The Market Place (B.Arch thesis report ) by Mullaikodi Kathiravan

THE MARKET PLACE (REVIVING THE ROLE OF MARKETS AS A PUBLICPLACE)

A THESIS REPORT Submitted by

K.MULLAIKODI In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

MEASI Academy of Architecture 87 Peter’s Road, Royapettah, Chennai 600014

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600025 May 2021

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600025 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Certified that this thesis report on “THE MARKET PLACE” is the bonafide work of “K.MULLAIKODI“ who carried out the thesis work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE Prof. N. Altaf Ahmed Director MEASI Academy of Architecture 87 Peter’s Rd. Royapettah

Ar.Divyalakshmi SUPERVISOR Assistant Professor MEASI Academy of Architecture 87 Peter’s Rd. Royapettah

Chennai 600014

SIGNATURE

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DECLARATION I declare that this thesis titled “THE MARKET PLACE” is bonafide work done by me, under the supervision of M.DIVYA LAKSHMI at MEASI Academy of Architecture, Chennai during the period December 2020 – May 2021.

I further declare that the work reported herein does not form part of any other thesis based on which a degree or award was conferred on any earlier occasion.

Chennai

Student’s signature

Date:23.07.2021

K.MULLAIKODI

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my gratitude to Prof.N.AltafAhmed, Director,Prof.A.N.Sachithanandan, Dean, Prof.Kesavalu,Head of the Department and Dr.Monsingh D.Devdas, Principal.

I express my sincere thanks to my guide Ar.M.DivyaLakshmi for her encouragement and guidance. Special thanks to the panel members Prof.Ar.Manoharan and Ar.Elias Koshy for their constructive criticism at various stages, which has greatly helped me throughout this thesis.

I would like to thank my parents Mr.M.S.Kathiravan and Mrs.K.Vinodha for their constant support through these years. I also thank my family, friends and everyone who hasbeen helpful for the successful completion of this Thesis.

ABSTRACT This thesis, market place looks at reviving the diverse roles of a public market as a public place of socio cultural significance which is keeping them alive in this age of growing online shopping. This thesis attempts to focus on the market’s connection with people and its urban context by using the tool of place making. Hence this thesis relies on the detailed adaptive use of various spaces, flexibility in design and, diversity in activities associated with the market which will empower people and develop a sense of community and its imagery as a landmark.. It also considers the market as a source of resources and a place to connect with nature’s value and its cycles.

THESIS EVOLUTION Being a city grown kid, my craving to interact with the roots of daily resources, their values, cultural identity ,nature, indigenous art, food and architecture, lead me to choose a topic which makes the above a part of daily life. This happens only when its associated with a regular, secular activity like shopping essentials. This was also a result of the monotonous malls being the most common place which generally caters to a particular class of the crowd and compelled into standardization . Open spaces on the other hand merely spaces to bring in light and sir into the dense urban fabric than alive public areas associated with activities. These thoughts were all fused together and ignited into a market place by the government proposal for decentralizing Asia’s largest perishables market. Exploring the diverse roles and significance of markets in urban context fascinated me and lead this thesis to what it is.

TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE

BONAFIDE

DECLARATION

III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE AND CASE STUDIES

2.1 LITERATURE STUDY

2.2 STANDARDS STUDY

2.3 CASE STUDY –NET STUDY

2.4 CASE STUDY LIVE

2.5 COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS AND INFERENCE

CHAPTER 3 3.1 SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 4- BRIEF AND ZONNING PROCESS

4.1NEIGHBOURHOOD STUDY – BRIEF DERIVATION

4.2ZONNING OPTIONS

4.3 CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

CHAPTER 5 - PLANNING

5.2 MASTER PLAN

5.3TRUCK CIRCULATION

5.4 RETAIL CIRCULATION

5.5 PEDESTRIAN AREA

5.6 SITE PLAN

CHAPTER 6 – DETAILING

6.1 MARKET MAP AND FLOW

6.1MODULES DETAIL DRAWINGS

6.2PLACEMAKING ELEMENTS AND ADAPTIVE USE DETAILS

6.3 SERVICES AND ALTERNATE ENERGIES

BIBILOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION: A public market is a space of commerce and social ability and a place of regular gathering for certain groups of people and is a place of connection with a larger network. A really public place.(public is, if all people, without any exception can use the same space)

NEED: Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex (KWMC) is one of Asia's largest perishable goods market complex. “Koyambedu market is the only source market for vegetables and fruits in the city. The market is now overcrowded due to wholesale and retailing. As the market was established 25 years ago, the facility is inadequate to meet the present requirements.

