Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities 2010
www.ontariomcp.ca
Acknowledgements
This project was conceived and initiated by Municipal Cultural Planning Incorporated (MCPI) to support Ontario municipalities in Cultural Resource Mapping. MCPI gratefully recognizes the significant leadership of the Government of Ontario in funding these guidelines. MCPI thanks the many people working in municipal governments, other levels of government, non-profits, consulting firms and academia across Ontario who were consulted and provided advice in the preparation of these guidelines. Valuable conversations were started at the “Cultural Mapping and Cultural Planning: Making the Connection” workshop on March 2-3, 2010 at the Martin Prosperity Institute, held in partnership with the Creative City Network of Canada. The many interviews with practitioners who shared their experience and insight as well as the dedicated support and advice provided by this project’s Stakeholder Working Group were instrumental in creating a document that distills the current-day practice and value of Municipal Cultural Resource Mapping in Ontario. MCPI acknowledges the authorship of these guidelines by the Canadian Urban Institute, namely Jeff Evenson, Principal of Connector, and Charles Tilden, Planner & Researcher with Connector, whose expert knowledge, insight and research were central to the development of these guidelines. Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities was designed by CuteGecko Design Agency. Selected photography by Ramy Nassar.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Executive Summary
p.4
Introduction p.6
Guidelines 1 Getting Started p.8 2 Building Successful Partnerships p.12 3 Identifying Cultural Resources p.16 4 Building & Maintaining a Culture Resource Database p.20 5 Applications to Municipal Policy & Planning p.28 6 Making Maps & Other Visual Tools p.36 Conclusion and Message from MCPI
p.46
About MCPI p.48
Appendixes Appendix A – Glossary
p.50
Appendix B - Cultural Resource Framework
p.52
Appendix C - Additional Information
p.60
Appendix D - Additional Resources
p.62
This guide has six sections:
Executive Summary This publication is a guide to introducing Cultural Resource Mapping to your community. That a community’s cultural resources enrich the lives of local residents and visitors is well known; that they can be a source of considerable wealth creation is beginning to be recognized. In order to understand their cultural resources, municipalities in Ontario and throughout North America are developing a capacity to produce cultural resource maps as a key information, planning and decision-support tool. Cultural Resource Mapping supports Municipal Cultural Planning to identify and leverage a community’s cultural resources, strengthen the management of those resources, and integrate those cultural resources across all facets of municipal government planning and decision-making. Among its many benefits, Cultural Resource Mapping: • Provides an organized and strategic approach for gathering and presenting cultural resource information • Illustrates the presence of cultural assets in the community and helps municipal staff and decision makers adopt new ways of thinking about how to use cultural resources to achieve the municipality’s broad strategic objectives • Establishes a group of partners in government and civil society committed to planning for cultural vitality
• Supports the local cultural sector by giving residents and visitors access to information about arts and heritage activity • Presents information visually in ways that are easy to understand and have a strong impact • Creates a strong base of information about cultural resources that supports evidencebased decision-making and can be integrated into municipal plans (e.g. land use, tourism, economic development) • Helps make the case for investment in local cultural resources
Getting Started This section describes the importance of developing a rationale for Cultural Resource Mapping that identifies its scope and what it will be used to achieve in your community. It also suggests the creation of a work plan, in which the scope, objectives, and other elements are briefly described for others to understand the project.
Building and Maintaining a Cultural Resource Database A Cultural Resource Database is a centralized inventory of information about arts, culture and heritage resources in your community. It is the engine that powers Cultural Resource Mapping. The guidelines suggest a step-by-step process for building and maintaining it.
Building Successful Partnerships
Identifying Cultural Resources
Cultural Resource Mapping is a collaborative activity and depends on committed partners with common objectives. The guidelines offer advice on identifying these partners within and outside the municipality, and committing to action by establishing a partnership charter.
This section describes the Cultural Resource Framework, a menu that identifies a broad set of assets in the public, private and not-forprofit sectors that can be included in your Cultural Resource Database.
Applications to Municipal Policy & Planning The guide gives 9 examples of how to apply cultural resource data and mapping toward a variety of strategic objectives. Cultural Resource Mapping can be used to lay a solid foundation for Municipal Cultural Planning, and as an ongoing decisionsupport tool for a range of policy objectives. It can identify and describe cultural resources; promote and protect concentrations of cultural resources; strengthen cultural resource management; support economic development, cultural tourism and branding efforts; target investments in the public realm; provide public information and awareness; and serve as the basis for benchmarking to assess whether progress is being made toward strategic objectives.
Making Maps & Other Visual Tools This section demonstrates several ways in which cultural resource data can be illustrated to effectively communicate a message. It gives examples of maps, graphs, charts, printed and online materials that are tailored to a specific purpose.
Benefits of Cultural Resource Mapping
• • • •
Identifies clusters, hubs, opportunities Leads to new ways of thinking and working Crystallizes community identity Makes the invisible visible
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
• • • •
Is a great visual tool Identifies connections to city planning Creates baseline for benchmarking Supports Municipal Cultural Planning
Introduction There is growing understanding that cultural vitality is critical to prosperous and sustainable local economies and communities. Just as municipalities identify and map other valued community resources and integrate them into their plans, Cultural Resource Mapping enables cultural resources to be identified and integrated into municipal planning and decision-making.
The Focus of these Guidelines These guidelines focus on describing the building and maintenance of a Culture Resource Database, and the applications of Cultural Resource Mapping to support Municipal Cultural Planning. Emphasis is placed on tangible assets such as facilities, organizations, people and festivals. Intangible cultural assets such as values, stories, customs and traditions that define a community’s identity are also an important component of Cultural Resource Mapping, but are not a focus in these guidelines. As these Guidelines focus on Cultural Resource Mapping to support Municipal Cultural Planning, they do not address initiatives led by First Nations and community groups. While some of the guidelines may apply to First Nations and community-led projects, they have been developed with the specific needs of municipal government in mind. To properly address Cultural Resource Mapping in support of First Nations Cultural Planning and Community Cultural Planning additional research must be undertaken.
Placing it in Context The practice of Cultural Resource Mapping has developed in the context of Municipal Cultural Planning, which is defined by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture as “Municipal cultural planning (MCP) is a municipal government*-led process approved by Council, for identifying and leveraging a community’s cultural resources, strengthening the management of those resources, and integrating those cultural resources across all facets of municipal government planning and decision making.” Cultural Resource Mapping plays a critical role in Municipal Cultural Planning since it effectively achieves a first step in the cultural planning process: to identify and understand a community’s resources. In other words, Cultural Resource Mapping allows a community to identify “where it’s at” and can play a significant role in assessing “where it wants to be”.
Introduction
What is it? Cultural Resource Mapping is a systematic approach to identifying, recording and classifying a community’s cultural resources in order to describe and visualize them. If someone were to ask “Yes, but what is it? What’s the actual thing?” the answer would have to be: “It’s a database.” Cultural Resource Mapping begins with building and maintaining a centralized database that helps to organize and communicate information. It is about building a geo-database, meaning that whenever possible, the information includes a geographic reference point. This guide refers to such an inventory as a Cultural Resource Database. Cultural Resource Mapping is an ongoing process. Many of its benefits can only be achieved through sustained efforts to update cultural resource data and compare it over time, which requires continued resources and ongoing partnerships. Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Who is it for? Cultural Resource Mapping can be a useful tool for a range of constituencies. For policy-makers, it is a research tool that identifies resources and can illustrate links and trends. Municipal decision-makers and other leaders can use it to inform decisions and better communicate with the public. Similarly, culture and tourism organizations and businesses benefit from a broad set of cultural information that can help to plan and focus their efforts. Providing a publicly accessible version of a Cultural Resource Database can create a “onestop-shop” for citizens and visitors to discover and explore cultural resources in the community.
1. Getting Started
Guidelines
1. Getting started The process described in these guidelines can be scaled to match the objectives you have set out and the capacity in your municipality. The amount of information you collect and manage; the type of software used; the level of analysis conducted; all these elements are adaptable and can still lead to the benefits of Cultural Resource Mapping.
1. Getting Started
Determine Your Objectives
Before beginning to talk about Cultural Resource Mapping in your community, you will want to develop a rationale that identifies the objectives of your project and the scope of efforts that will allow you to achieve them. Will this be a tool to inform the development of a municipal cultural plan? Will it be used to share information about your community’s cultural resources with local citizens and visitors? Is it both? How can the project help to advance existing municipal goals or priorities? In thinking about what you want to achieve, consider the benefits of Cultural Resource Mapping listed in the Executive Summary, as well as the applications described in Section 5. Is this a first attempt at creating a Cultural Resource Database, or an attempt to further develop an existing database? A municipality’s first database begins to identify “what it’s got” in the way of cultural resources. This is known as baseline mapping. The focus at this stage should be on capturing the “breadth” and not necessarily the “depth” of information. Once a baseline database is established and clearer project objectives emerge over time, further efforts can be made to refine and add information that expands your baseline database. The Cultural Resource Framework, described in Section 3, should be consulted to help determine the scope of the information you will seek to include in your database.
Case Study: Ottawa – “Mapping Backwards”
In the absence of a comprehensive mapping approach, the City of Ottawa’s efforts to map cultural resources have often been very objective-driven. First, a specific issue that warrants further research or supporting rationale is identified (e.g.; building new cultural spaces, development of cultural facility strategy, etc.). Then, the necessary data (e.g. demographics, cultural activity levels, real estate options, facility inventory, etc.) are assembled, mapped, and analyzed for that strategic purpose. This approach has been termed “mapping backwards” since it is effectively the reverse of building a baseline database, where many of the specific project objectives are fully established only once a database is developed. Although it does not serve a broad survey function, “mapping backwards” has been a successful, cost effective approach to produce desirable outcomes. The City of Ottawa is currently in the process of completing a cultural mapping project to better understand the city’s unique cultural assets which then can be used to increase cultural vitality, economic development and community-building opportunities. Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
1. Getting Started
Develop A Project Work Plan
Next, develop a project work plan – a one or two page description of the Cultural Resource Mapping project you want to carry out in your municipality that can be easily understood by all stakeholders you want to get onboard. Your project work plan should address project objectives and scope. The following initial questions are also important to consider: •
Who should lead?
