;)iJ..::.-W,t,;)I) d"L),t,;)I) ...... (~J'J(...-YJ(p, jif:A~vt ZLr~("'-(tJ7~~Jr!uvv.C.f')~ vt ?-);(;.'.a?(...-L (lP Lfl';-1~d-I)JI(.)}~..J~'';;)d-I? L(wl

ifvt?/v~~~J(...-(~t,;)I)J(...-L",:-,7P!LJvv.C.f')~~ t.../.. U}iJJ(...-LIJL~>'t.../.. Ui.CJ~l)J()o~(...-t.../.. U). (Jf-I ",:-,I,J

~jiJ/JvIJ(...-bJt·JJ;(...--'f-",:-,~t)j(u}I)J(...-L..ivJ7)' (",:-,CJJJ)(...-~~~jJd~,Jlr,(.)~(..::.-lP!'~(...-0''';)JIJ/viJ;

-'f-l:'hh)}Lb)I:'J..::.-~JlP7~(...-lb)I:'JJ(...-J;(...--vt(.;~y _..l;J(...- -fi )JI' I SIS' ~~7." -fi (J(...- bJi:' L J;(...~)(:>

-vt LJ1~~~J~G'~J'0-'I..{I7.U}J)-:,t-U)~~(tL'OSIRIS' t.../.. t,;).,.;J-JJIJ/..JA~::'q.&....(it.../.. ~}b)I:'JJ(...-t.../..rlqrl J;t.../..J)(VI-JJ1~~/(Jljvl~J/J)JbJt·JJ.,J(;.f:)JIJ(...JLt,;))~JlJfi(...-u-}LJdJ(.;1JJif.Jd)L)J(.)J)~y.-fi)~

~I t,;)1)d"~) ,(Vavilou)JIJ JJIJ(Geneticist)fi~ J f.;.JJ?':" t.../..if. )JI Lt,;))~_LJ~0-' (Boris Hazen)t,;)):JV)i.t,;)I)"::'-~)JI(Coleman) :J.UvLvS'LVJ;}",;(~~(u:.}b)I:'JJ(...)JI(.)k-'J.~L J;:; J;lr)(~) (;IJ(~ J J;:;J)~

-.:::.... , 1:'/(Condition)~.ekJuJ

tt(UY.:'J/J)I:'J Uj)..::.-~}"J:.IJ)L~}b) I:'J.UvLt,;))~ s,h-tVIS..::.-(/t,;)I~J~~Sif.v.r2()0't.../....::.-(/JjLt,;)I~~~J J~-.fiuJU)I}IJu}I)I~~jiJ..::.-~IJJ)I:'Cf--Lh/vi..::.->~ -f-I:'(:>J1(J.APt,;)(.I(0';:~Jdl;Jj/"L(~t.../..b)I:'~)vl_f-J(:> 1:'J1~~"::'-(/)JI"::;j(,.::-}.G'J)I}IJlt.(b)I:'-0 L/-.:/.f",!2)Jh>' --

1""'0--


b)rJ.UvLif.'f-r)JL('0'Jh>vf=Ji~~ ~y"l)~;fvf_1.).7JJ1':-~0'

~'f-J1~0'b)rJ.:r-

(Genius)0'}!,j v:1v(;Jf(f/[t_";y'(

J#-

J .:-JJh>L 01/ ~'f- jl( 0'tJfy~ b;t·' J.UvL if.'f-

JJf(lil.:-f)~

';-f».01/-1.).7 'f-).:-f)~";~

JV)(

J..)JJ j:)tjr .:-f)~

)Jf)f»f';-f_'f-r)J;{)}LtJif0'~fu!t?-LL/;I;/~.:-f)~ ;f~UlP(0Ar._'f-r.£{)hv"fJ;fJ0'~fL.:-f)~';-f~J(fJJ(~(., .:-~I5J),.JlP;Y)JfJf'i'JV~~J..J)(~~J~~J{....fI0'Ji (The\..[7. JIr)Jf

J.~0"~~'0'JJ2'~0fY(if.V J;L0

;:rv)i.0fJ

V)i._Social and EconomicRoots of Newton's 'Principia') t.f. JJ1Crf'1qr_rf'1'1· ) JiIf0fmL if.'mL JJ2J..,.JlP~f L ....t. ,J;~ef)j ~i'.:-~fy"":,,,7.:- JJi,C{0( v,j~)J.}l;.f:,~ Ll::J (J~fL tJ{iJfJ Lh~)JJ)Jf)(?JfJ L~ 0')~f 0 mL

0;:r

J:,.;~

f

VfJ~~f0'JL..--LfJL~LJJ_,JUv!;J...:-~0'JJ2_(V~f4~LJ1 0';fJj)i.JiIfJJ1J/.f?-L~Ld-)Jf'f-J..JL..--~JIrLLU

)J~/_V;(;-..:,..r'f)~L~/tJ}fJL;\"~.::.f.LLlPL0;:rV)i.-1rJ/ 0'~L.--{)}Jv.f}~~Vv.1J}.;f..:,..r'f)'f./'(~ ..nL~fi~Lb)r0'~v ''';~)Jf d~'J.bJIrLmL0f/ tJ}fJ~V)Jf~L.--J.. t}..) b)r 7

H

-1f~)J}. ;f~(;f)JfJY~ (J.D.

Jc./, 0'j _;-

0fJ .:-~ 0'}lb./,LfJ Ll:;f /jJ;;f ~~

-0'!i J.. rlqOI'"Science in ~.l?)Jf~vJ.. ~'~f)nf;fj""~f

._j;.?

r1qO"-P'J:;'0'if.0'

History ";U)? ~f

L

Bernal)

L(Joseph Needham)(~~

[tJ;Ji' (Science and Civilization in China)

Ll:)f_I.).7~J1e~J..tJ~~J~l.{.Jr':-V0'~v'...k":,,,'-JJ1e~J.. '(J.G. Crowther)}~'/..J.-;--

~v

b)r~Y0'}lb'/'

r''1--

t:_/JJ 'J~


_~JL--6)lji('IJ!L(Hymen

u:;

LaVY)lf,d~~

/. V~J(t ( (Extemalism)q.)(;/q. J'I J 6JtoJJL-(;t)(;V~~ILq.J'IL ~ ~~/-L~C?-I~~jil.-C;IJq.)(; .;::;_ ~v.. if.-7- JtY/ J L/J..~v.. 0\Jo)uj(~...fi J!.;::;_IL/ .;::;_ (.;)...fi/ if. 7-(Robert K. Merton)J/ L "':"'/.,) ~I JJ J (; L(j~LJ/_7-r~L(J~( (Sociologyof Science)'_::"8~JJL-.;::;_ ~ ~~)V/J u';;-IL0 ~ v.. t.:l-vft j._;:t,;JJJJ(;.;::;_~ LL lP . JtY/J~)iJ)/e;?J)UA,J~)JI~iv..,_;:L,.z)~ILJ/-7-VVJ; ._::.,~~IJ/-£..~~U;v..;I~I}Y~)VA';I(._::.,I}IL-C(;{'JL--.;::;_if.

-~)0y'~(.::0IJLlPL0

~J'JI.v..

U:}D)t"JJL--~?/.

L~ 0/"' .... /J))JI~~J~L~/. L ~)JI.7.r~)i .;::;_uyv._~.Y .;::;_ (t L(Jesuits)Ur.t.,.;; d ~J./-fiL ~-Vt"J}t~tr v..-O'V ,if~),~j ,,;)j-Vt,,J}t/ 6/Llj~)?yv.. -0' V J/'7-r~t~ -VVe~v..JI)V?~";"')iv~LIVV6/._;:t,;J{'~)JI(i(._::.,~ t"J}t/6/(~aIJ)L~'/'LU~~))Jlu;u,'/'~J~Lur.t.,.;;

Lq.)(; L(P.c. Ray)",-)_If-~ 01)k-f JVJPi} 1;(;L 01-~~)/ 6)rJ:;{'t,,~YLb)rJ.~JJh;~'/'v..;~rLuyv._~.;::;__f,:;( )JI_(AHistoryof HinduChemistry/6)rJk-6Pi'~(t (if.~ UA,~;Jjv..~'/' ~U=-v:y. ffq·t\_ffq·r 0".i.-C; v._.#.J) Jif. J.bJI dr;'lfl:;-.r. U~/~A';I (J")J' 1~;f 7.jzl}JU)I)L~( /6)rJJL--v..j-.'/'v)J6)IjiJ/t~v..)J)J'I-~~)Y.v..U~)/ Ll;;I{,fo':;(LJ.tJm~LJL--6)rJ",-)-~~)~(.JI.;::;_LIY~J!

»,»

-_

r'~-_


J::'_dL J.LJ1 " d~?-Li,)LJ'v(./..?/.Ll)j}('14,,-).),'J::'-J e~(./..ylqIO . J~)~ILV~).I'J~L.lt,';~u:!.I;JJ'v(./..l)~.I.r.:i-JA0~ J~)J~JJYv..Y;:;_LJ1((;"-.II)IL~u:!.I;~'v)u'~.::/f Y'v..JI ~J.. ~ v!.$I'~)I)1 ~.(..J..:---? (./..)J'~ L~~ t.].~ (./.. The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus L

tY

_V((; (Indian Institute of Sciences) ?/.(Discipline)~)~bJ!:·JJ'v(./..~~LJYv..y;:;

(./..?/. L l:-)_~)".!-v!'_"-'(./..L/ jh-"))Ly Iql"·_ylqr",_ VJ1((;(./..

~L(.YL(Internalism)~I)(~~(;)I~V(~~--?))J'I{b)rJd"~) -l¢,.;JjJ/~"::)./IO:j.l"01-,d~,JI,r-l¢ (;)t;)L),'(;)l;/,y' -JJ1~)"::'- ~JL)LILIJ1)UI?/.(./.. ylql"", ... .. . JJ1(./..Jyv..y;:;,;;,)J;?(./.. ~ L b)rJ~'v_,,-/.I.1(.;f.~_.(CUi,) .:;..f....{IIt}..} b) e J J 'v(./..(;)t;)~~ t(/''l. L I),I i(./.. (;)l;/,y' ~,1 _tJ1,.;J;J/Jt}..}b)rJ~ht(;)t;)LL~j....(i)~.I"b')~)I'l. .... .. ~ J~'v_(p,'l. Li.:;..f.(~{ b)rJ~'v..J!p/. Lt,./I(./..(;)l;/,y' ..Ji~J.. ~ ~~J!rz.rl)h-!-¥I~'v')?L '=-) J~(;~/b.lr ~'v..Ji~£,'JJ1~J?u!J-¥I~'vJf~.$Iu!~?~.$I..JI?'v ~~ (;),~LP-i _JJ1 ((;(./.. ylqOI/.) (CSIR)OI~)~/.$I ~I ._fiJ?'vu!PIu!if.0~1~~)<._fiL~.$I..Ji?v..Ji~?1 JI,r)"J~y~,t.].~JL~/b)rJ~'v(./..if.VV~~2!!bJ!:·e~

-VL£)/0?~b)r ._fi L

L(INSA)J-¥I J'v ~·v!.$I(./.. ylq'1'1 LV.lt,./LV!.7.lnndian Journal of the History of Scienceszc.j z ('I.I",)u!b)rt.].~JJ'v-0 L~>'Ji;:(tJ'l)},)~I).I"":':::.Ii,;u! J'v

b)r

--

r'A--


?~J~jJI(.)k--'iJ!)"d~LI.,n/bA·J~(..-V:?/.LU~v.r(t ~I L(Debi PrasadChattopadhyaya) ~)~Y?)(;{' l5.'~)-'f-IJ.:')v..

Jfl L

.::.cAL,;.li

v..?/. L

~)4f 'f-

V~~ o: ~L,..j'

/~)v..?/.--4JjiiL~jJI(LokyataW0J4(Materialist

.

School)

v..?/.0)J':(ji~-v.r L/('I)"';;J~)15j~L£~~;f~(..L ~'J!-J It) JA)~(..-L~;riJ!),v.. (){'/JU}I/t.f ~J.h(.)k--L~4{'~(..-jJI~i~/JL~(..-v..?/.L~4 -0b?i/jIL..:.-~.£J~ L(lCSIR)~fijJ)'~I~I.....apv..JiJ-"'/~~IL d'}1J! ~»--I~JJ ~I J.}l:-9,~(..- j~ ~?I Jf ,jl)1Jj ...fI d •

I

~J~jJld~'(.)k--/6jt'JJ.}l:-9jJI~vLif.V((;(NISTADS)

_~IJ.:')L/..iC-Zd(..-LJLJ;v..? , t)~/..-!:jJI(Dhruv Raina)~ljJJI')L~jl)IVI'J~LJ)IJ!

-'f-W~(I.:-j.{'bjt'J~(..-t.fL~ ..JA;~~ J ~(..- JL)Li}v.. .. . u:,) bjt'J ~vv.. JL) , 10-.')(....

:J.Uv-L(DeepakKumar)j({._f-)fiL...fILt)'_~·~vl_V~IJ v..if.'f-~v(Dependent)dL--f'VvJ~)~i}'

(5)(;,JIJL(.,J/(;;J~t/,cj!"i-i·v..J(..-JLlbI ~

.

~

-'f-~~j{'cj!"JJ(..-

~ ~;f(.)I..J//J(..-v..mJ~)~i}V:?/'jJIV:_UV J~)~i} J:; (Science and the Raj)'i;,I../..lJ1Jv',":""CJ ~lf._f-)_7-c:C~l.(';f. The ,":""CJ~I L/.~~LJ1 LJ>;';I/j;)vlJJ1 e(;v.. ylqqO,.J)

-Je(;Science .::.c~_.4f~ ~ --f'v..

u:,} 6jt'J ~v~J~L --

r-q--

Jv

of Empire

J~)~i}


(AshishJ;:;J!',

tv: j-'/. L if.~, S Jv

[')t-(Postmodemism)

S~~f~..If'",:",crltfL(GyanPrakash)J~.{!.:)iflj;)V'f_v.!Nandy) . _7-~J~f~J)r.';JXV:~JfJv .{)}i./";~}

[')t-S JL.--.{)}J/)Jf~}

~)~ Jx -7- ~)~

[')t-V: !.:)VJy'~

t/~un JI[')t- SJv-v.! v:..::)~ ~f

Jv..iv ..ivL~} [,)t-V:!.:) c:.r~..J~ /. L V'f-vr JYi~ ~ J~(;~ ~7-/.f/.LLYi,.;~I(~~[,)t-j J,t~[,A·SJvV:j-'/.~LYi?! [')t-SJvV: !.:)c:.r~ )Jfi.J!J.,Jlr,d~L!.:)c:.r~/u~~S!.:)f)Jf/u}f)JvIJ~_(Yitj? Ic?JfJLYiV: ..(;)J ~)Jfj-'/. (Yit[)/JJ,~JV-JJL..-UL..... v: !.:)f..vV'f_ . .. .. !.:)c:.r~V:V'f,....t.J/J~/iJj(~/iJjLJL.--v:~c:.r~_(Yit(;;f//. (~i.J!J.JfJL~iJjv:;;'LV'f)Jf)f)/L!.:)c:.r~v:J:,.;";!.:)Wf')f)/L

-(Yit[)V:?--~LJ)fJfJ)

Babur, Zaheer, The Science of Empire, SUNY Press, 1996. Bernal, J.D., Science in History, London: 1954. Bose, D.M., (ed.), A Concise History of Science in India.

Bukharain, N.L, Science at the Crossroads (1931), London: 1971.

2nd Edition,

Chattopadhyaya, Debi Prasad, Lokyata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism, 1959. _,

(ed), History of Science and Technology in Ancient India,

--

("._-


1991. _,

Science and Society in Ancient India, 1977.

Habib, S. Irfan and Raina, Dhruv (eds.), Situating the History of Science: Dialogues with Joseph Needham, India: OUP, 1999. _,

Domesticating Modern Science, Delhi: Tulika, 2004.

Jain, Ashok (ed.), Fifty Years of Science and Technology in India. Kumar, Deepak, Science and the Raj, India: OUP, 1995. Merton, Robert K., Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth Century England, New York: 1970. Needham, Joseph, Science and Civilization in China, 7 Vols., 14 parts, Cambridge University Press, 1954. Prakash, Gayan, Another Reason: Science and The Imagination of Modern India, Princeton University Press, 1999. Ray, P.C., A History of Hindu Chemistry, Calcutta: 2 Vols., 1902 & 1908. Rehman, Abdur, (ed.), History of Indian Sciences, Technology and Culture AD 1000-1800, India: OUP, VOl-III, Part I of the multivolume Project of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture Series. Sarton; George, Introduction to History of Sciences, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore: 1927-47.

3 Vols.,

Seal, B.N., The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus, London: 1915. Whewell, William, History of Inductive Science: From the Earliest

--

1"1 --


to the Present Times, 3 Vols., London: 1837.

Indian Journal of History of Science, Indian National Science Academy. Science, Technology and Society, Sage Publications, Delhi.

--

I"'r--


~-=-U;}l.~J'-=-~~.f:;(fuiv.:'.:;.;:.lJ~J/J(J!.}b~r~~(;~l)~LY ~JI'f-rJ1~;I.tI£ ~b~rJ4v'~"l)y ..u~...fI~;f v.:' j~~-?, J}--'-!~....fIj,Y~Y"'LIJL.ft/l)}J_d!LJf?f'f-c:ULI~v.:' =i:.LJ1:£/t.fV:l)}JLUH(~,-!~J/JJji:.'f-~.fLJ;~J ~ ~ (.;)1 (j";~JI £..£ui.f£ 1 .... /~L (J!.)b~r-=-U;}l.~JI-=-~ ~.f:; ~JIJ ~JIJL~w~..:::....LI.YLf~Y"'(.;)lj=,j ~(J!.}~IJhJIJ.Jf~Y"'

I;;J~/-=-~~.f:;~J,-=-U;}l.(.;)'Ll)~'\(Vk.({J~J-=-.J:?/d-v!tJ J.t;J}~JI-=-~,J.J(cj;~JIL ~..f~J"~J'0Uii..i',J;?j,.f ::r-~if;if'~"::';;~~J'J:c~J/?J(.;)'..:::....'i0JR0i/'-t. (.J/'f-r~Hn~~J'(lf.',(.;)j/.-=-IJ~V:-=-U;}l.~J'-=-~~.f:;(.;)·' [;}ifAi_'f-c:d£ ~~l;;'~(,.-L(.;)~J'(lf.'v'i/iJ'J£~,,:..-',jJ -L~Jk.(b~rJ4Lf~Y"''':::''''J....J-=-~~.f:;~JI-=-U;}l.(.;)lf'f d~..:::....A;vl ~-=-U;}l.~JI-=-~~.f:;~.{~v:e~ L(.;)yVVi ;(i/(.;)'~J'\(0q;'~~~}Vz...LL.fk.(J-=-U;}l.Lf~Y"'f L'f-\(~ L(.;)yV-0LA)A~'J(;....f-?~)ifu}JJ'f-VV;(f?~J'L'JL.f

~J'-=-'J~L'JLJ1I~v:-=-~~.f:;L'JL~:£;(iul),p.v:e':_/JJ JjIL(.;)~JI~tJ-=-~/ ~~IJ~LvL.::JIYJ(.;);..:::....,:_:/~J~if , .~. .. .. --

I"r'--


LLL/J;/b.)rJ4L~'')J'f~yP1';tJtfj,f'f-!J~/J..~ L L4 .)JI~~ J"::;IyJ -::"Ll=,,~j~JJIUY'\?,,;-,?cz: ~ 'A

iu.r vi'(j'(

J?YJ.'u~;'(~;V,;-I(_'f- r~plJ (;?'f- cC ~ 0~I-1/) l.:!' L.-J/ .)'(-1/)L.-J/L.tt L/k.('j'~IL~Y f u.r L/.:::--::"U;;J.')JI-::"~~/~

.)plJ(;