Moreover, more than 50,000 persons, including traders, visit the Koyambedu market every day, resulting in the choking of roads with traffic congestion and overcrowding in and around the market area. This is also due to flow of goods from outer Chennai to koyambedu for organisation and then back to the outskirts creating terrible impact on the city traffic

Hence Tamil Nadu Government is planning to build three new markets with modern amenities at Kattankolathur, Kuthambakkam and Mathur along outer ring road . Basically on 3 directional highway routes thereby dropping the goods for outskirts and finally to koyambedu for supply within inner ring road.

This will reduce city traffic, develop the above areas and also decongest koyambedu market. NOTE : The thesis is to design a market in one of these wings though all 3 will come up in future. Since the feasibility study for site and brief is in process by the government this thesis is considered as a part live and part hypothetical project, where Koyambedu market is considered as base reference for the derivation of requirements 1

LITERATURE AND CASE STUDY

CHANGING ROLES OF PUBLIC MARK: ETS: SIGNIFICANCE  Historical  Cultural  Economic Market is the most socially diverse public place in a community around the common experiences of food, shopping, culture, and conversation. The best market halls transcend history and locale. Combining areas to gather, socialize and shop, these incredible spaces are uniquely tied to cities and public life Formed around commerce, market halls have the power to transform civic engagement while helping to create community and anchor redevelopment. COMMERCE- POWER TO TRANSFORM CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNITY ADEVELOPMENT

SECULAR SOCIALIZE, SHOP IMPORTANT ASPECT OF URBAN LIFE

PUBLIC MARKETS

EXPRESSIVE AND SUBTLE SIMILAR APPROACHESCELEBRATES IDENTITY AND YET EXCHANGES CULTURE AND GOODS

ADAPTATION IS THE KEY REINTERPRETING AND RESPECTING TRADITIONAL MODULES ENRICHING PUBLIC LIFE

As structures that help define neighborhood identity: Markets celebrate the exchange between people and goods As landmarks:Both expressive and subtle in nature, they each impact public space and how its perceived. Thus, market spaces behold qualities depending on the factors like typology, context, organization, social, cultural, economic, and historical relevance. aged and unsafe facilities in the

HISTORY:

marketplaces

Historically been the center of urban life, as a communityinstitution Societies develop cultural exchange by the direct

Loss in socialmediated spaces

sale of goods. Sometimes, market space is the center of protest and riots. The market is a space Modern transformed lifestyles

of sensory experience. 3

Decline of traditional markets

MARKETS AROUND THE WORLD: MIDDLE EAST

3000 BCE

MEDEIVAL EUROPE GREEK ROME

BAZAAR MARKET

550-350BCE 100-110 BCE

AGORA FORUM

PERIPHERY TRADE ROUTES NEXT TO LANDMARKS CITY CENTER VICINITY

TYPES OF MARKET Bazaar

Market square

Super market

Public market

Trade village

Street market

Indoor market

Floating market

Marketplace

Flea market

In the Middle-East, documentary sources suggest that a form of bazaar first developed around 3,000 BCE Moosavi argues that the MiddleEastern bazaar evolved in a linear pattern, whereas the market places of the West were more centralised EGYPT - WOMEN FOLK At Pompeii multiple markets served the population of approximately 12,000 located and organised

Markets generally have featured prominently in artworks, especially amongst the Dutch painters of Antwerp from the middle of the 16th century. Pieter Aertsen was known as the "great painter of the market." Both he and his nephew, Joachim Beuckelaer, painted market scenes, street vendors and merchants

NECESSITY: Now, public realms have lost inherent values as social-mediated spaces. This situation has led the city to lose its existentialistic meaning in such gathering space and the absence of the public realm. Rethinking markets roles in the urban structure as the new type of social area, supporting urban traditions, and exchanging between communities economically and socially while 4 dealing with current sustainability issues is now necessary.

MARKET DESIGN STRATEGIES (stated by the Food and Agricultural Organization of The UN) LOCATION OF SITE: The preferred location for markets is one with good access to a main road system and with compatible adjacent land uses (such as catering and agribusiness industries)

Site Size: The overall site area required to accommodate the covered space should be in the ratio of between 1: 4 and 1: 3. This would mean that for every square metre of covered sales space an additional three to four square metres of site would be required. Exceptionally, this factor can be reduced to 1:2.5 if the site area is very limited and increased to 1: 5 if much of the trading is likely to be undertaken in the open.

