Municipal World - March 2016 Sample Issue by Municipal World

MARCH 2016

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ALSO INSIDE Going 100% RE in Oxford County

By encouraging Compassionate Conservation, municipalities can make it easier for humans and wild animals to live together Photo: Melanie Fontana

Canada’s new rail grade crossings regulations Engaging residents in local recycling Safer practices for dry cleaning

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CONTENTS

MUNICIPAL WORLD – CANADA’S MUNICIPAL MAGAZINE

MANAGING WILDLIFE ISSUES Urban wildlife can present significant challenges for local governments, who are generally underresourced to deal with such issues. Promoting Compassionate Conservation practices can help ease the burden. 5

REACHING FOR 100% RE AND MORE Oxford County is taking an important lead in environmental action.

ENGAGING RESIDENTS TO ACT Winnipeg Public Library shows how special events can be successful in raising consumer awareness about recycling at the local level – with benefits in both the short and long term.

MARCH 2016 volume 126, number 3

CANADA’S NEW GRADE CROSSINGS REGULATIONS With new regulations coming into effect, it’s important to know your road authorities’ responsibilities.

ISO 37120 AND CANADIAN MUNICIPALITIES Can data standards improve our common lives?

APATHY IS BORING! A youth driven, non-partisan charitable organization is using art and technology to engage young people in democracy.

31 E B I R C SUB13S DEALING LEGALLY WITH CELL TOWERS L PA I CLEANING UP THE PROCESS C I N U M TO 33 O T 15 D L OR W EDUCATION IS THE KEY TO THE T R EH GUL AR S E A GREENER WORLD S S E ACC Coming Events..............................20, 27, 43 ! E N Editor’s Corner............................................3 I Z A G A Environmental Zone...................................39 19 FULL M Better technology offers the dry cleaning industry an environmentally-friendly alternative – and Canadian cities have an important role in promoting its use.

Now is a good time to explore the tools currently available to municipalities to guide and regulate cell towers and their impacts on the community.

A new campaign can help communities educate local homeowners about lawn and garden care best practices, and the responsible use of home fertilizer products. York Region is working to cultivate a culture of continuous improvement and sustainable

Governance Zone......................................35 Management Zone....................................37 The Reading Room....................................41

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Susan M. Gardner

“Those who wish to pet and baby wild animals ‘love’ them. But those who respect their natures and wish to let them live normal lives, love them more.” from Circle of the Seasons by Edwin Way Teale

There are few things more exciting than catching a chance glimpse of a majestic, undisturbed wild bird or animal exploring its natural habitat, oblivious to our presence as we watch from a safe distance. And, who hasn’t been charmed by the chatter of a frisky chipmunk skipping across the trail or dancing along the top of the fence. (A critter we’ve nicknamed “Chippy” is a frequent visitor in our backyard ... although, in the absence of any distinguishing marks, a friend recently suggested it’s more likely to be 10 different critters, all just passing through.) Our attraction to the beauty of the natural world – and even the desire to experience the wild kingdom up close – is not surprising. It is little wonder, then, that many can’t resist the temptation to invite some of that wildlife into their backyards, hoping for the opportunity to observe it in closer proximity, and with greater frequency. Bird feeding alone has developed into a huge (and growing) consumer market. Market research in 2013 estimated the value of the Canadian market for wild bird feed and feeders at $1.15 billion (USD) annually, with 61.5 percent of Canadian households indicating that they buy wild bird feed at least sometimes. In addition, the research found that almost 75 percent of those participating in bird feeding live in urban, suburban, or small town/village communities. Those pursuing bird feeding as a hobby are often quick-

