Module's - Murathan Alp Ozok by Murathan Alp Ozok

Mur at hanAl pOzok u1932450

Uni ver si t yofEastL ondon Uni t4 20192020

T ut or s: Ful vi oW i r z Bar bar aZandaval i

COURS EBRI E F

Uni t4i spa s s i ona t eda bouta c t i v e s ur f a c esa nds t r uc t ur a l s y s t emsus i ng phy s i c a l model l i nga ndpa r a met r i c e x per i ment st es t edwi t hdi gi t a l t ool s , f or a na l y s i s , f or ma l gener a t i ona nd f a br i c a t i on. Ourpr oj ec twor k , c r a f t ss ol ut i onst ha t i nt er pr etdes i gnv i s i onswhi c hr es pond i nt el l i gent l yt oi t senv i r onmenta nds i t wi t hi nt hewi derc ul t ur a l a nd i r onment a l c ont e x t . T hepr oc es s nds env i t sr oot si nt hei nnov a t i v emodul a rdes i gn a ppr oa c hswhi c ht r y i ngt oa v oi ds er i a l i t y a ndr epet i t ev enes sa nda l s oi nt heunder s t a ndi ngofma nuf a c t ur i nga nddi gi t a l f a br i c a t i onpr oc es s es . T hi sa l l owst os el ec t ma t er i a l sa ndpr oc es s eseďŹ&#x20AC;ec t i v el ys o i nnov a t i v ea ndi nt el l i gentdes i gns ol ut i ons emer gebyus i ngune x pec t ed, unc ommon ora da pt i v et ec hni quesa nds ma r t er des i gnmet hods . T hi sy ea r , uni t4ha se x pa nded t hr ought hec onc eptofmedi a t equea sa s ubj ec ta nddi gi t a l l onel i nes sha s x a mi nedwi t ht hei s s ueofs oc i a l a nd e i ndi v i dua l i nt er a c t i ons , whi c hi s i nv er s el ypr opor t i ona l t ot hec onv er genc e t odi gi t a l a ppr oa c hes . I nt hi sc ont e x t , how di gi t a l l onel i nes sc a nbepr ev ent edby r a t i ona l a ndi nnov a t i v edes i gndec i s i ons ha sbeeni nv es t i ga t ed.

CONT E NT S

18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S I T EANAL YS I S 1 914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POL E MI C2 1518. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DE S I GNS T RAT E GY 3 1936. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROT OTYPES T UDY 4 3742. . . . . . . . . . . . . DE S I GNDEVE L OPME NT 5 4358. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BUI L DI NGPROPOS AL 6 5966. . . . . . . . . . . F ABRI CAT I ONRE S E ARCH7 6772. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI S UAL I S AT I ONS 8

SI TEANAL YSI S

S I T EANAL YS I S

L i mehous e , nei ghbour hoodi nt he bor oughof T owerHa ml et si nt heE a s tE nd ofL ondon. T hena meoft hedi s t r i c t der i v esf r om t hel i mek i l nst ha twer eon t her i v er ba nka tl ea s ta sea r l ya st he14t h ent ur y . I nt he18t ha nd19t hc ent ur i es c L i mehous ef or medav i t a l c omponentof t hePor tofL ondon’ si nt er na t i ona l t r a de . T hel ur eofempl oy menti nt heL ondon Doc k l a ndsbr oughtma nyi mmi gr a nt st o t hea r ea . L i mehous e , whi c hha sbeenoneoft he mos ti mpor t a ntc ent er sofL ondonf ora l ongt i me , ha ss t a r t edt odev el opr a pi dl y t ha nk st oi t sha r bor sa nds oc ı a l a r ea s . L i mehous eha sgr ea tpot ent i a l f ors oc i a l i nt er a c t i onsi nt er msofi t ss oc i a l a r ea s , ha r bor s , hi s t or i c a l bui l di ngsa nd r a ns por t a t i onoppor t uni t i es . Des pi t ei t s t gr eena ndbl uenet wor k s , t her egi oni snot effic i entenought ous et hes ea r ea s a c c or di ngt opeopl ewhoa r el i v i ngi nt hi s bor ough. I nt hedes i gnpr oc es s , t her egi onwa s r s te x pl or edi nt er msofi t sl oc a t i on, popul a t i on, t r a ns por t a t i on, c l i ma t ea nd s oc i a l a r ea s , a ndi twa se x a mi nedwhy t hes ea r ea sc oul dnotbeus edeffic i ent l y des pi t et hepos s i bi l i t i es . Af t ert hes i t e a na l y s i s , i twa st houghthowt hepr opos a l t obedes i gnedher ewi l l i nc r ea s et he effic i enc yoft her egi ona c c or di ngt os oc i a l i nt er a c t i onsa ndhowi tc a npr oduc ea s ol ut i onf ort hea r ea st ha tc a nnotbeus ed a c c ur a t el y .