The overall site area in square metres can thus be derived by multiplying the gross market area by a factor of 2.5 to 5 to allow for traffic circulation, parking areas and site landscaping

PLACE MAKING WHAT IS PLACEMAKING? Placemaking is a multi-faceted approach to the planning, design and management of public spaces. Placemaking capitalizes on a local community's assets, inspiration, and potential, with the intention of creating public spaces that promote people's health, happiness, and well-being MAKING MARKET A DYNAMIC COMMUNITY PLACE STRATEGIES FOR PLACE MAKING

Public markets can be some of the most impactful and welcoming public spaces in our cities and towns, improving public health, and offering inclusive access to entrepreneurship.

Community-driven Visionary Function before form Adaptable Inclusive Focused on creating destinations Context-specific Dynamic Trans-disciplinary Transformative Flexible Collaborative Sociable

Top-down Reactionary Design-driven A blanket solution or quick fix Exclusionary Car-centric One-size-fits-all Static Discipline-driven One-dimensional Dependent on regulatorcontrols A cost/benefit analysis Project-focused

4 Guidelines on Taking Public Markets to the Next Level - KELLY VEREL 1. CREATING A GREAT FARMERS MARKET IS ABOUT CREATING A GREAT PUBLIC SPACE 2. PUBLIC MARKETS MUST HAVE PUBLIC GOALS: 3. MARKETS HAVE TO EVOLVE. 4. HEALTHY FOOD HUBS: THE BEST MARKETS ARE AT THE HEART OF A COMMUNITY

PROMOTE THE MARKET AS A COMMUNITY DESTINATION COMMUNITY AND REGION

DESIGN THE MARKET AS A PUBLIC SPACE

MANAGEMENT In addition to shopping, sitting, and eating, the market’s layout should include spaces for performances, play or even learning EXPANSION CAPACITY Strengthen connectivity to existing destinations near the market space and extend programming and activation

Develop a strong social media presence,including Twitter, Facebook and Instagram,and good

EMPHASIZE WHAT MAKES YOUR COMMUNITY UNIQUE AND MAKE THE MARKET INCLUSIVE

CREATE STRONG COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS

RECRUIT THE RIGHT VENDORS – REFLECTING THE REGION

COMPARING 3 MARKETS THROUGH DIFFERENT PHASES IN HISTORY FOR THEIR PLANNING AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS: Halle Paris are an example of clearly separated pavilions by type of food that are sold in them The dimensions of the pavilion are 42 * 54 m or 54 * 54 m, designed and constructed in a modular system of 6 m. Height of the pavilion is 24m lightness and transparency of this masterpiece natural lighting were achieved through glass blinds. NOT WITHSTAND WEATHER

Agri-Food Center Rome (CAR), built in 2002, is located in a suburb of Rome One of the zones is fruit, vegetables and fish wholesale market .Annual fruits and vegetables turnover is 750,000 tons Wholesale market supply the city of Rome with about 3.8 million people. The total area of both buildings is 45,000 m2 Each facility has 60 stores, Floors are smooth finished, epoxy coated. Internal walls are smooth and painted with washable paint. Only natural cross ventilation exists, since both ramp doors and promotion space doors are usually opened, 8

The stores structure is made of reinforced concrete with thermally insulated prefabricated concrete panels.

while in the central semicircular roofed area is 16 m (Fig.11). Central corridor natural lighting is obtained through the windows on the semi-circular roof. Each store 12mx24 with a small toilet and a cold room,office upstairs so that the totalavailable area 355 sqm

Width of the building is 72 m, the grid is 3 Longitudinal grid is 12 m

Wholesale market Lyon-Corbas in Lyon Wholesale market Lyon- Corbas was built in 2009. It is located in the agro- food zone of Lyon. The site area is 11 ha and the buildings area is 38.000 m2 for fruit and vegetable sale

Efficient flow through buildings is also achieved with the spatial solution of the site. In that way, the "customers area" is located between two buildings, so the mixing of suppliers and customers is avoided.

Two buildings, opposite to each other (Fig.12), has an area of 35.000 m2 . Area of 27.000 m 2 has controlled air temperature. longitudinal direction column grid is 12.5 m and in transversal direction is 40 m.