•
Where will the database be housed?
•
Who are some likely partners?
•
What data already exists within the community?
•
What will this cost?
•
What funding sources exist that can help make the case for and support Cultural Resource Mapping?
photo by Irene Miller Photographic Art
You may not have answers to all these questions from the onset. As the project takes shape, it will be useful to update your work plan to provide a full picture of the project.
1. Getting Started
Assessing Costs There is no standard cost for undertaking a Cultural Resource Mapping project. The level of effort can vary significantly depending on the scale and focus of the project. Developing an in-depth Geographic Information System (GIS) database and creating a custom mapping application for public use online could cost upwards of $200,000, yet developing a simpler database in an Excel spreadsheet and mapping it using Google Earth could incur initial costs of about $20,000, mostly representing the in-kind contributions of staff and partners. To begin the budgeting process, you will want to assess the level of effort and costs associated with: • • • • • •
Technical resources (GIS software, GIS and IT staff or consultants) Primary data collection that may be required (should be minimal) Checking, inputting and consolidating data Regular meetings with your project partners The cost of community engagement workshops to inform your project and build support Contributors: • An experienced consultant to lead the project • Time allocated for municipal staff • In-kind contributions made by partners
Remember that ongoing efforts are key to many of Cultural Resource Mapping’s benefits. These will have ongoing costs, including: • Updating/maintaining data • Making use of the database: Performing analysis and making maps to illustrate findings • Meeting with project partners to track progress and reassess goals
Case Study: Project Work Plans
Municipal staff in Thunder Bay and Mississauga developed succinct, one or two page descriptions of their municipality’s cultural mapping projects, which they have found to be valuable resources for informing decision-makers, potential partners and the public. These work plans provide an explanation of key objectives, rationale and project scope, as well as desired benefits and outcomes. In Thunder Bay the project description also includes an overview of what specific information will be captured in the database and its mapping system.
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
2. Building Successful Partnerships
Guidelines
2. Building Successful Partnerships Cultural Resource Mapping depends on sharing data and sharing insights about data with your partners. Building successful partnerships involves: considering potential partners; identifying common objectives; building strong working relationships; and establishing commitments and protocols for sharing information.
2. Building Successful Partnerships
Consider Potential Partners
The purpose of the partnership must be clarified early in the process. Every partner organization should have a sense of why they are involved and why they should continue being involved. Potential partners in Cultural Resource Mapping may include: Municipal Partners - Planning Services; Cultural Services; Parks and Recreation Services; Economic Development; Geomatics staff; Heritage Planning; Heritage Committee; Public Library; Facilities and Real Estate Services; Corporate Services; Social Planning; Tourism Services or agency Community/Private Partners - 211Ontario; chamber of commerce; conservation authority; database management company; historical society; independent tourism agency; local arts council; museums and archives; post-secondary institution(s); school boards Additional Partnerships - Your project may also benefit from building partnerships with other mapping initiatives, which could amplify awareness of your project as well as make its data, outcomes and benefits available to other groups that may find them valuable in other applications.
Case Study: Mississauga – By-law for Data Sharing Agreements
The City of Mississauga has formalized its ability to share data with outside partners with a by-law, enacted in May 2010. This by-law allows Data License Agreements to be formed between third parties and the City. The Commissioner of Community Services and the City Clerk are authorized to enter into such agreements with third party partners, which enables the City to make use of the data for Mississauga’s Cultural Mapping Project.
for sharing information. 2. Building Successful Partnerships
Identify Common Objectives
Initial conversations with potential partners should revolve around building a basic understanding of what can be achieved through Cultural Resource Mapping and establishing where your organizations’ strategic objectives align. This will ensure that early momentum and enthusiasm can be built and that those who decide to come onboard understand what they are getting into.
Build Strong Working Relationships
Someone should be selected early on to be a central point person who can act to get people excited and interested in the initiative. This person should also have a keen sense of how to establish and sustain good relations, as well as a good understanding of the project’s purpose, its course of action and at least some of its technical components.
Establish Commitments and Protocols for Sharing Information
Once the initial purpose and roles have been established, they should be documented in a partnership charter. This will give clear direction to the project and hold partners accountable for their contributions. No partner should feel as though their only contribution to the project is to give away their data.
photo by Tourism Toronto
Data Sharing Agreements: These set out the terms for both parties involved in sharing (sending and receiving) information, including: what information, at what interval, for how long, and what it can be used for. They are binding agreements, important to establishing a commitment to action from the various partners involved.
2. Building Successful Partnerships
Developing a Partnership Charter
A partnership charter should look to include the following elements:
Project overview
Project contacts
Purpose of the project, objectives & benefits
Critical success factors
What the project scope includes and doesn’t include
Project phasing & timelines
Budget
Terms of data use/ data privacy/ ownership
Project committees
Deliverables and person(s) most responsible for: • convening and communicating to the group • collecting and consolidating data • updating / maintaining data • analysing data • producing cultural resource mapping outputs (e.g. maps, graphs, reports, online resources and other communications)
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
3. Identifying Cultural Resources
Guidelines
3. Identifying Cultural Resources
The Cultural Resource Framework identifies a broad set of assets in the public, private and not-for-profit sectors that are understood as being cultural resources and can be included in your Cultural Resource Database.
3. Identifying Cultural Resources
Although this framework paints a broad picture of cultural resources, it is not necessarily comprehensive. You may find that other resources are equally important to your community’s culture, in which case we encourage you to incorporate them into your efforts as well. The illustration of the Cultural Resource Framework shows the eight categories that help summarize a community’s tangible and intangible cultural assets. Around the perimeter of the diagram is a list of ‘Additional Resources’, which do not easily fit into any of the eight categories, yet can also be vital assets of a community’s culture.
Cultural Resource Framework | hospitality | agri cul tur e
|
re lig
es tri us cu
ltu
ral
ind
ns
L RESO RA
CULTU cul
cc
u
l ltura y cuzations t i n mu a n i com o r g
cultural facilities & spaces nat ura l he cu rita ltu ge ra lh er ita ge
tur
(i
ulture
t s &s ven ival al e fest
c intangible Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
r
ltu
cu
CES UR
o al
tio pa
formation & communi c | in a t i on ons tec ati h n niz olo ga gy or
ADDITIONAL RE SOU RC ES :
i
s ou
sc ho ol s
ties acili
) ct
|
yf nit u mm co
3. Identifying Cultural Resources
Let’s now take a closer look at each category in the Cultural Resource Framework: Cultural Industries: businesses and non-profit groups involved in the creation, production, manufacturing and distribution of cultural goods or services. It includes everything from theatre costume making to creative software design. The classifications in this category come from the Statistics Canada’s Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics, and reflect the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. Note that industry data does not distinguish between occupations. For example, industry data could tell you how many people are employed by a museum, and this would include everyone from the curator to the parking attendant. Cultural Occupations: the labour force aspect of cultural industries. It describes employment in the various jobs that people perform as cultural workers. The occupation categories also come from the Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics, and are organized according to North American Occupational Classification System (NOCS) codes. For example, occupation data could tell you how many graphic designers are employed in your community, whether they are employed by a museum or a hospital. Community Cultural Organizations: organizations that represent arts, heritage and ethno-cultural interests in the community. These are usually non-profits and can include arts and heritage advisory committees, ethno-cultural associations, local arts councils, dance schools and library boards. Cultural Facilities & Spaces: buildings and sites that host cultural activity. These can include spaces in the public, private and non-profit sectors, and include everything from purpose-built facilities, to facilities that include cultural programming. Natural Heritage: natural Heritage: natural wonders and areas of environmental significance – wetlands, woodlands, grasslands and geological land formations. These natural features can be found in municipal and provincial parks, the Niagara Escarpment, conservation area, Land Trusts and botanical gardens. Cultural Heritage: Our cultural heritage is not just about the past – it is about the places, spaces and stories that we value today that we want to build on for the future. This can include the conservation, management, adaptive re-use, and exhibition of objects, buildings, cultural landscapes and sites of cultural heritage and educational value. Cultural heritage resources are everything from heritage buildings and structures, historic districts, museums, archaeological sites, cemeteries to public art, libraries and archive collections. Cultural Events & Festivals: festivals and events in your community. These can include performing arts events, tours of culturally significant places, seasonal celebrations, and many others. Intangible Culture: These are assets that are not necessarily manifest in physical form. They include stories and legends, shared beliefs, customs and rituals, as well as digital cultural expression.
3. Identifying Cultural Resources
Additional Resources
Depending on where and how cultural activity takes place in your community, you may find it useful to include some or all of these categories in your Cultural Resource Mapping efforts: • Education: elementary and secondary schools; colleges; universities; professional schools; business, computer and management schools; technical and trade schools; educational support services • Community facilities: Community centers, fitness and recreational sports centres • Hospitality: Accommodation and food services, drinking places, restaurants • Agriculture: food and wine production, fruit and vegetable markets • Culinary resources: specialty food shops, culinary schools, cheese dairies, breweries, distilleries, food-based events • Churches and other places of worship • Information and Communications Technologies (ICT): Telecommunications carriers, satellite telecommunications, data processing, hosting and related services, internet services, other information services, computer systems design
For a full listing of the Cultural Resource Framework see Appendix B.
Engage Your Community’s Knowledge
Although not a focus of these guidelines, community engagement is a tremendously useful way to build knowledge, momentum and a shared understanding for your Cultural Resource Mapping initiatives. Interactive workshops with the public can shed light on what cultural resources and activities are important to your community; and can help establish what strengths, issues and opportunities should be explored using mapping.
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
Guidelines
4. Building & Maintaining a Database Once you have defined your project’s objectives, set out its scope and identified partners, you will be ready to begin building and maintaining your Cultural Resource Database. Databases allow us to collect, organize, store and retrieve information in a consistent and useful manner. They are the backbone for library systems, phone books and the Internet, as well as Cultural Resource Mapping.