S I T EANAL YS I S

Ra di a t i on Ana l y s i s

S un Ana l y s i s

Wi nd Ana l y s i s

S I T EANAL YS I S

POL EMI C

POL E MI C

Af t ert hes i t ea na l y s i s , i tha sbeen r ea l i z edt ha tt her egi onha sgr ea t pot ent i a l i nt er msoft henumberof s t udent sa nds c hool shos t edbyt he r egi onc ompa r edt oE ngl a nda nd L ondon. T her ef or e , t hema j or i t yof t heus eofs oc i a l a r ea si nt her egi oni s t houghtt obebyt hi ss t udentgr oup. T r a ns por t a t i onmet hodsa ndl ei s ur e t i mea c t i v i t i esus edbyt hi sgr oup wi t hi nt her egi onwer ei nv es t i ga t ed. Ac c or di ngt ot her es ul t s , news pa c e s ugges t i onsha v ebeendev el opedf or t hes es t udent swi t hi nt hepr opos a l t o bedes i gned. Byc r ea t i ng; meet i ng, c ommuni t y , i nt er a c t i on, c ounc i l a ndwor k i ng v enues , i ti sa i medt oens ur et ha tt he s t udentgr oupa c t i v el yus est he bui l di ng. Wi t ht hea c t i v eus eoft he t a r geta udi enc e , i ti sa i medt or ev i v e notonl yt hebui l di ngbuta l s ot he gr eena ndbl uea x eswhi c ht heywi l l us ewhi l et r a ns por t a t i onpr oc es s , a nd t hebui l di ngi si nt endedt oa c ta sa c a t a l y s twi t har ev i t a l i z i ngf ea t ur eon beha l foft her egi on. Att hes a me t i me , i tha sbeent houghthowt he t a r geta udi enc es houl dus et he c r ea t eds pa c est obedes i gnedt o c r ea t es oc i a l c onnec t i onswi t ht he gener a l us er sa ndempl oy eegr oup.

POL E MI C

Pr opor t i onofPupi l swi t hS t a t ement s

S c hool Popul a t i ons

POL E MI C

STUDENT GROUP

GENERAL GROUP

EMPL OYEE GROUP

POL E MI C

DESI GN STRATEGY

Through civil liberty, the access to information and knowledge was democratised step by step. The older the existence of libraries got, the more information became available. First, it has just became accessable to scholars, then civil society, respectively to the middle class, labor and children. in the last decades, the democracy of information increased and as a consequence of this, accesibility to knowledge and wisdom became much easier and faster. Hence, the digital media has started to operate on a global level and the digital information became the main source as the connector to worldwide knowledge and research. Whereelse, at the same time, physical libraries had to serve more on a communal level to connect, inform and entertain citizens. The library as an architectural type has always been a connecting facility. lsolated from its surroundings, the task of a library has always been mainly enabling its visitors' access to knowledge and therefore to connect them to the world. in this context, the design strategy of this project aims to prevent digital loneliness by connecting users not only to the community and nature but alsa to the world. By using the benefits of modular design, it aims not only to one specific site but alsa other sites around the world. These mediatheques will be formed with different combinations of several hybrid modules which have various assemlbly options. This system has an ideology of generating interactions among different mediateques and the methodology of this idea has became possible by recruiting students as interns, consequently; training them as employees. With the help of this system, worldwide exchanges were planned between different variations of the same content to prevent loneliness. Thanks to this exchange system between other mediateques, it is aimed to connect users to the world. Thus, the module to be designed, makes it possible to reconsider the concept of the library and keep up with the digital age. Thanks to the connections between unlimited design variations that it has come together in different forms while it is dysfunctional alone.