MATERIALS: Reinforced concrete skeleton, smooth epoxy floors without drain channels are foreseen. Facade walls and roofing are made of thermally insulated sandwich sheet panels. All doors on the facade walls are roller shutters. Height of the building is 8 m. The ramps height is 1.10 m from the road level. Four meters wide ramps, on the delivery to customers side are covered. On the supplier side, On the other side of the building, the receiving is provided through a door equipped with "auto-docks" Therefore, the cold chain is totally maintained on the gross suppliers side. INFERENCE: Three types of building spatial–functional solution were observed in relation to realized ambiental conditions in them. pavilions vs 3 aisle and central atrium vs linear corridor. Requirements and purpose remains the same while form differs. Markets express contemporary trends of the periods. Only in the 3 rd example materials are easy to clean.

STANDARDS STUDY BODY MEASUREMENTS AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS

OPENINGS

INCLUSIVE DESIGN STANDARDS

ACCESSIBLE BUILDINGS: The dimensions of the movement area are 0.90-1.80 m and may overlap - except in front of lift doors. A depth and width of at least 1.50 m should be provided in every room for turning

STAIRS • Spirals to be avoided as tread height is importtant and for easy movement •No nosing as it makes the edge slippery •optimum pitch - 2 r + t = height of person For outside stairs, low steps- of 12 x 41 to 16 x 30 em •emergency stairs should, in contrast, make it possible to change level quickly an denclosed. •Exit width should be ~ stair width. Every location in inhabited rooms and basements must be ~35 m from the stairwell of at least one legally essential stairway or exit. •Any openings from stairwells into cellars, self-closing doors with a fire resistance rating of 30 minutes. •Emergency stairways for customers must be at least 2.0 m wide and may not exceed a width of 2.5 m.

•min. 1.50 m wide in corridors, main routes and next to stairs up and down. •parking places, next to the long side of the vehicle of a wheelchairuser in car parks •min. 1.20 m wide alongside facilities which a wheelchair user has to approach fromthe side, between the wheel kerbs of a ramp and next to operated equipment. •min. 0.90 m wide in access ways next to cash desks and checkpoints and on side routes. •Accessibility without stepsAll levels of buildings designed in accordance with the principles of accessibility must be accessible without steps, i.e. using a lift or a ramp. . •Ramps May have a maximum slope of 6% ~ 0. If ramps are longer than6 m, an intermediate landing of min. 1.50 m length is required.Clear ramp width must be min. 1.20 m. •Stairs. The movement area next to the stairs going up and down must bemin. 1.50 m wide •Sanitary facilities At least one toilet must be provided for wheelchair users in all sanitary facilities. The seat height should be 48 em ~ 8. •Corridors and meeting areas Corridors and routes longer than 15 m must have a passing place for two wheelchair users of at least 1.80 m width and depth. •Wheelchair parking place A wheelchair parking place for each wheelchair user is to be included in the design, preferably in the entrance area.

Markets are sometimes built as sheds with internal levels or adaptive space REPAIR AREA: TRUCKS AND VEHICLES THERE FOR REGULAR USE NEED REPAIR AND MAINTAINANCE AREA FIRE STATION: Fire sub-station for local call-outs can consist of: fire engine parking, equipment room, store for special equipment, training room (multi-purpose room for administration and control centre), social rooms, building services

CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY

FOCUS/PARAMETER

GARMOLATE MARKET BANGLADESH VILLAGE MARKET

PUBLIC PLACE PROGRAMME AND DESIGN CULTURAL RESPONSE

MARKTHAL WHOLESALE

CONTEMPORARY EXAMPLES

TINAN WHOLESALE

AROUND THE WORLD

BURSA WHOLESALE MARKET MARKETS OF BARCELONA KOYAMBEDU MARKET

INDIAN PROJECTS IN SIMILAR SCALE

MAFCO WHOLESALE MARKET

AND FUNCTION, DETAIL STUDY

KOYAMBEDU MARKET IS THE LIVE STUDY AND THE BASIS OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT AND HENCE ANALYSED IN DETAIL COMPARED TO OTHER EXAMPLES. GRAMALOTE, COLOMBIA Architects: Niro Arquitectura, OAU | Area: 1300 m² Year: 2017 The roof was designed to be an architectural reference and meeting point for inhabitants of the town. It is made up of a concrete structural module, defined by inverted folds and a rainwater collection mechanism in its roof and columns. By arranging eight modules of three, a roof that demonstrates unity in the architectural ensemble is created.

topography with a 25% and 30% slope, which forces the creation of a continuous zigzag path between the higher and lower accesses of the market square.