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
Develop a Database Management Plan
Start by establishing a database management plan, which you will populate based on your mapping objectives. The plan can essentially consist of a spreadsheet that addresses the following elements for each dataset: Source, Responsibility for Updating, Updating Method, Update Frequency and Cost of Update.
Source What is the data in question?
What organization / department provided the data? From what survey or what listing?
Update method
Update frequency
Will new dataset(s) be sent to the lead partner, or will another partner upload it directly into the database?
When will updates happen? It’s best to include dates.
Dataset
{
Responsibility for updating Who/what organization will be responsible for making updates?
Cost of update (Staff time or fee) How much will it cost to acquire the data, to clean it/ make any format changes, and enter it?
The source of each dataset should be noted somewhere. This is especially useful when institutional memory is lost. The date on which the data was initially entered into the database and the last time it was updated should both be noted.
Consult with a Geomatics Expert
}
Next, it will be critical to begin engaging someone with expertise in geomatics (i.e. someone with knowledge of geo-databases and mapping, sometimes referred to as GIS staff). Many municipalities now have GIS staff, sometimes in their own department, or working in other departments for example planning, public works, engineering, real estate and corporate services. How can the geomatics staff contribute to building and maintaining the Cultural Resource Database? Since the time and technical resources needed to consolidate and maintain data in a geospatial database are often quite extensive, it’s important to start assessing them early on. Although a staff person, student or consultant with some basic knowledge of GIS should be able to do a fair bit of the work, it is critical that someone with strong GIS expertise be involved, if not to lead data consolidation and management, then at least to provide guidance at every step of the way. If your municipality does not have GIS staff, consider looking to potential partner organizations or consider whether you are ready to take the lead role in a Cultural Resource Mapping exercise. Perhaps another partner with geospatial expertise and a vested interest in the cultural vitality of the community may be better suited to take the lead, or may need to be a central partner. Or perhaps, it means there is a need to make the case for hiring GIS staff in your municipality. It is also possible to contract geomatics services from a private company, although this may mean that the company must be contacted every time a significant change or output needs to be produced. Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
In initial conversations with GIS staff, the following topics are important to explore: Software platforms
There is a range of software platforms that could meet your project’s needs. Professional GIS software is often tailored for in-depth data analysis and the creation of compelling visuals. Open-source platforms, on the other hand, make it easier to create and share maps without in-depth knowledge of GIS.
Data formats
It will be useful to use a template: a spreadsheet that shows how information is typically organized for other projects, to ensure that data can be integrated into the municipality’s overall framework for data management.
Identify Data
photo by Tourism Toronto
If there is a single takeaway message about building a Cultural Resource Database it’s that efforts should first be geared towards finding existing sources of information and consolidating them into a larger database that is tailored to your community’s needs. In many communities, several organizations have already been managing large parts of the information that will form your Cultural Resource Database: you just might not know who has it. If major gaps appear, then you may want to consider collecting primary data.
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
Data Ethics
Be mindful that collecting and sharing data has many ethical implications. Remember that some information may be sensitive and could put people at risk. Also remember to respect any privacy agreements you have agreed to as a condition of receiving data.
Internal Data
When searching for data sources, a first logical step is to look within the municipal government. If a consistent data management protocol exists, it means the cultural data you are seeking may already be in good shape and need very little tweaking. Below is a brief look at the types of cultural data which can often be found within certain municipal departments. Department
Type of Data
Culture / Cultural Services
List of arts, heritage and cultural organizations (often through funding, festival records or general contact list)
Economic Development
Employment / occupations data, industry data
Geomatics
Spatial information on a variety of the City’s assets
Heritage Planning
Identified heritage resources
Library and Archives
A range of cultural information, current and historical
Parks & Recreation
Information on cultural programming offered by municipality and by community groups
Planning & Development
A variety of data (often consolidated from other departments) on the City’s geography, economy, demographics, neighbourhoods, land uses and built form
Social Planning / Social Services
A variety of data, with a focus on demographics
Real Estate / Corporate Services
Information about City-owned properties and properties leased by the City
When contacting other municipal departments, ensure that the following questions are being discussed for every data source of interest: • • • • •
What is the data typically used for? Does your organization collect this information directly, or does it get it from another source? Where does it reside? How often is this data updated and who is responsible for updating it? Is any of the data sensitive? I.e. is it restricted from use by certain staff, other organizations or the public? What format is it managed in?
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
External Data
The second step is to look outside the municipal government for data. It is more likely that the data held by these organizations will have to be reorganized to fit your Cultural Resource Database. Below is a brief look at the types of cultural data which might be held by potential local external partners: Organization
Type of Data
Details / Contact
211Ontario.ca
Online searchable database of community, social, health and government services, often includes arts, heritage and cultural organizations.
Search the 211Ontario.ca website to find out if a regional organization serves your community.
Local Arts Council
Database of local artists and arts organizations. Some arts councils may have much more.
Local Historical Society
Collection of historical texts, pictures, art and other artifacts.
Post-secondary institutions
May have a range of data, depending on specializations.
These can be used to supplement information about other cultural resources in your database (e.g. historical photographs of a heritage property).
See Appendix C for provincial and national organizations that may also have relevant data available
New Data
New data collection should be considered if efforts to find existing data sources turn up important gaps to fulfilling your project goals. Rural municipalities in particular may find that no one has tracked information about key cultural resources such as historically significant properties. Collecting new data is a time-intensive endeavour and you may want to consider recruiting dedicated volunteers to minimize costs. Since an important application of cultural resource data is the measurement of changes over time, the case should be made for collecting any new data on an ongoing basis.
Selecting Data Fields
A data field is commonly referred to as a column in a database, reserved for a certain kind of information. Below is a wide array of data fields you can consider including your database. We’ll first look at fields that act as ‘tombstone data’, and then other data fields that should be selected depending on the objectives you have set out for your Cultural Resource Mapping project.
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
Tombstone Data Fields
Tombstone data is composed of basic information about each asset and includes the information, which is least likely to change over time. These data fields become the main identifiers used to search for entries in the database. In most cases, tombstone data includes: • Name: the name of the organization, person, event, building and/or place, depending on the type of entry • Category: the general category in the database the entry has been placed under (e.g. heritage property, festival, arts organization) • Sub-category: the subset of the category the entry has been placed under (e.g. privatelyowned heritage property, agricultural festival, umbrella arts organization). • Contact information: telephone, e-mail, website, mailing address – all available fields should be included wherever possible. • Location: Municipal address, postal code, X, Y geospatial coordinates – all available fields should be included, especially since they can each serve different purposes. Location data is the key to geo-coding and mapping the database entries and so needs some further explanation. • The most accurate type of location data are X, Y coordinates. These coordinates identify the exact latitude and longitude of a place on earth. If available for any of the cultural data you are seeking, they should be incorporated into the database and used as the primary way to link your entries to a mapping system. • Municipal addresses are the second most accurate type of location data. Since addresses are more recognizable to most people, they are equally important to include in the database. They can also be used to link the cultural resource database with other municipal databases. Difficulties can arise when several assets (e.g. many units or buildings) are identified by the same municipal address, which is why having both addresses and X, Y coordinates is most useful. GIS systems can be used to convert municipal addresses into X, Y coordinates, although this should be done with caution because the points identified may not reflect the exact location of the resource in question. • Besides allowing mail to reach its destination, postal codes are also useful for analyzing cultural data at the aggregate level and so should be included in your database if available. However, it is typically the least accurate way of linking database entries to a specific location.
Basic Example: Tombstone Data Fields Name
Local Arts Centre
Description
Performing arts venue, featuring music, dance and theatre. Caters to youth, adults and seniors…
Contact
905-123-1234
Street Address
123 Queen Street
X Coordinate
43.6512559
Y Coordinate
-79.3843677
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
localartscentre.ca
}
info@localartscentre.ca
Spatial Components
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
Objective-Driven Data Fields
These are data fields you should select based on the objectives of your project and the applications for which you want to use your Cultural Resource Database. General • Description: this descriptive text should expand on the category and sub-categories fields, providing a basic explanation of what the resource is, its purpose and background. • Classification: a NAICS code can be identified for most of the categories in the Cultural Resource Framework. This will be especially useful for performing economic analysis. • Ownership: is the resource owned by the municipality, another order of government, a private interest or a non-profit organization? People How many people are involved in governing, operating and using this resource? This can include: • Governance • Employees • Members • Participants body • Volunteers • Clients • Audience Space • Dimensions: total square footage, and size of different usable areas • Related assets / equipment: what other assets exist within a resource (e.g. a 100-seat theatre or an archive within a larger municipal facility) and what pertinent equipment is useful to keep track of (e.g. grand piano, professional sound and light system). • Organizations that use the space: this field can be linked directly to another part of the database where organizations are listed. Time • Circa: How long has this resource been around? • Activity: Are there times of the day, week, month or year when this resource is active or inactive? Support & Contributions • Capital Flow: How much money is invested in this resource: in operating, capital and project funding? How much money does it generate? • How much time do volunteers donate to support the resource? Public Information and Tourism • Description: A succinct and inviting descriptive paragraph on the resource can be quite useful for tourism and public information purposes. • Hours of operation • Image(s): A picture really is worth a thousand words, and can quickly give members of the public a much better idea of what the resource is. • Other media: Links to videos and interactive websites can be saved in the database as well.
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
Maintaining the Database
Too often, extensive efforts to collect and analyze data are made in a ‘one-off ’ manner, with no plans to update the data, meaning that as time passes the data becomes irrelevant and so does its analysis. Whether you are tracking changes to resources over time, or trying to provide accurate information to the public, maintaining your database by making regular planned efforts to update its data is essential to its relevance and consistency. The following models are laid out for the sake of illustration and are not mutually exclusive, meaning they can be mixed and matched. For example, a centralized model could be used with some partners and a shared model with others.
Centralized model
In this model, the lead partner has exclusive access to editing the database. The project partners are responsible for providing their respective datasets on an agreed-upon interval, and the lead partner is responsible for checking/cleaning the data and entering it into the database. Since this requires a significant effort from the lead partner, it is suggested that this process be carried out on an annual basis, for all data sources updated that year.