DE S I GNS T RAT E GY

PROTOTYPESTUDY

PROT OTYPES T UDY

As oa pl mi sf or medbyi mmer s i ngt he met a l wi r ei nt oas oa ps ol ut i onbys ubt r a c t i nga c l os eds pa c ec ur v e . Na t ur es ol v est hi s ma t hema t i c a l ques t i onbyha v i ngt hel ea s ts ur f a c ea r eaf oragi v enbounda r y . Amonga l l pos s i bl es ur f a c esf ort hi spa r t i c ul a rf r a me , t he s oa pl mi st hel ea s ts ur f a c ea r ea . Deep ma t hema t i c a l pr obl emsl i ei nt het heor yoft hi s s ur f a c e . T hi sa r eaofma t hema t i c si st het heor yof mi ni ma l s ur f a c esdev el opedr ec ent l y . Att he ba s i soft hi st heor y , wec a ni nv es t i ga t e membr a nesi nl i v i ngc el l s , c a pi l l a r yphenomena , pol y merc hemi s t r y , c r y s t a l l ogr a phy . Mi ni ma l s ur f a c esc a na l s obeus edi nt he el dof a r c hi t ec t ur e . F ormor et ha n200y ea r s , ma t hema t i c i a nsha v ebeene x pl or i ngt hi s ques t i onofna t ur e . T hema i na r ea sof ma t hema t i c st ha tc ont r i but et ot hemi ni mum s ur f a c et heor ya r edi ďŹ&#x20AC;er ent i a l geomet r y , c ompl e xa na l y s i s , t heor yofpa r t i a l di ďŹ&#x20AC;er ent i a l equa t i onsa ndc a l c ul usofv a r i a t i ons . Wi t ht hehel pofdev el opi ngt ec hnol ogy a ndc omput er sr ec ent l y , gr ea tpr ogr es sha sbeen a c hi ev ed, a si nma nyot hera r ea s . T hi snew t ec hnol ogyha sa l l owedr es ea r c her st ogr owt he mi ni ma l s ur f a c ef a mi l ya ndv a l i da t eol di dea s , s eeol da bs t r a c tk nownmi ni mum s ur f a c es , c ha nget hem, a ndc hec kt hei rpr oper t i es . Cont i nui ngt heor et i c a l r es ea r c hha sl edt ot he f ur t herdev el opmentofmi ni ma l s ur f a c esi nt he el dofa r c hi t ec t ur e . T hes et heor i es , whi c hha v e beenc ont i nuous l ydev el opeds i nc et he16t h c ent ur y , wer eus edf ors t r uc t ur ea na l y s i sby us i ngt hem f ort he r s tt i mei nc omput er s . Mi ni ma l s ur f a c esa r ephy s i c a l l yv er ys t a bl e , t hey ha v ema nya dv a nt a gesf ort hei rus ea s s t r uc t ur es , a ndt ha nk st oc omput erdr a wi ngsi n t he el dofa r c hi t ec t ur e , t heyha v et hepos s i bi l i t y ofa da pt a t i ont obot he x t er na l a ndi nt er na l s t r uc t ur es .

PROT OTYPES T UDY

S i nc et hes ur f a c est ha tmi ni mi z et he a r eal oc a l l ya r emi ni ma l s ur f a c es , t he s ma l l es tpa r ti nt hi sdi r ec t i onha st he s ma l l es ta r eat oe x c eedt hebounda r yof t ha tpa r ta ndt hepr i nc i pl ec ur v a t ur esa nd a v er a gec ur v a t ur esa ta nys el ec t edpoi nt oft hes es ur f a c esa r ea l wa y sz er o. I nt he 19t hc ent ur y , t hebubbl ee x per i mentof phy s i c i s tJ . Pl a t ea uha si nc r ea s edi n r es ea r c hi nt hi sa r ea , a ndt her ef or ema ny newmi ni ma l s ur f a c eswer ef oundby ma t hema t i c i a ns . T hi sdeni t i ona ns wer st ot hePl a t ea u pr obl em pr opos edbyL a gr a ngei n1760: i f ac l os edpol y gonorobl i quepl a nei s a s s i gned, t hent her ei sa l wa y sas y s t em of s ur f a c es , i nc l udi nga l l pos s i bl es ur f a c es t ha tt ouc ht hef r a me , whi c ha r ea bl et o mi ni mi s et hea r ea . I ti spos s i bl et os ee mi ni ma l ener gywa s t a geormi ni mum a c t i onr ul e , whi c hi soneoft hephy s i c a l r ul esofna t ur e , onmi ni ma l s ur f a c es , a nd a l s os t a t est ha ta nyphy s i c a l c on gur a t i on under t a k est hes t a t eorpa t hoft heener gy r equi r ementt oa mi ni mum. T hes ha pef or medi ns oa pl ms mi ni mi z est hepot ent i a l ener gyequa l i z i ng t hei nt er mol ec ul a rf or c ei sdi r ec t l y pr opor t i ona l t ot hes ur f a c ea r eaoft hes e s ur f a c es . T hi smea nst ha tt hemi ni ma l s ur f a c eeďŹ&#x192;c i ent l yc ombi ness t r uc t ur ea nd ma t er i a l byor ga ni ca l i gnmentoff or c ea nd f or m.

