O.S.J.J. Annual Report, 1878 by Museum of the Order of St John

~- --- - - -

REPORT OF THE CHAPTER ,,) ' 'I'IIL

©xber of ~f. cmnQn of cm£r1t~nI£nt in ®nglnnh: READ AND ADOPTED AT THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY,

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15apti~t'~

1878.

IDap,

(I)

AID TO TH E IN J U RED.

ORDER OF T.

JOII~

OF JERUSALE}I IN ENGLAND.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

ANNUAL REPORT OF

OENTRAL <LIJClirmctlt. SIR ED~LXD A. II. LECIIMERE, B).. RT., M.P ., F . .A.. ( ecretary all(l Receiver, Order of t. J olm)

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<cgainHnlt.

MA.JOR FRAXCI' DO,CAN, R.A., M.A.., D . . L., LL.D. (Director of the A.mbulance Department, Order of l. J ohu; "Vice-Ohairman, V\- oolwich Oentre. LIONEL . BE\LE, E ~ Q., M.D., F.R. . A.XDFORD MOORE, E Q., l\LB., F . . S . Rl'"I'ERT C. }T. D .\LLA , E Q. (·urgeon,.A.:\I.D.; In tructor,.A.H .O.) IE TrrOllA DICK-L.\T:DER, B \RT. A..II.lRFORDPE.\R oX,E Q., LA..,B.O.L. TilE RIGIIT lIox. TIIE E.lRL OF DCDLET (Ohairman, Metropolitan Oentre). (Prebidcl1t, ,Yorcester Oentre). OAPTA.IN II. O. PERRor.r, (A.s istant PIIILIP FlUNK, E 'Q., M.D. Sccre\.[1ry, Order of t. John). JOII N FURLEY, ESQ. THE RIGIIT HON. THE EARL OF ST. GERALiNS, (President, Woolwich THE RmIIT liON. TlIEEARL OF GL.\SGOW, (President, Metropolitan Centre). Centre). TnOllLiS LONGMORE, ESQ., O.B. (ur· A.. JULIUS POLLOCK, 'ESQ., M.D. geon-General, Army Medical DepartJ. II. PORTER, E ~ Q. ( urgeon-Major, ment). Army Medical Departmel.t) . WILLIAM M.A.COORM.lC, ESQ., M.A., EDW RD H. "IET'EKING, ESQ., LD. F.R.O. . OU.\RUS HRIMPTO£, E ' Q., M.D. ROBERT 1\V,CLEA lVLwLE~\N, E Q. 'l'EW.lRT SUTlIERL.AND, E Q. W. G. N. MANLEY, E q., V.O. (urgeon· GEXER.H TIIE VISCOUNT TE~PLETOWN, Major, Army redical Departmenl). K.O.B. LIEUT.-OOLONEL GOULD WESTON, F.S.A.

<Cgief

~cctctnrll'

OAPT.\IN IIER UERT O. PERROTT.

The Chancel'Y, St. John's Gate, CleTl.;enwell, L ondon, E .C. St. J ohn's DaH, 187 .

CONTENT8.

'ECTlON A,

Formation of Oentres of Instl'ucLion

\\oolwich

Lonuon

Sevenoak

Muiu tonc

\\orc:c ·Ler

La,euder lIill ' ,

Mah"cl'n

Southampton

Oorrespondence a to

SECTION B.

SECTION C.

SECTION D,

SECTION E.

PAGE

Aid to the Injured in Pcace

~~c1ditiOllal

Centres

Cardiff, ,

P0rtsmouth

Brighton

Tewark

Abel' ..leen

Chestt'rfielu

Sheffield

Richmond

Dublin, •

Aid to the Sick and 'Wounded in War

Registration

Alliance with .A..rm) Medical Department

London Hospitals . .

Co-operation in Peace

Oo-operation in War

Materiel

Distribution of Additional Wheeled Littcrs

of Strctchers .•

of Oharts, Bandage;:, Splints, &c.

22 23

Summary A

:& E

0:& T.

AMBULANCE CO :MUITTEE, ORDER OF ST. JOHN.

z~A

Section A.- AID TO THE INJURED IN PEACE. The revival of the lIo. pitaller \'iTork of the Ordcr on a some"hat extended cale aud Ullder the ,'UperVl.lOn of a Central Ambulance Com::nittce compo .. ed exclusively of its member~. wa decided upon at the General As embly ill 1877. The=succes. which has attended this revival has been as signal as it ha been rapid; and it i. proposed in this Report to trace in a narratiYe form the. preading of Ambulance ,York in England, ullder the control of the Order, dm·iug the past six months . Thl. periotl covers the formation and working of every existing Celltr ; the month. between St. J ohn s Day and December, 1 '77 haying been devoted to the con ideration and elaboration of RU ·h a scheme of work as wou1d combine practical autonomy in the ,Tariou Centres with eli tinct supervision and authority in the {entral ommittee of the Order. It may be at once stated that thi happy combination ha been attained. The fir t Cl!lltre opened wa in ,Vooh vich, where the mixture of the civilian and military elcments, and the exi tence of a large and illtelEgent body of artisans in the Royal Arsenal, offered Rpccinl advantages. A y ry r epresentative Committee was formed, of the following members :-

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OE~TRE.

RT. IlON. TilE E.ARL OF ST. GElI.MANS.

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LOCAL C01\DIITTEE A D ST.AFF, WOOL WICIl DISTRICT. LOCAL EXECUTI VE COJrJIITTEE.

1 ~

Lieut.-Colonel W. Noel Waller, R.A., Chairman. Mfljor F. Demean, R.A., M .A. ) D .C.L., LL.D ., Deputy· Chairman. The lIon. and Rev. A. A. Anson, M .A.. Major U . B. de 13. Barnett, 1 tAd. Bde., Kent ill·tillery Volunteers. Lieut.-Colonel W. R. Buek, 26th Kent Royalill·scnal Rifle VolunLeers. Rev. R. H. Bulloek, M.A. Rev. R. A. Corbett, M.A. Rev. II. IIir eh. Lieut.-Colonel II. M. Hozier,F.G.S., lOth Kent Royal Arsenal A.rlil. VolunLeers.

Captain Ja. C. Lowrie, Adjt. 211cl l\IidcUe ex Artillery Volunteers. R. MacLean UaeLean, Esq. Dr. P. Ptmis. Surgeon-Major Peter hepherd, M.13., A.M.D. Rev. Dr. Raitt, D.D. J. Naylor Stephens, Esq. Captain L. V. Swaine, Rifle Brigade. Rev. James White, M.A. Captain E. Woolleombe, R.A. Captain II. C. Perrott, E.K.M., H OIl. Secretary.

Woolwi<:h.

6 LADIES'

COM)IJTTEF:.

l\Ii :; Miss Irs. Irs. 11'•. Uis

Mrs. Duncan. Miss Duncan. ~Irs. Lawrance. Mrs. O'Dell. Mi s Patel' on . Mi~s E. Paler on.

11. Pulcr<:lon. E. Putel' Oil. W::tlhr. 'Voollt:ombc. 'Vray.

'Yrny.

The schooh'oom of St. J ol1n hU1'ch \Va. obtained aR a Committee-room, and the Presbyterian. 'choo}. ,yure kindly lent for the meetings of the cla se , which it was decided to form for urg on-~r ajor instruction in the fu'st treatment of the injur d. Shepherd, of the Army Iedical Departmcnt, kindly uucI ,rtoule the duties of Instructor; and on hi being obliged to 1'<1 r \\ oolwich, was succeeded by Dr. ,V. J. Coleman who ha, COlltinued the instruction of the cIa .. 0 for both ,exe.', without intermis ion, with great tact, courtc y, and ability uI to the present date. Three classes for mOD, and thl' for w men, have gone through a cour e averaging ix week ill length, \\'ith one lecture of two hours weekly. The examination at th end of each course was both on the theory and practice of the work, and tbe proportion of those who obtained c rtificates to tho.'e attending the classes "ill prove that the oxamination Iya, searching and thorough. The reRpective number arc as follows : 1st IvIen's Class. No. attending, lGO. No. obtalning cm tificate,,, 5 ~. ., 57 . 17. 2nd :, " " " 40. 1-1. 3rd " " " " In addition to the number of pupils on the regi"ter of thC' 2nd. and 3rd classes, the attendance ,yas always sw lIed by the presence of many who had already obtained certifica tes, allel of many who were desirous of ascertaining the nature of tIl instruction, and the general features of the movement. 1st Lacl1'es' Class. No. attending, 18. No. obtaining certificates, 14. 16. " " 1L 15. " " 1] . Tb ese numbers represent the registered students, but many others gave occasional attendance; and the successful candidates in one class fi'equently obtained permission to attend another course, in order to attain increased skill in bandaging, &c. It will thus be seen that in the \1\7 00 lwich Centre alon e there have been 306 registered pupils under instruction during

2nd 3'I'Cl

,. "

" "

the paRt six month, and if to these be added those who have attended special lectures connected with the work, such as were given by Dr. Howard of New York, and :ThIr. 1\IacKellar, of St. Thomas's Hospital, and those who have attended part of a course without regi tering themselve as pupils, it may safely be a. serted that at least 500 persons have been familiarised ,vith the Ambulance " Ol'k of the Order, in the \\ oolwich Centre alone, and have learnt to be of use in the first treatment of the illjured in the many accidents of daily life. At various public meeting , held in connection with the movement, good seryice was rendered by member. of the Committee; and thanks are peeially due to Colon 1 'ValIer, R.A., the lIon. and Rev. A. Anson, lolonel Buck, Rev. J. O. Bent, Rev. II. Bullock, Rev. R. A. Corbett, R Y. Dr. Raitt, and Captain 1\IeGrath. The fol1o,ying members of the Order attended meetings in the \Voolwic.:h 'entre:- ir Edward Perrott (who presided on two oc a. ion), ir E . Lechmere, Colonel Gould \"Test on, Major F. Duncan, aI tarn II. . Perrott, Mr. J. Furley, and Mr. R. :ThIacLean. 1\1r '. IIar-ford Pearson, al 0 a member of the Order, and activ ly ngaged in the Laclie' Council in the Metropolitan 1en tre, attended a meeting of the Laclies' Class in the \\T oolwich 1elltr . and the Pre ide nt, Lord St. Germans, who belongs to the Order, ha sho,vn grcat kindness and readiness ill performing his duties as local President. The subscriptions received in the Centre toward current expenses amolUlt to £46 17 s. 6d., and the xpenditure to £23 5s . 3td. The latter include the purchase of a wb eled litter, which has been placed in the Royal Arsenal, and which did good service in removing the iJljlU'ed at a recent extensive accident in the Dockyard. A branch of the ,Voolwich Centre is being formed at Black heath, under Major Barnett, of the Kent Artillery Vohmteer . Through his kind agency the use of a drill-hall has been seclu'ed as a class-room; and Mr. Holmes, M.R.C.S., of Greenwich, a retil:ed military medical officer, of great experience, has kindly undertaken the duties of Instructor. 1\11". Holmes has been of great service to the ,?\Toolwich Centre as Assistant Examiner. The cordial co-operation of the local press d serves special mention and thanks. The Metropolitan Centre commenced with a public meeting in Chelsea Barracks, where a room and a store-shed had been

I.vndol1.

8 kindly placed by the authorities at the di.'posal of the Order of St . J obn, for its Ambulance , Vork. The Mctropolit.an Committee is as follows :l\I ETROPOLIT~~_

OjDIITTEE.

Presidellt-TUE RIGUT lIo"\'". TUE E

The R ev. Brymer-Belcher. Col. Buckle. ~Gen. Sir Charl,)s Daubeney, R.C.B. *J . Furley, E q. Rev. H. Huleatt, U.A. Oapt. J ay. Francis H. J eune, E q. ~Sir T. Dick-Lauder, Bart. *Sir Edmlmd Lechmere, Bart., )I.P. The Rev. F. H. Murray.

I.RL OF GL \:o>GOW'.

ir W. Palli cr, C.B. E. R. Pratt, Kq. G. Rennie, E q. *Gcn. ir John t. George, K.C.B. Capt. 'haw. * Lewart utherlanc1, Esq. *Col. Gould ,Ve lon, F .. ~L *A.. Hurrord Pcar~on, E q., Commis~·ioJllI·. Capt. Lowrie, H(lIl. eel·ttllr!!.

* Those marked with an A.sterisk are members of 'he Executi,e Committee. LAIJIE~'

couseIL.

The Counte s of Effingham. The Lady Penrhyn. The D on. Lady Inglis.

11'. topfol'cl achille. Mrs. A. Hurford PCaJ':>on.

MEDICAL STAFF.

Sw'geon-Uajor F. Bramley Baker, Grenadier Guard . Charles Cogswell, Esq., M.D . Surgeon-Major F. Falwasser, A.M.D., F .R.C.S.

F. De IIavillancl lIall, E~q., M.D. J. 11. IIuntel', E:,q., M.D. (lute urgeon R.I.) A. O. MacKcllar, Esq., F.R. H. :JIalldcrs, Esq.

CL.\, tuff-

Owing to frequeut unavoidaLle changc.' of Ill,truc·tors ill t he early tages of the ~Ien's CIa s at 'hel ea, the Hnticipatecl success has not attended it, although much good work ha' bee~ done, anc~ a co~siderablc number of pupils have obtained cert~c~tes. 'Ihe chffi~ulty of Instructors has now disapp ar 'el, and lt IS hoped that wlth an energetic local Chao ellman, th e R ev. Bry~er Belcher, a ~ranch which bas so many advantages "will attaIn large pro~Ol·tIo~s, and be producti ve of much good. Ir . Belcher IS asslBtcd by the following :1

LOCAL CON.M ITTEE.