The lower part of the square has a multiuse platform attached to the main access in which a farmers market, a food court, bazaars, musical events, etc. can operate viewpoint towards the landscape 70 commercial stalls were generated for the market place 2 types This clay facade is retracted at the upper part of the lot in order to create an entrance hall

VILLAGE MARKET BANGLADESH The challenge to integrate modern and traditional also creating a place that builds social cohesion, encourages education, respects religious beliefs, creates something of communal pride The task at hand was to respect and mix the market dynamics with outstanding architecture and a flair of Dutch pragmatism. The market is organized along three main functions: the market function along one axes (horticulture and aquaculture), the facilitating of social and educational functions for the local farmers along the other axes (retail and information center) and finally the surrounding Tech Village where food is processed and cooled using state of the art hardware.’

The traditional pavilion (which expedite the form of contextual bazar) enclave by the technology; The Dutch clock gable intermingled with Bengali motifs on red bricks; the symbolic city of trade floor- buttressed by the tech village behind. ensure traditional artisanal skills were highlighted - pride in the facade CONTEMPORARY MARKET DESIGNS . Markthal includes a huge market floor on the ground floor under an arch of apartments. Its shape, its colourful interior and the height turns Markthal into an unique spectacle.Basement tunnel loading at another square - cools surrounding buildings also Keeping the closure as transparent as possible a cable net façade was chosen which needs very few constructive elements. Its principle is comparable to a tennis racke Alarge bat stays integrated into the façade Markthal is a building without a backside An ecologist was invited to improve the ecological value of the inner city location and advised to create space for bats and swifts. On the western façade of the 11th floor are four.

The building would consolidate these commercial activities, providing the city with a centralized control point from which to monitor the Bursa‟s food supply. By reinstalling steel into the architecture of the Wholesale Greengrocer‟s Market, a sense of emotional satisfaction was also achieved in the place, apart from all the functional conventionality.

A high area topped with a steel spanned arched roof provides a healthy and orderly atmosphere for trade, as it is with grand bazaars of authentic Turkish architecture. Steel allowed reflecting Greengrocer's Market's unique character; and therefore, was the most suitable material. TINAN WHOLESALE MARKET

MVRDV has broken ground on a new wholesale market for fruit and vegetables in Tainan. With its terraced accessible green roof, the open-air market will not only be an important hub for Tainan’s food supply chain, but also a destination for meeting, socialising, and taking in views of the surrounding landscape from the building’s accessible green farming roof.

On one side, a simple four-storey structure contains the market’s administrative offices, a restaurant, and an exhibition centre where agricultural products from the region can be displayed, making the building ideal for school visits. This four-storey addition punctures the main structure, providing a secondary access to the landscaped roof

MARKETS OF BARCELON: ADAPTIVE REUSE RENUVANATION ARE IN TREND FUSING MODERN ART AND ARCHHITECTURE NEIGHBOURHOOD MARKETS AND MORE REGULATED.

MAFCO WHOLESALE MARKET MAHARASH TRA AGRO FOOD PROCESSING CORPORATI ON THANE BHELAPUR ROAD VASHI AND SANPADA inactive to improper functioning and circulation and ampc in vicinity Four trucking courts with auction halls mark the vehicular entry to the market The major element that structures the plan is the street It cuts through the body of buildings, forming a series of linked open-to-sky spaces. These streets turn inwards from the roads that border the market emphasizing the pedestrian nature of circulation Auction hall: Each bay of the auction hall is 18.29 m long and 9.14 m wide. It is covered by an inclined concrete roof with gullies for the disposal of rainwater.

Behind the auction halls a wide inner pedestrian circulation path connects the two defining find first specific ends where the community functions for the traders are located. Bordering this pedestrian strip are the trading cells and the semi-wholesale market, with its shaded streets and courts defining the edges and the inner spaces of the market.

. The dimensions chosen here are 18.29 m, 9.14 m, 4.57 m and 3.65 m. Each cell comprises three distinct spaces: (i) the office or ‘pedhi’, (ii) a godown, and (iii) sleeping space for Trading cells: All trading cells are accommodated within a standard dimension of 18.29 m, divisible by numbers from 1 to 6

The wholesale market: This market within a market consists of rows of raised platforms for selling activities with circulation aisles on the ground floor, and smaller offices on the first floor. Each small office has a platform for discussions at the window side. Four such 18.30 m x 13.10 m units make a cluster, and are connected by two pairs of staircases and an upper-level deck in a 4.57 m wide inner street that crosses the central hall. These can be extended in the future along the principal axis of the central halls.