PROT OTYPES T UDY

Mi ni ma l s ur f a c est ha tr epl i c a t eper i odi c a l l y i nt hr eei ndependentdi r ec t i onsa r ena medt r i pl y per i odi cmi ni ma l s ur f a c es( T PMS ) . T hes e s ur f a c esha v et hepos s i bi l i t yofi n ni t er epet i t i on i nt hr eedi mens i ona l s pa c ebyr ot a t i ng, mi r r or i nga nddupl i c a t i ng. T hes epa r a t i onof s ur f a c esi nt ot woi n ni t el a by r i nt hr egi onsi s c ha r a c t er i s t i coft hes es ur f a c es , whi c hi sduet o t hef a c tt ha ti tha sac r y s t a l l ogr a phi cs y mmet r y gr oup. T hedes c r i pt i onoft r i pl eper i odi cmi ni ma l s ur f a c esi sa na s y mmet r i c a l uni toraba s i cpa t c h wher ea l l s ur f a c esc a nc omet oget hert ha nk st o s y mmet r yel ement s . I tc a nbec onc l udedt ha t c onc ent r a t el oa dsa r enots uppor t eda tt hes a me l ev el a ta l l poi nt sont hes es ur f a c eswi t h di ffer entc ur v a t ur es . Att hes a met i me , when t hes es ur f a c esa r ea s s oc i a t edwi t haper i odi c di s t r i but i on, t hi sc ompens a t or yeffec t , whi c h s i gnic a nt l yi nc r ea s ess t r uc t ur a l effic i enc y , i s a c hi ev edbyphy s i c a l i t er a t i onbet weent he modul es . T hes es ur f a c eswi t hz er oa v er a gec ur v a t ur e a r ef r equent l yenc ount er edi nna t ur e . Al t hough t hes es ur f a c esf a c es omer es t r i c t i onsa tr s t , t heya r et hes ur f a c est ha tc a nmi ni mi z et he s ur f a c ea r ea . T hephy s i c a l equi v a l entoft hes e s ur f a c esi st hei mmer s i onoft hewi r er odi nt o t hes ol ut i ona ndt hec r ea t i onoft hes ur f a c e , t he l i mi ti st hef or ma t i onoft hewi r ef r a mes ur f a c e a ndt hes ur f a c eha smi ni mum ener gy . T hewa y t or educ et hi smi ni ma l ener gyi st ot hi nkoft he s ur f a c ea sa nel a s t i cr ubbermembr a ne , a ndi n t hi sc a s et hemi ni ma l s ur f a c er epr es ent st hec a s e whent her ubbermembr a nei smos tr el a x ed. T r i pl yper i odi cmi ni ma l s ur f a c esha v i ngbeen not iedi nbi ol ogi c a l membr a nes , bl oc k c opol y mer s , equi pot ent i a l s ur f a c esi nc r y s t a l s a ndet c . T he r s te x a mpl esof T PMSwer et he s ur f a c esdes c r i bedbyS c hwa r zi n1865, f ol l owed byas ur f a c edes c r i bedbyhi ss t udentNeov i usi n 1883. I n1970Al a nS c hoen, at henNAS A s c i ent i s t , des c r i bed12mor eT PMS , a ndi n1989 H. Ka r c herpr ov edt hei re x i s t enc e .

PROT OTYPES T UDY

L i k emos tmoder na r c hi t ec t s , one ofF r ei Ot t o' sma i nc onc er nswa st o pa s sgr ea t ers pa nswi t hl es sma t er i a l a ndener gy . T hi sr es ea r c hl edhi mt o s t udyl i ghts t r uc t ur es . T her es ul t sof hi se x per i ment sa ndr es ea r c heswer e bot ht het heor yofmi ni ma l s t r uc t ur es a ndma nyi nnov a t i v edes i gns . F r ei Ot t o, a ni nnov a t i v ea nd r ev ol ut i ona r ya r c hi t ec t , i sapi oneeri n t hi s el dwi t hhi se x per i ment si nt he c r ea t i onofmoder na ndl i ghtt ent l i k e s t r uc t ur es . F r ei Ot t oha sr ea l i z edhi s wor kbye x per i ment i ngwi t hmodel s . I nhi se x per i ment s , hef oc us ed s us pendi ngs oa pl ma nddr oppi nga l oopeds t r i ngi nt oi tt of or m aper f ec t c i r c l e . Byt hent r y i ngt opul l t hes t r i ng outami ni ma l s ur f a c ewa sc r ea t ed. T hee x per i ment swer ei n uenc ed byGa udi â&#x20AC;&#x2122; sc a t ena r yc ha i nmodel s us edt oc r ea t et heS a gr a daF a mi l i a . T hes ee x per i ment swer emea ntt o c r ea t es t r a t egi esf orc a l c ul a t i ng t wodi mens i ona l c i t yi nf r a s t r uc t ur e , a swel l a st hr eedi mens i ona l c a nc el l ousbones t r uc t ur es . T hes e s t udi esc a nnowbedonewi t h s i mul a t i onswi t ht hehel pof c omput er a i deddes i gn, a ndt hes e e x per i ment sa r ea c c ept eda st he a na l ogueba s i sf orc a l c ul a t i ona nd f or m ndi ng.