Colonel Buckle. L ieut.-Colonel Gould Weston, F.S.A. Lieut.-Colonel F. R. Aikman, V.C . H . P eto, Esq. J . Thompson, Esq. G. Glover, Esq. R ev. H . H uJeatt, M.A.

George Rennie, Esq. General PaUle. P. R. IIammond, Ebq., Medical Staff. Dr. (Eneas Monro. Dr. Lavies. Dr.Oate Q

•

A very tboruugh-going class was next formed at the Custom House, for m€:n of the 2nd ~1i(lJlesex Artillery Volunteers, uncler the in. -truction of the medical officer, Dr. T hyne. Tbe skill of the Instructor the energy of Captain Lowrie, th e Adjutant, and the industry and attention of the pupils, deserve special mention in tIti' report, and haye frequently excited the fa.vourable comment of 1\1r. IIarford Pearson, who has acted as Chairman of the M hopolitan Cel1tre. The number of men who have up to this date attended the Custom IIouse Classes is 53, aud the number who hay' obtained certificates, 42. la es now followed one another rapidly. :Much was due to the growing familiarity with the idea-not a little to an influenti;ll public meeting beld at the Pall Mall Restaurant on the 6th Felnunry; and the a.si tance of the public press aided th 1110, l1lent--but unquestionably the development has been mainly lluc to 1\1r. and 1\1rs. IIarford Pearson and Mr. Rupert C. F . D~tllas, all member of the Order, and most indefatigable in their x rtions. The following list of classes now at work in the ~Ietropoli i the be t proof of thc energy of the :Metropolitan COlllmittee. ~IONDAY"

ES IN TilE

IETROPOLIS.

.... \I omell's Cla' s .. Cllri t Church choo~s, Albany·street .. . ... 5.30 p.m ... Dr. Keyes. • . .. ~lcn's Class . .. . .. Chapel School, Albany ·tn:el B:1rracks .... . . . . :\Ien's

Tl-E

DAY

Clas~ ..

.30 p.m . . . Dr. Owen.

_. . . Inf~nL ovchoJols, Chcl ea. .Barracks . . .. .... . . 8.30 p.m . . . Dr. Falwasscr.

. . Ladies' Class .... South Ken ington . ... 11.30 a.m . .. Dr. Falwas er. . •. . Ladies' CIa s .. .. Portland Place. . . . . . • 3.0 p.m .. . Dr. Falwasser.

. . .. Portcrs' CIa s . .. . Puddington Railway SLut ion .. .. . . .. . . .. 7.0 p.m .. . Mr . Uanders. WEDNESDAY". Men's Class .. ... Post Office . .. . ... ... 4.15 p.m . . . Dl'. Falwasscr. Tlln!SDAY . . Ladies' Class • . .. t. Barnabas Schools, Ebury-street. . . . . . . . 11.30 a.m . .. D r . Falwasser. 2.30 p.m. .. Police ... . .. . . .. Scotland Yard . . . . .. .. 8.0 p.m . . . Surg. - Major hepherd. " .• Ucn's CIa s . . .. Custom IT ouse .. . . . . .• 8.30 p.m . . . Dr. Thyne. FRIDAY" SA.TUlmAY . . I.ac1ies' Class .... Dcsborollglt St. Schools Pac1dingLon . . . . .... 11.13 a..m . .. Dr. Falwasser. "

.. Men's Class

.. .. Royall\Iilitary Asylum, Ohel eo, . . . . . . . . . . 1.30 p.m .. , D r. Fahyusser.

The classes at Albany Street are under an excellent local Chairman, 'V. H. 1'.IuDro, Esq., and t b e In tructor, Mr. Edmun d

Owen, of St. Mary's Hospital, has thoroughly evoked the enthusiasm of the student, some 40 in number. Th Raihvay Class at Paddington commenced on 30th April, 187 under the supervision of Superintendent Craig and the ill.'truction of :!\II'. Manders, of St. Mary's. The number of pupils wa 40. In May, a class was opened at cotland Yard. for the Metropolltan Police; the In. tructor being urgeou-jlajor 'h pherd. Th Chief Insp ector attache great importanc to the in tru ·tion. A shorthand writer is alway in attendance, and a sy Habu i' ill course of construction for the priyat us c of tb force. A clH.,· has been opened at th e Po t Office, un leI' 'urg ou-Major Falwasser, and the In tructor reports in the mo. t fHY 0 lll'ab 1" t erms, both as to the zeal and intelligence of his pupil . A second class is ready to be form ed as oon a,' an In, trnctor can be obtained. A class was opened at the R oyal J\Iilitar Asylum, under the immediate patronage and PI' ence of the> Commandant. The pupils, 40 in num ocr, are the ele ·teel non-commissioned officers preparing for appointmcllt ' H.' Ann)' Schoolmasters, and they have giycn great satiRfactioll to the Instructor. There are, in all, 210 men's names on the register of the

to the working classe ' and to soldiers is always gratuitous; aud every cncouragementi' offered to membersofthe Volunteer Force. Among others, whose services as Instructors in the :Metropolitan Centre de erve the thanks of the Order, may be mentioned Dr. Lavie', who very kindly t aught a Ladies' Class in Belg1'a yia for ome \yeek . . The eyenoak.' Centre wa.' carefully and 'kilfully organised by a re.'ident member of the Order, pussessing' exceptional knowledge uf Ambuhmce ,York, ~Ir. John Furley. It was 01 ellml with a public mecbng on the 13th March, at which the I'd l' was repre ented by. i1' E. L echmere and Major F . Duncan, in a ltlitioll to jIr. Fm·ley. Th e follow'ing Committee was formed, viz ; -

Metropolit~ . C~lltre .

The Larues'- Council for the Metropolis ha ' been equally successful and energetic; no few er than 2 0 pupils hHyiDg been registered. CIa ses were form ed in February at- t. BarJlabas' Schools, Ebury Street, and at St. J\Iary Magdalen's chool. , Paddlligton, at which 12 and 19 ladies wen, r especti,' 1y su 'cessful in obtaining certificates. In May, t"TO additional classes were formed at Portlancl Place and Cromwell Gardens; and the Order is indebted to Lady Claud Hamilton awl Mrs. Freake for the use of their houses for the meeting of these cIa ses. A fifth Ladies' Class has been opened in Christ Church . cbools, Albany Street, under Dr. Keyes, of the Army Medical Department; and another, to meet by the kind p ermission of Mrs. Currie at h er house, will commence immediately. Arrangements are in progress which will r esult in the opening of branches, in all probability, in Hackney, Rotherhithe, and St. George's in the East; and it is hoped that all Rail way Companies and the City Police will ava]] them lves of the sCl'vices of the Order in this most practieal \york. Im2irllction

'EVEXOJ..KS

CE~TRE.

LOC.1L COJDIITTEE AXIJ STA FF.

M. Lambarclc, E g., Cltail'lnan. 'olonel N Ol'Lhcy. Rev. T. . urLeis. ~. 'lode, E ']. ,V. II. Dodgon, Esq., H OIl. TreaslI)'('i'.

lE. Me. Donell, E sq. C. R. C. P etley, Esq. W. J. Thomp on, E q. A.. Wil son, Esq. J. FUl'ley, E:::q., Hon. Secretary.

.11 EIJlCAL STAFF. (Ex.oJfit;io JlwLbcl's oj the COlniiLitltc.)

J. L. 'YOLo hip, Esq. J. Fra,uk , Esq. H. Thomp on, Esq.

O. D. Marriott, Esq. ..i. Young, Esq.

CIa es were formed for both exes, under the instruction of

11'. Young, I.R.C.S., the number attending being 34 at th8 l\Ien\;, and 30 at the ,Vorn en s Clas . The examination t ook place on the 6th June, and the Examiner, Sm'geon-'U ajor Falwasser, reported in the most favourable t erms on the skill of the ladies who presented themselves. Out of 15 so present.ing themselves, 14 uccooded in obtaining certificates; and out of 1 G men, 10 were sUtJcessful. The conscientious and skilful jnstruction of II'. Young has been more than once brought under the notice of the Central Committee; and on several occasions he has kindly gone to other Centres to lecture and examine. The thanks of all interested in the success of the movement are due to him . Mr. Furley's services at thi,3 Centre will be alluded to again, under the head of mate'riel,. it will suffice to say here that his work at evenoaks and the surrounding eli. triet has b een as

Sevenoaks.

1:Z

Maidstonf'~

thorough and Ullpret.endillg as hi, work al ways ha,' been; a1ld. that the value to the Central Committee of hi a(lyice and experience in the devdopment of the Ambulance movement has been inca1culable. The subscriptions receiyed to the Ambulance Fund from the Sevenoaks Centre amolmt to _E25 11k Od., and the expenditure to £1 5 Os. Od. The formation of a Centre at Maic1i::>tone had b n urged upon some of the leading men b.r Mr. Furley, while b " Tn,,' organising the Centre at Sevenoak. Happily, in the Jlayor and in many other citizens he found men ready tu co-operd t u with him in so practical a form of philanthropy. Thu importance of having the civic authorities ill , upport of a movement b earing so much upon the lives and u{fering, of tho under their supervision cannot be overrated; and as the moyement is non-political and unseetarian, it, uE:velopment may wroll be recommended t o the Corporation of eyery tmvn a one aboye the level of party politics, and in the en~ourCl g ement of ,vhieh all men may meet and work harmoniout:lly. The 1ayor of Maidstone has shown kindnes , tact, eloquunce, and ho pitality, in the introduction into Maidstone of a branch of the Ambulance Association of the Order, and h e is as isted by the following Committee, viz : 1YIAIDSTO~E CE~TnE. GENERAL COMJIITTEE.

W. Raynes, Chairman. Captain .Aylmer. *H. Bensted. *Captain Franklyn. Walter Fremlin. R. Fryer. J . Barcham Green. Sir J ohn Lubbock, Bart., M.P. William F. Mercer. *Dr. Meredith. Dr . MOD ckton .

*F. Pine, jun. J. R. Raggett. Major Ros . Caplf1in, Lacey. R cv. D. D. SLewal't. ITelll'y Storr. Albert F. Style. *R. T. Tatham. Sir Sydney Waterlow, Bart., M.P. *0 . E. Wright. R andall Mercer, Treasurer and Hun. Sec1-eiary.

* Those marked with an Asterisk are members of

the Executive Committee.

SURGlCAL STAFF. (Ex-officio Mernbel's of the Committee cmd Execulive Committee.)

Mr. William Hoar. Mr. M. A. Adams . Mr. A. H. 13. Hallowes.

Mr. G. H. Fnrber. De. Plomley. ~he Surgeon of the Depot.

The formation of the ~1aidf:ltone Centre was inaugurated by a public meeting, at which tbe Mayor presided. The Order was I' ·presented on the occasion by Major F . Duncan, R.A., and 1Ur. J. FUl-ley. A class for men was at once formed, 38 in num1ur; and of 30 who pre ented themselvC's for examination, 2G succC'eded in obtaining certificates. SUl'g(l on-1Hajor Falwasser r eported of thi cla's, that it was a very enthusiastic one, and that Mr. Allam" the Instructor, had taken a great deal . of trouble with it. They po sess a most enthusiastic and energetic ecretary in ~1r. 1\1ercer. The amoullt of ub criptions for current expenses received from the Maic1stone Centre up to date has been £2G 18s. Od., and the expenditure £17 2s . 4d. The expenses have been materially reduced at this Centre by the gratuitous use of the Town Hall. The future of the movement in Maid tone is very hcpeful. It wa naturally expect d that at ,Vorcester, where the W orcester. Order of t. J ohn has been for years so ably r epresent ed by L ord DUllley, U' E. Lechmere, the Rev. T . 'fl . vVood, and the late R. \Yoolfe E q., the new pha e of Ho pi taller V\Tark would be received with cordial welcome. Already many a weak and indig nt convalescent had derived benefit from the diet system of the Ord'r, and the ground was therefore prepar ed for a further step in philanthropic work. Sir Edmund L echmere, by his characteristic energy contributed largely to the success which has follow ed. At ,V Ql'cester, as elsewhere, the opening of til Centre was inaugluated by a pul)lic meeting, largely attended, over which the :Thlayor presided. The Order waR r presented by Sir E . L echmer e, Major F . Duncan, R.A., and the R ev. T. 'N. ,Vood, and the following Committees were unanimously appointed, viz. : WORCE TER CENTRE. President-TilE

RIGHT HON. THE E!.RL OF DU DLEY .

CO.MMITTEE.

General.At1ay, C.B., Chair·man. Walter Holland, Esq., Vice-Chairman. Lord Lyttelton. Sir Edmund Leehmere, Ba!"t., M.P., F.S.A. Colonel Hunter, C.B. Colonel Norbury.

Colonel Carmichael. T. Rowley Hill, Esq., M.P. Colonel Vernon. Major Hill. Rev. W. H . R. L onghurst. R ev. T. W. Wood. J. S. Isaac, Esq.

1:5

14 COJIJI ITTBE-continued.

Major tallllrd. Oaptain Lewes. Captain Webb. Oaptain Oorbett. G. E. Hyde, Esq. John Parke)', E q. W. H. Barneby, Esq.

J. IT. Hooper, E~q. E. . aneler on, E q. M. 'milcr, E q. M. Power, Esq. J. Tom Blll'ge ,E q., F . .A., F. R. II. W. T. Ourtler, Esq., IIon. Secretar!!.

MEDICAL STAFF.

(E.c-officio ll[embers 0/ the COlilmitler.)

Davi~ A. Le lie, Esq., M.D., Surgeon-

Major 22nd Brigade Depot. Geo. E. Hyde, ERq., SUl'creon-Major W orcestershire Militia. t:> A. Weir, E q., M.D., econel Battalion Worcestershll'e Rille Volunteers. S tanley Haynes Eaq M D Artill Volunteers.' ., ... .., ery

W. SLrange, E q., 1I.D. II. G. Budel, Esq., urgcon 'Vorcc'tcl'ellli'e :;}Iilitia. II ilal'Y IIiH, E q., urgeon Lo Qucen' Own Worcestel'shire Yeolllalll'Y Oayalry.