L~.)1n "::;IYJ~I-f.;gJ:JI ~('(.:::-.b?'I~J:J' 0~I

-~J/ , LtJ}tJ~~}...JJ/ltJ;f.f~~fo'I~4h';';:';'~.:::-"':""" E'-::"_??tJ ;f.f~~ fo"-'f- J4{ -::"U;;J.L f~J'~.,J'(uzj~}=-V'~/ ? LL~;J~J'[,,j,~'JUJ~/ ,;-'E'?-.)?~J..~ J:~J'~ .,J'(uzj Lf~J'~.,JI(uzj~}J.. U#~'_L~L/k.("~fo"'L~jJ~')'£ f~~fo',~~j£?J..~.)~L~J'-::,,~J(I_,;;~J'')J'~i:i'...J~ -::" /,.::.d;--?/....fIJ..~.)~L (jiJ,;,;:,;'LJ/ fo"-V'k.(".:::-,LtJ;f.

~~~j.:::(J';';:';'),,;-,v= vR~L

JP.(~ Jlr/lr\r\ . J....f.27~rr~~.

c":v.=V tJA,--tJfo'J'(

- J.tt.:::- ("~ fo' r·.:::-.27~·~~~. r'J';';:';'

~Jk,J'{v-f~ JJ'k-'f-.bf{ uJP'~~,,;-,v u:.~k_f?'f-.bf{~/LJv~')~=')J''f-J4{J'{'}-/(.)~k,J'{ I.lk ~~=J..U}vv--':;~Ui''f-.bf{~/LJvJ')J''f-J4{ J'{ ~.,J'-d E'{ .)}LL'FJ.. ..::.c(>J'JL~J~~ J..J';';:';'-v.:.tt.)!? E'(1))~.,JI·flf. E',JyP,~.,J'f~tVY'}Ii.'~i.' E',~.,J,~jE',J'? 4 tJJ')J/~.,J',,;-,L1'')J' (f;~.,J'd!'"~},tJtYJJE"J '(.)q.r.~.,J'~ -'f-(ji'/J ~}....fILL"::;,y~~'Lu,J(~'?'f-)j'(f~yP ~.,J,(uzj~}J..J.1.lY[ l),J..~.)~ LL~Lk.('j;,;,;:,;'

~/(yk,J'{u)'

--

(Y("--


-~ L~)J;f.Y~~folLy.LVt,./.(Lyj(JI .J~fiUy.,:..J.lJ~J

~0..:;.,7t,./. Iy.,....., .I~)h)~Jv...fl

S":;,,i{eJ'\/Ii'f- Jy.~~..:;.,)LvS1f.r.(.JS":;,, i~ J..:.J'lbl ~HI}Uy.~..:;.,I)~IJ ..:;., ')(;A? ~ U~fil\.:)~)

L..:;.,)V

[;J.J?,t,./."'="~L~;JdJ);yJ't,./.~.J~

*

~Jf~~L t,./. ._fU} (L ..JJ)I~ (vI ..:;.,~,),

LJ~LvUr'v:: ifLr)LL~.J~vl..:;.,LI ":

[-'f-j(/k.(vilJ.IivL/.~ILt,./.'UY.~I.J~)L J;f.Y~~ fo'~ J''f- VV{JI,,(~~(..:;.,~_";""'L..:;.,I)(;.JI\.:)I

1Y.)(;.JI~.J~~...tI(\,:)~)0":;,,if'f-0\.:)\(oif~0L/k.(J..:;.,I)(;.JI\.:)I L~)t,./.~.J~L..Jyi;JJ-- Luxll? ..:;., I)(;.JIL\.:)I.JJlu.:CJ 0~(;.f 'f? Lvl'f-~?.,.,.(..:;.,I)(;.JIL":;,,

i~./..JJIJ/_f~.JJI~~?--.Jt,./.~~

",="I'~Vvilll(vlLt,./.._f",="I,.( ~?!~7''f-j(/k.(::_'l;..Jf£ -~~":;" i4,uy.r((L":;,, LlizG'..:;.,I~(~JLyj(JII:[..JI(~--?,} fdJ~=JJ;f.y~~ fol

J)...fIf-. ~"'="} L(\:0(;.JI.JJIh~)~P1LL/~IivL,::"

i

LL(LL

~;:~J~L.!:::~'-Vlh~LJ;f.y~~foli0W;-ILC/[)j(;{~(# ~;:~J~Lyj(JII:[..JI(~--?'}~J)j~J(;>'Lvli:..,;,()P[;)~I..:;.,LI -£.Y.~Ui.JJI£\.:)k..:;.,LI "" " \.:)I,'f-)?""'~ ~:: ..d?t,./.)I;JIj'lj?,.(P1L.,:..;>(.;.JJ.Jvv, ~~.J~Lif..JJIVIJi!!t.f~J-'7-~(;z.Jvi~(;((~":;;;I..vS..:;.,u;;J. LJ;f.y~~folLy.?!,.('f-cCy.=u~,~ )?.,.,. _;L=l~u}J)''f-~.J~~ uY.~)/JPlj;~IJ{.~.J;Ly.LVt,./.!il\.:)~)S~JIY.~Ji.Q),,:,Ji.Q) ~jG))~)I;:I(":;;;I..vJ!iS..:;.,LI\.:)I_'f-t7Jf~vPIV~w~,.(~ --

(Yo--


_~ L~j15.f.r~~fof~f7-t-~y.~}:Jfc-VPf ~(;)fji*~(lPVfLY.LJ(;)\(-..:%~~~?-=-;V~ £J}:'L~jLtJ¥.f£?fl)I...)~[;}vf£,,",h'~.1 . .. ... .. ....c~(;)~; 0 (;)t/JJ~r..t(;)fmL~h~.IVf' 11,,;r..t

J?1e: ..:%fJ.lc-..i'f L tJ¥.f~v:1(}Y'LY.J~.Ifc-

:!_L ,

r~JfcC..Jf(uzj~? ji~-.?/):>~~~f;Jf_tfj/15fi~fr'(Jrf"

L":(L~J;r..t..::/",,;0":(1/):>~VfL15.f.r~~fofJ.UYL(;)~jL 7-lPf,-:,,? L (,l/r..t4- XI ~ Ly. LJ k!: c-f.lJf1~j,.J.UY (vf ~~7-0~'wJfJt...f.lJf7-lPfr..t;f;:f";l:2w

f~~?'.I~JJc-15.f.r~~fofr~JfcC..Jf(uzj~?r..t~Jf._fl (~~/'tJy.c:d.itJ~J.~J/ L":( I,y.~.i(~ v:r1jiy.?;_t,]~?15fo t/'L(L15.f.~fof~vf-~J~w1t,]~~~0lP!?Ly.LhLlf

~ ;(r..t LL(;)ft,]Y.v:1k.( ~~Jf~~~V~.IJf~ J~w1~ ~~tJ}.iLt.:f.l~15/JJI'c-":(r..rt-tJy.~Jj~ .IJf7-1~PfJIrL5';;f;Jf_tfj..J/L~.l~J~f7-~tJf.

J.lt-Jf;f_tfjLLtJ}fJLJ((?r..t4L(:;I~lPfr..t'-ALvf ~ ~ (-=-~.IJf J;:;0r~yP(f?:c-J.7-((15.1kv._fl~7-J'w0.::.0f ~_:rc:C~~/~I.lJI~J00Y((LiLc-~J'vf.lJffcC..Jf~~?/'J.I(,JfJ/~~-=-U;;J.L(f'::cC..Jf~~?

(JqJ:

~ipJ_LJf;Jf_tfj~7-~D.v:1~v.{(vfr..tJf;Jf_tfj~-.?/L0

J'

Jj-=-~rPYr"f.llf~ .I}~.l.r..t d-~ J~,.I~ J'r..t'J.I(,JfJ2/Y.!

. .

l1..Jf~,,:;j?c-LfYL_tfjLvf.lJfJ}--'Jf.lJfJ._;fU;"~-=-L;(-...-fi .. . ({f::f:

_t::.....()rL~ , --

("'1--

:.


-

LLf;d.;)f~_,j}v..if.JJ1v..Jf~J.JJf0())~fJ.!/ ..

~}L0(;qJ:v.C.;)f~~})J)0'f-0Pv..,-)~L~/,,;:/';p)Jf)() Jt,;J)bfv.. J.~J1)V 0J)~fJ.!)_VJ"'~~..J;~ .a?~LLf;v.C.;)f )Jf~J1AUi)Jf0 LfJLJ1';fJ)~; _d-f,,:,",fLf;v.C.;)f~~} f'f-J~ ,-)~L'.::.,)fJ'Pt,;~Y(J.Vf)Jf'f-JJ1~v..~;_d-fJ.tJjr

Lr~YJ;:Yv..J.v..)~rL~v..J~0)~l:)f0())~fJ.!/_'f-v.. v.C.;)f":'"'Lft' V j~v..r~Y(;)f)JfLJ;:y.ijJVfU~J;:0 L ~J0-'(t ~t-e,Lf;v.C.;)f(;)~/. e,j~hJf) e'v.C.;)f~ e'U)~\y.f~},tJJ)J/ -0 'f-)J~....t/.~S;J~LLf;.i'f..le'v.C.;)fJLlfe,j~~..Iv.C.;)f t-~J1o)f.tf~}:~f/)f.tf)Jf.=. )~~YL£.(;)k-v..())~fJ.!/ ()qJ:v.C.;)f~~}Jk'f-vi,,:,",crJfJL~0f/'6)~f;Jf;:fj:f 'f...fIv..,,::,-"~YLJ~v~)Jf Vf/~f'-.JLrL ..::.}f)J~~fUf)fp.! L PJJ(tJ.Jr...flv..~;0(;)f)Jf"::'-"~YUi)JfuJ./f..t;0-'~;)Jf~ ~p.!LvV~"())~fJ.!/''f-~.J}lfLtJ.JJ[ ~f~jlL'f- Jr

o

~~v..~/jl:')JL/fr'AO_fr'OOif!.,f0ff:;:Luvf'¥-~~~JjJy-' ,-?/0))} fif 4L ~~ )J/-;: 'f- 0./:; JJf ~J~~JjJy-'~)./

t~f(;)uJ.-..::.-7))} fif-VlJ'.ijJ~v.. (;)fmLCrfr'AA_rfr'Of)..;:/f CC)Jff)f)Lvf~{~J!(..::.-jJ~Lr~)..J)f~L(;)f)Jfr~Jfv.C.;)f(IJij~ f~L,,:,",~J:1Lu~00 (;qJ:v.C.;)f~~})J(~/LP{v.C.;)'_~)~} r~yLf;(;)f~.iv- iLcc)Jff)fJLvf~JVk.~:t~~JjJy-d(;: LJ)} fif :'(fJ;dU'!fJP.)JfV'k.( ~/..::.-~fJ)(;)fLvf)Jf~...fvfv..,-)~L !!.:''f-r£..::.0ftJy...v~LJ!''::'-JLf.JJf)l;Z-'f,JiJ~f~./ ~JJ,- _;:Jv('Lj/.v.C.;)fr~...;JPL 'LS'~ )J/-D)t-J)}fif uJ1~J~L4vfLj/.v.C.;)fr~_L.f;/Lr~Jfv.C.;)f(IJij~}LS'U)JJL --

1"",--


bA·_7-0~~b-,rJ'~-'-'Jllfk--0~JVIL)0~fJIj'IL~lY-'JI

t.f 2._vl..::-~~ ,j0!!~ L vl"~J1J,£fi Jy.

J""~ ,,1r'Oo::. 0'~ ;J)

((.)}JJ'0'~;J)b-,r~JI~L:Ii..JI"~~"~J1J'£f7-t(:>tj(~JiJ'--'{ _.:::...C1;; ,

v/.v~/001~f

i..1;I)~J-'}/-1-f"}~'-AL~~JtJ'£'

(~~JJL0Iiry.0~0~~L;~~,(;~?kG((L.:!IJfL(.)J(I-'JIjy. vl-,plfLtJ~!iJ,I.rI..::-1JI.rLjl"h-'JIu:1ijlY.I~Jk>0J--fi~-:d 0U!f.'jC-'JI~ /?tJL..--,LU?(LPJIi.ICL(.)J(I2._L~v.-,~~ ~JJ~

(vl~~~JtJ,£'L(.)J(I-'JI~'J~I~

~fl...;.::J'~ _.:::...(,.r.,J I -:.fl

'"

'" fi7-V~;;(..::-~001-'JI,,~yP~,-:",Ii.I~~~L~~JtJ'£' ,-"crvI0..::-~"(Y.-.:::...j0~/..::-LJ,lr? ~..J~~,_,.,Ii.I~Lujl . ,~ . ~

..::-~r'r'(Yfi7-J?'Y;;("~JIIi..JI(uzj-f"}~LIj'~~,,::-~o::.(Y.~ _.:::...lflh)~(d..Jl.. j,..;,I}/ , .. .. . ~ :7-~7~..J-,~L~~JtJ'£:LlfJ;cll)lfl ,-)~LJl7.jl~(.:/..,4,I.rC-,~,)~-,?L(')ilr.A/ -,~,)~Lu~l-r.A/)L~(lor'or,,'or'I)~-'~,£' -'J/(~~

f...f(.)~~k>tJq;I'~~-'JI~.,4,-"f'~(...,

Jii..P,.;-;Lvl~....f~~1JI:;:...:J"-.I:;(Lt..5-,y.1J .!!-i..1 L 1 JJ'(;fi~(tL~tr(j!f.'J..::-r-'JI?t;;rli..JI,~)-f"} JI~..::-U;;1-'JI..::-(:>,)~LIJL(:>r£.!!::_LIj'L,,~yP~'7-v(:>(~ JtJlt.f-'Jli~)t.d;cd,j(:>(..::-4t3i0L(:>??thrli..JI..~)-f"}

--

(yA--


'i-t:A_)}~It...f.~j(JiJ~'JIJL~t.f/it...f.0ImLflr'AA_flr'OI

d...-JI~j~}Y;;t...f.(~LJ/.~~~L:::;..._)t...f...:J~t.f~;J_)rf _'i-t'~I_)~?{/~,2_vlJ!'_i:..Ld-?/~t...f.pL)~ f'i-~Jl;: t iJY\_,i~.v(~_)~~'JIJL~ t.f!f7.tu.,vPJ..~Y ~;{t...f.2...I_)_)JIu!'Jy.~UJt;fLU~IL;!_/~/';-I~j~}0)..fI

J!,.;;~.Ir,£;/..; / J-'(~Ji:.._)J/

.:;,f._)JIi:.. t...f. ..:J~

t.f~;J_)C- 0) ..::-Ir- ~J

t...f.2...I_)jiL'~IJc-JL~/-Lt:f.?~J'}L?t...f.pL01~:::_)

Lr":''i-~_),?{_--~jtJyf>(;'L~z/z/U/}L~' ~)/ ...Jd e t...f.u.,vP J..y.?L u)t) .!.-_Af cllJ.! tJ j Iy C-)~ d.-JI--" .. ...j,.;>l}.7.t'....(I0)....(IJ~L01-~Clt...f.~L>iJIA..>I~/r .... ,... vlf~I:{,J.lZ~?L--"jtJ-Jr?t,f.:;,f.vLLif.~t',t...f.~?I;!_ ,~.. ~, D/UL_)f..7.t'~ .. .. t...f.P!'(y.l5'.....o'ur::£--" ..,.. jtJ.lvl'~ .....ov:1?vL ., L jiv! L/~)~jt '}'i-t'y._)(~( j(p~Jv!Jy.~y.~~t...f......o~Jji7~ _~L~L(?{/~ 'C--?''i-t'~y.~~t...f.?~_)~J).... .' 1'1 ' • ';'-' J L L $)._-~, [;U)t...f. $) ~ .. ut'..::-L .........:;)C............ .... . C- IYvl

v::: v.: .

."

/.

L;L)L~~.-JIJt.f~''}2:.~;L)~'~-Jr~?l5'c-t;J)4.j~}J~

L;L)L~L~ ,L~.-JIJj~, t.JIr-~_)~/t.f~ '~J>£~~t.f?t:t.f?4.jtJfJ~"::-~.:;,f.j0~zv.ilp!_../i.fU)/k.~~;t.f?~ _Ly._)??{~'c-~vI_Jrl5':jr~~{ if.7-)I;JI..tlj'",:"CJP_)JId..;(-;c-LIYLf~y"L~J-=; 1~/~JU:t.P~~j((t~/UJfrt...f.PLt,(~j~;Lfj(JId...-JI(lJijt...f. (4.j~;'7-~~kC!j~Jlf~,_)~~/rLp! LV1(t'-z/v:1?{ LJlJij..?l~jj(v?v! L/0~"::-lr:.jit.f(Jt...f.~vl_)JIv!L_)~? -~Lf'c-~U:.._,CJJ:Ic-LIYL--"j,.;>l}t.f , .. . ~ ... --

("q--


t"~~(C ((5!ff.iJ~7v..f~Y"JJILIJL 1v..kiJJ~?./.

~(5!ff.iJ~7 fb1vi0'(}v~ f7-(~~~~+-Sb./t"U./Irz-7J!-UJ L.luL,:I./Ii./lJ~J(J~ ~~JJLuJ/I./JI LJ1)./IJ./J1iJ lfl_7-~~~Jj~~i~~~lr1{'~~Lj~J~lrL£':{.!L~Y ~_j~Jf:_7-~;I_tIE, ~...;dt"zuL~fl_;~\.J,~J(f":(lv)

cS~v..0V~/~}.I...;.;r'L0!ff.iJ~7fr;1)j..kUl(wjiL _10'lf./~0~;~,S~L)flJlLJ1L;;YLi.Jlffi..?I~UI)IP! fUJ2...)tlLlbI...(I.>Iv..(fl'1('\~).v')~l)JiJl ~:'_'L)J.:I~PI./I) i./'~~WL-'f~~J:J1iJ1J'J.I)~ -..fI.;;...·~Jtt~L0!ff.iJ~7 f~(liL":(I;J./-..fI./JIVJI7ILf~f:J.r;~~S,,-:",p.~./;t.,;./J1~

';;"'UJJ\,~~'/"':"""7-I'/~SJ1.:Y./)h,.(l(A./J'J(p,~;Ii./J'1~1 J~7~~JiJ'~:'7- vi;;v!j.;;...i./' ~LIJi./I~I_7-t"~i)iJ1 ~7 ;;'J~LLIY~/-1~P'./I)_7-JJ1...;dt"P!JlrY{ L~~JS0!ff.i J'k.'LuY~J1).f;f?)v..~I;J,j";:.f.7-I:2).l0~.;;...~SU!ff.iJ g-7-VVG./).;;...~S jWlvr~};;IJJ::(JJ1...;dt"v..UJY LUJ./~L./J1iJ./JI./J1iJ v..(JJI#.)J.~r?fS ~1;J1j'lj' LI./J1iJLu!ff.iJtJ(7-VVGI./_tI~PJ:~JI~)I(lffi~}.;;...LIY ":(1J'r;1)(~L~./J1iJv:iiL"';/L01~f~7-VV0~Jfb'JL 1%..J1~~h5'IJf:iJl5'U:'-7-vi;;~~Li./y..:Y./)L~~).l2S ./}/(~ J!J>- &,/~.lJ1~;)~~ S0!ff.iJ~7Lr;; ~~~JI~~iJl~j'v..~./~L~~'v../I./UiJ,~J~bl./U~C----I_"'; ~~}0i./IP!Jlry'}l J.;J(.;;...J~JL":(I?v.ri:.../. ~ L ':f; r~Lr;;~)'~~}f v.r Lh~lJ( v.r L.I~?.;;...~~)I ~(p,~~Ji./,ht~;)~~~p.J:~L":(Iv..~./~L0!ff.iJ~7

J\

--

0·--


- J..:.e 1)Jo:::;_u L;c II.:)I

(4,::~l'?J,-::,r-lJ~~

J,_,iJ,_,:,j' ~J JJ1~o:::;_4;J,if'

L [\'!i'J_6B/,-::,r~(~k-'J1)I ~~JI ~V!i'jt51,-::, r~( ...;.;r) ":""V~'~·( ~k-'J1)I~'-IJI ~ t.)!i' Jif' (t"I) ~7L(f. ~J,_,iJ,_,:,j~J' [lJ(~

/~~

f,

..J~0JI'f-Vi-IJ(~~-I)(":",,

.!!'(L~ J_6o:::;_1 (L~/":",,Vvl~J~J1~£-: (~J,~k-'JII:[.-JI(uzj--?,?

I~ -Ii /" Vv 1-1U!J,(

t.f~"'

((;

J(

J2

:L~)r~~Ll(-L? if' {

_6 1-1UL.Jt

«,

I [",)151 o:::;_L(yL 0! i'J.:;., 7 Jr;;I:[..J~--?,? (rl" 'fO~).v) ~~1)I ~:1~JI (rl" 'f(Y~).v)'~.:;.,~'.:;.,~)PJJI

v::'

(li~jpJI:[ -IJ'{L0!i'J.:;., 7~~),.( 'f-{:;-I)t.f::~Iv-lJIVJ ~A~~ .£~V.L0!i'J.:;.,7,.( VJ L~_f ...fuL;cJLIJ?-VJJJ1()PJ ~ (/:,t,j ~6-1t"",~)/if.":",,I-~~vJd.tlL-IJ11)_$~viuL;c1 ~,:;,,~'-'7-~tJ1vi.:;.,~J~IJ/cd/((;.2..J/"L[..,)vlU~JJ1 -IJ)L...;.;r';-lLt.)-IJ11)-Iy(~~L~~1)I~:1~JI~..i'I-Ii~L o:::;_.:;.,I-I'/LI.:)I-IJI_lllrk-'h?y4; U~.v( ~ J~)~JIvJ t.).v~yil-c ~-I/d-?

~1.:)~-I)LI.:)Iiffkr~Y"I.:)I,.(VJ t.))/":""?J

~U:'~'

L~Y~~JIJi--:->(.,p4Juzj..i'I~JI~..1~J",J~I.:)VJy'-'f':'>Iv)?(1"-1(; o:::;_LIF L r~Y"~ LJ1 L/(( o:::;_t.):t_-I J/..:.eLf u~~-Ilnf'f-Jk.(b-lt"J()I jY"LJ1 Lh/ o:::;_u";J/"-IJIuJil( -IJ1vi~J;((J\~";YVlo:::;_t.):t_-IJ/-IJIJ.J:!:U:I (pef rt,j/~~1)I~:1~JI~.:;.,~'...fJ\:I~JY.~-IIn~ "

.

-

~r,q,(Y~ {t"1).:;.,7 ilY'~.::!../J!L~~J)LJjl:[)..1-VJ --

01--

'f--I


LL...;:!t\./,~~/J!V'~T-~JL",:-"cY~)';:'~)..:.cl";'JJ'0...;:!t'

~L'YL)YtVLI.5)Jli{clJ.l)Ytvi)Yv)(.f'.!T_LYt)(~LJ'J ~;V~/:;:.r f--?'tJf.J:.I;-_£.~~~JlP)'I{:-~~j'I)~/I~. [f"'_£Jb7l5'~~'J~0-'~,LLL/(;),»f~tJj( vil?IJli0-'~, 0 ;:),10 vi j(1IYI.5;{ivh,-)InJ.?"':-'" ,cCYtviv~L~y.",:-,,';:(J.f-J'Yl:!'...fI,~~t/V~jL)'

J'"",~.b~'..:.cL?;:JYtcdu~)(-1!)L-£~/~lclfi~~LLv' LL~i ~1.5))y).L~LtJ,)~ 1U:~LI,LYt":;'h)JA),10 L/ ~~ ~ftJf})I;-/~~? ~ tJYt~~0 (;)1),lf~r'f-cCYt'0 ~J II! f,:;;,'~0tJ~,)'~~v::';:f-~':"-')...fItJf.v~'-)lnf'-).~'/t

-

f.::::.....JYt,..,~LJfI..Ii~~vl._)_.::::.....CCYt)(J.A.~L/..::.-:~LLJto! , ... ., .. ~//._t:,0tJ7~J;:y~~ff-IYttJ.!;~Jv':;;',L~j0~1)'7(;)1

"'tJ~if. J.:'~'f- VhJh.P ~);{ )ltJ,)~1(;)1~J;~...fIL/I.5k.Jj 0(;)1.!'L~ ~':;;',L20'j;{fJJ~;V ~(j-0 J;:Y~..::)~UI~I vlj"L.)~IJ'y)'ILYt.A.l.1.~/Lj~~f:j!0JI"",LLtJ'J~ -fA hi ~J/u~J).!)~i 0tJ')~ 1(;)ILYtLhfit!V-(I.5)IJ£':;;', jYt!0rJi;0tJ,)~iLI,LYt.A.l.1.LYtL~~':;;',LJ'"",0L~ L'j;{fJJ~;V)'7~(t.:fJh,(?I",'I'-)lnltJj~(.f~u:,~~}Y~j _.::::.....c.;~~~JI,L(pJ'J:::tJi , . ,~ ..~.ItJLwl1:;I},J./ -: , (.fi)0'j;{fJt]~;V f f- t'Ll!~ tJ,-1jLtJf);: Jly...fI"':-" I

"'t

;'~tJ~£~...G'J~JL.[jl.--)"~tJlf.'f-~JVf:vt~v'hf(.fl_.::::..... , cCJl5'~JI"",!0! ... )}0-£~)~ 1....;/~._);:(vl,LL(PL . . '0j'~);if~')J'0~')'7~J;:YL~_)'J:.)~})'(5;{fJt]~;V1:;) l,",)'7L~_)IJ:.)~} -f-J;:Yl5'~ ~Jl( jh)~ 1....;/0-'",:-,,1;: (1.11

e

--

or--


0(;J...?IJIJ'; (;:/0(;J(.ijJVl,.(~~J/d.::;:_~Vlv!f t qqq/..("~.{~ ()yV_: ytJi; (.:/I)J'..(" ,.(£/

J,!";"}Iy()!iLd'JhlJ~I..J.y JlJIJI

()).1l-d(..::.-t20~vLIJLJ1J~Iv!"::'-.1LfJ'/ . . /t.....,1 . [~_.::::...D.-~.::;:_ ,

£JI~;I?(Ll¢.::;:_LIJI..("J..)vl(~ji~J"::'-JL(J'4Lvl=,j 1;;t,,:)~LLuJP"::'-~~JI~.ijJVl.1'7I(U(;-olJJ1~~..::.-7-L ~-7- ~~J/~:t U~J~.1JI~£!'~IL~;A.1Jf ...fu~.J.'7- IJ1

v!()/.'()YJ'C~/.=,-V!v_:)J'ubJ';:.>ji..?I~=,fV!z{=,P..::.-~ (};..?I.1}......;;..vL (};..::.-~~ ['1_LLJ1J~i.1J1 VL/..::.-/.'.::;:_0~/ LJ?.::;:_uiJI7.~ J'V?'..::.-7.1JI t;V..::.-7'&..::.-7~J' UJ)01 !f.-V! .1~":"'.J.?.1J.P J,.tlr~;", tYL..::.-t2J-:-->. v! flqq'1_flqq~ VI~ Lif.7- -:)~.1~JifJ'U(;-olJJ~ ~~0v),.(IJ1(}P jijJIJ./ v:i~iLui ..J,~LvlJ\jijJ' JL~'J'UJJlri:~.1Jlut , ... .. 2l.)I'YL~; , ~0v)=,,.(V!£(J~;,~t~}:.::;:_U,f01J'~;IiJi~L~).1l;'i",:",',L ~J'~?7- c:CJ1..J(; (..£.v'~L(j( i.::;:_JL?.1.r'j?Ui.1JI7J..) -7-~~",UjiJL(()!f0jJVYa>~J..J/(;l.!~Lu;j .1'7v1f7- r~L(i.1;' jiV_:/..::.~J'}2J'...t~.1'7L~)I~j-f'} f7-r~L(LLvl.1J'7-~~~~0i}",~'-..0-..0JIJLJ1J~Iv! J/lfJ' Vl~/tL L i/L 1;GvyJ.::;:_ J'J~~,;-If~Jlli)I(uzj-f'}

IJ~j(u~'J'JLJ1J~I"'...t~.1'7L~)I~j-f'}/t7-viY()!i _£.h(i.::;:_Jl?.1.r'vlfuJP..::.-~.::;:_~~(;((.:/I)J01jiL~~ ~1i)I ~-f'}~/. t'J -!~~y.J...t~ .1'7L0!ff.iJ..::.-7 ..::.-~'L (};..?I.1L2l. Y()!iJlj.::;:_ flA'1r'v.:'t.f.::;:_LlyL

ui1'

U~~Ii)I~-f'},.(~J.lL.?~IJ1(}vJly,?jpJ'Ii.1Nv!* --

Or'--


·L .. . J..::.cJ.J.1.::;:....v~,~, ,.,.r ..... r '",., :I' _J.,. -: 1).1ILYiV .,

r!\ r-; i~ .._ ._..>(...,.....I.IL5'.::;:....(;)I~(; t.:/.jJ~'

...

,S~J;.(;)Jvd~~~/.LJy.e;L~I%)lve~}f ~ L~,1...f(.)~ "(.).1J~(;)lf'f- J~J"::'-JltJ~)b' r~~ LJL4'J,'f-~?Y~/.:';:;'.1vI [;;.7JI ~?.fd!-,,';:;'IN"SVIv:' i,IJJ?Y~/.JI...f¥JL--Y})- r ve~}~..::.-U;;1LYQ~L~~f'f-(~:i("::'-JltJ!j;h,'f-vi -'f-vi;?yjjvf(~J;.")'7L0!!.'J..::.-7L~I%)1 L~Li)J1":;"/)JL~JJI.1L~S2,,0!!.'J..::.-7)'7 ,r;,q!\IJJ.J?rrL"':-'!f ...))£.1ltSJ)I!.::;:....l;[fi~L(;)~~..Jr'--yL

.::;:....~S...t~)'7).1I~S"::"'r?IJL5'.1~Ji)J1:JJiJfJ)P,.kj~~Svl .c....J~Yi..::.-;b'iJf..::/I;;.1S~~,)lJtS(;)k.::;:....~S'-'r.::;:....j;~vl.c....(lJ , . .. . -: ,

~J1J}~f(;)I).1IJJ..::.-!JJ(I)fY~pJ_L2S~L0!!.'J..::.-r~f ,,(.).1J~~L--LL2S~J,,)'7L~)I-!j~}~(:;}lflJ1~,Vr

).1IIJ.riL--LJjLJA/I'I.::;:....i)J1L~J..;~.1iVV~(i)J1..:;../)J 'f-r~Yi(.)~()~.1I.;:;,.1VIJj:tSL5'J.UrLi)J1..:;../)J2S~J(.)i. ~L--.::;:....j;~...fI,'f-r~V.::;:....~J:'7J..;L~)I-!j~}~)ly(vl~ -'f-"::'-).1?S ~i-!7~vlJ.~~Yi..::.-~.1;S((,,(.)JJ~

The Life and Times of Sh. Farid-ud-Din (pIQ"

,tjl$J.-?l,jP

'1'/~.itJJ1

JJ)

(pr .. '1,(Y<' ....r)Y<'JJ):..::.,~.1..:,.,!?:p!(JIQ..JI(I$J..:,.,r:~.1

~~;..:,.,lb;' )~)~IJ:'/,(p!(JIQ..JI(I$J..:,.,r..:,.,lb;. .._.,Y L 2:.::;_ I}) .1 I.;;:... ( ~().. .1JJ 1~~ .. ~ ..;:) , ..IJ\h.f::lS"',.R .. --

O(Y--

(I

)jl)JI./I;'

.11( (f;d....J 1

(r (r


_.;:_vllyJ~L(.,u:~J~(.,~.lj"Lp!~ , .. .. ... . _A.Yc(yr",,~lt-:..JG'J,y-:.lJ1 V)j,;J,;:,I;:l.5?~vrfo'l

(I"

_M_AIYc~1

(0

_'.AYc~1

('1

_r.I"Yc~1

("

_n'1Yc~1

(A

Cult and Shrine of Kh. Muin-ud-Din Chisthti of ,U.I.,(~I J..

(q

_rrYc(ylqM,V:!~J;~ij.l;/1:pl)Ajmer

'(ylqq'1,b;

_rI"Yc~1

(I.

Jv JJ.lI:.lJ1V) ~l(Jv,£'<).I}fo'l ::_;.I~",(fJ; eI,)I!'

(If

_r.y _rqYc~1 _'1A_'1"Yc V~,.Jf.~l(JV,£'

(rr (Ir

J"_I"'1Yc(.2>lrlf,v:!.{u"';.I:J')().I~'£'JLztVy'

(II"

_or_o&'(.2>lr.q,v:!~S'!J'))~k>V'.lI?':U)IJ':"AeI,;!e-

(10

)DA':';;)(G'_.I

_rrAYc(t.:!~I(fr.!'':;'/J):.lJ1 V)~)r,~

_OIY,V~,.Jf.jl;JI;:'I;'

(IA

~I

(Iq

_rl.Yc~1

.Ir;",J~t:i"..f~

_Oq_MYc(ylqAO,~lt ....JG'Jf, •.P:.I.t1V)iJf<

'(ylqqq

,P{ J:; 1.:)7}1

y~

";iIy ',J;I:[)_.I

:.lJ1V) /.:'Uk-"~~~.lj"',U.I)G'

(I:[) _.I _rry

--

00--

(I"

A"Yc~1

_r.qy,(ylqOA'Il~(./~·\f.I.I)~l(JVI~:~P'.I')

_lfYc( r.. r,~lt ....JG'J,y-:.IJ1 V)\..t-{t-I)~

(1'1

(r. (rl

(rr (rr (rl"


4-L£.Ij;;r~L(:>L,ffJJhP{(;[.~'~)~}.;;.,;V_;fJ..)

(1"0

(t_£(f,qqq_y,qM)U}VVJ_£.~k-'.IJLJEJ~J'''''£).It'rJ Iq if._')JJlJYt JIJ.f/,,:-,~~ U}!Y-~ L":-'~~ j\;)Jj ]~-l5'.1 J/~'--AL..::/I)Jvl_(,[ L(:>hJ1//_;fJ..)fuJ/ilqqqJ, J~J\fJ/J_;fJ..)v'.l.t'Lv-fVL.lJ'J\JviJ;';;"Jl!u!i ~Jli;/I:cj ~;if.L (;)I;f~ (I! )JilqqA~{1;'1-;;'_f- vi

(jfv!{JJ!.;;.,i,;.I~",,J.J;?y/J_),,,~v,t}uJu.I~J.;;.,{p .. . .. . -f-0~~~J_;fJ..)J,:cj(_;f V)~Yt vbr:UPiJ vk!' _r'r'0Y,(f1qq'1',,:-,JIJ;jf:.IYt • 1-,,;) ',-->" M,'I),-->..~11.1i• _IOqYc(fr .. I,(.)'"" 1:.IYtV)1) ~~~ _r'r' Y,(f r.. (",J!,}:Jt;U!f.':.IYt v)~;it;:u.lJ(jU!f.'Jl.('t..f

--

0'1--

(1"'1 (I""::'

(rA


~~'-fLJ,.f;';:'~~....fI'(r.f..}bJt·(Subaltem

Studies)~J?,(;)j~

~ b./t-J(;)VJPz J'~~./J'~ (.)~)b./t-~"'~ D./ ~l~ J? f- Jf ~,~~)",AJ'[:.J(;.Jj~:"f-r~J?'(...,(;~(.);./y.L'J£./'_;;'; ~/~~'v'_f-J~JJ~'?-L(.){.1~?L':)?f-~~,~)f J~'L(Antonio Gramci)~,J.r.:;:,fo"'}iJ?'..JJ/"'~ij(fh--~ ~~(.,J~y.L'J£./d:)~b./rjvJPzA./J'~..J)JJ..cr_i,/ . .. . .. J'(;...fI~J~~)./'(~?~ LLfJ~'~",:-,~Lr.f..}b./t-/~~'v' t-J1J("(;fJfJ'(;...fIt,j~(~...fI~~./')'L[:J~)if._~tfJ~lt_,;; ('( j)f;rUld./J':lij,,(.)~? t.f~ J;:;L~~ ~L~;Ir~}(f'f./~,(;.Jj~'~~~'d/:?-L(.)j}d'-"-1~~Lh._hiL'JLf ~'...fI'f-t-J1:1ij"(.)?./)??.t,j~(~...fI~(:;j_f-{J?IJLf '((:;j_f-rJ1tfJi_';J(;)~~,,((>'LjJ~~Y'('('(if.f-r£..::.J>Jd~ /- (;))L J;:; J 1.1' "'A,..,.!rJjJ~ ((>./J'f-t-J1 ,,k. '(((>,t,jh--J.?": hf-c:dfu./?.::.-~J..:/;JJ,~,jn~ifLfJ!J((>'(;)"J_~ LJ1 J;:;S(;)j~-f-t-~'('(U:L/",~y.L~~u:....t.~ ..:/;JJ,~'m if.;;;~J~ "'./JI((-v'-f- JJ1t,j"'./J1((- J((>,./) Ju.;,,,,Y. ~ ~S J,y(;)j~...fI_f-r~l/."t,j~~'lvlt,j~'f-rf,.::d'~J'..:.v' 4'lr./)

s.»

--

O~--


vI0',.;,JJ1viLI-IJ/~10vl''f-rJ1(J/J!~CJL..JtC>I~J,c:(rvi -'f- JJ1d (;:-1 A::... ?JiLt I0

tJf. ~-'f- J 1}"~Jf~'f-

JJ10'U:JJP~J.t)0 ~}\/~~ i,)foU:I'=J-I(vl(\)-IJIl(-I{J~~~0((>I,J.t)=~~'f-~~f0vl JJI(vl~i,)~L(lffJ)~ILi,)fot:l-~J'-J";f-lj;(~4>~f(vf~ f.;;:_, vijil,..Jf~.;;:_rJ10'/ -I},.;f-l (WODJf\)A.:;;fJf£.............. ,... .. .....,..,lIcrJ1vi~

u:1~/vILv~-IJfvI0vl-1Jfi,)i-l./,0vl,L..::.-V~L~}\,-~ J};p':'-/JJ,/? ~J(' J}~~if.J11J;q~(lJij4:f~-IJfJ~,::.-H~

~/..!x~ if/-IJfci'JDf~f~}\./;'-IJfi,)J1H"~~ Lhl-1J~ (' vf LvLJf..::.-l?zffJ?0Vf-lJf.;;:_ r:)y , If .. J.t)VI 0vfAji.;;:_L-I-If!t " (.)...-

v~vILJ.t)0~}'V~(?v.r

{f?~~J_'f-~/{(..::.-f-l~J;:~

~Vf0'~~A4-J(t4-=f v.r~~(~JY.0t:1--IJfv.r~/£f~ ~0 vi ~J'f-e tf~J£?-IJf'f-r 1}"~J~if.'f- Y..:-(.~";'J-Ivl -.;;:_,.;L?~ ( \)-I'/'J"::'--I J)'0v L~.;;:_ , ,

vi

J?0vLJfVf0~}'V-lJf0'~J.;(~~~-IfJJfyL6-1r

Li,)?;0i,)J-IVL--"'{,-y.'-Y.?'f-c:C4>bCIJ~~ILif~jiJ1~'~ ,Jj~fmLJf~,;-fi,)~-IJfLJ1 L-I!~~~-IJ_v.r L-IJY(4i ,;-f \)y.(tLi,)rJJ-IJfi,)J-IfJ~-I~I';-f~i,)}~iJt,.0'~L~f;f\)/WJI~

1~I~J1Jt.:1-fLLnJ'(~JJ4i..:-(.~J/t.:1-LL/1Jh...;(~d ~ ~If v.rL4>J1-1'/'~ ~y=(~'I';:;'J2(JJ~=-u!~t:P4-Jfi ~ ..::.-~'?0t:1-L i,)J1 LJ1 J./.~ ~f;f~l..JlPL if/~f 0'~2:'~ J/~~fJ~Jf\)/ JIt:l-Li,)J10'I:;-2:',v.r ,-~LfkL6-1r ';-f~JLl(-LLJ1-1ff~i,)1(/'iJt,.~f~rJ1~J.Lj.-IJfJJ1vi~J i)JJL~fL-If!';:;'J~k---IJLi,)_,JfJ?-~,;-f-lJf~i,)J~v}~0~