ly rewarded for their efforts, discovering that, if you feed them, they will indeed come. As Sara Dubois discusses in our cover story this month, however, feeding wildlife (even the birds), whether it is deliberate or unintentional, is seldom prudent. Aside from the negative impacts on the health and survival skills of the animals and birds we befriend, there are bound to be a variety of unintended consequences as well. These may include the attraction of other (perhaps unwanted) visitors such as rodents, raccoons, skunks, or even bears, as well as conflicts between neighbours. For local governments – upon whose doorstep such issues will typically land – public education about Compassionate Conservation can go a long way toward reducing the incidence of human/wildlife conflict (as well as human/human conflict). So, as spring approaches, it can’t hurt to remind residents about unintended consequences, and that one person’s desire to experience “beautiful wildlife” in the backyard may also be a catalyst for scattered trash or an injured pet (or family member) for themselves or their neighbours. In addition, those with sincere intentions to help preserve wildlife (perhaps considering feeding as a tool) will be keen to learn that, for any of the birds or animals involved, the backyard feedings are not so much “helpful” as they are a human indulgence – with an impact that is frequently negative, and potentially dangerous, for all.

March 2016

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animal control by Sara Dubois

Managing Wildlife Issues Compassionate Conservation practices can make it easier for humans and wild animals to live together What does compassion look like in your community? Providing a safe and healthy environment for all your residents to flourish is surely an essential component – but, what about your animal residents? While many municipalities have animal control by-laws meant to protect both people and pets, fewer communities have spread that consideration to their wild animal neighbours. Recent media attention on urban deer, beaver-caused flooding, backyard bears, and dumpster raccoons has brought about tremendous controversy to local governments, who are generally under-resourced to deal with provincial wildlife issues. Yet, the wild neighbours who share our communities are just doing what is natural to them – seeking food and shelter. It is actually human practices that can make it harder – or easier – to live together.

Principles of Compassionate Conservation Here is where Compassionate Conservation can help guide policy and operational considerations for local governments. Compassionate Conserva►► respecting wild animals for their inhertion is a scientific discipline that merges ent value, not just as a resource for conservation values with animal welfare people; ethics and offers a framework that fully ►► recognizing the importance of indiconsiders individual animals in research, vidual animals within their population policy, and practice.1 Caring about local as they provide stability for groups; environments and wild animals together is ►► avoiding using labels such as “pest,” a natural extension of providing safe comsince the label reflects our attitude and munities, as many of the problems they not the animal’s quality; and face are the same – such as pollution and habitat loss. The principles of Compassionate 1 See <spca.bc.ca/compassionateconservation>. Conservation include:

SARA DUBOIS was born and raised in Langford, B.C. and has worked for the British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals for 15 years. She serves as Chief Scientific Officer directing province-wide welfare science operations, education, and advocacy projects. Sara has a Biology BSc (UVic 2000), Animal Science MSc. and PhD (UBC 2003 & 2014), and is an Adjunct Professor in the UBC Applied Biology Department.

March 2016

Municipal World

Photo: Sally Cornies

►► understanding that co-existence is often a more effective management option. The principles and actions that embody Compassionate Conservation will reduce individual wild animal harm and suffering, and will improve conservation outcomes. So, what does this look like on the ground? As a start, basic wildlife by-laws and garbage management can help to frame the role of municipalities in Compassionate Conservation. For example, wildlife feeding is a frequent source of neighbour-to-neighbour complaints and nuisance wildlife interactions. Although most provinces will restrict the feeding of dangerous wildlife (bears, cougars, etc.) under provincial law for public safety reasons, most wildlife feeding (whether intentional or unintentional) is not prohibited unless by local by-law. Intentional feeding occurs when individuals purposely leave or hand out grain, seed, bread, nuts, etc. to attract animals. Unintentional feeding, which is much 6

Municipal World

more prevalent, happens when pet food, compost, unsecure gardens, or garbage is accessible to animals.