LADlES' ST.Ii FF.

Lady Lechmere. Mrs. Pilkington. Miss S. Atlay. Lady Mary Douglas. Mrs. Stallard.

provcd the wisdom of his appointment. A class for ladies, over 25 in number, was formed in the room, and meets for instruction we kly, on Thursday evenings, under Surgeon-Major Shepherd. A cIa s for men, equal ill numbers, has since been formed, and arrangements are being made for its meeting, weekly, on :Mondays. ,Yhen organi"ed into a di tinct Centre, with L ocal Committee, , there is no doubt that Lavender Hill, or Clapham J unction will supply steady relays of cla, ses for instruction. :Ur. ,Vilkin on is an earnest worker in this, as in everything he unn rtak s. Since the opening night, the Ladies' and :Men's CIa, ,e. have increased to 31 and 27 r espectively. Owing to the zeal of Dr. tanley Haynes and others, it was Malvern. det nnin c1 to organi e an Ambulance Centre at Malvern. The necc ary arrangement having been madc, a public meeting was held in the Volunteen:;' Drill Hall, on the evening of J tIDe 12) 1 7(, at which th Order was repr esented by Sir E. Lechmere, Iaj or F. Duncan, R.A., and the Rev. rr, ,V. 'Vood. The ·hair wa occupied by the Rev. A. Faber, H ead ~Iaster of ~Ialvcrn ollege, and the audience was r epresentative and influential. At the conclu iOll of the meeting, classes were formed for both sexes, aDd M1'. Dawson, F.R.C.S., tmdertook the <.Iutie of In, tructor. It was d cided that for most acl'tninist1'ati'l;e purpo es ~lalvern should be a branch of ,V Ol'cester Centre, but the following ommittecs were elected for local purposes : 1

Miss Robert . Mrs. Goldingham. Mrs. Henry Corbett. 1rs. Precdy. Mis F. eymoul'.

. Clas~es for both sexes were immediately formed, under the Instruction of Mr . Hyde ,· an d a t an exammatlOn " . whICh ha,' already. taken place, Dr. Leslie reported that out of the IlJulc competrtors for certilicates the lowest total of marks obtain d was 119 out of a possible 150.

GENTLE.lIEX'S CO.llJIITTEE.

A great many subscribing members have joinecl the Ambulance Centre at Worcester, and the following statement will show how earnestly the movement has been adopted there :_

Lavender Hill

f il Male. Female. o. 0 pUp sunder jnstruction . . 28 32 No . of subscribing members . . . . . . 40 Under t~e auspices of the Metropolitan Committee, a branch was organIs:d near Clapham Junction, at Lavender Hill. The proce.e dings commenced with a public meetjng, on June 7th, 1878, m the Schools of the Chm'ch of St John th E Ii t · . e vanges , over whICh Mr. Buchanan Riddell presided. The Ordcr was represented. by MaioI' F. Duncan R . A ., an d A . H anon. .!' I P < J , earson, Esq., who explained the aims and history of the moYement. The Rev. J . B. Wilkinson was among the speakers and Mr. Ross was appointed Local Secretary. Results have ah:eady

Rev. A. Faber, M.A.., Chairman. Rev. J. Gregory mith. R ev. IIaden Cope. E. Ohance, Esq. Major Oazalet. E. R. Hayes, Esq. DI·. West. Edward Lakin, Esq.,

H. Bartleet, Esq. A. Brown, E,q., Treasurer. Mr. Thomas Cox. Dr. Weir. } ' V. II. Dawson, Esq. Medical Sta.ff. Dr. Haynes. Secretar!!.

LA DIES' COJIlIIITTEE.

Lady Lambert. Mrs. Blanchard. Mrs. Weir.

Miss Bromley. Mrs. Ohance.

The estimated numbcrs of the ~.ren's and Ladies' Clas which "Tere immediately formed, are respectively 50 and 25.

lG outhampton.

Thanks to t~ .e energy of a rC 'ident H onorary Associate of the Order in Southampton, Surgc(lll-~Iajor Porter, arrangement" are in progress for the formation of a Celltre. uL criptions to the am01111t of .£14 19s. Od. have already been paid; alld tLe foll owing gentlemen hay~ offered their services in lhe ,Yorl--, VIZ. : -

Professor MacLean, C.B. Professor lIIacDonald, F .R.S. Captain Buchan (Engineer Volunteer, who williencl his (lrill-hall) . Captain Monsell, N cLley Hospital. Rev. G. ~Iead . Rev. S. Davis.

Rev. G. tephens. :Major Rowe. Captain Oli,eI'. Captain Leibert. Dr. Trend anel} roluliLeel' JIerlical Dr. Griilln, OjJic(;J's.

The instruction given at the various Centre i ' the. tlllle. It is shown in the following syllabu but some light modifications will be gradually introduced by the Iedical Committee Oll the suggestions of the various Instructors. Surg on-Major Fahya. , ( ' 1' has drawn up a syllalms, showing the rna t suitable cliyisioll of the subjects given below, into a course of five ledurc , of an hour and a half in lellgth. hould this arrangement be fOUlld satisfactory, it "rill be adopted I)}, the l\Iedical COlllmittee, along with other necessary modifications. 'rhe Ieclical Comlllittee consists of the Chairman, Deputy-CLairman, and Mellical members of the Central Committee; the Chairmall and ~ ecretary of the Ambulance Committee of each London Ho.-'pital co-operating with the Order; and the Medical In, truc.:t l'R. Thi.'3 Committee meets once a month, or oftener, if nece. 'sc11'Y Outlines of the system adopted for the Caul' e of In tructiOl1 : Each course extending over a month or six weeks accorcli])g to ci.Tcumstances; each L ecture one hour and a half a week. 1. Obj ects of the work, giving examples of the consequences of sick or injured persons being improperly halldled. 2. Positions of the large arteries and veins in thc body, with externp01'ised contrivances for checkillg hcemorrhage (bleecling) in different regiolls. 3. R ecognition of fractures; application of splints to fractured limbs; hints as to articles which may be extemporised for splints, as well as pads and bandages. 4. Method of lifting injured persons on to, or from stretchers in or out of wagon. Carrying of stretchers along level roads, up and down stairs, over rough groulld, ditches l fences, &c.

17 reans of etctempo?~sing stretchers from articles generally available, or of adapting cOLUltry carts, railway carriages, or wagon, for the carriage of sick or injrued persons. G. 'rhe immediate treatmfmt of suspended animation from drowuing, or from sewer gas, fainting, collapse, shock from illjul'ies, burns, or calc1s. The practical part of the instruction is of the greater importance; and the Examiners urge more attention being paid to it, with a view to the chief purpose of the classcs being attained. The introduction of the Esmarch instead of the roller bandage i a step in the right direction for this end, as it resembles the mean which would probably be at hand in the first treatment of the injured. For pri\ate study, and practice in the interval between lectures, the . mall "Manual of Instruction for the Army IIospital Corp has b een found very useful. rrhe Ladies' C~m mittce an 1 the pupil in the Ladies' Classes have been very kmd in making and supplying bandages for instructional pluposes. In aclclition to the above Centres-now in full operationcorre.pondence i being carried on with a view of e tablishing classe at the undennention d places. At Carcliff there has been a move~ent towards eo·-operation with the Order in its Ambulance ,York, more especially with reference to war. The Committee hopes to report soon that some arrangement has been arrived at. At Port mouth there is a similar prospect. Corre ponclence has passed with reference to the opening of classes in Brighton, for both sexes. The Committee has nndertaken to find In tructors, and to make all nece::;sary arrangements, as soon as 25 pupils are registered. Through the energy of a Commanding Officer of Vohmteers in this neighbourhood, who has become a subscribing mem be~' of the Association, there is now ev ry prospect of a Centre bemg form ed at Newark. Aberdeen has expre sed a desire to know how it eould be placed in eommunion with the St. John Ambulance Association i-n the event of war, and the necessary information has been 5.

gIven. The Deputy-Chairman, Major Dlmcan, R.A., attended last year at a meeting of the Institute of Mining EngineeTs at Chesterfield, to explain the Patent Ambulance Litters of the

Cardiff.

Portsmouth. Brighton.

Newark.

Aberdeen.

Chc terfield.

Drcler. Having hinted at the new lio pitaller ,York, whi<::h \\'a' contemplated he was invited to attend and explain it at the Annual :ThleetiDg, on the 20th June, 1 7 . This he dicl; and tho formation of a Centre may be con idered now a matter of '01'tainty in this centre of a mining di hid, 'w here accident mu.' t be common. A large cIa hns beell formed at Jay ru .' Colliery already. ~

Section B.-AID T O THE SICK AND 'VVOUNDED IN WAR.

Sheffield.

Richmond, Yorkshire.

Dublin.

A Centre will be formed at h ffield dm1ng the PI' . eui year. The arrangements arc in progres , and the 1l10vem nt will have strong local support. The Sm'geon of the Brigade Depot at Richmond ha' COllsented to take a cla s for in truction in the fir t treatment of the injm'ed; and arrangements are being made to take ad yantng'l' of his kindness. A member of the Order, Mr. F. R. Davies, re idellt ill Duhlill, is endeavouring to create a feeling there in favour of thu cBtaLlishment of an Ambulance Centre, and it is earne tly hopud tlmt he will be successful. In addition to the places named above, the Committee il::l confident of ability to establish Centre. or cIa se. during tho current year at Tunbridge ,VeIls, m'biton, Richmond ( \uTey) and Oxford. 'rhe Medical Officer of a Volunteer Corps in Lancashire, Dr. ,V. L eavens ,Vhite, late Army :Thlec1ical Department, whu has for some time illstructed his men in treatment of the iujul'cd , has also applied to have his pupils tested by the Examiner of the St. John Ambulance Association, and his request has been granted. Looking at the peace work done by the Ambulance Department dUl'ing the past six months, and the vista of fresh work opening up daily, the Order of St. John may feel a. sured that it rightly interpreted the circumstances and feelings of the present day, when it revived its Hospitaller Work in a way so practical, so simple, and so philanthropic. The training of a large body of both sexes in the treatmeut of the injul'f~d in time of peace ensures a large constituency on which to draw for volunteers with any Ambulance train or Field Hospital, which might be sent by the Order with an English Army in case of war. This subject will now be discussed.

It was decided that such aid should only be given by the Order in its corporate capacity in the event of Ellgland herself being engaged in war. To make such aid effective, it was seen that it hould be immediate; to ensure it being immediate, it wa nece. ary to have all details arranged in advance. The neces ity for providing rnatb'iel was removed by a cOIDIDlmication from the Army ~Iedical Department., stating that all such would be found by Government, and that the Order need do no more to aid the Medical epartment of the Army than supply additional surgeons, dre 'ers, and nurses, and to pay them. In order, therefore, to ecure the personnel at a moment's notice, a regi tel' was opened by the Order for the names of people able and willing to serve in variou ca pacities, should "ar lead to the de patch of an ambulance train by the Order. In this register there are all' a ly 192 names entered, and the Order has likewi e been assured by fr. :ThlacCormac, of St. Thomas's Ilo pital, and IT. allender, ()f t. Bartholomew's, that within 4 hOlU' they will find as many young medical students, as dre ser . in the event of war, as the Order could employ. It may be' added that the names of the m'geons and nurses alr;ady on the Ordur s register are such as would enSlu'e the ambulance work being done thoroughly in t.he field. In ord I' that no delay should arise, on the outbreak of war, from the absence of fund, a guarantee fund was opened among the Members of the Order, which ah'eady amolmts to £2,355, and this has been further increased by guarantees from the general public. Further steps are being taken to add to it, and there is little doubt that as the Order obtains popularity in England by its peace-work, it will find sympathy and assistance in any l.mdertaking on which it may embark for the relief of the sick and wounded of the Engli h army in time of war. In course of conversation and correspondence with the Army :Th1edical Department, it has always been promi ed that in the event of co-operation from the Order in the field, military authority would be recognised as paramount, and the St. J ohu trains or hospitals would be placed under a military medical officer of rank. On the other hand, the sentiment of the Order would be respected, and, as far as possible, the wearers of its badge would work in organised bodies together.

20 The kindne s of the Secrctary of tate for 'Val', of tho Director-G neral of the Army 1\Ieclical Department, anrl of Surgeon-General Munro, demand acknolTledgment. Through them the Order has obtained for it. work in England the, ervice of two medical officers, Burgeon-Major hepherd and 'urgeon1\Iajor Falwa er, who have greatly contributell to the ,'ucceH, of the ambulance movemellt by the clearues , thoroughlle ' and tact which characterize their in trudion.

Section C.-LONDON HOSPITALS.