PROT OTYPES T UDY

T hef oc usoft hi spa r toft he r es ea r c hi st oe x a mi ne4mi ni ma l s ur f a c est ha tha v ebeenpr ev i ous l y s el ec t eda nda r ec ons i der ed c a ndi da t esf orf ur t herr es ea r c h, whi c h a r ec ons i der edt oha v epot ent i a l f or a r c hi t ec t ur a l us e . T hes es ur f a c esa r eS c hoenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; s Gy r oi d, S c hoenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; sP A( Ba t wi ng) , S c hwa r t zPS ur f a c ea ndKBr a k k e x pl a ne . I nt he r s ts t ep, t her ea s on He f orc hoos i ngt hes es ur f a c eswa st hei r pot ent i a l t oc r ea t eopen, c l os eda nd s emi opena r ea sa nda l s ot he pot ent i a l f ori nc l udi nga r c hi t ec t ur a l el ement ss uc ha s oor s , c ol umnsa nd wa l l swhi c ha r enec es s a r yf orus ei n t hea r c hi t ec t ur a l a r ea .

PROT OTYPES T UDY

Oneoft hema i nr ea s onswhyt r i pl y per i odi cmi ni ma l s ur f a c esha sgr ea t pot ent i a l i nt he el dofa r c hi t ec t ur ei si t s modul a r i t y . Cons i der i ngt ha tmodul a r i t y a ndr epea t a bi l i t ya r eoneoft hebi gges t c onc er nsf ora r c hi t ec t ss oi twi l l beea s i er t ounder s t a ndt hei mpor t a nc eoft hes e s ur f a c esi nt hea r c hi t ec t ur a lel d. I n c l a s s i c a l t i mes , modul a r i t ywa sha ndl ed t hr ough v epl a t oni cs ol i ds( t hec ube , oc t a hedr on, t et r a hedr on, i c os a hedr ona nd dodec a hedr on) a nds pher es , a l l oft hem bec a met heba s i cuni t s . Numer ous a r i a t i onsa nddi v er s i t yoft r i pl yper i odi c v mi ni ma l s ur f a c esha v egr ea ti mpor t a nc e t of ull l di ďŹ&#x20AC;er enta r c hi t ec t ur a l f unc t i ons . I t sc ont i nui t yt ot hea r eaf or medont hes e s ur f a c esa ndt hedeni t i onofs pl endi d hor i z ont a l pa r a l l el s pa c esa r ea l s oi t s a dv a nt a gesi na r c hi t ec t ur e . I nt r i pl y per i odi cmi ni ma l s ur f a c es ,v epl a t oni c s ol i dsa c c eptt heba s ea nds t a r tapa t c h c ont r ol l edbyt hem a ndr ea c ht hei r na l s ha pe . Al s ooneoft her ema r k a bl ef ea t ur es oft r i pl yper i odi cmi ni ma l s ur f a c esi st ha ta v er ys i mpl es ur f a c ec r ea t ese x t r emel y c ompl e xs t r uc t ur esa sar es ul tof epet i t i ons . r I nt hes ec onds t ep, t hes es ur f a c es e x a mi nedt hr ought hei rmodul a r i t y , c onnec t i v i t y , por os i t ya nd ui di t yl ev el . T hes ec ons t r a i nsa r es el ec t edt o ndt he mos teďŹ&#x192;c i entmi ni ma l s ur f a c et o c onv er t i nga sa na r c hi t ec t ur a l el ement . At t hes a met i me , c ur v a t ur ea na l y z eswer e c a r r i edoutt omea s ur et hepot ent i a l oft he s ur f a c est oc r ea t ea r c hi t ec t ur a l s pa c es a c c or di ngt ot hei rc ur v a t ur ei nt hei r s ur f a c es .