-- 0"--


t.!~jcr~.JJI~/~.II:"t.!v'hI.lj_fJ1~)...(/.~Jjt.!~/J:/0IL d-v.t J~j2..("-,-.I~J~.I~4-t./.IJIU:Ijil.£./~~ .:;_LlyL tJfo J:tilJt; vf v1tJ.lJ/(jI".-LL/. ~ tJfofl:"J1v1~t~~;l_t',..,.:;_ L01JIJ~.:;_tJ~t.!~~jJ>L'JLJ1JLlt~(t~J_i:..:t~ tJJ.1~LIJLJ" L£IL..::/fJ.:>I~ 131/~tJJ1I.£!~t.!tJJ~/.~t.!tJf L,J:J~tJf.v.:'~:(tJJ1~~LJ:-tJ'Lt;JI'-:(~tJ~';-'.:;_..J)t.! ~t.!tJ~>_,f.~.IJI..J~LJ'/ttlY,(j~~J4-fiUld(;"'.I)?-0f

u.r

vl~Jf '7-t./: ~(-0 (tf..) b.ll:" (;t jy-'7- c:CJ107f"~I.I~-0.:;_ 0~Jf ,-/?It./t.! Li,/;"".IJI'-/.::)~.I)/~I~j...i~L~ j)1 "" "

_~L(r.J(;~...fY(lilt.! '-.IIJ'L(;tj~)if.f'7-:~

(;;k.vILtJ_,r.i:..~V~.:;_

....(tJ~)b.lI:"z-!'J.:;_~»--'0}~

~L,lP.lJ'~)-0t/.::)~.I)IJ.t;~~,! ..IJ'~'t.!(jk--~f.:;_~L .:.J>;~J~:I~"tJ~?~tJ~'-;J)LJ.t;~)u'('7-fJ1cf',j, '-.I~LtJ~0rt././l)r/'-).cLlP7ILJ1'-~.ctJ£.t;t.!tJflJ~L t./!~P.lJI~)V-0t.!J'L~-u.r£/~~~L,lP~.IJlft~)V~ -~fj2..l...-'-.I~ ,

LtJ~~.IJltJh~~L0vJPiLUv.f. L~Y'0}~ ~.f.yt.!(IiJL(~f~~J.t;~fiJ;>d;)-0~0ru.r~.:;_LI.Y (0l,.f_f?f~<.I'R";~'-;lPJj,L1rIc~~.I.IJ'f~(~~)~~tJ;,D.-'7.IJ'.I'):~/JJ):t.!(~f~.»ILLJ1..JA'::.L.I'J'~;)";".I'):L/-~(1 J'1};.IJI~:jiL~VJ[.l."v!(liJjl.t(;/JJ)UI-J;2..l...-v!t.PJ'Jd L~~~'j_JJ''7-)~(~.I!/J')/)~:v!(liJj'.t(;-'7-f~~~t.P ~ :-'7- ~.II:"J1v! t.Pt.!..JtJrl.lJI..JI/I,tJjilj j)I.lJI~1.ll!1(vl~ (1iJ

0}~-'7-~.I).f.y'':'!.I((~f~v!tJYIiJ~011/_i:..(IiJL-=-I~,(1iJ --

Oq--


,~~ JI~}

bA·~ S ...f",:",1 ().lVi) f-:

JI71())~.;;..(.(I.)}/y

u~L J k I.)Jv,.IJ}) u~,I.)).llH,"-<~",zj ;'('.I~.I)L ,:h)ll.).rd;')~ bA\/I_f- i.5'.1))__¢ ...fUK~S~J'lJ)lJ;.I(~Jj~/{tu.:'lv!?-liz.; bA·: tJ/.~:fv7 f J.I)?~~)y~I.I(£ v!~.1~L t]~~~} UI.l)If-~}bA·_;J(...fI{~SLJ'w__¢...f)ljl.lfo.l)I~~JI~~} bA·tJ}\"'_f-/lj~L/J;.:;_v~.lVi;{~J"'...fI S t]~:~~ 1'.11,1'VI.. 2:....1.>~).I)IVI..JlPLL)~L...)I)Lu/I.>~/bA·,J-} , ~.. .. .. tJlIJ1'~f-.l0-'''':"'0'~;(Y!~,(I:,.f£)IL~la()0-'~,,::-)I)LI.)YI Ll.)fl",:",?")(ltJl,.f£,Jui'u;.-f-C:C:~V0-'bA·SI.)i.?"lbA·S ul~J~"2:::...I.I.I)I"':"'}--IL..:;;L[:.,!fI.l)IV0-'~fi~([:.,!f'~Av!bA· (,f.:}bA·S[:.,!f'{.I}lf/bA·StJIL(E. Sreedharan)tJ/~/-()I~ 1 "":. f-k).II)" (Historiography of Protest) ~/vILlfL2()~(lPV~)A~bA·LI.)}.lYtJ}1.[ ~L?lvl_fS?IS2()~,,::-)I)Lu}L)I(~.I)I{I.).r ~~ ('I...fISbA·",:",llJ~A·~01~1}iv!",:",)IJ-A·~~vl?J)I(~...fIv! k L~.I)I2()~ t.:-I bA·L 1.)}.lYtJ}I.[-f- kl 2-v/ (;f.~} .I,1').I~tJlv:'v! ~ L v1f- 0~1 ",:",}--I?(History from below LLt.:!-LlJI;I.>LVui'v!}(;/jiL~/t.:!-.::...Juv!L/":':'L.I)ll.)fl .. ... .. .. '''t' .. ~~~J!S,,:;/;.I))LUy.~)LP-lJl;l.>l)/~./~./21)I....(J ~ ';;"('k~.lSvl:.rlJl;~r_f0-'(~)vlY. u(~",:",1i.1~} (-'Lvlr;:lJJ~tJltJlv!vlr;:iVk~.I:-'lJJJ?.;;..(.v!k~.I~)~k-'i .=,.,~_..,,..,r;:iJy.J}tJ:)IJ}J,..,r;:v!VI.)L.I~Svlr;:LV[:.,lw . .. ...... .. ..

~:v/.

k~.lu;.",:",I-v!J~ui'>'v!",:",1i.1~}L£{ tJlkv! u?Luy.~)~ -f- i.5'.1 ~>'v! ~ ~ LbA· '1. --


LVI_jrJ.i;,~._fLUvL4~m...fl~..J/u!.;b./t-~}'y-./1'JI~,":",I~'./'J~-'f~~~~Yt~;~~'f~-'f-~l;.;pr"'_";Y/4fi ~~L u~Uv~I-0 L~J/~~,LUv~}'Y--.;;:_.;;,.(.~'-A L

19-0 t r~v)Ytu~L).;;,.(. u~./'/Sv,./,,(L u!.; b./t-Sif~ L)~/u!.;b./t-J./~I..J/,.;LUv~}'y--.£~~,-./~L~v'ki L1(;:n~.l?'/"~.tv;t;:(~.;;:_....rS~)i~v'kifL1t-~ ~~~u!d-0 S~V'kiJ}~u~Uv~I_j,SJ./\(-rS~_;'~.l?ul(-~}v'L~)i,/" tl'~LUv~}'y--19_'f-V'V~0-'/~w.'~JJ~JdLu!.;bJt-U-; ~}'Y---'f-Elitist~~ ..JI}IJlf, (LJu!.; bA'dj jv,kif 0L) ((;vl.;;:_J_A, J'.;~'J'~''/'' JG7'£~l!I.;;:_t:SU~"~l(-J L u}./Y '-./i: L./(jIL d-ld..JSJI)I~ vfid'j::fvl);')/ (Myth)Jf ~L'I~JJIJ.~2...I./LJL;;')!-.;;:_~~I}/un'~J)J7/,-;lP ~}'Y---l(fYt~JYr';;:_3~f.;;:_JJl)r?JJ..£~~,./u!.I...fI./.tIL LlfL~~f'Iu!.;b./t-t J.JJLrLf;~JI)I~~fV..::.:~~L~Y /d-0Lr~v,-./~~~S(f.'~I~'-'f-J)J..;~';"',./LJ~...fI ~Lh'/~'/"0£)~I.,JYJy..;;:_Jy'~'')UYt~LI,Zk./}~~ -'f-./( ~'~4- (.f.,:(( II '}uYt"; (~IJy../IJ)((II0-'~uf.idjf0LI;.~~Y~}'y-L~I(I;I~(~L'IV(I;'0-')...!...f';;:_UMLd..;:G'~ALu?L1JI., ,-;'~L!ILd..;:G'dJr(~...fIfv:iJ'/')'-IYt~~/~L~vl.,dlP ((II_j~fc)J..;fuM~!LI:[..(G'~...£if.YtcfJ~...£uffuM _~./t-Yt~.;;:_~VI.,';-I'/".;;:_/~,;-IL~f~./.;;:_LIj'L~! (c( (RanajitGuha)~/~cl./~) /~u..r.:~L~J;.-I~}'y-~/~cl./_'f-c:C~~J./I}0-'i'/Y~Mr/./.;;:_~(j/./ .... vlf~L'f-rr ~-'f

--

'11--


(;)1?}J~(S::ff-if~(;)LJI¥'vij~~~J;-I(;)j~;;}JfJ(WI~I.I;1 uf.~IJ/li:f-\C~I~f\(~J;-I(;)j~Lif.tJJ~f?JL)~}D.Jt· 0'~hJt~).I~Jv,.I.IJIiZ-yJJ if.~J1;~~~ L~J;-Idj~ f f.IJI"::-~J;J~k-I(;)j~J})j~~VI.lJIf-~J.::.-f.Jfjl(~IJ~/.~

J(;)vJy.~ql ~tl.l [-f-c:CJ1.1(,--,,~£/..::-VIY~).I~~ Lvi LLuL._fiJtJJI)I.1JIJ/l1v~vrLtJJI)ILif.f-~~vl .IJIt.t")0'k~~LtJJI)I~-k0~I~J.t;Jl'J..I.a?vLL)JJ1~lP!1 4-J~I}L(if.(;)I.lJJL._fiJtJJI)L!~(ii~~IJJL~!?1 t)J,_j;JL~vILL)K'i~.IJltJvidJ(;)L~LtJJI)I,~L ;£.I~~J;~~IJ1...hJ~L~;L._f/JtJJl)lff-if~~/.1J)t,J; ,L~ ~1L)J1L~IJ~(~~( ijLJ.I~~d'~h} )~~ ~1~

vvl J(P-·1J'"(J~Jv1_t,..-V~._f/tJJ.::..cy,tJx Ji);0~()k-vi JfL L)fl~IJ~._f iJ JI»._tJJ1.J1.;;"'.{ I;r;.,yv 1..::.J!(;'.I~1 _fi)~~~(;)vJy.Ir;.,yv...J1.M>IJ~(;)LtJ~({'iZ-y~JV£LI~

.IjL~.IYI(;)!,i)V'(~~tJJI)I~L)rV.I.IJJ1i)·t~V'V'~LJJI)I ~I.I?IJ;JJ1(~~J()i~~~v/'~LtJJl)lf 0¥' ~£i)V'v:1 ~LI.YLt}~..::-VIY~_LJ1t,J;LJ1I~..::-VIY~Jf~d'j,--fo'{ _Jf..::--.~J..::-I.I~(fh}.IJI~Jf~'--.I~L._fiJtJJI)IJJ~,~ L 1~12J~ .IJ5~u<~()k--'T-~J~~~~~1

~tl.l

(~~JIJ'JIk.I~(;)L1~(;)~l:;1/..::-1J~I".I}JI..c:ILL),fIL)~_f £_i)~ ~J;~ J!~~(;)1~ IX....fi ~if. i)~ (;)~L0'..::-1J~1 Jf

~J_V'(~£~.:;.J:Ji.lytJJ~ILL),fIL)Lf.Lt.f:.{/I~J~L~/ ~IJ~J~lq'1r'_f-.IJ~Jf~;.I,;Lti.ltJ.hJ(;JII1.~I'¥.~? i)J~ ~(;)L~~ CJI...f.M> j~~ t}..) D.lrJJ~1~J~I~ L 1(;)VJY. --

'1r--


2..,::_ uj}~i.ly.

,.{(J~ d-~=",:"I'(iJ}.}bA·0'J~IV: (;)VJy.,.{

1-'h!?LlP';-ILJ1L/J::V:;I.tl.bi./f(;)LJILL/d!IA~'JJI~I'L .,:.,~Ji]_,)~Jvifl,;~JJ(;)k:fb.lt"V:)I.tlt(:....fI,.{(JJ~,«(;)LLLJ "~b.lt",.;I.I?IJ._I...

(;)1Y '( (;)1_L Z:....~ ,~ t~./ • ~ 2...Inp~ -"t-.. ~JU D:J,~/-Jt ,

ij·b.lt"0'J~I,.{(JJ~if.='(~.l(J~J1...J)J intellectual history v: VLJIJ1c£-:j~I;)l,; '«(;)I~';-li.ly.0'J~I,.f1>/.f-fJ1if.U"~.IJI ~=)i,.;~0'J~I.b?--- ....fILlfLL~d-_,CI(;fJJI~I,.{J1if...::.;;JV= '(L~ .:!<.;JJ('(LJ..) b.lt".IfJJI.~I i£J1l.:!IJ,-,-/?f JL/ v.. J~L (;)If.v.:J('('(Z:~fJ..) b.lt"~J,.{ LVI Llf'v.: ~ d-~.1j iJ'V:,-;IJ0'J~IJJ"¢;;; L U;.IY.0'J~I_(JIJ1u;.v: (;)VJy.v: if~ (trade dialogue)U)(.0'.I~J.I'(LU;.IY.0'J~I'J;JJiJ.,~/_(,£.I_,.. J'_";)~LlfL":"~J~I0'.bJV:U#'-/JJ_L4--J1~~.I}J"",::_ Lp.L":"~J~I'.:f/:~{~JILuJ/Lf '1•.IAO._L4--d-V~L( _VJ,r('f(0'J~I';-I,::_(~'-/mJI0'J..:,...YJfuJJ~I~IV:uy/' (fl_V((;~::_ J:! L(Amartya Sen)~!?/I":"~J~I.f~...JJ~[P (cultural U~1lviJ.~1.(.IJI(Anthropology) (;)(..)VI (~/-=-:;.tl.l r.,,) t..t:'l~.IJ~~Lif.V,.JIlvJ!if.'(":"k:JILUJ(I_.;:C...J)J studies) '':'wvlf(;)l,::_ .,:.,tli..I~JI",:"JI_v.: L rji.YIv: u~llv(;)jlrL (;)1 ~J'f-~J1~JI'iJ'~JV£(,(,«(;)I,.{f-JI71=f~;t~L(;)I,.{f-.:;,f.l lYo v: .,:.,l7:.PJ#J(;)1,.J'Jv '( J~L (;)~;.IJI v.: 4:-J..::..;:'II ~JV.::-(.f~ -~, t".liJI.lIJJ0' J/ vi...J.?iJ',::_ iJ}.) b.lt"0'J~IJJ..¢V:,-/Lflq'1.~/-=-:;.tl.l L(;)I":,,vlY0'J(;,if-if.V:'-AL~j JVJy. v: LuvUr LJ1 ~ . 0'jJ~P rJ(;)1v: JL LJ JJJ.- ",:,,1.';' L.,:.,VlyU:I_LJ1I~ v: .»j --

"fr'--


_V~t"J1-?/,.((;~~J;.-10}\/~d'jL0Ljl!~JJ1~

.::./

..,fii,J}S0VjY..IjIU~(~J'J1I~~d'jL~kJ'Yf"~"":"'""

U~(._fp.~/J:LVI,J.._fflq".~flq'1r"L~I.~~~.IlL:rL , . L0VJy.LI.)J(I?-LJ..i..?-~tJ(~.I{j....fI"u~(~J_~V'(~" ~ ..:.1J(..p(;~)i~)rL':"~~.I}v(;LI.)J(I-V'(Jly'~I.)}~.J! ;£.I._.,CJ....(f~I.)Jp.lftu~(,.(.i..£J1JVVI~J._fflq"·_~~S

. -tu.1;u(,":,~f&Zt~.:,,~~

?;...fI~ ~~'_.i..

JIYLfI~~.IJI~JIY...flJ"'~~~~/~}...fI,,(.;~y'Lu~(

LU~("(~,.,JIY~J_J1~Jf.t/L.fJ;ILyVLt;fySU~(if./lL .. .. ~ . .:"h}iJ.:"IH_;j~J ~lr.vvlS..::/k--~lll.)iJid .IJIS1.).I1)/S .:"I.I~d ~ .s: 'f-.I.f.:,,)gu~( S..,fiJ.'£J1_; 1.),(v.:/(:>~ ..,fii,J}v' l.)1.iJIJ~ ~ .:,,)gSu~()},.(._f1.)L(..,J. ,~I.)1.iJJ1J~ Sv:!.1~ .::-(.Ll-1I~JI.lI)/L)~(~u~(,..f?0~1/1)~)~LI.)HjTI~tv: J jLfk--.IJli,Jl/ji VIJLJ1I~"tJIr~.IJli,J },.(~)=L~I..i.. /.~~x VI1j)}lu~ (.IJlv:!.I~,))ji,.( ._f1.)L(.._'J1 f" )~j TI~(mobilization) (~(lf' 1jl.21_(JJ~...fI Svl";;IJ~I.I~I.))~_'~ tJ1.1Jf." L.ffIJJ _1J1~I.)1. is j~)tJy)jI0J~ 'J_LJ1~lj~J:;J2ir-S~(!,.I.~flq"'-flq".~/..::.;;.tl.l

-fil.)j~~V-0VJy'~~_;~)IjJ=_£".fL.:iv,=-II.)~J':"VIY,=-1 SJ LJ~L.lI_J. j.l~Lfr.lL..,ffi} ,J.1~J1J'I;V:~/LJ~t L01?~t~JIY...fIA/~/~12 ...fjvl-VI.l~A.ljIVt;.f'j,SJLfr.l

IjJI-ff~j,"(~YL~f.~~CJ.~JlyJ;.I)~Lf_YLu~( 11.)}1?}LJ~.I{LvIAji~u.10'~"~Ir~Jlv~ LvLj11 ~t ~ 1.)}~0"f.)" .I}I.))~L l.)}j)..,fi~jIU~(_~ ~).fJ7-v)t./ --

'1("--


0'(;)lf~J}uJ~..hJL'JLy<J7 tJ..u1.}0'JJ,L{_. '~..::.-'/'';-' ....w~~/JJ....fItJ..A/L~..:P.!)~';-'v.fju}JJf'7-=..::.-~~J_L tJ..._(/~J'if~ (_L 0~LJ_i:)(~0~ (,.fh{ . ~~J_i:)._( jY- v!

L(;)I,..f?~J~)(.,_i:)(~Lif~(-J(cJu}JJ(;),t.ftJJJ'I~J~;....fI .f0PI/'J("P"L._(/uJ~~..J)u/JJ'LY<-.?')..J)~,.6.;("~ Ju}lff\f~'J'Y=~J~v'L~/_0'J((ctJ..J".vL..J'{'';-'~J LY<J'J#'lPL(;)ILJjLv'JJ'~r~L-CL#'U.[/'J(.,_i:)~..J) . .. , ..... 1;.a>y.tJ...:;../JLIlvLu1.iJu}~JtJ..u#~/JJ_LY<vi~J''-l.! /ujiJ~ JJ'ul./(;)~J' ~..J)....fIJ((,;-'~ if~(L UJ('-LY<(.;J/ (Social Anthropology) ..::.-~?J.~L UJ('U~ _LY<JP tJ..21: J_i:)~L'YL(;)vJ.k1~Jh/(;JJ'UJ/LP....wLUJ('_JJ~~}~

/rJJ'~tJ.."::'-'~JVJ'~Ui.CJLUJ('-\f(.;J/c/6;J~)("::'-~'JL Jl}.tUt.JJ'\f6/(;)Iv!tY<~..::.-~;if.J"::'-~'JXrJ_i:)~~t. ";:·J/"'HtJ..2.LJJ(J/ v,-J?/J;i{:/ ~ ~2. . .. ... ... ~/£.2:.(..,-I"::'-~'J

J_i:)(U) L-ff LY<~

~ ( tJ..L/ ~(theory)

=P~(generalization)

~!P.~Ut.#'.:,.,;:Y,J(;)lftJ..if.(.:.J( JJ/~JA:Jjvl'7-rY<--i' J.:'/v,),~;ji~rJfLruX~dLJ'~;,(;)lf.....Ci~_,:::_0')r ~, ... , (jtJ~;4-L(;)(/i/=-'7-tJtJ..,",~~/Jif.'7-rh~J/~ ~~~I'_:;'J",_~L:1)rhUZ;·'('_:;'JLLJJ}MJvIWJ,~J~t.:f..r?i. . .. , .. , . . ~f£Y<~~(tJ..4~/~~~'-r~~JtJ..LJriJj~JL~J ?'7-J_,6([.;/....fIifJ/~J} f '-l.!¥~J_'7-lJ';tJ..J_,6[.;/ifJ/ U!{ d.7 (fk-- f '7- J~ ( (;)1-'7-~J( 10' J_i:) ~ j_,b L ~J ,;-' ~ / ';-'/.afi. J',IUflL'J.:;::(;L ..::)j~ Ut.#' (mobilization) (code of U#.~ J?yL jl/..hJ JJ''7-ctJ/ r') (LJrI

ey

--

'10--


Vr.)40.t'{/ufl4:I-VlZL./vAI)If:.)}t,j'jh}./f}/

authority)

~0.t,{f7-~tJf._LVviJ.:)~t/(;)I'JjVl')~JV')J~J~(~;'tf 0.t '{,.{V(., ~.)(~tJ.:~.t~.k.L IL..:-b1IJX IJ~J.:(;)V'JY..)"';; ~(...tl =J.:.;:_.)~ L(;)V'Jy.L~/ ~ tl.)_i:..Vr.).;:_·y..::-(.L -f 0'JI)1J j J~(~-.J/(/.7-~./tJ~I)S'(...t:A~./viJ~I)S'(...t':_;/=f~.!.. ....fI';-,_Vlvi(.Jlrt"':"'v,Lv,.)J,7-,.P~;(jV'Jy.~~,J.vi(j tJ!).')J'..:-lfJ,jV'Jy'!((UjJ'~ fv'L..:- ;~tJf.JL~/ ~tl.)J.:L (;. CIJ":-~=~(;)1L.!L.~LuJ 7~( I'J,L(;)L~ JwtJ.: ..::.cIJ.) JtfiJ ')J'MI~'j.')J'~C;_J;SdI)J?ytJ.:UJ7~J}((Uj=~JJv~')J'ffS J.:U?')(;)'')J'Vl2..)L(A((,,2..)L.:;..!')')J'A~;')J'~'~')J'~',)'~ !:_7-~)fJI.)IJ./(IIY.?'67~p-I(;)jv~I.JI."c;_L./P~}~c;_LI.YL~/..::.;;.tl.) _I)t./ CIJ~~ ~LYt J~ -.J) S(;)1$•.) vi L J..} b.)~0';'l....flL J.:(;)I'Vl4-Yt~~~LPL~~/.VJ,;I....f",:",IJ.:~L~P-I(;)}v ",:",,~p-,(;)jVC;_v)v'_Vl LYtJ~..:-v(;.;I,..:-vJ.:L-/.fiC;_ L~P-,(;)jVJj~....fI~c;_J.:u~~(;)'-7-~./((=-~/dJ....fI....f ?--LL./CIJ/..::.crSu~~L~ILIJLYtdLvLJI.)~~jIJ _.;::_ce: (,.At , Yt.)

is

~1{~~Jf:LD.Jt·~L,J'JJ'~1YI~,..Ylfv!r0jv ')JljIJIL0'yv..y.hJ.: (;)17-~(~~ ,,:-~~YdL uJ(I-Vl J~t ./ i_..IJLI.J.i?0'A? [,.)1) ..::)(.,Su}L.fLJiJ/J.: JlJIL0'yvr::: ; .!.::..d?')J·I.Atlj0.t'{~flqrr_flqrlJ.:d;-;')~£JI S_')'J'/L~~ L'~')J'L,_rJ.:u~~~(;)'~'{~-VlJ~..:-~~Y0J4=i -fiJ jS(;)V'Jy',.J(;.~(;)1f:0.t'{-Vl L./~,&1)0J.::-(.C;_uS~~ _-

'1'1 _-


~~YLLfJ/fu/}.:;......J)S";-./J}JlPU:VfCf!~Jf)('f...fiL

U~wf0./JJ£fqrIJ./Jj"(&'L./~/U:~iJ?Lt!;:(_7t-f.:-7." Vf~f{~_L?v./~(~IfI~JLf":,,,UJ.:;....~LJfjf,{JJJlP>j.:;.......fi u: u}L,fJlPf u.rLIh=.:;....J...j, S..:;~r./Jfu.r?! ..;:.,JJ.::ilSi-.J LLLft)JJ(01.:;....uj~Jf./J./JJ?/J~JL..;:.,~./;v'J_Lu;:( .. . ..... .. (t!;:(~fu/}('*t,).}6A·U-jL0~Jy.f u.r ~1{~-£L7 (Lffi--[/J j_f?u.r Lf~f~~JJVfJLfJ./JL0LJIP";:"~ ./JfLiV~l.7t'~~J./f}4'(UpfSu~(LJ./~./JfJ:t.£L{J;(( ~JV.:;....j;~JI.r?~J(({yLUJ./(,;5-01((=(~fJIfk--...fiU:~L(ft -'£_;.p t,)Y. (lP (LiVU: U#i-/JJ_£./Plb ~JV.:;...../pf J.bJfJ~} i-./~Lu;:((JJ~7JlPf7if(~f{~-~~~.tt/(J:~(S,.j~f Jf~S.JfJfJJJ~iJ...fIU: U/}0ffu;:(./Jf~./J?~(";:"~...fiU: I viJLJ.::-(.,ijlbS,::)h..;:.,~f;fLu/}0f,St!;:( Dfflt;z~~ " ? .e. u: J!.Ji SLf ~f~././JfJ LU/}0f~ ./}..:;../f./~f.l.~J(j";./ U:i-./LL;~tJ";~./Jfj~tJj~'JJZ./Jf~lAj..;:.,~f;fJ1'Lu}L,f . .... (~Suj;(LiV~?,ijJLf..;:.,~f;f=~J('t'_I(G'"..;:.,f./~';-fL01 ..;:.,~S..Jl)IJfu;:(_f£f£LfJ~liSvl?lvf~/'}£L(J~) ,.;L01..;:.,G'Jf~_J.tt~~kt'Su;:(fvll.)J .. .. .. ~./f£?~Jf)))l.)JLf , .. JlPSt,)..J'(.;Jft!;:(..;:.,~f;f./Jf..;:.,~f}S0LJf£zf.ttJfJJZr.J~i-JW (,~IfI;;fJ(f./~t,)A?f~if(~fJ-~-lf.ttJf...;J:!.::-(.':;""(:;;Y'S";:"J(J . ." .. L&Y'0tf;:(~Jl.)J LLuHJlPU: if.~,.i' .. ~./.hJ;;?fL.tt , .. . {~_~f~.::-(..:;....J;)Lu;:(~f./J?~":,,,~·f(2...f./~f...fi'7J.Uv J~lf~~0~./JL..;:.,f./~L(lt./Jf..;:.,)gu:--[/SJJf)7Jj~Uv= _~t'fJfJSLlr."':"'l,.-./Jf,_;J(....{fLU:}6./t'Jj,.;.:;....j;~vf./Jf~t'f , .... ~.. .. ,

¥

--

'1~--


U~) b.1t"d}~ UJ(It.!J1V:~l1!d(..)? v!I17JJIv! L ~)L" Iqrrt""Iqfq-'f- t"~ l.(:;Jlr 'f-~(r.t,,"';Yl:;l/u~L(David Amold)l(;.1ni; J= -if::i Jf I(dlL L u ~L("ft\"t\ t""ft\"'1) Vf.1..A..1JI ("IQrl"_"fM"q) Y';: j';::_.1.hll;.1Jf

.;;..(.Jf(1(1( (Gyan Pandey),-~~ dl( v!

.i_.;::_./t,,"';yLd!U,v!dVJPt,JLP:-....(Il(df , ... ..,... ~ _.;::_Jf;~.1./,-,Vf .. d\(.1JL"fqO•.1JI"fqr.L(DipeshChakrabarty)J/.L~ V;J ~(r.t,,"';yl(~ ...fI~I/UJ.1JJ7LIJLJ(I(v! u}I;.1I(Ld'~ L;{(

L d'~

v! UJ/L.,fqr •.1Jf"fqr.v!,;$":;"".1}J'I;.1Jfv! J~ ~-'f-

tf~L..::.-~ Vf..:;.... ..::.-;,.;;..(. ..::.-vIPLu? dLIJLJ(I(v!

U}I;.11(

A)fJj~LJ;f.J..::.-vIPLdlv.t':SiJ?d.1Jfv../~h}~Jf~ vlJ?J~.1JI'J?J~LLJ1v!Jf.~Jy..;;..(.if d.1JflJ1vi~f[J,f~_v../ ~}~,JJ~~....f~JJ~fjl?~?YJfJJ4-v!dlfL':;;;? J_;f~LJ~v!"fqrof

v.r ¥ J/.f~_£aG~~JiJ.t'~di

JIP~.1~/()IvJf..:;....P'Ji;jLJ)Iv~JiJ?dJfv.fv!~Jf~LI.1

v!L~LJ::r •...J/v..~p..1JIJ~LJiJLf:lv..,;$f~Iif.i;?y LJ((,Ijf£'VJ":;"".1}J/.v..d-~J?YLI;.1I(Ld'~v..JfpjJY.Jf ~~Jd~-dfY...fl~?Y(~Jdi~}~{iJ~J?J~Lvf_~

L.,!;?fl(~

v! "!;.1{.1J;If,J.1o/-...fIJ"fqI"O J,UvL J/.I~_'f-

1""e..JIv...J/.;::_v..U?d ... :..;)L.11): '1"j'vrLfJLJ(I(v.. U} 1;.1 I( p.L'::-J.1~JJf.~f'-/JJ..:;.....;;..(.tJ'4-I.1Jf=_~/.Ldit.f

~ di~}v!iJ}I;.1I(Ld'~V.J,.,!;?v..J~f .1JfvtL~jI'; "

ifd.1l):

v.rL/.:5.=J/.I~

v.. ~J.1J t].io'L L~v1. __.:""JJ(;.1(Vi ~J_tJ1";iJ.['

-.?v-v.r4:-J.1I}~JJ~1

"

(heirarchy)(UiiL-.?v )#>.1;:IL.ltJLP:-

iJi.1~~:!l(iJ?df'f-(;(l(dL~~JJ(j;~J?Yv!L~,(Uii=1( --

'11\--


-7-c:CJ1(~v!~f./0J._,J~JiI0~:At (Sumit./~~Y~~~YLJ~~j'flq.0~~0)\~-./Jf....fl vlJ'L.f/J.?fR...J~LJ~~f vt L/..:%~:R7-VLSarkar) 7-V";;fj·U::Lu.if-lf .:;.;(.~~'?JJ!0.:;;,~..f./~'?JJ!v! uj}(~L':;;'~..f./~IJ~Jv,.jt/fJY.v!...f/...J~LJ~ff ~(jJl:;Jf!'(...f/Vf:./JJ~~J/J}:.i.J~U}JJJy'./Jf0LY'V!d-1 .!l_~~J/rlvJ~-!(:>0~Jq0...f/':;;'~J}~~Lif. LfyL U_pJ~0}\--~./Jf...JA;iL~»--J0)\··-v!~i.}".Jf ...JA;i.::.1>fj;v!.::...../~Li~Jvf0i}..}b./r~vl7-t0PR~ :[P_vtJI~v.::...../Inu:U~}~0~»--J0}'y-~PV'-7-c:CJ1J"'(v Lhv!u}t~)J./J./JJ./JJ~L;f4L.::....;IrLu~}b./r0}'y(I _~~J/b"J~Jvv.:ifv;(Lb./rJv.:.7.~)/~t\.?./LfJL(:> J:::_ RJ)~ J./Jf.i.L (v£: remotes ~JVfm.:;.;(. J:::_ RL1.42..f (r '... . . .. '... .. lfJ/Lb./r",:-",f,.i.L;J (marginalizedjv ~(vLb./rJP -vt ;:!J1JfJv!.::...../lP-J J"'(v~...f~~~y'L.::;Lvff7-:~~'(....fI0~»--f0}'V (I'" JR 7- VLJffJfyl..;;f';"'./jL?~f~JfL ~~~y0f./Jf7- 0 _7-~./I('(Llf)v:~ ~J./t0Jfjf~Jij./Jfu}~/b./r~~'(./Jf....fl0~»--f0}'Y(I" ;;j L ~Rf0 }'y-v! u_;.QJ.::.... /JJ-7- t ~...fJJ 1(~....fI/J~ -f /vi~.,J/~vlb./r",:-",f./Jf7-~Jh.t)v!UJ~0b./r 7-V:j~~~JV'(...f/0lfJf)IJJ00VJy.L~Rf0}'V (0 1J/~~r(:>~JJLu~)v//RIJ~J./vIJRYv!vf./Jf L 1~.::.... ;fdv L ~G' J"'ftt' v.:'./~ L...f /vf ",:-",f./Jf7_-

'1Q _-


-~

i:«i:« ~~". (v'_( J(,.('f-: ~!(~''J'x -..0 J':c»--,(;)j I:~',t}))~.;::._v'/if~

( '1

)')'(~~')J'u~J_,f J_,f,.L~

t)(}rf)'y'?/U}/Y·)(;J'L)~v!~)~L(;)Iu.p,Vl.("vi J'vLJ'iJ)Ll5!.i0)rJJ!'oJ~;"t.h~,J:!_)?L~J"} '" ~.... ... - viJ~L.:0' (,t.;::._Ji::JzwLJ; )J''f-V')')')J('~ L(;"xL ,/l5!.i 0)r L:c»--,(;)jl:-U~ -vr;£d-J!'~~".(~jJ.(..J7!Lv'vrJ.::....~(r.dJh'y'J)rL(;)I;--Jkz .. ..... ,.. .. ;:.::....JJji~J'LJo?:LoL~~)~L'7.,...fl!:c»--,(;)jl:- [P Lv'~I1v....fl(v"~-JJvi~/J'LJJ~I!~j,i./J/.;::._,7.'(;)' -1:2) LY' vij,?---/UJ)~-h5JiJ' V'",(r. J'LY''';J;,(.;::._ ~ 11v~ /J) (;)1-p.~2:-..4r')(O)V~~)In":':;Jvl.,:,~?';::'_~J'uil5!.i0)r L/(;YJC:;(~":'~:~'f-J'l)'~:)J'Y'.::-?Af~)J,r -..0J' (liL....f"':"',~(;)jI:-J/v!r,.('f-c:CY'-UY';£),.;.::-?J'L? (;)jl:-:ji'Y'l.:!';;-~J~/J'LJ~:Jitf'x-..0JaG2..("-/U~11v - '(Y'..4r') (.::.-(..;::._ Ji~L L:c »--,

r

1.

E. Sreedharan, A Textbook of Historiography 500

Be to

AD 2000 (Hyderabad, India: Orient Longman, 2000).

t0V("'~..i.?r.(;)'~Jv.r[;,))..::.-~).v?(.)!)~~k"j? ~~/..::.::.tl)

(r

:v.r (a) Shahid Amin and Gautam Bhadra, 'Ranajit Guha: A Biographical

Sketch',

--

in David Arnold

t.._-

and David


Hardiman (eds.), Subaltern Studies VIII (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp.222-25. (b) 'Writing History' [Interview of Ranajit Guha to Badri Narayan], Biblio, November-December 2003. 3.

Ranajit Guha, 'Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in India (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983).

4.

Shahid Amin, 'Small Peasant Commodity Production and Rural Indebtedness: The Culture of Sugarcane in Eastern UP, c.1880-1920',

in Ranajit

Guha (ed.), Subaltern

Studies-I (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997). 5.

See, Shahid Amin, 'Approver's

Testimony,

Judicial

Discourse. The Case of Chouri Choura', in Ranajit Guha (ed.), Subaltern Studies V (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987). 6.

Shahid Amin, 'Gandhi as Mahatma: Gorakhpur District, Eastern UP, 1921-22', in Ranajit Guha (ed.), Subaltern Studies-III (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1984).

7.

Gyan Pandey, 'Peasant Revolt and Indian Nationalism: The Peasant Movement in Awadh, 1919-1922', in Ranajit Guha (ed.), Subaltern Studies-I, op.cit.

8.

David Arnold, 'Famine in Peasant Consciousness

and

Peasant Action: Madras, 1876-78', in Ranajit Guha (ed.), Subaltern Studies-Ill, op.cit. 9.

David Arnold, 'Touching the Body: Perspectives

on the

Indian Plague, 1896-1900', in Ranajit Guha (ed.), Subaltern Studies-V, op.cit. 10.

Dipesh Chakrabarty,

--

'Trade Unions in a Hierarchical

~I--


Culture: The Jute Workers of Calcutta, 1920-50', in Ranajit Guha (ed.), Subaltern Studies-III, op.cit. 11.

Sumit Sarkar, 'The Conditions and Nature of Subaltern Militancy: Bengal from Swadeshi to Non-cooperation, c.1905-22', in Ranajit Guha (ed.), ibid.

-- ~r--


S tf..} b.Jt·-~,

...lfy,ql"~ l;y'~O~ ~'(.J..t , J~J~r ... At (jv,;;'; t/

1;("