'Vhen the Register was fir t opened by the OrdC'r for recorllillg the names of volunteers fo1' ho 'pital . en'1ce in time of war) thc authorities of the London IIo pital kindly allowed the l' (]HHitc notices to be placed on their wall for the information of tho, '0 attending the Medical chools. It \Va hoped how 'Ycr, that, as the ambulance movement spread, a clo er union would Rprillg up between the old Order of the IIo 'pitallers anll the London Hospjtals. This union has been hastened anJ cncourngecl mainly by the suggestions of one of the A sociates of the n1 1', Dr. Sieveking, By his advice, overtures were malle to the tail' of the various Hospitals, and meetings were held; and tIl(' result bas been promises of cordial co-op r'ration from ,'t. Thomas's, St. Bartholomew's, St. Mary's, King's CoIl ge 'V e. ,tminster, Ulliversity and Charing Cross Hospitals. OlTe pondellce is still going on with the authorities of t. George', and the London Hospital, which may have a similar favolU'able ending. An Ambulance Committee has been formed of distingui,'hed members of the Hospital staff at St. Mary's, Charing Cro", VI estminstm', and University, and on the Central Ambulance Committee of the Order, the IIonorary Associates, Dr. Lionel Beale 1\fr. MacCormac, Dr. Julius Pollock, and Dr. ,'ieveking, represent r espectively King's College, St. Thomas's, Charjng Cross, and St. Mary's Hospitals. The co-operation between the Order and these Hospitals is both for peace and war. In time of peace they will assist in furnishing Instrudors and Lecturers to the Elementary ClasseR, and will endeavour to accommodate classes in the several Medical Schools, or their vicinity, of pupils who have already obtained certificates, but who are anxious to obtain further and j

21 high r in truction. They will also assist ~T~th ac~vice and o~inion wh n any question on ambulance matenel anses. In tIme of war, they will a. ist in the selection of sl~rgeo~s, dressers) and WIthout r eference nurses; nor will t he Order make any seledlOn. , to the Ambulance Committee of the HospItal to whICh the canclidate' belong. . This co-operation has already had most b:neficl~l results. It ha, help d to crystallize a movement whl~h mlght have become cloudy and sentimental; and already, In the person of 1\11'. Owen, of t. Mary's, it has proc1u'ed for the Order ~ most intere ting and popular ]ectUl'er in peac.e, a~d an expenenced volunteer for , ervice under the Ordor ill bme of war. Proyincial Ho I ital will doubtless follow in the footsteps of tho. e in tIl Ieb-opoll, and the Country Centres and classes will L gainer . The cordiality and genero~ity w~th which ~he memher, of the medical pro£ ssiou have aSSIsted III developmg th ambulance movement, both in London and in the provinces, cannot be too clearly and gratefully acknowledged.

Section D.-MATERIEL.

ince the la t Repurt, on t. J ohn's Day, 1877, the following "wheelecl ambulance litters, of the pattern patented by the Order, haye been tationed at the places named, viz. : Pontypridd .. .. .. .. . . One. tok~-upon- Trent One. 'iYanwi k One. Pilsley Colliery, Chesterfield One. Royal Arsenal, "oolwich .. 011e Southampton ShipbuilcliDg Y\ ork One. 'V Ql'cester One. * I etropolitan Police . . Thirteen. Stretchers have also been supplied to the following places for instructiona,} purposes, viz. : Chelsea Barracks. . One. (Government Pattern.) Custom House, London . . One. " " J\Iaid[:)tone Railway Station One. (Purchased by S.E. Rly.) '*' Arrangeme11ts arc bcing mn.dc by the Order for deposit at

th~

London of a supply of splinL , bandages, lint, &c" for usc

chief police. tations in case of aCCIdent.

III

22 , V001 \Vich . , * Sevenoahs , VQl·cester. ,

One. (Beaufort Pattern.) One, 0'

Maidstone . . On e . " " Ashford Cottage Hospital One. (French rilly l\I >tIel.) At eyery Centre and CIa s a copy of John ton's Phy ir)logical C'11art, No . 1, has been piliceel for in,tructional I urpo ~B. A supply of roller ann triangular bandages ha al '0 been provided for I;,ach cIa s; and many copie of the 1\Ianu< 1 for the Army Ho 'pital Corps ar'3 in the pos ession of tbe ·tuclent, at the various Centres. A large supply of illn 'hated E, m<1n.:h bandages was obtained from Du eldorf for ale to the tud "lut and they are rapidly being cli po ed of. Surgeon-Major BOluke's improved Ambulance ,Ya O"on has been exhibited to the Committee and i' higbly appro\- 'cl of. It is far better and much cheaper than the xi" ting patt rn lL'r d by Government. A wagon of the latter t:rpe was pur ·haF.. d by the Order from the Royal AI' enal, by Rpecial penni Rion, at a cost of no less than £240. Toward its pm'eha e the 111emb 'r~ of the Order gave a specjal and inclivielual ub, cription amounting to £137. It is hopeel that when Sm'O" on- lc~jol' Bourke's wagon is in the service, the Order will be p ermittc'c1 t( exchange the old pa.ttern for one or two of the n w. r\ t present, the wagon purchased for the Ambulance iommittee from the Royal Arsenal stands in Che1. ea Barrack . It is gratifying to find that the wheeled litter litroeluced by the Order into England, and on 'w hich the late ~ uperintendent of the Ambulance Department, Sm'geon-1\lajor l\Ianley, V.C., spent so much time anc1labour, has been hjghly approved of by the police and others. In addition to the thirteen recently urdered by the police in London, it is probable that, ere long, ('very station in the Metropolitan Police District will be supplied with one. The consequent saving from pain to the injlued will be very great, and the facilities for removing drunken and yiolent men 'will be increased. I

'*' The stretchers at Ashford and Sevenoaks were presented to those pla.,ces by a member of the Committee, Mr. John Furley, who had received them from the French Societe de Sccours aux Blessc3 Militaires, in remembrance of services during the Franco-German war. The" Beaufort" stretcher is the invention of the Count de Beaufort.

Section E.- SUMMARY.

In looking back on the six months preceding the date of this Report, the Committee can point with pride to the amount of arnest work done, and the amount of interest which it has created. At least 1,100 people are now more skilled in hanelling the injured; and the power of relieving pain and saving life which i implied ill that fact is bnormous. Month by month, the wave of this simple but most efficacious knowledge is spreading. It is reaching all grades of society, all ages, and a]] profe. ' ion, It i, humanising men: it gives the skill which follow uIon kno'wledge, and the nerve which follows on skill : and in making 1118n acqualited with sufferings which they them elve may never have experienced or seen, it softens their heart" awak n, their sympathies, and excites their Cour(1o'e. 1\1 uch of the work clone by the Order in past years has of nece ity been undemollstrative, and even lillsuspected. In the nature of thillg., thi cannot characterise Ambulance , Vork; but the work i emphatically a disinterested and self-denying on , and i done in the true spirit of the Order's motto, " PRO CTILITATE Ho:\Ir.fu:\I.°

ON SOME FORMS OF

EXTE~IPORANEOUS

CONVEYANCES

FOR

SIOK AND WOUNDED IN

HARRISON AND SOXS, PRIXTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER M.iJESTY, ST. MARTIN'S LANE.

PEACE AND WAR. R ead bef01'e the Geneml Assembly of lIIembe1'S of the

ORDER OF ST.

JOIL.~

OF JERUSALE:;)I IN Er GLAND, June 2,t.th, 1878, BY )",

SURGEON-MAJOR

(

J. H. PORTER,

Assistant Professor of lIfiliiary urgery, Army l/;Iedical Bclwol, Netley ; IIo norary Associate of the 01·der.

LONDON: IIARRISON AND SO.!: S, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, Printers in Ordilla?'y fc H er Majesty. 1878.

On some Forms of Extemporaneous Conveyances for SicH and Wounded in Peace and War.

R1l1>,ic'ct ()f eOl1ycyanue for sick and wounded in peace Olle' "hi<..;h C011<..;01'118 all classes and all communities, Ill]' •felTing 1. u hifitf l),y, we filltl the armies of Greece and other (:(l1l1d 1'i 's were not Ulullinc1fnl of theil' ick transport, and e,Ten HlllOll&!,' :a,Tngos it i~ a "'oll-known fact how wUlUlc1ed are borne aWH,)' 1»)" their coml'allef) by methods peculiar to themselYes. ~ 'illcC' abol1t 17\)2, when Daron Laney, the eminent French mill tiny Rlll'geoll obs rvcd the nece tiity for improved side tnuL']Jort it lw, happily engaged the attention of civilised Gnv "rllllwuls, philauthropic societies, and eyen private illdiyjtlllals. awl with ,,,hat great suece." the ExhiLition at Brus, cIs ill 187() nirurd'Jd ampl' proof. It~ illlPortance aJld efficiency in a military point not alone illvohT<..;s tlw iute'rest of the sick and wonllllecl but strategic planN may be promoted 01' oppo. cd acconling as the work is (.lone well or ill; and, as has been obseryed by a distinguished authority, " the tone of moral feeling and degree of confidence amollg trOOpR, and the pre. ervation of due order in the rankR, are illllncncec1 by it.' In ciyil life) in factorics, mills, collieries, mines, and other similar works wh ere accidents are not infreqnent. confic1ence is given to those empl<.lyec1, by the esta1li ~h ment of some means of conn~ynrce whereby those who may Lecome injured shnll receive immediate surgical aid and attention. The Ancient Orc1er of St. J ohu of J eru ale111, alway. promincnt in doing good work, and now bClllg de irou of interesting you in the transpOl't of sick and wounded, has honoured me with an invitation to furni h a short paper on my ex.perionee on the snbjeet. In accepting it, I felt I might either give you a general review of the forms of regular tnmsport in different countrics, or debil some of tbe more cOllvellient metholls for extemporising it. The: former. being A 2 TIfE

:11111

"',ll' iN

IT \ nnrsox AXU P1IT ' TEn"

OHIH . ' ARY T

so. ' S,

'ro TIER

'L.\RTIN'S J ,.\):1::

;\L\,IL"T\'}

varied anll comp lic.:aiell, <.1..' may bc seen by a glance at Pl'o/'el-lf.(lll' Longmorc;'-=, classical tllll1 compr 'hcu:-;iyc work 011" .. \mlmbnce.,," I con iderec1 it would be impossiblc to do jllf-ltice to it in the neces arily limited time placell at my c1i:-;posal; I have therefore selecte 1 for my subjcct that of "'ome Form.' of ExtL'll1poraneous Conveyances for Sick and ,Youllll 'll in1>c<1.ce and "\Y<1l'," feeling it would be of more prac.:tical utility for tho., c.:Olllll'dC'(l ·with or interl'stell in the humallo ,\"ol'k of ai(ling sick or wounded, But, before entering on it, I may mention tll<lt caeh civilised country has its own ,'pee]<1.1 l' 'gular littcl'R and am \mlance wag-golls, ",hic.:h aro suitel1 to it" own l'c(l'lir 'lll 'ni":-; :111(1 exigencies; and in no country i' the pelfec.:tiuu of meallS for transporting 'ic.:k and woundol1 be1 tel' exemp1ifi ,d than in England, where our I 'to John':::; tlllll)uhmce \\-h('o1e(l littl'r, arlllY ambulance ·waggons, cacolets, null marinc h<1.J1~po1't~ nre ~ 'cowl to none for simplieity, comfort, and perfect ea 'e to tll su-o.'\.:r 'r~ who may be carried by them. Regular meaus of tran. port not b ·in o · alwaYR l1Yl1ilalJh:, it occurs that such articles a. may be founa at tho stone of an engag'ement or accident must be 1'ltilise(l, the ·ir 'nmHtallC '.' and peculiarities of each position determining th fOI'll1f-l of thc apparatlls which may be employe 1; it is impos.·iblc to tId '1'111il1 \ upon anyone form, ",vhich hall be equally servic.:caule llncll!r all circumstances. How many examples might I not (luute, even from ll'lte cn,mpaigns and expeditions where extcmpori,'etl transport proved of the g'Teatest servic9! Take for ill. 'iclllCC' the Battle of the A1ma, which was fought without a sing'le regular ambulance waggon with 0111' army. The official rcport on this engagement says, " After the fil'Rt general action 011 the banks of' the Alma, the want of ambulance convcyancc. or allY description of vehicle. nited for the transport of wounded mc]), was severely felt." 'lhe history of the Americ.:an War of tho Rebellion in 1862 abounds with most iutercsting accounts of the ingenious contrivances extemporised for the transport of wounded. After some of the engagements in the FrancoGerman vVar of 1870-71, where modern weapons of warfn,re produced such a simultaneous l1uml)er of wounded, it was impossible, with the usua.l complement of regular transport, to hl'l.ve the wounded immediately placed in reach of surgical aid. Here, as well as in the evacuation of some of the field. hospitals, the ingenuity of OUT surgeons, on many occasions, was the moans

of relioving the ilisabled by improvising transport. Again, during the oxpmlition to I>omk, in tho 'traits Settlomr.nts, in 1876, I am inl'ol'lllecl sevoral of the woundod had to be carried by most primitive moans, and wo have ouly to refer to our illustrated woekly jOlll'llals, and numerous graphic reports, to observe some of the rough and oxtemporised methods by which the unfortunate wonllcletl ,yero conyeyed during the late Turko-Servian and RussoTUl'hHh campaigns. All theso tend to point out the necessity which cxi.ts [or an aCCllUtintance "\yith other methocls of hospital tmll 'J )ort bcsillos that aclopted in the regular service of the army. Extell1porisecl tran port lllay be divilleel into-el) means for ll:-:; 'i~li:lg .. ick or "\YOUlHlcel by supporting them with the hands of lle.n· ']'. or sumo appliance; (2) the con truction of hand litters; c:~) the mlnptation of genoml sorVIce wagons ailll country carts, of rail way cal'l'iagcs or vans, of river or sea-going vessel, and (-1) the c.:un. tl'ucLioll of horso litters. 1... L'l'poRT.-Deing one of the most simple means of help, it may he aJlonlcd, « whon tho hoad, neck, or upper part of the trunk he "\Y0 Ullllcxl, by the patient supporting himself by his musket in 011e hand, u ed as a walking stick, ,ybile his other arm and hand lean upon the upper part or the back and eli tant sholllller of the aLlCll(lallt \\'ho walks hy his sille. At the same time, the attenllant should place his near arm across the back of the wounded man, l' 'aelling rounel and partly oncircling his body with the forearm and hand, so as to assist in supporting and keeping erect the upper part of the patient's trunk. The ame relative positions of the patient and attendant will answ l' when the wound has been inflicted in any part of either an upper or lower extremity, after proper teml)Orary protection has been applied to the injured limb. If the wound be in the lower extremity, the patient will be enabled, by such a. si tance, to walk without throwing the weight of thr. body upon the foot of the injured side, or may hop along with less exertion and fatigue. If it be in the upper extremity, the patient will not be able to avail himself of any support which requires to be held in the hand; but the injured arm should be slung in a handkerchief, so arranged as to fully support it. Should the patient have to descend a declivity, the attendant should take special care to hold him up as he walks down the slope, not only by encircling the back and chest) but also, at the same time, by supporting the ]?atient's arms under the armpits. This is necessary, in ordor to guard against the accident C(