Interaction with Wildlife Encouraging positive interactions with wildlife in our communities is essential and many people enjoy seeing wildlife close to them. But, some believe feeding is a harmless activity. Unfortunately, any type of unnatural feeding can have significant negative consequences for the health and behaviour of wildlife – it does much more harm than good. Feeding wild animals unnatural foods can cause nutritional deficiencies, spread disease in populations, increase aggression of animals or their dependency on human foods, negatively affect future breeding, and encourage the presence of their larger predators and animals such as rodents. When accessible to wild animals, attractants such as garbage and compost also have the potential to injure animals by entangling them in plastic bags and containers.

March 2016

What about the birds? The best way to enjoy birds in our backyards has always been to grow native plants that they naturally are attracted to. But, for those adamant that they have to feed birds, only winter (harsh weather) feeding of natural foods – in feeders not accessible to squirrels, raccoons, rodents, deer, or bears – should be permitted. Remember, we feed birds not because they need it, but because we want to share our backyards with them. Feeding by-laws go hand-in-hand with municipal garbage management. Wildlife-proof bins for municipal pick-up are key to preventing increased nuisance wildlife activity and the messy clean-up of tipped over bins. Day-of-pick-up restrictions for putting out bins is also important. In communities with landfills, proper fencing and bird deterrents are critical to preventing the food-conditioning of local wildlife. Further, if we learn how to keep both our pets and wildlife safe and healthy by fostering humane communities of responsible pet guardians, we can have happy

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pets and keep nature in balance. In North America, domestic cats kill hundreds of millions of wild birds and mammals each year. Collar bells do not prevent cats from catching and killing prey, and most birds that are caught by a cat will not survive. Domestic dogs can also seriously injure many wild species, including squirrels, seal pups, and deer fawns. Cat and dog owners should both be discouraged from allowing animals to roam unsupervised. Outdoor enclosures or leashes are safe

options for those cats that have a strong desire for outdoor access. Dog owners should respect leash regulations in any parks and keep their dogs leashed in areas where they may encounter wildlife.

Preventing and Mitigating Wildlife Conflicts Prevention should always be a first step to mitigating wildlife conflicts. But, when the human-wildlife conflict is already in full swing, effective and hu-

mane solutions are required to reach sustainable solutions that are also socially acceptable, and that meet broad public values for the treatment of wildlife. This does not mean that all conflicts have to be dealt with non-lethally – in fact, some non-lethal practices (e.g., long-distance relocation) are inhumane for certain animals because they can be separated from young or social groups, or released into unfamiliar territories without any food caches and novel predators. However, it is important to note that many lethal solutions are not proven solutions and are often ineffective at reaching objectives (since more animals just move in to replace those removed), and the methods themselves are often inhumane. Compassionate Conservation of local wildlife equates to ensuring that ethical wildlife control practices are implemented. Step 1 is to ask whether any control is necessary; and, if no intervention was done, what would happen? If non-intervention is unacceptable because the risk to public health and safety or damage is too high, then setting clear and achievable objectives by defining the actual problem (not the potential or perceived problem) is Step 2: Is the problem damage to property or crops? Is there an increased risk of vehicle collisions? Defining any wildlife conflict as “there are just too many of them” is not helpful, as most animal populations are generally not accurately measured and it is not possible to remove every last animal – practically or ethically. Step 3 is to look at all options on the table: what are the costs (not just monetary), benefits, and animal welfare considerations – and who are community partners that can help? Finally, an assessment of the ability to monitor the intervention actions and perform long-term maintenance of the program is essential to ensuring conflict does not arise (at least significantly) again. Developing a Compassionate Conservation strategy for your municipality by identifying current and potential future conflicts, gauging available community resources and expertise on wildlife, and implementing effective and ethical solutions is a bold leadership commitment that you can make to provide a safe and healthy environment for all your residents – both human and animal. MW

March 2016

Municipal World

March 2016

sustainability by Adam Nyp

Reaching for 100% RE … and More Oxford County taking lead in environmental action

Photo: Damien Dudek

Is “sustainability” more than just a concept or a buzzword in modern municipal lexicon? Defined as that sweet spot where economic, environmental, and societal values can all flourish in harmony, can a city, a region, or even a country find the “attainability” in “sustainability”? Oxford County is one municipality pushing ahead with some very ambitious goals from the recently-completed Future Oxford Community Sustainability Plan <www.futureoxford.ca>.