ArtsBuild Ontario Facilities Portal
ArtsBuild Ontario, a not-for-profit organization dedicated to finding solutions to the cultural infrastructure challenge facing Ontario’s arts organizations, is developing the ArtsBuild Facilities Portal to allow organizations, municipalities and funders to share information on arts facilities throughout the province. When completed, this online knowledge sharing tool will help organizations better manage their facilities and plan for improvements, and help funders better understand the needs around facilities. The portal will house information about arts organizations across Ontario, their facilities usage and requirements, facilities deficits, and capital projects that address these deficits. Through the Portal, it will be possible to understand the distribution of facilities across the province, including number and type, their ownership structure and their age, condition and heritage status. Developing more robust information about their capital assets and having access to similar information about facilities elsewhere in Ontario will allow organizations to improve planning and decision making, and will ultimately strengthen their capacity as partners in Municipal Cultural Planning. ArtsBuild expects the Portal to be operational in the fall of 2011. Further information is available at artsbuildontario.ca
4. Building & Maintaining a Database
Shared model
In this model, partners have access to a shared software platform that gives them direct access to the database. Partners are responsible for updating their datasets. The lead partner takes on the role of monitoring and problem shooting as other partners are carrying out updates. A staging process would be in place so that the lead partner can review new datasets before they are formally incorporated (i.e. before they ‘go live’). Agreements can be made for the data to be updated as soon as a partner creates/receives a new dataset. Two main advantages are that this model can save a great deal of effort for the lead partner and also provide more ready access to data for other partners. Some thought must be given to the level of access given to each partner, based on privacy and sensitivity issues.
Open-source model
An open-source model would allow anyone to access and contribute to parts of the database online. This would allow community members to review and suggest additions, deletions and edits to database entries, based on their local knowledge. For example, people could contribute pictures of local assets, or identify how certain resources may have changed since data was last entered. As with the shared-model, a staging process could be in place so that the lead partner can view suggested changes before they are incorporated. It is also important to consider what parts of the database are suited to this use. For example, it makes more sense to invite updates to community-based resources than government-owned resources.
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
5. Applications to Municipal Policy and Planning
Guidelines
5. Applications
to Municipal Policy and Planning
So far, these guidelines have focused on how to build the capacity and resources for Cultural Resource Mapping – how to engage partners, establish project scope, build and maintain a robust database. Now we turn our attention to making use of these assets to achieve strategic goals. There are numerous ways in which cultural resource data and maps could be used. This chapter should be read as an introduction to some possibilities, with advice along the way. Below are nine applications of Cultural Resource Mapping.
5. Applications to Municipal Policy and Planning
Support: 1. Municipal Cultural Planning
Cultural Resource Mapping is a foundational step in Municipal Cultural Planning in that it identifies and leverages a community’s cultural resources, strengthens the management of those resources, and integrates those cultural resources across all facets of municipal government planning and decision-making. Beyond the context of a formal Municipal Cultural Planning exercise, Cultural Resource Mapping can be applied in a variety of scenarios to support planning and decision-making. This entails identifying opportunities in which cultural resource data can be used to inform other strategic initiatives. Examples include the development of long term municipal plans (e.g. Official Plan, Parks & Recreation Master Plan, Economic Development Strategy, Tourism Strategy etc.), annual capital and operating budget planning, alignment with Provincial Policy Statements and major plans (e.g. Open Ontario Plan, Places to Grow, Growth Plan for Northern Ontario, Greenbelt Plan) or site-specific issues such as a school closing, or contentious condo development. Highlighting links between cultural and other resources is an important strategy for integrating cultural resources across all facets of local government planning and decision-making. This involves demonstrating the impact that cultural resources have on other factors, as well the impact of other factors on cultural resources. For example, mapping can demonstrate how a theatre festival contributes to higher seasonal restaurant and parking revenues, or how patterns of usage for cultural facilities are related to the availability of transit service.
Case Study: Linking Culture to Water Data in Peterborough Staff in the City’s Arts, Culture & Heritage Division was able to draw unexpected links between resources in the City’s historic core. An opportunity was seen to facilitate the transformation of vacant and underused second floor spaces into live/work spaces for artists. However, the building code would require that many of these units be upgraded with commercial-grade sprinkler systems. The solution envisioned by staff was to use data from the City’s arm’s length utility company and to map opportunity sites where sprinkler upgrades could be made easily, with the hope of enticing artists to move into these units. Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
5. Applications to Municipal Policy and Planning
2. Economic Development
For many stakeholders, the case for using cultural planning to strengthen a community’s economic vitality is often the most compelling. In this context, Cultural Resource Mapping becomes an important tool for identifying economic development opportunities and barriers, and for showcasing a place’s distinctiveness. Once cultural resources are mapped, overlaps with Business Improvement Areas (BIAs) and employment districts can be seen, and opportunities to collaborate with local business groups can be identified. Understanding where certain types of cultural businesses are clustered can also help plan for the location and service focus of initiatives like incubators, convergence centres and affordable housing for artists. Cultural Resource Mapping can also help to identify and remove policy barriers that are standing in the way of cultural and economic development. If the cultural resources and opportunities that exemplify the area’s vitality can be viewed with City Planning maps, the issues and their solutions can be illuminated.
Convergence Centres are facilities that: • Have a mandate for cluster or sector development • Provide programming for tenants focusing on business development, collaboration and networking • Provide external stakeholder and public access to programming and space • Provide security of tenure for a cluster/sector development organization
Incubators are facilities that:
• Have a mandate for entrepreneurship development and job creation • Provide start-up companies with a combination of a business address, space and shared support services • Offers regular start-up business and professional development training
Source: Stimulating Economic Growth: Toronto’s Imagination, Manufacturing, Innovation and Technology (IMIT) Financial Incentives Program, City of Toronto (2008)
5. Applications to Municipal Policy and Planning
3. Cultural Tourism and Branding
Many communities have produced tourism maps and developed cultural tourism products and strategies. With Cultural Resource Mapping, the question becomes how can the existing cultural tourism products and strategies be improved upon, redesigned or rethought, or newly developed using the wealth of information in your database. In efforts to develop a brand for your municipality’s cultural experience, significant inspiration can also be drawn from the deeper understanding you will have gained from discussing, mapping and analysing information about cultural resources. Similarly, tourism and branding efforts can be taken a step further to strategically attract new residents and businesses to your community. More and more, knowledge-based industries look to locate where a talented, creative workforce exists. And it is well known that a community’s ability to attract creative workers is dependent on the quality of life and cultural experience it has to offer. Knowledge gained from Cultural Resource Mapping could be used to compellingly communicate that experience provincially, nationally or internationally.
Strengthen: 4. Cultural Clusters or Hubs
Significant clusters or hubs of cultural activity in which many cultural spaces, businesses, and events are located and interlinked within close distance, have often been recognized as important assets to be promoted and protected. Cultural Resource Mapping may help you discover these concentrations, or it may simply allow you to illustrate what they look like to others. Clusters can be identified by looking at a map and observing areas where dots (representing resources) are concentrated. Once the case has been made for the existence and the value of a cluster of cultural activity, it can be applied in many ways: it can lead to protection policies, to ensure that valued cultural resources are not threatened by changes to the area over time; or it can help support cultural tourism efforts, by designating the area as a cultural ‘hot-spot’. It is also worth looking at certain resources from a temporal perspective. Several festivals and events, for example, can have a tendency to occur at a certain time of the week, or year, to an extent that they may create ‘time clusters’ that are worth identifying. An online community calendar that sorts information about past events (an events database) can be very helpful with this sort of analysis.
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
5. Applications to Municipal Policy and Planning
5. Cultural Resource Management
Having relevant, up-to-date information about the cultural resources your municipality owns and operates is crucial to good cultural resource management. Cultural Resource Mapping can allow you to have all this information in the same place, which can greatly strengthen assessments, planning and decision-making.1 For example, information on municipally operated facilities could be used to assess levels of service delivery and compare them to neighbourhood profile information such as population, age distribution, education levels, and help determine the need for new facilities based on demographic changes. In some cases, geographic analysis may be especially useful. For example, it can help to assess a goal of broadly distributing community centres and libraries throughout the municipality; or it could help develop and promote centers of excellence such as tourism attractions, convergence centers, incubators, or employment districts.
6. Culture in the Public Realm and Public Lands Cultural resources thrive where investments have been made in the quality of place. Plans for the design and construction of sidewalks, street furniture, patios, parks and public squares are also plans for the future of your community’s cultural vitality.
Cultural Resource Mapping can inform the redevelopment of public land by providing information about local stories, history and assets to create a site that is unique and adds to the quality of place. When significant concentrations of cultural activity can be illustrated through mapping, the case for a beautified public realm can be strengthened.
Showcase 7. Quantify Local Cultural Resources
At a most basic level, having a broad range of cultural resources organized in a centralized database allows these resources and their characteristics to be identified, analysed and described. You may wish to identify and communicate: • The total number of resources in the database • The number of resources, broken-down by category or subcategory (e.g. 40 spaces and facilities, 25 events, 27 community organizations, 15 creative cultural industries, 315 cultural workers, 70 cultural heritage resources, and 10 natural heritage resources). • Revenue generated by cultural resources, or by a certain type of cultural resource (e.g. municipal facilities) • Number of people participating in cultural activity, or a subset of participants (e.g. employees, volunteers, audiences). As with most analyses, these figures become much more relevant once placed in context. For example, how does it compare to 5 years ago, or to another type of resource in the municipality, or to communities of a similar size? Also be mindful that your Cultural Resource Database is not likely to capture all activity in your community. Unless a dataset is known to be comprehensive or provide a representative sample, these numbers should not be stated as reality, but as an indication of the cultural activity in your community. 1
Municipalities often have asset management systems to track state-of-good-repair and manage the maintenance of capital assets. In most cases, this type of tracking and management is best left to a specialized database and is beyond the scope of Cultural Resource Mapping.
5. Applications to Municipal Policy and Planning
Case Study: Niagara Region – Mapping the reach of Carousel Players
Niagara regional staff mapped 67 locations where Carousel Players, a professional children’s theatre company, performed and provided workshops in the course of a year. This demonstrated how the group’s reach is truly regional, increasing awareness of how a “St. Catharines” company is rarely confined to municipal boundaries. This graphic will serve the Region of Niagara as it considers plans for a cultural investment strategy.