tlLuJ';;';.I,'u}LY-~,J.)o;Lu,:c)fJ..mv'~;;.::;_L'YLu~ij b.ll;S ?:c)f..J /1-:r r~, L (J.. _,lPv'·( I;J t.5/:JJ..tJ.I'{j b.ll; tf..}bA·S(jI.?~~("I;:(.,/~lP,.::.-W ..I(j'.l,,~i,I;J,..¢...k~-;(.,Ltf..} , '''' . , . _fJ..":-,,JIJ.lI;?-...;L1S~lP'.::.-1_fJ..m~.I?VI~I.lJ_v.r~J.. (.t1ui"':"""~I::.J)~J..~;IJLJ~lr- ).1,1J~lr-..J/.::;_I.I,Iv.rJr J1kIL.lI;1I,(g ~1_~.I.1,)'(jIJ'·.ItJ,(., _f,.J;iJ~lr-.I,ltJ;/.S":-,, ~(I;

.::J,vltltJ'Df.::;_J:_/L~j'((?'J..(jv,;;.;Jf1~'~'~J..m ,i,J!J. S ulr.;.I,I_i:..L.t1t{..Ilrl ~1,.1 Jk-"Jf..::;_tJJ~ rdlP? tJ}u,/. .::;_b.Jt·SJ/~~if~J..J.i:..;£.It.5/:JJ..L~b.lI;Jbd~'lfl-:f':1 ;11,.::.-}tJ) u,/.u.?u.?-i}J;tll.::.-1.1,)'dUZ::·I ~,J.)o;L t.5/:JtJ}~'.1 J..J._~L.t1~~(jIJ'·.I'(tJ;/.",J/'(":-"~.I'I~'((}(A(("~I;.t1 (j(;..!JJ!IJ..(j1-1y'('(/.fL .::.-1_fLLI,L~ i,)J.. ,,:-,,~,~u,/. ~ ~J~I.I,I J).ulr.;

LV; f- U1L.i( A n g lie

is t

S c h 0 0 I)

tJ} u,/.(Evangelical).t'~ ~i ~,J.)o;LVI_i:..tJ,(.,.::.hi(Utilitarian) L i,)L .::.-tlJ'•.I(jI_i) ~.I~Ji,)~_fL tJ;/. i,J!J. Jl.-!.I,'~.I~I L/~"'J(.,LJ.ltJ'.I.1i)I/d(.f/tJ}~'.IvfvfJ..mV'J.?'~ --~r'--


~lr,;-'~~(?uiU,/.~J~L~tL?)J~~'-'f-cC~L(~.._r u-'Jk-'"~J'u,;'~Lt' 0'.a?lr-)J,lJ L:1~ t;;( bA·J

~VJY.

rIU;bJ( ,;-'-=- bA·J uj~

L?uiu,/. ~)JJJcc:'L

-t.f-=..::.:;.~lr-uiu,/.

..:.-.:,f l.-::f VJi.".lv.=0{ bA' J r-/.~ l)) ~-=-U"?,:;..lA,.$' ( u;jJ~

u,A?~/",.:.d1J .

(Jonathanscott)..!.-(-,~t.?_)'~L~~'

d'"'L::'J (General Kirk Patrick)Jh J.!J 7(H en ry ..!.-)~·bu}',~

'~f lru',;ZI_..4O? L

J] bJt·",UiW, L ~

J) L J~",

~)'JJ.7.))fLJ~~?(U;)J'J~bJt·Lillt",¥LVensittart) r.:; J?/. ~ if. J!f"d..j~,~",

..::..;tj' J

(Warren Hastings)h

J"'JJ'J)A(Lu~-=-'_V,t £_~~\(o~UjpL...£''''A '1.!L-=-bJt· ~",:",J,J)t"L';;'Jv'-=-~J

~'?'y'JU:ib)t"-1!)~lr-)J'

Lb)t"

..!.-/.,)(tjJ'~;£b)t"J~vJy.L?uiU,/.-'f-J~UJ.::.0'U~1) ~u,/. ~'J-=-

~VJ.kz ~

1"'" '1q-=-,-'f- t"~~ ((Robert Orme)U)J'

(1'IA·I)~~JLt'~J",~A(v' lf0~ i)y'~~lr~ (~~I":'-':'p.

LL~

J~t:l-u(/v.=cr;J",U,;'~JUJ~Ji~~vJy.Lvl_~)J.?y'....G' A History of the Military Transactions of the British ~UJk Historical Fragments of the )JlNation in Indostan (1763-1781) Mugal Empire of the Maratoes of the English Concern in -V,tlndostanfrom

J~JJ)A( Lif.u/.I...ff"k;

1659

.::.:!~J.I~":f)t: ~ U.v~J)~1

J~LL:t'~lr-I?'J ~L::'", J..IPL U~ ~J (Enl ightenment) vAy'", .lJ1r.:;'/1(v'", b)t" !:_~J)J)",.::.:!~J)J~~~'''::'';)y'",

u:i

JJ~";'J.J.K,-=-b)t")J'u~))}u....z;Jt.f.'),L~"u;jJ~u.r-:liJ'JL.t1 --

~("--


,.;:2!! D.Jt·.f.~J}U,./,

).f.Y";:

l:)VJy'l:)IJ'.J,..,I)~_L I~V";: ':;;.Jr'

£1'":(I~f~J}u,./,";:m(./ff0'~.JJffY.)f;f;fJ!~~;£.Ju,j)J!

?- ~J! C=~";:"-.J~LL)~.JJf~Ly.L(p,;";: .::)~J~J.itJ~...£.J,p J}~J.J~':::-.::)~J~J.i.JJf~J'..::/f)J.Jt·Jl:)vJy'L)~Ll:)f_~ '.:;;hfJ.J,.f~U:J.JJfV~uY.:::-J~(

?- Lfo(./fL j J J~f

,,:,,",)fJl:)~) J l:)VJY.LL).,ff_lIf J~

~--?-J)~jJ!..J)J.!LuYL

J! ~~f

dfj.JJf L);!J.:;;fj

J (Indologist) ~}J~I'.~

(r. J

~,:::-l:)VJy'

)~I(((~(./f.JJfJJ',,/J,,:,,",)fJ~J.i'~J,D.Jt·Jl:)vJy.LL).,ff

LL).,ff.JJf~.Jl:)IJ'.J(?-!/I,,:,,",)f.JJf.::)~J~J.iJl:)vJy'L)~Ll:)f.JJ ~ 7-.J)

JIr (j (;:f?-

L L)~VJY.J.t)~)

jVJY.

fL( ...£L)~

lJ.t)~)J}u,./,?-

(.JYftffo~~vLJ~J}~J.J(./f

LL)i)U,./,

lIfL1~t.lviJ!'::»f"",";:L)~).J}.JJfGfW(Y.J'.::)Ct

l:)~fJdf";:JJ£

1~?/~~f~fZ~.JJft"~.{iJjL':;;.Jlf;f,JlrV(JL?.Jr'~t o

~

(

".".

b

/_

.'

J

.r

,,--(j.JV 1.> ..::,d7()J)~u.:-f)LJ.JhJ.Ji";:~U,./, ~jJ(./f,..J7-~u;. l:).JfJJ.7.).JI Ll:)vJy./~tJI.>Ll:)IJ.;,.1 p./ .JhjJf,-,"~'/' "t

,.;:c' ?.JJf,,:,,",)fJl:) pL l:)VJY..JJ'A~ (l:)P tJ) ~f.f. -(j.JVI.>..!% 17J ~) J l:)VJY.";: (ff'::'AO_ff.::..::.r)..::/fm,::-f L (./flIf c£ u,j)

h

if~

J)L.N{L (./f-h)fJ(p,'l./L)J;:"~J:P";:"-.J~LGfJ.JJ(Y.J.JJfd fj,D.Jt" ~f.JJf

(William Jones).:i.f. ~Jf.f. v.r JI.>L ..:.?L)hIiJ?

.JJ!" L)}pS.:::-f hIl:)VJY.,-,"ff'::'M'.:i.f.~Jv.r(Charles Wilkins);AJ l:)~).:;;YL Jf.) Il:)VJY.v.r l5".J~.JJf~/'J_,JU,f,jti,jv.f?lJJ"'1.> ':::-"':".J/~_,,;L~J_hf?.:::-~Jfi~Luf/'":(l~f.JJfJ~)";:~ J~..JI~VY....f~f.{J"f}Jhl:).JfJL(./f";:ff'::'Af"_~.J,:.-!fJ&~

L v.J.:::-l:)fY LAsi~tick Research':::-"-.Jf)f(./f";:f f'::'AA_J;)~ J

--~o--


...{0!'-~)iJj/u.t.:"~J¥?

.:::...",:",)IJb_.d:-Sl:)V'Jp.Lif-IYl.,I..1.1I{

(iVY

h.rZ;S",:",)IJ_;rL ~4~J~LvILYl(.';L",:",)I.,::.,r.:::... _;JI()Llo I{~~I

~10-' _,AJJ;~_IYl [,J;,_.L.-L.-I{ "::'-y(;1 ~AJ)_;JIIiJ;

JJ1-~"?';v! J:(__f,I{'~ .,::.,y"Lvl c:C~if

J'~I{.:i? ~J /

!):?j)IJ£_;~).:::....,::.,r

(Henry Thomas Colebrooke)"';;~/

if!)

I{.,::.,Y v! [1{~h;... _;_;'L(Wellesley)J;bJ..1.)_;f .:::...Iv!.,11\"-7-

.:::...l:)V'JP. Lif-~)y. S (i Vy...{0!IJI_;L v1v! ..11\rr-_0?-~J{ I{~JLL-v!,,-_;~L-£;A' 7Ll:)V'Jp.-~)iJj/u.t.:"~~~? .:::...1-(p.y.L7.:::...~S(Alexander v!.,II\". j-7-

.J1v!

Cunningham)(:

t"~C~.:::... .::...;;?S_;I{ J.:lfL"-J/~}0

.,::.,~?.:::...-£;_;I;' 7L vl_V~?-~I.I./

Sc?:)p-~

_;JIl?ISJ~I,£,C:{Pl?I.J1J(;v!l:)I_;1;'

-

'",:",)1 ~)v!

..lL.,::.,~

_;~P-I(I{

7L l:)V'Jp' I{~)_;I;' 7~.:::...1

7LIJLYl"::;'L_;)_;JIU~ "

J~I/.::.01 S zd_ UvL~~J

A

J~I.::.0Iv! ~ J_;t"S~UvL~)Juj-_;JI_;1;'7 J_;t",.,::.,U,#:.,::.,I:(_JV') 2..vL~)--t_;jL~?l:)UYl"";A~:;,~~)~v,.(7-c:C~~JIJYl

!~~-fi

.::.;!~J_;=-J~v! Ur-:J?(I S ~).:::...I_;JI J 72...v

Sl:)V'JP. S l:)V'JP'~,j 7- vi? (j.:::...mJlk, IL_;IZ;IJ} u,.I."";/l:)I!._;k!: L7-_;h iJj.,::.,cl!._;J(..L.,::.,1JiJ>v!"-_;~L ~~J"::;'~J "';-CJ?,b_;r .::.;!~J_;~k--~~S~-fiL ~J}U,.I. ~IJ.:::...J_;{jb_;r0-''':::;Jvl ..:...._;~I"':;J~ (C U~() -fi v! ~ l:)1-v! (j_;)A/I I{=J_;k!: -7- c:C~if 0-'J?~

.:::...1-7-IS"(MountstuartElphinston)~

if':::"'''::;'~Jb_;t"Sl:)V'JP.~7-J1Ji....((;:S~J_;J_;~'v!!iSv'--?;' k!: -=-c)~1l:)1L( Jam e s Mill) J viJ ~J~I_;) -7- U~() J~ J '.5!J. S vl_;JI_;~I{)r./ b_;rSl:)V'JP.?'!);C 11'I{.,::.,~ (Utilitarian) --

~'f--


History of

'";-'LJJ ~-~if.7

?-LJ;J';lP./JJJ)/..::.-~JJ.lu-J?

Li./J'JJi.)J;;JJ1e~v!rJt\("J'Hindu

and Muhammadan India

~-V.a?L--LJJ).K1JpJ){~Uv(J'~jVJP'_iL~~;v!0l.Y')JJJP. J'.f;}~A.J;"';;J)~J?if~'J~L~v!~i./JLJ?L ~VJp.L U?''f- c:C~VJ~

JJj)JJJ)~ji..J)JbJt·0'JhJJJ(;~J

_~lJ}J~btoJ(;~.;(r.JJ{J)JJ~J 'JVv! 4-lPL~

~ .::.i~J)v!JiJJLJ.k"v.:r:;)JJ v.:riJ

? ~(CAnglicistSchool)~l;-!JJ!J

~lf·) VlJLJ1)J;;J/J./JJ(J'U~1i

~LfJ'~..:%J~J,J).v!~i./I_~J(;(J;/.~J;J.JJJ..::.-~JJ.)<)IJ.!J}u,/. L~J)JJLJ~'J)J~(IiLJJ£)(Evengelical)..::.-~(f.'jJL-!)JJ J)~J~

... ,,;;;;_)}J~_L'::_)J1;J;;J/JJ'"./UiJ)L~J}u,/...::.-tlf.) " , ~ "

.;:_J'J.Jk~viJ{JJ}~J)J/.;:_..::.-~JJj)JJb)toJJ/.;:_J~){/..;:_..::.-tlf.) v!)JJi./J t.fUi.

-~viJvJ(;A; J/v! if.~to'!d::_)JJL

J.L--.;:_ Uflt,JlPL ~

..:%/./.

J}u,/. )JJ~ If;:~J ..: ..·Y"J)JJ~ JJ)J}u,/.

'Jvvf.;:_~i./I?J(..::...;;?..;i(J..If)JJ J;/.LtJv!~J_LLLJ1~JJ) . . -~~a>y.

JI,gLJ0'...fi.;

)}JJ~

J).)JJ(Radicals)~ LfJ,~ ..:%J~J

:J.UvL0/JJ/_L

Ji./JJ.L--~ (f.'j'J1(,51·mJ},)JJ~f ~~,;.»~

..:%J~J

JI,gJ..:;..::'iJ...f";:;'JvJ;&J/_'f-..:%J~JJi./J)h-v(~~ J (.)fl'-)IJJ?)JJJ1";P'~~ 'Jj,'J1..1.r)I('J...f~. ~, r~A~'f-~jJ1~4ji~J~J~.!~JJ)JJ.!(V~ L}~JuJ)IJJJ)V)JJ~J~r~4~)JJ-'f-~~J.!

-

~-~fJ1~)j

,

--

i-i---


=J)":;'/J)0L...iI)JI~~LIJL~tdji,}!~)J/'~..:%)~1 £(;: ~y.)JIbUzJlfur-:J?( v(j/J)i,}!4-lPL-=-,J?J/OJ_.i.;c;.~

~If t:J)I),..,.jLt')Jll£)t.ff-=-,J?jvJkzLu~Ii,}!)~UI)JI.i.'f-) J~i,}!~;lrJ;:JI':; ~J;._ff,r;;lrjVJkz)JI-J-b1~.::}lf.J..:/I) bJt·_~I~vi,}!,,:,-)YJ..:.-(.,~IJ)I)IJdu£:·'J..:/f)JI~2·(vl-t..1) " . " J.b~J5J~7?-'f-(JamesMill)J~~_,v''I)(1(0~·)VIi,}!t}..i 0'_';)JI ~1v:1v'vJkz~vrf'~=-!IJ~~~I~I~J_~Jlj((j;-I.uk--)JI ;o)~)f?,~ ~ L.(jib'Lvl_~ r£.;:..fIJ~0PdlP(j/J)lfl U)~OJ 1t\I"-Ly. L):L.A.i.~~)J.!-)i)0;IJIUJ)I)~4L~~I~1 f

History of British ~cr;.-j6~~6{bJt·J0VJkz~UJk{i,)!

6~~0'YLlndia

~;flf~I;;_.;(;if_;J7vIL:i? ~Ji,}!V')J'Jy.

)~1,=-1~;lrjvJkz ....f):iLvl_~?y..:.-~IJ) ~IJ -=-,J.(i,}! UJJkz LU}Y;-I.~~)JI)(;:()y....f""IJUJ~f,/L~",,'JUJ~)I~~

~kz)JIJ~(j~..:%lwJlb)r~)JUJJkzi,}!~VLtILvq);'.{) (lj)I?~;;dJWJII)lF.lf~U:jLvlf'f-~~~-V'u~vfct/ 'f-?i,}!)IJ)IJJb)rJ0vJkz~y7u~V._ffJ~vSJ~ ~-V' J)J1k1i,}! if. 1?d/._ff=-'f-)J)(jiU,-I.)JI-=-,J.(~-=-,J.(Jkzf? Jt.f#~--!~J?Lb)r~r?:r'-'f-lfV'..::.5t;;~LlyU:j£IJ)1 ='- /J)~)vil»IJ-=-,J?~~Jkz{' )}~ t.f~ 0VJkz,-){ _f£t -tJlvv:1u£~{' )J)(jiu,-I.:;1 ~LlyU:jr?"J;IJ)IJ)~;'f b)r~~)Jlb)rSJ';4,b)r~;u:'i,}! Ui.VJp.~b)rJ0vJkz~;' ~?'f-?0'J=:;L~l£)vrf''f-j7Jir?j'b)r~LIYL..:.-tIPL .:;,f.i,}!u~du£:·'J"L,.;u,/.f History of British India_1SLJ " ~~I~I)JIJ!Y.v?~I~~JVI...frlt\O"-~rlt\It\-JY.J*'(.,JI.{{ --

'-1\--


~if.0'.IJ~V:,,;-,()J.:;L(Haileybury)U~&~J.:;Lrt;jJ,L ~JJfui-(y.V'/~..IPvrJS~JIU}U..I.(~LvJJ~f-c:C~0;1;:1 J?L"::;Jvl.lJIJ.(jy~L~~(r~Jiu}Ib.l.,.;J;V:'-.I~L~vJ.kz

-~v(y~~l?·.IuJ ~(p.y.

L rf.:.cIJ.lSJ~Lif.

tl./y'u~l)!/JJJ(..~~J~I~Ji

"'":;'~J,"=",#J.kz u.:"'ul(- L J~ f,_f-(Henry Elliot)..;..JIU;Z ~J ",b.;t·S/-",.I. L..;..JI-",..:Yf.lJJ~ul(-L..;..Jljif-J ~~uY;JV

IJi

,,;-,1f.',JjJ,HS-=-U.~J.;t·Lth4(~~~VI.lJ'~v:i,,;-,~~(j~Jf

.I(

J.),

~

History

VI

v: if. f-

Y",

':-J -:-:?; Lf (.1; L VI .IJI

v: UJ)r..arr,,;-,1f·'~~";-'J,J.lt-L th4_~.I(Dowson)(;(Jlj

~IyL(f',t\~~_f"t\

'1~) of India as Told by its Own Historians

~Ji~..;..JI~U,P£{...;z~-=-u.#:JI,,;-,~j.lt,;iL,,;-,C(Iy.t~~

fUJk: ~L.lJJ~,.{ f- S~fLv'

~f- t-lJit'JCY.J(.. ~.:.cJ~1 V:J..IPL.lJJ~,.{t-fuiJVSu}~",UJJ.kz0'.a?(r.lJI,-fu~l).h(.,! l.('.::)/.~ .. LIPLm~~I.lJI.£(.. ~ ....ifJ(..lfu~}S ..:Yfmu} u,.I.

v:

vIJ(..L.::..:;'iI.lA ..(.L';-IV:(',..,J(jy~";-'JIJ.lt-vl"{~r;,f(j/.~..;..JI_L~ ~(.I;u:c)i~ILz.t.~~

!!.-(,-Jl~~~~.,::.f~.IA::.fSUJ.lIJIL

U.,fIUi.IJli:;£.Iv:i..:;..:fIJ~ ~~hf.l~? 0JlVI~ -=-YL ~y'~1 vl_~~.1~~I;;Jv:1I..;..JI? VJJ£~J~~ -?:f,,;-,If·,Lz. t..IJI(.,; L -V./~f~y'.IJI?u}U..l.LL..;..JI~.I~1 ~_?(Evangelical)~;V:mV'.a?(rL~~JJ)..IJ'~J~' ~J~;_~Y",

:c?J~;~JV~-~J(.. ~U;.I.(.f!J, J~,.{? ~J?

jVJ.kzLU.,fI.lJli:~V:mL~.I..l.J(f~VJ.kzJf~[;)SUJ~ ~~ ...fIf,-~I;;,.;~~~UJf(LV'.IJI":yJ.kz ~ ~~ --

~q--

':;;'~J,"=",#


J..f~

lS'JL--0ilr Vf~jf~~f t.f~;1r j(;:"''jPi,..(.i. zt::~ ..::..;:)~f ._f)YL0f .!!'-f-cCJ1L)J}...::.;f~l.;;f._f)YL~;'_,if-fJ1--!~j f~ J U)..::.-l(.;::_ j,UzJf~jf U{ (tp,jffuflLsvjPi--! ~u: tf."t.f..::.;f~ :ur~:! LJ1 z._J;ft./ ~iLf~..::..;:) ~f..::?1~ f~_1 4 • ..::.-~tC>f~~.;::_ I:[?~..::..;:)~f~jfJ),~;~~u,./, .;» t.f~J J..fL U~Uij)~ 0VjPi t:!-.i.;£~ .::CJ1l{dL..::..;:~PflS'iu,./"..::.-f)(p J~lf~jf? u-.l? .!!"'_.i. L

..

'"1.

L vf_f-(Charles Grant)"';;f! u:,~~_.v;li(if ~0l3'·~~; vt ~./ ..::.-f .... ~ ~ ~ ...A L 0VjPi L vf ? L/. L j,}> ..

'"1'

Observations t.f0vjPi ~

on the State of Society among the Asiatic

vf _LJ1

ei,;.;::_ 0fP'LSubjects

of Great Britain

~0VjPit.f(lJZi~L~jftf."t.f..::.;f~.a?L--L~~~fJ~jf..::)l;$j~.l?

t.fr-./, ~}if. L?

lS'iu,./,J~L

-f-VV'tfjf~f 0(;...!)~;~jf~ ..::..;:)~f

~JiL..::.-1~PflS'iU,'/'Lvft"'/'dL..::.-1~j)'(.)~·f~jfJ~~ffb~t" jJjJ.?f~jf~j..::,.,-'k--'..::.-;lrj~J'0?J(~L"':(4.~jf-1))~jff lS'YJ..y..:f{if.-Vk-')f'{~}L~._ffflS';'/'{J/.;::_~P~U-J1 ~jfU;./,jJJ'",::",~iL(ff"qq)~i.'(J) r~~JiL._G\r';~~;_J~jfjfL f':)v~jf4jL..::..;:~Pf)Jf;lS'~f) .....jJ' ~~fj~;;t.f(fjflS'/j){Vf -1)) t.fuj~0f

L~._ffL?

lS'iu,./,~j~L ~Y

J~~) J>

--?/D~t"t.fu j~0f_IJJ1lS'~ .ft.f0fULf:"'(JuJ)~ D~t" jfi~~vfJ).),.;::_~_jjj~~~~jfJkflS'~o/-'..::.-1fjp~)fJ~t"(.)~L UJ{f"::;jL)

--

t\+--


~kli~v....;'J-./t'JIr~~I-JJ(ijJ\)~lr-;~...J)J..::/fv.fi A Historyof the ~UJ)rJJJ (Mark ;A~~'AJ,fm

(JamesGrant Duff)...Jj...!)IJ~

J(Hamilton)~'(rlAn)Marathas

(Joseph Devy (- tJi)...JJ?,History of MysoreJ wilkes) The J (OlafCaroe)J/ ...;JJI,History of the SikhsJ Cunningham)

J (James Tod)j}~,)JlNative StatesJ (Malleson)~Pathans ~)'J(rlArr_rlMq)Annalsand Antiquitiesof Rajasthan"":,,C).;?

-IA

.

J~-h.!.,~Iv..~VJfrz~YtJ}'JU:,-,I~J~L~6./t'JIr~ " J~._fIv.. ~vl_L?-lf

.:..tJ~~

tJ!},?-'L U;bY;l::-Itf 6./rJUKJ/

Lur. L}\!..}f.:..~~I;

L~IJv..

if.~~:s~y

./jLif.

on ~liveLL~_V

VY(tJAJ i,y,:zJ) ;~)~IPltJ}U,/."v..

~ft((E.T.Stokes)if;--,JtJ,~ (./1_'7- VV J;~ ./}LJ/-i._flfi t( -'7- r.!0'_t(;i0k"l;. ~j./(~ Li,y! ~1.5/JJJ( v.i0'~ L~...J/"

~J. UvLif;--'

LtJ./'{jilYf6./1:'0~vJfrz LYt 2f:fd' j~}iLL

t=~v..~./~ L if~...J/"(I!d.../;,r;L~YI_f_,[ V J;.!lr. ~J';"'./j

.

tJ;JI?L;£./tJJJ~JUu!;::_I.>v..~AL.:..~~I~JJ(LZ:.....I.>v.i ... ... ,~ ./}tJJljlf v-fl;;./JIv-f.!J;J~0./1J.!

fUJ./(p,JL6./t' (.;)~Ijl~ (

-1"""

()'-r" ~

1_

_.;- I""

cz: ~Ir

tJ}u,/.;~JVf?~Yte~..;'

Ir-

._

_I -IA ~-1'

pvtl)IdLif.Vt,J;)J.-(~l(I

4....J/"~ u! vtl¢'I~Iv!u!~./~ ju!Rulers

..)

~ The Rulers of India L r i-J

L J_tJ./JIU.t.:~(J.j0?

of India SeriesL~~J.v!?

~U}~jVJfrz

-lil.>v../(;:'L./IJ.!jVJfrz./JIY ., . ..}ifU.t.:Ir'(tJ}U,/.v..~VJfrz./JI£.£ ..

.....;1.>J:lf~ytJ}U,/.tfL.:..wlJJ.:..tJl.>(f(...,Lu!JvJLtJk"vril . . ... .. .. --

/\1--


-:>io)V~~S~YL/'if.g_UhV?J}(b.l.t.fv..;'>Pv''f-:>P "::'-.J.,...,SU£-c:r:A.!.,w.:.._;j:!J;.JJ.Jj~v,_g_"::'-~'JLf'AO~oJSJ*'(&, . .

.._;j:!v../v'_lfS?ISL~j~J'/J-:-,~'L;;'Jv'v..if.hjv.. ,u!u~(;SJi' JJ:'-:"'!"~v'...[)YL~:LI1~J.jg_f-.J~)L'.J~'»' U}'Yk--.JJ,(),j/~~;...[)YL£0J,VS~;...[)YL;'>P~; Lv..~;lrL'..cLU?u!Ub'h~S(Radicals)~L('...[)YL .JJ'rRedPamphle~S~v../v,J(&,_,0 ~ -'fj~~~)~~(Uii _V1("The Historyof theSepoy WarSLfJ(j~ Lv'f- (?zfJ(tU1V...f!v..pL~YL?J}(b.l. S U}LY"L J~ -:>is~;J}(b.l. v.. if.~ Indian Musalmans ("...f!~)1-h)o.J?~JJ?v.. Ji'JS(j'viI.JJ,Jv)-!~S..:)(&,uf~ Annalsof .JJ'Rulersof IndiaL v' OJ~Lv'-f- J).;:S);::.!(~ ..;..)J(tU1v~~v..~"'J}(b.l.v..J~v.:y..':-~ RuralBengal Early History of f L..;'f ~ ~CJ (1)~ bA' S~.I. L V'.::..., ~ ?' ...,f,....,/...f!df-(f,qlq)Akbarthe GreatMughal .JJ"(flq·(")India Ji_.I;jJ. ~ vt.fu ~ L ?t~;'0'.JJ*'(&,..::.J>S -:-'CJ("" bA'S (jt/JY. J~ ~J,,;fJ.J..I(1~J.J ~v'-!~ SbA·S(jt/Jy." .J}iJ/~f- t'~ 1~ -.::...J(&,~ (Pragmatic) i..~"if.f- J/0'.t(;iSUJ.J~).._;j:!U:) bA'~'S ?~)I l:;'L..::.-tl$'.JJ.P,~..::.-~LL'JL~i)v..-:-,7.JJ'..::.-JJ(&,uk--LJ1 ~j~bA·v..~.J~'(j'~;,J)'~..:.c)~"~~~J.J"tJh}i_JJ't/, ..L~'';''''';;'.JJ'lfJ)_.?i_:(&,SbA·JG'~S(jt/Jy.dL~~iJut:·"vlf . .. .... SJ)(;i'YLJ1;£.JjJ~/~)S('IJ}(b.l._~'f~j~,,::,-~';'LJ{' v..uKJ/J.P,I,,~S~)Jfj~(LbA·L?,£~IJ'lfJ)-:>i-!~ --

t\r--


Jlv:: ,":,",J'J)t'~)? V"_ ~JiJjlo?'..::.-l?-li'"~~)J'~,..P U~ L~Y jVJ.kzA~)(J.-~)(;)L?·)-;~)J'u~li~ ~ it./.i t.f..; D)t'S~Y(;)L.Y')J'J.kz v:: JuSYlP)J'''::'-~_'';YJ'~d~r2...lr-

~'J:,J)J.~lr-

_f-c:C~L(Jf

'trq)'":.(f IVlr',-::" lYl.::)r$O)IJI:)J1 jJ),jhJ):(1../1../ Hitoriography

and Historians

of Modern

C

'.I'J~~ ~I

_I

_r

1.'Y'(flq"'t,)_AP!fI:J'J)I~dia A Text Book of Historiography:

500 BC to '(;).I'J()/()I

_,...

Ir")'":.(fr•••'~....(}~)JI:J'J{j)AD2000

,:.:..~,.~-\(,/J:Jt.()}u,/, J(k:I~(;)VJ;;';L if';m',J1iJ '(f1q"0'JJJ;:wl

J; :J'J (j)C..;:;)~~,~YL

frf)'":.(ffqq.,J(;)h:"::'c?)(nJf'A

,...,,& _O

n't,)'":. jJ~Jfi(;).I'J()/

_ 't

,..."'t)'":. jJ~JfiJliJ

_.:.

r'·,y,jJ~Jfi(;).I'J()/

_"

,~Li/1')~ ~ ,{li

r')'":.(f fq"':"VJ~~j;.::J'J{j)lndian

~J)

_

q

History

of India as Told by its own d'JfL~"'~I~J

..::,.~ (f1q.:.q,)''-!/...( JlYl

_r'

if';mjvJ;;';

History of India,i:;IJK{

Communalism and the Writings on

History

v'1;-

_I·

:JYijJ)('J..:,..f~1,J,I)r,Historians XXVII-XVI

XXV)'":.L:.:!'

--

t\t"--

_If


Ancient

Indian

Social

History:

Some

,/1) 4:;J./ \"

_Ir

("y,(ylqA~,,,;/..._{h:~-1../JI:J'Jd)Interpretations Hitoriography Past and ,'Orientalism and History"~~I./ .~

.:;.;IJ./

:J'J d)

,(~/)

J,j.li' ,~~L .:;.;/,p res en t

~

'H¡Yc'(yr..

o,;!

-The Administrators and Historical Writing',ifrIJJI

,(_..;: /)~ tl i.f,Historians

_Ir'

_1("

of India, Pakistan and Ceylon

r'AOy,(ylq'1~,V:!{JJ..r.:i;./;JI:(;)..J) r~rY~I"Writings

--

on the Mutiny"~~'v:!'

t\f"'--

_10


7-lJ';;IJ...fI(~..£.~~'~z{-v.1U£~b.;t·(~CJ~IL..!.-.l~JJJ

(~.)J/~',;-'LJ7-uifj...fl''':;;JL(~(;))...fI(;)'mL..£.,,,{

U.l)l;(uy.J.;'-.l~,JJ1JljJ(;)L-f~(;,I~J;lrUt,L;,.{L(LJ1LlJ'J

~?~J7-.lJI(.;i..Lf)U;;z!

z!~I,~).I~/~.lJI,-j~

.lJIL(~J~LJ7-~7-i..LbA·:,:.JJ1v.1JljJ4j(fvlj(;,lff -VJ1..JJr~LI.lJ.l.I~~ WorldCrisis",:",CJJ~{~'-.l~L~

-f~~v}lfl

L(Lvl'~-:>.I(;f)JU}u,'/''':;;Jvl.? '.I;J~, LJ1 L.hft-t.v1iJ 1.1~ -~, .... l). )JJZ(;)IY(vCf,~ ~~,.{ ,.t.I',_CJt~,-.I ~~IL ~ .

.

",:",1.?~~2!u/iIY~~";"'I~IU£...hJjl,.{7-I;J1I~:,JIY

,:-)..::.?J.lI;~I.lJILAjl!I/~~I:~:,~,~Jl~d'hj~.?~ ,Jv.1>'~b.lr(~d.fi..LL.I",:",~+-lu;tJluJ}.;4-I,i..L ~ J?"v.rI~Ji~~':-1.lJIt.l~u:ft~,t.l(;)~.:.J?J.::,..b1IJ,jU ~ LU,JIJ;£ ~";"'I~.I}j)IjI'J1,.;tIJ'::"'~U.I?,.{I;,t.l./;(~I~~'~ .lJI.:...-;),U'),.{j") '7- '(;j;.?,~ 7-.l._[;~ U;)L--'~ J U~.?

_t.l..:..:b'/U'l;f"+-.lJI~"~I.lj")lujiJ(;)I",:",I,~JU~ '.I( J'~)I ,/~ ~ (;)I,~ LJ1 )Ijl L (/7 LIJ;£ ~ ";"'1 --

AO--


~-:-,(?()'_~LIJ£~~::_S;:;(~U(uSJIJ7-J.;',uf/.~IYk-Uf-:~r~J7-J.;'~JIU~'UIYk--~~}J(;'i-r:y.~vJ.:~rJ~1

Jif,J;iL.,::..Ij~I/"::"~lm''i-Jy.~I'JvJ.,::..Ij~IU~L~lju.!2! ~~i./I_'i-r:Y.0'(./;(i./I"Y../I~"::,,ljJ~I(JY~J"::"V~'u.!;£J~

L~I'u.! Ly."::"~J"»~ ~~~~ L~J~,JfJ"::"~IJU~ L~I ~JI''i-J~JJf..:;;r.:?~ ~I,'i- r:~Jf~vif,'i- r:~\fJf (1"::"~IJu~ ~1~~~ji./I'J_Lr./;fI"::"ljJ~I~if.,.('i-r:~\f~~~)vl/~1

r:./...£.-'O'i./I~,r:./vi~}j~/uyJJ~uPIJJ~~I'J_'i-r:./w(.,::..1j .,::..v~,JY~'LU::;-I~LIYL.,::..Ij_*,.;~~/.,::..IjJi./lu~,.('i_.::_tJ~Jlj/"::"~IJ~'J,.(.::_r:y.,..,;:·(LJ/"::"~IMI , .. , .. . .. ~J.:~r?~J~J,Ej~,.('i-J~~i./ILU}IJ"::"~~JIU}f"" 'J''i- L1~D-k .a?lr-L/,Ej~ (~I)I_(_,.(t'iJY.~PIJG' ...£.-'O'J,J 'L~ ~JILw,I~ UJJ~~I'J''i-tJJf jJp(£'.::.-f. ~ 0'.a?lrJ;'i- c:£J~ £'.::.-f. r:y.~~£,?~~jjJ1''i-L1~D-k~J'::''~IJ,Ej~~)i./I''i-L1~r./Jff;

,.(L'Y~'J,.( 'i- r:y.((~ --0~LLi~'"

~'i-~P'J G'...£.-'O'~J''i-JI7...£.-'O'vS'JI,~,.;Jlr'...£.-'O'if ., ,.

~JI.::_ , r:~ ...Lf~k.a?lr-L~/';;IJ~~~ ..

.

.

UPIJJL._.;:,.(.::_,.., .. , .. t'y..

5(

,..,,.(.::_ .. , t'~..l)./~,..,_(_,(,.::_ .. ,. r:~d-';;IJ b~r:'JjL~...Lfvi&/i./I/I ~Ji./I VIJ~ Jly.,t{t}'_;;'JJ(;~~~''f-l.£Ju/

,

r..r'f-.::Lvlf _;;'J

W'\f~~/i./I..c"::"J~J~I,~~~~~Li./I~Uj}d=Li./I~'~J?'" J i./I?'i- r:y.c~~~ J el~j~ /JJLL ~~ ~u(_'iJf~ i./' J~U::Juy.,.;el~j~;';~~/JJ/I~,u.! L;;~~I~'u.! L./~"'; _.::_, c:d~ ~L.7? I~ ~J~JuPIJJ~~JIu~~r\f~WJI'i-r:Y.I~~JIJIY--0u~ --

A'f--


i.:0I...f1J(;)I~'f-c:c:~~J~j'J'~ J_t;v..-=--iJ~d-~J2...vl,.:::_.t-J1""p...{Ji([:.,bj~J;;.:::_.u);JL , .. , .. c-~VI''f-rdh~I~Jfuiw-=--'J~~JI'[:.,lw(J'-=--~IJ~Jvl''f-t-~I '»' .:::_. J Vi_.:::_. i(-=--iJ~~JI":':;J': , t-J1IJ1 ..LrJj'~ i(v'v..-=--U , t-J1~pl) ~ -'f-(juv..££tLI.fIc-~UvLvl JJ1dLu~~L":':;J~JI-=--~J?JJ~fI'~JJ'~~/JJ Jvl,.:::_.J'~tf_.l,~JJ'~2...vl,:;:_~jJ1~IIJJ'~v..-=--iJ~d,.(. J~JJjJ.*JJ'~_;z...fIc-uJ(;)I,.{J['v.rJ;;JI~IJ.f(I~U~"':( Iv.. -'f- t-~V'2fvlA~Jlc'fL.f~/.c~fJ'~~~~{J~JU?IJJ~~Jlub"':('i~y'J-' ~JI~J;;IJVIAc'f-t-~~ J~J-=--Jltf-=--wIJv..~} b~t-,.{.t.v.r?-~ 0.:"':( L'f- r~V'~ififj;i ~L..I~...fIv..~~~Lvl~JI'f-t-~~j i(_';:. v.!c- _JJ ~\ -=--u...fI t/fJ'~= ''f- b1~~JIJi(b~t-v..,J.lPL LJ1 &~J~I_A,."'v..Vic.:::_. ~ ~:I~i((;)Iv..)~L-=--iJ~,J. .a: (fS JJ1i~~...fI i(b~t-=c-~vl_'f- t-J1", J~J ()~dt.!: j i(-=--Wlwl,v. -'f-t-J1~I.fI~~I/i(~}b~t-j;'fJ Vlv..-=--~~v'iJ..fJ~t.ff()Jljv..~JIJL 0.:"':( I (f, iJIJ2!~JI''f-J~~c-~;~IJ/'~b~t-i...fl()JIL'f-J~J~~JV~JI~ JJ1J.::r.t} JUUVIj=fI-'f- t-.f(;)~f-=--~j~JI-=--wIJLu}J(1 ~';J~fi ~I..i(,.-L ":':;J",:",IJ-'c'fr£viJI~1Jf i(LI.f ~~f(;)lciJIJ2!~Jlcv (,L":':;J ~Iv.. (;)1f,vtJ.::r.t} JIj?,.( u.rJI ~(,.-uV'j J .fJPlv:il?_.,I~Jlc~~J~t-J(;)I2...vlc.:::_.ifll(;)(r.f-=--wIJ ... , .... .. -v.* .:::_.~(p,y.f~JIJLb~t-L , ~d~~JI~JI'J.bu.r LJ1L~J-=--(.;~YLuiJlj~Jlcub"':( I