PROT OTYPES T UDY

Modul a r i t y : Modul a r i t yi soneoft hemos t i mpor t a ntf ea t ur esoft r i pl yper i odi c mi ni ma l s ur f a c es . I nt he el dof a r c hi t ec t ur e , modul a r i t ypl a y sa n a c t i v er ol ei nt hedes i gna nd pr oduc t i onpha s e . T r i pl yper i odi c mi ni ma l s ur f a c esha v et hea dv a nt a ge ofdeni ngt hedes i r eda r eanotonl y byr epea t i ngt he na l pr oduc t , butby r epea t i ngi t s el fwi t ht hei rba s i cpa t c h wi t hdi ďŹ&#x20AC;er entt r a ns l a t i ons , r ot a t i ons a nds c a l esT hi spha s ei si mpor t a nt f r om t hebegi nni ngs t a gef orc r ea t i ng t henec es s a r ypr ogr a ma nds pa c es . Repl i c a t i nga ndr epr oduc i ngt y pi c a l modul a runi t shel pst hebr ea k i ngof ha r ds y mmet r i c a l s ur f a c es . I nt er msofmodul a r i t y , t he unl i mi t edr epr oduc t i onf ea t ur ei nt he t hr eedi mens i ona l s pa c eoft r i pl y per i odi cmi ni ma l s ur f a c esi soneof t hef ea t ur est ha ta r c hi t ec t sc a n benetmos t . T he4s ur f a c ess el ec t ed f orpr el i mi na r yr es ea r c hha v es i mi l a r a dv a nt a gesi nt er msofmodul a r i t y , butKBr a k k eHe x l a nei sones t ep a hea di npr oduc i ngdeneda nd us ef ul a r ea sa f t erdupl i c a t i on, c ompa r edt oot her s .

PROT OTYPES T UDY

Connec t i v i t y : Apa r tf r om modul a r i t y , t he c onnec t i v i t yi soneoft hemos t i mpor t a ntc ha r a c t er i s t i c sofmi ni ma l s ur f a c es . T heunl i mi t edj oi ni ng r i pl yper i odi cmi ni ma l pos s i bi l i t i esoft s ur f a c esi nt hr eedi mens i ona l s pa c e c r ea t epot ent i a l sf ort hec onnec t i on bet weent hem. T hes es ur f a c es , whi c h r epr oduc ea tl ea s tonepoi nt , l i neor s ur f a c ei nc ont a c twi t hea c hot her , c a ndenedi ďŹ&#x20AC;er entc ombi na t i ons f r om t hes t a r t i ngpa t c ha nda sar es ul t oft hes ec ombi na t i ons , t heyc a n c r ea t ea r c hi t ec t ur a l l ydeneda r ea s . T hec onnec t i onbet weent hes e c r ea t ed el dsi sdeepl yr el a t edt o wher ea ndhowt heya r ec onnec t ed. T ha nk st oi t sba s i cs ha pe , S c hwa r zP S ur f a c epr ov i desmor eeďŹ&#x192;c i ent j oi ni ngi nt hi sa r eac ompa r edt o ot her s . T her ea s onf ort hi si st ha tt he c onnec t i oni tf or mswi t ht heot her s ur f a c et ha twi l l c omene x tt ot hi s s ur f a c ec ons i s t sofac l os eds ha pe , a ndt her ef or et hea r eai tdenesi n c onnec t i onwi t ht hec onnec t i oni s l i mi t edbyas i ngl el i ne .

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Por os i t y : Whent hes el ec t eds ur f a c esa r e c ons i der edi nt er msofpor os i t y , i ti s s eent ha tea c hha sdi ﬀer entr es ul t s . T her ea s onf ort hi si st hedi v er s i t yof t hev ol umesoft hes ur f a c esf or med t obondt oea c hot her . T hi sv a r i et y ha sdi ﬀer entr es ul t sa ndpot ent i a l sf or ea c hs ur f a c e . T hepor os i t yf ea t ur eoft he mi ni ma l s ur f a c esena bl ess pa t i a l c onnec t i onsi nt er msofa r c hi t ec t ur e a swel l a ss el ec t i v ev i s ua l c onnec t i ons wi t hi nt hea r ea s . S c hoen’ sGy r oi da nd S c hoen’ sBa t wi ngs ur f a c esha v emor e pos s i bi l i t i est ha not hers ur f a c esi n t er msofpor os i t y , butKBr a k k e x pl a nea l s oha spot ent i a l i nt hi s He r ega r d.