of the patient suddenly slipping or falling fOl'wanl from an aceession of ,,-ea1::ness." * If the upper extremities be uninjured as well as the thighs, UIC patient may be carried all the back 0f an attcllllallt. In this case the patient places both arms around the neek of the aiLcw1allt, ,,,ho supports his thighs. In t'iYO instances which camc UlHlel' lllY own notice, wounded solLliers were rescuCll from pro1JaUy 1illgul'i Ilg if not terrbile deaths by this latLer means of tran,'pol't. One ''las an auyanced sentry in front of our trenches befure ScYad()po1; n cOUlralle) hearing him cry out he was woumlcll, jlllllpell OYC)]' tllC parapet, and, in a few minutes, returned ,yilh the \\"()ll1l11ed man nil his back. The other in. tance occUlTcclLlurillg the Indian ::\1 lltill)" when one of my hrother officers was l1lul'bl11y \\·(.l11Hlell in the alJl10men in attacking a fort neal' LuckllOW. The ol'der ,ra" gi \'ell to retire, but there was no transport neftl', whell one ur tlte lIlcn ()r this officer's company carried him on his uack tu ,\ ]Ibee or ::;ul'llril,\'. There are seyeral methods by \\ 11ieh wOlllllletl mil)' 1Ie ,llpplll'lI't 1 by the hands of bearers, that is, hy rests or scats llIt1lle wiLll l W(), Unee, anLl four hands; it is scarcdy necessary to gi\'u lltelll nll ill detail, I shall therefore merely mention 1,\\'0 or three \rltidl will generally suit exigencies. "If an injured person is ahle to sit upright, aud is ft111c tn assist in holding himself up by his OIY11 anns, thu 1)e,u'e1'8 lIwy L11l'1l employ all then' hands and arms in forllling a .. eat ful' llilll; this may be done by the uearers crossing their arlllS, aml thL'll graspillg each other's hands; a space is thus left lJcL\\"eell the 1'c,uel':-3' baml .. and forearms, upon which the patient may l)e sllPllllrluLl fol' a Lime ,yith toleraule security. ({ He may be carried in a sitting position hy t,yU 1leal'Ul'S jO]llillg two of their hands beneath his thighs, ,yhile their anus, whicll are not thus occupied, are passed round his loins An efficient way of removing a woundell man in a si LLing position, is by forming a seat knOlYll undel' the name of a SULlaU ehair," and it is remarka11e how ,Yell the weight of a persull sillill;'; is borne, ,,"hen the hands and arms of tIle bearCl's are so placel1. This arrangement forms a very easy seat for tIle perSall so cnrrieel, and a very secure ODe also, if he is in a state to give himself ihe llecessaryadditional support by placil1g his arms over the shoult..lel's of the bearers. :Mr. Huntington, of the U nite<L States Al'm)"

reports most favourably of this method, as having served a good purpose when he had a ,vounded soldier carried auout three miles ,yho ,,,as unable to ride, and it was unsafe to detach a small party to seek the main command. 'cats may lJe constructed by forming a ring with a handkerchief 01' leather strap; these, lJeing firmly grasped on either side by the right and left hands of two attendants, form seats, the patient supporting himself ''lith his own hands resting on the attendants' ann' or shoulclers. An ingenious method of carrying a patient sitting up hy means 0[' two bearers and an extemporised seat, may be f01'lllull in the following manner :-T,yo stout sticks, about five f~et long, are pa sed through the inyerted sleeyes of a great-coat or tuuic/' or through a ,,"oullen jersey or stout shirt; a seat being thus form '(1, the patient is p1n.ced on it, with his back towards the front heal' '1'1 on whom he reclines, while his face is towards the rear bearcr, ,,,110 i. thus enabled to closely watch him. 2. THE OX~THUCTroX OF HAXD-LITTERS.-A patient may be so sen~l'cl,\' inj ured that he is unable to sit up, or the nature of his ,nmlHl lllay be , uch that it would be most injudicious to attempt llloying 11im in any other than the recumbent position; it Ifill, thcll, 1) nece .-':uy to can. ider what form of litter might be conHLrudcd frum lllateriaI.-' ayaib1Jle. On the field of battle, the first ll1'li~lus that . uggest themselves for forming the sides of stretchers or Ii Llcl'S are ri11e or cnxalry lances. The former may be utilised hy l)eing firmly la, bed together by their barrels, and then passed tllrullgh the inyerted sleeves of a soldier's great-coat or tunic. TJHllCCS, p()le., or ,'tout stakes may be usell in the same manner, 111ll, ,,,hen pas. iblc, two short pieces should bo laid cross-wise at ei ther end to keep the si(le poles apart. Knapsack are capa1Jle of being used in the formation of litters, lly huil1g fastenec1 ,yith their straps between poles or rifles; and by interlacing the leather belts worn by solLliers, another descriptiun of litter may be formell. * The mo t common description of an extemporised litter ,,'e hear of ill cjYil life is a door, shutter, ladder, anLl in the huntin t:>o' fleW a hunUe or a gate, which, with a ulanket, some horse-clothing, a little hay, or straw placed upon them, form ready means of transport for short distances. At railway accidents, the doors of

"_~ Tl'L'tlti:,e 011 '1'1 al1BporL of

,'i(;k and \\' OlllHlc·d Troops." Long1l101'e, L' B., p. b5.

11.\ Profcst>ol'T.

* Diagrams, representing the method of making liLfers with coats, knap ack>, and belts) will be fonnd in the" Surgeon's Pocket Book," by Surgeon-Major J. II. l>ol'Lcr, Fp. 7, 8, 0, 11, pnbli hoel by Messrs . C. Griffin and Co., LOllllon.

8 carriages and advertising boards luwe been utilise<.l. ,ViLh certain injurie , persons have been carried off the field by the body heing placed across a saddle-horse, one foot resting in a stirruI -iroll, the leather of which had been lengthened. Blankets may be used by being rolled round rifle or poles, and secured with pieces of cord or of them elye. If not ,'ecured, n. litter with a patient on it would require four bearers [or it. conveyance. Blankets, by having a loop sewn at each corner, can, with two poles or two rifles, make temporary conveyances. A loop should be sewn at each corner, and the blanket then douhlc(l oycr, so that the two loops at each end are brought together; a pole or rille can be passed through the four loops on one side, aml another 'within the doubling of the blanket on the other side. If loops hay' Hot been previously added to the 1lnnket, a small lit may he made for the same pm'pose, if the material is suffv:iently . trollg. (( A blanket may also be used by being sprea<l fully out on the ground; the patient should then be laill gently upon it in a suitable direction, and four men, laying hold of the fuur cornel'.' o[ it, raise it together, and then march with it, as nearly a.,' praetiealJle, in the same manner as if they were bearing a stretcher." 'fhi::; method is extremely bad, and shoulll never be mlul)tell unle s nothing better were available. l\1:r. Galton, ill his excell 'Ht 'work, cr The Art of Travel," recommonds a temporary liLLer, La be constructed in the following manner :-(( Cut two stout pole., a<.:h eight feet long, to make its two sides, and three cross-bar, of tiYO and a-half feet each, to be lao hed to them; then, supporting thi.· ladder-shaped framework over Lhe sick man as he lies in his ulanket, knot the blanket well to it, and so carry hinl oCf palanquin fashion." * General J aclmon, of the United States Army, used, in his expedition against the Indians, a bull's hide, suspended between two poles or muskets, upon which the patient I,as carried by two or four men, as the case might be; and raw hides of cattle found on the roads were utilised on many occasions by medical officers of the American armies. Oat and corn sacks will serve as a canvas bottom to an improvised litter, or, in an emergency, an old piece of cloth or neLting, the fragment of a tent, an outside coat, or even a pair of pontaloons.

Boards may be substituLed for cloth, in which case a sack, filled with straw, hay, leaves, or other soft material, may be laid across. LiLters may also be improvised by poles being interlaced with ordinary rope, hay rope, or telegraph wire, * something soft being lnill on Lhe Lop. Dr. Appia, of Geneva, suggests that improvised litters may be made by the shirts found in soldiers' knapsacks; polo., arc to be inserted into each shirt, and a number placed one alJoye the other. There may be some doubt, he says, about the solillity of a litter of this kind, and, before placing a patient upon it, iL . hould be tried, La in ure all being in proper order; for n(Jthing can be more eli. tressing than to see a litter break down or lJOllll under the weight of a wounded or suffering man. 'ailor. , in the same manner, may utilise thei1' woollen jerseys, lllue sergo jacket ', or (( jumpers" (I"hite smock-frocks), oars or boathooks l)oing }la.. eel through the inverted sleeves for side poles, the .. Ll' 't 'ho1' (a," uO'gested hy l\'ofessor J. D. l\Iacdonald, R.N.) of h)aL8, f:ll}()uhl such l)e available, lJeing U . ed for cross pieces. The CHllya" aWllin o ' o[ a boat will form an excellent bottom for a <;ll'l'lch 1', con.,tructed with oars or boat-hooks. "\rlwll matel'ial ' cxi,t for can tructing fascines and gabions, 1i tL '1'':i llla:v l)e malIc in the same manner. In the l{eport of L cs Ambulances de lc" Prcsse of the FrancoU el'lllnn ,.yar of 1870-71, will be found illustrations and descriptions of uch liLLer.', which appear simple in construction; and ,rllilo allmhng to material. of this de cription, I cannot but refer Lo ._cveml ingenious litter;"' c1e "'igned by urgeon-l\1ajor C. Smith, of the N" Ol'wegian Army, t which are made from strong boughs of tree.', 'which have the great advantage of being supported by leg, a llln.=:; L imporLant item in the construction of all litter . One method is by a IJorLion of a bough having at it side a branch strong enough to serve a. a leg. It requires fOlli' side pieces to make one of these liLter , each piece being bevelled at 011e end with a hatchet 01' strong knife, and two of them joined together; these are then 8LLachcd to ide poles by cords, a iers, or other material, when Lhe framework of a firm sLretcher is constructed, on which may be l)laced, for its bottom, a l)iece of canvas. Another method is by having short legs fastened into morti es in Lhe cross pieces, or the cross pieces secured in mortises in the legs, the side poles being attached with cords or osiers. I

'K-

For Diagram, see" SLll'geon's .Pochel nook," p. 12.

For Diagl'n.n1 , see The" Surgeon's Pocket Book," pp. 8, 10. A.f Clll'isLen Smith, l\Ieclecin 1\1:1.101' de l'Al'mce NOrYcgicnnc. Kri [iunia" 1877.

t " :rogle nyc Tran pOl'Lmiclier for Saarcde."

10 Hammocks have for a long time been used as a kind of improvised litter, in fact, the old patLern scarleL ash ,,,orn by our infantry officers was intended as a means for carrying the owner off the field if wounded; it represents a hammock when pulled out. The woollen scarf worn by the privates in Larrey's :Flying Ambulance (Am}mlance f'"olante), was similarly used. Except for very short distance, hammocks should not be used without poles, and like blankets without side poles are most dangerous in certain injuries, such as fractmes of the lower ex.tremities, and a 1)ro[e SOl' Longmore well remarks, have nothing to recommend them llcyollc1 being less bad than no means of support at all. "Yhell, llO\YCVer, suspended on a pole with fixed rigid support, they forll~ COJllparatively good means of transport. After the battle of Alma a Jarge number of wounded officers and lllell were COllYC,) cll to our shipping in hammocks suspended on poles, a di ,~ta llcc or three miles, and in our recent expedition to Ashaniee some of the sick and wounded were carrieel in hamlllocks and cots m-nwg<!el with suitable sunshades. HAND-WHEEL LITTERS of regular form haye hcell designcd llY l)j.Togoff, N eudorfer, N euss, Gablenz, Annult, f'l1orL11i11, allll olllel'S ; but as improvised transport they are c.lifficulL of eon, 'll'ucli()ll, as suitable materials are not likely to be available. "\Yheelll,llTO\I'K, Baron Larrey mentions as having been used after tllL: lmtUc or 13autzen in Saxony; two-thirds of the wounded ,yere trallsl lOl'L~ll to Dreselen, a distance of about thirLy miles, by the inhallitants, in a kind of \Theel-barrow used in that country for carrying pl'Oyisi()ll'3 and merchandise.* Our English wheel-barrow may ue used fur the conveyance of slightly wounded, but in consequeuce of it" construction, and it being necessary to tilt it up when in moLion, there would be considerable difficulty in maintaining a patient in even a semi-recumbent position. Hanel-barrows, such as are found at railway stations, and costermongers' hand-carts, may be utilised by having a hair-mattress or bed-case filled with hay or straw, placed on the bottom, care being taken that the patient is prevented from falling off. 3. TIlE ADAPTATION OF GENERAL SERVICE "VAGGONS, AND COUNTItY CARTS, is frequently necessary on active service for tIle evacuation of wounded men from the field hospitals to un.se hospitals, indeed, some Governments in a great measure depend

* " McmOLres de Chil'urgic 1\IiliLuil'e eL Cumpugnes de Baron L:11lcy, 1817."