Banks: Three branch are banks within accommodated the same structural bay that makes the trading cells. A central banking space is flanked by ancillary spaces on either side. The thin shell roof over the central five bays is cambered on the principal axis of the shell

Structure: Each unit of the shell spans on its longer axis two reinforced concrete trusses. Each truss carries two units of shell on a concrete column grid of 9.14 m x 13.1 m. The presence of marine clay makes it necessary to have concentrated point loading for effective and economical foundations. The plinth beams carry the internal partition loads and the long spans permit flexibility in the arrangement of these partitions. The concrete work is exposed, while the rest of the construction is plastered and painted

KOYAMBEDU MARKET Asia’s largest market for perishables combining wholesale and retail.ARCHITECT - Ar.Kuldip Singh (Sagoo + Associates, Delhi) executed by : Murali Architects Chennai YEAR:1996 AREA: 67 acres, LINKS: stock from all over India to Koyambedu for Tamilnadu and from the sources of Tamil Nadu to other parts. CONNECTIVITY: Central station via Poonamalle high road and airport through Jawaharlal Nehru road CMBT bus terminus beside it. ACCESS: Poonamalle High Road - 25m wide app -all vehicles Jawaharlal Nehru Road - 33m road all vehicles A road - 10m road no heavy vehicle Kali amman koil street - 25m road all vechiles c road - e road - 20m road - all vehicles b road - all vehicles

Roads developed exclusively for the market, maintained out of shop rents though used by the general public for connectivity Koyambedu market provides livelihood for around 20,000 workers out of which 11,000 are within the site FOOTFALL/DAY: >1,00,000 HEAVY VEHICLE:>1000 MINI TRUCK:>2500/PERDAY AUTO:50/PER 21 HOUR TWO WHEELER: 150/HOUR 75 TWO WHEELER / PER DAY - MERCHANTS

VIEWS OF ROADS AROUND THE MARKET 5.30 PM THURSDAY PANDEMIC SENARIO

PRODUCTS: Flowers, Fruits, vegetables, greens, food grains - chosen according to Perishables Act. vegetables market being the largest with 22 acres The market is divided into 4 based on products and named on leaders.(Kamarajar flower market, Anna fruit market and Periyar vegetable market) Koyambedu market has a footfall of 50,000 people a day and provides employment for 11,000 people app.

ACTIVITY: •OPENING OF SHOPS BASED ON THEIR LOAD CONVENIENCE FROM 10PM •DAILY WAGE LABOURORS COME FOR NIGHT STAY •HEAVY VEHICLES ALLOWED INTO CITY FROM 11PM REACHES KOYAMBEDU FROM 12 •UNLOADING FROM TRUCK AND LOADING IN MINI TRUCKS AND STOCKING TILL 10 AM •PEEK HOURS - FLOWER MARKET 3 am - 10am •LEAST ACTIVE HOURS 3pm- 7 pm •RETAIL ACTIVE AND OPEN TILL EVENING •COVID pandemic has brought down footfall, timings, activity and circulation is regulated as designed unlike the negligent way before FLOOD: It is situated on naturally low-lying areas between the Coovum River and the Virugambakkam - Arumbakkam channel. The severe flooding in 2015 not only crippled all modes of transport and city-wide food supplies, but also put $191.3 Million investments at stake to damage from inundation. With 85% of all surfaces being impervious, the absorption capacity and ground water levels have faced severe decline over the years. In addition, the Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex is poorly maintained, creating 200 tons of unmanaged waste daily dumped into Kodungaiyur23 dump yard

SERVICES There are several services and facilities needed for a market of this kind to function the . market. SERVICES / FACILITIES THAT CAN BE ADDED: • Amma unavagam for labourers • Day care • Horticulture • Compost pit (manure) •More halt rooms •Solar panels, recycling ,processing units WATER SUPPLY: Supply station not working. Sump is filled, treated in R.O and filled in plastic cans which are carried to shops adding hindrance to the existing circulation LUXURY: The existing 2400 sq ft shops are g+1 structures with storage, admin and resting Spaces in 1st storey with staircase within