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F l owa bi l i t y : F l owa bi l i t yofs pa c ei ns i deof mi ni ma l s ur f a c ei sa l s oa ni mpor t a nt f ea t ur e . S i nc et hec ur v a t ur eofI ti s oneoft hef ea t ur est ha tdeepl ya ďŹ&#x20AC;ec t t hequa l i t yoft hes pa c ewher e ui di t y i sc r ea t edi na r c hi t ec t ur a l l ydened a r ea s . Mi ni ma l s ur f a c esa l s oc ont a i n ma nya dv a nt a gesi n owa bi l i t y . T ha nk st oi t sper mea bl es ur f a c e , i t c r ea t esav a r i et yf ort heba s i c el ement sus edi nt hea r c hi t ec t ur a l el d. S i nc et hec ur v a t ur eofea c h poi nti sz er oonmi ni ma l s ur f a c es , i t owsc ont i nuous l ya nd l l st hes pa c e . T heus eoft r a di t i ona l a r c hi t ec t ur a l el ement sdoesnota ppl y t ot hes es ur f a c es . T heonepi ec e s t r uc t ur eoft hema i nuni t sr equi r es c ons i der i ngt hes et r a di t i ona l el ement sa sonepi ec e , a ndha ndl i ng t hem a sas i ngl ei nt er r el a t eds y s t em. T her ef or e , ont hes es ur f a c es , i tc a nbe t houghtt ha tt hes pa c ei s c ont i nuous l yt r a ns f er r edf r om one s pa c et oa not herbyas er i esof wea v i ng. Al t houghi tha st hemos t ui di t ywi t hS c hoensGy r oi dduet o i t si ndent edpr ot r udi ngs t r uc t ur ei n t er msofui di t y , KBr a k k eHe x pl a ne c a nbec ons i der eda st hemos t a dv a nt a geousi nt hi sr ega r d.

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T hema i nr ea s onwhymi ni ma l s ur f a c esha v ea r c hi t ec t ur a l s i gnic a nc ei st hei rma t hema t i c a l l y i nher entr a t i osa ndpr oper t i es . T he gr ea t es tpot ent i a l soft hes es ur f a c es a r e; s t r uc t ur a l effic i enc y , effic i enc y ma t er i a l di s t r i but i ona ndov er a l l a r ea mi ni mi z a t i on. T ha nk st ot hes e pot ent i a l s , t hes ema t hema t i c a l s ur f a c esha v ea t t r a c t edt hea t t ent i on ofa r c hi t ec t sa ndma nyr es ea r c hes ha v ebeenma deoni t . T he4di ffer ent mi ni ma l s ur f a c ess el ec t edi nt he pr ev i ouss t a gesa r edi s c us s edi n t er msoft hei r owa bi l i t y , por os i t y , c onnec t i v i t ya ndmodul a r i t yf ea t ur es . Att hi ss t a ge , t hei rs t a bl e s t r uc t ur esi nt hephy s i c a l c ont e x t , whi c ha r eoneoft hei rmos t i mpor t a ntf ea t ur es , wer ee x a mi ned. Cons i der i ngt ha tea c hs ur f a c eha s di ffer enta dv a nt a gesa nd di s a dv a nt a ges ,ndi ngt hemos t effic i enta mongt hem i st hema i n pur pos eoft hi sr es ea r c h. T he a t t i t udesoft hes es ur f a c esbya c ons t a ntpr es s ur ea ppl i edf r om t he out s i dewer ee x a mi neda ndt he a r c hi t ec t ur a l benet sofs t a bi l i t ywer e i nv es t i ga t ed.