the aiel of sueh transport. III extensive colliery accidenLs :lllcl other \\-orks, carts must necessarily form a large proportion of GOll veyance for the wounded. The floors should be well covered wiLh straw, hay, small branches of trees evenly placed, ferns, rnshc.', dried leaves on which the litters conveying wounded in the l'l'Ull1l1JCllt position shoulel be placed. If sacks or empty beel-cases al'e a\';tilaule, they should ue utilised and filleel with one of the al)()\'e materials, ,,,hich would giye greater elasticity by keeping jt t()gether, and so pre\Tent its eli placement from under the body of Ule patjent, which is disposed to occur from the jarring of the COll \' 'y'Ulce. Oll the Continent and in India country carts are gl'll~l'illly con, tructed with open sides; with these, one of the liLt '1'S nlrea(ly described llmde with belts, rope, hay rope or Cclllvas, llllly be .'lung \Yithin from the sille of the. cart, care being taken thtL Lhe lltshing are well secured, but not too tight or too loose. r11 the funnel' ea e the liLter would receive the impulse from the lHHly of the cart, and in the latter it would knock against its sides. ~lll'gll()l1-::\In.iol' :'mith has here also added to our list of extemporised wlteele(l tralLporL a 1110 t convenient adaptation of the country cart, 1ly which he has actually contributed springs made from stout lHJllgl1 . ()f tree ~. The arrangement consi ts in one of a rough pole l)~iJlg la:hed to the front of the top-side rail of the waggon out ide the hus, anoLher is similarly lashed to the rear, this being done at lJOLh silles, cro., poles are lashed to the free end of the side poles; thc.'c cross pole snpport the litters ,vhich are lashed to them. In tlli.-:; manner the \youlllled in tra\-elling have the adYtmtage of the sprillg of Lhe longitudinal poles, but to keep 'w ithin limits bands of o-;i~l' are placed loosely around them and the top side of the \\ aggon.* At home our country cart is generally ,,,hat is known as the " hox carL" on two wheels, or the long four-,yheel waggon, usually 'i\-ithout springs; they can be made comparatively comfortaule for short clistances by using an ordinary hair-mattress, or fillillg a sack (l1' cmpty bed-case with straw or other material, and at great works where accidents are likely to occur, it might be as ,yell to haye a few sacks or bed-cases always ready to place on the first available eart, in the event of nothing better being at hanel.

n}l()ll

* l'i' ogle nye Tl'ullspol'lmidler for Suurede af Chri ten Smith, lIIel1ecill Major de l'al'llIee N Ol'Ycgielll1e, n,llc1 Rcpol'L on Lhe Appliances for Aid Lo the ic:k allLl \\'Ollllclc(l in \Val'. Exhibited in Brusseb Exhibition of 1 76, by mgcon-Gcneral 1'. Lun:!;lllOl'C, U.J3.

12 Spring vans of some kind or another are noarly always to be found in village, and form mo, t easy conveyance by simply having an ordinary hair-mattress placed on the floor. In N e"w Zealand, ,,,here the two-wheeled cart is in common use, urgeon-l\lajor lanley, V.c., utilised it with advantage. He say" eaGh drag or two-wheeled cart took two wounded. Two hospitnl bOll-cases were filled with fre h fern and placed on thom. If the WOlUllI ,"as of the upper extremity, or through the chest, more fern were placec1 under the bed-case, so as to raise the front half of it, l)y which means the man could sit in the recumbent position; if of the lower extremities, the other end of the bell was also rai 'eel, ,0 as to elevate the legs and thighs above the body. This ,ya found a very good position for amputation of leg, or thigh. By these arrangements and the proper clistribution of the ~iL:k, that i,', a slightly wounded man placed along ille one 1Jac.lly ,,'oUllelell, marches of 20 and 25 miles were made with compamtiye comfort. In Inelia long and comparatively comfortable journeys haye been made by placing a ({ dhooley» in a country cart filled with fresh straw. The dhooley should be lashed to the side rails of the cart to prevent it toppling over. Hammocks, I am informed, are frequently used in Au, tralia, suspended in country waggons, which are very long, amI 11y moans of uprights at either end secured with strong cords, they arc capn 1110 of being fully stretched. Meclical men being few and far lJetweell) it is sometimes necessary to convey the sick or wounded to them over considerable distances. The hammock arranged as above has been found satisfactory as an extemporised conveyance. THE

CO~STRUCTION OF HOSPITAL

R..tULWAY

G"u{RIAGF.S

AXD

V Al,\S has of late years interested several Foreign Powers) the dispersion of the disabled being of so much importance, and so easily affected by steam power. l\1agnificent hospital trains for the transport of sick and wounded have been organised on the Continent and in America, but at home we fortunately have no necessity for this elaboration; it may, however, occur that we are called upon to utilise orclinary railway carriages, vans, or goods' waggons, and improvise some means for transporting sick or injured in them. l\fattresses and bed-sacks have been used in America filled with straw and laid on the floor of a waggon, but they were not considered comfortable in consequence of the jarring caused by the vibration of the conveyance, giving rise to grave results in augmenting suffering; this was to a great extent obviated by

first pla<5ing a thid~ lJl;ll of fern and straw on the floor beneath the lllftttre, s. A thiek byer of loose, traw, hay, or 18~wes has been used, hut the,'c 'were fuullllllef'ectiyc llmte1'ials for affording ela. ticity in long c1i~Lftnces, as they hecome rapidly lli. 'placed frolll under the lJodies of the patient, acculllulating ill heaps, and easily broken up and mattcll. vVe find, hO\vever, that after the battle of Olustee in 18G-±, wbere the 'iyounc1ec1 of the nion side numbered over 1,100 serious CftSC::l of compouml fracture and of penetrating wounds of cavities, AssisLant-f 'nrgeon J. II. Janeway, U .•. A., states they were transported on freight cars bedded with pine boughs, palmetto leaves) auLl a slllall allowance of straw, covered ,,,ith bl~ll1kets. The train 1ll0l'etl ,lowly, making a journey of nearly 50 miles, and the l'a.li 'ut, ,\'110 had ullllergone amputation, and others severely ill.inru<l, cmnplnillcc1 hut little of tIle rough method of transit.* \ Vllcll sLra \y or other inflammable materials are used, precautions should be taken against fire. The inventions of General Zavo(lu(l~ky, of ,"t. l>etel'sburgh, for preyenting all ohock from the ll1otion of goods' ,,'nggolls were described at the Annual General l\Ieeting of the Onler in 187G, and are pulJFshed in the Report for tll' Y ar, to which I would invite your attention. In the same H 'port is n, method for adapting OUT second-class railway carriages fur the reception of litter,. , which is simple, and might be found u 'cful at railway accidents. The sn. pen ~ion of hammocks in railway vans appears to have hoen submitted to the Pl'ussian Government ill 1859 by Professor Gm'lt, of Berlin; but it was fOllld in practice, by his method, that thc panels of yans \\'olud not sustain the weight of the loaded hammocks, and that the great swaying movement induced vertigo or led to collisions. It was, therefore, not approved of. Since then Dr. Dayy, of , VestlllinsLer Hospital, has been carrying invalids in hammocks FiUspended in railway vans, and with, I believe, satisfactory results. In trying his method with lessrs. Seydel's twine hmnl1locks on the London and outh-, Vestern Railway, I founel there ,,,as considerable lateral motion or swing, but without any shock or jerk. The motion was not uncomfortable, but it might have at first caused some alarm to a nervous patient. To obviate the dimculties respecting the panels not sustaining the weight, as ,vas fonnd in Professor GurU's method, I have introduced tempo'*'

"A RcporL on PInns for TranspoJ'ting Wounded Solcliers hy Ritil"u.y in Time of \Yal'." By. G. A. Otis, .1 .A., p. .

1.)

uprights, frolll whie.h the h~11llmlwk8 a1\! tll 1)(: hung 1,,)' ('itil(')' hooks or cords; aml to prevent the swaying motion I place a piecl' of stick, ahout two feet long anLl as thick as a broom-handle, horizontally uUller each patient's knee., snpporting it at either ewl by cords fastened to the roof [Iud fioor, a shown in mOllel antI illustration.* ,Vith these cords there is little or no s\mying" motion, and the patient is as comfortable as in a first-cla~,' railway carriage. For the transport of our ilwalids in Inclin I believe the twine hammocks of Seydel would be fmmd invalua hIe. Slung in a well-ventilated waggon, they would afford coolne~s, ease, and comfort to the unfortunate sufferers ,,-ho h~we to make long journeys under mo t unfavourable circumstance .. It has suggested itself to me that our ship' hammocks might be utilised were we fighting in a country in ,,-hich rail,ynys were available for conveying our sick or 'iyounded to a port of elllharkation. There are two special points to be attelll1ell to in u'ing hammocks in railway vans: one is to hayc them stretched as tight as possible, and the other to place the vans containing thcm in the centre of the train, so as to haye the least amount of lateral motion. THE AD.AJ>TATIO~ OF TKUIERS, AILIXU-, 'mp,', AXD Hrnm BOATS as an exte:!1ll)orised means of transport has been fou1l<l most practicable, affording great ease and comfort to the . ie.].;: awl wounded when properly conducted. During any campaign or expedition in which England has been engflged, water traIl. port was an absolute necessity, and it may be in the recollceLioll or some, that during the Crimean war our marine sick transport was conducted with the most primitive ideas of hygiene. Thi:-3 cnn scarcely occur again, with the yaluable instructions on that snlljcct left us by the late Professor Parkes. In the late American \\,~11', when the basis of operations was contiguous to thc sea-boanl, 01' to the great water-courses, the sick and wouncled wcre rcmo,-et1 in steamers, and the hospital transport on the Atlantic an(l nIississjppi and its tributaries formed a large flat. In Inc.ba, beforc rail ways were introduced) country boats were extensively used on navigal>1e rivers, and only recently, dUTing the Turco-Servian \\-al', barges, or river boats, we.re utilised by Baron ~lundy, of the Austrian army, and some of our own agents. ~lr . Barrington Kennett, in his report to the National Society for Aid to the Sick and ,Voundec1, speaks

most fa:vouralJly of the lll,\,llner in whieh patients were cOllyeyc(l Jll hn'ges hetween Belgrade and other Danube stations. It does not Hppear n ce '<;ary ill this paper to euter into all the details required ill extelllporising watcr transport, as yessels differ so materially in different countries, lJut when called upon to make use of it, I 'would . uggest the follu,..,.illg points being attended to :-SeJect roomy yessels; tl'ertt the sick as far as possible on deck, with suitalJle protecLioll from weather; when there are two decks, the W()],st cascs . houlll be on the upper one. Arrangements should be lJ1:111e for the separate YClltilation of each compartment or deck, for lighting, ,varming, \vflshing, cooking, disinfecting, supply of 11Urc d l'illl:ing '''fltCT, conservancy. and accommodation for the penonncl. 4. HonSE LITTE1l8.-The last suhject on transport I shall refer tn i ' thc construetion of horse littcrs, which may be carried by one or two horses. The one-horse litter is an extemporaneous COll\,('yanco, one end of \"hich rests on the ground, the other being secm'ed to fl horse or mule, so that the patient is only partially su tained. This is known as the t1'C17;ee, or, as some call it, the I/'(/ mi...'':It hflS lJcen mentioned by early tnwellers among North American I11l1ian,', nnd I\U'kman, in his (( Hi tory of the Conspiracy 0[' runtiac fllH1 the '\Yl1r of the X orth American Tribes in 18G3," staLe t11flt thc colonist carried their wounded by this contrivance. In civi1ised warfare wc arc not likely to bc called upon to make usc of . uch apparently rough transport, but one neYer knows when circumstflnces may arise in which a knowlcdge of its construction may be turned to good account, more especially as we learn from II'. G. Otis, of ,Vashington, that lately it has receiyed much aUention from the )Uedical Officers of the United States army as lJeing well adapteLl for the exigencies of frontier service; and :;\Ir. Gih:;on, of thc alove army, in remarking on it, says : (( The old traditional t I'ClL'ois, with its rude construction and apparent jmpcrfcctions, is in reality a great boon. It is open to olJjection) but when the nature of the service, character of the country, and limited facilities are taken into consideration, the t1'({"cois comes prominently fonvard, as rt menns paT excellence, for the transport of the llisabled." In one campaign, he continues, two cases, that of shot fracture of the tlligh and injury of the bip joint) in which its advantages were questionable, were carried rt distance of fifty or sixty miles with the utmost comfort, and in their subsequent

l'al'y

:)I<

:i\.Iodel and Ilh.slrntion have been presented to (he Order of St. J 01111, and may be seen at St. John's Gatl', C'bkemrell.

* "Report on tho Transport of Sick and Wounded by Pack AnimalS." Otis, U.S.A., p.20.

By G. A.

IJ IG tr:1ns[er to mnlmlance 'iY:1ggons or to s'iyinging liLLers in army 'iyagsons, their expressed preferences for the t~"at'ois were most pronounced. Another medic:1l gentleman of the smne service, in comparing its adyantn.ges with that knO'iyn as the (( two-horse litter," which is supported at either end hy a hoI'. e or lllule,* hut which is almost too complicated and exten. ive to he con idered under the head of extemporaneous tmnsport, remark., (( The tmYois, on the contrary, is easily constructed, requires hut one animal, and only one man to manage it; and should the horse or mule from any reason become unmanageable, the p:1tient has only to roll oil~ being but a few inches from the ground, and there rare rUllS Yery little risk of being injured. The tmvoi is yery easy of con. trnction, and with a limited supply of tools, finding my. elf one day several miles in the rear of the coluDln with a . ick oHicer unable to tmvcl on horseback, I succeeded in con trncting a yery comforLallle one in the course of an hour, using small pine trees for poles, and interlacing the lariets of the horses between the poles for the support of the patient. In this case the only tool available w 1'e our l)olt knives. I n conclusion, I would remark that, even with the be t de.~crip tion of transport, much injury m:1y be occa ioned, and "light wounds formed into grave ones, by lUlskilled per.ons attempting to remove the disabled. With a view to avoid such unfortunate results, which, I regret to say, but too often occur, the Order of St. John has instituted a great work, which marks an era in the progress of civilization and humanity, by establishing training classes throughout the country, whereby an element of skilled aid. may be diffused and sufferers receive the benefit of proper care and attention. I n our regular army and volunteers a sinlilar movement has been made by Sir ' Villiam Muir, Director-General of the Army Medical Department, and by Surgeon-General Munro, G.B., President of the Volunteer Ambulance Department, in organising bearer companies, by which the troops, whether in peace or war, shall have the advantage of skilled aid when being moved by regular or extemporaneous conveyances.