Oxford is home to a strong manufacturing base (two major automotive assembly plants) and agricultural sector. But, the need to diversify the economy, combined with the prospect of a major landfill proposal, has challenged the community to pursue bigger-picture ideas. Oxford is out to prove that, more than just a buzzword, “sustainability” can be a community building a legacy of environmental leadership for future generations.

March 2016

Going 100% RE Among the headliners in the Future Oxford Community Sustainability Plan, Oxford County has become the first municipality in Ontario to commit ADAM NYP is a Communications Officer with Oxford County, having previously spent a decade in broadcasting with a focus on covering municipal politics in Southwestern Ontario. He can be reached at <anyp@oxfordcounty.ca> or 519-539-9800 ext. 3529.

Municipal World

to producing the equivalent of 100 percent of its energy needs through renewable energy sources, by the year 2050. The only other jurisdiction to make the “100% RE” pledge in all of Canada is the City of Vancouver. The 100% RE motion was unanimously passed by county council in June 2015 in a motion that was put forward by Woodstock Mayor Trevor Birtch. “Setting a goal for 2050 has a long-term horizon for educating our children,” said Birtch. “I’m looking at it as a goal where our youth can be involved in helping their parents and the previous generation to embrace new emerging technology to help us become more energy efficient. “It definitely is achievable. We’re at a point in time where, over the next few years, there will be improvements in technology, and that technology will become much more affordable for citizens.” Birtch says other jurisdictions who have committed and succeeded in reaching the 100% RE goal have realized that as much as 50 percent of the goal can be accomplished through energy conservation measures. Those efficiencies can involve every household and business, especially in the face of continually-rising electricity prices. Oxford County’s commitment towards 100 percent renewable energy has stimulated interest not only from within the community, but from across the country and around the world. An early partnership has been formed with York University’s Sustainable Energy Initiative and Dr. Jose Etcheverry, who believes that Oxford has positioned itself to become “a world class destination” for energy efficiency by merely passing the motion. On the global stage, County Warden David Mayberry and Operations Manager of Woodstock Hydro, Jay Heaman, were invited to a renewable energy conference in Kassel, Germany. The conference, held in November 2015, brought together officials from 14 different countries to share ideas and discuss ways they have measured progress in achieving renewable energy targets.

Municipal World

Photo: Neil Ever Osborne, used with permission of Woodstock Hydro, 2015

When speaking with other political leaders about Oxford’s 100% RE pledge, Warden Mayberry says the idea is being met with more intrigue than skepticism. “What has surprised me the most is that I thought everyone would ask ‘How are you going to do it?’ What they are actually saying is ‘We’re looking for someone to follow.’ It isn’t just about technology, it’s about leadership. Somebody has to go first. They’re all looking for someone to have enough courage to say, ‘We’re going to do it, and learn as we go.’” Oxford County CAO Peter Crockett believes the ability for the community to learn from others is vital, whether it be Germany or York University, “To meet the goal of 100 percent renewable, we recognize a huge challenge is ahead. But, our eyes are wide open. We have an immense amount of confidence in our ability to meet the goal by learning from others; our provincial and federal partners, academia, and the rest of the world.” Jay Heaman, who has pioneered a number of renewable energy projects with Woodstock Hydro, says that, with new, emerging technology like energy storage now entering the picture, he can see a time in the not-too-distant future where it will be commonplace for our homes to not only produce, but to store and distribute electricity. Heaman recently told the Ontario Sustainable Energy Association, “Maybe, eventually, we will all generate all of the power we need for our homes, vehicles, and March 2016

heating. We will have the ability to share our power with our neighbours. Our cars will become power sources for our homes. We will reach a point where fossil fuels are no longer needed for heating and mobility.” To further the discussion within the community and the larger renewable energy sector, the Smart Energy Oxford website was launched at <www. smartenergyoxford.ca>. The site contains information about the 100% RE goal, while celebrating the early success stories and innovation taking place in the county. The “Future Oxford Expo,” held in January 2016, was aimed at energizing ideas into actions around the 100% RE goal and other sustainability initiatives.