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DESI GN DEVEL OPMENT

DE S I GNDEVE L OPME NT

I nt hi spa r toft her es ea r c h, t he pa t t er nsc r ea t edbyc ombi ni ngt he j ux t a pos i t i onofkbr a k k ehe x pl a ne , whi c h i sc ons i der edt obemos ts ui t a bl ef or a r c hi t ec t ur a l us ea sar es ul toft he x a mi na t i onsma dei nt hepr ev i ouss t a ge , e a r ee x a mi ned. T hes epa t t er nswer ema de t ounder s t a ndt hepot ent i a l sofmi ni ma l s ur f a c esf orc i r c ul a t i onoppor t uni t i es . T hen, t hec i r c ul a t i onc ha r t st ha the x pl a ne c r ea t edbot hont hes a me oora ndondi f f er ent oor swer ee x a mi nedf ort hene x t s t a ges . I ti spos s i bl et odi v i det hemi ni ma l s ur f a c ei nt os ma l l ermodul esduet oi t s per i odi cc ha r a c t er i s t i c , a ndbyc ombi ni ng t hes epa r t swi t hdi ffer entc oher enc er ul es , v a r i ouss pa t i a l s ea r c hesa r et r i edt obe s ol v ed. T hes ma l l es tmodul ei sc ombi ned wi t h6di ffer entc ombi ni ngr ul est o r es pondt odi ffer ents pa t i a l nec es s i t i es . By c ombi ni ngt hes ma l l es tmodul ef r om t he j oi nt s , t hepa t t er ni tc r ea t edwa se x a mi ned a ndi t sa ggr ega t i ona l pot ent i a l swer e c ons i der ed. T her ea s onf ort hi si st oc r ea t e di ffer ents pa t i a l v a r i a t i onswi t ht heus eof t hes a memodul e . I nt hene x ts t ep, i twa st houghthow t hemodul es , whi c hc omet oget herwi t h di ffer entr ul es , c a nbeputt oget hermor e effic i ent l ybyper f or mi ngs t r es st es t sa nd c ur v a t ur ea na l y z es . F i na l l y , ac onc ept ua l a ggr ega t i onwa sdes i gnedt ogr a s pt he s pa c esa ndj oi ni ngpos s i bi l i t i esc r ea t edby t hes er ul es .

DE S I GNDEVE L OPME NT

BUI L DI NG PROPOSAL

BUI L DI NGPROPOS AL

Att hi ss t a geoft hedes i gn, i ti st o dec i dehowt hemodul esc ome t oget herwi t hdi ffer entr ul es det er mi nedbyc ons i der i ngt heda t a obt a i nedi npr ev i ouspr oc es s es . I n t hi spr oc es sofa ggr ega t i on, a s t r a t egyha sbeendet er mi nedwhi c h mov esf r om bi gmodul est os ma l l modul es . T her ea s onf ort hi si st o c r ea t eawa yofc ombi ni ngi n a c c or da nc ewi t ht hepr ogr a m s c hedul edet er mi neda c c or di ng t ot heneedsoft het a r geta udi enc e , whi c hi sdi v i dedi nt ot hr eema i nus er gr oups : s t udent , gener a l a nd empl oy ee . T hema s soft hebui l di ngwa s s y mbol i z edwi t hc ubesa ndma s s dec i s i onswer ema de . Apa r tf r om t hi s v a r i a t i on, ot herma s sopt i onswi t h di ffer entv er t i c a l a ndhor i z ont a l l a y outs t r a t egi esa r es hown. T hi si s bec a us et os howt hedi ffer ent opt i onst ha tc a nbec r ea t edwi t ht he s ma l l es tmodul e . L a s t l y , t hr eedi ffer entmodul es wher et hes t r uc t ur ei sf or meda r e s howna ndi ti st houghthowt o c ombi net hes emodul esf ort he f a br i c a t i onpha s e .

BUI L DI NGPROPOS AL

F ABRI CATI ON RESEARCH

F ABRI CAT I ONRE S E ARCH

I nt hel a s ts t a geoft hedes i gn, i t wa sc ons i der edwhi c hma t er i a l a nd howt opr oduc et hi ss t r uc t ur e , whi c h c ons i s t sofonl yt hr eedi ffer entpa r t s f orf a br i c a t i on. Ama t er i a l r es ea r c hwa s c onduc t edt o ndt hemos ts ui t a bl e ma t er i a l a ndi twa sdec i ded t ha tt heul t r ahi ghper f or ma nc e c onc r et e( uhpc ) i st hemos teffic i ent ma t er i a l f ort hi spr oc es s . Af a br i c a t i onpr opos a l wa sma de t ouni t et hemodul esa mong t hems el v esa ndwi t ht hef ounda t i on oft hes t r uc t ur e . T hes y s t em c r ea t ed i nt hi sent i r epr oduc t i onpha s ei s a i medt ooper a t ea sa na ut oma t ed s y s t em. I nt hi swa y , i twi l l bepos s i bl e t ous et hes a memodul esa ndt he s a mepr oduc t i ont ec hni quef or di ffer entdes i gnopt i ons .

F ABRI CAT I ONRE S E ARCH

VI SUAL I SATI ONS

VI S UAL I S AT ONS

VI S UAL I S AT I ONS

VI S UAL I S AT ONS

VI S UAL I S AT I ONS

VI S UAL I S AT ONS

VI S UAL I S AT I ONS