Case Study: Toronto and the West Queen West Triangle
With a high concentration of artists and cultural workers, a mix of work studios, performance and exhibition spaces, the West Queen West Triangle is a vital cultural cluster in Canada. When three large residential development projects were proposed in the span of a year, many feared that the area’s affordability, some of its key cultural assets, and its character were at risk. Staff at the City of Toronto responded by pulling together a cross-departmental team, and working with Toronto Artscape and the community to identify and map the breadth of cultural facilities and businesses in the area. By combining City Planning base-maps, the City’s Employment Survey Data, Cultural Facilities Database and community knowledge, and the map helped bring stakeholders onside and make the case for retaining the area’s strengths. As part of the City’s settlement process, an innovative “no-net-loss” policy was introduced by the City’s Planning Department and Economic Development and Culture Division to retain cultural employment uses and protects affordable space for artists and cultural industries in the area, while residential development proceeds.
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
5. Applications to Municipal Policy and Planning
8. Qualify Local Cultural Resources
People often describe the lack of a ‘one-stop-shop’ for information about cultural activity. Especially if media coverage of cultural issues and events is lacking, it can be quite difficult to find out ‘what’s going on’. An effort to make cultural resource information broadly available allows for an educational experience, in which visitors, local residents and organizations can discover the range of resources in the community. It can also function as an effective search tool for people to find specific information about cultural resources they know. The database can also serve an archival function, where information about cultural resources is captured for future generations.
Case Study: Prince Edward County – BuildANewLife.ca
BuildANewLife.ca is an online portal geared to attracting new residents and businesses that align with Prince Edward County’s strategy to develop a Creative Rural Economy. The attractive, creatively designed website includes short features on local entrepreneurs in the County’s four strategic sectors (creative industries, tourism, agribusiness, commerce and industry); listings of business opportunities and financial supports; as well as links to various websites that help to describe the County’s lifestyle and community. Although not driven by mapping efforts, this a great example of how the County was able to communicate its firm grasp of its cultural and economic strengths.
Mississauga – A Cultural Report Card
A recommendation emerging from the Mississauga Culture Master Plan is the creation of an annual Cultural Report Card, designed to assess Mississauga’s cultural vitality and chart progress according to key areas of activity. The report card will feature a dozen indicators and will use the City’s cultural resource database as its primary source of information for benchmarking.
5. Applications to Municipal Policy and Planning
9. Change in Local Cultural Resources
Benchmarking is about making comparisons according to specific indicators. In the context of Cultural Resource Mapping, benchmarking over time is about using indicators to identify changes in cultural resources and to assess whether progress is being made in achieving strategic goals. This type of analysis could be applied to a host of resources in your database. The task at hand is to select a manageable set of indicators that can help to answer some strategic questions over time. In selecting indicators and data sources for benchmarking, you will want to look for the following characteristics: • Can the data be obtained easily and at an affordable cost? • Can it be related to other indicators used in your municipality? • Can it be compared throughout the municipality (geographically)? • Does it come from a reliable source? • Does the indicator measure progress towards a goal? • Does it resonate with the audience, both public and expert? • Can it be communicated as a number, percentage or proportion? • Does the indicator measure what it is intended to measure and not a by-product? • Is it well grounded in theory and fact? • Can it be defended and justified in logical or scientific terms?
Open Data
The Open Data movement is gaining momentum around the world, supporting the notion that certain data should be freely available to everyone. Cultural resource data represents a wide gamut of information and in some cases is restricted from public use for good reason. However, much of the same data used to inform strategic decisions with Cultural Resource Mapping could easily be shared with members of the public.
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
6. Making Maps & Other Visual Tools
Guidelines
6. Making Maps & Other Visual Tools Maps are what give Cultural Resource Mapping its name: they are the geographic representation of information in your database. An effective map or other graphic will be able to visually communicate findings from your database in a compelling way. As such, it can make the invisible visible. The following section introduces a number of mapping and visual concepts; gives some guidance as to the types of outputs that can be produced from a Cultural Resource Database; and discusses a few key points regarding interpretation.
6. Making Maps & Other Visual Tools
Layers: the Building Blocks for Maps
Layers are a foundational element of GIS mapping, as they represent the different sets of data being displayed on a map. In the illustration below, three context layers (also known as base layers) have been placed on top of each other to provide useful points of reference: district boundaries, streets and zoning. On the surface, six layers of cultural resource data have been added, each represented by a different coloured dot.
MAPPING LAYERS Context Layers
Context Layers + Cultural Resource Data
District Boundaries
Streets
Cultural Spaces Design Arts Electronic Arts Literary Arts Performing Arts Visual Arts
Zoning
Source: Mississauga Culture Master Plan - mississauga.ca/portal/discover/artsmasterplan
Tailoring the map to its purpose
As with data collection and analysis, the essential question when setting out to make a map is: ‘What is its purpose?’ Below are examples of several mapping styles that correspond to the type of information being communicated.
Point Data Maps
A survey of the breadth of resources City wide, with colour coded resources and minimal context layers to emphasize point data. NIAGARA CULTURAL ASSETS
All Cultural Assets - 785
785 LEGEND
sites cultural facilities cultural organizations cultural business or industries festivals & events
Source: Cultural Asset Maps of Niagara: a presentation developed by the Niagara Regional Culture Committee and Regional Staff
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
6. Making Maps & Other Visual Tools
Point data can also illustrate the connections between resources… John Street - Arts, Entertainment, New Media John Street, as a central urban street, can be understood as a cultural new media link to the central waterfront, linking the city’s cultural activities with the water’s edge. A revitalized John Street could become Canada’s premier street of arts, entertainment and culture. Promoted as part of a global tourism strategy, John Street would become a must-see destination and the place to celebrate the convergence of art, design and the new media that is rapidly transforming Canada’s cultural landscape. Between the Art Gallery of Ontario on the north and Harbourfront Centre on the waterfront, lie an impressive range of significant cultural assets. Grange Park, the Ontario College of Art and Design, the CHUM/City Building, Festival Hall, the National Film Board, the Princess of Wales Theatre, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the CN Tower, SkyDome, and the historic Roundhouse and its adjacent park all lie on a north/south axis proximate to John Street. OPPORTUNITIES: A private/public partnership to build a concensus on the revitalization of John Street along the lines of the themes outlined in this report should be established. The objectives of the partnership would be to capture the interest and energy of the cultural new media, entertainment and business constituents of John Street, and to develop a vision and set of public and private projects that elevate John Street to Canada’s premier street of arts, entertainment and culture.
Source: Canada’s Urban Waterfront – Waterfront Culture and Heritage Infrastructure Plan. City of Toronto. toronto.ca/culture/brochures/brochure_canadasurbanwaterfront.pdf
6. Making Maps & Other Visual Tools
Profiling a Specific Type of Resource
A profile of cultural sites and facilities in a downtown, with strong context layers, key resources highlighted and space provided for descriptive text‌
Source: Building a Creative Future – A Plan for Culture. City of Barrie. barrie.ca/WCMAdmin/Images/wwwbarrieca/PDF_Files/Cultural%20Plan%20Final%20April%202006.pdf
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
6. Making Maps & Other Visual Tools
Communicating the Clustering / Density of Resources
Aggregating data to show where resources are concentrated: a) ‘Heat mapping’ to display concentrations (Manhattan)…
Source: The Geography of Buzz. Elizabeth Currid and Sarah Williams. University of Southern California in Los Angeles.
b) Aggregating data within districts to display concentrations (Ottawa)… Map 9: Ten Ottawa neighbourhoods with the highest concentration of artists, 2006
Source: Mapping Artists and Cultural Workers in Canada’s Large Cities. Kelly Hill, Hill Strategies. hillstrategies.com/resources_details.php?resUID=1000340
6. Making Maps & Other Visual Tools
Data Dramatization
In cases where a dataset can benefit from being “illuminated” to make a powerful point…
Source: Market Values in Manhattan. Nadia Amaroso.
Source: Toronto’s ‘Crimescape’. Nadia Amoroso.
Making Links to Other Resources
Illustrating the proximity of cultural resources to other types of assets in the community to demonstrate potential linkages…
Source: Canadian Urban Institute
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
6. Making Maps & Other Visual Tools
It Doesn’t have to be a Map
Some resources and some research findings cannot be mapped, or are not best represented on a map. Example: Graphs and charts are sometimes more apt to convey the significance of a set of cultural resource data.
The fastest growing categories of industries between 2003 and 2008 were (by far) Design and Independent Arts, Writers and Performers. This, and more current information gathered in building on the cultural mapping system, provides a guide for further statistical research necessary to inform economic development strategies in the Region such as those set out in the Economic Growth Strategy including cultural industry and cultural cluster development; training and education; employment sector and woekforce placement/development strategies, etc. Source: Niagara Culture Plan – Cultural Mapping Summary Report. niagararegion.ca/government/initiatives/culture-plan/pdf/App1-CulturePlan.pdf
A Web Portal
Many communities in Ontario are moving towards a web-portal application as a way of communicating to the public about cultural resources. This makes sense for a number of reasons: Much like Google Maps, a web-based application can allow cultural resources to be identified via search engine, to be viewed at different geographic scales and in layers (e.g. only facilities, or only events, or combinations of layers). This provides users with a much more fulsome and exploratory experience than, say, a paper map, brochure or phone line. A web-based application can also be used as a medium for citizens to have online conversations about cultural resources, and to provide feedback to the municipality about changes that should be made to the database. Changes to the database can be instantaneously updated on the web portal.