Zero Waste Another ambitious target of the Future Oxford Community Sustainability Plan is a commitment to achieving “zero waste” by 2025. Becoming a zero waste community doesn’t mean the county plans to stop producing garbage altogether; but, it would spell an end to the county exporting its waste to other communities. Currently, the county exports 20,000 tonnes of waste on an annual basis, equivalent to about 40 percent of all waste generated in the community. A recent large-scale landfill proposal is one reason that the zero waste goal emerged from the sustainability plan. The Southwestern Ontario Landfill Proposal would see up to 850,000 tonnes

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While steps are being taken towards the 100 percent renewable energy and zero waste initiatives, protecting and restoring the ecosystem is another effort that has emerged ... of waste per year dumped within the county, in a mined quarry in Beachville. That’s nearly 10 times the annual waste that is currently produced within the county’s own borders. Public outcry over the landfill proposal was the impetus to begin looking at a sustainability plan as a tool to help the community shape and control its own destiny. The landfill proposal also happens to be on the border of Ingersoll, where Mayor Ted Comiskey has been leading the community’s charge, to not just say “No” to the landfill, but to take action to reduce their own waste output. “If we want to stop people from transporting waste into our community, we better first stop transporting our waste out of Oxford,” says Mayor Comiskey. While Oxford County already boasts one of the top waste diversion programs in the province (59 percent residential waste diversion in 2014), initiative needs to come from the industrial, commercial, and institutional sectors if the zero waste goal is to be achieved. The first step has been the formation of a zero waste committee that includes industrial, institutional, retail, and technology representatives. Mayor Comiskey says the waste that society is producing and landfilling today is a crucial issue for the future of our planet. “There are so many chemicals in our products now that are finding their way to our landfills that it’s going to be with us for many, many decades. The leachate from that garbage is going to be toxic. We have to think smart and start looking at how a product is produced and packaged.”

Tree Planting While steps are being taken towards the 100 percent renewable energy and zero waste initiatives, protecting and

restoring the ecosystem is another effort that has emerged from early work on the Future Oxford Community Sustainability Plan. A group has been formed that is aiming to plant 10,000 native trees per year, while targets around increasing tree cover and restoring grass and wetlands are under discussion. With all of these new plans taking root through the formation of committees and working groups, the question remains: Will the dream of sustainability transfer from the boardrooms to living rooms and factory floors within the county?

Warden Mayberry holds hope that the ever-rising price of consumption will lead to a jumping off point for a more sustainable way of living. “The biggest challenge to any change is the cultural shift and the behavioural change. The last two to three generations, we have lived in abundance, and everything has been cheap. We’ve become so accustomed to our current quality of life, we’ve forgotten that we started with less. But, I don’t think we’ve lost the pioneer spirit; we may doubt our ability to return, but our challenge is to regain that spirit.” MW

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March 2016

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March 2-4 – Globe conference and expo Vancouver BC. http://2016.globeseries.com March 3-5 – 18th National Metropolis Conference Toronto ON. http://metropolisconference.ca March 7-10 – Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities annual convention Regina SK. http://sarm.ca/events March 14-16 – AAMDC Spring 2016 Convention and Trade Show Edmonton AB. www. aamdc.com March 14-18 – International Green City Conference Vancouver BC. www.cnla-acpp.ca/ greencity April 3-5 – 2016 OMTRA Spring Training Seminar Niagara-on-the-lake ON. www.omtra. ca/events April 5-7 – North Central Local Government Management Association AGM and Conference Prince George BC. www.civicinfo.bc.ca April 5-8 – Parks and Recreation Ontario Educational Forum and Trade Show Blue Mountains ON. www.prontario.org April 6-8 – Economic Developers Alberta annual general meeting and conference Kananaskis AB. www.edaalberta.ca April 10-13 – Ontario Business Improvement Area Association conference London ON. www.obiaaconference.com April 12-14 – Adaptation Canada National Symposium on Climate Change Adaptation Ottawa ON. http://adaptationcanada2016.ca April 13-15 – Ontario Municipal Human Resources Association spring workshop Niagara Falls ON. www.omhra.ca/en/events April 17-19 – Canadian Public Sector Lean Summit Fredericton NB. www.cdnleansummit.ca