,-;/;'0.:",:(

1,.('f-=._fx;Lu}~y

I..

,

-:..

I..

I.

,

Un

--

1\'---


.I;t,,/f~J,4,)l' LY<.::,),*.,,;yL";;;!}JJf~d~'J.'n./. u;b_ j d-(fL-~-0. L/~SbA·J)'

S ~r-~y ~.IJL~f'0."L-:Y<v:1~;~

t,,/fv!t,,/f_'f-:AUiir.~? b"U?fJJkSI~~J~~;f.St,,/fv!

b.;t·

''f- (¢O'J~ b".:;.,~;-J.bA:.L~b\f ~L ~f~(;'U-v'Uj)!'~f~(;~L S':;".I!~\'-0. L.,;;;!}Ij}~?0. r£. j Jf.:;.,~fJ(fk--v!~~Lif.

U'_;-'f-v:f;f-;b"ljJ':;")~JJJfJ"'fJ.1:v!if.,.{'f-~VfJSA/t,,/fj~; z.r UJv! J~;SUfl(~?,.{ 0. .:;.,iJ~~J,J. ''f- ..:/;J~~U'~v! t,,/f -0. A/';-f()tJ,J.?"...fIv!if.'f-~~f}fFf-;'Sl{D1fi?~)(ff J-t 4;-J.lLUflv! if.,.{ JjDrS Uiir.';:::_.I}J'(;''f-~.Ia61.:;.,~fJL -'f-~.=;b"~))}L~f.lA:8JSUfl.;:::_.:;.,~fJLJ~;~/;J.I'r£.

r

"=" . j S/.~-0.u{;~"=,,. ~fL/ULf..IJf/.~.;:::_v!UY<~)~~ .

v!t,,/f''f-V'~~.IfJ,.:..-I.:;.,~fJLt,,/f,.fJ('f-r~VJfIj/fj/'U/.~J)j'J.: f-Jl(. b"~~.IJf J)y'2!},t}{?v! J)jS t,,/f_'f-J jf/.f~Ij.l? St,,/f -0.~~r"fb"b.lrU}JJ:.tv:1v!'ljJLf.J)j ~~{f~,J;)Lt"/f)Jf'Lf.lSt,,/f,~SLfJ;:L,.f;;U~,,=,,j ,.{'f-r~Vv!~ALIj)r.:J)j'0./uVJfu~,;"jJ?2_"t,,/f'0.Jf J?'~)(ff?,luJafL.lJf~J)j...flS/ULf.-'f-v:1JY<uVJ.;r.:=

~j/.IUl/fjS}<v!U'J~'LY<t.f:.7.;Ij~Ji.lJfJJ.lfLt,,/f'~f~JY< ,~fe~viI~J,.{rSfJfL(Stem)~/,fLlod".z ~ 1j.lIP. Sif.,r.f J..f(f;:~v! -.::/fS Jf~~v!_;u(ff-llj;l,.-~:,.{fY<..:.:~v!P! r.fV'~.iI-.::/f;)J.lfY2...L~~kv!if.,.{r.fV'~k.lJIIj/fjS ~I>. Jflj;l,.-~:jl v:11j/fjJ/S( t,,/,jVL..?f...c.l}Ij}-j-L~f~.tlJ -jy.r~l,.-L.::JJ --

t\t\--


..(,_'OJ~ t"J1Ul,; .., ,_, ~?~ ., .. Lt.5JvJ?J'I -'7-t"J1.,::...J(;..-J~~(J'IJ(L~0./{f.::"I)lP';-I'-./Lr

LU~JA·(;)I'

s-.»

~I))H Uf-; ,,::,,111' L U}_,? LU~; uf0J;/ ufu~./Jlu~IY~? LU;;'./JILo)J..J}(;;...b./t"?,.(LJ;!oJ=_v!

2:....1,Lh~I(;;...(;)ll,LZ:... IJ:~I,v! -: .. (-: IP-tf.::d'6'jlJ.fi~ .... ./jLu;t-:.. ...... -: l21v..b./t"fl;;..J(..,JJlh}~./jL.::..-tk2:....loJ_LZ:...lP-tll./~(;;...t.f~ . -:.... ... ... -: . _LZ:...IP-tl;;(lP.::..7JIr , ":

.

LJh./.t:./JI'U}_,?J.j'U}IYk--v..(;)I;f~":::;JJ'I,,:,~~~~

..hJ,.., ......u/(fb.Jt·0JJ'ILJ1Z:..../v.../I;oILU?,.(~v..d"j ... .. t , JJh (;;...U~'U_,:IY~ ",:-"""..hJ= v.. if,.(.vJ ..JJrv..~ Uf-;,,::,,1 U~"';" '=J~"( '7-='::"- ~J'(;-fI-vJ ~:C.::.c./"';:./A:""-Jylt _j(.., /( ';-1.::..-~I}I(Lifl;-(;;... UJ1~(Lih} L 1..1' 'vJ '7-./afJ;!/( L(;)I;f~J/[P-vJ'7-./£~UJ./I)'-4L(j~)j./JIU}_,?,U}IYk--;Lf

r-?~~I Jt'7- JI;(I}I~

'- /J)-flv.. (;)1,JJ2>~ ~I))h 0...}1

f~b'fJ')P./JIt.5./I~L£I~I~./JI'7-t.5./~,J.J..-(Lf(fb./r-'7-ui~ -'7-v..J~M0•.(?~L';-~v..b./t"L

b./t"Ul'-./In,u:1J/tJlJLf~f.::..-tkLuj}(;)I,.(~,..,~ , ..,.. . b./rfifl''7-~./~~v.. U~"';" 1(;)1£?LJ'I,vJ ./J/Jl?'.::..-hIJ./0~) f..:...y?[L(;)I./JIVVu:1tIJf.::..-I)~L(;)I,~!\!vi&'1(;)IJI,'7-~./~lP( -JL~J1b./r0(;)1;f~~jVVu:1~b'


LLJ;! ~ t,)J~J~({ t}..} bJt·

:,,,:,-,f_f- ~f~/~;f)~fJ.'!

~/t,).{;JJJf..::-lrl?f'..::-~~jLJf~J~L"::-~~Y'J.bJfk~'~k-Liffi)~t,)P'ljfc?t/'(bJt'fi)"::':;J-fI_f-JrL~J'(-;;IJ~f

v~

~) ()L ~J(,i' L ~1b'L t,)}JY',,:,-,fcrf',l..::.:; IbJJf..::--!J) '.Jf.z;f

Jy. u1v~

(j':-.JL(L ..::--!J))Jft,)JJ V<,[:,j.....; /..::.1Ib:,- v.t ~ 4'v.t Ly.v~Lt,)fl.JJfi.ff-Jf~t,)~).JJft,)bJif'7ljfc? '(Vf_(('f-

JJ;;,l;Jfj~~~L('(~t,)}lf.YJJf,t;ji1,tf,,:,-,fj/t,)R,J''(J

bJt-Lf?

~':-.J~L"::':;lbvfi.JY',,:,-,f2...vf,v.t LJ1.JV<Lt,)fl - vr t::,_.J':-).::4(j...{l/ t}..) H

,

H

?.JJff-fJ.? ,JJJ.: ,.;(;,Ijl/cm7'~.JI'(~~ b.Jt-....f,.;U-f' ~JbJt-'(t,)flljffi)CtJt-""~~uvLb.Jt-JJf,t::,_.J....;~J}L2. .. ,..

.

""jit::,_~L~Lf~JfL~~~t&/b.Jt-f~~ .., .. . .

Vfi f/(,.;;jiJt,)fllf_p

(l;)f~ ~JbJt"JJfv.r

. __f,u1~j/~ . f-J r~(~J=--Jf._hJ _t::,_ ,

bJt-, L b.Jt-J ..::-~j'~.JJf,bJt-J t,)jiJI~..::..-::'~~.JJ)

~)?Y'

J~fY.J};I..i; r.J.Jt" C[fJ./.?....f,,:,-,f lJ'.riIrL Vff-U).::4- (j -fI/ t}..)

.....Q.JJf,t,)~Vd,J/~Jj~~~if.":'-'),_f-VY.JL.Pf~/~ljf,g_L~i£ --

q._-


~Jv.JJ'I,./1L DA' jpA''f-~.JJJ'Y/U:}

D.Jt'~t,,(f'v.! J~V::V'fJ -~, J).*J..:;.,..YJ

0'..::.-~fJI:)f~/jJ ,..::.-~fjJJf:'f-..::..::'i10'/';YJ i../..()!.) D.Jt' _fLJJt'~~~*0'i.JYi../..~.J~LvfA.JJf'''::'-JLl2....L£",fJf .;::_Vi (j";.Jjf,'f- JJ1 uiJ~f..::..::'if0' D.Jt'~ L.lI:)~.JfJ,.;--/..::.-~fJ~ D)t'Lvf_'f-l:2J.I(fj..::.-L}vi../..~)~L6.Jt'~''f-t'J1f~.JrJ.Jt' -'f-J.JJ?(jJI:)~0'

&V.JJf"::'-~?J'",:""Vfi../.. ()!.)

(-j(J~)J~,!t!/t"(iJ'f-'J.JJ?LL~/6)t'",:",,fLt,,(f '(;f~·{P''f-VJ1~.JV

i../..~r",:""f(J)6JfD.Jt"L~VI:)~i../..~J

()!.}D)t'?,.( v.!~)'!~J~jJ(;fl:))jL~?'()fJA7f'()f~L'()fJJ t~.J,f--c.ji0'..::.-~fJJ.Jt'~J,.('f- VJ1J)J?2....Li.JY.JJf.v.! (j.J r...;~{' _~.li../..~.J0'l:)f

(J: L(0' t,,(fv.:= jiL~ ~~Y~(()!.) 6.Jt'JJ.Jf~ Py,.J;;it,,(fJ, ,(j.J'/f/)L jiJJf,v... "::'-~?Jt 0't,,(f_~, t'J1t,,(l?f .. ()!.) 6.Jt'1f.J~-'i../.. .. yl..C:f , u 0';;. ~1f.J~..::.-rf.JgL~16.Jt·~JLt,,(f, ~'_:;;fJ~):~ I:)~)If.J~'sh)fJJJ.Jf (J:!6.Jt'~J-",0';;'~JJ~'~"';>J0'LJ1";~fJ)(~.Jf_i:...a~~ ui{b'6.Jt'i../..uY.J-"'~'UJ.JfJIJ?U~~)In~/JJ-~IJ1uit,,'J~~

t/;~V::CJ~L.aii../.. 6.Jt'i../..t»;LJ.vv._r::.

~v..yif.2... Vf,~ t'~ ~~~

Jv.J

i../..t"(f,JJ1t,,J;i../...JJJJ:ihf.-C:f 0'()!.) 6.Jt'~.Jf~~-( ~ ~ IJ ~f,Llj: :!~~i../..~./.jJJ,..;>;{'t"rPYLD)t'i../..JJ.Jfjii../...JJJJfk.f wf':;;_-?'Vf_L~ v::IYJPi../..VfLl(-Lwf)Jf ~~~.Jj(J~.J~1 JJ.;f...J/~Sif.,.(i../..~t,,(f~,..;>J0'tJ.JJ/t,,(f'v.!.J)j/v..J~0'()!'}6.Jt'

_~)':';;~.JrJ.Jt'.I..i' ~(d-,..0(;fJ..::.-jJ~.JJf'Ub.l'..::.-~L'-;l.rtft.f()!,}6.Jt' --

ql--


V:w'dL..::.-tL?·./~'(;'-'f-J/Lf(yJ,'f-rJ1~~./J,k.:;..r'k-./J'J~!""'./J'.::..c./'Jji()'(LV'~~ ,tY~(jv: v,~ ;;L.[~ j '(i./..)6./r

-vj~..::.-''/'L..::..>(;:J(;~ l),('V: v'J.r.(:'f-JjJ(;~)~')I:-I'J ~(.;_.?,~ /V:,..J...l.-v' ~~-'f-VJ~,~./.,pL..;.;~('...ftL6./r/-£;./l:-jV:w,~/J:;L ~'./)?Jl);;./Lf~"~vj./J1,.::}>J~.tiIvL~J?,JAj~;JJ,)~ [:;'./'( J :t.Ji~;LJ,),t}t.f:/I..::.-h'/'~'~ ./"pLfk--? ,lJJ'J) '(~l?...ft JJ:j:fy'L4~~Jv'~lf+-./J'J+-?,lJ./_,....fV:~""JJJ~(;)~J-;lJ

t/j;;7lif~,Lh;716)rjl);;).J~'~/-~JAj=:(';-;Sv"t} 'l)J.l.P'l),dJ~'l)J?'l)yj:r ,..::.-iJ! 'l)J...r,~~v: l);;Aj~' ,.i.. ?-If J~)J.bJ'JIr'Lfk--JJ')~V'-'f-JiP'(l)J)'JJ)L;)J'l)J)~'l)J./U·~ -.;::..Jj/;f, ,

",:-"vv'-'f-0/~'(..::.-~('JJ')L~/.tiIv.tiIvL)1:-

j~; J'l)l(..if.V:(~L./~'Lfk--v(.r'f-rj/;f'if':9'(J,)S4L~/~ ./l:-j.J;.i..LJ1L~/"::'-~'J./J~l?J)J?'.i..)~r.;.7J'./J'(J'JJ -.i..';::"./J1./r?'(JYi.JS~)S-{.; , ~" 6./rL~'y'(j;;V'./{L~'y'(jJYY('('(~6./r/J~vJy' ~,-~)/~\(o,,"J,..J...l.-/6./rJ:,'JA ..~~,LJ1 Lh~'/"::'-~'J./lf;~V:i./..} 'f-JjJ(;,...vujjl(",:-"CJ~j;~L"::'-~'J_'f-~j J/l("::'-~'Jl)~L L'J~lf;~''''(('·':~''f-~''::'-~'J./u~''::'-~'J~)(??''f-6)r/(=J_'[ L/~~J~;~..;.;t.L4v'6./rJ~~4~'~J,.(I)./rJl(l)}./Y _.i..L/v:1~~~J£'..;.; t.~'_.i..

...ft'J;.I./~.//J.,Uj~../v:6./rJ'JL~~~j~jV:y. L~t'l)l(../~jvJy.I..::/fJ"~)if.Le(;J~;.I,.f.r.(:'f-JL.P'(' --

qr--


(jVJy./~Li,)'I~--?JJi,)'I,IJI;Jf.JtJ?._fI,/JI,IJ'::/;~.IJ ~"/_I)Iy.~)C:;v!~

..)(r(jLY';!I...fif-'I-f-.:.01j(v!0A·J

~i,)'I'U(.;..i'I--l("/-f-JI;.f~U~~J.::/~JlfVI'"j

TLi,)'ILJI)T

=_(I)JI711";~~if.'L4-)e~L)"':;"~I,,.;J(.).I~(/J;!I,,j

T~

L--l("/ /_f- (~UvL"j Tlf~JiLm~~.J

,,J./(,,j TLI~":::;J ~JU}V ff-t"y.tlJ~~UvL/J;!I"j T'J£.1.:.01Ji,)'I...[JY 1~(.f!J,LfI).LJI)TV!/J;!I.I~.IJ'..IJ"~uJ.I'J'r'.l;v'~j;~Juz;·, L i,)'Iff-h J IF 2.. i,)'1..::.-f ~I Ji,)'1 v!m If~Ji 2.. i,)'1 'f- ~Ir.~ (;i if-' .I~(~~y.v!.::/;mLu}LY' ff-JJJJvJ(jlLu}.IY'~Ji ~ ~~~'~4JuJJy'v!i,)'I.lJllJu)~ .::/;Ju}V~'f-.1 ~Jif.-1JJ+-J.lelv!(jvJy.v!mL(jl.lJI,I,J./(IF~(UZi~~IF~ -f-d._fl2..L(jvJy.JIVI.lJ.lIPllf~Ji~ Ll0.1Jlv!.IJJlfjTL If..vLlY;;:IJ--flf/JJv! (,)!.) 0.1t"wl L~J":'- V~=_Ly. t"J}(;J):..:.~fJ T":::;Ji,)"v! t"J}Llf..v _:~..:JJJ,v!~y.L'v!v..Iy.~IF/JV(j~v.?u,~}IJ.liji...{l:L .. ....... ..... .. U:~l,;f"";U;Lvlv!ur~.I(j~.IJI,I~y.;( {JIJ)v!jTLlf..vLlY;;:I L.lIPI~'--/JJ'~J)t~,-:-,!?,Iv!U}~L(jvJy.Li,)'I,v!(j.lY. Ly.Z;_.Iv!(jVJy..IJI,IJL)v~I)~,+-;;}~l}yl'~·,-:-,I,~L;;(.;

v~J~

~ J.::-d'?v! (LVI~~.:.!I i,)'L.-> ,=((jII) lfy. I~ i,)'L.-> I(L:».:.!I v! i,)'1 ~JLVI.lJI(LVI~ ~~ J))~I.lJIU}.IY~}/~.Ii'--/JJ,1) t"~J): ~ JkJ..(,)!.}6.1t"JfJ..wl_IJ....:.-V~(jl_L~.IY.E../6.1t"Ju}LY' .. . . , ... (jl,LL~E..?~(LV0Lu?flJL--l("/fLc~Iif-'Ul(w--?;,-JT L(LVI....;T)J_i-Z'L u?f f- r'.l'J)( jL}~J.. i,)'I/_1)~J,-:-,I? ( =,l)t))~I£IJ)Lu}LY'J..":"'~Jl(J~((jl-J:lk.IJ~~t,,~Y' --

ql""--


Sf~J~(i"~Lb)(;-Si,)J1~J~~J~j~g_4:-J01£IJ/LJ)LtbA' b'bY'J~/bA'~J)JI~ L~ '..::.-~..irL::'..?'i,)~L(;)IAi~ 2:£. bA' -~4:-J~~J~ L..::.-l,;.17'R-;bA·Si,)_.iLY',~)jL~LP{ ';_.ILf-JI&>_ff. L(;)I;:hlP>Y.L '£L-l.-vIL(.ht(;)~ ~ ~ L(;)I-hJ",:,",IR b'(;)I.g_L:.

SLJ? -=:-bA·S(LVI(~/b)(;-S(;)vJP.L i,).,fl_(J,= J-¥"...fii,)~ -=:-if._( 'f- (;)~b'i,);~) d~(;)Ii,)~L (;) ILt..::.ttW"':'"'_/)JI(;)VJR.,J:fJ ~LP J~}v..;f:!{. b)(;-S(;)VJR.L i,).,fl'J~L vl_LJ1./!;-i,)}JJ=

J)~b'JI))IJtLt~vl-'iJ~Lt~L(cL)lr"Lji';;t"4'e!. -~p. L~ v.:C('U}..J(lI(lJij~JI,:( y,1'L i,),r._('f-J),?t.f,)':; b' _1)l.l!IIi,)yc)~\f)t"L0JI(;)I';;~r"'._f1

L vl.~

V(~,)IJI?

-=:-(t L ~)IJ

Lt.2>1(i L

f-

~_/JU)~-;/I~Li,)~;:V((-;i,)}JJbA·jvJR.)JI.b)t"Si,)}LY' )JI.v!t,j) 'u~-¥"?r.J. t}..}b)(;-,J;:ltts(;)l....f;; t.JJ~)JIg_(~L

t.fLt b)t"(.)LVI L i,).,fl:"'f-)).,-:--=:-vl.l) ~)~ V=j (..::.-b1IJ~)if. -hJ/(;)\(-I..::.-b1IJJ',i.J j)LI)";)JI.S.:..5.i,,;~u~JI..::.-b1IJ~J(;Z Lt ,)J .:.J~(%~JI;)~r:I.'{Pt,j)Lt b)t"J

(;)v,R. ..::.-)~tj.

''f-vi(;)~Lt t}..}b)(;-J(;)I-=:--?Jvl.~.j ((;)IJ'v1~J/6

i..::.-b1IJ

-~ (JJ~vtJt")J~~;:~~? (..::.-b1IJ~ iJd~ b'..::.0j;:--~Lvl;;.! ~b)t"? .;:,.;f; (JI(LVI(;)~

L (;)I)JIul/j';

~LVLt (;)VJR.'-diJ1r-- J(;)VJR._('f-

b1 ,JI.;;I

VI~J-g_~fC)l.l!I/..::.-f'?J(;)~S~})JIJIp..cfj.L);I.;;l)lluyt)(

(IJ!.~f~I~v!.;:..YJSvl./.l)m.:-(.-=:-(;)I?g_~fc.d,~~if~ uJ)~JJc)JluJ_/~,,~Lb)t"A;I(..::.-f'?,(;)~Sif~vl_l)J;(Lf --

ql"--


Lt,;)I..:;.,I~;.:/Ltf~LuP"~JI~!V,JJ1=-?JJvl~~_f-ClJfu~L u~l2...vl(i:/(?J}~J(JIJ)LVI(i:1~~JLJ(pui.)Jt,;)I(i:J;;~1 ,JVI~/..:;.,u!?t,;)ILvl-JL~~v..vIL/~Jtf~tJ!VIAt~L

v..if.,J~~~IJ~t,;).iJ~#J_tI(f-~t,;)J1/JU}~(J;J~~i pt,;)l.?I~u}~viIlJ.?(~~#.::..-J_tIJIL~~i(~(;.,ln~J~IJIJ~ J~t"Lt,;)I~JI6~t"Ju}I_t(.;uV~v..t,;)VJP.LU~I~)vl_::;:...~tJ1 -JJui.::0I~Jvh~J 0..:;., UlyJ;~JI..::)u;(J i J.-fv.. ~k--Jt,;)(;:--JP. v.. J~JJ: Iqr· 6~t"~JV/c:-/~k--ulf. Lvl(~JiJjl..:..;:~IJ':;jLtJ~t Juf.i ~JI(i:~J iJ.7t,;)~v.. t,;)VJP.,J L r£_..:;.,L.P17'=,,:"",I(JJ1~~~vIJf tl)l..:;.,t~/t,;)vJp.'::"--?JJif.,J~ ~urf.) .:;/f~JJ~UP"J~LV J.7t,;)~Lu?',JtJ~iJ~j0U~P't,;)Iv..t..f..}6~t"('-~ _~)JJ.I~~JI,,:"", t"..;t I~«(;.,I~J;..; 4i: .£4-lP.::..-UJ1~J~~JIUJ r ..I~JI(J}jJ~('S (;/...I,Ji:=~J(L ~JJJJ? v.. ,,:"",I? LvI u}~v..t,;)VJP.~JI~J?luJJp.Lu?',Ji:JpLu}~J~i J,"=-J,,:"",I?~t,;)ILJ:iL.£..:;.,L.P171";~)...£JI~-J('S~~~0 =~(f-JixJUYI~t,;)I(f-uiJVJ~t"J/v..[,;~JLJ:~(J?1 ~J/ Jlui lP! ,"=-1 iJf L uli.'~ i ~J/ $ui lP! L ~)...£JI;;,J ,,:"",I? --?/J:;..;eyu;-0J?~/u~(pL~)...£JIL,,:"",CJ vI0t,;)1~_~ -~)' ..{JJI~/t~f-t,;)£IJ,Jj~JIJ)Lup",JV~l)IJfJIY'= ~J)-(.vl~JI(~I/vl:!J~/u}J'*'I....upl.--v..t..f..}b~t"wILjtlJ? Lb~t" ~':--~JI«;f. .::..-~)tld'"(";}iJy~uJ~~JJ(;. 2...L ~10~IJ,J~J t,;)1..; ~}J~ f~uii 6~t" JIL U~I~;;_f- J~J?~Jf ~ L U~I(i:f-~~r£_ v..,J).-L UJJj~JIJ}jJ/?,,J~J,,:"",I? ~..:;.,L.P17 ~J.

--

--

qO--


-flL~Lr/.'::;_'~J,.{~~1lPJ/l;1'0!(./JLJ"J))./J'J/,.{V,,:-;i;' U?./Y/(LU"';'_fv.iJv'~Jf- "':'"'?.::;_ tJJJ)?f.'~J~'(I-JJ;,

;;'J~LJ1~":-; LJ/"{V ..:-;i;'J!=.::;_~ t.Lf~./J' J0'J0(;iJU~JA·Jv'./J,,~j./?/.~'t'./~'./u;~'LU"';'~)lf'

-f-ufJA·J!

J'-JUk.~Ju}yP'0'Lt}..}bA·LU"';'LJ1?!bA·J0LJJ))'_~ ~ . , -0 i:y.) (;4'./J'(,....fILt}..) b./ t"J))'~J.::;_j;~ ...f"':'""-f-~Jb./t"Jf~./AQyP_;W>'('....fIv:t}..}bA·J))' J/10"e:_~~J~./J'u~ J/ ~b./ t".::;_~v"~'J1~V:~ k--~./'J ~ b./ e j~./J/0?./J',2J,.:..,./;,J.;Y'",:,",JIlJi,I,e:_?! bA·J4J'i./y /£v: )lJ'~ k--J! d,.{ j'J ~..::.-./yPJlP ./A::.,;J,1·r (1£.~ ~- ~ t"~ l.JI.::;_ ~ L _~t"~ bf'J'::;_ j)V: 0VJy. 2...v"j'0'./; J.;;v: ..::.-tli •./Lt}..) b./t"J~ V:if.,.{L~VJ~'luJ}.;0'Lb./t",.{~VJ~LJ12{J/"::,,v~";'./'J LfQyPIU?'/Y2...v'_J1J,;'./J,Jz;(>'J"')~./J"(J(...,i,~J~Y. J 0'./J''0~(;J 0'.::;_~J if. V('/' ~~I...Z L U.,.;,,.{ v. 01$·./=U~

Jfv(';IrLv,~_J;.('/'JG"2...Lu}JJu}LY"./J'UJJP.0(.;J LU}~._hJW'f-..iWfQyPV:L~(!Y'V:0VJP.,.{~~~J!1 ufIJlP70'V: ~v'-LJ10LY" .::;_UiJ./LfQyP,juf.::;_,iju,L-? ~'U./j _.f,U}jJ/"{V (J/JL uJ.f;/L d'./J'fQyPV:~"{V'./lP!' ~QyPUJlf.~./J'u!v.: (;JJfQyPV:)!A~L..::.-~?J~~J~~.J' 'J1J;h~?.::;_t}..}b./t"J:QyP_e:_Lj./J,e:_~,.PV:ufo.?.,.{e:_t.f

J0'J~Jif.-e:_v~JA.::;_..::.-pU:j./J"e:_./(,,6Lu./'J'J./=,.{~tJf.~J ·..f)..iIrL..I.'..I.p..::.-.J:}f' L~j/. v: if,.{0J/L'JLJ1~ UJ1(.;J -0 LJ1 --

Q'1--


b"f~v.rJ,v!'I.5')/.Iu.fjlfk--~ ~vJp.~f

~ J~)JYlqr. l:1~ cd~ u;~ ';-1Jv,) J J_,f~lY'~ ~l?JP.)JI,lJ~ I~~k--»' -L~'Ap.,.£,)h'~~L~'~bJt:..(I"::'-)J?J..::.-h.f,t.fvil2....v',lJ ...fIc-~~'ViJ~fi~2....L~(;.LJ(.,.fJ~c-t}~fU~).{.e,,,v' L~I iY)JJI b"..::.-I_?>U}J)~I~J,_i:_iJl JH~'::_/J))JI"J';'/.A"It _ttJ)~mL;.:;,.(..£I)jL~I~.NfO)?'''';;lJ)J....rIX~.NfLI -. ' , ., ~.::....ALtJp./.A'" CL UJ(I};i:_v:1UI)bJt·? )1;I(roIi.I ,J:;fJJiJJ-)t'tJx...fI,VJ.(;.~~'L).I?'LuJ('f.fJ'J;:z-~~.f:;' u~J,lJ..:Y~J~]f;?).I~if.f~Jy~V'L~k--,.;')'J,Jj_~).f }~ t iJ".~,.J...l.--vl_V~I;ol)./. (b"..;:.>t;;tJlJ.-'l~ ..::.)JIJJv'ftJp./.A'" ))~I~ L UJ(I~ if.'f-JJJG' ',...c)b" tJ~4b"j~...;JI'~;V(j ~ ~I L vlflJtJ)J?2....Viz-'~)/..::.-;~~(IJ.-',ij.I~)~Jb),;I'~J ji'~ LA;I)~J))I);;)z-~tl..}b)t'J))"Jr!-J../.'.;:_t)(LtJp./.A"'~)~ ~k--";I)IJ,Jj~,v.r L r2...V.;,.....)!a .a?vL ..::.-V'lfk--)~J))JI'.a?v -VJ1j(.;"~),piJ~,,.LtJp./.A"'f ~'.;;C.a>xc(~tL).I~ LVJ))J,j(.;'jyJ,J(0yiJt~!~,IJiJ'JJo~J.tJ/J) J)(oJa.1JJJ.MJJ.lfk--~~u}lY'viliLr~'JP!L';"""jJ) lfl.--JiJ'JJO~'LuJ(',LfJ~~JiJ'JJO~""viI-vf.;,.....),.;»)(~~ .. .. _ .. )JlfYI~ U~LiJIJH~_'f- V~~ ~J)L~l¢,...fIviI~ '--[j ~ LlP>xL rf»'vl)?J~ L~Jlf~'OJ};'f-)J?Z-j (J("Ui.;J,.jIJI v'~;;tJ)..::.-IJSE..~~vJp.fJ'~'o~.A"'LuJ('f'f-t'~V-'f-)((t ~Wlf~I~(;L~I)Jlvilfi:_'f-))j,?hYI(iJ}oJi,v!'~J4)~ljIJ

.

-L~~lfc-UJ!;

tJ)lf:'J¥ .A"1~ylk.lit~b)t'Ju".t)(LY~I.5'.a?vL~rj --

q~--


c t_,yPyvlL fl'JY.l(~v:p;./JI'.:.-_i 1)/,tJ~i}r,t

J.:;_:.[j -lfV~jv:(;)"u.rt~.a?I.--Lv~.IJ'~'/'v.:O"(li=,f,~u.:O" ,.(tJvi,:;;,~JL~:{1~vR'f-lfb'.?('}').IYlu}~L.4P/V:(;)' ,":",0"Juk-'.,h0y_jJ(liV:.4P/.;:/;J((;)~U,V:LU~ILu?. u?,.(.:::....Lf6)lyv:.;".....AL.;iJ.ILy~Lu.JIv:'if~At~(y.L~' , " . '~/vl.?'v'v:y~Lt}..}DA·v'-~.....vv:tJ)l)l~f'J.:u'AYL vfj~ v:()I~i/lJ.f',u.r f-.I~;V: uJ~J.lr.:;_~,J,.(V -1/.1/d-J7». (y~V:(;)1'","/.1 (;)LY':;_.I}v(;-f- (u}.:.Ir~b.l.....v('-flv:t}..) D.lrwl ? ~D.lrJ(;),;:(;Lv,.lJ,UVLu~Jj(;)~)tJ.I~wlulf.,.( J1.1 UV.lJI~J ~b.l'-;;' ~.Ir=, 2_1.11 ,J>1tJ.I{v: ~~/J ~1.1 J( vl,f-(;)~(.:.-b1IJ~f,u.rJ/(lj i.:.-~}vV:.;"......I~ LU}I;:(; Lu(;J)(-u.r t ~Jur1.1J.Q;»JI.lJI,.I~,~)~ !.;),?,.I.,;I.I, ....OD.lr L.Q;»J'v:v,2_v"t~v:~~}JUJ:t,Ji=,~~;:~D.lrJ.Q;»JI -1>1P)YJ~I.:;_~u,./..;:/;(vl,.(f-r>1=,...::.r,~.:;_if.'f-~~u}V G:'J.I.lJ'Jb1IJ~t.f=,vR-J!~t.f~.IrJ.Q;>Y.lJI,;rJ$'.I~J~Lv'

,t

J~I.:[;f..:;_~J vl'f- t.f~IJ.IJ D.lrJ)'v: t}..} D.lrwl ? v: ~b.l J.Q;»JI_u.r u~ J (;);:L~J.. if.,.(f- ,":",0"J.I;~~ LJ~I.:[..J~/~IJ.lUI_u.rV:'":"'O"vILy1Lvl,i}I>1~Z-:-:.l? i}}:J=,f,i:...IIJI~J),~J:)L~.IJI.Q;»JI-f-V(;)~v:D.lrJ)'~ -vi.:;_un(~,i},:;_~I/'~(if.,.( D.lrJ(;)(;.f~,JI>1I.~JIY =,'P; L (gL(;)(;.f~ .IJI (;)(?Jy. J~.:;_lbL~b(r......v(D.lrJvl/(;)(?Jy.~)V~L~Vt_,J;.:;_uljl

r-?J

--

q;\--


"( r' ~/.( J_,~,. .L..J'-"JleL~0';:_(flr··l:'f~II)a>YL; J u.(/"::'-~J;(.)Vic)

~)?Ye~UJ):>J).;:_(tL (;)vr~b)I:"L41~ j;IYiu:f((

ji~)}

JV"

Ja>Yl))IJe)L.;:_ L~;LA ~ VI-7- V(;)~/bA'r-:;J (;)vr~ L U';Ie:..(;jJ,~-::;A· I? tfv~))I_7- J~(;)VJR.r-:;)JI~.l? (5)IJL.._;;., uV.....,V....{i.;:_LlrL,","",.l?Ja>Y (5)IJ./ .. 1,;(-1_.:.... /', ... . ~Jj)jJy J))'-7-~.;:_~~v'~~)JV'elJL~~)c;:!;:~~.l?Ja>Y j(..£~...fi~~)~Lb)C'Jv')J'~.l?Ja>y(.5)'J';:_.f'JJUJti(;)'~

d(;:f~lf,JJu:f.:5.J/~J,.JrVI~)}JV"Lu~UE(;)IJ:7-jJ,)IY -::::.. ~~)~)~vl/b)C'J e V

._f)YL (,:)le0 2{).;:_LlrL

(;IJ-fU:j/(,:)(;)~ J}?,.{J(

J/~u)LY'b)C'J(tYl;,j,.{£.7-J?~Uv~~b)C'Jj.;:_(tY'

_.ftdL_ff,J;;iv'-L~£.;:_v'~J'.5'_;)J,'(J~)vif~)rU:j J

..::.-~~y

L (;)1 e~ 'J/~Y')JI

».;».~I'u.:v('I J L (I./i

uE(,:),eb)C'j~J))J'U:jJ(,:)(;)~)J'R.JtY,:r7-~L(LYiL)~(.;.J

J)I:'Lf~)J'f~~eLYi.;:{)~}!"~/b)C'01·L(,./i.lt~ui.V JR.e~;(r(,:)LY'~ (,:)VJR.,J 7- Cl5j,=, ~jl.;:_ if.e7-IA,;!I.£IJ) ,J~ ~)I}./. Lf~/"::"'>(;!U:jJ~;(rVI)JI~C.C?Jl;;I,~

.;:_~;(r

-J~;j(,.J)J(,:)ILf~~

r-?(.I;~_7-"?'; (~t.l))f. L U)~J(.;.I('I~ t}..) b)C'J))1 eLYi~ )}l))IjI(.I;Jde:..

£.:£ ~,.?/I)I)L J:;J2i ~~~.;:_

(.';L~t.L)JJ~J'~L",:",JIJ;Jt:J'L)YiJ)J/J))I~(;)(;)~ ~~~b)C'Ja>Y(.I;£~fl~IL;)i.~)IJ'Y-0l))kv..:.-(.? LI) (ur.;~7v! UJ)I)I(,:)I",:",1j;Jy;Yb)C'~e'""t54LI) v!J))IL~ t. ~(,:)VJR.-'.5')l)).I')I~J,IJ..:;).t(?/i:!UIJJ))I2...v'-.:....Ji_?J/ . ,. --

qq--


,if.!J..vr.,LI),.;:;Lui.cY ~L(Jb.lrLJ--0JJ.1I~jj.ljIJ--0,.;.dr· Jl.kl=~~ J 1.11-0 JjJG'o)jJv t..folL'~')~~ J.:')~~J.IJ~';I _t./'(t:....fJ:j!..UI)wiJIY? u}/I?(Uj)Jj.lj?(L)i.cYJ":",L,,,\:.JlJb.lrJ..(;)l;:f'hJ..u~ (;)"J~v.:cYJ":,,,l)?"::;jL(gL(;)l;:f'~-0(J.I~J(p.~J..U).(.Ij' J?Jflq'1.~ ~,V!j~J),,:.,~_,J.vJ.liJ..~)~ L(;)(;:--jp'~)J..

~Jif.'t./1)~,..,v...fl(I.I'/b.lrJ..I.I,V11)I.It;;j)f.#J.~p.L~~ ~)V.ljl''f-t./1)J~~":",l)I(;)(;:--jp.~;,,:,,,1_t./1))~.f~.flb.lr~ t./V(;)\(-J.. )C:LU~j,,=)iJ jj)I(;)l;:f'~ ..f-i-'f-~ I:)l;:f'~ ..f-i,..,v VJ~;;IY..J ~L uJjP')(; J LAp!l/dt;;~ ~.I}J'(;J.. 1.I1_'f_~L)~";I)lj.3jlb)rLif.~lf , .. , .. ?J..JJ.I'~v1(;)(;:--jp.":')J.J..I.I,,~._,l)(b.lr?J..u).( , I" , . '0v1Jy.~Ju}.Iy~~=J£C0l5.1hv)Jl?'~j0v.:cYJ":,,,l) b()? '0! ~J.. ;1~ll1lj)=_'f-t./VJ~/~I)L~"'fJ..I:)I(J";

_~lflfJ.7lb)r~~t:J..(;)ljL~ , .. .. J..,.t'LI.I,j'0 a~/ui.cY(;)IJ..U).(.IjIU}/I( ";(L,~

.

Lif.''f-r/.L~(L(''''fLlfL~;;J;?jvj~J..uY:jL(;)' -1)~~J.~./.jh!r?i;b·!I:)Jr)j'jP'..J/ .: JI.Jt./~lJl/pJI)~ {(;)\())L u}.IyL (;)l;:f'~ .Ijl(;)(;:--jp' ?.J'f-,,:.,)j?JUi.cY~'.2...L~)G'(~)j"Ui.cY~l)~,J.. J~,,:.,)_"'" )j'uf.u}j)U~1JZ.J-)r?)j',~)J.lj')k-J..~ji)YL~~l)}j)

LlfL()~Lu-r-:l?'(_~)?/JLhj)u:110J..U?~L01 ":".Ij?J..l5P..Ij'w'JUjti~,_~/J<j()j,J,f,tJ'~Lu-r-:l? _.£'(t:....fun(~=.Jr'f--1"--


JI/DJt·!.i:.iJ)U....fI(-:.;;.;I(~~LUJ-.Ir(;)lmL~yv.:~A)1 ~LUL,J£.I~~j(,.iI.,:..;;~,~VVviJ~,~(;~v:(UiiL~ V:.IJ)rJ'f~ L..~r~...:;;-;~...(f''l.LLd'j~uv(rJ'_f.t.:/_~./II'l.(rJ'"' ;iLI.--.1 JUZ::·I~.;;..(. 'J~L L)J::.Ir(.51,~(;~_lPf£.;;..(. ~.;;..(...Y~

~L~jy,.(

L ~)Y