6. Making Maps & Other Visual Tools
Printed Materials
Certain applications provide good reason for producing printed materials for public use. These include: • A periodic publication of cultural resource highlights • Public workshop materials to provide useful information and incite discussion • Tourism brochures
Map Interpretation
Interpreting maps is a critical part of what gives them their meaning. A slight twist on an old proverb is that “a picture is worth a thousand words, but you don’t get to pick the words.” The following elements can help you ensure you get the picture and the words right: Descriptors Descriptive text blurbs can be critical to explaining what’s being depicted on a map. Legends, in particular, are an essential component of interpretation, and should always include an icon and text to denote each visible layer on the map. Geographic scale The scale (or ‘zoom’) chosen should enable the map-reader to immediately focus on what you are trying to depict with the map. Context layers Select only context layers (or base layers) that will provide a useful reference point. Too many context layers will clutter the map and take the focus away from the findings being illustrated. Cultural data layers Similarly, there is no point in illustrating all the cultural resource data at once if the reader is left to wonder what they are looking at. Select layers carefully to depict concentrations, links or other findings that a map-reader can see and understand. Make several maps if necessary! Data breaks These are the break points you must choose to divide cultural data into categories (e.g. 0-49 people; 50 -99 people; 100-150 people). If data has been aggregated to show zones and concentrations of resources, be careful to pick data breaks that are consistent, mutually exclusive and show the most accurate picture of the data.
Case Study: Peterborough Online Calendar of Events
With funding from the Ministry of Tourism & Culture, the Peterborough Library created an open-source community calendar, which allows arts, culture and heritage organizations to post information about upcoming events. Over seventy local organizations have signed up as contributors, making the website a very useful resource, not only to encourage participation at events but to also as an archive of cultural activity that can be easily accessed and managed. http://peterborough.communitycalendars.org/ Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Conclusion
Conclusion
Cultural Resource Mapping is still an emerging practice and is sure to evolve in years to come. This guide has begun to distill best practices and put forth a sound process for carrying out Cultural Resource Mapping, as it is understood today.
Conclusion
Conclusion
From this guide’s six sections, there are a number of key messages about Cultural Resource Mapping that should be top of mind: • Cultural Resource Mapping is a significant undertaking that needs to be planned. • It’s a collaborative effort that depends on many people and resources coming together. • Building a Cultural Resource Database is first and foremost about finding and consolidating existing sources of data, and then looking to fill gaps with new data. • There is a wealth of information that can be incorporated into a Cultural Resource Database and deciding what to include will be driven by the objectives set out for your project. • It’s an ongoing effort that requires information to be managed and tracked over time. • Once your database is up and running, it can be applied to support Municipal Cultural Planning, to inform planning and policy across the municipality, and to share information with the public and decision-makers. • When thoughtfully assembled, maps and other visual tools can be used to convey findings from your database in a compelling way.
Message from MCPI
We hope that this document has deepened your knowledge of Cultural Resource Mapping and provided you with practical advice you can apply in your own municipality. We look forward to learning from you and supporting you in this exciting and emerging practice. No matter your question or concern, MCPI is committed to assisting you. MCPI will draw on the expertise of its vast network to connect you with the resources you need. Find us online at ontariomcp.ca
Good luck and we can’t wait to see what you do next! Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
About MCPI Municipal Cultural Planning Incorporated (MCPI) is a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting municipalities in developing a stronger economic base by integrating cultural planning into municipal decision-making. MCPI supports municipalities in this endeavour as a means of building healthy, prosperous, culturally diverse and sustainable communities. With the expertise of the cultural planning community, MCPI does this by increasing awareness and readiness, strengthening knowledge and practices and advocating for an improved policy environment.
MCPI Board 2009/2010
Gord Hume, Councillor, City of London, Chair of MCPI Board Sam Coghlan, Chief Executive Officer, Stratford Public Library Warren Garrett, Executive Director, CCI-Ontario Presenting Network Claire Loughheed, Senior Manager, Cultural Services, Town of Oakville Bill Poole, Interim Executive Director, The Canadian Clay and Glass Gallery Stephen Stein, member at large Robert Williams, Professor Emeritus, Political Science, University of Waterloo
2010/2011
Gord Hume, Councillor, City of London, Chair of MCPI Board Sam Coghlan, Chief Executive Officer, Stratford Public Library Warren Garrett, Executive Director, CCI-Ontario Presenting Network Onnalee Groves, Culture Officer, City of Barrie Astero Kalogeropoulos, Arts and Culture Program Officer, City of Guelph Bill Poole, Interim Executive Director, The Canadian Clay and Glass Gallery Robert Williams, Professor Emeritus, Political Science, University of Waterloo
MCPI Staff
Emily Robson, General Manager Gillian Flanagan, Program Manager
About MCPI
Municipal Cultural Mapping Guidelines Stakeholder Working Group
Elena Bird, Senior Policy Advisor, Economic Development & Culture, City of Toronto, Chair of Working Group Emily Robson, General Manager, MCPI John Ariyo, Supervisor, Research & Project, City of Mississauga Cathy Bingham, Tourism Specialist, County of Oxford Rebecca Cann, Cultural Planning Supervisor, City of St. Catharines Jean Anne Carroll, Project Manager, Economic Development Office, County of Prince Edward Sam Coghlan, Chief Executive Officer, Stratford Public Library Ben Dick, Municipal Cultural Planning Researcher, City of Peterborough Jennifer Evers, Lead Strategist—Citizen, DECODE – Decoding Youth and Young Families Erik Hanson, Heritage Resources Coordinator, City of Peterborough Kwende Kefentse, Cultural Planner, City of Ottawa Kerri King, Tourism Manager, Economic Development & Tourism, Regional Municipality of Durham Betty Anne Keller, Manager, Cultural Development, City of Waterloo Harvey Low, Acting Manager, Social Research & Analysis Unit, City of Toronto Jude Ortiz, Researcher/ Coordinator, NORDIK Institute, Algoma University Angela Palermo, Manager of Cultural Services, City of Vaughan Bill Poole, Interim Executive Director, The Canadian Clay and Glass Gallery Alida Stevenson, Policy Advisor, Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture Raphael Sussman, Coordinator, Land Information Ontario Patti Tombs, Manager, Cultural Initiatives, City of Hamilton Elizabeth Wakeford, Coordinator, Cultural Initiatives, City of Hamilton Robert Williams, Professor Emeritus, Political Science, University of Waterloo
Additional Interviews Conducted with:
Nadia Amaroso, Lecturer, Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto Greg Baeker, Principal, AuthentiCity Leah Bayly, Supervisor of Cultural Services, City of Thunder Bay Adele Dobkowski, Executive Director, ArtsBuild Ontario Debbie Hill, Manager of Heritage and Cultural Services, City of Ottawa Nina-Marie Lister, Associate Professor-School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University Claire Loughheed, Senior Manager, Cultural Services, Town of Oakville Terry Nicholson, Manager of Cultural Affairs, City of Toronto Pru Robey, Director—Knowledge Exchange, Artscape Eva Salter, Regional Advisor, Ontario Ministries of Citizenship and Immigration; Tourism and Culture; and Health Promotion and Sport Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Appendix A - Glossary
Appendix A
Glossary Aggregation
Aggregation is the act of gathering or presenting data in summary form. It involves grouping data into categories, which simplifies it and makes it easier to focus on specific variables or to communicate findings at a larger scale. For example, the results of a business survey may have 30 different fields of information for each business. The results may be aggregated to summarize only how many businesses have 0-9 employees, how many have 10-49 employees and how many 50+ employees.
Baseline Cultural Mapping
Baseline Cultural Mapping is a process of identifying cultural assets, developing an initial database and maps that illustrate the scope and location of cultural assets. The focus is on laying the foundation for continued mapping efforts by capturing the “breadth” of cultural resources across the community, which in itself can be an extensive endeavour. As a result, the “depth” of information captured in a baseline database - or the level of detail included in each category - may not be as extensive as it could be.
Cultural Lens
Adopting a cultural lens refers to the process of examining any planning or development decision in a community from the vantage point/perspective of the impact that decision will have on the management of cultural resources or the contribution those cultural resources can make to the economic prosperity, social equity, environmental responsibility and cultural vitality of the community. For example, in adopting a cultural lens, three questions for local governments to consider are: 1. How can cultural resources help address local priorities/issues (e.g. need to diversify the economy, retain youth, increase tourism)? 2. How does local planning impact cultural resources (e.g. repair or replace heritage bridge, development of natural heritage landscape, downtown revitalization)? 3. How can culture enhance form/function in the public realm (e.g. public art installations, urban design, applications of art in rehabilitating or creating public infrastructure such as artwork on garbage trucks, public art commissions for new buildings)
Cultural Resources
Cultural resources encompass both tangible and intangible cultural assets that fuel local cultural vitality and contribute to defining the unique local cultural identity and sense of place. Intangible cultural assets are types of cultural expression that are not necessarily manifest in physical form.
CULTURAL RESOURCES TANGIBLE CULTURAL ASSETS INTANGIBLE CULTURAL ASSETS
Appendix A - Glossary
Tangible cultural assets include cultural occupations (e.g. musician, video game designer); cultural industries (e.g. book publisher, opera company); community cultural organizations (e.g. ethno-cultural association, Historical Society); cultural spaces and facilities (e.g. museums, community centres, places of worship), cultural events and festivals (e.g. county fairs, film festivals, multicultural events).
Cultural Resource Framework
The Cultural Resource Framework is a tool to help identify and classify cultural resources. It provides seven categories of cultural resources. They are: Cultural Industries; Cultural Occupations; Community Cultural Organizations; Cultural Facilities & Spaces; Cultural Heritage; Natural Heritage; Cultural Festivals & Events. Each category has multiple sub-categories of cultural resources. It also includes data sources for collecting information on many cultural resources.
Data architecture
Data architecture is the format chosen to organize a dataset. It involves choosing the names and order of data fields (categories of information), and the hierarchy within which they will be organized in a GIS database.
Dataset
A dataset is a collection of data, organized into a table where each column represents a category of information. A Cultural Resource Database is composed of several datasets, since it is assembled from various sources of existing data.
Geo-coding
Geo-coding is the process of linking resource data to locations in space for the purpose of geographic mapping. Resource data can be linked to GPS coordinates, street addresses or postal codes.
GPS Coordinates
These are the longitude and latitude coordinates (X and Y) that act as reference points for a location on earth.