REPO RT OF THE OHAPTEl{ OF TJTE

READ AKD ADOPTED AT TllE GEl ERAL ASSE:MBLY,

T. JOIL\,"'S GATE, CLERKE~rwELL, OX

ST. JOHN BAPTIST'S DAY, 1878, lIis Gmce The DUKE OF }'IANC~[{EST'ER, K . P ., L 01'd P n'o?', z. P?'esiding.

L O N DO N: HARRIS ON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE

* "Report on the Transport of Sick and Wounded by Pack Animals." Otis, U.S.A., p. 20.

Printers in Ordina1'Y to H el' lJfaj"es(Ij,

By G. A.

1878.

[;nrcol!olict'. This Office i at present vacant. ~orb ~riot'.

HIS GRACE WILLI i l l DROGO, DUKE OF MANCIJESTER, K.P.

. g§ I,

~i1ilHf of Q;ngle. The Right IIonble. WILLLUI lliNRY, BA.RON LEIGII.

~omnntnber of 3!.)llnleu <castle. Sir ED:dIUND A. II. LECIlliERE, B:.Lft. JU P., F .. A.

6:ge {!;;ouncil. P7 esident-General Sir JOlIN ST. GEORGE, K.C.B. :Major-General the lost IIonble. the JUarquis CONYNGIIllI. The Right Honble. the Earl of DGDLEY. I ' . . The Right Rev. the Lord Bishol of T. ALBANS, (ClwplalH-G(;//C7 a~. Sir EDWARD G. L. PERROTT, Bart. Lieut.-General Sir H. C. B. DAUBE TEY, K.C.B. JOHN FITRLEY, Esq. Colonel JA:dIES BOURNE, 1LP.

<bncutio.c <Dfficcrs. (Who are ex-officio JJIembers of the Council.)

Chancello1·-Geueral Sir J OIIN ST. GEORGE: K.C.B. SecTetary and Receive1'-Sir E. A. II. LEcn~IERE, Bart., M.P., F ..A. Almone1'-General the Viscount TElIIPLETOWN, R.C.B. RegistTa1,-Lieut.-Co]onel GOULD "YESTON, F.S.A.. Genealogist-(Efeld in Commission). Lib1Yl1'ian-EDWIN FRESHFIELD, Esq., :M.A., F.S.A. A ssistant-Secreta7'y-Captain PERROTT. Ambulance Departme1d-Director: Major FRANCIS DUNCAN, R.A.., M.A..,

D.C.L., LL.D. Banke1's-The LONDON AND WEST;.\IlNSTER BANK, 1, St, James's Sq., S.W. Jewelle1·s-Messrs. PnILLIPs, Cockspur Street, S.W.

Communications may be addressed to the Secretary of the Order of St. John, St .•Tohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.

REPORT. TIlE Ohapter of the Order of St. J olm presents the fullOlying llepol't to the General Assembly. Admissions to the Order have been made during the past year, as follows : -

Chevalie?' oj Justice-Rupert O. F. Dallas, Esq. (late Lieutenant and Adjutant 98th Regiment). Chaplain- Hev. W. K. R. Bedford, M.A. Dame Che7xlliere oj Justice-(Honorary) II.I{.H. the reigning Grand Duchess of Baden. Chevaliers oj GTClce-Frank P. Fellows, Esq., F.S.A.; Robert MacLean :lUacLean, Esq. (promoted from Donat). EsqlliTCs-Alexander .1Uackintosh Shaw, Esq.; John Harvey Hooper, Esq., 1\14.. Hono}'cl1'!} Associate-J\ljcLael L2seron, Esq., 1\1.D. Donats-J\liss Lydia A. Stil1ingfieet; Thomas Armstrong, Esq. ; Frederick Harvey, Esq. The Order sustained in December last a very seri.ous 10sR by the death of its Registrar, the :Frere Chevalier Iticharcl vYoolfe. From his admission to our ranks until his last illnes~, 1\1r.

,V oolfe devoted himself to the interests of the Order with a zeal and enero'y inspired not only by his conviction of the legitimate claims the English Langue as one of the existing clivisions of the ancient Order of 1\Ialta (in the defence of which he was ever ready to wield an able pen) but also by his recognitio~ ~f the Order of St. John as a practical instrument for the aSsoclatlOn of men of mah aims in the cause of active philanthropy. Nor w:re his labours confined to the more special duties of his important office of Registrar. As the Receiver of the 'Vorcestershire (Hanley Oastle) Oommandery) he undertook the control and supervision of the issue of diets to the convalescent pati 'nt of the vVorcester Provident Dispensary) which) under a y tem of careful investigation and periodical visits to the home of the recipients by memhers of the Order) has been att nded hy eminently satisfactory results)-results frequenlly and gralefully acknowledged by the medical staff of that e tauli. hment. 1\1r. W oolfe felt yery strongly that the increasing u efulne of the Order of St. J obn as a national institution gaye it a claim for support beyond that deri,Ted from the annual payll1C'llt of il members and associates) and that the time had arriyed for sugge ting that its charitable and humane objecls might appropriately be remembered in the wills of members and others having the interests of the Order at heart. A form of bequest was accordingly prepared by him and app~nded to our tatutes) * and t.rust. es ,Y.lre appointed in whose names any legacy bequeatbed to the Engh h Langue might be legally in-vested. 1\1r. Woolfe was the first to l)l~t in force the principle which he had himself ac1yocated. By blS will he bequeathed to the lleceiyer for the time being of the Order of St. John of J erusalem) upon the death of either of certain two annuitants) the sum of one thousand l)ounds in aid of the charitable purposes of the Order. He bequeathed his books and papers relating to the Ord r to the Secretary) who has placed the former in the library as the gifts of the deceased) whilst the more important of the latter have been handed over to the Ohancellor) for careful preservation in the archives. As a special mark of respect for bis memory) the Obapter deputed some of its members to attend bis funeral) which took place in the Oemetery at \Vorcester) and the Burial Service was read by two of the Chaplains of the Order.

At the first Ohapter held after his death) the following resolution was passed :(( The Ohapter) at its first meeting since the lamented decease of its valued confrere) tbe Chevalier Richard ,Voolfe) Registrar of the English Langue) desires to place upon record its deep sense of the great loss which the Order has sustained by the death of one whose long and faithful servicAs have been of so -valuable a nature) and whose manly and aule defence of the position of the English Langue will ever be remembered with admiration and gratitude by his surviving confr res." It wa also resolved that a suitable memorial) consisting of an engraved Brass inserted in a marble slab) should be designed and prepared at the co t of the Ohapter) with a view to its being erected in the crypt of 't. J ohn)s Church) and that until arrangements can be made for its erection there) it should be placed in the Ohapter-room. A de 'ign aUlI e timate have been obtained and submitted to the hapter) and the ,york is now in hand. The Bra. s) on which the al'lllS of the deceased are engraved) bears the following inscription :In fraternal remembrance of the Frere Chevalier Richard ,YooUe) F.;'. .) descended from the ancient and loyal family of ,Voolfe) of 1\Iadeley) co. alop) Registrar of the English Langue of the overeign Order of 't. John of Jerusalem) who died on the XVI day of December) 1\IDOOOLXXVII) aged LVI years) and was buried in the Oemetery at ,\Vorcester. In life a zealous hospitaUer) a faithful brother) and a liberal benefactor of the Order) in death he left an honoured memory which his confreres desire to perpetuate."

'*' The for111 of bequest will be found at the end of this Report.

The following alterations have been made in the Roll:The Frere Ohevalier Oolonel W eston has) at the unanimous Registrar. request of the Ohapter) accepted the office of Registrar) vacant by the death of 1\Ir. ,Voolfe. The Frere Ohevalier of Grace Edwin Fl'eshfield has been Librarian. appointed Oolonel Weston)s successor in the office of Librarian. The Frere Ohevalier Oaptain Fortescue having resigned the Almoner. office of Almoner) the Frere Ohevalier General Viscount Templetown) K.o.B.) has undertaken to discharge the duties of that department) the Esquire H. O. :Maxwell Lyte having offered to

7 render any aid during Lord Templetown's absence from London, as Assistant Almoner. The office of Genealogist is still held in commi. sion. The perioll of three years for which they held their respective offices having expired, the following officer" have been re-elected:C7wncellor-General Sir John St. George, R.C.B. SecTctaTY ancl Receive?'-Sir Edmund Lechmere, Bart., n1.1). Assistant SecTctaTy-Captain Perrott. The work of the Ambulance Department has increa ed so considerably during the year, and is extending 0 rapidly that it has been absolutely necessary to provide the Director with some further assistance, and the Frere Chevalier Uupert . F. Dallas has been appointed Assistant Director. The period having expired for which the seven elcctetl members of the Council held office) the following members of the Ord l' have been elected by the Chapter to serve, with the Executive Oilicers, as the Council for the three years nex.t ensuing :General Sir John 'to George, R.C.D., President. The 1Iarquis Conyngham. The Earl of Dudley. Sh Ed ward G. L. Perrott, Bart. Lieut.-General Sir H. C. B. Daubeney, R.G.13. John Furley, Esq. Colonel James Bourne, M.P. Changes have been made in the Statutes (1875), and Regulations (1872), as follows :Object No. V Statute:i. Page 4. cc The furtherap.ce of such charitable objects as those which originated the National Society of Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War, the establishment of which in England was initiated lJy tIlls Order, and the promotion of such permanent organizations during time of peace as shall be at once available on OCClurence of any necessity for active exertion." Statute 5.-To add after word cc Chapter," second line, and the election must be unanimous. Candidates for election as members being proposed at one Chapter, and their election taken at the Chapter next following, Royal personages excepted." C(

In the R eguiations (1872), No.9, line 1, the words (( elected by the Chaplains, and" are omitted.

The bl"Ouze medal of the Order has been awarded to George Patmore, of H ertford, a young man nineteen years of age, who seized and held a mad dog (which had previously bitten three persons, and several other dogs), until it was killed by the police. In the absence of the Bishop of St. Albans, who was prevented by other engagements from attending, the medal was presented by the Mayor of Hertford. ne of the most interesting events in the proceedings of the Onler during the l)ast year was the presentation by Major Duncan, 011 behalf of the Lord Prior, of the silver medals of the Order to John \Villiam Howell, Isaac Pride, ,Villiam Beith and Daniel Thomas, the four men who were most conspicuous in the rescue of the imprisoned miners in the Tyne"wydd Colliery accident, in April, 1877, and to 1\1r. Thomas Errington W ales, H er Maj esty's In. pector of l\Iines for , outh " Tales, ,yho, sharing the danger of the e gallant men, risked his life in the cause of humanity. 1he presentation was made at Pont}1widd, amidst the greatest enthusiasm, in the presence of the Lord l\layor of London, tLe Lonl Lieutenant of Glamorganshire, Lord Aberdare, who repre.:::iented ITer laj esLy the Queen, severall\lembers of Parliament, and about 50,000 people from the neighbolU'ing to,Yns and villages. At the Chapter held on the 11th of December, the thanks of the Chapter were conyeyell to l\1ajor Duncan by a resolution expressing its « appreciation of the efficient and felicitous manner in ,yhich he represented the Order of St. John, upon a public occasion of so much importance and jnterest." The principal work in which the Order has been engaged since the last General Assembly has been the gradual development of the Ambulance Department, and the formation of an Ambulance Association in connection 'ivjth the Order. It has been a subj ect long and carefully considered by the Chapter, and is intended to supply not only the acknowledged want of some organization in time of peace preparative for hospital and ambulance service in aid of the military authorities of this country in case of war, but also to provide instruction in the first aid to be given to those injured by the ordinary and frequent accidents incidental to everyday existence.