FACILITIES IN KOYAMBEDU MARKET

FLOWER MARKET •Flowers are light and hence carrying is easy. Their fragrance welcomes people, •Mostly flowers come from banglore and north India while indegeneous varieties are predominantly from Madurai surroundings •Flowers need water to be maintained unlike fruits. • They make the space less shabby than fruits. •No vehicles such as 90ft lorries or huge trucks are used,

For easy unloading from trucks in d exterior 8 sub entries Hotel at the entrance for load man greatly need it. Grand entrance at the end of an axis (pedestrian entry) G+1 STRUCTURE 3 Levels vehicular access to ground and 1st floor Ground and firstwholesale mezanine pondcourtyard - retail transition cum circulation corridors - both retail and wholesale

SERVICE CORE •NOT IN WIND DIRECTION, •NOT DIRECTLY VISIBLE HIDDEN BY AXIAL CIRCULATION •AT THE JUCTION OF AXISES •CONNECTION THE 4 QUATERS(RETAIL,PLAZA, WHOLESALE •EASY ACCESS FROM

GRID PLANNING- CENTRALISED ORGANISATION- LINEAR CIRCULATION REPETETIVE MODULES Linearity is a must for markets for to keep people moving. But it make us feel unsafe and tired at a point This is broken by centralised organization and cutouts. This also provides diverse circulation choices all sides connected and levels interlocked by circulation corridor also facilitating easy repetition of modules and maintenance

There are 5 varieties of shops varying in size and layout t MATERIALS: STONE CLADDING, KADAPPA STONE STONE, CEMENT FLOORING, CONTRETE FINISHES, NUTRAL COLORS WHERE FLOWERS GAIN ATTENTION SHOPS IN 1ST FLOOR VS GROUND VARIES IN FUNCTION AND LAYOUT

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE MARKET

GODOWN - 2 HUGE CELLS WOTH COMMON RAISED PLINTH SHOPS INDIVIDUALLY

ONLY COMMERCIAL AGENTS, NO PEOPLE ORIENTED PROGRAMMES

PERMANANCY FLEXIBILITY WHOLENESS SOCIAL LIFE RESPONSIVENESS

HIRARCHY OF SPACES – COURT – STREET – SERVICE SHOPS AT THE NODES

RESPONSIVENESS: The built environment should provide its users with an essentially democratic setting, enriching their oppurtunities by maximising the degree of choice available to them. 32

G+1 AT LARGER SPACES CONTRIBUTING TO THE ELEVATION AND SENSE OF PLACE

LESS INTRICATE SURFACES, DARK COLORS ANTI SKID BUT SMOOTH AND SIMPLER FORMS ARE EASIER TO MAINTAIN.

NO YOUTH/VOLUNTEe R OR COMMUNITY ATTRACTION MERELY AN ECONOMIC COMPULSION

Reduce detailing and dead spots for easy maintenance. Avoid underground/negative spaces of shelter

Plumbing connections only to hotels restricting huge labor crowd from over crowing the inside market TENSILE ROOFING TO be DETAILED WITH THE MODULES

NOT MANY WOMEN AND CHILDREN REASON: TOO CROWDED LESS COMFORT AND SECURITY

PHOTOS – CASE STUDY - KOYAMBEDU

FLOWER MARKET COLUMNS FORMING THE MOVEMENT GRID

VENDORS PARKING CLOSE TO SHOPS – UNORGANISED LEVELS TO SEGREGATE TRACKS

INTRICATE – FLORAL CARVING ON THE CEILING – WITH EMBEDDED ELECTRICAL FACILITY

PEDESTRIAN RAMPS AND UNDERSPACES – INSESCUREMAINTAINED NG

Gable for future expansion Considerable cattle movement Different Shop modules – transition spaces maximumShops in 1st floor not prefered

Toilets at nodes and focus soiling user experience

Garbage circulation along user circulation

Congestion during critical hour due to lack of separate consumer track and parking for wholesale

Truck parks within circulation is essential considering turns and one way flow for trucks and separate wholesale consumer circulation is essential

Toilets pulling back user experience and hygiene

Flood retail is most affected – labour and Workers recreation required during leisure hours

Elements with more than one use vendor parking labour resting is preferred close to shops FEASIBILITY OF VERTICALITY: Markets are restricted to horizontal expansion due to maintenance and circulation of goods and garbage. FSI 2. Areas with less loading activity can be extended vertically and use of modern facilities can make it more feasible