L u$)V: L)J~JV-)~JJ'~rv.:v"'..:....Ilf.lJ,.I~J.I( ...£L)~.!:_;{;;C~rL/.LL.;;..;:'"i'J-.Ir.lJ'..:...~;(

.IJIL)Jfol,J~L"': ..drJll-J~v:)lpj~'l.~.Ir(p.lJIIJ~_;t.flt

.-?'J'if.,_z i;[;('1

~-0 i;[)_;il>~.IJI(;)~I~J:,J)rJl~YJ'L)~~

,(;)1}V:if.7-~)IU'J,~J,!t,;f.uJ)

¥~~.I}v(;~Yv.:

~A)I~

t " ",:""J.f.lJI}.;J;!LI.);:)J.~ .!-0J~v.:VJ')JC",..J~JI,.:~;,.:.c~ -7-~ ..:...L}P~~y'~L)J):;.IJIL)}li)LL)J/~LL£i;J!L ~~LD.lrjV-J.kt-0

./,;"~y.~A~ILJ~.IJ'(..;.fv.:!f(fmrJ"J.!)

~YV~.Il)I~I~~I;.....,)I')L)~I/L)JkJ.bJI(.5"L--,U'J,V:.IJMI~ .. ..... ..." .. ~_I~V:

I~LUL)I;:IU'J,).IJI,t;..;:..r'k--(..;~Yv(;(~jy'V:.IJ)~-{.)

u:

lS'~.IJIL)yc.I(L..£.(;)1~,L)rlJ.;V:L)i.V ., .. .,.I'J_jtJI,p~).;;..;:'"iI~y J;i(_;;)?J~I'((JUZ::·I_LL)..J/~J"",,(;",L)~J/....£(j.lJ:,~.I) --

1·1--


_4'}~j~2....L0,ur,:"~JU--~/J,,,:,),.nl ~J2....L L.f(',).:,,~).v)J"~

6A'lfh-- -fi ~~ L u(; J>

J,:"W'J.....,C) ., JVI_~)Db'hL lH~!L-,) . ''7-('~b',:"w'J-=-'_'7-~tJ~-=-j;~L~;)'J6.1l:')Jlt'J-=-.l~~IL v'.::....)~Jt(v'.:,,-;~0'~L6Jt·j:vr .:;..(.ur.:,,~~yv~ LJ'.lJ' , ... .. t: • 0k '.::....}~uWJt .. .....,j--,? ...... , -.... ....

-

l,:"w'J_'7-~JYJV:0\(-!1I')J'j;~'--:?;Jv"~J~L~(L .JC-=-,(,=-)J~0'(V')JJ;(t' If'-=- if~)J' L.f ,:-;'J-=- Jh-- (5J-fi e~-fi (.:" 10> JJ..>, 0' J'JL~ J v: u}~)..fl!?'7- ~L0lS'J~(;_'7,v!(0' 2....LL.f~) /)'J(lJijtJ)')~.:,,1o>JJ..>'?''7-C2)0\(-.bi./)J'

· ".c- r ...... A "L ~r L" -? L U.f1/,~Ui':'v..l/ _lP r)":"'i.!",:,j.::......a!' i. L ~(p.)

• C' ~ JlS'~'(lJij?•

.:,,~).v(j..J/_;V:0'-v.tJ4-tJ..!fJv'{...:)Io>0'UJ)'/-~)J'':''[)'lr -IPtJ/ t10'~~.:,,[), lr0,j'7- t'Y<;rU:=-=0Ur ''7- J~ =i (V'lJVy<t"J;~(J'Jh,;'L~ut:·,~ V:)J)L~(;))lf. :f'::""~U(;tLY< L.f ,

J) "':"UJ-fi -=- P! L (g L ..::./f tJ).t!v: 0vJP.

-I.:,,)10>10' .. J;.J))L ....hI"'J)JtUL, .. , Lf~) .... viiJlfl

L~)L....-;)....£JI,lJ.:,,~v:)L . .r....£JI?,JL..U(;)Y ~ 1"':" UJu;:: L ~ (;))If. t:I--lJ,_1~("':"UJJ -fi-=L))lj/.I",:"UJvILu(;)Y_~)J(byJ()[),L' ..i....fl _lJLf" ~Lj~)c~(r.-=-VI?J~~I~/JLIo> . JVIo>_~)J:LfUzycl/Uzy,LfUzy./.:;./I}))JvIL~~ J)J'"

=-=-0:lfl-~~~~Uzyi/ ~/J)-filS'~",:"UJlYJ -.::.... , t'1o> ...~),-)IJlfIJ~J).....,UJlS'....(IfLf ..... .. d-[;;IJ)I_( ?-jLLIJL~Y.0' ~/)JI~~,I~'~'v)151


.i_ J(:>Jv.1J. UvL.lIrJ.lJI .lJI'7'-;( -{:j,Uz}I.z;__U f-"J~((i·'f LJ1I.:)~{ f[J::,.;171:)'/'1 .lJlu.llf-"lrlJiilJ'.lIJ~';"'.ljLdJtJ~";:".lJ?J.,;:.,[P!,(..?I~ILL),f1

_(L ~i.Ir{J[P~.lY"tJl(lJii::p.L~!,(..?lf!e jivil-£.(:> ~I;:~),/1 tJlJ'u[P_LJ~./flJzy~J[(:>~';""Y+-~~.lJI,LJ~'l..;;:_j"",'~Jv..if. .;;:_~Jd./"U./IJ';;~J~I?:.lf01,L)~J'~I_J~tv.?)d_L? LJL.---I.:)I?JlfJJ~__;)J I.:)Ij.J~tJl~jiJ;()JL)~( LtJl,LJ.I?

L(:>IJ'J.2...LJ;~u)I~.;;:_IJ'./p f~J~.I?LtJl ~_LJIJ1I~Y~ _~h}/ )JJ::::Jt-}&[PJ..::..r'I}./JJ ,~ ~

.

-

J;VLdL~f_hJ~JL.I~./J..:)J~J ~!,(..?IJ)I.tltJlfLJ£:: tJlv..unJ1P'LuJ..l.lf.z;__./jtJILu~(-JJ1J{.:.".t;{.,;:.,I.I~I.lJI ~!,(..?lfL(.z;__u~J'uPl./JIV";.lPtJlJIJ)./I?}t::,JL(:>J1f.::..d?J f~.;;:_ljiJJ,,.;Jlfl.lJIJ",,,J:1~4J-1';;:_';-I~fu~J'~'-~;;}(~Y ~)/C~·,.z;__L.tJ.lf,,;:,,~-'fLJ'~II.:)I~}LtJl-'7'-fi~.;;:_i.IrLtJl(~:: _i:..;:?;I}LLf~[p?-/v....:;/;? 0i'Lu~,(n/J:?J:lrwl~"k.IJ:IJ~fiv..J' J uJ./IJ~;()J./JI./f0If~ a: tJ'_LJ....;:-v /lr'? ./JIC.f[PV:-1}.lJu.ll"..-""fu~,,~h~.2... LU.lPIJ'Ji V:-1}.lJ .. ..

~iJ;:P'"

,V

.

I.:)I__;/";~,..v::~~!,(..?I_!U~I.I~IJ'/vJ tJl~_u!

JJ1tfO.:~

.;;:_~J~~J~~./JL::J(i:..J1P'L..::)JJ?IJ1(~tt:;_~JJ.::.J!~JUn ')J~~~.;;:_LyrJ;2...vLL)(.;.pv V:-f}.lJ?'JL)J./fJ-+/,Uyr t.f ~tJf_LJ!:2Jfb?J{I.:)I~J~J.>f~2...vL~~dl>I./JI./J{fi"''';:''~ L(jff;;[,;;:_uJ_)f,;-I~(:>J~-~r

.:.0IJu~L~~IJ1::4·

~C(:>I.:)~)~LflJzy~\.2...L./fJ-¥~f\fo./v.1;'-I.I!/JJLvILIYtJ~ --1·1""--


JJ_~~;;J~;f.?~~rv-J (J~J~_(£'f-cU?((U(;J>

t"..fLy!)

r,J(p,0(;)~.)ILvl_~J/ ..:%~JJ~(U;;·'.;tJ~

'~.I(itJ,(.::/'f....f~-./~(;~.:.J>JJ~~J_vfJ'~4-jJfLvfj.Lv J~/I_f- t{(U:.IJ'.I'J~';);fu}~ ~J_vf?.::J-~~4v' ~J_(iJ~ t'/..J'7'~J}._pvo_f-O}fuJ.I~(.IJf..IJ'f-t')..J?'i~c.;~J.::/'f

lf~iC:...[JjLv,_~yJtJ,'JJf.~~~Ju-hJ·.-".IJ'V~U}L-fLv'ff,r

i/'!.-{

'__~(o/,,~

JyPJ~ ~.~'.7..IY.lJ' / .'

,u"..JffuJ/'uyJJU(;~~J~L4~.;UiJVJJ~~Y' '.;L~;f...:J~JUJ.I~(..;J~~.IyP(.f~JJ1J;(LU?'f-t'~(,}, ..JL..oLvu! ~i ~ JJf.'./LlP>y,j"" r~ uft').IJ",/L~ULJL r(j ~.I~--?JJ~f ~Jl;.~~JJ j""rL_'/'.:-T'.I)~J:fJ~.I~'~~# .;uJ~'u! )f.t,e;~Y,~J_£J1(;),!J-=-~J.lJ,tJu! J"hz1P.u!j~.;

~.IJ'~Zi-.Iv,fu!-=-'j~'J.'L/I.I:!u'.IjJUJP-=-.IJ??f-t'/~" ,t" ~.I'/().)...I()-=-/ - oft .. ( ~J .__~ -=-'/",:",cY ...fI -=-c~L -=-.I~.IJ'.I~J.I(;i -=-~JU;;" ulf.'vf~~~(J~r..?,,~_}J~U(;J~'d-U(;J,~,._pvo (1.1' E'-f- '(jr;J, ~-f-t~)'~'L'J..?'~f;-'",:",cY~_vf'.I'.!,.P}::(J~)~'Lv'

y{

-vf~J'J~'.I'J.lJ'-=-~~(d-f-J~JUJj.lJ'-=-~'J(;)'L~;)J.I ,~u;:l &'.I~U~YL--"~(d\:-(;)(....fIJ-=-~~j",:",~ ,~L (.5..?'~f;-:'f-~uA~J/';:~L.::/'fu!.IJJLu? L~.IJ' )j(J~t.Jf.lJ,~Jr,J'J.i'f-)j(-=-iJ~JJ~'L-=-~..J/..;u!",:",cYv' ~.v~ L d-f- t'/t;.PJ ",:",v'(;)'u! ",:",'i.,..;L1._pvo (v'-f- Jf d-f-V~j.r1vL';:':>(;JJy.(-=-iJ~LuJ.lfJ~(;)'-V..!,..}(uzjJ.I'J _.££";(~.I~'!:;'';Uft')~,?~~~;!~ji~v~L


)JVJ..JjjJu/}";;R:r~')J.::JJfiJJl:!>ldf)yL)JJv' ~..fJ'iL(jLt]f'fJ(j~L)uXl...£J~~~UJ;{~J(jI)JIL ?Ol) J..::.-JJ.lrLfk--L U?j;K? t.tJIJ)J(;'d/LJI)I(jIJJ b)t" [;..~_iJ~/)J'~(..::.-(;.';IJ~)Vfol~0(;J~-iJ0J')'J)eIJ~t.tL) uJ~J(j_;~~_(u~_i:.L~J~t.t~/-;:IL.::JJJ#_;j:IL ?£./;=

j

(UJ/\,.bJIUJ~I(jI=0':A,i:."';';;IJ~)J~\.,:,,"}~Jf. .s: J(;t.t"-:""~IL j,Uz.5\Y"

J ~'R:(j'{)}(~Ldf)'''''(j'.::JJL)t?JJ'J)L..::.-J~ ~~ 0),=-I)JIi:.LJ1..::.-I;J~~)JIJ(?~J)J)~~J.bJIJ~1 )'J)L~'r»" E:,(f.:I~I~((;(,.Ao(;',{)}LJ~-i:.i:..,t.~ -'f-t")~/JL)(G'~j,udIL..::.-JLfk--~(J'J)Lv')J''f-t")~~ )JIJU4-cP-'f-u///(j~ (Vlt.t~)~ L U?)JI-:;U{:·It.t ~,..,.t 0(;'

l'J ~I,{ S;:)";Ik!:~)JIU)I}I~JU#'fL

~)...£JloJ_'f-..::..r'))

t.t ~/ Jt",t."; uJY. L (j1.::JJ 2:~ u;?)L..:;/f~JI'/

..::.-:G'))JI Uk.

J"';~)JI~J"UY)JJ.LIJolt~JluJ)IJ~L~'u;~oJ_'f-t"'f1 U)J)~I?u.rJ(;t.t;{~VI~;;~~JI,,::,-/~oJ)JI''f-t")J..;;{~J~ _i:.L),f{J'{/J..:;/fe:.'JL ~ji,l()~{o}~)JI"::'-~Ui.~j)))JI('IJJLUf'/~ Lfk---!J1A()J)4JI...JUx ~ J ,,")JJ.)JI (jyl L~ LIJ L)J~J LUjiJ;f,JJu/JJ~~J);:I)JIUft/J(f.:I~I.::JJL)..:..5.{J(.....-

--?)J!=,~)J' ~

JF~

~/JJ_'f-t").:.-.:\.?J' /Y)JIU~Li~""";~ LJVJL.(;?)JI,J (j~..::.-~ J'Uft/ L if.'f- to)..:;/JJ.{ JnLJ--;-

_~)((tt.tL~~U;)iJUft/I..::.-L.P?U'(;J?J~ "=-jvl'f-'&j?Lvl(J(.....-o~L(uJ~I,J.bLfk--cP-


~'f-~J~J.;:;:_~viJ'y'~J",:-,vfLJ'f(/;f£?-f-fJ0Jf-=.,~v! lf~i}P lf~ L (;)fLJ1VJ.lJJ:A·?fOe v.i~ _,.;:;:_ J?J

tJ~J.;:;:_L./ b.~..::)(.,j (.)J.I;;(~J-l.:-d~

t~J(.)if;'~f~Jlf-

v'

-u!t:JfJv!(UZi(].JL(.)fo-?t'./v.i iJ'.lVJ 6.1t'2_ J'f,i},;U ( j~ ./iJ'J(;)f.lJf.bfJz}f lfl,...,;U_,_(_e .. - . -":

.I~f",:-,}--fL-.;f(j.lJtJJ~i;YLmVf_f-JJ1J~~/,f~(.)J,iiJ'/'

L./

J(;)fv!J_,#LPJ'f~V.lJf"::">(;J_J1;--~;--f.lr.lJf';~?0

Lif. i}J'~U~

e/:

JJ)Pf(;)f6.1t',,~((;)1_i}5!t.:f JL(;)1?~

~~JJ~~fL./~.;:;:_t]~~;y~_i}Vfj./f~-="~Jf~l.?J(.)H -~"f-.l./Yf.lJf~~J~(;.-oV(if..£.f~.;:;:_J(.,~.lYVf,.J.~(d-~L./ J;~vL(.)J.Olfl:--.lJf(.)J1~~~LPJJ)PfLJ1L.»f.;:;:_t]~~i.:JfJ

.e.

L-1'J--f! 6.1t'4~?-lf t./.;:;:_ )f.tfVftJiJ 6.1t'~J.0 LfL. .lJf..J(..pjfL(.)Hd-_(£.jJ...I;JJ~~,;Ji~~_J1~fJLJ1(;)~.lJ .;:;:_ r;f.lvf...hJ?.lJf,J

J /.lJf-=.,Jt,,/.iI J iJ'JbJ(.)YYfiJ'J~LJJ1',J 1/ _f}t./(;.-ov((jt:.lJf..:%Jfvil£....Gf ... .

(j~,,~.lJji~~··"-,L.,h.l}J'(;-=.,i.:JfJLLU';-fL(.)};y/1

i;Y~ v! (;)f_~()Lf.L f.l)JLfJ?-.lv! .:;..:JJ)f.lfJA ~~J~.?(.,L ~Jvh L(;)f(.;}J'f-~()Lf.t.fL(.)J.lf~Y.lJf(.)J.;f.~4L(.)i.Y~JDf.lJ) J'"'~ -=.,~,LY.,:..r'.I ).1Jf~ (;.-o-=--: ~J -=.,L,1fJ..;.C!';:;:_ J__" t..f1:1~ J? r' f.lJ~;t -=.,~,LY.;:;:_(.)/,11.:) f-=--: ~J(;) I, i},;( ';:;:_.I;'.,:..r' f.l~I./.v.it ( -=., L,1 fJd- _

e

vf./

L -....c) . ..£Jf ,(.)j.; -="Jf.lf,~

(U(; -="Jf.lf C.lt"-~ -"~ , /

Jt? J J'"'(.,

L~~.lJl(.(~~~V!Pi-~.I.lI.'fJ(J.}~.lJf(,~I..£JfA.lJf(~~

v! Lu

:f-~v!--?~J';-f~J_V~Jh;-.lf~Y("':-' IJJ.;:;:_fv!.lJJ -UJ1~.lJ~v! ..:.-Lf.(p(;)fJ}v!_(~.lJf,~L4';-f


t:f _nl''f- VJ1(J'"& (~I~j L -=--~IJA L J'I L 01 ,J d:_,;;;_ ~Jx fiJJ/JJ [;JJbIt.f-=--~IJ

u:

--"r~JJ2...L--LUJPJfo~01~JI~2...L--~fo4-? CafJ~JI~~....f;J..iJ~~JliJJ?~~L--J..J~~JUJ1 g-l(/~~Jv:ilLJ..LJ'I'~~ ,;;;_,;-,v:iI":::;JLhi,;;;_1 i)J?'YJlyJA'?' J'~ L iJ}jY0' 01J..JI~Jx u;:C)t.f~jYJ.L---J.= .."{Jx ,;;;_iJi.C) t.f~jYLh

LJ'ILJ'Ii)J(.,J?4J~(J!riJ(;j>-v!;?YJ..iJ}(;~L~jY ~Jf 'f-Jj~ (ijYfi .: 'f- ~J~'f-J~J? c/?J"'t.f -=--JL( fi f~J~J) (....fIf.;:..~c/~(fijY),;;;_Ii_hi.tiL--L~)P~JIJ~IJ..;;~JfJG7 (" . ('0' ~. _..)'f-t'/V"J'~~JC' ,~o

iJJ/JJ ~~J';;;_iJ/r

-=--'~~J~~'lA' .__-u;}-,J';;;_~/WJI~/J'~('

t/'

~ILJ'lji ~?1.J.t ~i/-=--~J(.,~JI-=--~IJ~JLJ'I

J/)JIJ~? -=--Ck:?~JI t.fJ?t.f -=--Ck: LiJJ/JJ';;;_ JJ( Jx LJ'I- i;.,;;;_ ~_~J;;~v:ilLJ1..::.r.~.JJZ~Ld.!0~ ,;;;_iJJ/JJ~ ~}(~ Jb-)~J V'l.JfiJIY,;;;_ iJ~)t:fL ~jY01 yjL7.;t.f01~.i.l5'....fIJG7f~fi~JI,.i.Jb-)~IL01~JIY L)J~..Y~LJ~0'k--Y~J~~J.~Y,J("~~Y"'~-=--ijJJ.>I~-t} ~1_£J1.:--!IJ,;;;_~j~~JJ..iJJ7.l5'JJLiJJfol)JliJi~~~JLJ1 LiJjij0'k--IJ?!_VJ1./l;-j;'-tl(01~LL~J1.:--!IJ';;;_J~LiJr~/ _~./I;-,;;;_~IJ?0'I-=--~JYt.f01J..~)~LJjiJ? ~{J?,i)~)IJII.f~....fi~~r,.(i)~~?(~ ~l;)1 ..;:/~t.f(~I~JI-=--jt.f~iJV~J~~0'I)JI,i)~J1~~LLL)..;:/f -i)JlP ;J} r t.f£.)J;;rfiJ/},;;;_JJ-=--/~t.fiJYJj-=--]jiiJJ)L--,,;U)JI,i) ~ j, l--!

t.f.,::../k--l5'JJ .::.J> t.f~~J~J.. m I.fl'1.J.t 'f-) / -=--~(' t.fm if.~


jll~f~J~L..:.-~wIJJ7t.f_£ij-J~ut.fJ~.IJ)4--fiJ.J ~J.)it.f..;/'fJfUJ.)IJ(:;r~Lp._JJ1LY(..e-c,~fuJfol')JIUJ!

)J

·-0'.).)k>JJ.I.I./...;/'f~ -=...if.£h,J.IP~~0Jt?vl'J_JJ,.; 0'.)J1.)~ ~u;;;: J~ f'.f..J-=...UJJi~1L ~J/d~.)..;.,}jll~LJLJ (;--lr~UJ)t.fuPJfi~')JIUiJL1:{(p. j~~vl')J"'r..;/'iJ,~~((I£·,J,-.l.LI,;)I')JIUr.;d~";f.,I;P,J.)t.fUJ1~LU,fI,'fv! '-.)~L ((1£., J')JIurt J."; L U,fl_k-'vi(~ -=... ._f..,:.jJ LJ dt.f~..:.-iJ,(pl,;)lfif-t.f~"LJlx..:.-~I;,e"'4-')JI~(;'-tLUJ1~J~ J..:.-lfv~Ij"";JfV~b')(I}I~~'~')JLf.-~-=...J_t)Jt.fI,;)I~~d-t.f~" J~JI-fih~.)IJUlf. [.-'f-~./.t]~i,)y' v! ~J...;fl?')JI'-4'L.)I.zj1 f~b')(I}I~~,~.1[r-VWLlZ~I,;)}~ij')JI.!J-VV~v!!~t.f~9 !T-££v!i.lifYI~f'f,.)vidVvl'J-=...~t.fJIPI4-')JI!.(I.)1 _£~Vj~jt~~";~IJ./.(~l.;;'IJf~Ylf~;"'J?J~Lvl L..:.-ltlILu?'~lrGl!I~!tlIJ~,_;tJPLuJ_iliJIPI,;)ILU,f1 ~ , .. ~ ;J/ l!"_.i..zfJ1LY(..u:/I~(tL~?~~t~"'pv!_illl,;)l~L1Ji -UJ L~ v! UJ1JJJ~;"'v!~J)ft.f J ;./.JIJLJ1I,;)~.JJLui.yP')JI ')JIUJ.)IJ/JIP~;'_''-/JJ£')JIUJJ(..J?;'L~!/~;y''£ 4UJt.f~rv!~~.)r~IL~)"'d--UJLJ~l?t.fUJ')'-~-;yP ;i,UI;.1~i,.._;;.v-~:l~.)r:(I.J(.;,.._;;.v-~(JlJ2j/(P"JJ~IJ:JI(li ~-t.f ~l?t.f ....(LJ1(lJ2jv! L.(pL(JL,..i-=...;J/L U,fI,~;y"')JI£ cffl.;;'IJ(..k-t.ffrt.f.A~J;J/L~ 4.11)/'-+'J~~"0'"-:",?1 -~~-=...I?viLJ'vl'.i...)IJ~JL~(:;reJf~ . , , ..;/'~ t.f~~ ~~- 0l-f 1~It.f..:.-lJ!./JI..;.,J 'VJ1j L J:!;. UV L yl,-y' ,-y. -JL LJ(...?I,.;w.)J}L ~~.)>.t.f4-~ LI;'L


0'(;./JfJ~f~t.fStJ~~~)tJy.tJy.,~.!"':"?{tJJ4tJA/Jf.:...../V ['1_LL./f!J.t)SJJJ./Jf.;:.)J./fJ~L4

[O_tJJ":"-(7.S..:.}

./Jf"::-}.!~~J/'~C:((;~J?J~J~S~~h:)f.t(;?,;;t~~(Yf ~L.!~v(tJiRS~JYfA,bf~./Jf.k..e:r

~ _~~\..::-~(;.L)~f

.::..../ i:.. 2[./r.:!' ji,)I,,-?..::-f ~ , Ly k S.:;...W.. '/.~ Y~JL~~_.::..../((t , ./Jf~)~/..;;.J( Jj).?f./Jf~r~,t.fi/r.:!' j(~f_f-./~J_,7, ~~m':""./{./Jf ~ (f/' t~.tt

r?':t tJ.ttJJ(Yf;;t -f.tt i,) r .:;.cJt)ftJ./vS lt ':""./

Yff';;t.:...../{~~StJi~~~f,t.;:/.0'fJ{jJ~(~~V;./Jf,cdh~fJL _~./fYi~)J::::.fJLJfJ)L

./Jf'f-VJ;.a?vLJf._H,ptJy.L~tJ/IJyvfLYf;;t r;fc~J L.!.:..7.{ ..::-LLLvL tJh/-f- SJ~f~~)dtJy. "::-~Jf~ v~L~i:..?-Df)~~f./~..::-v~~~~~J;f''':'_''''',.(f-rhh./J L(;(.,nL~IStJJ./fR')2.f)f~tJy.~~L~i,)f_v!~;tJy.

ItJJ;./J:tJJ,(L~J;f',,:,_""'./fR')~Jf./fJ~':""'/V:,~_~~~VJ)v./A ..{,f :,.(.::...~....;;u(~(;./)t ~~' [1\_£.~..;~./~..:..-}StJh/ , 'I 4,LtJJ/ )JL~~_i:..fl..~)J~..::-LLLvL..::/f L jfJfjS ..::)JJ./Jf tJY./Jf? tJfm~(;./JftJ(;Ii)Y _~0f.tf}l'/..::-LLLvL..::/;'i:.../;"~Z.L./J}.!:/~ a: ~(;J~~J)}..;_~ r.!..;..::J'S ~f Jfi:.. ~(f./ ;~J ";(( JI (~f~J~L~./..!.-}~ tJY(.:.... /../Jf'i:.....;f(;

Lq_~

~JJ~f,.( fl...tt./>f.t:J.!;y",~~~tJJ? (jJh ~ J.Y~~f...fl -~jirStJJ!JL~f./Jf~.!tJ./fJ...J)StJr{/';-f'~.P{tJJ_t~L -~)Jf;~){{..::-jJk>jlL~f./Jf~).!f .JL)ft(~fL..::..r'k--";f./f~~Vf


~JJv~/~.,:..f'l7.UV fVY<JJA...f2...~Jr V')~v;((bA' J/.:::;_ uJA;; gJLJ_l)J.~u.d (2...lr'v'-~.a?vL~JJL/ -'J't'~lP>~~)SU}v-'0'k--lif.td-JG7r~?'~).Jb-'t'-lJ,;cr /Y~..J~L~JJ~-/JJt.!Ll:j:uV~J~L~JJ~t.!L~'.:::;_1 #f

.,

"

t/

~'SJ~'-'J'if,j~'YJ-'~-'J'&.:~~SC?-lJt'~VJ~'~)S~_J _lJ(~~'~J7-jY<'::'-.IJ?J_,ru~if.d::::.'JL£ ~"7- VV,,:",,~., (u}~J~J 2...L..:.>L.PJS~{~V' --?-,PJ.~~-7-ts~)'_l'J!2!

jl7.;SJ\,~~'Yf(Y<fiU;.:::;_U}1}

:v.r~j (JL,..j~j(-'JL~'-'J'/.k--'J~t.) (i) ,J.lPd::::. 'JL.::.-lJ,..v ~j(-'JL~/.'::'-I) V-'J'U~ (ii) JJ-,(~'J!':::;JL~L~~-'Jt~~(;:--Jkz (iii) ~f7-C:C:~Ju~L)L~~~UvU~"(JL..--J~~' - LY< /(;o.:::;_.::.~ -'~-'J (j~.,!..Y~

Lv"'Y«J~~)?

~di.i'jL ~;y'

~j(-'JL~'-'J'/.~-'J'/- t.)

(i)

?--,..Jy~I'~?-lP~d::::.'JL~~'-(j-,J~JJ4--'J'..J}rkf L~/JJ.-fLJ'UJ,;--?j..J)S(l!i7·'J'LUJ! )JLV'-'J'~~.,!..Y~L .I~StY ~JfJ;SJ~'-'J'uj;y< -,. ['·-~-,....c?~L~L~..J~ ... -~L~U_;~~'.:::..--,}~-,{/.::.-jJ.Lr~Ar·-'J'~)(G'/'l:;'L~'-'JI./.~ f7-t'~Y<fiU;..J(...jv.r LJ!il'::'-~'J~~'~~;y'Lu.vv.:Y<-'')' , ~ S ~- v.r'4'4 d:-J-,L~I~ L.LrL jl7.;S ~I-'JIJ G7~~'1

~/JJ~~Lvl-'JI'7-j)~"~{uY(~;L~I./)'/.-+:'.,:..f'l7. ~-v.r z_1;{uJP_l(L/-t)u-"J_"'j~SUil;u-'vS"::/;~ r)J,jlj l!i7'I-'JIj'I}JY< uY. .:::;_.;gS.::.- lJ,..v)i ,"!"y ~Lu-"~ jt S~I-'JI/.


t.)~)Uf

rf_f-I:"~V'~'::'-.J(PJ.%jj((;)I,..Y~L0'fJ~v~j:.IJfJ

~Af'~t.JJf.JJ/Ll,./f':::;J~~UJ/)J.J#(b';-fff-I:"~~~(f}f~_;:: rr_Jl:;fJi' '-..4{J~.JJfJ.;'~f/J~Jf~f;!..yff-~~.J}tfJU,,;J> (l,./f,;IJ.::.:;.;J£;~Yfdu£·f/u}JJ(;)fJ£

J~ dL_;::i)),-J

(UJ..y'f- tf(1J; (.::.-fJvh)?'J.JJ1V(tr,'_;~./. LI,./frr'_i)--:!vif .JJfLf..,/)v'_;~LUJ..yLif.f-I:"I/(f}fJ.JY;;~.JJff-d(PJ?~ ( r'1~.JJ~Jf i».%1)/r(Y_j(~...;JG'dl:;fvif)~u-!hPfL(;)f ~";.JJfi)~?,J{d·4~LJ1..v/Yf~f~~~J/LuJ..yff-:'(;)!:.Jf;./..::.-fA ....~f~f.JJfL)~v~J./~LuJ/fji,i)(;)l).--jf~U.k1?'Uf.JJJ ~ ., /

v!.J~.JJ~)l,./f.JJf~I"fI._;~L~fo.JJf/)J;;~LYf(;)f_j()d(£.J _LJJ,k'-.?: .. ..-: .JJf~~J~~-?,Jd-f-l:"hit.fJ~.JJf£'U,,;~,t'fo~i) -;UJ..4{ L (;)fimf.::.-Av''::'-.Jf)Jf f-~J_~J/Jf t(;)~.JJLUJ/)J L)~7..JJfL)~J;u.JIJ~.J~'Li)~J~L(;)fLJ1,-.?:?Lu);ft

CD~pr,J;;jL...::.v-~j)...fi/J(p~.J~J.J?~;r.%

r'- _i)._;~dL

(;)~.JJLuJ..yL~./. .JJfu~?1 t;jf~~J'-:1'"(el,..Jl,./f-[J:iLl,./f_f?J:Jfi)Ih)~~UJ..4{JA/~f'-.JvLUJ..y,~y.l,./f_I0'.J

D' _.i...JI(;Lu~ J~.JJfJA")J.J':;',.i..~l:;~J ~ Lu;dJu,,;J(;~(l,./f'f-~CJe~.JJ~.:.-;;L??P.y.JI:"' SI,./f_4:-yl(fL u,,;J~? f- I:")(;)!:-') lP> {lP>.% fL)Yt.J(~J Jtr (;)1 rq_f-J~jiJ..Jj}u.%t.fJ()~/~JJj£J(Jf;du~~.JJf'::'-J~ JJ(J.%~J_f-if.;f.t);f.t~/UYtA~'Jfu.tJ}Ju,,;J~~;r~

~;ftf f-:''::'-~~jiJ.tr...fi [.-f--

I:"V ~v u~,,; J.JIJ)L I,./f.o?v L

111--


";~(.PJ'f J'

J~ I)! 4-(;.L

i,))~_/Jf i,)j_';'f.) 'i,).h/~jy'iJ'~.)(."

..JV;Li,)J~~i,)J!f(f0f_~.)'6~J~if.2ffv.i£I)!~.)~L~~ ct}?I)!L.(PLi,)JA'/J(;~')Jfi,)J.)f~)Li,)J~')Jf''f-rJ1fiU;~ i,)}~J(;.Li,)>ff,.(

ur,:;,/,)J~_v.!L/J;I)!...£~~f~J0g;fA'

''f-.),,;~JI(~~/-t.),.(~~~(01.£r£_((;)ffJ.)L)(tfif.~

i,);~~,fJ1V~Ji.(d;ofiJ'~1)! i,);~0f~I,b Jz,.-f}~.{1;.; . J'J1'~,J'f~ _~~')J)')J)(.,l)~?1)! VVJ)--";()U;.a?(.,,LJ'f')JfVVJJ71)!)(tfJ~;&ij~ ,,;.{0fJJ'i,)l?)V?.a?(."L~~)~_fJ1~_;10~} (dJ (..J v;L i,)J~ j i,)~!)Ji~

».« rl)!J!Jf.¥:j)fL~k

_J.' LJ1(/.,/f?

i'..J/

JJ7')Jf,~)/.~i,);!')')Jfi,)J~7';-f~4J.)~'J' J7+-J' ~r~L ~J'f? LJ):.::J..,f Jfd::-J.)L~jy'01_J! (p.ji,)?"~.::.-fjJ'~~)~ LL/":yJJ,d/JWf~;L0f~J')Jfi:..Lt/"';lf;:YIi,)JY...£J:::. -: .. ..,~ t:_r'J)~r...£Jf((;.1')Jft:_rJ.)J1V((;~.::.-~~-LL/J~f0V~2...

';-fl)!~.)~LJ1' ~ri'')Jf')J/J'/-ij_'f-JrJ)~~.)}v~~ i,)J~?J)/t."J;c/ ~J J'i,)jQJ}0fL ~01,..J V;/.L.::.-f-1~~(." _i:..r£_.)g;fL

jf;of,v.!L/..Ji>f~~/J)...fI,::,-WfJI.;)~h~if.j,(P(f')Jf...fl (ii) J)L'::"yl.?i,)I/-JJ10\:'.))Li,)J~')Jfi,)~?'f-~J~.,::..5-~J~fJLlff L£o.!%!}')Jf.;;.,.y'J J'J'f'-?~J J' JCfJ'fL .::.-fJlP0\:,.))L i,)J1J) L 0f'i:.. ~fJ~

.

i,)J1J)~} ijy',.( 'f- J')J/ c/t;7J'.::.-~ J'f,2...

.

;'

..

.1uJCJ~_LJ1JI?.::.-V'L0f~~i:..V8f.)jLJ'j..,ff/Jf.::.-liW t~.)},LJ~_i:..;:(;~~rF'Li,)~?,J~V!J'~/J'....({Jf(Uii~~~

()JJ,dL....({Jf((Jij...£~/?~J.)Jf,J'J"'"':"'CJ~fl)!.)J)L~~.1Li,)~ --

IIr--


(~.1_f-t'.lJ.7~Jif,D~~\(.(-"f.''''fJ:IPI)'''~~,,:-,;I~:f_~) ,-_/')),,(,./

L)

lr:l.H 1'_£,1 ut;('(.)t;.1~i

o ((wI~I

,JA 1'_£,1

~)IPI~DI(._.((1I(Uii~~.....adt'u!LUvl{-t;')';-ILUn _~./)~I

~

JIj~._.((1I(Uiivl,.!...tLL..t1(;iJ.L~fu! J;,~=u,~_~ t'.fJljl, ..(...,Y)"iY{/J~I? ,LL..t1"-~u!

U,j.;J t.5)I)~,

JUiL7LU,~_~.f..:J(,JL.lrL~I?,~~,Y'0'~~lv~L )i{Uil./._t!~I_~~lloJ~~~(~),'ut;J(J~~u!..::.v-') :.c....~Ut;J>L..t1L.I , ~t.5)I~~e'~~t.5/')~...fiLUnu!

LuL

/-i)

~,,-.t~,;-lf"J~I,u:i,,:-,l?,~Jf(if._f-JiJzGu*; _.c.... ,...L)},Y'J.lb.--L (fl.£,...;i...-I,.."., ,;;;..._I),I,.c....0')./ ~~

~~t.5/'MIf-~)J~u!u~fuJj;t.5).,. ..J~~...fi 1""1_~ ......

J'~'" ).""1.)':'

(.1;( I~U~(.)

..;:;~)LvI"':;', L./fi.:;:)';;I,,.{ f- t'.I"-,,"-}~?=- ut;J> _t'~u:i~fUi)./%.Lt'~I,L._.((1I(Uiit.f-A'f-l(((~J/_;(...,)JIt.5)I) _f-t'~I,./"';;fuyft;Lvl./JIf-t'.f~Jt'~~JU~J..::.v-'{/';-leJ

ifJl(I7JJI(I.7-:-Jlf~I))L:

f- ~J ~ ,.{~J~ (Jpvl._.((1I(Uii,.{

j,}>./JI~I~.I?fu1'~;iur')';-I)JI~~L._.((1I(Uii~

l'- _L~

JPI~;t..;:..-i}=-);~LUilf. U}J)~ILvlu!...fiJi ~ u! ~I~

["_L ).7?{~(;:.-J.kzu!fl'-r"L~~))t,.{ ~u:i~

J~{':'~VI~;,Y'=-

(iii)

J(.,,,;:,,-)""LUI)J)I.;)t;~~t]t.5)L._.((1I(Uii)JIUt;.:.I)l,..-~I.:."JvIV ~_;}J~Iv!'t.5)J?u~)!??~L(~";;)J,,:-,4;L~jkl)JIt.5)}~ --

1Ir'--


1:)'~((Vfi?~J'~(tfLU'm~(;H~_.IJ~.I'-J.I.~~ L.lYtJJ.lJ'J(LL)~'fv.rL~(,j'(().I'_;~.I;'~{'L)J~'~~'L)_,iJJ

~:£._;b~T-.IYJ~JL~/J/Jr~--?JJif.J_;Jl.J.'J~JL)J.I'~r' (1:)c!'~.IJ'U>~~Lif.J.l.JG'JJ~L)(;~/;.IJ'L)(;/tLL)~'_£. ()fi~A~4().IV.lJ'VYt? ~01Y~(?'L(JJZ~~~'Vd-JY~

~·_$.~Je:.~.I/rhe::'JLL/~~(~ uVu!;';;'for,..;J~.IJ,~,-y'(V;?~J'U'.IJJ~(;J~~_.IJ~.I' JL(p.y..::.J>J.L)'.IJJ~(;'..::.-r'{'/~'L~LI:)'f7-r;§.;J',v!'j ?u!...£.~'~LJt/LL)(;'::'-')~.IJ,..j(J'(lJii~~Lv,_r}J;lf( (v"~;( ;w,~ (..j(J'(lJii?L)(;~)!)-v.rL/ ~~{'v'~J'0J'JJ.I L~~JYfoL)_,iJJ:'~G:.L?(ij(...:JY~?,,-:,,;r.lJ'~'.I..vrl:)'b if~?I:)!(.IJLy'_v.r .i...'_';.I'J~j (&~J:~L ~ ()fi~~'.IJ' v.r j~J~~~.Ii,-y.J.::.-t~'-.I~I:)'L~Jy~J)LI:)'v!'JJL~ (lJii.lJ'L)(;.::.-IJ~?' 7- v.!'::'-JL1' J~'~..::.-r".1 ~'.I.~,J! v~ '-.lin .e: f _£./kt'J.::.-~,j'L().I'~L'JL~L~/..j(J, . ~ (v'~.I;''-.Iiu!LlP....(if~f~'''''''J,J.lt'(()~ilYt.lu}' -: ..,. .. v.!~ L)J.lkv~..IfL ~_,i b.lt'J~~ J,-:"J'v"__;(~_C:C: ~ V'v.t i

~J_v!'JrJ..;?v.r()J,Iv!~~~J~,:£.Jt.:.~tLt:lJY-';:-lfj/ J~'L~JY!I:)'V~~dL~ if#~J\_;0 ji~t/Jj.~ ~ LL)Yt';'I:)'-(Yt~~0'_.t,,~, 0L.(rv'f~J/J.I / --f:,{"~ t/ ~ ~'L L)(;~PcV'A/'-Jfi;!_.t,'J! --i('{' '-.I~'L ..j(J'(lJiifu!,-.I~ v'~ L~u!~JL. (r.IJ'~ I:)~ J ..:;;;?-7- 0'?! J L([-!..::.-r' {'/