A very successful meeting to inaugurate the Ambulance Association in connection with the Order was held in London in :February last, under the presidency of ir E. Lechmere, the Chairman of the Association, in the unavoidable absence of the Lord Prior. I n re ponse to all appeal sent to members and associates of the Order, a guarantee fund, amounting to £2)330) has been subscribed with a view to enable the Order to enter without delay upon all necessary preparations in ca e of a war in which England may be engaged) and pending the receipt of assi tance froli the general public. The Chapter desires to convey to those memhers and associates of the Order who have thus generou ly re pOllllecl to these appeals their grateful ackno,dedgments. It will be unnecessary to enter further upon this uhject here, as a most careful and exhaustive Report has been prepared by Major Duncan, the Director of the Ambulance Department, which has been approved and adopted by the Chapter) and will be read by him to the General Assembly. The Chapter cannot pas oyer this able report without acknowledging the indefatigable labouT of the Director) who, notwithstanding his many other public dutie. and private ngagement., has spared no time or personal convenience to insure the succes of the movement. The Chapter desires to convey to l\Iajor Duncan its sense of the obligations which it, in common with every member of the Order) owes to him for the great exeTtions he has made to promote that rapid and satisfactory progress of the Ambulance Associatiun of the Order, mainly due to his lmtiring efforts. The Almoner reports that q.uring the past year, as heretofore, diets of nourishing food have been admiuistered by the Nursing Sisterhood of St. John's House, at the expense of the Order, to convalescent patients from Charing Cross and King's College H ospitals, 68 of whom received the diets for periods varying from one week to thTee. A large number of hospital letters have also been distl'ibuted by the Almoner on behalf of the Order. The Commander of the W orcestershire (H anley Castle) Cornman dery reports :" D1uing the past yegI the work of the Commandery, in issuing

diets among the convalescent patients recommend8d by the medical staff of the Worcester Dispensary, has, as previously, been carried on. The system has, however, been improved, as each case is now selJarately investigated by our Serving-Brother, Thomas Birch, which has resulted beneficially. As the expense of providing the diets increased annually, the Provincial Chapter called the attention of the committee of the di. pensary to the fact, and it has now been arranged that, as the dispensary committee highly appreciated the systelll, they shall provide a certain number of diets before those furnished by the Commandery shall be distributed. Thus it will be seen by the return below that a smaller number dUTing the pa. t year has been issued by the Commandery in consequence of thi arrangement with the dispensary. cc The follOlying is the return as far as the Commandery is concerned :Quarter ending

29th 25th 25th 21th

eptember, 1 77 .... . . 1 December, 1 77 :\Iarch, 1 7 June, 1 7 I, " ' , .0·0

••

Total. . . ... ..

No. of Patients.

Number of Diets.

12 17 20 19

175 231 350 252

0 1 0 0

1,008

Cost per Diet.

d. 10

10~

Total cost, £46 9s. 3d.

The Commandery, in common with the Order generally, has felt the severe 10 s of its Receiver) the Chevalier Richard Woolfe, more especially as he took the greatest possible interest in the working of the diet system, by the careful attention which he was able to give to details, contributing largely to its success. The Esquil'e, John H. Hooper) has accepted the office of Recei\Ter to the Commandery, and the Esquire) E. S. Sanderson, has been appointed Almoner." (I

The Committee of the Worcester Dispensary in their last Report, state :The arrangement made vvith the Order of St. J OM for the supply of diets to the patients has been attended with the most satisfactory results." II

The Chapter is glad to be able again to record exertions in aid of humanity of some of its members and associates during the past and present years.

J Llne last, aITordeu the Chapter much satisfaction, as it was a direct trilmte to the manner in which he discharged his duties as OOlllmissioner to the joint committees of the Order of St. John aml the X n,tional Aid Society in the Turco-Servian War. It affords the Chapter still greater pleasure to ",velcome ~fr. Kennett upon his return, a.ml to congratulate him upon the successful results of his mission. Although he was assisted by a very efficient sLaff, .1\11'. Kennett's laoour and responsi1ility were of no ordinary na,ture, as may be realizcu from the fact that chuing the year which has elapsed since June last he has carried out the organi,mLioll and direction of hospitals in no less than nine places in European Turkey an(l . Asia, as well as field ambulances, a sauitary service, mILl the railway transport.

The Viscolmtess Strangford, amidst actual personal danger, many privations, and the greatest difficulties, has continued the O'ood work of succour to the sick and wounded so generously b undertaken by her at the commencement of the late war. After the occupation by the Russians of Sophia, at the close of the year 1877, all communication with the outer worlu. oeing cut off, and unable to procure the supplies necessary for continuing her work, towards the end of January, 1878, Lady trangford was compelled to give up her hospital at Sophia and send her nurses home to Englanu, proceeding herself to Constantinople, and removing thence to Scutari, where she has re-e taolished h r hospital in two houses given her by the ultan. lim'e, with indefatigable and untiJ.'ing energy, she is still occupied in her humane efforts of tending the sick and wounuec1. T ouri l)a ha, the SurO'eon-General of the Ottoman Army, after a critical b examination, has pronounced this to be a model hospital. At a short distance from it, Lady Strangford has a]so opened a Home for the children of refugees, who 'were uying in gTeat numbers from typhoid fever and starvation.

In August last the Chevalier John Furley was requested 1Jy the Council of the British National Aid ociety to proceed to Montenegro as Special Commissioner, with a view to his enquiring into the state of the hospitals and their requirements. He proceeded direct to Cettinge, and subsequently to Nichsics, in \yhich fortress the Turks "were at that time closely besieged. After having visited all the hospitals, suggested improvements in the system of transport for sick and wounded, and relieved some pressing necessities, Mr. Furley returned to England, where he has since been occupied in dispensing the sum placed at his disposal by the National Aid Society. Mr. Furley's services have been warmly acknowledged by Prince Nicholas and his ministers, as well as by the delegates in Montenegro of the Russian Red Cross Society. The selection of our Honorary Associate, Mr. V. Barrington Kennett, by the Stafforu. House Committee as its Commissioner in

The efforts of Dr. Laseron, an Honorary Associate of the Order, who snpcrintcmletl thc nursing of the patients at the English ]10 'pital at Bdgratle in l87G, a.re also deserving of notice. DlU'ing the pre cut year, after orcrallizing a large hospital at ,Vurclino, he w'nt to Hustchuck, where he opened a similar establishment, a work ",yhich has since mOllopolised both his time and efforts. r ll<n\' ill~', as we Llo, the atlmimhle services rellLlered by Dr. LaseroD, aml hi:) llmrotion to the sick and woundeLl in tlle Belgrade hospital, the gratitude of the olJject.'3 anLl reci}!ients of llis humane efforts lllay wdl lJC illlaginCll. The TIcceiver's Accounts, which have been examined and aucliteLl, sho"\V a cash balance to the credit of the Order, at the London aml ,Vestminster Bank, of £77 17s. lId. The balance on the ~leclnl Account is £GO Os. 5cl. The capital of the Order amounts t.o £G88, consisting of £288 invested in £ 120 5s. Bank Stock and £JOO inyested in Queensland 4 per cent. Government DonLls. The Chapter has hall uncler its consideration the necessity of increasing the income of the Order, and they have decided upon raising the annual oolations in the case of all future candidates for admission to the Order, as follows :Chevaliers of Justice £5 Ohevaliers of Grace ,) Escluires .. :2 .)

12 The Librarian reports that the following additions have been made to the library since St. John's Day, 1877 :NAME OF WORK.

DONOR.

Dr. '. hrimpton. Histoire de St. Loui , Rois de France, Paris, 1617 Duc eli Brolo. l\woli Storico Genealogische della Casa Candida .... Sir )luu'le' Daubeney. Grose's" Antiquities," (12 vol.) .... Paris Exllibition, 1 67, Catalogue, &c. (-1 vols.) " Guillim's 'Di play of Heraldry" .... " " Barrett's " History of Bristol" " Companions of the Conqueror. By Planche. (2 vols.) " " Mr. John Furle),. Paris dming the Siege. By arcey Red Cross Operations in the North of France, 1 70-72 .... " " Operations of t~e 1: ational Aid ?ciety _~uring the Rus o-Turki h War. October 2uth, 181/. Pa.mph. " t. " 'eorge. ir John Barons by Tenure. By Sir Thomas t. George. Treatise on the Trd.nsport of ick and W vunded Troops. The Author. By Deputy Inspector-General T. Longmore .... Manual of Exercises for Stretcher-Bearers and Bearer Companies. By SLugeon Saudford Moore, M.B., F.S.S. The English in Spain. ] 834-40. By Major Fraucis Duncan, R.A. Bulletin International des Societes de ecoms aux Purchased. Milita:iJ:es Blesses. umbers 26 and 2 ir E. Lechmere. Ditto ditto J os. 1-1, 15, 26 (Duplicate) Map of London divided into Ecclesiastical District . aptaiu Fortescue. 1: ew Edition .... .... .... .... National Aid Society. Report of the TUTco- ervian apta.in Perrott. War, 1876-7 "Canada." Two L ectures delivered by Iajor F. Dlllcan, RA., at the Russell Institution, 1 71-2. Major Duncan. Pamphlets .... Historical Notices of the Royal ATtiliery, No. II. Pamph. and No. III. Pamph ..... " "Ambition's Dream." A Political-Social Essay. Pamph. " Letters relating to the Operations of .the ational Aid Society during the Russo-TurkIsh ~ar. Dated January 1st, 1878. Ditto, dated Apnl 1st, 1 78. 'aptain Perrutt. Pamphlets .... Le Pape Roi d'Italie. Par Ie Duc de Bustelli-Foscolo de The Author. Marignan .... Miscellaneous P apers. By the late Rev. Thomas Hugo, Captain Fortescue. M.A. Report of the Metropolitan and National Nursing Association, 1878.... .... .... .. ..

Also the following works bequeathed to the Order by the late Registrar, the Frere Chevalier Richard ,Voolfe :Spirit of Chivalry. Bigsby. Orders of Knighthood. Hanson. Ordres de Chevalerie. De Genouillac. History of the Cr usades. Procter. National Honours, &c. Bigsby.

Sta.tlltes of the Order of the Garter. Thistle. " " St. Patrick. " " " " " " the Guelphs. Dictionnaire Historique des Ordres de Chevalerie. De Geuouillac. ITi tory of the Gate of t. John. Foster. Hi. tory of Chivalry. Mills . llospitc'1.11aria. Sir Richard Broun, Bart. ITi toire des Chevaliers Hospitaliers. fontagnac. Order of St. John of J ern alem Statutes. " " " Tracts. Memoir of the Knights of Malta. Bigsby. Malta and its Knights. Col. Whitworth Porter, RE. Hi Lory of the Knights of Malta. Col. Whitworth Porter, R.E. 2 vols. Ho. pit:tller in England. ReV'. L. B. Larking, M.A. Anci ut and Iodern lalta. Also the Hi tory of the Knights of St. J olm of J eru alem. 3 vol. Louis de Boisgelin.

In addition to the ackno"irledgments accorded for the above donations, the thanks of the Chapter have been given to :1\1rs. Forte. cue, the wife of our late Almoner) for copies made by her of two old pictures in the pos ession of Sir Edmund Lechmere, r pre. eutin e,. a 'tandard Dearer of the Order at J\lalta and one of the former Bishops of :Malta, and to Colonel and JUrs. Gould ,Yeo ton for their hauclsome gift of four old pictures) suitably framed) of Guillaume Ie Rat, Guillaume de Villaret) Jean de Lastic, alld J ean-Baptiste Orsini) Grand J\lasters of the Order, all of which adorn the "alls of the Chapter-room. In December last) an addre. s of congratulation was submitted to the Dame Chevaliere Her Royal Highness the Princess of vVales, on the recovery of His Royal Highness Prince Albert Victor from his recent severe illness, expressive also of the sympathy of the Chapter with Her Royal Highness in her recent deep anxiety. This address was favourably accepted and acknowledged by Her Royal Highness with the gracious expression of her warmest thanks. The Chapter also deemed it within their province) as a brallch of the overeign Order of JVlalta, to senel an illuminated address to His Majesty the King of Italy) expressing their sorrow at the death of his illustrious father, and offering their congratulations on his accession to the throne. His Majesty, in reply) deigned to communicate to the English Langue the pleasluable sense he entertained of the mark of respect shown to his august parent and to himself.

14 In transmitting to Her Royal Highness the reigning Grand Duchess of Baden her Diploma as an Honorary Dame Chevalicre of the Order) the Chapter recorded the condolence of the mem bel's of the Langue with Her Royal Highness in her alL-iety on behalf of her august father the Emperor of Germany) and a ured her of their fervent de iTe for his speedy recovery. A communicatiun from Her Royal Highness has been received exprc sive of great gratification at her election and at the deep sympathy and kind wishes conveyed.

TR USTEES.

The Right Honule. Lord LEIGH. Sir EDMUND A. H. LECIIMERE, Dart.) M.P. General Sir JOIIK ST. GEORGE) K.C.B.

The anonymous attack made in one of the leading ne,Yspnpcrs upon the position of the English Langue) which "as followed hy a letter in the same journal from a l)rominent mcmber of the Roman Association of the Order of St. J olm in London) was met 1y the Secretary, Sir Edmund Lechmere) and by the Frere 1heyalier Colonel Whitworth Porter) R.E.) in a series of letters) with "hich) in a resolution of the 5th February last, the Council of the Langue expressed its entire satisfaction. Our members who feel an interest in the 1Ietropolitan and National Association for providing Nurfles for the ick Poor, which was initiated by the Order) will be gratified to learn that the vacancy created by Captain Fortescue's resignation of the Secretaryship of that Society has been supplied by the selection of our confrere 1fr. John FlU'ley by the Executive Council.

FOR~I

OF BEQUEST

Members are informed that) in consequence of the great increase in the work of the Ambulance Department) the Chancery, t. J olm's Gate) will be open every day (Saturdays and undays excepted) from 12 to 4 o)clock. They are reminded timt books can be obtained from the library on application to the Librarian) through the Assistant-Secretary, who will be in attendance as above specified. f

In conclusion, the Chapter refers with satisfaction to the work done by the Order in England during the past year) which has contributed so much to strengthen its claims to public support. This has not been achieved without great exertions and no little self-sacrifice on the part of some of our officers and members, and it is hoped that in future their hands may be strengthened by the ready aid and cordial co-operation of such confreres who hitherto have failed to realise the importance of those hospitaller and national objects which the Chapter has steadily kept in view) and which it is gradually endeavouring to develop and extend.

TO THE

@rbcr nf

~t. J'o~n

nf J'crusnfcm in ®nglnnh.

I give and bequeath to the Receiyer for the time being of the English (Protestant) Langue of the Order of St. J olm of Jerusalem in England the sum of £

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to be applied at the discretion of the Chapter of the said Order towards the charitable objects of such Order) and I direct that the said sum shall be paid, free of legacy duty} out of such part of my personal estate as may be legally bequeathed for charitable purposes.