CASESTUDY COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS

SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN DESIGN BASED ON PRODUCT QUALITIES

SITE SELECTION AND BRIEF

SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS The site needs to lie in either of the following 3 highway wings

MATHUR NORTH CHENNAI

Ch – Blr highway WEST CHENNAI

KOYAMBEDU

GST ROAD SOUTH CHENNAI

MATHUR

SITE COMPARISON

THIRUMAZHISAI PARAMETERS

MATHUR

SINGAPERUMAL KOVIL

THIRUMAZHISAI SITE CHOSEN BASED ON THE ABOVE 42

SITE ANALYSIS

BRIEF AND ZONNING PROCESS

AREA STATEMENT AND PROJECT BRIEF

DIVERSITY IN ACITIES,SPACES THAT RESPOND TO NEIGHBOURHOOD AND INVOLVE COMMUNITY FORM THE SOUL OF PLACEMAKING

ZONNING OPTIONS AND CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

SPATIAL ORGANISATION AND CONCEPTUAL IDEAS FOR PLACEMAKING BASED ON CASESTUDY ANALYSIS

DETAILED AREA STATEMENT

EVOLUTION OF MASTER PLAN: ROUGHLY DESIGNED SHOP MODULES IN RESPECTIVE SIZES ARRANGED IN DIFFERENT WAYS TO EXPLORE PROS AND CONS OF VARIOUS CIRCULATION AND ORGANISATION OPTIONS

48 PAPER CARDS – SHOP MODULES- ON SITE GRID PLANE

EVOLVED ZONNING AND CONCEPTUAL PLAN

GOODS FLOW FROM LARGE TO LESS QUANTITY TOWARDS PERIPHERY (WHOLESALE TO KIOSK) FLOWER MARKET AND MARKET CORE AT COMMON ENDS SLIPTING OF SITE FOR BETTER LEGIBILITY – LESS CONGESTION - BETTER PLACEMAKING

KIOSK FOOT BRIDGE ABUTTING THE ROADS

MASTER PLAN STAGE 1

DISTRIBUTED TRUCK PARKING

CRIT:  UNDERGROUND SUBWAY NOT PREFERRED  REPETITION IN SHOP ORGANISATION TO BE BROKEN  MARKET DEVIDED INTO 2 COMPLETELY, NEEDS TO BE INTEGRATED 50  OSR TO BE DESIGNED

ADAPTIVE USE OF HUGE WHOLESALE BAYS SHOP MODULES REDUCE PARKING YARD NECESSITY SAME GOODS FLOW TO BOTH SIDES EACH EASILY ACCESSIBLE BY DIFFERENT NEIGHBOURHOOD INTEGRATED WITH GREEN – LEISURE SPACES AND PARKS(ECONOMIC GROUPS IN NEIGHBOURHOOD DON’T SPEND SEPARATE TIME FOR LEISURE HENCE COMMUNITY FARMING ALSO PROVIDES LIVELIHOOD

PLANS

TRUCK CIRCULATION 11PM-5AM

TRUCK WAY

WEIGH BRIDGE

SHOPS

CRUCIAL TIME CIRCULATION Trucks exit and semi-wholesale consumers enter in. Hence it’s the most crucial time for vehicle circulation. Truck parking is predominantly along its circulation while it’s the opposite for vehicles

It’s in the retail hours that the 2 parts of the market is completely connected for pedestrians, The huge wholesale bays serve as parking and food court creating the best interaction and circulation

Truck parking bays substitutes parking yard necessity. Bamboo partitions making modules adaptable

WHOLESALE MODULE 2 Common terrace for labour stay, cold storage and terrace garden Flat roof for better water harvesting and climate response. Vendor control around the shop with maximum storage space and toilet/ Transitional spaces for handling goods

SEMI WHOLE SALE MODULE TRADITIONAL ELEMENTS AND CLIMATE RESPONSIVE MATERIALS USED IN ALL MODULES CONSIDERING WIND, CUSTOMER AND PRODUCT FLOW. Lighting and display of goods.

PLAN

SECTION CC’

This the typology that’s most affected by seasonal sale. Hence seasonal expansion courts and expansion trays help adaption

REATIL - MODULE 1

MODULE 2

Singly loaded arrangement for better safety and fire escape

Mostly transition spaces for display unlike wholesale Designed to distribute crowd

Openings designed to view products before entering its shop area

Inbuilt segregated disposal bins and service corridor for module 2 to ease disposal

PARKING

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