,e:..I'JI.~JL~;.::::....,r~-~...:J'J0'_.t,'~,,:;;;?~'fLJjJ..l,..,L ... -: .., .. .. LmV'?'7-JYt(fi(y0L)-"'JDJ'L)i.J.lLJ#L)!/v'~L)J;(iJI:)'.IJ' --

111"'--


Ui,;..Id..JI.1..v"",'L;,...,..._,--I"d;;/JV-J~ ,QJ(.... J",Ui,;),,;....,I} " _lro~/lrr"d;'..JI;;J.1.2>jif_~·JV-Jd~;i._'J!~~,;j Jt.1JI;Iff.u..?I.;:..-I_/'U~if..lu/-~JV'Jd~ji.-::f1P7.;:..-I_/,ifJ~1 ,~JI;J!_J~LJ?,Ji j.1~.1Jft,,.A Jk--'('.1Pi'r1qr.::. ,~.£ .2>1if,J ifL.;;-'J,JJfi'?' _J~LJ?'~JV-J~i'dV-J.-v. ~ _~JV-J ,(1.1~Jt-J~ LJ?' ~JV-Ju,/.lJ~ i, ui,;Uyy',;:,,-~',..:.-I.7.t,.)i,;uyy' .2>lif,~PI~/"JIJdlf.'_([.(,:.t ..LI.1"';(...._~JV-J~,:"t#~' _~JV-J w..1fl_~JV-J~i,~,

..A~";:'J~I~'_~JV-J~i,':'..t.1Jt"I:l..JI(Uii

(I (r

(r'

(,...

I"!'I • _~JvJ_I" _I.?qv...- .....t ._)/.:.,'.1'.PV JJ I"~ ';,

.i '[:.. ~

;1}~";_~JV-J(I.1''u..l t.1C-',..Iu/_~JV-J.2>1 if, 'I_/lJli):i',('.1J£ ,..if'd,f~}'~JV-J r!'_~ c'U.-v.t.1C-',ui,;if(:-'I_/lJIJr.',ui,;

(0

_'~JlJ~ _rlqOI,_!J J.Y1:J/.'dlj)I,.2(J.2...L..:.-~Jui.CJ

JjIJJ~";

('1

rlqOr'J'J,~~~t.1C-:JUii..?I~

_'f-~YlJ,?~}bc-Ju!mVI..rlilJ"u!rl'::'i\IL",:,,;iif'..I

(z,

';:"-Jllt.1C-:''f-c:UlJZd~=,u!~.1J",:"JIJ..1c-~L()..vLlYl.1()I~ _1r',,,d;'~JV-J_r!'_~'~,,;..Ii./}.>J.£ij _.::.'1L '1.. ..:.-li-"(JJ)rrli\.::.,...:,;$c~I,~,~0-'I~:t,.)i,;J? _'1ri\C-'1r.::...:.-lk(JJ)r'~1 _r'orC-r'o•..:.-li-',JJI)rc'YlJl/Lv'

--

II~--

(i\ (q (I.


_'1r'.Yc(J))r,~~,~,

(If (Ir

- '1~~Yc(J))r,~,

(Ir'

_~ '1qt"'1••-='-~(J))r'~'_IOAt"IO~-=.-~JJ,)r,~,

_...J,f}J./.Y·~.:cJV)Jji.,'JlP7.,::..-y:U(;J,p,

(II"

b.lt"(fh--SLUL/-i)~~J.''f-..;;ui./(,_,c/-i))If-'~' ("-'flr~r'i.l )ro_.! .:cJv)~L~''f-jj(

(10

-1.ot"/I.r'Y.!;'.:cJV)~I-~,JI}~I.fI:l5)~r...£JI(IU~ 7< .1_ / If· .. Jof ~,. ,-,. 'I .;..o:"dJI).#,;I~I -2J::;'.:cJV)~/ U 'U(;-=.-)'.I'y.lt" 'U(;-=.-)'.I'

(1'1

j, J,

(I~

J.

_Or'Of' ~ljlfi~..;5

/-i)~-l.#(j1J.l5.1~~.IJ)L~)...£J'U(;J>

:'f-~~I=-=-:~S-='-~}v--!.lj';-'H_V~)h?(;)li)(.....((1,(uzj

~/-i)v ;VH; ~~(;)pSU_H(;);? cI,/.))} L ~?' ..{;LJI~..:)~.lJI....t:?~~UJ~?.lJI,L'f-.l':-;IJ ~-=.-tlf~.lJI_'f-~).f~.4'~l5.1I)"'::;~)l5.%~I'L'f-.I ~'f-SJ,(~S~...fC?jlfi(}v...Ji>1 -I"I"Yc(~'dJlj~I..!.dL~r~Yc(J))r,~~,~, _U'1Yc~~I~' -1·Y'.:cJV)~fJ.:::"I1;.lJ"::"-Y'

-=.-/.'....J-d (.;f>~y(- '1rAnr~''1.rn.'-=.-li''''(J))r,~~,~, _n_"-Iy'!;,...J,f}J.I~fJ..:cJV)~'-~':"'C r'Ato n

y'!j,...JL!}J.I~.f J'.:cJV) ~LJ ,:"CAt(f.',jJ.lG I:[..)I.I}

(rt

-Aq'~Ot"~I"y'!j'...J,f}J.I~.fJ..:cJ·V)~,-~,:"ti):if-../c _q'1t"qOY.!;'.:cJv-)~,:"'t-=./':"/1)/ _1r'r'1y'!;,...Jlf}J.I~.fJ..:cJV-)~I_~':...uJI~.fi':U(;~ ,-=.-I1;.lJ .,::..-y,,,-I_I"r'y'!;,.:cJV-) ~L~ ,~~../ykJ /-

(rr ( rr'

i)-=.-)l( Y.lC"

(rl"

_'11"0t"'11"1"-=.-li'" _r'r'YcflqOOl5.1?J,),(!VI(;)I.:c}.;.-I,2()2....L.!;,7.~A;JI

--

11'1--

(ro


'J

_,-1_ qr.,d;_ lP.,::-Y:'IAI.,d;, (j1}Jl.fl'

(n

_'-LOf"''-I_I'''1.,d;'Dy~~t..:-/.:'~.::. '1Y.~~I~' (r~ _'1f"f"y.:.:..,1.1;)J"::-Y' (rA _,-I_f".,d;':CJV-J-}"' j,(( ~):~~)Jt :!-~'

(rq

_'-I_Of".,d;'~t":-/.:Dyi(

(I"'.

_,-Lf"r.,d;,~~.ly.kJ/-t)"::-Jl/ tA·:,,-I_'::''::'.,d;,(j I}Jl.fI'

(I"'I

~1_~,/.:ij~tA·"J)y.j)(G/.:'-'.n·/l.r.,d;,~t..:-/.'dl)/

(I"'r

_,-1_'1r.,d;,:c JV-J _'::'I"'AY.~~I~'

_J'1'1''-I_r'I'1.,d;,/.:ij~tA·' . /

/

(1"'1'" (rr:

_I"'•.,d;,~t..:-/.:.ll)/

(1"'0

_o.oy.:':"'I.~)J"::-y'

(1""1

_lrf",lrr.,d;,~ JI~)~'

(I"'~

_f"I"',,-,_~•.,d;,~~.ly.kJ/-ij":-Jl/tA·'

(I"'A

-~~&,'JP.tA·' _f"l"'rf"rcI"'A.,d;, ~~.ly.kJ/-ij"::-Jl/tA·'

(I"'q (f".

_1"'1'1.,d;,(~Y::..t~~' (f"1

_M,.::..::.r.::. '1.,d;,/.:ij~t)r'

(f"r

_'-UOr'~_If"O''-LAA,(jI}JI.fI'

(f"1'"

t~,J n)~)Jfr'V:; ~IY:JJ~j...£A)(;{

_:CJV-JJ~

rl"''::''I'''.,rrrrl..:-lf'"''fIAn'II,'':;&(d''),~j~~',J~~~(1Ji

(f"f" (f"0

_n _'::'r'1Y.~~I~'

(f"'1

_qf".y.~~I~'

(f"'::'

J',Ji(;L~J~j ~tJ(;J> y.rJ)~~J'/(JI.!I..::r.!)-I)~J;;YL(;)i)'L)'~r'L)?(;)~;' .i.LJr'J~J'~w.~)~JJJ'.ri(._,LJjJJ?,-y.LtJ(;J>.I( ~-~)y~~ tJJ4L~I)JI)'Af;~

--

II~--


J'JL~(;J?'~y"L~V:f'~'i\_J'~ )..:;)'J{.L/J/0'k-iJ(i:'Y~:( ),f£ 1&rL).I'_;.:..;:li~?yJ'v'ulf.,0J(/'(~/..::-/j ";.';;L.U(;J~_liV't?{((p,.J;t~(J~~Y.IJL£t.,j.l"U(; J!'~J'~j_fY.,_£.~,:-w~v.:~U(;j>i..L~jLL(; e'.Ij';_/'J~=L.I'~y"-ihr,)~,:,}Jvu(;j>i..v',Iv.it L)ZLU(;j> dj)..{ ~';_Afv'_lJ/.:;/(h/LY,,,'J'Vi.?~ U(;J~J.IJ'0'.I~V:d'jLv'~~'liVVi.?L/(;.-L,.-(.::,,~

_'·0 t"II. r'"

-~qi\Y«JJk_I!Y.~~ _O"f¥i\.,d,;,U(;L)yy,,::,-~' (f¥i\ •• ,d';,~'VJ(-,-~,(l;f.u'jJJ~(;'~~ ../jL,.-.I' (f¥q

-~OY«'k'(;(J'JJ::'.!d"fli\qi\~~'VJ(-'_~'(Vfi?:t.:/../ ../y,.b£i)'::"Jl?t.lt":"Ir.t"I"q.,d';'~'VJa>fJ~/.:z-"~'.Ikr _1'1f¥t"I'1r.,d';, ''1r,d,;,~~

--

jj" -.-

(0.


:~}b./rJlr~ -=:-L Ifif~L..::.-,_r y.J to jJf...0J?Oy~~J..;)J~~L~;6;t·JG'~~~~~,JlPJ~; ~}.;JG'~/6;t·~'('-.f~f 7-(f-J\~( J...t~ji L7-JJ( U ,.;:_lI'~;6A·JG'~'_J£jv1~J?J6;t·(]jJ~~L,L~v1 , .. ... ~...Ii""~~_';:_":;')J?JL.I..:;,L.I~JI~":;":>W>J~.;._AJ'1 .. .., . . ,(.)}!f 7- ~'/ -=t/~ i,J!.} 6;t·JG'~-v.r}.;o~ ({L if.7- Jly Ll.i'J'Y(~}6)C'JG'~r~-~ ~JJ..;v.:;(~S [;;h.s;:J)JI(.)J)q ~JG'~)J,J~!}?~6)C'JfJ/V'-v.r LJ1J0.;._)~J,y({jiv.r L 6;t· JG'~V'\'7- Jf JG'~j 6)C'J/V'\'7- r~J?J~L ,..,ji~~)~L~~L jJl;h . .. ... \'JJ1v16)C'J(.)j~LL~~6)C'(] .. (.;._./IJ';'_y, ~';'_./'JLJ'('7- (.;._./iJ~ (.)J./IJ -v.rJ7~~';'_./'JL6;t·(]j?v.r~'6),jiJG'~)~(;'(u~';'_)~ • LtJ)i)J'tJ}jJ~(G' t.:f.../? 7-1j)" (.)}I;:~~IJIj.J i,J!.; 6)C'(]j • tJ}u,/. ~jLJ'~I;,JI;:~,(.)}';:~~L4~ .lL~ (.)p

tJ1

-r

t

r

-1~~; 19-JJ1v1~ ;-=S~11~1;:~-=,,)}(];!J~ 6)ljiJG'~tJ)~,..p.• _D)C'SJ~~(j~}.&/1D)C'S:IJJI)~C"lj~_r,o/y~ S 'JG'lJ/)JI\'7-D)C''J~Y"'J,/~ 'JG'lJ/V'f 7--= Jly 'II)~

/J7Y


~Cl\;.1},;~u.= D~

f

-7t"I:'V~L!f(~)..J~Lvf • ~7b)t"~(f~J/._j;Jf~b)t"dAr~~h'U::ib)t"JG"~V • ~~L.lr?':tdjlJfJG"~/b)t"?~/(;Y0Jh • _~~j..t1?....(I0'(b)t"d jb)t"J.:z,yji~_J""....(I(~I;f~.:z,y J, • .., ~.. ,... ...

JG"~~J~I;f~(',.(7())J},~LL~...f~t.f;Jf£/~Uf u.=~vf-~t.f/JLU::ib)t".Itdj0'.a?loJfJ~:/~(b)fji ?

:~c:C~Lf)j(.::..-tL?·)U~Ii)~ , . .. .. ~

~))JJ.~/(;YLb)t"dj~();J/Ll(-L/(;YJ)t"d(;..h())buJ~J/ L./;I.t~hIJ)I)~t")Jllj~~/Y,"/L.:z,yu.= b)t"djJ ~I;f~[P

_I

_LI:'())~ltIJ)I~Jf~ )J'LI:'~))J;~/(;YJ),jid(;"..J/u.=if.,U::ib)t"~(;.-~(jh~j';J/ _r -Ll:'h)j)'.t~~,,-//U}Ij'dj,.(;> ur)I.5."J.?))'J)t"t.f~uJ."-/J)L~J-'!L~~~,.(7:},;~ _r' (.,~_~J~~t.fu.=~(;.-Jkzb)t"J.:z,Y)A_,1i'?6vrL..t1"-7.u.= , . .. .. .. L J(,....(I/.....,Ii'?~L'j'L U::ib)t"J UJ.UiJ))J)(~(;.-Jkz~.;? M

••

~~W'~J~L~I;f~b)t"Juj~~~)J'~~}.D)u'_7G[)~)}

_7Jl~~;t.fu.=~"')J' lfiu,/. [P7.::..-AY~.::..-Ll~J'::"-~'J~L'YL4J'y3u{;L?)l¢,,; L£/J'Yv')J'~J..t1~J;VjiL..t1~~AJ,f~~J'.Yvfu.=4

_I"

~£~;lI:'(~_)JU))?)~J'~"~'J)'U))?)())F()/<)_l:.!~ ~ _~.::..-tL?)~L'Y~~Lb)t"Je0'-..fI ",:",(f'?Lr~L£/J'YLrL,,-Jbu.=uJJ')~b)t"JG"~

J~/J4~?-)jLv')J'7V",:",~·'(U::ib)t"u)~J.::..-r;( &'L


~..::.-~J./r:ufuft.t:'V:..::.-./~JL.frV:~;I)~LY?...fiffIj,.;./,If- f Jv: b./r:J":,,,((~~~t.t:' i,.;~(li:_f- JJ1~IgJr -v:b./r:rLY ~J0(;JLb./r: ~1>,~I)}~~l).[":"'~·'Ij~..::.-0Lr?-L~vl"(JIY: _f-J~fJL.fe,,~vpl~j~./pLrc.f-JIg~ +»

~ r.~~LUk'\I,~ril:~!;f~;t· V~i~:.r'~01.t(;~~-f-/ ~1j..::.-0?-~~ Jc{_~~JfJL~V~V:d'j~~~f-~L~ ,itJ./)l/.illtJ./~V:..::.-';:v?k:;:JtJY.~)~Jl)J2}~ / ~1j~0l)i.-i: i,)J,t/?./r'i:./I)~./';-1 IYo ?-~./~ c1J'J;;JV: 0~)0)~LfJ;;J ~0V~((~-fdJ~vl'V'r~~4?..::.-lj~(t~vl~~I~~:;:/ ~./IjLj iJ1--:.j._()LJ1Ij...{fdJ~l)},)J,_i:?!i i:L~(;/.tJ;)I/.~l);,)'V'r~;~I~~r:~J1f; ~i:L~J1_(~~'V'r~lj,J?(liLtJ./)I/../,' wl~if.UvYL.....,li'~'~tJ/ JiJ0:.JJ~/v~1 VL,.;>./p ~L(Pvl~~;~·}(.nr~'/"e)v:-f-lf~»I~'f-~LJK.//.; •

..

"I

••

&'L;'~~-f-/~Ij"::'-';:f-Ij..I;;t/JIg.;:.-./~tJ~-f-J.Jj

V:J.t£~l)J(...fiL..::.-0&'L.fj(.J~0(;0)1)~~Lf t,j~t//Ifo~f-1./.:;..f.~{)~Se?,t0(;0)1)~_i:£_J..fr tJl}[:IIfo'/,'i: ~)~t.~I,).f"!"~f..::.-t/&'V:mLdlr~--?J,-f1jJ,~J ~)?,~Ll)x:t~~'..::.-0 ~lfJ1~~)IJLf.tJj;,.-&,~

c

j·'(~jlg,././,IJ1jul~~~..::.-0~lJvv~Y?:~LI.Yvl,/"f-~. --

Irl--


-..::.... ,

J ~';:"-.J~~)?y ~c.d (t (",:",D" ~I ~)}J-Jv:~)~ L.:;,t) u?)JV:~)~ L if.'7- J 1JJ(...Jf,,)fi ui.:;,~:,cf-£~l(DA'~~~ J;~)vld'7-

v: ~,v.r J?'Yv.:C0p ~ IJfv: ~) ~L .:;,1/- v.rt.!:J1~ ~ v.: D" ~if .:;,t)~A·Jff",:",D"~ Lf~ v: t)1 t.f-A'7-J?'YJIyJA'){/' vi~J(.,~)~:,V: LI)J/-o'-J1";UJ(0'~t)~)t"(t (",:",D" VI"}''7JLYJJ(.).r.D"u?)JLL~iD)t'JL~LfJJ(..::....I;';'_'VI'JU~J ..... , .. .. _..::....J(;,AI~._.,.." , .. I .

" V'

:'7-c(~V~:turY~y'JJfuJ)-;J)t'V:~)~L.:;,t) j~t)(;Jh(g.~ -, PiLt)(;Jh(g .~ _r Jf~)kvL ~iD)t'.a?v.a?vLLJ1AJJ(Pi Lt)(;Jh (g v;J;;?J~ L L~IV: U?J(J ~JI J;v: ~i D)t')~;'7-)JJUyf )J'UJJ...v.~.:;,t)PiLf,qf"~~Jy.~'v.r':;'~?JJJvl_t'I~~(( (;1) c

Jf~

Ui.D"J D)t'vif L (', £ V~.:;, t).iJ...v.-'7-~ Ij, (u_,..,c;

Ji,..p(~iD)t'J'j..J/,.;J~iD)t'~JIJG'~f'7-:,~J/JJ_~J)

~JG'~V:u.,Jj(J'jJD)t'-~~J)';JfJ(.,(.:-J> ;(~,J(~~ J;-'~);IJlj~t)(;Jh(g?~hJ)~)(;~~/ft.-_";YL~ib)t' .:;..fly If)~)JI'~;~('I)JI~_lJ t'J1)~J7. J; u(.:;,~J'J J-.f( ~~JJ~ ('I~L .:;,t)~)t'..Y~ L if.'7-J)JJJ""~J...v. J':;'~JI )JIJ...v. ~ Ui..../ /.uJPJ.....,li-... JV)JG' . . '~)J1 uPi Lf,qf"~_..::....),.; ,,... ~)~PiLt)(;Jh .~(g-JJJ~V:JJ)~JJJtJr)J~v.:CJ J~/ _#.:;;_

--Irr--


..4.

'.I((.,.-.:-(.':;""~SJ.lP(,.; ~ld}.I)J!/j.l~.I():t.Ji J1)~,}L ~;y

v!Ui.CJSb.Jt·u},.(0'.I~~...fI-(.~,,;,-P(ui.CJdSb.lt"')IYJ.Jt·

U~.I;y.G".IJIS?ISL'v.,-P(u:.}b.lt"~~ldJdL(I-:-:?;ju L J~1).IJIUJ.lI;!L Ui.ll}; '..::.1(> ~)/v'k:J ul!;:;"'~)I....Ji')IY ...fI.:;....~-J,,;v~"::'.IJ?0?/I"::'~JI:jlPJ.lt".:;....v!..::.I)~( v'1?..::.1'J.lj~) Jy.0"'.:;.... Uh%~ (.h~(v,--?ji()A7 J! ~~J?.IJI(I.lJI

L )~Sv'lji Jy.!J--?ji..J)vlJ,-0 Jy.,-P ('-{~.IJI~ j ..::.r'I.I~I/. .:-(.L b.lt"())~I.lJIj";'(fk--J..::.';'L()vt,J..r::. ().I{.IJIt,J..y;iljlJ,", up..I)/J~ IUi/

i,y.::./})} ~;~!~)(fI_Ly.;;:_

(.,.-'-.1In

:jlP.:;....

u~S..::.';:l£(JJJ!.:;....~~J.lt"(lvl~LU~~Jldl$",(fk-J!~J'7.12.:;.... Ulr.;;:1):J..::.I.I~I ~;~!?t.fl0'.Ivi'~vf.l),.:z .IJ1...fI-i:.. ~~,-j?

~J.lt"Ly.

J,..:)I$"

L}S':;"")..4.0d-0 vi'j;;7~,

.:;....1 LL.:;....ULf:';;IJ?.IJI~k),.;((.:;....~ v'lP!~IY~y),.( ~~(fJ~

("::'~?J(liv'I_~k)/J(;v!~CJ/'-).II}b.lt"L4~/~/t.!_dJ. ~.I)~('v!L.IrLu:.}b.lt",.(7J~Y.eIJ"::'~:0',:;",,?~'i~()//

_'(y.,jJ:;I;P> Yo L I_dJ.L.I (J\..... .. J) v.;r:1JJ.. '::"'.1.11(; ,

~ L "::'';'~.It",.('(y. ~J1~t/~14"=.:;...."::'(.;,J/v~--?.IP

L-;:r,~Lvl_7vi'..::.Jwl~10vl'7'Y.((?bvi'0'IY.((J/v! LY.'-/(.IJI7')I~I~)V.:;....Jvi~J(v,~.I_"",.(Vv!flk.ILv!,.(

j...::.r') /Jly:

~/ 2S..::.';'r;;.It".:;....d;..

~'('-/v'£JI'(y.0(:-0 _.::...)?Y)IY.j-.1 ,

to L.--..::-f.f.::...,..,..::.l ,... ·1A '-.::... , ":::;,)1

~t.(f-!~JJ' b7 ~V')I~~.:;....,-/ ji bv.;r:'0

v! v'P (f.l~;p.~L.(.;v! )lyV'

--Irr'--


J...?I,.....CI'~ _I

,Jlyl'~ ~JJLc...;wIL ::'-~..JiNI/U/,,:-,c:r J~I~ Je(,.-jl~ iYLU./I~J:}~..i'IY,;~,.; ~ ~IyL ::.-y.;b' r ~~bA·J,,:-,crL..JyPY~'';-7V)jn5..i'1,.,.t~~'~~~~ JJ.;./},L~~ L~~~A·~,('rU)v:i';'y~1 ~./r _f~~~~ j/~~~JuP.;,,:-,If~LJc~"~~..i'I(If;~:_v2' L/ L,,:-,0:.7 Cl~ ,,:-,cr vl)j(~~lP)p::..L~~ 4- vllJ r~~ 2....1./

r'~~'~~

~ J.UvLr~

./,(r- I" )/~~ ~ l./{

Jk. ~I./)1"" ik

Pt'~~~./{Jk.;'-I./,~,ji0,(/(f)r-L~./)L~~~) 4:-)) I}~~ rJ.,~~LIYL ~~9./r~l..JyPY ~'';(_IYtJ,)~ :f v2'L/JJJ jJ..vI:~UI?)~1Jr9)r~c:rLt~J..J)~_J.?v2' ~{t.f'(;;;JJI.-':I~~..i'I{~v.-v:ib./rJ~~,,:-,~ . L_·;;f,.fv:ib./rJ~~('£~1 L~~~Ui.cr~tf!JU/~jiv}vlf7Jp~J..J./~ -~.:..5. ,

J (;./"._Jb,..:>j;(_~),y~) ....,..

'"

Uif.~tJl~,-./

.L

.

JI;).;:..-~IJ _r

~v'kLJI-":I~~..i'I,(j~..i'19)r'~~19./r',~,'~J~PIf;~~

J~0./,1J./r Ji(,.- Ji(,.- L L/,.b~1(UP ~~-; ~(IAI"'LI"")mlr'lr- ~~ Lt'L ~A.JtJ1'J.UvLci!J' ;~..tY,; -7

J~if.J' ~I

--

Irl"--


is/ ~(1t\("~_("t\)a>Ir'1(,,

L (;)(; t)J./../J.(P~J (;)(;(;)L7)I;.!../;;:3.

ve~~

'(tf vic;_. J!"'J"!"'./IJ~ L/t If'-~ ",:,,~t~-Ve~c;_.(tL 'jl;J~WIJ ~(It\~O_~

wi

(1t\("LO. )a>Ir'1'1

'1)a>lrqrc;_.I./JI ~IJ./"?';

...

. ..

l_lfe~'AJJ~l'lq'1""LdJ'(IJJIJli'o:UI)I~"?';wl

~~ui~;JVc;_.LI.~L-=--I,{/~"':"~HCzS~)f;.!t

.

~..

..

LL(p(;)Vljc;_../J1jJL,~(;)ULiL,~..?I,Jly...(l_V1hJ(;LIYJJ '"

:~~~.A , ~_/JJ./JI (;)(;JiJ~.lJ.(P A (;)(; (;)Uu~/~ -'f-

Ci£..v~ ~JI./IAJ_,f(;)uJ.-, ..(,:$~ ;I?S

~/v' UJ1I}..::)JJ

1(I'I~q~d./?""·)a>lrll(;)~~)L)vl2::J

.

./!1'_"~L~./J./JIc;_../J1jJtlJJ . ..

j'~f~

Lu;.:r'(dJI./L~./J ~....

~Y./JI0J!",:"H''f-c;_.J~ 1, )JvhJ,Jc;_.('./.{Y' )wY'

JIUKJ1./~~-=--I,{ '-_VJLI.lJ~~'«(;)I'~~"':"') L ",:,,'fo:,~)f;.!t-'f- ~ ~L Ui.iJJi. ",:,,'fo:,Jlyr'YJJ LUJ(IUJ('(-=--IJvf c;_.jl;y

o

:'f-~JLJ1 '(vIJ/-'f-

--

L./h'(4-

iJJ~ /JJ_'f-t'./(;)~J(p'(Ui.1JJ

L"':"~ L~./J./JI~L~./J(;)\(>./J~ lJJ~'

f'f-U~~c;_.dJ~I(~Lvl_'f-vlv:?7~,~~ L(tvIUJ(J,..r;JIJdJ~uJ(JJI'f-(;)(;JIJ(";'(VI~./ ./JI,JJJu\(> ,-=--I,{;./JIvJ

e.. (;)LJ.--' -=--";"./U~ -vJ

L",:"'fO:',,,:,,~L1./Jf v.t ¥-v.t c;_...::.-(.;./JI-=--~ fp

(;)VJy. L~./J......D (.t -=--./~'-r""./JI'f-'Y. cz: uJ~./J'-r""

./JI(~./JI./IP}./JI;f.c;_.j~ L{/~

J:._l-'f-~~c;_. '1 ~ '--:::""1.1 , •.:;_/

--Iro--

.


.;;::_v-:/ ?,.;l,P)v!

......,If' . .-: .-D.J (; _ r'

fIAO.,.;;;JIi'-: ~.::.....#Lif.:"""Ii'-: b.Jt-'S~(;Li.

e(;

.JJI~(; i_i.-I)~l)L fl~;A~ If;~,'y. ~ Jk.t ,.;;;j~-:-iJy.J"'v! .. J?-).J/",:",,~L~(;Li...J/d..)fJ(LlZ_I).;;::_,.;~)cP~U;J)Jk.t -1)tJ')t-.l~~IJ/.v!,.;~)~"-i~J\jS~"~.:;f..fL ~.Jt-:'I)~,,-)u)'(..v!.J~.J).Jy. Vv!'Ar'~~(;Li.J.;;::_~u ;cJf{ ",:""If-: (-:4JY.J(,c;I~ U{~ -u.! J(;";(;..fI.JJI~ L~)~~ '''''#v!~If-: ~",:""cr-u.! L)(;)~jL(S ~J/.JJf.Jf;ofL.I-.;;:j..J~IAI.JJf b.Jt-.aY'4 d-~J"~...;)f/Lu)~j.JJfU,?cUJ;'Ui.jJ)'.::.-V(..J~0L"':""If-:""# -~)jt.f~UAJfUJ;~tf!L~jJ)~.JJfUl?.J~iJf'~{'::'-v.v! L~{1P~~f..IP~S.::.....#v'.;;::_Lf..YL.::.-v.~.Jt-')?J~L.J(,;>f :.::...~v!"-.JL , . (f.JJY?-L~f(;)fi),.fJ(~)~j~)V,;;::_~",:""fcJ: L/-u.! J(;~u!J:Y'::'-.J~}u~J.?L.:r-.J';-' L ~ _~Uf?vfJUJ:f}.:..J)S",:""j?.JJfi~..fI~~J/ :~CJ.v!UP'(;)f)j~.::.-Y.V)Uf JLLU~.tfL£_~,_J;~.JJf~;..fI.J.tfL; J;1);t;]';:'JV'-~~}..IP~ ..J)vfLUyP-u.! ?-~ ~ . '_-u.!~ ~YJ).JJf --lr'1--


u:/:J,.;)JY(t~J..:.-y.:JJ~ {' L[:" r.:::....tJ\(o L~~ Li. ,.;>jJ ":'-.Jv-Jj~.JJJ ~)lfJ_{.t1 . " ,;i/ t.J.:::.... . .. '" i5yJ(pj (Ul?.JJdJJr~J?.Y .

,.;J(;.:::....

:~,

..:.-/'JjJ.J~JJr~~ ~~L vf~~.:::....(..:.-y.)/'vJ dtJJJr.:::....JJ.UvL..,f.(iu/ )7-J.t10~ r(u}~L -cvJL'J;JJJ;;.zt:f~0~r~4L~~J~).IL/.1 ~Y~L!.5J~rt:fv.rJ:J.JLfLvJ(~~)~.JJ% (1,g'.J;;JL/,-v.rJ~r~ (JY.JJ~U:'JJ,ijJvJ_7-JJ.J -7- J.t1 J: ":'-.J~}...fi~ L J1~.JJ/'

Jy~

JvfLJr':::"".J~JJr-v.rL.t1 ~~t.fJLUi/,J~ :-~ ~l;;L ,JjJtJ(;.,::..7.J!.5/,J~_$(./l7J(lYJ~..:)\..-~ .:::....m.JJJ ~ J.t1l;; l.!'J.JJJJJY~ t:f t,j r{j ~...J!-

>,>,,":.,,J?t};JiJJUJ);JLv".fJ(~t"rj..:.-.J~} ? '7- /...f5...fi.::,./~ ~J.J~JJr.JJJ d£. vJ -7- tJ .:::.... J. r" ._ -~u , 't~ UiJ,-..:.-L--./,

* .

,":"CJ ~~UJ

fJ~~_v.rJ'J.:::....~#L,":"CJ ..J/J~:

t:f.:::....LJYL4L;:~.J(.p~7-~Jj~.J~uJ~{L..:.-y.~.Jt" _7-vi'~y'(L.JtJ\(o~JtJJU~

t:

-....-Ii' ... L.) 1.7 -I" .JJJ..:.,/k--'..:.-~!.5~JJ.JU~.J~~!f't~~.J~~~~j ~~;'JJ.( ..:.-y.,..PJy.(,":"o:.7-J)tJ\(oJJYJ(D./t"d~./JJJ.bJ~0'lfk--Jl.t1v (,":"CJ~JLvJ~J.UvL...;.:u_~VJJ?-./vJJJ!'(Ulf.7-~,-./~L ~SD.Jt"SU~'/~~'-H~"LurJJUUJp.,~lh:"t~~::JL--./(t --Ir~--


,/JJ1£f"("~/.}q;J)LJf.tJJ!J,,,:",CJ 4~J.!~lf'~t~)lf(t~v'.;:_ ••

=~'L.v'Jv*

:._,;t rr

, r'

,Pf

L'.·'· . ''':"'If'~'''{.;:_'.;:_~v'

~7rf~(y'YU·.;:_(t

-0J;/J)V0';Z"':"'lf'~(tV:ff,,("qp!L2?-0'~JI~

~)J'/(;)}Ir...flL"::"~~..J)l;.it:;';}vIJ~/~..::"fj~~ A/0-=':;J,;-',;-'LUh.,~Lv'-7r'J«)}L)'~;...fIL",:", IJJ ,(.i~I..::,,~L.!J(.~.;:_~J~~ J~~(;)'~(;-v.:J(lfy,,::,,~~.f-L "::"~~V:~UC-'Jy'LVfdL~})frUf)'P!)Jf.tJ(NLur.~ulf. -01kJ'0')'J~/)J'J/(;)}1r0..!.-fh--/uhLv' L ~~(JY'-v.:J(lf' LV'-'J1)~(;)'iJ«f..!.-fh--0J(;)~~)v'J)~v:~v.:{~0J~~ ~JfvIJ)~rJ(pf~~.;:_ ~)J'0 IY,,/LJlf. 0V'JPJ·(pfL~ /(;)}Ir~..::,,~v:.::/hJJLjll1eJ~'.;:_v:~0J~~_'J1)~)'J v.:}0~J~..if=)J'~J1..J?"J/(;)}1r0"::"~~UJJVJf0l1eJ_~ ,r"' :._,;t • ._-li.;..£vIJv*;_t~ ';:_V:\.:Ir\:._r.!.a?l,.-L)~~)j~,,::,,~~0Uh.,~'vIJY . ~~Jlfv:D)r)J'0'/~,~Y,tf~),JIJz5LU,r.)J'LL'.J1(;)~j'!

'J'J~v'?'''f- r.!Jf )j~ vIJJ,J'If t.hL..::,,~v: Uh.,,;-,v'JJ(_ V ~)L(v'J~}-(.i(t)J'J(;(/JJft~L..::,,~~J~J~";"'~(Vf_(.i ,(" ~ r: ,,! -: t" L·..:;,j.) ._-lhf.~;)Jf.,.(;)jlr~"::"0 d~)~)J)J1jJ ~)£{.':;"::;fS ~lf'~tHf c...L'rL u:} D)rS..::"t;( ~ ~lf'~i·~)lf~(J1~(;J,;)i~0'//...fI"UY~J'k.'LvlJJ!'j.;:_L';

"~~j0j,,,:",'~)LUr.AI0k.(D)r...flSu~Lv,j(j£.;:_ ~~~JJ1)~~~J)rA'V:~LD)r0ur.?0~ftJ{;;')'LV' , , .$ ~JfjL0')'~J:.}~'?~'''::'')r'0 i:..(J (;i';'i~'~(")J' ''1 -:J •• ~ L,/,f" • :~j :¢ ._-'f-U fJ(.f~v"..::"V~UJf'),~..,I)....k-=-'f-j;J"'V~L.(.; ,M.

--·Irt\--


~/JJJLVI--?;;'f-V:~.I~L~';_.vIY.(~lf-:i~.I~' .IJI._,rJJ~.ILvlV:~~~I)c;_Y_,;;_LfJ~v:vlt.f/Ui.rJMIUh . . , .. ...

£JLvlc;_(.;)JtIL~,",f.d...vl),~,,;;_LfJJ(uj~J~v:._,rJJ~ .. .... .. ,.. . Lif.'f-llJJ("":-,1JJU.l~~/.~~-I)VIJ~.IJ}'Jj(~~JIi:..LlP.

'.Il/Lvl/"":-,rJJJva>y_I)D£Jv~~I'J.::;....~/I.lh"'VUJ;~y'JJ _.vJl(~("":-,LJu.I?-'f-~V:~~.I~..J/ijo~~~.IJIV:~~ " 10. ,... L"~/'.lJI.lJ1V'J~ r ;« r( ,1 0)Ii(~vl ~'f-V"~.I~ I~""J~""1,( )J''':'''_,w~,~~

01-l)cC/~~(.;)JtI'JV:~.I~Luj~~f'f-cC~L(U;::c;_Ll.fL L011)~~~JV:~ALuj~~.IJI'f-j(((c;_~LvlV:~.I~L 4~dvLj,~Ic;_vl-Jv.lY//JLl;.-U~L(J)'J1j'J!LvlV:~.I~ 'Jv~uJA;d~uJIJ.bJ~0LvIL(f-LbA\f~f'f-cC~V~1 ~lf-:UJ..Jr)>.J)~u.li/V:YIt\O(y~=~ILvIJY J'i:..?,~j.lJI~I ~L~,; .:)Jv'?()IJL ~t;.I...;;.uL

...fIJvlV:YIt\OOLU~I(t'-J'::;""';"'.Ij.lJI~ vifA~JJJv:.::/~ -JJv.llv:tIiJvbLIJ/C!?P. ~!\fil~I}",?i....f"":-,I/"":-,LJ vl'J?J~L LJ1~LJ.lt'(1JLiI 01-'f-V(V,I(..:,..f~IJ~;J~u.l~J;.VLUJ.lIJI0;V:0(;J~-'fv:J~JJ:lq'f.L}~jijdLd,0~lf-:-v1t.f~LL~.I);(if-v:

L..J.I~J~;''f-J~t.f~t~/.'Ji;[)IJ(;';)(IV:~'~t.f.;~({

UJ.lIJIJ~~.IJldj-t/~~,.;-:,jJ'd,0~lf-:~lf-:i~.I~(/-,ufe(;.a?

f~(IvlJ'~W))~~(~IL~~}fI)Jh>p!L0? j(~J' vl_JJ,";£IYLu)I)(~)f"":-,LJ vl.::;....~,; ~L~/ J"'J'LV..:;..v U.lI.JJ:}~.KI(jij~J~)-(UJ1~t/JJvPI~..J/V:'V:~ --

Irq--


:~LLj~

V~~;Y~..:..:.I.?_/~((~;J)~;(;JVIJJf? ~JI_/JI~/,yI#Jk1LvILy<:i£ ':_'li''ti~A . . . ..... .,~;>':'~r~ , .

.::.-~~(JI~~ ;:~V~(V,I':""y'ji~/~(~J A-Y<~_/(:>Vu.l.,f./I~((JI4~£4-'A' ;JJI.f>IL Jtv:r:v: .. L. .. JfE.(..,;~J.....c0./ ... .. ... _/1;'d1YIY~ uJ_/?IJJk1,-:-,cr::~~I_c:C/vi~IJ/.~~.::.-.d~ !f-~f~~~v , . . J' vl,,,tJ_/~.::.-)~}if.~~...fI...fILu_/I~~}~J{ -"J.lrJU(/...fIJ.lr(~_/JI.::.-)..rL.v(j;~fil:;Ir"~':"".I~L ,-:-,v~~J._;_/~,-:-,~ Jlf(VI,,,~((tL._;Y"Y ~J{...fUlf. ~1~if.L.~~t/tJ.t(;iJ'/I...fI'_;/r"_~ 4-/~'Ul?_/~Vr9_/r' Jf?I'_.t~~::JV_/~JI~if't~I.{LUJ(I_"c:CY<~;I.tI(u_/Jt;;~J' ~(t':""/JJLtJ~if't~~_/~(~u_,iJJ~..r~,,0~~~L.J.LJ'vlJ .:....I-il~' ,-:-,V J' u_/r_.:....I_U -" ~(:> J' ~JI {,;")7J' ~

J'vIJJfvil;""~JL~(""~;.JI.f>(if.~.:....yJdI./~_i~ L,-:-,V~lviI~}...f?'L(:>~/r-?..::.v-_/)~IVji"V~J_/I}v.:v.L _,,!:2J_/I}(t.L LhJ;~IJ}~J~Li;.UI'i-,..r"~/I~J~J~;Jf~vl

:v::i£LY< Jj~~Jr~...fI(u_/JI/./~_,i~J''::'-';:;(;JdIJJfj ;:!_/ j~_/JLyIAt.ryt"'10LL;L.i-~(...,_/ty_~

i~_/~J:uV6_/rJ',-:-,if't~(tL'_.~~(...,'Lvf~ tA C; ,.111.. -s r: , ._-~"''''Y<vv~~fr':''''~I7''' , .. I.!.-

.

--

fr-·--