Municipal Cultural Resource Mapping
Municipal Cultural Resource Mapping is a government-led systematic approach to identifying, recording and classifying a community’s cultural resources. It involves a process of collecting, analysing and synthesizing information in order to describe and visualize the cultural resources in terms of issues such as networks, links, patterns of usage, and unique character and identity of a given community.
Municipal Cultural Planning Municipal Cultural Planning (MCP) is a municipal government led process approved by Council, for identifying and leveraging a community’s cultural resources, strengthening the management of those resources, and integrating those cultural resources across all facets of municipal government planning and decision making.
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Appendix B - Cultural Resource Framework
Appendix B
Cultural Resource Framework Cultural Industries - These are the categories of cultural industries outlined in the Statistics Canada Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics reflecting the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. NAICS
DEFINITION
3152
Cut and Sew Clothing Manufacturing
315299
Theatrical Supplies and Costumes
3231
Printing and related support activities
323113
Commercial Screen Printing
323115
Digital Printing
323119
Other Printing (Photo Albums, Art Works, Cards, Museum Catalogues)
32312
Support Activities for Printing
3271
Clay product and refractory manufacturing
327110
Pottery and Ceramics
3346
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media
33461
Sound Recording, Film & Video Support
4144
Personal Goods wholesaler - distributors
41442
Book, Periodical and Newspaper Wholesaler-Distributors
41444
Sound Recording Wholesalers
41445
Video Cassette Wholesalers
41446
Toy and Hobby Goods Wholesaler-Distributors
4481
Clothing and clothing accessory stores.
448199
Dance Supplies
Appendix B - Cultural Resource Framework
NAICS
DEFINITION
4512
Book, periodical and music stores
45121
Bookstores
45122
Pre-Recorded Tape, Compact Disc and Record Stores
45114
Musical Instrument and Supplies Stores
4533
Used merchandise stores
453310
Antiques
4539
Other miscellaneous store retailers
453920
Art Dealers/Suppliers
453920
Commercial Art Galleries
5111
Publishing (except over the Internet)
51111
Newspaper Publishers
51112
Periodical Publishers
51113
Book Publishers
51114
Directory and Mailing List Publishers
51119
Other Publishers
5112
Software publishers
51121
Software Publishers
5121
Film and Video Industries
51211
Motion Picture and Video Production
51212
Motion Picture and Video Distribution
51213
Motion Picture and Video Exhibition
51219
Post-Production and Other Motion Picture and Video Industries
5122
Sound recording industries
51221
Record Production
51222
Integrated Record Production/Distribution
51223
Music Publishers
51224
Sound Recording Studios
51229
Other Sound Recording Industries
5151
Radio broadcasting and television broadcasting
51511
Radio Broadcasting
51512
Television Broadcasting
5152
Pay and specialized television
51521
Pay and Specialty Television
5161
Internet publishing and broadcasting
51611
Internet Publishing, Broadcasting and Software Publishing
5174
Satellite telecommunications
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Appendix B - Cultural Resource Framework
NAICS
DEFINITION
5175
Cable television and other activities for distributing television programs
5181
Internet service providers, web search portals
5181
Web hosting and web page design
5191
Other information services
519121
Libraries
519122
Archives
5413
Architectural, engineering and related services
54131
Architectural Services
54132
Landscape Architectural Services
5414
Specialized design services
54141
Interior Design Services
54142
Industrial Design Services
54143
Graphic Designers
54149
Other Specialized Design Services – clothing, costume, fashion, jewellery, set + textile
5415
Computer systems design and related services
541510
Custom computer software systems analysis and design services
541511
Custom Computer Programming Services – Web page design services
541511
Custom Computer Programming Services [new and interactive digital media]
5418
Advertising and related services
54181
Advertising Agencies
54182
Public Relations Services
54183
Media Buying Agencies
54184
Media Representatives
54185
Display Advertising
54186
Direct Mail Advertising
54187
Advertising Material Distribution Services
54189
Other Services Related to Advertising
5419
Other professional, scientific and technical services
541920
Photography
6116
Other Schools and Instruction
61161
Dance Instruction
61161
Music Instruction
61161
Visual Arts Instruction
61161
Theatre Instruction
7111
Performing arts companies
711111
Theatre Companies (except Musical Theatre)
Appendix B - Cultural Resource Framework
NAICS
DEFINITION
711112
Musical Theatre
711112
Opera Companies
711112
Dinner Theatre
711120
Dance Companies
711130
Musical Groups
711190
Other Performing Arts Companies
7113
Promoters (distributors) of arts events or similar events
71131
Promoters (Presenters) of Performing Arts
7114
Agents and representatives of artists
71141
Agents and Managers for Artists and Entertainers
7115
Artists, authors and independent performers
7121
Heritage institutions
712111
Public Art Galleries
712119
Public Museums Gardens, Other Heritage Institutions)
712119
Commercial Museums, Gardens, Other Heritage Institutions)
712190
Interpretive Centers
712120
Historic and Heritage Sites
712130
Botanical and Zoological Gardens
Cultural Occupations – these are occupation categories that correspond to the Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics, and are organized according to North American Occupational Classification System (NOCS) codes. The categories describe the various jobs that people perform as cultural workers, and include the cultural occupations that people perform in cultural industries (e.g. in music, film, heritage management etc.) as well as many of those performed outside of cultural industries (e.g. graphic designer working for an investment firm; creative writer working for a marketing firm). NOCS
DEFINITION
F021.5121
Authors and writers
F022.5122
Editors
F022.5123
Journalists
Literary Arts
Visual arts and design C051.2151
Architects
C052.2152
Landscape architects
C152.2252
Industrial designers
F036.5136
Painters, sculptors, and other visual artists
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Appendix B - Cultural Resource Framework
NOCS
DEFINITION
F121.5221
Photographers
F141.5241
Graphic designers and illustrators
F142.5242
Interior designers
F143.5243
Theatre, fashion, exhibit and other creative designers
F144.5244
Artisans and craft persons Performing Arts
F035.5135
Actors and comedians
F031.5131
Producers, directors and choreographers
F032.5132
Conductors, composers and arrangers
F033.5133
Musicians and singers
F034.5134
Dancers
F132.5232
Other performers Heritage occupations
F011.5111
Librarians
F011.5111
Conservators and curators
F011.5111
Archivists Cultural management
A341.0511
Library, archive, museum and art gallery managers
A342.0512
Managers in publishing, motion pictures, broadcasting and performing arts
B413.1213
Supervisors, library, correspondence and related information clerks Technical and operational occupations
B551.1451
Library clerks
B552.1452
Correspondence, publication and related clerks
C125.2225
Landscape and horticultural technicians and specialists
C151.2251
Architectural technologists and technicians
C153.2253
Drafting technologists and interpreters
F024.5124
Professional occupations in public relations and communications
F025.5125
Translators, terminologists and interpreters
F111.5211
Library and archive technicians and assistants
F112.5212
Technical occupations related to museums and galleries
F122.5222
Film and video camera operators
F123.5223
Graphic arts technicians
F125.5225
Audio and video recording technicians
F124.5224
Broadcast technicians
F126.5226
Other technical occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting, and the performing arts
F127.5227
Support and assisting occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting and the performing arts
Appendix B - Cultural Resource Framework
NOCS
DEFINITION
F131.5231
Announcers and other broadcasters
F145.5245
Patternmakers - textile, leather and fur products Manufacturing occupations
H018.7218
Supervisors, printing and related occupations
H521.7381
Printing press operators
J181.9471
Printing machine operators
J182.9472
Camera, plate making and other pre-press occupations
J184.9474
Photographic and film processors
Cultural Organizations - This category represents community cultural organizations involved in arts and heritage activities. Data records are usually captured by municipal cultural services, community arts councils and/or Community Information Centres/Services etc.
NAICS
DEFINITION
81399
Other membership organizations
813990
Arts Groups
81341
Civic and social organizations
813410
Heritage Groups
813410
Aboriginal (Cultural) Organizations
813410
Ethno-Cultural Organizations
9139
Other Local, Municipal and Regional Public Administration
913910
Municipal Advisory Committees
Cultural Spaces & Facilities – These are places designed to host cultural activity. Categories include spaces and facilities in the not-for-profit, public and private domain.
NAICS
DEFINITION
453920
Commercial Art Galleries
512110
Motion Picture, Film and Video Production
512240
Sound Recording Studios
515110
Radio Broadcasting
515120
Television Broadcasting
515210
Pay and Specialty Television Studios
519121
Libraries
519122
Archives
541430
Graphic Design Services
541490
Other Specialized Design Services
541511
Digital and Media Studios
61161
Arts Instruction
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Appendix B - Cultural Resource Framework
NAICS
DEFINITION
611610
Fine Arts Schools (including Dance Schools)
71111
Theatres
711311
Other Performing Arts Facilities
712111
Public Art Galleries
712119
Public Museums
712119
Commercial Museums, Gardens, Other Heritage Institutions)
712190
Other Heritage Institutions [including Nature and Interpretive Centres)
Natural Heritage – This category includes natural wonders and areas of natural heritage and environmental significance.
NAICS
DEFINITION
712130
Botanical and Zoological Gardens (Includes Botanical conservatories & Arboreta)
712190
Bird/wildlife Sanctuaries
712190
Conservation Areas
712190
Natural Wonders (including tourist attractions (e.g. caverns, waterfalls)
712190
Nature Centres
712190
Nature parks (include nature reserves (and wetlands) & parklands)
712190
Provincial Parks
712190
National Parks Farms and Orchards (includes heritage farms and gardens (managed lands)) Gardens and Forests Natural History Site Urban Parks (tied to the Municipal Act) Canadian Heritage Rivers Scenic Destinations
Cultural Heritage – This category includes establishments involved the preservation and exhibition of objects and sites of historical, cultural and educational value.