April 19-20 – Ontario Bike Summit Annual Conference Toronto ON. www.sharetheroad.ca/ ontario-bike-summit May 1-3 – BC Water & Wastewater Association Annual Conference Whistler BC. http:// bcwwa.org/events/annual-conference.html May 1-4 – Ontario’s Water Conference and Trade Show Windsor ON. www.owwa.ca/ conference May 4-6 – Ontario Small Urban Municipalities conference and trade show Goderich ON. www.osum.ca/Events May 5-7 – Municipalities of Newfoundland & Labrador Municipal Symposium 2016 Gander NL. www.municipalnl.ca May 11-13 – Federation of Northern Ontario Municipalities Annual Conference and General Meeting Timmins ON. www.fonom.org/ annual-conference May 12-15 – Association of Yukon Communities Annual General Meeting Watson Lake YK. www.ayc-yk.ca May 14-18 – Canadian Urban Transit Association Annual Conference Halifax NS. www. cutaactu.ca/en/eventsandawards/conferences.asp May 22-25 – American Public Works Association North American Snow Conference Hartford CT. www.apwa.net/Snow May 29-June 1 – OMSSA’s 2016 Leadership Symposium and annual general meeting Hamilton ON. www.omssa.com May 30-June 1 – Canadian Association of Municipal Administrators Annual Conference Winnipeg MB. www.camacam.ca/en/conference June 3-5 – Federation of Canadian Municipalities 2016 Annual Conference and Trade Show Winnipeg MB. www.fcm.ca/home/events/annualconference-and-trade-show.htm

June 7-8 – World Conference on Disaster Management (WCDM) 2016 Mississauga ON. www.wcdm.org June 7-9 – Saskatchewan Economic Development Association conference Swift Current SK. www.seda.sk.ca/html/seda-events June 8-11 – Canadian Ground Water Conference & Expo Niagara Falls ON. www.ogwa.ca/ cdngroundwaterexpo June 12-15 – Association of Municipal Managers, Clerks and Treasurers of Ontario annual general meeting and conference Niagara Falls ON. www.amcto.com June 21-23 – 2016 LGMA Conference and AGM Nanaimo BC. www.lgma.ca August 21-24 – National Institute of Governmental Purchasing (NIGP) forum National Harbor MD. www.nigp.org August 28-31 – American Public Works Association International Public Works Congress and Exposition Minneapolis MN. www.apwa.net/PWX September 11-14 – 2016 OMTRA Annual Conference Minett ON. September 14-16 – Ontario East Municipal Conference Kingston ON. www.oemc.ca September 14-16 – Ontario Municipal Human Resources Association Fall conference Alliston ON. www.omhra.ca/en/events September 26-30 – Union of British Columbia Municipalities Convention Vancouver BC. www.ubcm.ca October 5-7 – Alberta Urban Municipalities Association (AUMA) convention & AMSC trade show Edmonton AB. www.auma.ca October 20-22 – National Trust for Canada conference Hamilton ON. www.nationaltrustcanada.ca

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Roadmap to Success provides a checklist of fundamental components for successful planning, including: scanning the environment; establishing a clear vision; defining the end state; establishing mechanisms to measure progress; and creating ways to communicate success. March 2016

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