J!f'7- :Y,(~!J

VfL ..Jr'y ~J{ ...f(..)Lf. "LI.);LVLif.'~E..-0{.If;fJJYfY~Lif.~i;YJy'

~JL?f

Vb

,(..J()fji~J.7)(p..{(p.y.I(..)yt.l'(L~)fJ~Jy..IJfk0f_t~/l.)yt.l'(~)f.lJf

_£:..)v1J.7~JtZ-~?L~jJ.7t.fJ.(}~~.I}LY~Jf~:_;riJ V-~.I~LVf''7-~,(LJ1YL~;bA·Jv;)J!'...f(..)Lf. ..Jr'Y~J{~Lv(V.:.5.1-)V-.::-~l..f('?''7-)?YJl{j'(J~ V,t£,.f('.IJfV,tL.::-?~_;.f..::-~fjfL

~L,..J:}.::-~J~0:'jif.f

, ..... LwCzJ.: fJL:)fJ(}(;,O~Jdf'vr ... .. ':::"'.1) , LI.);LVLVf)J!'4_.Vf'7-~;b.lt'J.::-/.tyPYfA'1,.f~ L vb J!' ~f L I,/IJJA 1S'...f.::-/.f (' tZ-f'7- 'vzII:? tZ- Lfy _':::"''::-.1VV

:JL~I2...(.,-.:.J?J.::-~fjfLJ:}~J{tZ-.::-(.,-Pf f'7-t')L:)\(oJf.~~J_'7-t'hL;f'(}{(..)~~f)}VbJ!'~tZ-~

_f

...t%~LVf

(lff~t.l'(ttZ-LfYL)zJ(L(..)?.£~J1L:)LV

-~)

~~f~fiV-I.)/}L(jJfJLJ1.1?{.I}Lf;.dJ

'::-.I~}tJ.I~.iJfJ?.IJfJ~f ~;4 -'7- fJ1~ 4- V.I~J1V-~Y(.IJftJ/";P'::-~-V,t.l? 4_.LJfJz7

~-~

:.:::...t')jjt.f'((..);LV...i(.,-...i(.,-L(..)JJy'~JtZ-v-(..)/}~y.L.::-/ _r , '" '~l.dJLf.l,,:,,"tJ~)y.'f~~~tZ-V-I.)/}~y..IJIJ

t,("~,_l,fJ!~'tb/J~)fi

'L:)~fL:)t;)bf."';"~ L:)t; 'i.:/fJ.i- ~,~ij

,.1(..)'/-'I:{,Jf ~

if~,J(~if~

..Y~L(..)~}~f'V-4~~/JJS:Jf~~Lf.l"::/;

r· "J'1>4"--~ --

1""1--


-0~i~.I~JJ/..;:.,Y.L;:;':'-'/~~LL7.'_r' v1(;)'/lPf'~Jk--;:i~JJr..tr'.I;Jr'/'L...::/f..::JJv' ,,:&,;-t'~~..fUh""/.dJV'Jj'/.,;-t,,;f()('.I,J1)_lJ ";:"~U~liu~ /(;);~JJ'~.lJ' L!.rU-!J,;-t,('.I L ..j( ,r..t...::/f ¥ L;:.:;,f..I ~Ar J~ r......V,! (;);~.lJ'if J;~..f,(;)~J~,'UJ.I~I.~r..tui/,Ji; .lJ'.I~I..~Uk-'(...;;..v )vlJJi(J~'''=r'J.I~1) r..tU'J/ LJ1.1IJ'K.lJ'.I(";;;'JL~Ar,L'J (;)~~J' J'5.(-.I r,

e

L-

-V,!

:~vP'=r..t~.I~LJ1)J'J(;)'.lJUm~..;:.,7

_f'"

~.lJ'u,;rJ...fI.I(J~Ju;U~.I!.r..t..;:.,y.v)u' JI.--(J~JL (;)'-V,! u~(;iJ,JJJ~~..;:.,7JJL",:",.I .lJ'(., ((;)'-'f- ()j,z,'./\'1~ (VJr..t'''';'):':''''--5 ,...;.~' -~.Il;>.,::,;,;,;/U/J(;)"...E~../ j(~~JJl(.~v~'",;, r..tUl~JJJ~~JJl(...;:.,7-V (,;/.jl(...::.>. r..t,z,"./\~J LJ'(V)JUJ~~~'4!:-U{~=_LJ1I.~4!:-~~~

LIf~;(J'{""';'U.I~U.I~Y'LL'JL/fi'{'U.H~~ .lJ'~~.I?Uk-'r..t J1)J'J (;)'-4- ~~ ~Jj~ v' LJ1 (;)Jj'.lJ'~~~ ~~cr U h"..::.1Jv,-LJ'lf, :JJ)~~UJY rr-V,! J.?Y~I.I~JJ)J'U,.lJJ~v..;:.,7~v . ,.. (I :. • :. :'f-~r..t'-.l~LrY;(;)LY''-/JJ _~ L,JJJ~~..;:.,7.?'V,!LJ1/-~~~J.!M~V)U' L-

uh"r..t..;:.,~'.~.J.~ r..t4L(;)~~~-L/r !!"_L...i~L~u~lir..t~L..;:.,~'/~'J1) --Ir'r--


L)~f'7- ~t;-f';,i v! J)'J J~;}~~~ Jr1-'Jf.l~.ib r(" /( ~ • (H' ~~..., ._-o ~V (....::-~y~/.:::....r!(JfV ·(:;J.(..,"::-i..::-/ L. :7-~lffJJ!'LJ1L.I~jJ:~~LY'~ - '1 .:::....v!r~'-X'-Xv!..::/; lILJ--?~.If~(t~ V'v(..( .:::....~fLL)}L).--".:::.... .;;..f.-v.rL~.i(~...fi )~...J;f.i~(~f.lJf~.iL)~v!(L}.IJfr"····7".i_v.rJVLJfxf'.i~(~f.lJf".iL)~J'DLv.r .i~i:. fiL LtJ/~tJ'.Iij J~~lJ4/( d-,~ ~t.:::....L)/Li:.J(}+-v!~~JL)i.l~.IJfJ(G' LfJ L)/r L)J.lV;' v! J~J 'J.?J~L LJ1'; _J.lJf ro ._ _'£'/07X.:::....L)JYfJ :7-Ctv!L)P'~f/;(L)J2~JJf~_t:. v(..JfxL.I..::/~JL)LJ'jl.~fL~~tJ~h._Q~ V 2(07f/\.t:.J.Uv:)J;':'/\'1("~v!..::-!}':j(~f-J ['1_~V' H

("

:,.'

_~/;(;(vJ~LY'...fi

_/\

.I~}.i~JJv! (( If'-i:. Lh~~.IflJfJ.llP'J ;i'.I~) . rt:. HL.... ..... _~ f.:::....~ :~/;(J.!J.I).IJf...fi

-q

4L~~..i'f.?'7-~~~J..::-~~(....::-/",=",}LJf!'J~ LfJ Dr~J.!J.I)Llff_i:. ~y' LJ1iL....(Iv! ~JJ: J~ L)Jjl---',-;(y CL.ltJj~ il.:::....~/~ [/\-v.r

L

:v.rL.lJr'JJfJ.:::....lffJJ!'J!(#~LY' L4lfU• --Ir'r'--


..J)Ji L JIJJJtJ/,JJ; (.#L u~J"""'f-J;/IJI...fi lq_0~;u~JL) e1uJL~Jlui;l'~ _./CtJ/,JJ;(.# (u~J-'f- J1.rfiUJ(...fil-::f fLY( ,..,. . ._-~IYi'JJLL1Pf....ci , * 'UJd(;..;:...i'~tJ/,JJ;~ 'f-/lr- ~4 ...fi/;{ JJJr

...

V:~~JJrvilL)J)J

SuflL

V'······(;u'y(u~J ~.::.-(. ..:;jJVIj 0~'/' if.:.-!J(L u~ ~ (..,~-~L-! ~}~1J-LYi'J~;)~V:uJ~XStJ/,JJ;v/;,..hJ ~Jl_.f_'~JIV2,.$(0)J(1YI.,(tL'V''~';-I LtJ/,JJ; LI_~Ij:ul?

v:

,~;!...t~tJ/,JJ;/ ,_q...fi~J''f-UJ(Iy....fiJIJ/ ,..,r ._ -~ , U~dl/(jl(' ~/~dl)/~ytL d~;If.J~Lf$.~VlJJ!'

_If

:~vJ;~~lj , .." '" .

{~~JI:r./?''C?,....{_i''tJp-i)'Vt~/~iJt~V:~1(' ,_tlJl?~~LJI(.:.-1JL>J/L(/~)Vl'~dk(dL ,.. , ..

,..,,..,..r~

o

.

._ -l,)'-'~~JJL_;.:--~",=",,~ :'f-JJ (d l).----~ Jl...fi.a?lr.a?lr-L Jp....fi~L IFL (j e I('_Ir ""(Y of ~ •• r L;?. ._-~~~)~v~Jld.:..JI~U'(;~U-"}~y. ul).----S.:.-!J( &-~L ;..J)S}.;L~('~I~L~} LVbY-.r.'~~~~~-"'/dl)/ ...(I..J/LVIJJ!'V:~L.:.-~ .. , ....,.. j~' S~/ ..... dl).----....ci .. L VIJJ!'Ji_i) r~dl).----J)./,;/UflJ.IJvLdk.. ,Sv:i~j_JP.~dl).----~LVIJJ!'V:LI~tJfl_~v:iJf/UJJP'~(JJ.; LJI'/'JjlP~JJV.a?lr-L~V:J~Lvl?'f-S~~ufldILvl --

Ir'I"--


:u.r2(JJ~~~(~L'j>L~Ji,)"{U}jU}JJ_i:..LJ1h

r£N~u?wLLjfi'li0~f?.~~UIfo~ 0L).--".JJla~,.;J((;~jl~..1..:;.,;v_r.l!>~~.JJI 0}lr Li,)'I-UJ";"(0V J.J.;;sf:(Li,)'I)'-:'t'L4.,.; £'y.JJ'L.I;'VfuY.:;;f.~u!u}jLuJL.J(.JJ'UJI rO_lI0~.I~ wCz~.J~I(E....0{.JI;IJlYl~.J)Ji,)'IJJ!(~j~J{J, ,(lY'..y'~,j:j~J{J},.f£C£.I~?J4i,)"(i'f-.J)Ji,)'P'0~ 'f-..:;.,~--.;-IJ_LuJ1~(r~)J%'~.J'J.lj()'J'Lu?.w.JJ'u.r.!""'u! :'f-~LJ1 LI;;~~, ..tl'fuJJ;:"ZJJi,)'IJ~C.lJ'I,.{ ? u.rLJ1PIY.JJIP~y'u! (I'I'1(yO J.1k.A:)a,.1.00\1' 0~((I'JL01t.f-A'i:..L~(((P;?)~.lJiU}JJ ttf.:;.)!~"':""YJ.UvL~L01,.f£-'f-jf.i.5'th

r'1_liJ~u!~ljL0It.lJ~JI rr.l J\{-,.:£JI....(i~..:;.,vDI0L,..?.JP ... .. ..... ..li'-: ...... cY,..,,;.'.;:_ .. , v.!t}..) elrJ J.JL.JJ .. t,(t/'._.li'-:.

iL.;I... _. ~ 'J J!,.{""~J'';:_ ..,

(..,~,t,~I..PL

(I}Iu;3 J U~ (v..

if.''f- u:,.A~ J.k-" (I ~ ~

Llj>

L..:;.,!)

U.t:}J01'~JJif~'t.:Jf d'.J'U.JJI./,..:;.,IjJ(U~JIUJJ...v.,U}LY')

.JJIUJj, J(p.~.JrlJIr,uf:!: uj.JJI uf-J,u.J(';,J'~'",:""JI '('Ux;" (;.JJI 0V-iJ.JJI.:%.J._fl,.{(j'~Jk. (U~;,U.J~~r~.J~JJ J 01'UJ~'/'Juri Lif.'f-~)y'~~J ("':""'f-:.JJI..:;.,{.'ci,/iJJ!-u.r 2{JU:v..t~J JI i,)'#,uJj,u,Aui~J'Ui.rJJ,uJ~.JJf":;"~'Jd~.JJ'J.bJ~~,J.Jr _!(J;.I;?~vLJ.t;j()'f":;"~'J.J._fl.JJ''':;''~tp: ",:""rJJ~_V!JJ1.J~u~;(~Jv..~{,.{'f-~~~~'f-:i~.J~' --Ir'O--


~_l:/uJ(~JyLJliJ~_LL~d-~

((lf1j? ~ 1)IJu1J..?iPuJ(L

~)JI~L---Lif-L(;.I(LL~C./J)....£(U}~u~J_/J.'Vl?Pv.:.I). (L~LrU'_/d'iJ£ItGJ/~t.ft.fL~}L--Lz......lJlfl~(,-"iJJ rz -e:..lJ?":-* _~ 'L UJ.l1()-I.I.t;JJr.lJI..::.-y. }*'1; I 1.£_lP.// *.r' ...... if-.:;/)..ft t.fu/iPL..::.-~ ~ ~ L "':-'['J ~L vI) J? J_;::I,)t.fU?fJ!u~._f.lJJLJ-~J~A'(~uJ.l¥?,'f-t.fo..?/ ,._fJL--~~ Ut(fil~(;(lr fiPJ ~ Uy/.~7~..ifLJ.I-'f-.I L.f ~..ifLZ~-'f-.l~Y;._fJL--JJY~}(~Ii.I.lJI._fJL--VJu;-fvl)d 1U;-fLI.I~/1 P! Lvl-0'.I~._fJL--J~7..::r'ft.f !/~}(~Ii.1 J t..T._f..IJ1))./J I._fJ L--) ~ U;-fJ";;,._fJ L--~ ~U;-fL '.1"::; ~1,._fJ L-L UJ.I~11._fJL--A ~)J)L U~ ~~~)(fI_'f-)..::.-~._fJL-?

••

JL--)~~liJ(I.lJ/,._f~~JJL--)~~Lf(~(;~IJ/J",:-,I)~d-,t.f..::r'f .lJI._fJL--_.f ~u5):,._fJL--VJ/~)lr ~;fi LI),._fJL--J ~(;fi'._f

~.lI.zjlj~~J0L ",:",,);JI_'f-)fiPL..::.-~._fJL--..::.-L--u;-f~~ ~l).--"(Li J~~J~LP ..ft.lJIJ~..ft..J/~ t.:l-LJ1fiP~J.t; L..::.-~ -'f-)0'~l).--"fiP;~JV~.lJJLjl;J~~...?I.lJI..ift..TJ~_L

L..::.-~J-~~)IY/lt.(VI)JIJ-;:'J/,j~J-.::J)~A,( ._fJL--vt~)JIv.:.t;~1~ It.,,::,,~U)JJ_v.tJiPL..::..;;r.I~~~Llj' o: t.:l-t:{...::.-~fiP_.f..J/~ ~Y.L L)_';I~t.5.v~VI_'f-)~Y; Lvl)J?~~j(tLif.'f-J-~~0'J:-I)v.f;~~~~if-..ft -1)i.£'J-~~jL--.l(t%(",:-,c:r~1

,~ ._f..::r'ft.fJ--d ~At ~ .::J)~).,(?~ U.v...;.lJJi J

VI_LP~J~(Lij~)JIJ)JJ'~L.hJ~t.:l-LJ1)~fiPjYJ'L..::.-~

(fk--LLft.fu~~(J!J...if(UJ1~J~t..T ._f~~~~~J.ljiL~~J~}.; --

1,..,'1--


4Lu~JluJJ;;.z~4L~};JI~L(;)I_'f-t"iJidt"Luji)J?

-V0I.t!f"fu)LY'~ t".t1V0-'o_?~vILl(-L,=-J.:Y)~SU/~L.:.-Y.LvIJJi)f

.:.-y.(~(;~Ju~Jf,.('f-viJ(;~~J0-'.:.-~=-t".t1J~(~JU),,=ji

t"iJiuLYI~)~(;vIJJ!'~jl}o~.J.(;)~Sif-I)~...tu~(;)LY'~ :~~vIJ~LL/(;)lr.fuJj}J,S~...tUlr--~ , .. .. , LJJjl))Lvl'f- J/.:.-~f,-)v.ar i..ar r:';I/~S Vi j~ J.t1~Svl;:~ (.:.-I)J.;'f-Clf~Y~)YJlP LVI,IJ.:'JviA(viL if-c:Clvi...f..::/gJlPL 'f--?Jtf:. ~ VL vl- (fvi.:.-~SViL J.IJ.:'JV (;)Jf(f{/S Vi~Jf...1~ L(;)~IJ;;.z)JIJ~I.A"( LJI l.A' L.t1L(r.,;(;iJJ(21.:.-1) ~ iJ'~ UAk...~I OJ . 'f-JJ1)~.t1)JIJloJ_('(L~J~{4-),-y')JI'-4 t"'i\ I.~ v t.: ....... -'f-V~~~DUJ~/I)JI ":(J)((;)I}o~)JIU)~)J~/;I~~Li;YvIJ~~ f..:/U.ISU/~L';:;'J0-'LU~(LiLvl~~vl~J,_'f-c:dh~1 u~JfL.t1L/~_;(U)iJ~Jv)if-LviJJ!~~L(r.(/J~Jl:;IiJ' (,I-~~)JI,I-/.vIJJ(_'f-JiJ{)iJhJ/LvIOJ,SJJ,,;-}SU)1/ vl(;)I)JJL..£.afl2lJ.;~I.t1)? ~1.."2i)(vl~4L.::.!.)oJ'~)IJd(t Ll';:;'wl~J/tJ;l{J.....;)J.'f-i:{~~JJIJ~~~'OJv.i?'UJ~JfL __..vJI)£J (:_'li-'rtA)~:'VJlP>j J.UvL.:.-!J~Lj_l ~ILvl./

LUJ~j,{~jjoJ:;_LI~Lufo.af~'f-~'-)~L'rU~~J, ,",j~.:.-JJ~L0-');:ILvlv)Su~';-I-'f-t"~(ljl(J;;.....;~ vl'f-~,t}..iL--L)I;:;')J'.;:;,u.""';/U)IJ~JSv,_t} ~~ol:;+-SL~ --Ir'~--


_./( ._n - J1";(.).Y..r'..::..:!-'\5' (j().1........ (IJ 1./ IpI t,;/..JJiJ! DA·S (,/IJ~?J~ LLJ1i;yJk (';'-.IJ§' ~hf2..::-AjSU::}D.lt-'J"Jf.S..::-~iJb'~cJ.;_c:C(:rV~l.t~/(')J::(; I ~,.:

_-

u::}

.IJI..::-I.~J(;:--J'J";-'f~.I((c 'JiJ! L/(I)

~ t..I~I~ ljL..::-~iJbI0Ic'f-

-'f-t-/..:.5.~"::-C~"';c!L;;'J()'...fi(.;)S~;YJ:.~";'f-~J,J'Y(,I;..' t·_l.("u:1iL(,/14'f-t-/0~(.;)(,/I/..::-LJIJ'J

J: t)J Su::} D.lt-SJ)d...fi L(,/I".I}L"::-~~fi~...fi~

c..::-~S D.llh'~L (.)J/'I ~ Jec;IL ,,:,,1f-:iJ!A/u:cA-J'J lfi~r(((if.Luk.t}SJ'/u.lJ'?iJ!~.I~L(~~J',,::-~(>c"::-~'J.I (J)(,/I".I}I(-/(,/iJJf.~~IL(.)}IJ~J~!~JI(~(:;IJ.I~~~I~ (,/I'J)( t-/v.i~~)j( LLlr~/JJ0l"::-~JlP -'f-c:C(:r~J.lI}j~ J1y4) (.)}(;:--iJJic..::-LJIJ J.lt-(I LJ1~7. ~ (,/1.lJID.lt-v.:;r!)S

(.)~() 'r'(.IJI jl,,?~ (~(,/I.lJI (.)J11S "::-JV.lJI..::-~~ (,/#c(JIi!t _~t-.I)j~~(..::-~ ,

-

c(.)J~.IJ 'J iJ! if.'f- 'Y(:rd~cJ~0 (":,,If-:,...vv.:;(' (":,,CJ Ji JJ1 U7.~ ..::-~~...;C!~IiVU:j c(.)J11S "::-JVc(.)JJ.lJI (.)i~oc(')I.1JJ -'f- t-/)j ((.)r.;JI.lJI(.)J/t;-,:.-;IJ~ (~v(; ~JI (.)}(;:--iJ?c(.)Y..1/ -'f-iJ!/Ji(.)'L~}D.lt-SJ)d'Jc'f-)j~l:#.(..::-!;fiJ!~If-:t~.I~' L 6.1 t-S..::-!;f ":"~ S(,/iJJ!;y ~L J-:IJ jl~ (.){v ~

u::}

..::-y.

-~, (f;~.IJ(J::._t,....(i~L . , ..

Iy

t,.)I?lif _0 LA/P~'f-Jh~'(D.I'iP".I}uJf.,"?Jf~~~~Su.vv..ri' ~~ -'f- J.I(I)JIYJ.lt-(I~ iJ! ~.I~ L ":,,If-:c..::.:;r..::-!;f ~ Lly --11"'1\--


,J(.p 4 .;t-IL 6.;t-uk--S4Pj)~)~~~

..::)ry~7))1 ("..JJk )u)?J

'T-1J1V.~...::..~u.:~)~SuJJ?uk--))IJ(.,~)rSUJ).kU)IU}LY' ))IlJ'.f~ J~JJ)?~I LJ)yJ

Vd'yu:.}{

tJ))..f!LJ-- .;:j.)~A.(c.

_~J)(.,...f(flt\or)",::"YJ.:I~llf~L(flt\("q)L(;LJL)J)J1v .., .

i./IA))IJ--..:,..J» 4 )I-,/~? ,i) It.( J)yLI) ...::,f.J)yJVd'y .;:j.)~)V/~4~ (i./I_~)·:I~~ '-4 L ~~A)JLJ--0L1)I-,/? L i) hJ);~1(~{tJ))~I~fl~~ILJ)YLI) ..::./-~)J)~...f))JLJ-j,(.,I(.~.jL..tI)~Jv~~LLI).::/~)pli./I_~)J)~...fflt\lr?

flt\lr)J--.;:j.)~)LI?Li./I))1J--0L1)I-,/?Li./I,J--..:,..J»4)1-,/))IV

S LI)

.::/)1-,/-hb;,...p ({-tJ)) ';-11...::..~I)L ...f)I;Gld)JL(...f

,-y.~,-:""",Li./,jiVJ1JlPl(i./I~))I~I;'.AO>~LU))I-,/u.?/...::..~~

iJ'z..IJ::)(LJ)YJVd'Y-VhJ.f...::..~~'-4i./I/J)yJvd'Y? i;;Lif.hJ(lfl~j(L.fk.!I...::..~I)LJ))fi...fflt\or~flt\lru.:i.//. ~if'-:))IJ :::)I..;v";vL u)~'6)1;J1~..t'~~...::..li"'y",::"V)I}...f! v! -'T-~ i./7JJ)In ~ ...::..)rS (.1; LJ--.;:j.)~)LlUI)I~))IUi)b/P.J. v.!S,-:"if'-: '6)1;J1~..t' ~L~i./I))IJ" J».S...::..'; ~ if.'T-6)t-SJI)JJ~J/L)~)J)J1V...:J Li./I,J--/~LIYLJ"J».-0.jS0k:lf...::..~SJJFLJ--.;:j.) Li./I))I...::..';J/ (U;);t.f~ SJ--,-:,,'? LJ-- ~L..»)IJ--~(..,? ? L i./I)JIJ--/~ _~ yh ...::..1£.)J'g,f(1Y1 O? Jilf L~LJ~)I ~ ~L Iv!)I;GIL;:..::.!.)I.)I)I~ -'T-) ~ (J~0~)JLJ-- ~L..> ~LJ ....J--'-:"'-'T-))~ //. ~'- /JJ..f!J--,-:,,' It. (i./I))IJ--~L..> -VJ1)r~LJ.). S?...JlPL":f ~J--.;:j.)-Vtfi./~ L( J--.;:j.)))v ~-hVJ~ (LvJ \.l£~'Si./I~I._::.:j)LJ1~)))II)I)~ ~~I


LJ- ~ tI-e ~SJ- .::.j)-~..J)7LL(p. y.,,:,-~ J.,81~l;-))L ?-)JI",:;-, ~ ()l,.;i-~).liJ;,J.J.-(tjJ ":'-)~JJJIUli:!lJ~I).h)ILvl)JI)? J·tJr

Llj'JIJ/lP!)JIJIJA)iJtJrlJ-'-'tI.2:...;;:.....ILJ-....->J...,d...L~.::;_ ll_ ~)/.}uyj (j;~jQJfrwI;_J-; tI~~).I i:« (IiL..:.-~ ~~)?Y'v..~LJVI JJ1J$v.. ":'-~Y~7 ~)~)))J1V-0(j..:.-~JA·('Iv..~)~ L ..:.-Lr..))JI u_,?'uJ;~Y. L~)l(-7r'[,fJ/(UKJ/U~....$,J~='v..)J)L)I~ILJ-.::.j) .::;_L~vl.::;_ d-t-~)J))p::...v.. U~JIUJ;~y. L_,fL L~Vl

-7 rJ1)vfI(u:/:) SJ-.::.j) (Ii )JI7 rJ1CtJ;'::;_4' L ...£tJ)/j) Ll;; ( 'b)I;JI-;;' _.JIJLJ Vd'y,.....v ='-7 rJ1(Ii""UF Ljl.J)~(;..?"J1 t"J1.::;_ ~~(....J)/ .;.J1>{A:/bl)L.::.j)~)l(j)yJ)-~v:iv....:.-)yPS4-t;J)=')JI~[¢{!L (")J'~~J...,J)/v..if.7(;-i...f,,'Ar'.mL~)l()f)J'J-~l()'J/"=:'~,JL'j'L~~-7)?Y'~j'~~J!f_,AJ'~'J}.i,p'fr'),~uPaf .::;_"IAr'I?0.£.~~L j)~~-7 ~ Z; (UKJ/U~ S..:.-y..::;_ JtJr'..:.-~ J!v...£.vl-0 L)j,~I(.;I~IdJ)tjj iLJ- .::.j)....f,,'An

V-!'''_7JJ1tJl~(;iS'':'-WIJU~('I.::;_LIj'Lu_,?LS:JIJ(I),~I()? ,::;_"'An7Y""U~JjJ? j)~~-7'J1~ v.. u~Jj~~j) ~(/.7rJ1(Ii{',,'M'qj)U'.(~(.;_}()'-7rh~I(..:.-v~L....£IA~o Sufo.afhl.£.~y. L j)~.(~)JIL~_VJ1~_:a?tj~Ji"" ~(j'~ ,JI)~ -0 J! b)rS J)yS ..:.-~.::;_)Plvl-0..:.-)V.::;_..:.-~ c if.7 ~~~J (,,:,-~9)r'7)?Y')(J~ S uJ)S U>1;tj)u,./,U(f.,v.. tj)in":'-y..::;_)plL b)r~IUi -7 JJ1j t.f/lS tj~)JldS ~(j'~ )J'..:.-LJ.lrtjUi·,L ..:.-y.,.{ 7 ...Jjj~G'J!..:.-~='-7 D:;~ i~.( tj~ --

1("'+--


'b.lf;Jfof~f-riJ!;;(i;[)G?L~f.t(;_6?v!/L~LuJ.N?/

_i:..L~':-~{U.lfJ,,:,yPS':-';;JJ.~L J.hJ.! "i:J~S~f.::;;_LfYL.:-WfJ(f!:--ulf.'b.lf;Jfof'

Yt(~JVf~JSVfJ!{.I}(f!:--_f-v.1~fUf~SVf.::;;_P1iJJ·d'd!.IJ

v~=jiu.t LfJlii (U~t;J.lLpJ_.IJfj.'::;;_Ufo.;:-,hf('~f-J~ L~LYt~Lt;J.lLpJ_L...£.,.{;f~.Iv.i~.£ v!.Il.lJ.lYtV.lJfvt ~JL(.~(;~~jS(;.IL()VfJd';-f-~Y.;;(..!)~.I~)i>.S--?.I~

_f-JLL~f~~f>'S

UJ.lfy~Jff-jLYtJ~f~ ~fS _.. ~..::"/.

_ '1

,:-WfJJ.bbA·'.:-V~J~0L~r-::"t.:-/.'~i,).;~Si;[)f"~ f-l'fAOV.fr'~9.1rSvf_f-~-?.IJ(~~UJ~.::;;_LfYLJfi.lJf ...::-Y~f~(..P~ Svf-f- J?'Yv!U:(/.VJr~~f S~~~/.N?fJ(Vf.lJf Svf~)S'b.lf;Jfof~Sv!l'fq'1fLj~jljL~.,C0~Jf~It-:v!~(;:.f~

I'

t_r-ltt.f'i..f..JIJSu/];f.lJl..!.;.IrSvbJfJi ...fI fArr'vRi:..L fJ?-.IL.lYtVi;[)1) ~ )fJL i;[)f"~ ~ :J.~Li;[)f"~_LYt,,",;~)frJ.::;;_(~Lu~v! Lu~ '::;;_.IYtv;J~r';-f.a?L--L(Y/)fJv!l'fMr'v! '';~J}'.I{;J) A-~ (';~))';~J} fr J.::;;_ (~ '.IJ~,;r:~.If):'~r-:.:-~~:(j,~CJ"jfJ.I~ ,.z,Y'.I~JL(. ~J(({f.:-~~(J UJ~)i)~h--~J(J;JJ.N? rJ(,~ ~.IJ JU~Lu/}~;f·

..··vf~~U.lf!..:/~Jl;..f.lJf~.1

......CJ~/vfL.lYtV,.;CJVd'YJv[Pvt~b.lfji ~~/.:-~lP...

:.rj(~).IJf~Y, ,I' --1("'1--

;.?~~ ,


..::-~~?

Sf'.. f:_'. CJL~~Li.L,.; ..,l,P)_,Jji -.;:.... ~ ,J.IJJ

~~t..::-/.'J.:i,)JJ(~Uv-Y~L(Ji~A?J~L 'v~,t:J'~J'JJ.).pL",:-"If ...?fJ1u:1",:-,,~fJ/h,y' ~ JJL (..)J/ ji '~~'JJ'()J;JL1J)'f'",:-,,~ '()J'J (YJ'J~JJYJ'..::-t-~'''::-~.AP,(LJ'S''::-~JJ7'f-Y

J~r'..::-~~L~,fjLUJ1JJu;3,.fJJ')Y:'(1Y"~' ..:/,G'

a'~J-~'-(fJ.lJ\jSif.f-'J1~\(oJt..(.f f"'r'

M

~ _t,{SL,.;~)_,J UJt,/..",:-"CJv't.f~L'YLu:.) bJt-S..::-Y.~t,,~Y~J~ uJ ..LJ))J'Ui.rJ)~""""'~ IJ)'~J_ IJ)_.;:....)?,Y)'Y..:;..J . .L..LJ)'(~) ~_ ..., .. t,/.. ~ v'..::-~S

[:.,'JJJ(YNJ,())~r'J'J(~ 'UJ;'url'~UJ/.:--!'J~

L UJ:t.JfJJ'U~JJfJJ;S U~ ~ U_,J'Y(fk---i,)JJt.. S ~f..:%L( -f-~--?J)(..::-)L(/('~..::-j( SJ(fJ...£.~~Ufo~h-'J) JJfuJ;~L(~)~-:,rJ))J'~J-:,rJ)U~ff-t"J1(}v~~

:J! ~~J..;..::-L--P'~~L'YLUi)~r JJf./~ -f- ..JJ/,lJ t-.Iifj(fJof- .:jJd./JYJ;

~A;:'~J..I~()I;'Y..-t../{ .. ,. ...)Lr~JVL......,~LL))./.A"" . . .. (~-:)t,/.. LuLJ~)~1Y'L~'.;.A"'fJJf..l~,..IJJJf

_'.hj;;!~ uPL u~c.;.rhJJ,~)~r~

(t ,;-'

"::-~_'_(y",LJ,f_JLLJJ1v,;t . ... .. ~_,t,/.. .. LuL~~.A"" v',L._[)YL.:/;fJ')Lof-.:;.J»~JfJ/fJ')L--?fA,( L u~ -lJl::;Jt-.I..;:_,yf..;:_,_,Jt,/.. U~~'JfzA'/~ t,/........,(;.. ...~Ji -: $~'';:''''JL.J'''''''}~~'H~.__.?'~ -: . ,. ......

uiJ.lP (u~ t,/.. ())")J,;;Y({( jJ/ [.;}S (uP-)~f --

Il"r--


~--?'.lLtLl;)~1:[)1~.Ijll;)~1:[ )1(1Jij1,)!~_t.l tJiIJS . :;"I.ll;)).f..:;..P'{.IIV~~~~Jv!:J-j) .fl;)Lt.lIV~Lvl_i(..~.I";(~~._O,";?';-.-')?j~L ~1~)Sjl}I.7./:jlV'(YY'~(cL/(I.lI/JY.lL

J~I£{t.!L.fJJ.lIVtJY'~LJJ..IIV_l(~...::/ftl.l1J

S

(5)~j ..::.-~lPl;)I~--?'vl_l(~...::/ftl.lI)~I.ljl(C ~g,f

~)V~

S tJ.i~ ':-' ..::.-~lP tJ}j) ~ c, j -~ ~)V . l.('" ~ ,.. I'"

-I.I':)~

I

:f-lJ'~LIYL"::'-~jl.l{JLif ~1y.~f.:...Ihh.ll_lJ0~LJI~I-f- J)~ JLif~.!::~Lvf~~~tJ~,lJr£.;;fJ(~I,)!J. l;))J. V.rrl;)I:(jl,)!l;)\(.I),lJ)~j",:"",f ~-f- J(-;~{ ,i~I,)!.II.z:;I/j)~...IL~(?l;)li)'-Y~--flLvl~ [.;j; ~y. ..::.f.(5)~j S VI ,J!,y. ..::.-1,;(1 A .Ijl",:"",vt'

j

j..::.-t/

("'0 if ._ _().rr

SI5.1YJVd'yjV.ljIVI)J!~~L.r.tJJj.lJ..;':-It/I:[)It.!~ LJI}e~LIYLtJ/:A..::.-/.'('t".i.j.:;'fLtJ}t/:t.Ji~) ....ft/I~~~J.lt'-::.-l u.:vl,.{v~I_f-J~ ~~(.f!J.....f.IP j~)?j~ j~ L5'1..:.J'~1 SJ" t.f.l~jPL J.lfI .. 0)1 . 0(;-~-1.rr .. v.ie~ ,.?;ml ..LI5:/..Ji t'(:r01.t~~)I5/.I,)!",:"",~Lt}..}6.1t''-.I~'~~('I~~~t.f1-0~ _.::::.....L.I , ,

..::.-t/~dv.7

JL,--.Iy.G'.Ijl._h7'~ r.(.5)~_.;).v ).Ijl,~).vv~wCz

....ft/ISdv.7 ~r.~y~ul~f-f(:rJ)_,I,j~~LIYLt}..}6.1t'S (- v.i;,,~l)P )?Y'I,)!6.1t'S j:?j JiltS d.ljl t.rr v.iL5'.t~

..::.-t/~L

--II"r'--


J'(.'f;0'~./J~mf;P r.).?Y.nf..JJ/~ ~f 'f- S-=-~Vf-=-.JJ)'_~~ Jf)fj....yS~Jf-=-~(bJ~~f~..r.:i-=-~Jfv( ~~"':'"'f')~-=-./~ -UJ1?- ~t[p,y.L iJ((~).?Y~Lfyvf.?~./

qoy,Ylqq'f'.;y.j)'VJ~?cJl.--yL'_'Ii',:eJ....?.I:"'?';)(.:):1-J'(/

_I

'yIQq",'''::'-';'4--:4 :..::.-/"e(f' I.:I1'~J~;J"'?';)~I_U_'-'~

_r

",y 1""y,yr .. r,,,::,-~l)~.I{JLlf~A·'foJ''''';A~

-} ~..f}'lj, J;.a)t.3,yfq'fr',.IYij)'uJ'(I~JI~If,:,j'JJ"::'-'_;;IJ'~J'

,b.lI}JQ00'J,":-" If,:,eJk.

,..::..r~1J;I)yr ... ,.IYij)

_r'

':'.11)';:; _I"

1r'~~1

_o

10~~1

_'f

}~..f}'l;J;.a)t.3'~1

_'"

s:,..?;),~~Li.

_"

IIYceyl"O.,v:!~~~..J 11r'_'II"..::.-~~1 _q 111"Y,~1 _I. Kirpal

Singh,

'Charbagh-e-Punjab,

by Ganesh

Das',

_II

Ibid.,p.121

_Ir

Proceedings of Punjab History Conference, Punjabi University, Patiala, p.119

Ganesh Das (translated and edited by J.S. Grewal & Indu _Ir' Banga, Early Nineteenth Century Punjab, G.N.D. University, Amritsar, 1975, p.13 Ibid.,pp.13-14 -_

I("("--

_II"


Ibid., p.14 _IO

J1.1J(.;.IJ_?;)4'":4.:;.,0?'':;''~~;JJ''y,,(j.lI~,J:.}~.-?1 I'IYcf

_1'1

Iq'l"JVI. ,.:;.,I}.7Ct?" ~I

_I"

~I

_II'I

,ci.::.:;. d'Y';:';;;J/I~?'~J_tI,JliJ~.A-;"'l,;)k_,i,)vl)YOOYcf

_I'I

r .. oCjY<' V'i,)~J""" li'-:iL.I "t~_....., 1i'-:1J(j.).IPJ. y,il ........ •• ..

OOYc~1

00_0'1.:;.,li"',~1 _rl O"Yc~1

_rr

OI\Yc~1

_rr'

I"I'IYc~1 _rl" OI\_Oq.:;.,li""~1 _ro OqYc~1 _r'i '1.Yc~1 _r" 'IqYc~1 _rl'l _rq

~I 1••Yc~'

~,

r'.

_r'1

1.&c~1

_r'r

1.r'Yc~1

_r'r'

~I

_r'1"

OI\Yc~1 _r'0

~I_n Ganesh Das (translated and edited by I.S. Grewal & Indu Banga, Early Nineteenth Century Punjab, op.cit., p.33

--If

0--

_r'''


Y

,(~..::.:;. d'y,~ ":;;J/' ~:?'~J_':I ,JliJ u:!1_~ (;,lit...) vlJ q(Y_ qr'..::-Li"", J)ufiui.:J....,li' ...il.J (.,_....,li'...IJJ....... v ril •

Sohan Lal Suri (tr.V.S.Suri)

..

••

__." "t

...

_r'i\

..

Kirpal Singh, op.cit., p.121

_n

Ibid., p.124

_(Y.

Urndat-ut-Tawarikh,

Dafter

_(y1

II, G.N.D. University, Amritsar, 2002, pp.80-81

,..J.J~J:c)l'flq'1l

'HiJ)'(;~~JI;1,;[J;J

~;),A

..::-/"1,;[.)1 J?-

_(Yr

,-y ~":>L.-J'(;.J, ~ ,,"

..

qq_qi\..::-Ii4~1 I••Y,~I

--

1("'1--

_(yr' _(Y(Y _(YO


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.