NAICS
DEFINITION Material Culture (Collections)
519122
Archives
712111
Public Art Gallery Collections and Outdoor Public Art
712119
Public Museum Collections
712115
Museums
712115
Specialized
712115
General/Local
Appendix B - Cultural Resource Framework
NAICS
DEFINITION
71212
Built Heritage Properties (Residential, Industrial, Institutional, Commercial) Registered Designated
71212
Heritage Conservation Districts
712120
Historic Sites and Monuments
712120
Battlefields, Fortifications, Military Sites
712120
Heritage villages
712120
Industrial and Transportation Heritage Sites
712120
Pioneer villages
712120
Village and Farmstead Heritage Sites
712120
Archaeological Sites
812220
Cemeteries Plaques Streetscapes and vistas
Cultural Events & Festivals - This category represents festivals and events that recur on an annual or regular and predictable basis.
NAICS
DEFINITION
71131
Promoters (presenters) of performing arts and similar events with facilities
711311
Factory Tours
711311
Gallery and Studio Tours and Events
711311
Museum and Art Gallery Programs and Events
71132
Promoters (presenters) of performing arts and similar events without facilities
711322
Aboriginal Festivals and Events
711322
Artists or Artisan Tours and Events
711322
Country Fairs
711322
Craft Shows and Festivals
711322
Film Festivals and Events
711322
House or Garden Tours and Events
711322
Interpretive Programs, Tours and Events
711322
Literary Festivals and Events
711322
Multicultural Festivals/Events
711322
Music Festivals and Events
711322
Natural and Cultural Heritage Tours and Events
711322
Performing Arts Festivals and Events
711322
Public Art Tours
711322
Seasonal Celebrations and Events
711322
Street Festivals
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Appendix Appendix C - Additional C - Additional Information Information
Appendix C
Additional Information A) Potential Funding Sources for Cultural Resource Mapping Initiatives Organization
Program/Grant/ Fund
Contact
Ontario Ministry of Tourism & Culture
Creative Communities Prosperity Fund (CCPF
ontario.ca/creativecommunitiesfund
Ontario Trillium Foundation – “Building healthy vibrant communities”
Community Project Grants
trilliumfoundation.org/
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
Rural Economic Development (RED) Program
omafra.gov.on.ca/english/rural/red/
Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Trade
Communities in Transition: Non-profit organizations, such as local economic development corporations or industry organizations are eligible
ontariocanada.com/ontcan/1medt/ en/progserv_cit_en.jsp
Industry Canada
Community Futures Program
ic.gc.ca/eic/site/fednor-fednor.nsf/ eng/h_fn01468.html
Geo Connections
geoconnections.org/en/ opportunities/programAreas
Appendix C - Additional Information
B) National and Provincial Data Sources There are a number of provincial and national organizations that have cultural data available. In many cases accessing the data requires making a formal request, and sometimes entering into a sharing agreement. Database/ Type of Data Organization
Details / Contact
Archeological Database / Ministry of Tourism and Culture
Entries for each registered archeological site in Ontario
Bi-lateral data-sharing agreements with municipalities enable access. Information on archeological sites. http://www.culture.gov.on.ca/english/ heritage/archaeology/archsite.htm
Ontario Arts Council
Each year, OAC will publish an online list, organized by county/district, including: 1) OAC annually funded organizations, including: name of org., city/community, mailing address, and 2) OAC project grant recipients: name of org or individual artist and their city/ community
arts.on.ca/Page50.aspx
Database of designated heritage Ontario Heritage Properties Database properties in Ontario. / Ministry of Tourism and Culture
Available online (though not updated) at culture.gov.on.ca/english/heritage/ hpd.htm Up-to-date version can be provided by request.
‘LibStats’ database / Ministry of Tourism and Culture
Database of Ontario public library statistics. Derived from Annual Survey of Public Libraries that gathers information on over 120 fields.
Municipalities can request specific data from the Ministry. Contact: rod.sawyer@ontario.ca or adam.haviaras@ontario.ca. Annual statistics are also available online at the Ministry website.
Census Data / Labour Force Survey / Statistics Canada
Occupations data of people employed in the creative and cultural industries (defined by Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics).
Custom data requests can be made from StatsCan, with a cost. Note: Local economic development departments/agencies may also have this data, which can significantly reduce costs.
Canadian Industry Statistics / Statistics Canada
Industry data of firms engaged in the creative and cultural industries (defined by Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics).
Custom data requests can be made from StatsCan, with a cost. Note: Local economic development departments/agencies may also have this data, which can significantly reduce costs.
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Appendix D - Additional Resources
Appendix D
Additional Resources Baeker, G. (2010). Rediscovering the Wealth of Places: A Municipal Cultural Planning Handbook for Canadian Communities. Municipal World Inc. Ontario. Bertuzzo, E. T. (2009) Fragmented Dhaka: Analysing everyday life with Henri Lefebvre’s Theory of Production of Space, Franz Steiner Verlag, Frankfurt. Bhagat, Alexis and Mogel, Lizzie (eds) (2008) An Atlas of Radical Cartography, Journal of Aesthetics and Protest Press. Blaut, J. M., & Stea, D. (1971). Studies of Geographic Learning. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 61(2), 387-393. Chawla, L. (2001). Growing up in an urbanizing world. London: Earthscan. Crampton, J. W. (2009) “Maps 2.0.” Progress in Human Geography,33(1), pp. 91-100. Crampton, J. W. (2010) Mapping: A Critical Introduction to Cartography and GIS, John Wiley, Malden MA and Oxford. Crouch, D. and Matless, D. (1996) “Refiguring Geography: the parish maps of Common Ground,” Transactions of the IBG, 21(1), 236-255. De Propis, L., Chapain. C., et. al. (2009) The Geography of Creativity. National Endowment of Science Technology and Arts (NESTA), UK. Dodge, M.; Kitchin, R. and Perkins, C. (eds) (2009) Rethinking Maps: New Frontiers in Cartographic Theory, Routledge, New York. Downs, Roger M. and David Stea (1977) Maps in Minds: Reflections on Cognitive Mapping, Harper and Row, New York.
Appendix D - Additional Resources
E.R.A. Architects (2003), A Map of Toronto’s Cultural Facilities: A Cultural Facilities Analysis. City of Toronto, Toronto. Freeman, C., & Vass, E. (2010). Planning, Maps, and Children’s Lives: A Cautionary Tale. Planning Theory & Practice, 11(1), 65 - 88. Harmon, K. (2003) You Are Here: Personal Geographies and Other Maps of the Imagination, Princeton Architectural Press. Harmon, K. (2009) The Map as Art: Contemporary Artists Explore Cartography, Princeton Architectural Press. Karsten, L. (2002). Mapping childhood in Amsterdam: The spatial and social construction of children’s domains in the city. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 93(3), 231-241. Kraftl, P., Horton, J., & Tucker, F. (2007). Children, young people and built environments. Built Environment, 33(4), 399-404. Lynch, Kevin (1982 [1960]) The Image of the City, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Matthews, M. H. (1985). Young children’s representations of the environment: A comparison of techniques. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 5(3), 261-278. Grogan, D., Mercer, C. and Engwight, D. (1995).The Cultural Planning Handbook: An Essential Australian Guide. Allen & Unwin. Australia, 71-94. Monmonier, Mark (1996) How To Lie With Maps, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Perkins, C. (2007) Community Mapping, The Cartographic Journal Vol. 44 No. 2 pp. 127-137. Pocock, D. and Hudson, R. (1978) Images of the Urban Environment, Macmillan. Thompson, N. (2009) Experimental Geography: Radical Approaches to Landscape, Cartography, and Urbanism, Melville House. Stewart, S. (2006) Cultural Mapping Toolkit, Creative City Network of Canada, Vancouver. Travlou, P., Owens, P. E., Thompson, C. W., & Maxwell, L. (2008). Place mapping with teenagers: locating their territories and documenting their experience of the public realm. Children’s Geographies, 6(3), 309 - 326. Turchi, P. (2004) Maps of the Imagination: Writer as Cartographer, Trinity University Press. Tufte, E. (1990) Envisioning Information. Graphics Press. Wood, Denis (1992) The Power of Maps, Guilford Press, New York. Wridt, P. A qualitative GIS approach to mapping urban neighborhoods with children to promote physical activity and child-friendly community planning. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 37(1), 129-147.
Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guide for Municipalities
Appendix D - Additional Resources
Web-based Additional Resources:
A Guide to Artist Studios & Galleries in Halifax and Regional Municipality: http://www.halifaxartmap.com/home/index.php An Italian example: http://percorsi-emotivi.com/ A Dutch example: http://www.culturelekaartrotterdam.nl/culturele-kaart-rotterdam/ Artist Christian Nold: http://www.softhook.com/ Creative City Network of Canada, Online Resources: http://www.creativecity.ca/english/online-resources-mainmenu-144/ccnc-publicationsmainmenu-169/toolkits Counter Cartographies Collective (North Carolina, USA): http://www.countercartographies.org/ DIY Cartography: http://makingmaps.net/2008/01/03/subversive-cartographies/ Fractured Atlas, Find Performing Arts Spaces in New York City: http://www.fracturedatlas.org/site/technology/performing_arts_spaces One Square Mile: http://square-mile.net/ Open Forum on Geographic Information Systems and Technology: http://www.ppgis.net/ Mapping for Change: http://www.mappingforchange.org.uk/ Municipal Cultural Planning Incorporated: http://www.ontariomcp.ca/ NESTA Geography of Creativity: http://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Report%2027%20-%20Geography%20of%20 Creativity%20v4.pdf Placing Creativity: Mapping the Intersection of Culture, Economy and Place http://placingcreativity.org/ Review of Bill Bunge’s: http://indiemaps.com/blog/2010/03/wild-bill-bunge/ Studies of Newcastle (UK) Play Space: http://playspacenewcastle.blogspot.com/ Toronto Waterfront Culture and Heritage Infrastructure Plan http://www.toronto.ca/culture/brochures/brochure_canadasurbanwaterfront.pdf Toronto Cultural Facility Map http://www.era.on.ca/graphics/articles/pdf/article_28.pdf “The People’s Atlas of Chicago” by AREA-Chicago: http://www.areachicago.org/ Vancouver Office of Cultural Affairs, Performing Arts Facility Inventory: http://vancouver.ca/facility_wac/facility.exe Vancouver Office of Cultural Affairs, Public Art Registry: http://vancouver.ca/publicart_wac/publicart.exe
Appendix D - Additional Resources